разработка информационной системы поддержки мониторинга

ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɉɈȾȾȿɊɀɄɂ
ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽȺ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ɂ ȾɂɇȺɆɂɄɂ ɇȺɁȿɆɇɕɏ ɗɄɈɋɂɋɌȿɆ
ɋȿȼȿɊɇɈɃ ȿȼɊȺɁɂɂ ɉɈ ȾȺɇɇɕɆ ɋɉɍɌɇɂɄɈȼɕɏ ɇȺȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɃ
ɋ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ȼɭɪɰɟɜ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʌɭɩɹɧ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɨɲɢɧ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɍɜɚɪɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ,
117997 Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɚɹ 84/32
E-mail: beml@smis.iki.rssi.ru
ɇɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ
ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ ɜ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ
ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɤɪɭɝɭ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte, ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɚɧ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ (ɈɈɇ, ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɟɫɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ, ɝɢɛɟɥɶɸ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ, ɧɟɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ. ɇɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɬ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɶ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪ ɞɨ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɶ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɵ, ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ ɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɪɭɛɤɚ ɥɟɫɚ, ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɯ ɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɢ
ɬɪɚɜɹɧɵɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɵ, ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɜɵɜɨɞɹ ɢɯ, ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ.
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ 19% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ 59% ɫɭɲɢ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ, ɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɫɟɜɟɪ0
ɧɟɟ 40 ɋ.ɒ. ȼ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 70% ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1/3 ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɹɡɜɢɦɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɭɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ
ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɝɢɞɪɨɫɮɟɪɟ, ɤɪɢɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɟ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɹɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ ɜ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢ131
ɦɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ, ɞɥɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɢɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɫ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ TerraNorte ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte
Ɉɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ. ɗɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ SPOTVegetation, Terra/Aqua-MODIS ɢ Envisat-MERIS, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɨɥɧ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɤ
ɧɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
SPOT-Vegetation (http://free.vgt.vito.be) ɢ Terra/Aqua-MODIS (http://lpdaac.usgs.gov).
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ETM+ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Landsat-7, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ 2003 ɝɨɞɚ. Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ Landsat-ETM+ (http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu) ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ NOAA-AVHRR ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ IGBP-DIS [1] ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ Ɇɷɪɢɥɟɧɞ
[2], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ Global Land Cover 2000 Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ [3] ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Terra-MODIS ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦ
Ȼɨɫɬɨɧɚ [4].
ɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ NOAA-AVHRR ɢ Terra/Aqua-MODIS ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɥɚɯ (Vegetation Continuous Fields), ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɝɟ ɥɟɫɚ, ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ [5].
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɝɧɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ NOAA-AVHRR (World
Fire Web http://www-gvm.jrc.it/tem/wfw/wfw.htm) [6], Terra/Aqua-MODIS (http://modis-fire.gsfc.nasa.gov) [7] ɢ
ATSR-ERS-2 (World Fire Atlas http://odisseo.esrin.esa.it/ionia/FIRE/AF/ATSR) [8]. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ Global Burnt Area 2000 ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ [9].
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ:
x Global Land Cover Facility (http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu) - ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦ Ɇɷɪɢɥɟɧɞ (ɋɒȺ). ɇɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨ
ɚɪɯɢɜɭ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Landsat, ASTER, MODIS, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ;
132
x
GeoSuccess (http://www.geosuccess.net) - ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ Ɏɥɚɦɚɧɞɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (VITO, Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ). ɇɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɦɨɜ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ.
x Web-ɫɚɣɬ GVM EC JRC – ɫɚɣɬ Ɉɬɞɟɥɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ (http://www-gvm.jrc.it), ɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɧɚ 2000 ɝɨɞ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɇɚɭɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɪɹɞ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɭɛɤɨɧɢɬɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊȺɇ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɪɯɢɜɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ NOAA-AVHRR. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɯ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ, ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ, ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 1998 ɝɨɞɚ [10].
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation ɤɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ [11] ɞɚɟɬ, ɧɚ
ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. ɗɬɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɥɟɝɥɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɥɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ [12],
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɝɚ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Terra/Aqua-MODIS [13]. ɇɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ [14].
ȼɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ Terra/Aqua-MODIS ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ 250 ɦ [15]. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ.
ȼ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (250-300ɦ), ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ Terra/AquaMODIS ɢ Envisat-MERIS, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ Landsat-ETM+ ɢ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ
ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ ɥɟɫɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɠɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɹɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ.
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ, ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ,
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɲɟɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte.
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ TerraNorte ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ:
1. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ;
2. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ;
3. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
133
4. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ TerraNorte.
ɇɢɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ.
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɜɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɯ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɨɛɥɚɤɚ, ɬɟɧɢ, ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɨɥɧ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ:
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (~ 1 ɤɦ), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɪɟɠɟ ɱɟɦ ɟɠɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ
Ɂɟɦɥɢ (ɜ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɨ 2-3 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ). Ʉ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ NOAA-AVHRR, SPOT-Vegetation ɢ Terra/Aqua-MODIS, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɨɥɧ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (~ 250-500 ɦ), ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ Terra/Aqua-MODIS ɢ Envisat-MERIS. ɗɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1-3 ɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɞɥɢɧ ɜɨɥɧ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (~ 20-50 ɦ), ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɱɟɦ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɞɜɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ. Ʉ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ Landsat-TM/ETM+, SPOT-HRV/HRVIR, Terra-ASTER, Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ-3Ɇ/Ɇɋɍ-ɗ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (~ 1-3 ɦ), ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. Ʉ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɭ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ IKɈNOS, Quick Bird ɢ SPOT-HRG.
Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ
ɤɜɚɡɢɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɛɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɯɜɚɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɂɄɂ ɊȺɇ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ (ɂɋɁɎ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ,
ɂɈȺ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, ɂɄɎɂȺ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɢ ɞɪ.). ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ TerraNorte ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ TerraNorte ɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɂɄɂ ɊȺɇ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ [16]. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɯɢɜɨɜ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɧɢɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɂɄɂ ɊȺɇ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɦɢ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ TerraNorte ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation [10].
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɛɥɨɤɢ.
Ȼɥɨɤ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ, ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɹɞɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫɭɛɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ, ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɯ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɨɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɟɧɞ ɤɚɪɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɎȺɈ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɇɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɉɨɤɪɨɜɚ LCCS (Land
Cover Classification System) [17] (www.glcn-lccs.org).
134
Ȼɥɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ:
1. Ʉɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɠɚɪɵ, ɜɵɪɭɛɤɢ, ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ;
2. Ⱦɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɢ ɯɨɞ
ɫɭɤɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
ɛɢɨɦɨɜ ɥɟɫ–ɬɭɧɞɪɚ ɢ ɥɟɫ–ɫɬɟɩɶ;
3. Ɏɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɢɬɦɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɜ ɥɟɫɚɯ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ȼɥɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ (ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ, FPAR, NPP, NEP,
LAI) ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨ– ɢ ɝɚɡɨ– ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɥɟɫɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɢɬɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ [18]. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɥɟɫɚɯ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɭɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ
ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
TerraNorte ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ:
1. ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ;
2. ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɭɤɰɟɫɫɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
3. ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ;
4. ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɢɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ;
5. ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɹɞ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ:
1. Ȼɚɧɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
2. Ƚɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
3. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
Ȼɚɧɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɹɞɪɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɢ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ,
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ.
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɛɚɧɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɚɧɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ:
1. ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ, ɬɟɧɟɣ, ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɯ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ
(ɜɟɫɧɚ, ɥɟɬɨ, ɨɫɟɧɶ) ɦɨɡɚɢɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1998-2004 ɝɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ;
2. ɤɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation;
3. ɤɚɪɬɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɪɹɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɤɚɪɬɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɫɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ;
135
4. ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2000-2003 ɝɨɞɨɜ,
ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜ.
Ʉɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɧɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɯ. ȼɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ƚɂɋ-ɫɥɨɟɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ƚɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ TerraNorte, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ TerraNorte ɱɟɪɟɡ webɫɚɣɬ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ http://terranorte.iki.rssi.ru. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɫɚɣɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɤ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɚɪɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ Ƚɂɋ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɵɥɚ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ ɊɎ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ (ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɊɎ, ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ, ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ) ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɚɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɞɟɤɚɞɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 2000 ɩɨ 2004 ɝɝ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «Ʉɚɪɬɵ on-line» ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ web-ɛɪɚɭɡɟɪɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɡ ɢɧɫɬɚɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɮɚɣɥ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ (ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ, ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ), ɬɢɩɨɦ
(ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ, ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ) ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (ɋɍȻȾ, ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɮɚɣɥɵ ɜ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Ƚɂɋ-ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ.)
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ web-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ. Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ:
x ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ on-line ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɛɪɚɭɡɟɪɚ;
x ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ Ƚɂɋɩɚɤɟɬɚɯ;
x ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɛɚɡɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ web-ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ.
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ web-ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ Ɉɋ FreeBSD,
HTTP-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ Apache, ɋɍȻȾ MySQL ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɂɄɂ ɊȺɇ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ web-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɡɚɢɤɢ, ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɤɚɪɬɵ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ), ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ), ɫɨɡ136
ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ-ɫɤɪɢɩɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ web-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɂɄɂ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ-ɫɤɪɢɩɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ Ƚɂɋɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ (ArcView GIS, ERDAS Imagine ɢ ɞɪ.)
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ, ɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɛɚɧɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte
ɉɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ TerraNorte ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɛɚɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɨɤ, ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɥɟɫɨɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɭɤɰɟɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɮɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ: ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ
ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ web-ɫɚɣɬɟ.
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ TerraNorte ɭɠɟ ɧɚɲɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ Ɏɨɧɞɨɦ Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 04-07-90263-ɜ).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Loveland, T. R., Zhu, Z., Ohlen, D. O., Brown, J. F., Reed, B. C., and Yang, L. 1999, An analysis of the IGBP Global
Land-Cover Characterization Process, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 1021 – 1032
2. Hansen, M., DeFries, R., Townshend, J. R. G. and Sohlberg, R., 2000, Global land cover classification at 1km resolution
using a decision tree classifier, International Journal of Remote Sensing. 21: 1331-1365.
3. Bartholomé, E. and Belward, A. S., 2005, GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth Observation data. International Journal of Remote Sensing in press, March 2005.
4. Friedl, M. A., D. K. McIver, J. C. F. Hodges, X. Y. Zhang, D. Muchoney, A. H. Strahler, C. E. Woodcock, S. Gopal, A.
Schneider, A. Cooper, A. Baccini, F. Gao and C. Schaaf (2002). “Global land cover mapping from MODIS: Algorithms
and early results.” Remote Sensing of Environment 83: 287-302.
5. Hansen M. C., R. S. DeFries, J. R. G. Townshend, M. Carroll, C. Dimiceli, and R. A. Sohlberg, 2003. Global Percent Tree
Cover at a Spatial Resolution of 500 Meters: First Results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Algorithm, Published Date: 9 September 2003, Earth Interactions
6. Grégoire J-M., and S. Pinnock, 2000 The World Fire Web network. A satellite based system for globally mapping fires in
vegetation. Publication of the European Communities, S.P.I.00.11, p. 6, 2000.
7. Justice, C. O, Giglio, L., Korontzi, S., Owens, J., Morisette, J. T., Roy, D., Descloitres, J., Alleaume, S., Petitcolin, F., and
Kaufman, Y., 2002, The MODIS fire products. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83:244-262.
8. Arino O., and Rosaz J.M. 1997 World Fire Atlas. Proceedings of conference on Remote Sensing and Forest Monitoring,
Rogow, Poland, p.606-615.
9. Grégoire, J.-M., Tansey, K., & Silva, J.M.N. (2003). The GBA2000 initiative: Developing a global burned area database
from SPOT-VEGETATION imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24, 1369 - 1376.
10. Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ., ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɂɥɶɢɧ ȼ.Ɉ., Ʌɭɩɹɧ ȿ.Ⱥ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SPOT-Vegetation // ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ "Ⱦɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ", ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, 2-6 ɢɸɧɹ 2003, 9 ɫɬɪ.
11. Bartalev, S.A., A.S. Belward, D. V. Erchov, and A. S. Isaev, 2003, A new SPOT4-VEGETATION derived land cover map
of Northern Eurasia, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 24, No. 9, 1977 – 1982
12. Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ., ȿɪɲɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ., ɂɫɚɟɜ Ⱥ.ɋ, ɉɨɬɚɩɨɜ ɉ.ȼ., Ɍɭɪɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ ɋ.Ⱥ., əɪɨɲɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɘ. Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ȼɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ, ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ (http://terranorte.iki.rssi.ru.).
1.
137
13. ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SPOT-Vegetation ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ», ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 16-18 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2004ɝ. (ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ)
14. Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ., ȿɝɨɪɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ʌɭɩɹɧ ȿ.Ⱥ., ɍɜɚɪɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ ɜ 2000–2003 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ SPOT-Vegetation // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ», ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 16-18 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2004ɝ. (ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ)
15. ɇɟɣɲɬɚɞɬ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ.Ⱥ., ȿɪɲɨɜ Ⱦ.Ɇ., Ʌɭɩɹɧ ȿ.Ⱥ., ɋɚɜɢɧ ɂ.ɘ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ TERRA-MODIS ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ // Ƚɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɚɹ 225-ɥɟɬɢɸ ɆɂɂȽȺɢɄ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 2004, 205-209 ɫ.
16. Ʌɭɩɹɧ ȿ.Ⱥ., Ɇɚɡɭɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., ɇɚɡɢɪɨɜ Ɋ.Ɋ., ɉɪɨɲɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ɏɥɢɬɦɚɧ ȿ.ȼ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɛɨɪɚ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. // ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ: Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɨɥɢɝɪɚɮ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ, 2004 ɫ 81-89.
17. Di Gregorio A. and Jansen L.J.M., 2000. Land Cover Classification System, concepts and user manual,
GCP/RAF/287/ITA Africover (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publishing Service, Viale delle
Terme di Caracalla, 00100, Rome, Italy). 179 pp
18. Bartalev, S.A., A.S. Belward, 2002, Land cover and phenological monitoring in boreal ecosystems using the SPOT - VEGETATION instrument: new observations for climate studies. In proceedings of the Use of Earth Observation data for phenological
monitoring workshop held in Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA) Italy 12th -13th December 2002, pp. 41-48
138
139
Ɋɢɫ. 1 Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ