1. ɈȻɓɂȿɋȼȿȾȿɇɂəɈȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊȺɏ Ⱥɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ (ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ 1,2 ɤɝɦ3, ɛɚɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ 101,34 ɤɉɚ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ +20°ɋ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ 50%). Ⱦɥɹɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯɜɨɡɞɭɯɢɝɚɡ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɢɦɟɟɬɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɭɸɫɹɨɬ 1,2 ɤɝɦ3, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɨȽɈɋɌ10616-90. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɨɬ -400ɋ ɞɨ +2000ɋ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ: ɚ) ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɩɪɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ t0ɋ: ρ = ρɧ 293 273 + t ɤɝɦ3, ɝɞɟ ρɧ = 1,2 ɤɝɦ3 - ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɞɥɹɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɩɪɢ t = 200ɋ; ɛ) ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ N ɢɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Pvɢ Pdvɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɹɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. ɄɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜɞɚɧɵɩɨȽɈɋɌ 5976-90. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɨɫɟɜɵɯɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ - ɩɨȽɈɋɌ 11442-90. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɤɪɵɲɧɵɯɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ - ɩɨȽɈɋɌ 24814-81. Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ - ɩɨȽɈɋɌ 15150-90. ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɥɢɝɚɡɨɩɚɪɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯɫɦɟɫɟɣ. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɛɪɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 2 ɦɦɫ. Ɋɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɥɟɜɨɝɨɢɩɪɚɜɨɝɨɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɵɦɢɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɦɢ, ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɦɢɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɜɥɸɛɨɟɢɡɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɪɢɫ.1. ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵɐ9-55 ʋʋ 10; 12,5 ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɪ00, ɉɪ900, Ʌ00, Ʌ900. ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ - ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ, ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ, ɟɫɥɢɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɥɟɜɨɝɨɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ - ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ, ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟɤɨɥɟɫɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ, ɟɫɥɢɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɢɫ. 1 ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȽɈɋɌ10616-90, ɪɚɜɧɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɤɜɞɦ. ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ 5 ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɪɟɦɧɢ, ɲɤɢɜɵ, ɪɚɦɚ, ɫɚɥɚɡɤɢ, ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ. ȼɢɛɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɬɨɪɵɞɥɹɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɡɚɤɚɡɭɡɚɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸɩɥɚɬɭ. ɉɨɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɸɡɚɜɨɞɚɢɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Q – ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɭ, ɬɵɫ. ɦ3ɱɚɫ Pv – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɧɨɟ, ɉɚ Psv – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɉɚ Pdv – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɉɚ N – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ, ɤȼɬ Nn – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ, ɤȼɬ η – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜ ɞɨɥɹɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ u – ɨɤɪɭɠɧɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɦɫ n – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɨɛɦɢɧ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɟɞɢɧɢɰɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, Q Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Pv, Psv, Pdv ɦ3ɫ ɥɫ ɦ3ɱɚɫ ɉɚ, ɇɦ2 1 103 3,6ɯ103 9,81 ɦɦɜɨɞ. ɫɬ. ɤɝɫɦ2 1 Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, N, Nn ɦɦɪɬ. ɫɬ. ɤɝɫɫɦ2, ɚɬɦ. ɛɚɪ ȼɬ, ɇɦɫ, Ⱦɠɫ ɤȼɬ ɥɫ 7,36ɯ10-2 10-4 9,81ɯ10-6 1 10-3 1,36ɯ10-3 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜɩɨɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ȼɊ 300-45, ȼɐ 14-46, ȼɊ 15-45 ȼɐ 4-75, ȼɐ 4-70 ȼɊ 6-28, ȼɊ 132-30, ȼȼȾ ȼɊ 100-45, ȼɐɉ 7-40, ȼɐɉ 5-45, ȼɉɐ 6-45 ȼɈ 14-320, ȼɈ 06-300 ȼɊ 12-26 ȼɐ 5-35, ȼɐ 5-45, ȼɐ 5-50 ȼɄɊɆ ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣɞɥɹɡɚɦɟɧɵ ȼɊ 280-46 ȼɊ 80-75, ȼɊ 86-77 ȼɊ 120-28 ȼɊɉ 115-45 ȼɈ 12-330 ȼɊ 240-26 ȼɊ 5-35, ȼɊ 5-45, ȼɊ 5-50 ȼɄɊ Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ (ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ), ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɞɜɚɜɢɞɚ: ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɟ) ɢ ɨɫɟɜɵɟ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ: • ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɨ 1000 ɉɚ (ɞɨ 100 ɤɝɫɦ2); • ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ - ɨɬ 1000 ɉɚɞɨ 3000 ɉɚ (ɨɬ 100 ɤɝɫɦ2ɞɨ 300 ɤɝɫɦ2); • ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ - ɫɜɵɲɟ 3000 ɉɚ (ɫɜɵɲɟ 300 ɤɝɫɦ2). Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 1. Ɇɚɪɤɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ, ɞɵɦɨɫɨɫɚ : ȼɊ (ɐ) – ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ (ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ) ȼɈ- ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɫɟɜɨɣ ȼɋ- ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɫɬɪɭɣɧɵɣ ȼɄɊ- ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɤɪɵɲɧɵɣɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ȼɊɉ –ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɩɵɥɟɜɨɣ Ⱦ –ɞɵɦɨɫɨɫ ȼȾɇ- ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɞɭɬɶɟɜɨɣɧɚɡɚɞɡɚɝɧɭɬɵɟɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ 2. ɋɬɨɤɪɚɬɧɚɹɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 3. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɛɵɫɬɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ 4. ɇɨɦɟɪ (ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɤɨɥɟɫɚɜɞɦ (1ɞɦ=100ɦɦ)) 5. ɋɯɟɦɚɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ 01 – 1 ɫɯɟɦɚɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟɤɨɥɟɫɨɧɚɜɚɥɭ) 02 – 5 ɫɯɟɦɚɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɤɥɢɧɨɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ) 03 – 3 ɫɯɟɦɚɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɯɨɞɨɜɚɹɱɚɫɬɶ) 6. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɩɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ - ɢɡɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɣɫɬɚɥɢ ɀ - ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɢɡɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɣɫɬɚɥɢ Ʉ - ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɢɡɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣɫɬɚɥɢ Ʉɀ - ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɢɡɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣɫɬɚɥɢ ȼɊ - ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟɢɡɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ȼɀ - ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɢɡɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ȼɄ - ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɢɡɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣɫɬɚɥɢ ȼɄɀ - ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɢɡɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣɫɬɚɥɢ ȼȺ - ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟɢɡɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɵɯɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ. 7. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɢɭɝɨɥɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɭɥɢɬɤɢ Ʌ0– ɥɟɜɨɝɨɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɉɪ0– ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 8. Ɇɚɪɤɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1. ȼɊ 280-46-5 ȼɊ, ɉɪ0, ȺɂɆ160S4 (15 ɤȼɬ, 1500 ɨɛɦɢɧ.) «ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ȼɊ 280-46 ɧɨɦɟɪ 5, ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɭɝɨɥ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɭɥɢɬɤɢ 0 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ, ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶȺɂɆ160S4, 15 ɤȼɬ, 1500 ɨɛɦɢɧ.» 2. ȼɊ 80-75-10-02ɄɅ0, ȺɂɊ160Ɇ8 (11ɤȼɬ, 750 ɨɛɦɢɧ) «ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ȼɊ 80-75 ɧɨɦɟɪ 10,ɫɯɟɦɚɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ 5, ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɣɢɡɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣɫɬɚɥɢ, ɥɟɜɨɝɨɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɭɝɨɥɪɚɡɜɨɪɨɬɚɭɥɢɬɤɢ 0 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶȺɂɊ160Ɇ8, 11ɤȼɬ,750 ɨɛɦɢɧ.»