Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ – Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ Bi/Cu ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɨɟɜ Bi ɢ Cu 2 12 20 30 40 60 Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɦɤɦ Bi – 300, Cu – 60 Bi – 50, Cu – 10 Bi – 30, Cu – 6 Bi – 20, Cu – 4 Bi – 15, Cu – 3 Bi – 10, Cu – 2 ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ, ɝ/ɫɦ2 0,348 0,348 0,348 0,348 0,348 0,348 ɄɷɋiɈi ɄɷV2 90 85 90 86 91 87 82 78 80 88 76 91 ɂɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɜɢɫɦɭɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɞɢ (ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ (360 ɦɤɦ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɯ ɬɨɥɳɢɧ ɜɢɫɦɭɬɚ (300 ɦɤɦ) ɢ ɦɟɞɢ (60 ɦɤɦ) ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ) ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɋiɈi-ɬɢɩɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ V2-ɬɢɩɚ. ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ 1 Ʉɭɥɚɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ. Ɇ. Ʉɭɥɚɤɨɜ [ɢ ɞɪ.] – Ɇ.: ɋɨɜ. ɪɚɞɢɨ, 1980. – 224 ɫ. 2 Ʌɚɞɵɝɢɧ, ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ / ȿ.Ⱥ. Ʌɚɞɵɝɢɧ – Ɇ.: Ɇɂɋɢɋ, 2003. – 111 ɫ. 3 Spratt, J.P. Effectiveness of IC shielded packages against space radiation [Text] / J.P. Spratt [et al.] // IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. – 1997. – V. 44. – P. 2018-2025. ɍȾɄ 621.357.7 ȼ.ɋ. ɒɟɧɞɸɤɨɜ; Ʌ.ɋ. ɐɵɛɭɥɶɫɤɚɹ, ɤɚɧɞ. ɯɢɦ. ɧɚɭɤ (ɇɂɂ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ȻȽɍ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ) ɆɈȾɂɎɂɐɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɅɂɌȺ ɂ ɈɉɌɂɆɂɁȺɐɂə ɍɋɅɈȼɂɃ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɈɋȺɀȾȿɇɂə ɉɈɄɊɕɌɂɃ Ni–Fe Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɰɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦɢ 22 ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɋȼɑ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ, ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɨɤ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ. ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ Ni–Fe ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɛɟɥɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɢɡ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɠɭɯɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ [1]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ Ni–Fe ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ Fe(II) ɜ Fe(III), ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ [2]. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ Ni–Fe ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ, ɫ ɞɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɛɚɪɛɨɬɚɠ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ Fe(II) ɜ Fe(III) ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ Ni–Fe ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ Fe(II) ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ [3]. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ Ni–Fe ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ, ɛɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɩɢɬɬɢɧɝɚ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɨɫɚɠɞɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɮɨɥɶɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɶɸ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɥɢɬɚ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 20-25 ɦɤɦ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɝ/ɥ: NiSO4·7H2O – 210, NiCl2·6H2O – 20, FeSO4·7H2O – 5-25, MgSO4 – 60, H3BO3 – 30, KNaC4H4O6·4H2O – 30, ɫɚɯɚɪɢɧ – 2, ɪɇ 2,1. Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ: ɤɚɬɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ 2025 ɦȺ/ɫɦ2, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 30-40 ɨɋ, ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɢ RH basic 2 IKAMAG ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 1330 ɨɛ./ɦɢɧ; ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 30 ɦɢɧ-1; ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 35 Ƚɰ ɜ ɜɚɧɧɟ Bandelin Sonorex. Ʉɚɬɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɫɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɫɬɚɬɚ-ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɉɂ–50 Pro, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ Fe(ǿǿǿ) ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ 23 ɫɭɥɶɮɨɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɫ Fe(ǿǿǿ) ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬɺɦɧɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤ ɚɥɢɤɜɨɬɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ (1 ɦɥ) ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ 1 ɦɥ 10 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɫɚɥɢɰɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɮɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ Aztec Energy Advanced X-Max 80 (Oxford Instruments ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ). ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ ~ -650 ɦȼ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. ȼ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɬ -820 ɞɨ -960 ɦȼ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ (ɪɢɫ. 1, ɤɪɢɜɵɟ 2 ɢ 3). Ɋɨɫɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ -960 ɦȼ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ȿɤɪ < -1040 ɦȼ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɵɯɥɵɣ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ, ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɫɵɩɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ ɛɵɥ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ ȿɤɪ (iɪɚɛ.= 20-40 ɦȺ/ɫɦ2). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ, ɛɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɩɢɬɬɢɧɝɚ, ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 30 ɦɢɧ-1, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ ɩɭɡɵɪɶɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɫ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɦ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ Ni–Fe ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ Ni(II) ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ 10-30 ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ Fe(II) [4]. ɂɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 2 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ FeSO4 ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɟ ɨɬ 5 ɞɨ 25 ɝ/ɥ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɨɬ 22,4 ɞɨ 44,6 ɚɬ. %. (ɪɢɫ. 2). Fe(II) ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɨɦ, ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ, ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɧɨɞɟ. ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ Fe(III) ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ Fe(II) ɜ Fe(III) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ: ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. 24 Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ʉɚɬɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ (1), ɩɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ (2), ɜ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ (3) Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 – Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ Ni–Fe ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ Fe(II) ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɟ ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɟ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe (ɪɢɫ. 3). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ -100 – -550 ɦȼ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Fe(III), ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɟ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ Fe(III), ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 3). ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ Fe(III) ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ 2-ɵɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ, ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ – ɧɚ 10 ɫɭɬɤɢ, ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 60 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ Fe(III) ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟ-ɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɮɚɡ Fe(Ɉɇ)2 ɢ Fe(Ɉɇ)3 ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ Ni–Fe ɛɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɩɢɬɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɨɤɚ 20–40 ɦȺ/ɫɦ2. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɨɞɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 30 ɦɢɧ-1. 25 Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3 – Ʉɚɬɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ (1) ɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ (2) ɢ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ (3) ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 2 ɝ/ɥ ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɚɪɛɨɬɚɠɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 2 ɝ/ɥ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ Ni–Fe, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ Ni–Fe ɛɟɡ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɩɢɬɬɢɧɝɚ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ 1 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɥɺɧɤɢ. Ʌ. Ɏ. ɂɥɶɸɲɟɧɤɨ, Ɇ. ɍ. ɒɟɥɟɝ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ȼɨɥɬɭɲɤɢɧ. – Ɇɢɧɫɤ: ɇɚɭɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ. – 1979. – ɋ. 119. 2 J. Bielinski, J. Przyluski. Modification of solution composition in the electro-chemical deposition of Ni–Fe alloy films // Surface Technology.– 1979. – Vol. 9.– P. 65–75. 3 ɋɩɥɚɜɵ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ // ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ. ɉ. Ɇ. ȼɹɱɟɫɥɚɜɨɜ. – Ʌ.: Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, 1977. – ɋ. 48 – 64. 4 J. Bielinski, J. Przyluski. Selected problems in the continuous electrodeposition of Ni-Fe alloys // Surface Technology. –1979. Vol. 9. – P. 53–64. 26