Ⱦɪɨɧɶ Ɉ.ȼ. Ɉɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɹɛɱɭɤ Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ Ⱥ.ɘ.

Ⱦɪɨɧɶ Ɉ.ȼ.1, Ɉɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ.2, Ɋɹɛɱɭɤ Ⱦ.ȼ.1, ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ Ⱥ.ɘ.1
(1ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ
Ⱥ.ɉ.Ʉɚɪɩɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ (ȼɋȿȽȿɂ), ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, e-mail: olega.spb@mail.ru;
2
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ȼ.Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ (ɆȽɍ), ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, e-mail: ogorodov@aha.ru)
Ɋɨɥɶ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ
Dron’ O.V.1, Ogorodov S.A.2, Ryabchuk D.V.1, Sergeev A.Yu.1
(1A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), St. Petersburg; 2 M.V.
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow)
Role of sea-ice in exogenous geodynamics
of the Eastern Gulf of Finland coastal zone
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɥɟɞɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɚɛɪɚɡɢɹ, ɷɤɡɚɪɚɰɢɹ, ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɡɚɥɢɜɚ
ɇɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ
ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɹ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɭɸ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɸ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ,
ɬɚɤ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ [1]. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɨ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɝ. ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɟ, ɍɫɬɶ-Ʌɭɝɟ,
ɩɨɫ. Ȼɪɨɧɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɜ 2016 ɝ. ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ Ʉɭɪɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ.
ȼ 1990-ɯ ɝɝ. ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ Ƚɍ «ȺȺɇɂɂ» ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɷɤɡɚɪɚɰɢɢ (ɩɪɨɩɚɯɢɜɚɧɢɹ) ɞɧɚ ɬɨɪɨɫɚɦɢ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɚɜɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ 1973 ɝ. [2, 3].
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɎȽɍɉ «ȼɋȿȽȿɂ» ɫ 2004 ɝ.
ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ
ɫɭɛɚɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ (ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ, ɦɧɨɝɨɥɭɱɟɜɨɟ ɷɯɨɥɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɵ ɫ
ɨɬɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɛ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɩɥɹɠɟɣ, ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ
(ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɟɧɧɟ-ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜ) ɢ ɝɟɨɪɚɞɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɩɥɹɠɟɣ [4, 5]. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ
ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵ86
ɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ (Ʉɭɪɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ) ɢ ɸɠɧɨɣ (ɪɚɣɨɧ ɩɨɫ.
Ʌɟɛɹɠɶɟ – Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɂɠɨɪɚ) ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɤ Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɫɭɛɚɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ
ɛɨɥɟɟ 1200 ɤɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȽɅȻɈ ɢ ɷɯɨɥɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɟɬɢ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ, ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 10 ɦ).
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɵɜ
ɤɪɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ – ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɥɨɠɛɢɧɵ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɧɨɫ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ. Ʌɨɠɛɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɶɹ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɪɚɫ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ ɨɬ 8 ɞɨ 12 ɦ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 450 ɤ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ
(ɫ ɋȼ ɧɚ ɘɁ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɶɹɯ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ, ɫ ɘȼ ɧɚ ɋɁ – ɜ
ɫɭɛɚɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ), ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ 1–2 ɦ, ɲɢɪɢɧɭ 10–15 ɦ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɞɨ 300–400 ɦ. Ⱦɧɨ ɥɨɠɛɢɧ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɨ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨ-ɝɪɭɛɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɩɟɫɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɪɢɮɟɥɹɦɢ (ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɪɟɛɧɹɦɢ 50–70 ɫɦ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɚɥɢɤɨɜ 20–25 ɫɦ). Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɧɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɵ ɥɟɞɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɡɚɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɧɚ ɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧ
2–3 ɦ.
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ. ɇɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ Ʉɭɪɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ
0.5 ɦ/ɝɨɞ, ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 0.8–1.0 ɦ/ɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɹɞɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɜ ɩɨɫ. ɍɲɤɨɜɨ,
Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɨ, Ɋɟɩɢɧɨ, ɧɚ ɦ. Ⱦɭɛɨɜɫɤɨɣ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ (ɞɨ 1.2 ɦ/ɝɨɞ) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝ. Ɂɟɥɟɧɨɝɨɪɫɤɚ. ɉɟɫɱɚɧɵɟ ɩɥɹɠɢ
ɩɨɫ. ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɟ – ɝ. ɋɟɫɬɪɨɪɟɰɤɚ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɸɠɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫ. Ʌɟɛɹɠɶɟ – Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɂɠɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɨɪɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ɢ
ɡɨɧ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɤɨɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɧɢɹ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɫɬɭɩɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 5 ɦ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɲɬɨɪɦ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɧɚɝɨɧɚɦ. ɇɚ ɸɠɧɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɥɢɜ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɟɛɟɧɶ ɤɨɫɵ (ɚɜɚɧɞɸɧɵ). Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [6].
ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɶɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɜɨɹɤɢɦ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɟɬɪɚɦɢ) ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɵɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɢɩɚɣ,
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ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɧɞɸɧ, ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
(ɫ 2004 ɝ.) ɧɚɜɚɥɵ ɥɶɞɚ, ɢɦɟɜɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ 2008 ɝ. (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɝɨ ɐȽɆɋɪ,
ɡɢɦɨɣ 2008 ɝ. ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɨ
ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ȼ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɨ 16–18 ɦ/ɫ.
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ 2–3 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɪɵɜɵ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɢ 20–24 ɦ/ɫ. ȼ ɋ.ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɢɦɚ 2008 ɝ. ɛɵɥɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɣ ɡɚ
ɜɫɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɝɨɞɨɣ ɜ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ (ɫ 1881 ɝ.). ɉɪɢɩɚɣ ɧɚ
ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ, ɧɚɜɚɥɵ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɜɭɱɢɣ ɥɟɞ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɶɞɚ ɧɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚ (ɩɨɫ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɨ). 12 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2008 ɝ.
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɢɦɧɢɟ ɲɬɨɪɦɵ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɥɹɠɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɣ
ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɥɨɧ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɥɟɞ ɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ
ɩɥɹɠɟɣ ɨɬ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜ. Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɥɶɞɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɸ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɧɨɹɛɪɟ – ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɩɪɢɩɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɸ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɩɥɹɠɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɢɦɵ 2014–2015
ɝɝ. ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɜɚɥɵ ɥɶɞɚ ɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯ ɜɞɨɥɶɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɜɚɥɨɜ
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(ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 40–70 ɦ ɨɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ). ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɶɫɤɢɯ ɲɬɨɪɦɚɯ (3–4 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɪɵɜɚɯ ɞɨ 12–19 ɦ/ɫ; 13 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ – ɞɨ 13–20 ɦ/ɫ; 14 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ – ɞɨ 12–18 ɦ/ɫ)
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɧɚɜɚɥɚ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɲɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3 ɦ, ɜ ɬɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɪɟɝ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2. ɇɚɜɚɥ ɥɶɞɚ ɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɫ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɨ
(ɹɧɜɚɪɶ 2015 ɝ.)
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ 14-0500408ɚ).
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
1. Ɉɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɥɶɞɨɜ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ.
Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ. Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, 2011. 173 ɫ.
2. Ⱦɪɚɛɤɢɧ ȼ.ȼ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɜɚɥɨɜ ɥɶɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɨɧɚɯ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ) // Ɍɪɭɞɵ ȺȺɇɂɂ. 1978. Ɍ. 354. ɋ. 89–96.
3. Ⱦɪɚɛɤɢɧ ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɟɞɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ.
ȼɵɩ. 5. ɗɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɂ.ɇ. Ⱦɚɜɢɞɚɧɚ ɢ Ɉ.ɉ. ɋɚɜɱɭɤɚ. ɋɉɛ.: Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ, 1997. ɋ. 193–225.
4. Ɋɹɛɱɭɤ Ⱦ.ȼ., Ʉɨɥɟɫɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ., ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ Ⱥ.ɘ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱥɛɪɚɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ // Ƚɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ.
2012. ʋ 4. ɋ. 99–105.
5. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨ-ɲɟɥɶɮɨɜɵɯ ɡɨɧ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ, Ȼɟɥɨɝɨ ɢ Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɜ 2012 ɝ. /
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ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɉ.ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʌɵɝɢɧɚ. ɋɉɛ.: Ʉɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ
ȼɋȿȽȿɂ, 2013. 112 ɫ.
6. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ ɂ. Ɉ., Ɋɹɛɱɭɤ Ⱦ. ȼ., ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ Ⱥ. ɘ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɏɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ) // Ɉɤɟɚɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ. 2015. Ɍ. 55. ʋ 1. ɫ. 147–158.
In frame of monitoring of geological environment of the Eastern Gulf of Finland
and RFBR project 14-05-00408 the assessment of sea-ice impact on the coastal
zone was carried out. The traces of ice plough were fixed on the bottom surface
up to the water depth 3 m. The effect of ice impact on coastal erosion is twofold: the ice piling can damage coastal dunes and buildings; on the other hand
the formation of solid ice protects the beaches from winter storms and floods.
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