High Prenuclear Part + Low Rise Meaning Non-final parts of utterances: adverbial phrases enumeration initial subordinate clauses principal clauses formed by the author’s words initial parts of compound sentences Initial Parentheses Incompleteness Initial reporting phrases in reading aloud - incompleteness Reporting Phrases in Reported Speech a common pattern Low Prenuclear Part + Low Rise - - Meaning Falling tone Meaning Fall-Rise Meaning Non-final parts of utter-s Emphasis Contrast Non-final parts of utter-s With not-low ending With low ending Semantic weight Semantic independence Initial Parentheses Weight and importance Initial Parentheses additional emphasis or contrast Initial reporting phrases When it is long in reading aloud Initial reporting phrases Reporting Phrases in Reported Speech Reporting Phrases in Reported Speech contrast Other patterns Short initial parentheses – part of the head or prehead Final and medial parentheses – the tail or part of the nucleus. Smts – a separate int.group Initial reporting phrases – Mid level tone in conversation Final reporting phrases – the tail or part of the nucleus. When long – a separate int.group Rep.Phrases in Reported Speech – part of the head or prehead High Prenuclear Part + Low Rise Meaning Initial Direct Address in informal speech Normal Farewells and greeting “Hallo” Friendly Statements Friendly General & Special Questions Neutral general questions (Mid, Midhigh Rise) Echo Questions (High Narrow Rise) Complex General Questions Requests Low Prenuclear Part + Low Rise Initial Direct Address Meaning Falling tone Meaning Fall-Rise Meaning Other patterns in informal speech Initial Direct Address serious attitude (in formal speech) Initial Direct Address Final and medial D.A. expresses politeness, affection or criticism – the tail or part of the nucleus. Casual formulas perfunctory Normal Greetings, Apologies, exp.of Gratitude Straightforward Statements High Fall - energetic, involved; Mid Fall - neutral, calm, quiet; Low Fall - considered, serious General questions (High Fall) Insistent General Questions (Low Fall) Special Questions Normal Insistent Disjunctive questions Commands High Fall Low Fall neutral Friendly conversational formulas warm and friendly ( in informal sp.), warning, or to single out a person. polite, warm, lively definite, complete, categoric Implicatory Statements warm, lively, encouraging speaker’s interest light, airy or v. v. formal, businesslike Interrogative repetition Simple or combined tune Sincere, Imperatives of friendly all kinds Casual, unimportant Instructions – Mid Fall Requests + please contradiction, correction, contrast, hesitation, apology, cordiality, warning suggestion, offer, invitation Alternative Questions Friendly – Low Rise + Fall Formal – MidHigh Rise + Fall Incomplete – Low Rise + Low Rise Disjunctive questions Uncertainty – Fall+Rise skeptical Certainty – Fall+Fall Energetic, in- Requests sistent Calm, serious, Warnings (Fallcategoric Rise Divided or Undivided) Polite Intonation of different communicative types of utterances Intonation of Questions Type of question Meaning / name of question Intonation contours General Neutral (Genuine), sound light, airy or formal, businesslike Echo Questions or Interrogative Repetitions High Prenuclear Part + Mid /Mid-High Rise Friendly, express interest High prenuclear part + Low Rise Expressing offer, suggestion, invitation High prenuclear part + High Fall Insistent (Sceptical) High Prenuclear part + Low Fall Complex (simple tune) as any simple question Complex (combined tune) Rise + Rise (Low /Mid /Mid-High) Normal (Neutral) High Prenuclear Part + The Falling Tone (High/ Mid/ Low) the nucleus – the last semantically important word. The Falling Tone the nucleus - the interrogative word High Prenuclear Part + Low Rise Special Specifying (Insistent) Disjunctive Alternative Friendly convey speaker’s interest and warm attitude Certainty - the speaker is sure, wants to keep the conversation going Uncertainty - the speaker is not sure High Narrow Rising Tone Fall (High/ Mid/ Low) + Fall (High/ Mid/ Low) Fall (High/ Mid/ Low) + Rise (Low/ Mid/ Mid-High) Formal (Neutral) Questions Mid-High Rise + Fall (High/ Mid/ Low) Friendly Low Rise + Fall (High/ Mid/ Low) Incompleteness Rise + Rise (Low/ Mid/ Mid-High)
