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ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɃ ɅȿɋɈȼ ɋɉɍɌɇɂɄɈȼɕɆɂ
ɋȼɑ-ɊȺȾɂɈɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɆȿɌɈȾȺɆɂ
Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ƚɪɚɧɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɇɢɥɶɲɢɧ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɑɭɯɥɚɧɰɟɜ, ɇ.Ʉ. ɒɟɥɨɛɚɧɨɜɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ
141190 ɝ. Ɏɪɹɡɢɧɨ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ., ɩɥ. ȼɜɜɟɞɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɞ.1.
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ȼ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɫɟɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɋȼɑ - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɢ Nimbus-7, DMSP, ADEOS-II, EOS-Aqua, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɤ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɭ ɜ 2006 ɝ. L - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɢɫɫɢɢ SMOS. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɟɫɚ: ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ;
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɋȼɑ - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ; ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ (ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɡɚɫɭɯɢ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ) ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ; ɫɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɢ
ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ; ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ
ɋȼɑ - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɟɫɚ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɋ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɋȼɑ - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɥɟɫɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɥɚ. ɇɨ ɭɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɥɟɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤ
ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɋȼɑ - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ Ʉɨɫɦɨɫ-243 ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɇɢɦɛɭɫ-5 ɧɚɞ
ɥɟɫɨɦ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɪɢɧɨɤɨ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ [1]. ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɋȼɑ - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ɂɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ ɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɢ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɵ SMMR, SSM/I, TIM, AMSR, AMSR-E ɢ ɆɌȼɁȺ [2].
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɋȼɑ-ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɹɬɧɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ.
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɮɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ [3].
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMMR ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Nimbus-7 ɡɚ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ
1978-1982 ɝɝ. ɧɚɞ ɥɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɘɠɧɨɣ Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ (əɌ) ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ
10.7 ɢ 18 ȽȽɰ (10.7ɇ, 18ɇ) ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɇ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɟɦɶ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ –
ɥɟɫ ɫ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɧɵ, ɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ, ɝɭɫɬɨɣ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ, ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ, ɛɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɚɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ
SSM/I ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɟɪɢɢ DMSP: F-08, F-10 y F-16, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ 1987 ɝ. ɩɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ. SSM/I ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɦ, ɫɟɦɢɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 19.35
(19V, 19H), 22.235 (22V), 37 (37V, 37H) ɢ 85.5 ȽȽɰ (85V, 85H). Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ [4]:
T22BTV T19BTV d 4; (T19BTV T37BTV ) / 2 (T19BTH T37BTH ) / 2 d 1.9;
T85BTV T37BTV t 0; T85BTH T37BTH 4.5; T19BTV ! 262
250
ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ əɌ ɜ Ʉɟɥɶɜɢɧɚɯ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɞ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ - ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɢ ɢ ɜ
Ʉɨɧɝɨ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMM/I ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɞɨ
ɫɟɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ [5].
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ «ɱɢɫɬɵɯ» ɋȼɑ - ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɫ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɋȼɑ - ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɜ (ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ) [6,7].
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ (ɡɚɫɭɯɢ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ)
ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
Air Temperature (Cels)
ɋȼɑ - ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɝɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɨɝɚ, ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɨɫɚɞɤɢ, ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɢ, ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɢ [8].
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɝɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɟ 1.35 ɫɦ - ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ 4-ɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɝɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ əɌ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɟ 1.35 ɫɦ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SSM/I ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ DMSP F08 ɡɚ ɚɩɪɟɥɶɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ 1988-1989 ɝɝ. (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1). ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ:
T A 295.72 1.16414T22BTV .
35
AT = - 295.72 + 1.16414 x BT
R = 0.92
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285
22V Brightness Tem perature (K)
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɝɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɢ əɌ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɟ 1.35 ɫɦ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SSM/I ɡɚ ɚɩɪɟɥɶ-ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ 1988-1989 ɝɝ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [9] ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ T A ɜ ɥɟɫɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɝɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ
SSM/I.
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ:
TA
0.2769T19BTV 0.5101T19BTH 0.0.9758T22BTV 0.6959T37BTV
0.4244T37BTH 0.03812T85BTV 0 .02716T85BTH 243.4
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɯ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ 19.35 ȽȽɰ:
TA
[2.275T19BTV 1.275T19BTH ] / 0.9432
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [8] ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɢ (Ɋɂɋ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ (ɊȻ) R ɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ LP ( L - ɫɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɩɚɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ P ɡɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɊȻ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ Ɋɂɋ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɬɟɧ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ. ɇɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ
251
ɯɨɞɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ əɌ ɢ Ɋɂɋ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ DMSP F10, F11, F13, F14 ɡɚ ɚɩɪɟɥɶ-ɦɚɣ 1997 ɝ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ əɌ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɋɂɋ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ əɌ ɢ
ɊȻ:
T BT
233.5 343R
ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ 0.98.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMM/I ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
[10]. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ əɌ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ 85 ɢ 37
ȽȽɰ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.2).
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɲɬɚɬɟ Ɉɤɥɚɯɨɦɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɋȼɑɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ DMSP F14 (ɜɢɬɨɤ 487)
ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ əɌ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [11] ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ əɌ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ-ɥɟɫ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ (ɋɉɅȺ) ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹ ɫ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ 1988, 1989, 1990 ɢ 1997 ɝɨɞɨɜ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SSM/I ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ DMSP F-08, F-10, F-13, F-14. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ əɌ
ɋɉɅȺ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɢ
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɥɟɫ-ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ
(ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.3).
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ əɌ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [12] ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ:
G
V əɌ / Ɍ əɌ ,
ɝɞɟ V əɌ - ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɢ Ɍ əɌ - ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ əɌ. ɉɪɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ əɌ ɋɉɅȺ ɩɨ Ⱥɥɹɫɤɟ, Ʉɟɬɶ-ɑɭɥɵɦɭ, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.4) ɢ Ɉɤɥɚɯɨɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚ252
285
Moscow Region (55.7°N, 39.5°E)
DMSP F10, F11, F13, F14 SSM/I Data
280
25
275
20
270
15
265
260
255
10
Air Temperature
85V
22V
Apr
May
85H
19V
Jun
Jul
37V
19H
Aug
37H
5
Air Temperature (Cels)
Brightness Temperature (K)
ɛɨɬɟ [12]. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ əɌ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɪɹɞ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɗɬɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɦ ɯɨɞɟ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ
ɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ.
Sep
1997
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ əɌ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɝɟ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ 1997 ɝ. ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SSM/I.
Ʉɨ
ɷ
ɮ
ɮ
ɢɰ
ɢɟ
ɧɬ
ɜɚ
ɪɢ
ɚɰ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
0,03
85V
37V
22V
19V
0,02
0,01
4
5
6
7
8
9
Ɇɟɫɹɰ
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ əɌ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SSM/I.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ
ɋȼɑ-ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜ 1 ɝɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɞɨ 100 ɬɢɩɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ. Ɍɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. Ɍɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɦ 40-60 ɤɝ/ɦ2. ɉɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ. ȼ [13] ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMMR ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɨɥɨɝɚ, ɚ ɜ [14] – ɞɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [5] ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ əɌ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 280 Ʉ ɞɥɹ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ
ɞɥɢɧɚɯ ɜɨɥɧ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛ.1). ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɝɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
[15] ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɟ, ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟ253
ɪɚɬɭɪ ɋɉɅȺ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMMR ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Nimbus-7 ɜ 1982 ɝ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦ 4qɯ5q ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ. ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɟ 4.5 ɫɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɦɚɣ - 259.3V, 253.9H; ɢɸɧɶ - 259.5V, 249.3H; ɢɸɥɶ - 258.9V, 252.6H; ɚɜɝɭɫɬ - 261.2V, 255.9H; ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ 263.1V, 255.5H. ɋɟɡɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɟ 4.5 ɫɦ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɢɫ. 5.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ȼɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ əɌ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɢ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SSM/I.
Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɫɚ
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɣ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɣ ɥɟɫ
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɣ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɣ ɥɟɫ
ȼɥɚɠɧɵɣ ɜɟɱɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ
ȼɥɚɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ
Ⱦɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɥɟɫ
Ɍɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɟɱɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɞɨɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ
19H
7.6
7.8
8.1
4.7
1.3
9.0
19V
8.5
9.0
9.3
7.0
2.2
11.0
22V
7.0
7.0
8.0
5.4
2.8
8.7
37H
3.8
4.0
4.5
1.5
1.8
5.8
37V
4.2
4.8
5.4
2.9
1.0
7.1
85H
6.1
6.1
7.2
4.4
2.6
7.1
85V
6.5
6.4
7.6
5.1
3.8
7.8
0,020
ɉɨ
ɥɹ
ɪɢ 0,018
ɡɚ
ɰɢ
ɨɧ 0,016
ɧɵ
ɣ 0,014
ɢɧ
ɞɟ
ɤɫ 0,012
0,010
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Ɋɢɫ. 5. ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɬɪɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɟ
4.5 ɫɦ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMMR.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɵ ɥɟɫɚ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɜɨɥɧ ɢ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɥɟɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɋȼɑ – ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. ȼ [16] ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ SMM/I ɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɫɨɜ Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɢ ɜ
ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȼ [17] ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SMMR ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ W C , ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɶ W C ɫ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ:
MPDI
(TVBT THBT ) /(TVBT THBT )
ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:
WC
C1 ln(C 2 MPDI C 3 ) ,
ɝɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɱɜ. ɋɟɡɨɧɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
PI ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ FI ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMM/I [16] ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ 19 ɢ 37 ȽȽɰ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɥɢɫɬɜɵ ɥɟɫɨɜ.
ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ SMMR
ɢ SMM/I ɢ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɞɚɥɟɤɢɯ ɨɬ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ,
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ ɜɟɤɚ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɆɇɌɐ, ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ 2059.
254
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Wilheit T.T. Coinparison of «Cosmos-243» Microwave Radiometer Data with «NIMBUS-5» Electrically Scanned Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) Data. Rep. at 1974 Meeting of Joint US/USSR Work. Gr., Nat. Envir. Greenbelt, 1974.
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ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SSM/I // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, 1999, ʋ10, ɋ.2-14.
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ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ SMMR // LV ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɫɢɹ
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