Моделирование вертикальных потоков влаги и тепла с

Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ȿ.Ʌ. Ɇɭɡɵɥɟɜ1, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ2, Ɂ.ɉ. ɋɬɚɪɰɟɜɚ1, ȿ.ȼ. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ2, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɭɯɚɪɫɤɢɣ2
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɊȺɇ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 119333, ɭɥ.Ƚɭɛɤɢɧɚ, 3. E-mail: muzylev@aqua.laser.ru
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Ƚɍ “ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ "ɉɥɚɧɟɬɚ"
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 123242, Ȼ.ɉɪɟɞɬɟɱɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪ., 7. E-mail: uspensky@planet.iitp.ru
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Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨ- ɢ ɜɥɚɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ "ɩɨɱɜɚ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ"
(SVAT), ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɟɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (Ɍɉɉ), ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ AVHRR (ɂɋɁ NOAA)
ɢ MODIS (ɂɋɁ EOS Terra ɢ Aqua). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ
10000 ɤɦ2 ɡɚ ɫɟɡɨɧɵ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2005-2008 ɝɝ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ SVAT ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɤɚɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ LAI, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ B ɢ Ɍɉɉ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɢ MODIS. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ LAI, B ɢ Ɍɉɉ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ LAI, B ɢ Ɍɉɉ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ. ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɥɚɝɨ- ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ “ɩɨɱɜɚ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ” ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɉɉ) ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɥɚɝɨ- ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ ɉɉ
ɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ
ɬɢɩɚ SVAT ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɫ ɪɟɞɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ: 1) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ AVHRR/NOAA ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ Tsg ɢ ɟɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ E, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ Ta, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ts.eff, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ NDVI, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ B ɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ LAI, ɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ
254
MODIS/EOS Terra ɢ Aqua – ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɍsg, ȿ, NDVI, LAI; 2) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ SVAT, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɢɯ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ; 3) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ
ɪ.ɋɟɣɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ 7460 ɤɦ2, ɞɥɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2005-2008 ɝɝ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ SVAT ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɏɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ SVAT, ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [1-3], ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨ- ɢ ɜɥɚɝɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɭɲɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ɍg
ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ Ɍf ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
(Ɍɉɉ) Ɍs. ɉɉ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ – ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɦɭ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ – ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ Eg ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ef: Eg = ȡa·(r·q*(Tg) – qaf)/rag, Ef = ȡa·(q*(Tf) – qaf) LAI/(ra + rs), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ LEg ɢ LEf ɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ Hg ɢ Hf ɬɟɩɥɚ: Hg = ȡa·cp·(Tg – Taf)/rag ,
Hf = ȡa·cp·(Tf – Taf)/raf. Ɂɞɟɫɶ q*(Tg) ɢ q*(Tf) - ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ Tg ɢ Tf; Taf ɢ qaf - ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɦɟɠɥɢɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ; cp – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ; r – ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ; rag ɢ raf – ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ
ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ; rs – ɭɫɬɶɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, LAI – ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ; Ua –
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, L – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɩɚɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ ɜɥɚɝɢ
ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɟɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ȼɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɥɚɝɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɢɠɧɟɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɥɚɝɢ
ɢɡ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
ɩɨɱɜɵ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɬɟɩɥɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ
ɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɝɨɥɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɂɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Tg. ɇɢɠɧɟɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɤ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ
ɫɥɨɹɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Tf ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ
ɜ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ. ɇɚɛɨɪ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ, ɨɫɚɞɤɢ, ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ (ɬɪɟɯɱɚɫɨɜɵɯ) ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɥɚ255
ɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɪɚɟɜɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɟɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɟɯɱɚɫɨɜɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ SVAT ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ [2-4].
ɍɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ. Ɍɢɩ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ, ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɢɝɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɇɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɭɫɬɶɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ LAI. ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɉɉ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ (ɦɟɬɟɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ) ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 3ɯ3 ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ (~ 7ɯ5 ɤɦ2),
ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɂɄ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ AVHRR ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1’ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɢ 1.5’ ɩɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɫɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɜɲɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ
ɷɬɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɬɢɩ ɩɨɱɜ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ
ɫɟɬɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ta, Ɍsg, Ɍs.eff, NDVI, E,
B ɢ LAI, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS – ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɍs.eff, ȿ, NDVI, LAI, ɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ – ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Eg, Ef, Hg, Hf ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Tf, Ɍg ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɍɉɉ Ɍs. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ıTs4 = Ra - Rlf - Rlg, ɝɞɟ ı – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ
ɋɬɟɮɚɧɚ-Ȼɨɥɶɰɦɚɧɚ, Ra – ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ; Rlf ɢ Rlg - ɞɥɢɧɧɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɨɝɨɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
(AVHRR/NOAA, MODIS/Aqua ɢ Terra) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɉɉ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ [2-4]. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ [5], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍa ɢ Ɍsg. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɯ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɢ [5];
ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ AVHRR ɜ ɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɬɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍa ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɚ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ Ɍsg ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ 10.511.5 ɢ 11.5-12.5 ɦɤɦ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍsg ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
c [4] ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ta, Ɍsg, Ɍs.eff, NDVI, E, B ɢ LAI ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɟɡɨɧɵ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2005-2008 ɝɝ. ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ AVHRR/NOAA ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɝɨ256
ɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɚɪɯɢɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɜɚɡɢɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɵ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ. Ⱥɪɯɢɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ AVHRR/3 ɂɋɁ NOAA-18 ɜ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ Ta, Ɍsg, Ɍs.eff, NDVI, E, B ɢ LAI ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ
ɞɥɹ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 3ɯ3 ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ta, Ɍsg ɢ Ɍs.eff ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɯ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɯ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ (ɋɄɈ) ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɞɥɹ Ɍa – 2.0-2.6, ɞɥɹ Ts.eff – 2.5-3.7, ɞɥɹ Ɍsg – 3.54.9˚C. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ Ɍs.eff ɫ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ MODIS,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ɍs.eff(MODIS)
ɢ Ɍs.eff(AVHRR/3) ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 2.0-3.0°C, ɚ ɋɄɈ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍs.eff (MODIS) ɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ 3.5°C. Ȼóɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ (ɞɨ +60˚C ɢ ɜɵɲɟ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ SVAT ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɉɉ ɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɚ: 1) ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ LAI ɢ ȼ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ; 2) ɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɉ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ; 3) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI, B, Ɍɉɉ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɡɥɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ; 4) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜɟɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ; 5) ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ LAI, B ɢ Ɍɉɉ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ AVHRR ɢ MODIS ɞɥɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2005-2008 ɝɝ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ LAI ɢ B, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR [3] ɢ MODIS [4] ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɦɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ LAI ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ LAI ɨɬ
ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ LAI ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ: LAI = -2.5˜ln(1.2-2·NDVI) ɞɥɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ LAI = NDVI·1.71
+ 0.48 ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɫɦ. ɜ [3, 4]). Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
NDVI = (A2 – A1)/(A2 + A1), Ⱥ1 ɢ Ⱥ2 – ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɛɟɞɨ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ
AVHRR ɜ 1-ɦ ɢ 2-ɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ LAI ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɜɟɛ-ɫɚɣɬɚ LP
DAAC (NASA). Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 (ɞɥɹ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ), MODIS ɢ ɩɨ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ – ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜ257
ɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍf, Ɍg ɢ Ɍs ɫ ɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ Ɍa, Ɍsg ɢ Ɍs.eff Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
LAI (MODIS), ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ LAI (AVHRR) ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ LAI ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ LAI (AVHRR) ɞɥɹ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɡɨɧɟ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ (ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ 8 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ MODIS ɢ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɯ – ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɱɚɫɚ – ɞɥɹ AVHRR), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI
(AVHRR) ɢ LAI (MODIS) ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ B ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ȼ = (NDVI – NDVIg)/(NDVIv – NDVIg), ɝɞɟ NDVI,
NDVIg, NDVIv – ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ – ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ, ɛɟɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ
B = 1- exp( - k·LAI). Ɂɞɟɫɶ k – ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ [3, 4] ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ LAI ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ
ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɍf, Ɍg ɢ Ɍs ɫ Ɍa, Ɍsg ɢ Ɍs.eff
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ k ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 0.40.
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ Ɍf, Ɍg ɢ Ɍs ɫ ɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ
Ɍa, Ɍsg ɢ Ɍs.eff ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ LAI
ɢ B ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3, MODIS ɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ [4], ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɚ ɢ Tf, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɜɲɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ts.eff - Ts ɢ Tsg - Tg ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ LAI ɢ B ɩɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɤɨɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɢ ɞɧɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ LAI ɢ B ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ Ts.eff - Ts, Ɍsg Ɍg ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts.eff ɢ Ɍsg ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ Ɍs.eff(MODIS) c Ɍs.eff(AVHRR) ɢ Ts ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ Ɍs.eff(MODIS) ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ
Ɍs.eff ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɢ MODIS - ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍs.eff ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.1(ɚ, ɛ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɉɉ Ts.eff(AVHRR) –
Ts ɢ Ts.eff(MODIS) – Ts ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɞɚɬ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2008
ɝ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɟɡɨɧɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭ ɢɸɥɹ – ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɞɟɤɚɞɭ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ, ɩɨɤɨɫɚɦ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ɍɉɉ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɢ MODIS [4], ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ
258
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ
ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2005-2008 ɝɝ. ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɧɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ AVHRR/3
ɢ MODIS ɢ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɢ MODIS
ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3, ɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ
ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ. ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɧɟɣ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
'T1 = Ts.eff (AVHRR) – Ts (ɚ), 'T2 = Ts.eff (MODIS) – Ts (ɛ) ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ ɪ.ɋɟɣɦ, ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ
~ 5 ɤɦ. 6 ɢɸɧɹ 2008 ɝ., 14 ɱ. ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɉɉ ɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɭɱɟɬɚ
ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɭɲɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɟɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɢ MODIS ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ LAI, B ɢ Ɍɉɉ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ LAI, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2008 ɝ. ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.2.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ B ɢ Ɍɉɉ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ,
ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ, ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɜɟɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ. ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
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(¦ Zij Z i ) / ( ¦ Zij ), ɝɞɟ zj - ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ) ɜ j-ɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɫɟɬɤɢ; Zi - ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ i-ɣ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ (i =1,2,…, n); Ȧij = 1/dij2; dij - ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ
j-ɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɞɨ i-ɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧ ɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɟɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ - ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ LAI, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ ɪ.ɋɟɣɦ, ɧɚ 14 ɱ. ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 6 ɢɸɧɹ (ɚ) ɢ 17 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ (ɛ) 2008 ɝ.
C ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ SVAT ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
LAI ɢ B, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɢ MODIS, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ – ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ Ev, ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ W, ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɭ, ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɢɡ ɟɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ
ɫɥɨɢ, ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ LE ɢ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ H ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɬɟɩɥɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ ɪ. ɋɟɣɦ, ɞɥɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ
2005-2008 ɝɝ. Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ev ɢ W ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɚ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ Ev – ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ LAI ɢ B. ɉɪɢ
ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ev ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɦ ɡɚ ɩɟɧɬɚɞɭ (ɪɢɫ.3).
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ (~ 20-25 %).
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɢɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɨɜ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ, ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɰeɧɨɤ LAI. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ, ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ev ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ Ev
ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI ɢ B ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɢ. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɨɞ ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ W, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ LAI ɢ B ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɢ MODIS, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ260
ɦɭ ɯɨɞɭ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ (ɪɢɫ.4). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ. Ʉɨɫɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɉ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ 20 ɢ 40 ɫɦ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ Ev ɞɥɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2008 ɝ.: ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɇɢɠɧɟɞɟɜɢɰɤ (1); ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ LAI ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɞɥɹ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ (2) ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɬɪɚɜ (4)
ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ LAI ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS (3)
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɨɞ ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ (ɜ ɦɦ ɫɥɨɹ), ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɞ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɦɢ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦɢ (1) ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ LAI ɢ B ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɞɥɹ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ (2)
ɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS (3)ɞɥɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2008 ɝ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI ɢ Ɍɉɉ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ Ev ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI ɢ Ɍɉɉ, ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ
ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɫɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ [3, 4] ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
LAI ɢ B ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɚ Ɍɉɉ – ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 5. ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ LE, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ
ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ ɪ.ɋɟɣɦ, ɧɚ 14 ɱ. ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 6 ɢɸɧɹ (ɚ) ɢ 26 ɢɸɥɹ (ɛ) 2008 ɝ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɡɥɟ ɟɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI, B ɢ Ɍɉɉ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ
ɫɟɬɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.5 ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɚɬ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2008 ɝ. ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ LE, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI ɢ Ɍɉɉ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ W ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɚɬ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ 2008 ɝ. ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɭɲɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ.
Ɋɢɫ.6. ȼɥɚɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ LAI
ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR/3 ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ
ɪ.ɋɟɣɦ, ɧɚ 14 ɱ. ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 6 ɢɸɧɹ (ɚ) ɢ 24 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ (ɛ) 2008 ɝ.
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Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ.
1. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɢ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɉɉ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ AVHRR/NOAA ɢ MODIS/EOS Terra ɢ Aqua.
2. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɝɨ- ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ "ɩɨɱɜɚɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ" (SVAT), ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɉɉ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ AVHRR ɢ MODIS ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ LAI, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ B ɢ Ɍɉɉ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ – ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ 10-05-00807.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
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Kuchment L.S., Startseva Z.P. Sensitivity of evapotranspiration and soil moisture in wheat fields to
changes in climate and direct effects of carbon dioxide // Hydrol. Sci. J. 1991. V.36. ʋ 6. P.631-643.
Ɇɭɡɵɥɟɜ ȿ.Ʌ., ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ȼ., ɋɬɚɪɰɟɜɚ Ɂ.ɉ, ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ // Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2002. ʋ 5. ɋ.68-82.
Ɇɭɡɵɥɟɜ ȿ.Ʌ., ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ȼ., ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ., ɋɬɚɪɰɟɜɚ Ɂ.ɉ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨ- ɢ ɜɥɚɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ
// ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 2005. ʋ 4. ɋ.35-44.
Ɇɭɡɵɥɟɜ ȿ.Ʌ., ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ȼ., ɋɬɚɪɰɟɜɚ Ɂ.ɉ, ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ., Ʉɭɯɚɪɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ c ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ // Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2010. ʋ 3. ɋ.118-133.
ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ȼ., ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɬɨɤ // Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 2007. ʋ 12. ɋ.5-20.
The model of vertical water and heat transfer in the "soil-vegetation-atmosphere" system (SVAT) has been developed designing for calculation of water and heat balance components as well as vertical soil temperature and moisture distributions and soil surface and foliage temperatures. The model is meant for utilizing estimates of vegetation
characteristics and land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from AVHRR/NOAA and MODIS/EOS Terra & Aqua
measurement data in cloud-free conditions. Calculations have been carried out for the part of the Kursk region with
area about 10000 km2 for vegetation seasons of 2005-2008.
To provide effective assimilation of satellite data in the SVAT model the ability has been investigated to replace
ground-based estimates of leaf area index LAI, vegetation cover fraction B and LST using as the model parameters
and input variable, correspondingly, by their AVHRR- or MODIS-based analogues. The approach has been also
developed to account for space variability of above satellite-derived estimates. The SVAT model calculations of
water and heat balance components, as well as vegetation cover and soil surface temperatures for region under investigation have been carried out for different scenarios of LAI and B estimating from AVHRR/3, MODIS, and
ground-based data for named vegetation seasons. The acceptable accuracy levels of above values assessment have
been achieved under all scenarios of parameter and input model variable specification.
Keywords: modeling water and heat transfer, satellite data thematic processing, space variability of land surface
characteristics.
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