стационарный газовый плазменный источник тяжелых ионов с

121
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 794, 2008
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /37/
Ñ.Â. Øàðûé, Â.À. Ñåðîøòàíîâ...
Ñòàöèîíàðíûé ãàçîâûé...
ɍȾɄ 621.039.624
ɋɌȺɐɂɈɇȺɊɇɕɃ ȽȺɁɈȼɕɃ ɉɅȺɁɆȿɇɇɕɃ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄ ɌəɀȿɅɕɏ ɂɈɇɈȼ
ɋ ȾɊȿɃɎɈɆ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɇɈȼ
ɋ.ȼ. ɒɚɪɵɣ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɟɪɨɲɬɚɧɨɜ, ȼ.Ȼ. ɘɮɟɪɨɜ, Ɉ.ɋ. Ⱦɪɭɣ, ȼ.ȼ. ȿɝɨɪɟɧɤɨɜ, ȿ.ȼ. Ɋɵɛɚɫ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ» ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
61108, ɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, 1, ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 7 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2008 ɝ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ
ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ ɞɪɟɣɮɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ. ɍɡɟɥ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɥɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɢɨɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ
(ɚɡɨɬ) ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 3 ɞɨ 20 ɫɦ3/ɦɢɧ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 1·10-4 – 8·10-4 Ɍɨɪɪ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɜɨɥɶɬ-ɚɦɩɟɪɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ
1 Ⱥ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 30 ɦȺ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɟ.
ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ, ɯɨɥɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɞɪɟɣɮ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ, ɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ [1]
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ (ɂɉɂ) ɫɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ [2,3]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɂɉɂ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ:
ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1010 – 1013ɫɦ-3 ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 103 ɫɦ2;
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɨɤɨɥɨ 10 ɷȼ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɂɉɂ;
ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ;
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ – ɏɟ, Ʉr, Ar, CO2, C, O2, O;
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ȼɑ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɧɚɲɢɦ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɫ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ 1010 – 1013ɫɦ-3, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ
ɧɭɠɧɵ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 – 103 Ⱥ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɡɹɬɵ
ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 1 Ⱥ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɚɡ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɪɚɡɭ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɂɉɂ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ – ɨɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɨ ɫɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɨɤɨɥɨ 100 ɗ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 1 –
1,5 ɤɗ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɂɉɂ ɜ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ. ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɂɉɂ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ
ɩɨɥɟɦ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ, ɝɞɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɂɉɂ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ
ɛɵ, ɩɨɞɠɢɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ.
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨ-ɞɭɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ȼɫɟ ɨɧɢ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ:
ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ;
ɞɥɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɤ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ;
ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨ-ɞɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɞɪɟɣɮɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜ
ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ.
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɕ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ ɞɪɟɣɮɨɦ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ Ʉɚɭɮɦɚɧɨɦ ɫ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ [4], ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.
122
Ñ.Â. Øàðûé, Â.À. Ñåðîøòàíîâ...
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 794, 2008
Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ 1 ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɡ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɋɬ3 ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ 2 ɢɡ
ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 7 ɫɦ. ɋ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ
ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɬɨɞ 3 ɢɡ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 0,8 ɦɦ. Ⱥɧɨɞ 4 ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɢɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɺɧɧɨɟ ɤ ɤɚɬɨɞɭ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɚɧɨɞ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ 5, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɬɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɫ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦ ɚɧɨɞɚ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚ 6 ɫ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ 7 ɢɡ ɋɬ3, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ. Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ, ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚ ɫ
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ.
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
1 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ, 2 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦ, 3 – ɤɚɬɨɞ, 4
– ɚɧɨɞ, 5 – ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ, 6 – ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ
ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚ, 7 – ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ, 8 – ɚɥɭɧɞɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ, 9 – ɮɥɚɧɟɰ ɢɡ
ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ, 10 – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ,
11, 12 – ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ
Ɋɢɫ.2. Ɍɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ
ɉɨ ɨɫɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɝɚɡɚ. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɝɚɡɚ (ɚɡɨɬ) ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 3 ɞɨ 20 ɫɦ3/ɦɢɧ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
1·10-4 – 8·10-4 Ɍɨɪɪ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɬɨɞɨɦ 100 – 600 ȼ, ɬɨɤ ɧɚɤɚɥɚ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ 32 Ⱥ.
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ [1, 2, 3], ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɹ, ɧɚɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɥɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 2) ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɢɨɧɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.3ɚ ɧɭɥɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɇ, ɗ
ɇ, ɗ
600
35
1
30
500
1
2
25
400
2
20
4
300
5
3
15
3
200
10
100
5
0
0
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
L, ɫɦ
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
r, ɫɦ
ɚ)
ɛ)
Ɋɢɫ.3. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɚ) ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚɯ ɨɬ ɨɫɢ 1 – r = 0 ɫɦ; 2 – r = 1 ɫɦ; 3 – r =2 ɫɦ; 4 – r = 3 ɫɦ; 5 – r = 5 ɫɦ;
(ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ 4, 5 ɩɪɨɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɹɬɢɤɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ);
ɛ) ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɡɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ (1 – l = 1 ɫɦ; 2 – l = 2 ɫɦ;
3 – l = 4 ɫɦ) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ, ɧɭɥɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
Ƚɚɡ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɫɟɜɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɬɨɞɨɦ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɦ, ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 100 – 600 ȼ, ɤɚɬɨɞ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ,
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ. Ɂɚɦɚɝɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɵ, ɷɦɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɚɬɨɞɨɦ, ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
123
Ñòàöèîíàðíûé ãàçîâûé...
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /37/
ɤɚɬɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɢɧɠɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɚɧɨɞɚ, ɧɚɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɢɥɨɜɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɨɪɰɨɦ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɣ ɫ
ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɧɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɥɚɡɦɭ. ɍɯɨɞɭ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɨɞ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɨɞɚ, ɧɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɚɧɨɞɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ LC ɮɢɥɶɬɪ.
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1400 ɦɤɎ, ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ – 18 ɦɤȽɧ. Ʉɚɬɭɲɤɚ 6 ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ
ɩɨɥɟ ɞɨ 600 ɗ.
ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɂ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4 ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚɤɚɥɚ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ
ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ.
200
1,5
1,1
Up(Ik)
0,7
80
0,3
26
28
30
32
34
U p, ȼ
Ip, Ⱥ
U p, ȼ
150
120
Up(P)
1
100
0,5
50
0
36
130
Ip(P)
2,6
Up(ȼ)
110
2,2
90
1,8
Ip(ȼ)
70
Ip, A
1,5
160
2
250
Ip , Ⱥ
Ip(Ik)
Up, B
1,9
200
1,4
0
3
5
-4
P, ×10 Ɍɨɪɪ
Ik, Ⱥ
50
7
1
0
200
400
ȼ, ɗ
600
800
ɚ)
ɛ)
ɜ)
Ɋɢɫ.4. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɚ – ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɤɚɥɚ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ; ɛ – ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ;
ɜ – ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫ.4ɚ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɨɤ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɤɚɥɚ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ ɞɨ 30 – 32 Ⱥ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 7·10-4Ɍɨɪɪ
(ɪɢɫ.4ɛ). ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.4ɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ 160 ɗ. ɉɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ.
U, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
U, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
0
10
20
30
40
t, ɦɫ
50
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
t, ɦɫ
ɚ)
ɛ)
Ɋɢɫ.5. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
ɚ – ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ; ɛ – ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.5 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɨɧɨɜ.
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ – ɩɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ, 50 Ƚɰ, ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɭɧɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɞɭɝ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ. ɗɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɧɟ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɝɞɟ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɪɟɣɮ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ
ɛɵɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [5]. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɨɞ-ɚɧɨɞ:
«ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ "ɬɨɪɟɰ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ – ɬɨɪɟɰ ɚɧɨɞ" ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɟ,
ɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɜ ɩɭɱɨɤ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ». ȼ
ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ (ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɪɢɫ.5ɚ, ɛ) – ɩɥɚɡɦɚ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɫɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɹɬɧɚ ɭɧɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɞɭɝ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɧɚ
ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ.
124
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 794, 2008
Ñ.Â. Øàðûé, Â.À. Ñåðîøòàíîâ...
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ
ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (ɪɢɫ.4) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ 11 ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ 12 ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1), ɫ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɬɤɚɯ ɞɨ 200 ȼ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ
1 Ⱥ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 30 ɦȺ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [6], ɝɞɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ.
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫ ɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 Ⱥ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ,
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
1010 ɫɦ-3. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ 103 ɫɦ2.
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
1. Ⱦɨɜɛɧɹ Ⱥ.ɇ., Ⱦɪɭɣ Ɉ.ɋ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ //
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɇɌɍ «ɏɉɂ». ɋɟɪɢɹ: ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ. – 2004. – ʋ35. – ɋ.169-179.
2. ɘɮɟɪɨɜ ȼ.Ȼ., ȼɢɧɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱦ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɇɌɍ «ɏɉɂ». – 2006. – ʋ35. –
ɋ.125-131.
3. ɘɮɟɪɨɜ ȼ.Ȼ., ɒɚɪɵɣ ɋ.ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɋɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ ɞɪɟɣɮɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɪɢɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɤɚɱɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ⱦɂɋ-1 // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ», ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ 2007. – ɋ. 273-275.
4. Kaufman H.R., Robinson R.S., Seddon R. End-Hall ion source // J. Vac. Sci. Technol. – 1987. – Vol. A5, ʋ 4. – P. 2081 –2084.
5. ɋɜɢɪɢɧ ȼ.Ɍ., .ɋɬɨɝɧɢɣ Ⱥ.ɂ. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɬɨɪɰɨɦ ɢ ɚɧɨɞɨɦ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ // ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ. – 2005. – ʋ4. – ɋ. 85-88.
6. ɋɜɢɪɢɧ ȼ.Ɍ., .ɋɬɨɝɧɢɣ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɯɨɥɥɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ
ɬɨɪɰɨɦ // ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ. – 1996. – ʋ5. – ɋ. 103-106.
STATIONAR GAS PLASMA SOURCE OF HEAVY IONS WITH CLOSED ELECTRON DRIFT
S.V. Shariy, V.A. Seroshtanov, V.B. Yuferov, O.S. Druy, V.V. Yegorenkov, E.V. Rybas
National Science Center "Kharkov Institute of Physics&Technology"
61108, Akademicheskaya str, 1, Kharkov, Ukraine
The construction and experimental research output of stationary gas plasma source of heavy ions with closed electron drift have been
produced. The gas block in the source is made as hollow body of conical form. This allows to make a supplement area of ion
formation carried out from borders of acceleration area. The workgas expense have been vary within 3 to 20 sm3/min, and vacuum
camera pressure have been vary within 1·10-4 to 8·10-4 Ɍɨrr. The current-voltage characteristics of source, ion current and plasma
discharge current were measured. The measurement of ion currents on axial and radial collectors shown in preference the radial
current 1 A, however the axial current make up 30 mA. The amenity of plasma source for demonstration-imitating separator
experiments has been considered.
KEY WORDS: plasma separator, holl plasma source, electron’s drift, ion current, highfrequency pulsing.