Погрешности спутниковых оценок температуры поверхности

ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɜ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ
Ⱥ.ɂ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɢɧ, Ɇ.Ƚ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɢɧɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ
690041 ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ, Ɋɚɞɢɨ 5
E-mails: aleks@iacp.dvo.ru, margeo@satellite.dvo.ru
ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɥɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɌɉɈ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ. ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ. Ⱦɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ (ɌɉɈ) ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶ - ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ GODAE – Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ «ɩɨɝɨɞɵ» ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɌɉɈ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ «ɩɨɝɨɞɵ».
ȼ
ɯɨɞɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ
AVHRR\NOAA ɜ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɹ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 9qɋ) ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɲɬɢɥɹ ɜ 2003.ɝ. (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1, Ɋɢɫ. 1).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ1. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ ɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɬɨɤ
Ⱦɚɬɚ ɢ ʋ ɜɢɬɤɚ
28.06.2003
(NOAA-12, ʋ2976)
29.06.2003
(NOAA-12, ʋ2983)
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɨ Ƚɪɢɧɜɢɱɭ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
147q55c-51q 44c
19:32
5:32 (ɧɨɱɶ)
5.8qC -min
147q55c-51q 44c
06:55
16:55 (ɞɟɧɶ)
15.8qC-max
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ 6.6ºC, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ, ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ [1]. Ⱦɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ 29-30 ɢɸɧɹ 2003 ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [2]. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ: ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɥɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ (ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ) ɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɰɢɤɥɨɧɚ (ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɟɬɪɚ).
217
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ (NOAA-12) ɢ ɥɢɧɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ (1), ɩɨɥɟ ɜɟɬɪɚ (2)
ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ (3) ɡɚ 29.06.2003
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɵ [3], ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ, ɚ ɧɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɡɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɜ ɡɟɧɢɬɟ (25q ɫ.ɲ. ɥɟɬɨɦ ɢ 25q ɸ.ɲ. ɡɢɦɨɣ).
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ - ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɤɟɚɧɚ (ɌɉɈ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ 1 ɦ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶ
Ɏɢɡɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ [4].
ɍɬɪɨɦ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɜɚɡɢɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ (ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɫɥɚɛɟɜɚɟɬ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ. ɑɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫɥɨɣ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ) ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ, ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɨɫɬɵɜɚ218
ɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɣ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɹ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ [4]. ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ:
Qn =QT + QL +QE
(1)
ɝɞɟ QT - ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧ, QL -ɩɨɬɨɤ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ, QE –
ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ (ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ, ɢɡɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ). Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 10ɫɦ ɞɨ 40ɫɦ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 12 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɧɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ), ɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɫɥɨɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ15-18 ɱɚɫɨɜ
ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ȼɭɞɫɚ [5] ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɥɨɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ – ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ('SST) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɦɨɪɹ (bulk temperature) ɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ (subskin layer), ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɌɉɈ.
ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ('SST) ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ 4 ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ [6-9].
1) ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ 1 [6] ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
'SST=f + a·PS + b·P + c·ln(U) +d·PS·ln(U) + e·U,
ɝɞɟ PS – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɞɟɧɶ, P – ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ
ɡɚ ɞɟɧɶ, U – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, a,b,c,d,e,f – ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ.
2) ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ 2 [7] ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ – ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ PS ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ U, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ 0.5 ɦ/ɫɟɤ, ɬɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 0.5 ɦ/ɫɟɤ:
'SST=a(PS)2+b[(ln(U)] + c(PS)2[(ln(U)]+d,
ɝɞɟ a, b, c, d, –ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ.
3) ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ 3 [8] ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ QR, ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ U ɢ Ɏɭɪɶɟ-ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ f(t):
'SST(t,QR,u)=3.444 uf(t) u [(QR-Qp0) -1.444 u 10-3 u (QR-Qp0)2] u e(-0.29U) , ɩɪɢ
Q>Qp0=24Wm-2 , ɝɞɟ QR– ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ t, U– ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ,
219
f(t) = [6.814-6.837cos(Ȧt)-8.427 sin(Ȧ t)+1.447 cos(2 Ȧ t)+4.274sin(2 Ȧ t)-
0.407cos(3Ȧt)-0.851sin(3Ȧt)+0.457cos(4Ȧt)-0.555sin(4Ȧt)0.101cos(5Ȧt)+0.375sin(5Ȧt)]
u0.001, Ȧ=0.2668 ɱɚɫ-1 .
4) ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ 4 [9] ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ Q, ɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɭɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
tmax ɢ tmin- ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɧɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟ-
ɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ U ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ:
tmin=a2+b2ln(U8-12) , 'SST12-tmin=a3+b3e(-600/Qsw6-12)U8-12+c3(Qsw6-12/U8-12),
tmax=a4+b4ln(U8-12)+c4Qsw6-12+d4ln(U12-15)+f4Qsw12-18,
'SSTtmax-12=a5+b5e(-600/Qsw12-18)U12-15+c5(Qsw12-18/U12-15),
ɟɫɥɢ U12-15<2ms-1, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ U12-15 =2ms-1, ɟɫɥɢ U12-15<2.5ms-1 ɢ (U12-15 –U8-12)>0.7ms-1,
ɬɨɝɞɚ 'SSTtmax-12=0.1, ɝɞɟ Ut1-t2 – ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ t1 ɞɨ t2,
Qswt1-t2– ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ t1 ɞɨ t2, ɚ ai ɢ
bi – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ.
ȼɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɦ ɜɟɬɪɟ [6-9]
ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ 29 ɢɸɧɹ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ
ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 52q ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 147q ɜ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ. ɉɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 52 q ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ
147q ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɚɫ [http://pvcdrom.pveducation.org] ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ASTM[10]. Ʉɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ
ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 52 q ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 147q ɡɚ 24 ɱɚɫ, ɫ 6 - 12, ɫ 8-12, ɫ 12-18 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 Ʉɭɦɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 52 q ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 147q
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɧɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɚɯ
2-22
6-12
8-12
12-18
kW/m2
11.64
5.33
3.85
5.27
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ:
1.
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ - 52qɫ.ɲ. ɢ 147qɜ.ɞ.
2.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɧɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɥɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ -16 ɱɚɫɨɜ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ, ɡɟ-
ɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ – 28°.
3.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ASTM) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ
ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ.
4.
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ -ɛɟɡɜɟɬɪɢɟ (ɲɬɢɥɶ), ɬ.ɟ. ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ U=0ɦ\ɫɟɤ
5.
Ⱥɥɶɛɟɞɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ A - 0.02.
220
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɥɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3). ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ
ɷɬɨɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɤɫɬɚɬɢ, ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɌɉɈ).
ɉɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɟɬɪɟ – ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3 Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ
(WEBSTER)
'SST
1
(KAWAMURA)
'SST
2
(GENTEMANN)
'SST
3
(STUART-MENTETH)
'SST
4
1 ɦ\ɫɟɤ
1.8q
3.7q
2.6q
22.1q
0 ɦ\ɫɟɤ
v
v
4.5q
-
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ, ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨɬ 25º ɢ
52ºɫ.ɲ.. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ [10], ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɨɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 20ºɋ (5ºɋ ɢ 25ºɋ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ), ɜɟɬɟɪ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ 100%, ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɰɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ.
Ɋɢɫ.2. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɧɚ 12 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɧɹ 29 ɢɸɧɹ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ
ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 52q ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 147q
221
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ (Ɋɢɫ.2) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ:
QR(z)= QR(1-A)f(z),
f(z)=6aiexp(-Eiz),
ɝɞɟ a1=0.45, a2=0.27, a3=0.28, E2= 2.8ɦ-1, E3=71.5ɦ-1, E1- ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ,
ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ. E1=0.1 ɦ-1 ɞɥɹ ɬɢɩɚ 1ȼ
ɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ [11].
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɹ (1) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ [12]:
QT=UacpCsU(Ta-T),
QL=UaLeCeU(qa-qs),
QE=QE(in)-İVT4,
QE(in)- ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ, Ua – ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, cp ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦ-
ɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, Cs-ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, T–ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɹ, Ta –
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, Le- ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ, Ce – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ, qs – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɜɨɞɚ–ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, qs– ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, U – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ, V - ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɋɬɟɮɚɧɚ-Ȼɨɥɶɰɦɚɧɚ
(5.6u10-8 ȾɠK-4m-2s-1), İ– ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ «ɱɟɪɧɨɬɵ» ɜɨɞɵ (a0.98). ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶ ɨɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ) ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ (ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ, ɱɟɦ ɞɜɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ (1) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ [12]), ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ Qȿ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ
QE ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ [13 ] ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [14]
Qȿ =-İıTs4(0.39-0.05(ea)1/2)-4İıTs3(Ts-Ta),
(2)
ɝɞɟ Ts – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, Ta – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚɞ ɦɨɪɟɦ, ea – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ Ts=Ta, ɚ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɢ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɹ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɚɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.3.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɥɨɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɤɜɚɡɢɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚ [11], ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ.
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Ɋɢɫ.3. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ 29 ɢɸɧɹ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 52q ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 147q
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ:
cpUwtT=-wzQ -wzQR
(3)
UwtS=wzF
(4)
Gu-DT gQ/cpU+(ESg/U)F-(1/U)wzE-H=0,
(5)
ɝɞɟ T-ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, Q-ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɬɟɩɥɚ, QR-ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ,
S-ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ, F-ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɨɥɢ, Gu-ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɨɣ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ, E- ɩɨɬɨɤ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, H-ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, cp, U, g –ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ, z-ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ, t-ɜɪɟɦɹ ,DT = (1/U)(wU/wT)S,p , ES = (1/U)(wU/wS)T,p .
Ƚɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ:
Q(0,t)=Qn, F(0,t)= -(S/L) QL, E(0,t)=E0, ɝɞɟ, L- ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ : Q(H,t)=0, F(H,t)= 0, E(H,t)=0.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ (3-5) ɞɥɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ H [11] ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɜɢɞ: 1+ Qn/QR(+0)+6[(1+2/EiH)ai *exp(-EiH)-2ai/EiH]=0,
ɝɞɟ QR(+0)=(1-A)QR -ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ, A- ɚɥɶɛɟɞɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ. Ɂɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ H (Ɋɢɫ.4).
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Ɋɢɫ.4. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ H ɫɥɨɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ
29 ɢɸɧɹ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ 52q ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ 147q
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2), ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ,
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ 25qɫ.ɲ.
ɢ 50qɫ.ɲ. ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ 25qɋ ɢ 5qɋ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɧɚ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɪɹ (ɜ 15 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɧɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ) ɜ Ɉɯɨɬɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 13ɫɦ . Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
ɜ «ɬɪɨɩɢɤɚɯ» - 29 ɫɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ QE=152Wm-2 ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢ QE=187Wm-2- ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ.
ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ (251 Wm-2 ɢ 301 Wm-2), ɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɥɨɹ H
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ 1.86 ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɤɚɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ.
ɇɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɚɪ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɦɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɢɡ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ. ɇɚ ɂɄ-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40% ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɨɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ [15], ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
224
ɲɢɪɨɬɵ (ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ), ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ⱥ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɷɬɚ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 100Wm-2. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɂɄ-ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɫɥɨɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ.
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɚɪɬ
ɌɉɈ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ [16] ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ, ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ COARE (Couple
Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment) ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ TOGA (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere), ɛɵɥɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɧɚ 72 ɞɧɟɜɧɨɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɚ ɧɚ 20%. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɚɞɟɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ.
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɥɨɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ Qn/QR(+0). ɋ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɥɨɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɜ ɲɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ), ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ (ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɛɵ225
ɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ). ɇɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɂɄ-ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ (48 ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ) ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ ɝɨɫ.ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɦ ʋ 02.518.11.7152 ɢ ɝɪɚɧɬɚɦɢ ȾȼɈ ɊȺɇ.
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Satellite estimation of sea surface temperature inaccuracy during
a calm for high diurnal warming in the Okhotsk sea
A.I. Alexanin, M.G. Alexanina
Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS,
690041 Vladovostok, st. Radio 5
E-mails: aleks@iacp.dvo.ru, margeo@satellite.dvo.ru
A sample of high local diurnal warming of sea surface in the Okhotsk sea during a summer solstice was considered.
The available empirical models of the warming were compared. The models do not explain the observable phenomenon. For the explanation of such warming the physical models of convectional mixing, calculation of thermal
flows on the surface of ocean-atmosphere, transformation of the solar radiation in the atmosphere and absorption of
radiation by water are considered. The recommendations for creation of the satellite SST algorithms are offered.
Keywords: Sea surface temperature. Satellite monitoring. Diurnal warming.
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