Джин Хэнсон1 и Кеннет Стрит2 1 2 Международный НИИ животноводства (ILRI), Аддис-Абеба, Эфиопия Международный центр сельскохозяйственных исследований в аридных зонах (ICARDA), Алеппо, Сирия (Lathyrus sativus L.) Fabaceae. ! 150 L. sativus ) ) '. * -. , 20 90 2 , 7 – 6 6 - ! ' 3–5! 9 & 8 (. < !' ) 6 –. ) ' ) 9 -9 '( ) & , – 6 ' , !' . , 8 ' , ' , 9 , !' ! '( ' (. C ' 6 9 & 9 ) ' , & ! . 30%. '( &)7 ' , '( (Duke 1981). , ) '( 9 , 1 )! 9 . ; 9 - B )+ 7 '( ' ) & '( . .5 ' & ) & ) , 0& )! ' , ! ! + / ' Lathyrus &) ' – ' ( (Rahman et al. 1995) )7 ', ' !' ( . !+ , K & ) & ( ' 9 9 8 ) 50 ) 2 9 ! 2 9 6 ) &8 8 8 ( 6 & ! & & ) ) ) 7 '( 8 ) & 6 9 .V ) !W ) 8 6 20 &8 . ) ). L ' – 75% (FAO/IPGRI 1994). '( & & , ! 90% ( '( . 5 , . 6 6 ) & 1000 ( 6 ' 8 & '( ! 7 150 9 8 & &8 ) ( U ! ' 8 6 !' ! ) , 80 – 100 &8 6 , ) + ( 6 ! & .X 9 ' ! '( . &8 ) ' . ) '! , ) 13º,, U & ! K 6 ' ', &! 9 ) 3 ) ( )9 ' '( . , ) & '7 ' ) !' ' '! & B 9 V 6 9 , 6 ' 9 &! 6 , 6 '( , 300 . 9 ' 7 ' ', ' )+ ( , 9 ) . 7 ) 9 ( '( ! ' ! '( , & ! , !' &! 6 6 ) ). ! , ) ! ( 7 6 7 ) 9 9 6 & , 9 . , & !' & 7 )( , & . 2 " , C ), 2 (5 × 2 ) , ) !' 9 & ( 80 – 100 ( 10–15 )( 6 ) 10 – 20 100 – 150 20 6 + , !' & 8 , ! 6 , ) &8 ! & 8 + , ! * ) 6 30 – 50 . ) ! 10 . 2). '( 6 ) + & ( & 6 ) ! 6 ) &8' & )9 ( 8 & 9 & , & + + 6 ). V ! ' ) )9 ( . , & 6 8 ' ' ! &8 . " – 1. , ) ' ' 6 ) ), ) '/ . * , 7 8 6 ).* 6 – 6 ) ) ). 2. 2 6 ) ) ) 3. L 6 ) 4. , ! 6 ' !' ) 6 ) ) )9 &8 . 6 7 : 6 ' !' ', 2–5 6 ) 9 )! , . 10 – 20 )9 . 5. U ! ) 6. U ' ! ' ' ( & ! 9 – 1. , " + & ) )9 )9 ( 9 !) # 7 (U , . 3). C 8 ) ! 7 + 10 – 20 ( '/ . ) ) , 7 ( 7. ]) , ) + ( ' 6 &8 ( . . $% )! 25°C 12- (ISTA 2008). 2. 2 9 7 , 7 3. V 4. b & ) , ! 7 ) ! 5. U ' &8 6 . . ) &' ' ) + , . ' + ) 8 , ( , !' ' !' !( 8). 6 , . 3 6. U 6 ' & )( ) 6 ' 10 & 7 ) '. U ' ' ' B 6 . 7. V & '7 , ( ) 8. ) 6 ) , &! 6 6 ) 9 9 & 2 – 6 9 ) 10 ' ), ) ) 8 , 6 ! ) ) .K 9 !' 100 – 150 6 ! . U 6 , ) B ' & , )9 . 6 , ) 6 ) . , ) ' ) ), ) & ) )9 ) ' 9 , !( 10 – 20 6 .U K ,9 . U 6 ) ) 6 6 . 1 & ) ! !) 6 ) & ' 8 6 ' + '( 8 ! & ! , ) . . /9 ). U 8 . . 50 –60 9 N/9 & ) . ) ) . , ) (100 9 ( ( 7 9 . $% & C ( )+ ' 6 ) ) 9 ) 10 – 20 C ( , B & 4 ' ). , . 8 ' ' , ) ) ) ) ) )! , 9 ( ' ' , ) ! ( ) & . , 6 '! . ( ) ) & ) ! & 9 6 !' 6 9 – 8 ! 9 8 .K . C & 8 . 4 X ' 9 ! ' ! (Botrytis sp.), 6 & , 6 + (Uromyces fabae), ) ) ) , ) 9 (Erysiphe polygoni) 6 (Peronospora lathi-palustris) (Duke 1981; Smartt et al. 1994). ! ) ( &), '&' ) Mycosphaerella pinodes (Skiba et al. 2004). & 9 ' + ) & (! 9 '. V & 6 .) 9 8 ! ! !' & ) ' & 7 . $ 2 9 !) ! ! 6 ( !) ! ) ) 9 , ' U ! 7 ! !', & (Kay 1979) ( . 4). ) 7 ( 6 ! ', ! , , !) ! !) ( ! 6 ! & ) ( ' &8 !) ) & )( 7 , )6 9 ( ' ! ! . 6 + 7 )B & X! ! !) ) )( ) ) & ! &8 , ! !' 6 ' . <) 6 9 ' 6 ' ' + , ) + & 9 ) . ! ! , ) !' !( '( ) & ' , ) ) )7 9 6 ' / ! C ! !' & &8 , ) ! B ! 7 9 (, !' ( ! ' ) 8 ' ! 7 ' 2 9 6 ' / 9 , !' ! ) 7 B &8' ! ! , . 7 6 ) ! . ) 1. , + 2. 1& & 3. , ! )& ' 6 ' ) 6 ) , '! 9 '( ) ) 6 ' ! ' 9 , ) 6 &! 6 8 ) ) ) ' + + 9 ' , ! 8 . X ! & , . ' , ' '( . , & , . 5 4. , 6 !) 9 ! 6 B ' ' 6 '! 6 ! 9 , & !' ) 7. * 6 ! 6 ,–& 6 ' !( ' &) 9 ( ( ' )7 9 ( ' ! & , 15°,, ) 6 ( 9 ( 3 – 7%. 8. , & & '( )7 ' )6 9 ) ! ' & ' ' 9 ) ! 6 & 6 & ! 5 – 10°,, &) 9 6 ) 8 !) 2 9)! 6 ! K& ! ' sativus, !' + ) ) )( & . ! '+ , ! ' & ( ) B ) 9)! ) . ! . V ) 6 ! ) + & ! , ! ' , 6 9 . ) & ' & ' )9 & Lathyrus B ) 6 ) 8 6 6 + 7 , , ) + 9 ), ' ' 9 , , 6 ' (ISTA 2008). U 9 ' ( & ' ' 8 ' ' . & , , . k 6 & & ) . )( & 8 ' -18°,. ' !) ! B 9 – ( 9 ' ' . 2 ' % 9 ( & ! ( ) & ! &8 , ! ' 9 ( ( 6 . * 6 & . 2 ! . * & ! 9 ' ( & ', ! ' &) 6 9 6 & ', ) ' + & &) ) ' 9 ) 9. V 9 6 9 7 9 ( ' . & .V . 10. K 9 ', !) ) ( ' 5! )8 . 6 5 6 ( ' & 9 & 8. * ) '( ) & & 9) & , ) 9 . , '( 6 9 , ! 9 9 !( ' )7 ' ' .* ! . ! & . U ( & 6 ) + 6. V & 7 )6 , 5. U ' &8 ( ) ( ( 6 6 . '7 ). ) & ) ' L. ) 6 . 6 C ' & ' – 8 !) ! ' 7 2001). V , ' 100 , ' , ( ) '( ! ) ' (Brahim et al. ) & ! & ( ) 8 . * ! L. annuus X , ' L. aphaca X , ' L. articulatus X , ' L. cicera X , ' L. hirsutus X , ' L. latifolius L 9 U ' L. nissolia X , ' L. ochrus X , ' L. ordoratus X U )+ ' L. sativus X , ' L. setifolius X , ' L. sylvestris L 9 U ' L. tingitanus X L. tuberosus L , 9 ' U ' 1 5 : Brahim et al. (2001) 9 ( ) ( ) ! !' ' , ', ( ) , B ! ) , 9 , ! 9 ! !' ) ) . " + ! X! 7 , , &8' ' & Yunus 1984). X X 8 X ! ! 5& ! ' ( & ' 8 , ! ! & ) (Jackson and , : . 5) X U 9 8 ! 7 % K 8 & 6 C & & . ,9 1 ) V ) ' C , 7 9 6 . 8 . 8 ' : /GPS '( / &8 , ! / 1 ) +) & / ! + 8' ' ' ) 8 ) V ' V ' 7 ) + & 9 6 9 ( ! ! ) V 6 V ' )( )& ( ! 5 )6 U ( & ,& + '( ' 7 ( ! V )! 2 )! & ) 9 ) ' , ! -. , ' 8 ( 2 L , , ' ,! ! . .) . .) & 7 7 ( ) '( 8 6 ! '( 6 , 9 ! &8 ' ' ! (& &8 9 ! '( . ! &8 , 8 '( ' ) U )! ' 8 ) ' ! Brahim NB, Combes D, Marrakchi M. 2001. Autogamy and allogamy in genus Lathyrus. Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter 2:21–26. Duke JA. 1981. Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance. Plenum Press, New York, USA. pp. 199–265. FAO/IPGRI. 1994. Genebank Standards. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetics Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. Available from: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/424.pdf. Date accessed: 16 August 2008. ISTA. 2008. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association. ISTA Secretariat, CH-Switzerland. Jackson MT, Yunus AG. 1984. Variation in the grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and wild species. Euphytica 33:549–559. 8 Kay D. 1979. Food legumes. Tropical Development and Research Institute (TPI). TPI Crop and Product Digest No. 3, 26–47. London, UK. Rahman MM, Kumar J, Rahman MA, Afzal MA. 1995. Natural ' in Lathyrus sativus L. Indian Journal of Genetics 55:204–207. Skiba B, Ford R, Pang ECK. 2004. Construction of a linkage map based on a Lathyrus sativus backcross population and preliminary investigation of QTLs associated with resistance to ascochyta blight. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 109:1726–1735. Smartt J, Kaul A, Wolde Amlak Araya, Rahman MM, Kearney J. 1994. Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) as a potentially safe food legume crop. In: Muehlbauer FJ, Kaiser WJ, editors. Expanding the Production and Use of Cool Season Food Legumes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. pp. 144–155. C + L ) ) 7 (Prem Mathur), Bioversity Muehlbauer), , )6! ( & ! ! B ) International, ( & 0 ) ) , & 1 ( ; 6 9 8 ~.V6. '( ,•0 (USDA-ARS), ,•0; '( )) , L U ! )B V K - & (F.J. 9 (William Erskine), ; (CLIMA), 5 / . ', Hanson J. and Street K. 2008. ) & 6 . . K: Dulloo M.E., Thormann I., Jorge M.A. and Hanson J., editors. Crop specific regeneration guidelines [CD-ROM]. CGIAR System-wide Genetic Resource Programme, Rome, Italy. 11 pp. 9 1- ; ' Jean Hanson/ILRI 2- V ILRI Yanpei Wu/ILRI 3- U ' ) ) Yanpei Wu/ILRI 4- / ' ! !' ' ! ) 6 Yanpei Wu/ILRI 5- & ! & 8 ' Yanpei Wu/ILRI 10 / 11