ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ. 2013. Ɍ. 10. ʋ 1. ɋ. 9–17 ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍɪɨɧɢɧ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɊȺɇ, 197110, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɭɥ. Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɧɚɹ, 18 E-mail: a.a.tronin@ecosafety-spb.ru ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. Ɉɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ. Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ EOS. Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɚɯɨɬɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɸ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. ɇɨ ɷɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ (Ʉɚɫɢɦɨɜ, 2002). ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ (Ɉɞɭɦ, 1975; Jorgensen, Svirezhev, 2004). ɗɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ (Ƚɨɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɪ., 2011). Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɚɸɬ ɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ (Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ɋ., Ⱥɪɬɸɯɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ ȼ.Ƚ. Web-Ⱥɬɥɚɫ: «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ», 1998; http://www.sci.aha.ru/ATL/ra00.htm). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɗɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ ɂɧɬɟɪɮɚɤɫ-ɗɊȺ (http://interfax-era.ru/metodologiya) ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɄɉȾ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ (Ɇɚɫɬɟɩɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., 2001). ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 9 ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ EOS (Terra/Aqua), ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɢɩɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ Land Cover MOD 12), ɢɧɞɟɤɫɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (LAI), ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟɦ (FPAR) – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ MOD 15. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ MERRA (http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/merra/), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɦɤɚ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ Biome Properties Lookup Table (BPLUT), ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɬɢɩɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS ɡɚ 2010 ɝ., ɝ_ɋ/(ɦ2×ɝɨɞ) 10 ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ MOD 17, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (NPP) ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/pdf/ MOD_17.pdf). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ 8-ɞɧɟɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ: ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ «ɫɬɵɤɨɜ» ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ʋ 261 ɨɬ 23 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2009 ɝ. «Ɉɛ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ». ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨ-ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɵ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ, ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ, ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ, ɬɨɪɮɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɥɚɧɰɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɧɧɚɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2009 ɝ., ɬɵɫ. ɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɦɢ ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ 3096 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɚɲɤɨɪɬɨɫɬɚɧ ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ 24878 ɏɚɧɬɵ-Ɇɚɧɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ 40700 ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ – ɘɝɪɚ 15406 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɇɚɪɢɣ ɗɥ 1652 əɦɚɥɨ-ɇɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 8883 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɇɨɪɞɨɜɢɹ 3221 Ɍɸɦɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɇɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ 3825 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɍɚɬɚɪɫɬɚɧ 20320 ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 41165 18330 ɍɞɦɭɪɬɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ 6444 ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 38002 Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 2938 ɑɭɜɚɲɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ 3936 Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 18778 34705 Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 22700 ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 11836 8545 Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 8314 Ʉɢɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 6597 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ⱥɞɵɝɟɹ 934 ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 5462 ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. 20746 Ɋɨɫɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 11665 ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 2142 Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 5227 ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 16227 ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 15842 ɉɟɧɡɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 2861 Ⱥɫɬɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 5857 ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 34220 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɥɦɵɤɢɹ 157 11930 ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 10920 3839 ɍɥɶɹɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 5980 Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ Ȼɪɹɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 13901 11 ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 10664 Ʉɚɪɚɱɚɟɜɨ-ɑɟɪɤɟɫɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ 1189 ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 7528 Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 9444 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ⱦɚɝɟɫɬɚɧ 6892 ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 2643 Ɍɨɦɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 14013 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ Ɉɫɟɬɢɹ – Ⱥɥɚɧɢɹ 1985 Ʉɚɥɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 3199 Ɉɦɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 17018 Ʉɚɛɚɪɞɢɧɨ-Ȼɚɥɤɚɪɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ 1680 Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 5981 Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 56138 ɑɟɱɟɧɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ – Ʉɭɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 6278 ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 16490 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɂɧɝɭɲɟɬɢɹ 788 ɑɭɤɨɬɫɤɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ 484 Ɇɚɝɚɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 996 Ʌɢɩɟɰɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 22761 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɍɵɜɚ 1257 Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 35910 Ɂɚɛɚɣɤɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 6273 Ɉɪɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 1902 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ⱥɥɬɚɣ Ɋɹɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 7181 ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 11959 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɚɯɚ (əɤɭɬɢɹ) 8620 ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 2467 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɭɪɹɬɢɹ 3829 Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 1271 Ɍɚɦɛɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 4296 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɏɚɤɚɫɢɹ 4358 ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 7500 Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 12726 Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 71363 Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 6050 Ɍɭɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 13494 ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 9533 əɪɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 4160 Ʉɭɪɝɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 621 2876 ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ 13143 ȿɜɪɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 39370 547 Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ (SWRAD) ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 2), ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ (IPAR): IPAR = [0.45÷0.5] × SWRAD (ȼɬ/ɦ2). Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ (FPAR) – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 400–700 ɧɦ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ (APAR): APAR = IPAR (ȼɬ/ɦ2) × FPAR. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ: GPP = ε (ɝ_C/Ⱦɠ) × APAR (ȼɬ/ɦ2), (1) ɝɞɟ GPP – ɜɚɥɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ, ɝ_C/(ɦ2 × ɫ); ε – ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɝ_C/Ⱦɠ; ε = εɦɚɯ × f(T) × g(W); εɦɚɯ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; f(T) ɢ g(W) – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ε ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ɇɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ: 12 Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ), ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɦɨɪɹ ɧɚ Ƚɚɜɚɣɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 400–700 ɧɦ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ in vivo (ɩɨ Kiang ɢ ɞɪ., 2007) NPP = GPP – Ra, (2) ɝɞɟ NPP – ɱɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ, ɝ_C/(ɦ2 × ɫ); Ra – ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ εɦɚɯ ɬɚɛɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ f(T) ɢ g(W) ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ BPLUT. Ra ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ (APAR) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (1) ɢ (2). ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ APAR ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ (APAR), ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ, 2000–2010 ɝɝ. ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ APAR, ȼɬ/ɦ2 ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ APAR, ȼɬ/ɦ2 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɹ 46 Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 50 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɦɢ 38 Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 32 Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 45 ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 55 ɇɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ 24 ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 58 ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 53 ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 45 Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 72 13 Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɤ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ. ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɢɡ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɬɨɧɧ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɭɸ ɜ ɜɚɬɬɚɯ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (AEL) ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3. Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ: ɜ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 10 ȼɬ/ɦ2, ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ – ɛɨɥɟɟ 33 ȼɬ/ɦ2, ɜ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ, Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ – ɨɬ 100 ɞɨ 200 ɦȼɬ/ɦ2, ɚ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ – ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɦȼɬ/ɦ2. Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ ɜ 2009 ɝ., ȼɬ/ɦ2 ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɉɨɥɭɱɢɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ), ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ – ȼɬ/ɦ2, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ: ESL = APAR / AEL, ɝɞɟ ESL – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4. 14 Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ ɜ 2009 ɝ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ – ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ – ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɤ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3). Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ ɜ 2009 ɝ. ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ESL ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ESL Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɹ 2910 Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 242 Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɦɢ 1120 Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 609 Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 2248 ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 591 ɇɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ 1174 ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 449 ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 399 1612 4 ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤ ɜ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɢ ɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ 15 ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤ, ɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɪɨɡ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɚɦɵɣ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ – ɜ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɯɨɠɢɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ, ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ. Ɍɚɤ, ɢɦɟɹ ɫɯɨɠɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ APAR, ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɧɚ 30% ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɜ 2,5 ɪɚɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɉɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɜɟɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ. Ʌɢɲɶ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ (ɨɬ 0,1 ɞɨ 7%) ɢɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ, ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ, ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɧ. ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɡɜɧɟ. Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ: ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ. ɉɨɩɵɬɤɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɭɛɥɹɯ. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. Ɉɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. 16 Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɜɟɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ (ɥɟɫɨɜ) ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ (ɫ/ɯ ɡɟɦɥɢ) ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. Ƚɨɪɧɵɣ ȼ.ɂ., Ʉɪɢɰɭɤ ɋ.Ƚ., Ʌɚɬɵɩɨɜ ɂ.ɒ. Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ // ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ. 2011. Ɍ. 8. ʋ 2. ɋ. 179–194. 2. Ʉɚɫɢɦɨɜ ɇ.ɋ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ Ⱥɬɥɚɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ɇ.: ɁȺɈ «Ʉɚɪɬɚ», 2002. 128 ɫ. 3. Ɇɚɫɬɟɩɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ȼ.ȼ., Ɋɵɥɶɫɤɢɣ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɒɚɮɪɚɧɧɢɤ ɘ.Ʉ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɇ.: ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ, 2001. 476 ɫ. 4. Ɉɞɭɦ ɘ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1975. 744 ɫ. 5. Jorgensen S.E., Svirezhev Yu.M. Towards a Thermodynamic Theory for Ecological Systems. Oxford: Elsevier, 2004. 366 p. 6. Kiang N.Y., Siefert J., Govindjee, Blankenship R.E., Meadows V.S. Spectral signatures of photosynthesis I: Review of Earth organisms // Astrobiology. 2007. No. 7. P. 222–251. Remote sensing in ecological safety A.A. Tronin Saint-Petersburg ScientiÞc-Research Centre for Ecological Safety RAS 197110, Saint-Petersburg, 18 Korpusnaya Str. E-mail: a.a.tronin@ecosafety-spb.edu New energetic approach for ecological safety level rating is proposed. It is based on comparison of photosynthetically active radiation, absorbed by plants and anthropogenic energy load on regions. Solar radiation, absorbed by plants is retrieved with satellite remote sensing data from EOS system. Anthropogenic load of regions is determined by primary energy consumption. Ecological safety level rating was calculated for North-West part of Russia. Proposed method allows to join natural and anthropogenic components for ecological safety rating. Future development of remote sensing in ecosystem safety level deÞnition is indicated. Keywords: remote sensing, ecosystem primary production, anthropogenic load, ecological safety. 17