. 1. 2. : : 3. 4. 5. : ! 1932 . (Claude Bernard) (1813-1878) , .” : , , . (Walter Bradford Cannon) (1871-1945) (homeo , ). ; stasis , : • • • • • • ) . – » – » : – , 2 , 2, , ? - 1 m ) "The night before Easter Sunday of that year I awoke, turned on the light, and jotted down a few notes on a tiny slip of thin paper. Then I felt asleep again. It occurred to me at six o'clock in the morning that I had written down something most important, but I was unable to decipher the scrawl. The next night, at three o'clock, the idea returned. It was the design of an experiment to determine whether or not the hypothesis of chemical transmission that I had uttered seventeen years ago was correct. I got up immediately, went to the laboratory, and performed a simple experiment on a frog heart according to the nocturnal design." . ! , , : – . , . ... ) : ) ) , ) ) ) ) : , : , : : (O2 , CO2), , , . : : ); . : Revd Stephen Hales 1733 . : 130 85 » (1905) . . («volume clamp», J. Penaz, 1973) PORTAPES ): » ( . .) : , ) - + ) + ) ) - + - + ) ) ) + ) ) - - + + ) ) ) + ) , , : ( ) .) , , % ) 2-3 .) + + + + I o ) - ) II - - , .) - Na+ K+ ) - - - - I II 1. 2. 3. Na+ - 2 1998 . , ( 1. « 8080- »- »: : : (NO) ) - . XX ) ( NO ( NO ) – – 1,5 – 2 ) ( NO ( – – 1,5 – 2 ) ) NO NO , , , , …) NONO ) , NO ) NO H2S CO , , . : Dead end… - ( ) - - , : , . ) , , . H2S) , : , . ) , , . H2S) : ? 2) - ! , » !! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. : ! , , _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ _______________________ N6 1. 1: ( !) 2. 2: ( !) 3. 3: ( !) : 1. , , : ) ) ) ; ; . 2. : ) ; ) ; ) . 3. , , : )« )« )« , »;; »( ); ».