murphy raymond essential grammar in use with answers

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pull-out
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grammar
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p nILL
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pocket
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■
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Essential
Grammar
in Use
A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
elementary
students of
English
T H IR D
EDITI ON
Raymond Murphy
withanswers
Essential
Grammar
A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
elementary
students of
English
with answers
THIRD
EDI TI ON
Raymond Murphy
g g C a m b r id g e
U N IV E R SIT Y PR ESS
www.cambrtdge.org
C A M B R I D G E UNI VE RS I TY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,
Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, M exico City
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521675802
© Cambridge University Press 2007
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 1990
Second edition 1997
Third edition 2007
11th printing 2011
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
ISBN
978-0-521-67580-2
978-0-521-67581-9
978-0-521-67543-7
978-0-521-67544-4
978-0-521-67545-1
978-3-12-539538-1
978-3-12-539536-7
Edition with answers
Edition without answers
Edition with answers and CD-ROM
CD-ROM for Windows (single user)
Network CD-ROM (30 users)
Klett edition with CD-ROM
Klett Edition
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel
timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at
the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee
the accuracy of such information thereafter.
Contents
Thanks vii
To the student
To the teacher
viii
x
Present
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a m /is/a r e
a m /is/a r e (questions)
I am d o in g (present continuous)
are you doing? (present continuous questions)
I d o /w o r k /lik e etc. (present simple)
I d o n ’t ... (present simple negative)
D o you ... ? (present simple questions)
I
a m d o in g (present continuous) and Ido (present simple)
I
have ... and I’ve g o t ...
Past
10 w a s/w ere
11 w o r k e d /g o t/w e n t etc. (past simple)
12 I d id n ’t ...
D id you ... ? (pastsimple negative and questions)
13 I w as d o in g (past continuous)
14 I was d o in g (past continuous) and I did (past simple)
P resent peifect
15 I have d o n e (present perfect 1)
16 I’ve ju st ...
I’ve already ... I haven’t ... yet (present perfect 2)
17 H ave you ever ... ?(present perfect 3)
18 H o w lo n g have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
19 for
since
ago
20 I have d o n e (present perfect) and Idid (past)
Passive
21 is d o n e
was d one (passive 1)
22 is b ein g d o n e
has b een d o n e (passive 2)
Verb fo r m s
23 b e /h a v e /d o in present and past tenses
24 R egular and irregular verbs
F uture
25 W hat are you d o in g tom orrow ?
26 I’m g o in g to ...
27 w ill/sh a ll 1
28 w ill/sh a ll 2
M odals, imperative etc.
29 m ig h t
30 can and cou ld
31 m u st m u stn ’t
d o n ’t n eed to
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE W HICH UNITS TO STUDY. USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 271
32 should
33 I have to ...
34 W ould you like ... ?
I’d like ...
35 D o this! D o n ’t do that!
L et’s do
36 I u sed to ...
this!
There and it
37 there is there are
38 there w a s/w ere
there has/have been
39 It ...
there w ill be
A uxiliary verbs
40
41
42
43
I am , I d o n ’t etc.
H ave you? Are you? D o n ’t you? etc.
to o /e ith e r
so am I / neither do I etc.
isn ’t, haven’t, d o n ’t etc. (negatives)
Questions
44 is it ... ?
have you ... ?
d o they ... ? etc. (questions 1)
45 W ho saw you?
W ho did you see? (questions 2)
46 W h o is she talking to?
W hat is it like? (questions 3)
47 W hat ... ? W hich ... ? H o w ... ?(questions 4)
48 H o w lo n g d oes it take ... ?
49 D o y o u k n ow w here ... ?
Id o n ’t k n ow w hat ... etc.
R eported speech
50 She said that ...
H e told m e that ...
-ing and to ...
51 w o rk /w o rk in g
g o /g o in g
d o /d o in g
52 to ... (I w ant to do) and -in g (I enjoy doing)
53 I w an t you to ...
I told you to ...
54 I w en t to the shop to ...
Go, get, do, m ake and have
55 g o to ...
g o on ...
56 g et
57 do and m ake
58 have
go for ...
go -in g
Pronouns and possessives
59
60
61
62
63
64
iv
I /m e
h e /h im
th e y /th e m etc.
m y /h is/th e ir etc.
W h ose is this? It’s m in e /y o u r s/h e r s etc.
I /m e /m y /m in e
m y self/y o u rself/th em selv es etc.
- ’s (Kate’s camera / m y b rother’s car etc.)
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE W HICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 271.
A a n d th e
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
a /a n ...
train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)
a b o ttle / so m e water (countable/uncountable 1)
a cake / so m e cake / so m e cakes (countable/uncountable 2)
a /a n and the
the ...
g o to w ork go h o m e go to the cin em a
I like m u sic
I hate exam s
the ... (names o f places)
D eterm iners and pronouns
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
th is/th a t/th e se /th o se
o n e /o n e s
so m e and any
n o t + any
no
n on e
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e/a n y th in g
n o b o d y /n o -o n e /n o th in g
so m e b o d y /a n y th in g /n o w h er e etc.
every and all
all
m o st
so m e
any
n o /n o n e
b o th
either neither
a lo t
m u ch
m any
(a) little
(a) few
A djectives and adverbs
85 o ld /n ic e /in te r e stin g etc. (adjectives)
86 q u ick ly /b a d ly /su d d en ly etc. (adverbs)
87 o ld /o ld e r
expensive / m ore expensive
88 older than ...
m ore exp en sive than ...
89 n o t as ... as
90 th e o ld est
the m o st expensive
91 en o u g h
92 to o
Word order
93
94
95
96
H e speaks E nglish very well, (word order 1)
a lw a y s/u su a lly/often etc. (word order 2)
still
y et
already
G ive m e that book!
Give it to m e!
Conjunctions and clauses
97 and
b ut
or
so
becau se
98 W hen ...
99 I f w e g o ...
I f you see ... etc.
100 I f I had ...
I f w e w ent ... etc.
101 a person w h o ...
a thing th a t/w h ich ... (relativeclauses 1)
102 the people w e m e t
the hotel you stayed at (relativeclauses 2)
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE W HICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 271.
V
Prepositions
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
at 8 o ’clo ck
on M onday
in A pril
fro m ... to
until
since
for
b efore
after
during
w h ile
in
at
on (places 1)
in
at
on (places 2)
to
in
at (places 3)
under, beh in d , op p osite etc.
up, over, through etc.
on
at
by
w ith
about
afraid
o f . . . , g o o d at ... etc.
o f/a t/fo r etc.(prepositions) + -in g
listen
to ...
, lo o k at ... etc. (verb + preposition)
Phrasal verbs
114 g o in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1)
115 put o n your shoes
put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)
Appendices
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
Appendix
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Active and passive 243
List o f irregular verbs 244
Irregular verbs in groups 245
Short forms (he’s / I’d / d o n ’t etc.) 246
Spelling 248
Phrasal verbs (take o ff / give up etc.) 250
Phrasal verbs + object (put ou t a fire / give up your jo b etc.)
252
Additional exercises
Study guide
271
Key to Exercises
283
Key to A dditional exercises
Key to Study guide
Index
vi
251
310
313
315
I f YOU ARE NOT SURE W HICH UNITS TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 271.
Thanks
For their help in producing this third edition o f Essential Grammar in Use, I would like to
thank Liz Driscoll, Jessica R oberts and Alison Sharpe. I would also like to thank the teachers
and reviewers from various countries w ho provided m e with feedback on the previous edition.
Illustrations by Kate Charlesworth, R ichard Deverell, Gillian M artin, R oger Penwill,
Lisa Smith, Ian West and Simon Williams
Design by Kamae Design
To the student
(working w ithout a teacher)
This is a gram m ar book for
elem entary students o f English.
There are 115 units in the book and
each unit is about a different point
o f English grammar. There is a list
o f units at the b e gOi n n i n gO
; o f the book
Contents
T h a n k s vii
T o th e s tu d e n t
vi
T o th e te a c h e r
x
3
2
s /a rc
a t n / i s / a re (questions)
.3 I a m d o i n g
(C ontents).
Do not study all the units in order
from beginning to end. It is better to
choose the units that you need to do.
For example, if you have a problem
with the present perfect ( I Im re been,
he has done etc.), study Units 15—20.
Use the C o n te n ts or the In d e x (at the
back o f the book) to find the unit
(or units) that you need.
4
5
6
(present c o n tin u o u s)
a r e y o u d o in g ? (p rese n t c o n tin u o u s questions)
I d o / w o r k /lik e etc, (p resent sim ple)
I d o n ’t . . . (p resent sim ple negative)
7
D o y o u . . . ? (present sim p le questions)
3
I a m d o i n g (p resent C ontinuous) a n d 1 d o (p re se n t sim ple)
9
I h av e . ..
and I ’ve g o t . ..
‘ri»«kr
mow .
?bD . 78-79
any*hon
>Po„ropj,ellM
onoui J
ebovr
a c ,*vc
r f’e-fUjj, ^
J
JJ, Pasm-i
°trou j
V
Vjvrwn
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S'Pl'ttrfrx
7
arrKr l',«c
^* m ris,
.
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**•*"andt;u
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fc<"vt,v
*-«S>K
-o
f
• ,lr
) w3" ""V ; w Kl II
NI
=£s a is « * -* » . **
*06-107
If you are not sure
w hich units you
need to study, use
the S tu d y g u id e at
the back o f the
book.
S tu d y g u id e (pages 2 7 J—2 8 2 )
viii
, ,
■■■i •
Each unit is two pages.
T he inform ation is on
the left-hand page and
the exercises are on the
right:
| Iamdoingfp e c s r n t r o n lm u o m )
Information
Study the left-hand page (information), and then
do the exercises on the right-hand page.
Use the Key to check your answers. T he Key is
on pages 283-309.
Study the left-hand page again if necessary.
D o n ’t forget the seven
A ppendices at the back o f the
book (pages 243—251). These
will give you information
about active and passive forms,
irregular verbs, short forms,
spelling and phrasal verbs.
T here are also A d d itio n a l
exercises at the back o f the
book (pages 252—270).
T here is a list o f these
exercises on page 252.
CD Rom
You can buy this book w ith or w ithout a
C D R o m . O n the C D R o m there are more
exercises on all the units, and these are
different from the exercises in the book.
T here are also m ore than 600 test questions.
f
Exercises
To the teacher
T he m ost im portant features o f this book are:
□ It is a gram m ar book. It does not deal w ith other aspects o f the language.
□ It is for elem entary learners. It does not cover areas o f gramm ar w hich are not normally
taught at elem entary level.
□ It is a reference book with exercises. It is not a course book and is not organised
progressively.
□ It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study.
Organisation o f the book
T here are 115 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area o f grammar. T he
material is organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses, questions and articles. Units are
not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order
appropriate for the learner(s). The book should not be worked through from beginning to end.
T he units are listed in the C o n ten ts and there is a comprehensive In d e x at the end o f the book.
Each unit has the same format consisting o f two facing pages. T he gram m ar point is presented
and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There
are seven A p p en d ices (pages 243—251) dealing w ith active and passive forms, irregular verbs,
short forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal verbs. It m ight be useful for teachers to draw
students’ attention to these.
At the back o f the book there is a set o f A d d itio n a l exercises (pages 252—270). These exercises
provide ‘m ixed’ practice bringing together grammar points from a num ber ot different units
(especially those concerning verb forms). There are 35 exercises in this section and there is a
full list on page 252.
Also at the back o f the book there is a S tu d y g u id e to help students decide w hich units to study
—see page 271.
Finally, there is a K e y (pages 283—309) for students to check their answers to all the exercises in
the book. A n edition w ithout the S tu d y g u id e and K e y is available for teachers w ho would
prefer it for their students.
Level
T he book is for elementary learners, i.e. learners with very little English, but no t for complete
beginners. It is intended mainly for elem entary students who are beyond the early stages o f a
beginners’ course. It could also be used by low -interm ediate learners whose grammar is
weaker than other aspects o f their English or w ho have problems with particular areas o f basic
grammar.
T he explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as
short as possible. T he vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so
that the book can be used at this level.
Using the book
T he book can be used by students working alone (see To the student) or as supplementary
course material. In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book.
W h en used as course material, the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later
revision or remedial work. It m ight be used by the whole class or by individual students
needing extra help and practice.
X
In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in
class, but it should be noted that these have been w ritten for individual study and reference.
In m ost cases, it would probably be better for teachers to present the grammar point in their
preferred way with the exercises being done for hom ework. T he left-hand page is then
available for later reference by the student.
Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In this case,
individual students or groups o f students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study
and practice.
CD Rom
T he book is sold w ith or w ithout a CD R om . This contains further exercises on all the units
in the book, as well as a bank o f more than 600 test questions from w hich users can select to
com pile their own tests. T he C D R o m is also available separately.
Essential Grammar in Use Third Edition
This is a new edition o f E ssential G ram m ar in Use. The differences between this edition
and the second edition are:
□ T he book has been redesigned w ith new colour illustrations.
□ T here is one new unit (U nit 35) and some reorganisation, so that most units have
different numbers from the previous edition.
□ T here are many (usually minor) revisions to the explanations, examples and exercises.
□ T here are two new pages o f A d d itio n a l exercises (pages 252-270).
□ T here is a new S tu d y g u id e at the back o f the book to help users decide which units to
study.
□ T here is a new C D R o m with further exercises to accompany the book.
am/is/are
My name is Lisa
My fa th er is a d octor and my
m other is a jo u rn a list.
USA
positive
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
negative
I
am
(I’m )
is
(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
are
(we’re)
(you’re)
(they’re)
he
she
am n ot
(I’m not)
is n ot
(he’s n o t
(she’s n o t
(it’s n o t
are n ot
(we’re n o t or we aren’t)
(you’re n ot or you aren’t)
(they’re n o t or they aren’t)
it
we
you
they
short form
or he isn’t)
or she isn ’t)
or it isn ’t)
short forms
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
I’m cold. Can you close the window, please?
I’m 32 years old. M y sister is 29.
Steve is ill. H e ’s in bed.
M y brother is afraid o f dogs.
It’s ten o ’clock. You’re late again.
Ann and I are good friends.
Your keys are on the table.
□
□
□
□
□
I’m tired, but I’m n o t hungry.
Tom isn ’t interested in politics. H e’sinterested in music.
Jane isn ’t a teacher. She’s a student.
Those people aren’t English. T hey’re Australian.
It’s sunny today, but it isn ’t warm.
that’s = that is
there’s = there is here’s = here is
□ T hank you. T hat’s very kind o f you.
□ Look! T here’s Chris.
□ ‘H ere’s your key.’
‘T hank you.’
am/is/are (questions) —> Unit 2
there is/are —* Unit 3 7
a/an - » Unit 6 5
short forms - » Appendix 4
Exercises
1.1
Unit 1
W rite the short form (she's / we a re n 't etc.).
3
1 she is
s ........
2 they are.............................
1.2
T he w e a th e r f*.nice today.
I
not rich.
This b a g
heavy.
These b a g s
heavy.
Steve is ill........ he S.....in bed.
I’m not hungry, b u t ........................ thirsty.
M r Thomas is a very old m an...... ..................... 98.
These chairs aren’t beautiful, but . ....................... comfortable.
T he weather is nice today. ......... .............. w arm and sunny.
‘No, I’m not. I’m early!’
‘........................ late.’
Catherine isn’t at hom e.................. .......... at work.
‘........................ your coat.’
‘O h, thank you very much.’
(name?) M y
(from?) I ..........................................................
(age?)
I ..........................................................
(job?)
I .........................................................
5 (favourite colour or colours?)
M y ..............................................
6 (interested in ... ?)
I ..................................................
W rite sentences fo r the pictures. Use:
afraid
1
angry
co ld
She's th irsty .
2 T h e y ............................................
1.6
5 Look!T h e r e
Carol.
6 My brother and I
good tennis players.
7 E m ily .............at home. H er c h ild re n ............. at school.
8 I
a taxi driver. M y siste r
a nurse.
Look at Lisa's sentences in 1A. Now w rite sentences ab o u t yourself.
1
2
3
4
1.5
5\ am n()l
...........................
6you aren o t ...............
Com plete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.4
................................
W rite am, is or are.
1
2
3
4
1.3
jt js not
-I that is
hot
h u n gry
thirsty
3H e
5.....................
4
W rite tru e sentences, positive or negative. Use is/isn't or a re /a re n 't.
1
2
3
4
5
6
(it / hot today)........................... .....j t J? n t hot h b u y
0r
It’s hot to d a y .
(it / windy today) It............................................................................................................
(my hands / cold) My
............................................................................................
(Brazil / a very big country) ............................................................................................
(diamonds / cheap)
.............................................................................................
(Toronto / in the US)
............................................................................................
W rite true sentences, positive or negative. Use I'm / I’m not.
7
8
9
10
(tired)
I’n tire d . ..... 0 r .....!’w not Erect.
(hungry)
I .....................................................................
(a good swimmer)..................... ........................................................................
(interested in football).......................................................................................
-» Additional exercise 1 (page 252)
6......... ...............
Unit
2
am/is/are (questions)
question
positive
I
he
she
it
i
we
you
they
am
am
is
is
are
are
W hat's yo u r name? J
I?
he?
she?
Are you m arried?^)
|
|
^ No, I'm single.
D
How old are you?
we?
you?
they?
Are you a stu d e n t? ^)
(5 ^
i\\V
__________ ,
Yes, I am.
J
□ ‘A m I late?’
‘No, y o u ’re on time.’
□ ‘Is your m o th e r at hom e?’ ‘No, sh e’s out.’
□ ‘Are you r parents at hom e?’
‘N o, th ey’re out.’
□ ‘Is it cold in your room ?’
‘Yes, a little.’
□ Your sh oes are nice. Are they new?
We say:
□ Is she at home? / Is your m o th e r at home? (no t Is at hom e your mother?)
□ A re th ey new? / Are your shoes new? (not Are new your shoes?)
W here ... ? / W hat ... ? / W ho ... ? / H o w ... ? / W hy ... ?
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
W here is your m other? Is she at home?
‘W here are you from?’
‘Canada.’
‘W hat c o lo u r is your car?’
‘It’s red.’
‘H o w o ld is joe?’
‘H e ’s 24.’
H o w are your parents? Are they well?
These postcards are nice. H o w m u ch are they?
This hotel isn’t very good. W hy is it so expensive?
w hat’s = w hat is
w ho’s = w ho is how ’s = how is w here’s
= where is
□ W h at’s the time?
□ W h o ’s that man?
□ W h ere’s Lucy?
□ H o w ’s your father?
Short answers
I
Yes,
he
she
it
we
you
they
□
□
□
O
□
14
am .
I’m
is.
No,
h e’s
she’s
it’s
Thctt’s my seai. )
not.
or
No,
w e’re
you’re
they’re
are.
he
she
it
isn ’t.
we
you
they
aren’t.
‘A re you tired?’
‘Yes, I a m .’
‘Are you hungry?’
‘N o , I’m not, but I’m thirsty.’
‘Is your friend English?’
‘Yes, h e is .’
‘A re these your keys?’
‘Yes, they are.’
‘T h a t’s my seat.’
‘N o , it isn ’t .’
am/is/are -» Unit 1
questions -»
Unit 4 4
w hat/w hieh/how -» Unit 47
Exercises
2.1
Find th e rig h t answers fo r the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2.2
Unit 2
W h ere’s the camera?
Is your car blue?
Is Linda from London?
Am I late?
W here’s Ann from?
W hat colour is your bag?
Are you hungry?
H ow is George?
W h o ’s that woman?
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
London.
No, I’m not.
Yes, you are.
M y sister.
Black.
No, it’s black.
In your bag.
No, she’s American.
Very well.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
M ake questions w ith these words.
1 (is / at hom e / your mother)
Is yowr mother Ac. he me............................................................ ?
(your parents / are / well)................Are yenr peu'enfcs Welt.............................................................. ?
3 (interesting / is / your job)
............................................................................................................ ?
4 (the shops / are / open today) ............................................................................................................ ?
5 (from / where / you / are)
............................................................................................................ ?
6 (interested in sport / you / are) ............................................................................................................ ?
7 (is / near here / the post office) ............................................................................................................ ?
8 (at school / are / your children) ............................................................................................................ ?
9 (you / are / late / why)
?
2
2.3
C om plete the questions. Use W h a t ... / W h o ... / W h e re ... / How ... .
1
V
2 .4
Hoa; o re .... your parentsP'N
.............................................................. the bus stop?
............................................................. your children?
.............................................................these oranges?
................................................. your favourite sport?
................................. the man in this photograph?
.........................................................your new shoes?
W rite the questions.
/ (name?)
Wh&t’s yCM.r na.me?
\
(American?) ..................................
(how old?) .....................................
(a teacher?) ....................................
(married?) ......................................
(wife a lawyer?) ............................
(from?) ...........................................
(her name?)
£ (lio w old?) ................................................................................ y
2 .5
^
s
/ T hey’re very well.
At the end o f the street.
Five, six and ten.
£ 1 .5 0 a kilo.
Skiing.
T h at’s my father.
V^Black.
.
/ Paul.
No, I’m Australian.
I’m 30.
N o, I’m a lawyer.
Yes, I am.
No, she’s a designer.
She’s Italian.
Anna.
y S h e ’s 27.
W rite short answers (Yes, I am . / No, he isn't, etc.).
1 Are you married?
No, I nr> not.
2 Are you thirsty? ................................................
3 Is it cold today? ................................................
— Additional exercises 1 -2 (pages 2 5 2 -5 3 )
4 Are your hands cold?
5 Is it dark now? .........
6 Are you a teacher? ..
I am doing (present continuous)
( I’m eating. ^
IT
She’s eating.
She isn ’t reading.
It’s raining.
T he sun isn ’t shining.
They’re running.
They aren’t walking.
The present continuous is:
a m /is/a r e + d oin g/eatin g/ru nn in g/w riting etc.
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
a m (not)
□ I’m w orking. I’m n o t w atch in g TV.
is (not)
□ M aria is reading a newspaper.
□ She isn ’t eating, (or She’s n o t eating.)
□ T he phone is ringing.
-m g
□ We’re having dinner.
□ You’re n o t listen in g to me. (orYou aren’t listen in g ...)
□ T he children are d oin g their hom ework.
are (not)
a m /is /a r e + -in g = som ething is happening now:
I’m w orkin g
she’s w earing a hat
they’re p laying football
I’m n o t w atch in g television
p a st
□
□
□
□
□
□
now
future
Please be quiet. I’m w orking. (= I’m working now)
Look, there’s Sarah. She’s w earin g a brown coat. (= she is wearing it now)
T he w eather is nice. It’s n o t raining.
‘W here are the children?’
‘They’re playing in the park.’
(on the p h o n e) We’re h aving dinner now. C an I phone you later?
You can turn off the television. I’m n o t w atch in g it.
Spelling (—* Appendix 5):
com e —* com ing
run —» running
lie -» lying
write —> writing
dance —* dancing
sit —» sitting
swim —> sw im m ing
am/is/are -» Unit 1
are you doing? (questions) —> Unit 4
W h a t are you doing tom orrow? —> U n it 25
I am doing and I do —> Unit 8
Exercises
3.1
Unit 3
W h a t are these people doing? Use these verbs to com plete the sentences:
-eat
have
lie
She. 5 e a tin g
1
play
sit
an apple.
2 H e ...............................
3 T h e y ...........................................
3.2
for a bus.
... football.
4 ........................................................ on the floor.
5
breakfast.
6 ...................................................... on the table.
Com plete the sentences. Use these verbs:
b u ild
1
2
3
•I
5
6
7
8
3.3
w ait
co o k
go
have
stan d
stay
sw im
w ork
Please be quiet. I T biprfcina......
‘W h ere’s John?’
‘H e ’s in the kitchen. He
‘O h, I’m sorry.’
'You .................................................on my foot.’
Look! S o m eb o d y ............................................... in the river.
W e’re here on holiday. W e .................................................at the Central Hotel.
‘W h ere’s Sue?’
‘S h e .................................................a shower.’
T h e y .................................................a new hotel in the city centre at the m om ent.
1 .................................................now. Goodbye.
Look at the picture. W rite sentences abo u t Jane. Use She's -in g or She isn’t -in g .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
(have dinner)
Jane, ion’t Having d in n er.........
(watch television)
She t> watching television.
(sit on the floor) S h e ................................................
(read a book) ...............................................................
(play the piano) ..........................................................
(laugh) ..........................................................................
(wear a hat) .................................................................
(write a letter) ............................................................
Jane
3 .4
W hat's happening now? W rite true sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11)
(I / wash / my hair)
(it / snow)
(I / sit / on a chair)
(I / eat)
(it / rain)
(I / learn / English)
(I / listen / to music)
(the sun / shine)
(I / wear / shoes)
(I / read / a newspaper)
I m net washing my h air..............................
.....I.t's....snowing.
or
li isn ’t snowing.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
17
are you doing?
(present continuous questions)
question
positive
I
am
he
she
it
d o in g
w orkin g
g o in g
staying
etc.
is
we
you
they
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
am
are
is
are
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
doing?
working?
going?
staying?
etc.
‘Are you fe elin g O K ?’
‘Yes, I’m fine, thanks.’
‘Is it raining?’
‘Yes, take an umbrella.’
W hy are you w earing a coat? It’s not cold.
‘W h at’s Paul d oing?’
‘H e ’s reading the newspaper.’
‘W hat are the children doing?’
‘They’re w atch in g television.’
Look, there’s Emily! W here’s she going?
W h o are you w aitin g for? Are you w aitin g for Sue?
Study the word order:
W here
W here
is/a re
+ subject +
-in g
Is
Is
are
are
he
Paul
they
those people
w orkin g today?
w orkin g today? (not Is working Paul today?)
going?
going? (not W here are going those people?)
Short answers
I
Yes,
he
she
it
we
you
they
□
O
□
□
am .
I’m
is.
he’s
she’s
it’s
No,
are.
not.
No,
w e’re
you’re
they’re
he
she
it
we
you
they
isn ’t.
aren’t.
‘Are you g o in g now?’
‘Yes, I a m .’
‘Is Paul w orkin g today?’
‘Yes, he is .’
‘Is it raining?’
‘N o , it isn ’t .’
‘Are your friends staying at a hotel?’
‘N o , they aren’t. T hey’re staying w ith me.’
1 am doing - » U n it 3
W h a t are you doing tom orrow? - » Unit 2 5
questions - » Units 4 4 - 4 7
Exercises
Unit 4
4.1
Look at the pictures and w rite the questions.
4.2
Look at the pictures and com plete the questions. Use:
f
£
w
cry
1
eat
I
go
laugh
What... o-re you.... \
reouiing
?
4 .3
3
/ " What........................ A
6
//"Why........................
V ............................... V
k Flit
L
:i / jV h a t.....................
m
*
^
e
1
V ............................. V
-
M ak e questions from these words. Put the words in th e rig h t order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 .4
read
/"where..................she'N
J
4 fjA /h y ....................... A
&
lo o k at
(is / working / Paul / today)
Is Paul wcrxpno tcd.Au................................................................. p
(what / the children / are / doing)
V ':'1.*
chdttren dcb'Q........................................ p
(you / are / listening / to me) ............................................................................................................. ?
(where / your friends / are / going) .................................................................................................. ?
(are / watching / your parents / television) ...................................................................................... ?
(what / Jessica / is / cooking) .............................................................................................................. ?
(why / you / are / looking / at me) .................................................................................................. ?
(is / com ing / the bus) ..............................................................................................................................?
W rite short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn't, etc.).
1 Are you watching TV?
No, i m n et....... . 4 Is it raining? ...............................................................
2 Are you wearing a watch? ............................ 5 Are you sitting on the floor? ............................
3 Are you eating something? ........................... 6 Are you feeling well? ..........................................
-» Additional exercise 3 (page 253)
I do/work/like etc. (present simple)
T hey’re looking at their books.
They read a lot.
H e ’s eating an ice-cream.
H e likes ice-cream.
They read / he likes / I w ork etc. = the present simple:
I/w e /y o u /th e y
read
like
w ork
live
w atch
do
have
h e/sh e /it
reads
likes
works
lives
w atches
does
has
R em em ber:
he works / she lives / it rains etc.
□ I w ork in a shop. M y brother works in a bank. (n o t M y brother work)
□ L ucy lives in London. H er parents live in Scotland.
□ It rains a lot in winter.
I have —» h e /sh e /it has:
□ John has a shower every day.
Spelling (—» A ppendix 5):
-es after -s
/ -sh / -ch: pass —> passes
-y —» -ies: study —* studies
also: do —* does
finish —* finishes
tiy —* tries
go —* goes
watch —» watches
We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen
sometimes or all the time:
□ I like big cities.
□ Your English is good. You speak very well.
□ T im w orks very hard.
H e starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o ’clock in the evening.
□ T he earth g o es round the sun.
□ We d o a lot o f different things in our free time.
□ It costs a lot o f money to build a hospital.
a lw a y s/n e v er/o ften /u su a lly /so m e tim es + present simple
□ Sue always gets to w ork early, (not. Sue gets always)
□ I never eat breakfast. (not I eat never)
□ We often go away at weekends.
□ M ark usually plays football on Sundays.
□ I so m e tim es walk to work, but not very often.
1 d o n 't ... (negative) - » U n it 6
Do you ... ? (questions) - » U n it 7
always/usually/often etc. (word order) - » Unit 9 4
I am doing and I do
Unit 8
Exercises
5.1
5 .2
Unit 5
W rite these verbs w ith -s
or -es.
1 (read) s h e ......re ^ d s ..........
2 (think) h e ............................
3 (fly)
it ..................................
4 (dance) h e ................................
5 (have) she
6(finish) it ...
Com plete the sentences ab o u t the people in the pictures. Use:
eat
go
live
play
play
sleep
4 / ^ Ternls
6
' mu -favourite )/T 7 :
sport J X We U)Vt
1
He Ptout'
the piano.
2 T h e y ................................... in a very big house.
3 ..................................... a lot o f fruit.
5.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-I ................................... tennis.
5 ................................... to the cinema a lot.
6 ................................... seven hours a night.
close
co st
co st
like
like
m eet
op en
speak
teach
wash
M a ria speaks
tour languages.
T h e shops in the city centre usually............................... at 9 o ’clock in the m orning.
T he City M u se u m ............................... at 5 o ’clock in the evening.
Tina is a teacher. S h e ............................... mathematics to young children.
M y jo b is very interesting. I ............................. a lot o f people.
Peter’s car is always dirty. H e n e v e r............................... it.
Food is expensive. I t ............................... a lot o f money.
Shoes are expensive. T h e y
a lot o f money.
W a te r............................... at 100 degrees Celsius.
Julia and I are good friends. I ............................... her and s h e ............................... me.
W rite sentences from these words. Use the rig h t form o f the verb (arrive or arrives etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5.5
HOODS' A z
NI^HT*
Com plete the sentences. Use:
b oil
5 .4
\
(always / early / Sue / arrive)
Sue alw ays arrives e a rly ...........................................................
(to the cinema / never / I / go) 1 ...........................................................................................................
(work / Martina / hard / always) ............................................................................................................
(like / chocolate / children / usually) .....................................................................................................
(Julia / parties / enjoy / always) ...............................................................................................................
(often / people’s names / I / forget) ........................................................................................................
(television / Tim / watch / never) ...........................................................................................................
(usually / dinner / we / have / at 7.30) .................................................................................................
(Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) ....................................................................................................
W rite sentences abo u t yourself. Use alw ays/n ever/o ften /u su ally/so m etim es.
1
2
3
4
5
(w atchT V in the evening) .....1 usuaU jj v c a ix k TV in th e .e v e w k j................................................
(read in bed) I ................................................................................................................................................
(get up before 7 o ’clock) ............................................................................................................................
(go to work ■school by bus) .......................................................................................................................
(drink coffee in the m orning) ...................................................................................................................
21
I d o n 't... (present simple negative)
T he present simple negative is d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t + verb:
positive
negative
I
we
you
they
w ork
like
do
have
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
w orks
likes
d o es
has
he
she
it
□
□
□
□
□
□
d o n ’t
(do not)
d o esn ’t
(does not)
w ork
like
do
have
I drink coffee, but I d o n ’t drink tea.
Sue drinks tea, but she d o esn ’t drink coffee.
You d o n ’t w ork very hard.
We d o n ’t w atch television very often.
T he w eather is usually nice. It d o esn ’t rain very often.
Gary and N icole d o n ’t k n ow many people.
Rem em ber:
I/w e /y o u /th e y d o n ’t ...
h e/sh e/it
d o esn ’t ...
□ I d o n ’t like football,
□ H e d o esn ’t like football.
□ I d o n ’t like Fred and Fred d o esn ’t like me. (not Fred don’t like)
D M y car d o e s n ’t use m uch petrol. (not M y car don’t use)
□ Sometimes he is late, but it d o esn ’t happen very often.
We use d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t + infinitive (don’t like / doesn’t speak / doesn’t do etc.):
□ I d o n ’t like washing the car. I d o n ’t do it very often.
□ Sarah speaks Spanish, but she d o esn ’t speak Italian. (not doesn’t speaks)
□ Bill d o esn ’t do his jo b very well. (not Bill doesn’t his job)
□ Paula d o esn ’t usually have breakfast. (not doesn’t ... has)
I do/w ork/like etc. (present simple) - » Unit 5
Do you ... ? (present simple questions) - » U n it 7
Exercises
6.1
W rite th e negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
6.2
Unit 6
I play the piano very well.
I T o n t puuj the
very well......................................
Jane plays the piano very well.
J a n e ..................................................................................................
T hey know my phone number.
T h e y .................................................................................................
We work very hard........................................................................................................................................
H e has a bath every day...................... ..........................................................................................................
You do the same thing every day. ..........................................................................................................
Study the inform ation and w rite sentences w ith like.
1
Ben an d Sophie like classical, m usic.....
K a te .................... ...................................................
I ................................................... classical music.
6.3
1 classical music?
yes
no
2 boxing?
no
yes
3 horror films?
yes
no
I .....................................................................................
3 .................................................................................
or
I o fte n ...
or
I d o n 't ... very o fte n .
1 (watchTV)
.... I don’t waich Tv' vert) cffc-n.
o r .....!..ney^...wateh. TV.
I often. waich TV..........................................................
2
3
4
5
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(go to the theatre)
(ride a bicycle)
(eat in restaurants)
(travel by train)
or
Com plete the sentences. All o f them are negative. Use d o n ’t/d o e s n 't + these verbs:
cost
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 .5
r•
W rite abo ut yourself. Use:
I n e v e r ...
6 .4
2 Ben and S o p h ie ..................................................
K a te .......................................................................
go
know
re a d
see
use
w ear
I buy a newspaper every day, but sometimes I
dx>wi. r e a d
q
Paul has a car, but h e ................................................ it very often.
Paul and his friends like films, but th e y ................................................. to the cinema very often.
Amanda is m arried, but s h e ................................................. a ring.
1
m uch about politics. I’m not interested in it.
T he R egent H otel isn’texpensive..I t ................................................ much to stay there.
Brian lives very near us, but w e .................................................him very often.
Put the verb into the correct form , positive or negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
M arg aret SP.?4ks
four languages —English, French, G erm an and Spanish, (speak)
I
clnn t (ike
my job. It’s very boring, (like)
‘W h ere’s M artin?’
‘I’m sorry. I .................................................. ’ (know)
Sue is a very quiet person. S h e ................................................ very much, (talk)
A n d y ..................................................a lot o f tea. It’s his favourite drink, (drink)
It’s not true! I ................................................. it! (believe)
T h at’s a very beautiful picture. 1 ................................................ it very much, (like)
M ark is a vegetarian. H e ................................................. meat, (eat)
23
Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
We use d o /d o e s in present simple questions:
positive
question
I
we
you
they
w ork
like
do
have
he
she
it
w orks
likes
does
has
I
we
you
they
do
work?
like?
do?
have?
he
she
it
does
Study the w ord order:
d o /d o e s +
W here
How oiten
W hat
H ow m uch
Do
Do
D oes
do
do
d oes
d oes
subject
+
you
your friends
Chris
your parents
you
this word
it
infinitive
work
live
play
live?
wash
mean?
cost
on Sundays?
near here?
tennis?
your hair?
to fly to Rom e?
Questions w ith alw ays/usu ally/often :
W hat
Do
D oes
do
you
Chris
you
always
often
usually
have
p h on e
do
breakfast?
you?
at weekends?
W hat do you do? —W hat’s your job?
□ ‘W hat do you do?’
‘I work in a bank.’
R em em ber:
do I/w e /y o u /th e y ...
does h e /sh e /it ...
D Do
kke music?
a D o e s h e llke music?
Short answers
I/w e /y o u /th e y do.
Y e s,
h e/sh e /it does.
I/w e /y o u /th e y d o n ’t.
No, j-----------------------------------h e/sh e /it d o esn ’t.
□ ‘D o you play tennis?’
'N o, I d o n ’t .’
□ ‘D o your parents speak English?’
‘Yes, they d o .’
□ ‘D o e s G ary work hard?’
‘Yes, he d o e s .’
O ‘D o e s your sister live in London.’
‘N o , she d o esn ’t .’
I do/w ork/like etc. - » Unit 5
I d o n 't ... (negative) - » U n it 6
questions - » Units 4 4 - 4 7
Exercises
7.1
W rite questions w ith Do ... ? and Does ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
7.2
Unit 7
I like chocolate. H ow about you?
I play tennis. H ow about you?
You live near here. H ow about Lucy?
Tom plays tennis. H ow about his friends?
You speak English. H ow about your brother?
I do yoga every m orning. H ow about you?
Sue often goes away. H ow about Paul?
I want to be famous. H ow about you?
You work hard. H ow about Anna?
Do you Like- chocolate
7
7
.................you ......................................
................. Lucy ..................................
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
M ak e questions from these words + do/does. Put the words in the rig h t order.
l
9
3
4
5
h
7
8
9
10
11
12
(where / live / your parents)
(you / early / always / get up)
(how often / TV / you / watch)
(you / want / what / for dinner)
(like / you / football)
(your brother / like / football)
(what / you / do / in your free time)
(your sister / work / where)
(to the cinema / often / you / go)
(what / mean / this word)
(often / snow / it / here)
(go / usually / to bed / what time / you)
Where do your parents Live
... Do you always get up early
....
....
....
...
...
...
13 (how m uch / to phone N ew York / it / cost)
14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what)
7.3
Com plete the questions. Use these verbs:
-do-
do
enjoy
go
like
start
teach
w ork
1
W h a t <tc you. do
?
........................................................................ it?
W hat tim e ...........................................................in the morning?
................................................................. on Saturdays?
I Io w ............................................................... to work?
And your husband. W h a t............................................................ ?
W h a t ................................................................. ?
..................
...................... his job? j
8V
7.4
........................
/ I work in a bookshop.
It’s OK.
At 9 o ’clock.
Sometimes.
Usually by bus.
H e ’s a teacher.
Science.
Yes, he loves it.
W rite short answers (Yes, he does. / No, I d o n 't, etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
D o you watch TV a lot?
Do you live in a big city?
D o you often ride a bicycle?
Does it rain a lot where you live?
D o you play the piano?
-» Additional exercises 4 -7 (pages 2 5 3 -5 4 )
....No, I don t .
............................
............................
............................
............................
qp
YbSj | d.0.
Unit
8
I am doing (present continuous) and
I do (present simple)
Jack is watching television.
H e is not playing the guitar.
B ut Jack has a guitar.
H e often plays it and he plays
Jack plays the guitar,
but he is n o t p laying the guitar now.
Is he p layin g the guitar?
D o e s he play the guitar?
N o , he isn ’t.
Yes, he does.
(present continuous)
(present simple)
Present continuous (I am doing) = now, at the time o f speaking:
I’m d o in g
past
□
□
□
□
□
now
future
Please be quiet. I’m w orking. (not I work)
Tom is having a shower at the m om ent. (not Tom has)
Take an umbrella w ith you. It’s raining.
You can tu rn off the television. I’m not
w atching it.
W hy are you under the table?W hat are you doing?
Present simple (I do) = in general, all the time or sometimes:
I do
past
□
□
□
□
□
now
future
I w ork every day from 9 o ’clock to 5.30.
Tom has a shower every m orning.
It rains a lot in winter.
I d o n ’t w atch television very often.
W hat d o you usually do at the weekend?
We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):
like
prefer
love
hate
w an t
n eed
k n ow
m ea n
understand
believe
rem em b er
forget
dep en d
Use only the present simple w ith these verbs (I w ant / do you like? etc.):
□ I’m tired. I w an t to go home. (not I’m wanting)
□ ‘D o you k n ow that girl?’
‘Yes, but I d o n ’t rem em b er her name.’
□ I d o n ’t understand. W hat d o you m ean?
26
present continuous —* Units 3 - 4
present simple -*• Units 5 - 7
present fo r the fu tu re - » U n it 25
Exercises
8.1
Unit 8
Answer the questions abo u t the pictures.
I’m a. photographvr
Does he take photographs?
Is he taking a photograph?
W hat is he doing?
I’m a bus driver
Is she driving a bus?
Does she drive a bus?
W hat is she doing?
He/s ha.vi.no a b o th .........
are teachers
I’m a window cleaner
Does he clean windows?
Is he cleaning a window?
W hat is he doing?
8.2
Are they teaching?
D o they teach? ...
W hat do they do?
Com plete the sentences w ith a m /is /are or d o /d o n 't/d o e s/d o e sn 't.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Excuse m e , .4®. you speak English?
‘W here’s Kate?’ ‘I ............................... know.’
W h at’s funny? W h y ............................... you laughing?
‘W h a t
your
sister do?’ ‘She’s a dentist.’
I t ............................. raining. I
want to go out in the rain.
‘W h e re
you com e from?’
‘Canada.’
H ow m u c h ............................... it cost to send a letter to Canada?
Steve is a good tennis player,but h e .............................. play very often.
8.3 Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
the present
simple (I do).
Excuse m e ,
yCw ..-•F’fd k
(you/speak) English?
‘W h ere’s lo m ? ’ 1 He S having
(he/have) a shower.’
.... 1 den t Iw .1 'ri
(I/not/w atch) television very often.
Listen! S o m eb o d y ............................................ (sing).
Sandra is tired........................................... (she/want) to go hom e now.
H ow o f te n ...................................................... (you/read) a newspaper?
‘Excuse me, b u t ............................................................ (you/sit) in my place.’
‘O h, I’m sorry.’
I’m so rry,............................................................. (I/not/understand). C an you speak m ore slowly?
It’s late........................................................... (I/go) hom e now. ......................................................
(you/com e) w ith me?
W hat time ................................................................................ (your father / finish) work every day?
You can turn off the radio....................................................................................... (I/not/listen) to it.
‘W here’s Paul?’ ‘In the kitchen........................................................... (he/cook) som ething.’
M a r tin ................................................................................................ (not/usually/drive) to work. H e
........................................................... (usually/walk).
S u e ................................................. (not/like) coffee.................................................... (she/prefer) tea.
Unit
9
I have ... and I've got
You can say I have or I’ve got, he has or h e ’s got:
I
we
you
they
have
he
she
it
has
or
or
I
we
you
they
have got
(I’ve got)
(we’ve got)
(you’ve got)
(they’ve got)
he
she
it
has g o t
(he’s got)
(she’s got)
(it’s got)
I’ve got ct
headache,.
)
short form
□
□
□
□
□
I have blue eyes, or I’ve g o t blue eyes.
T im has two sisters, or T im has g o t two sisters.
O u r car has four doors, or O ur car has g o t four doors.
Sarah isn’t feeling well. She has a headache, or She’s g o t a headache.
They like animals. They have a horse, three dogs and six cats, or T hey’ve g o t a horse
I haven’t g o t / have you got? etc.
negative
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
question
have n o t
(haven’t)
have
got
has n o t
(hasn’t)
has
short answers
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
Yes,
No,
I
we
you
they
have.
haven’t.
Yes,
No,
he
she
it
has.
hasn’t.
got?
I’ve g o t a motorbike, but I haven ’t g o t a car.
Tracey and Jeff haven’t g o t any children.
It’s a nice house, but it h asn’t g o t a garden.
‘H ave you g o t a camera?’
‘No, I haven’t.’
‘W hat have you got in your bag?’
‘N othing. It’s
‘H as H elen g o t a car?’
‘Yes, she has.’
W hat kind o f car has she got?
empty.’
I d o n ’t have / do you have? etc.
In negatives and questions you can also use d o /d o e s ... :
□ They d o n ’t have any children. (= They haven’t g o t any children.)
□It’s a nice house, but it d o esn ’t have a garden. (= it hasn’t g o t a garden)
□ D o e s H elen have a car? (= H as Helen g o t acar?)
□ W hat d o you have in your bag? (= W hat have you g o t in your bag?)
28
had j didn't have (past) —> Units 1 1 -1 2
have breakfast / have a shower etc. - » Unit 58
some/any - » U n it 76
Exercises
Unit 9
W rite the short form w ith g o t (w e've g o t / he h asn 't g o t etc.).
9.1
1 we have got
Wfcve qot
2 he has got .............................
3 they have got
4 she has not got ......................
5 it has got .......
6 I have not got
Read the questions and answers. Then w rite sentences abo u t M ark.
9.2
Have you got a c a r? \
1 /Z '
Have you got a computer?
2
Have you got a dog?
3
Have you got a m obile phone?
4
Have you got a watch?
5
Have you got any brothers or
6
y
sisters?
{ No.
V r/^ \
1
Yes.
2
No.
Mark
No.
Yes.
Yes, two brothers
and a sister.
3
4
5
6
W h a t about you? W rite sentences w ith I've g o t or I h a v e n 't got.
7
8
9
10
9.3
They have two children.
She doesn’t have a key.
H e has a new job.
They don’t have m uch money.
D o you have an umbrella?
We have a lot o f work to do.
I d on’t have your phone number.
Does your father have a car?
H ow much m oney do we have?
T lie y y e (jet tw o c b ik tr e n .
.S h e . . . h a s n ' t g o t . a ..k ey ,.......
W rite have g o t ('ve g o t), has g o t ('s g o t), h av en 't g o t or hasn't got.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9.5
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
W rite these sentences w ith got (I've g o t / have you g o t etc.). The m eaning is th e same.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9.4
(a computer)
(a dog)
(a bike)
(brothers/sisters)
S a ra h hiw n’t qot.. . a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.
They like animals. T h e y ve
three dogs and two cats.
Charles isn’t happy. H e ......................................... a lot o f problems.
T hey don’t read much. T h e y ...........................................many books.
‘W h at’s wrong?’
‘I
som ething in my eye.’
‘W here’s my pen?’
‘I don’t know. I ......................................... it.’
Julia wants to go to the concert, but s h e
...................... a ticket.
C om plete the sentences. Use have/has g o t or h a v e n 't/h a s n 't g o t w ith :
a lo t o f friends
-a-garden1
2
3
4
5
6
7
four w h eels
m u ch tim e
a head ach e
a key
six legs
I’m not feeling well. I ve act c k ecu! Ache......................................................
It’s a nice house, but i t
t o c i <K tjarclen. .................................................
M ost c a rs .......................................................................................................................
Everybody likes Tom. H e .........................................................................................
I can’t open the door. I ............................................................................................
An in s e c t.......................................................................................................................
We must hurry. W e ....................................................................................................
Additional exercises 5 -7 (page 254)
EB
8
■ [!■
was/were
N ow R o b e rt is at work.
At m idnight last night
he w asn ’t at work.
H e w as in bed.
H e was asleep.
a m /is (present) —* was (past):
□ I a m tired, (now)
□ W here is Kate? (now)
□ T he w eather is good today.
I was tired last night.
W here was Kate yesterday?
T he weather was good last week.
are (present) —> w ere (past):
□ You are late, (now)
□ They aren’t here, (now)
You w ere late yesterday.
They w eren ’t here last Sunday.
positive
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
□
□
□
□
question
negative
was
I
he
she
it
was n o t
(wasn’t)
was
I?
he?
she?
it?
w ere
we
you
they
w ere n ot
(w eren’t)
were
we?
you?
they?
Last year R achel was 22, so she is 23 now.
W h en I w as a child, I was afraid o f dogs.
We w ere hungry after the journey, but we w eren ’t tired.
T he hotel was comfortable, but it w asn ’t expensive.
□ Was the weather nice w hen you w ere on holiday?
□ Your shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
□ W hy w ere you late this morning?
I/h e /s h e /it was.
Yes,
w e/y o u /th ey were.
I/h e /s h e /it w asn ’t.
No, ---------------— --------------ve/you/they w eren ’t.
□ ‘Were you late?’
‘N o , I w asn ’t .’
□ ‘Was Ted at work yesterday?’
‘Yes, h e w a s.’
o ‘Were Sue and Steve at the party?’
‘N o , they w eren ’t .’
30
am /is/are - * Units 1 - 2
I was doing — Unit 13
Exercises
10.1
Unit 10
W h ere were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?
©
llf^ u
H 3 ) |0
Lj
>
w M
JA C K
0 4 RY
1
KATE
SU E
G o ry w a s in beH-.
2 Jack and K a te ............
3 S u e ..............................
10.2
5
BEN
4
5
6 And you? I ..................................................
W rite am /is/are (present) or w as/w ere (past).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10.3
^
MR A N D M RS W ILL
Last year s h e W.M. 22, so s h e -S
23 now.
Today the w e a th e r.................. nice, but yesterday i t
very cold.
I ...................hungry. Can I have som ething to eat?
I feel fine this m orning, but I ................ very tired last night.
W h e re ................you at 11 o ’clock last Friday m orning?
D o n ’t buy those shoes. T h e y ................very expensive.
I like your new jacket........................ it expensive?
This time last year I ................... in Paris.
W h e r e ................. the children?’
‘I don’t know. T h e y ................... here a few m inutes ago.’
W rite w as/w ere or w a s n 't/w e re n ’t.
We weren’t happy with the hotel. O u r
ro o m
very smalland i t W«.sn
I
M a r k ................. at work last week because h e ..................... ill. H e ’s better now.
Yesterday................. a public holiday, so the b a n k s ................... closed. T hey’re open today.
‘...................Kate and Bill at the party?’
‘K a te
there, but B ill..................... ’
‘W here are my keys?’
‘I d o n ’t know.
T h e y ...... on the table, but they’re no t there
now.’
6 You ................. at hom e last night. W h e r e ..................... you?
1 0.4
.
1
2
3
4
5
clean.
SL
W rite questions from these words + w as/w ere. Put the words in the rig h t order.
Y v
1 / (late / you / this m orning / why?)
Why wer& yow Late this momma ?
T he traffic was bad.
(difficult / your exam?)
N o, it was easy.
(last week / where / Sue and Chris?)
T hey were on holiday.
(your new camera / how much?)
Sixty pounds.
(angry / you / yesterday / why?)
Because you were late.
(nice / the weather / last week?)
V Yes, it was beautiful.
)
31
Unit
11
w orked/got/w ent etc. (past simple)
T hey
w atch
television every evening.
(present sim ple)
T hey
w a tch ed
television yesterday evening.
(past simple)
w a tch ed is the p a st simple:
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /sh e /it
w atched
T he past simple is often -ed (regular verbs). For example:
work —» w orked
clean —> clea n ed
start —> started
□
□
□
□
dance —* danced
stay —* stayed
need —* need ed
I clean my teeth every m orning. This m orning I clean ed my teeth.
Terry w orked in a bank from 1996 to 2003.
Yesterday it rained all m orning. It stopped at lunchtime.
We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot o f people. The
party fin ish ed at midnight.
Spelling (—> Appendix 5):
try —* tried
stop —» stopped
study —* studied
plan —* planned
copy —» copied
Some verbs are irregular (— not. regular).The past simple is not -ed . Here are some im portant
irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2—3):
begin —> b egan
broke
break
b rou gh t
bring
build
built
bought
buy
ca u g h t
catch
come
ca m e
do
did
drink
drank
ate
eat
-> fell
fall
find
fou n d
flew
fly
forget
forgot
get
got
give
gave
w ent
g°
have
had
hear
heard
know
knew
leave —* left
lose
lost
make
m ad e
meet
m et
paid
pay
put
p ut
read (red)*
read
rang
ring
said
say
see
saw
sell
—1* sold
sit
sat
slept
sleep
speak
spoke
stood
stand
to o k
take
told
tell
th ou gh t
think
w on
win
write
w rote
* pronounced ‘red’
□
□
□
□
32
I usually get up early, but this m orning I g o t up at 9 o ’clock.
We d id a lot o f work yesterday.
Caroline w en t to the cinema three times last week.
James cam e into the room, took off his coat and sat down.
was/were -► U n it 10
I did n't / Did you ... ? (negative and questions) —> Unit 12
ago - * Unit 19
Exercises
11.1
C om plete the sentences. Use a verb from the box.
clean1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11.2
Unit 11
die
enjoy
h appen
o p en
rain
start
stay
W rite the past simple o f these verbs.
4 pay .............. .........
5 v is it.............. .........
6 b u y ............... .........
7 g o ...... .....................
8 think ... ....................
9 copy .. ....................
10 know
1 1 put ..
12 speak
Read about Lisa's jo u rn ey to M ad rid . Put the verbs in the correct form .
Last Tuesday Lisa (l)
flew
from London to M adrid. She (2) ................
up at 6 o ’clock in the m orning and (3).................. a cup o f coffee. At 6.30
she (4) ..................hom e and (5)
to the airport. W hen she
(6)
there, she (7) .................... the car, (8)................... to the airport
building, and (9).................... in. T hen she (10) ....................breakfast at a cafe
and (11) ..................for her flight. T he plane (12)
on time and
(13) ........................in M adrid two hours later. Finally she (14) ................
a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre o f Madrid.
11.4
fly, get
have
leave, drive
get, park, walk
check, have
wait, depart
arrive, take
W rite sentences abo ut the past (yesterday / last w eek etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11.5
w an t
I
cleaned,
my teeth three times yesterday.
It was hot in the room, so I ............................. the window.
T he film was very long. I t ............................. at 7.15 a n d ..............................at 10 o ’clock.
W hen I was a child, I
to be a doctor.
T he accid en t............................... last Sunday afternoon.
It’s a nice day today, but yesterday i t ............................... all day.
W e ............................. our holiday last year. We
at a very nice place.
A nna’s grandfather............................... w hen he was 90 years old.
1 tret
..
2 see ............................
3 p la y ..........................
11.3
finish
James always goes to work by car. Y esterday he- went- 9 work by cat.
R achel often loses her keys. S h e ...........................................................................................last week.
Kate meets her friends every evening. S h e .................................
yesterday evening.
I usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I ............................................................................
We often go to the cinema at weekends. Last Sunday we .................................................................
I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ......................................................................................................
Tom always has a shower in the m orning. This m orning h e .............................................................
O u r friends often, come to see us. T h e y ............................................................................ last Friday.
W rite sentences abo u t w h a t ygt| did yesterday.
1
I went to the theatre.. .......................................
2 ........................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................
Additional exercise 10 (page 256)
4..........................................................
5..............................................................................
6..............................................................................
I d id n 't ...
Did you ... ?
(past simple negative and questions)
Unit
12
A
We use did in past simple negatives and questions:
infinitive
positive
play
start
watch
have
see
do
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
g°
B
negative
played
started
w atched
had
saw
did
w ent
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
question
did n ot
(didn’t)
play
start
watch
have
see
do
did
go
d o /d o e s (present) —» did (past):
□ I d o n ’t watch television very often.
I d id n ’t watch television yesterday.
□ D o e s she often go away?
D id she go away last week?
C
We use d id /d id n ’t + infinitive (w a tch /p la y /g o etc.):
I w atched
they w en t
he had
you did
but
I d id n ’t w atch
did they go?
he d id n ’t have
did you do?
{not I didn’t watched)
(not did they went?)
□ I played tennis yesterday, but I d id n ’t w in.
□ ‘D id you d o the shopping?’
‘No, I d id n ’t have time.’
□ We w en t to the cinema, but we d id n ’t enjoy the film.
D
Study the word order in questions:
did + subject
W hat
How
W here
D id
did
did
did
+
your sister
you
the accident
your parents
infinitive
p h on e
do
happen?
you?
last night?
go
for their holiday?
Short answers
..
Yes’
□
□
□
□
34
I/w e /y o u /th e y
u
; ue /it
/■
h e /sh
‘D id
‘D id
‘D id
‘D id
.. ,
d,d
No,
I/w e /y o u /th ey
h e /sh e /it
you see Joe yesterday?’
‘N o , I d id n ’t .’
it rain on Sunday?’
‘Yes, it d id .’
H elen com e to the party?’
‘N o , she d id n ’t .’
you r parents have a good holiday?’
‘Yes, they d id .’
w orked/got/w ent etc. (past simple) - * Unit 11
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
play?
start?
watch?
have?
see?
do?
go?
Exercises
12.1
Com plete these sentences w ith the verb in the negative.
1
2
3
4
5
12.2
I saw Barbara, but I
didrt^t i>ee Jane.
They worked on Monday, but th e y .......................................................on Tuesday.
We went to the post office, but w e
.................................. to the bank.
She had a pen, but s h e .......................................................any paper.
Jack did French at school, but h e ...................................................... German.
W rite questions w ith Did ... ?
1
2
3
I
5
12.3
I watched TV last night. H ow about you? .....P1' jjCU watch "IV lASt H alit......................... ?
Ienjoyed the party. H ow about you?
?
Ihad a good holiday. H ow about you?
......................................................................................... ?
Ifinished work early. H ow about you?
......................................................................................... ?
Islept well last night. H ow about you?
......................................................................................... ?
W h a t did you do yesterday? W rite positive or negative sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 2 .4
Unit 12
(watchTV)
I K atclied..TV..... o r .... I d id n ’t watch TV..............................
(get up before 7 o ’clock)
I ......................................................................................................................
(have a shower)................................................................................................................................................
(buy a magazine).................... ........................................................................................................................
(eat meat)
........................................................................................................................
(go to bed before 10.30)...... .........................................................................................................................
W rite B's questions. Use:
arrive
cost
go
go to bed late
h appen
We went to N ew York last m onth.
W h e re .... d i d y e n s t a y .......................... ?
A: W ith some friends.
1 A:
b
5
:
2 A: I was late for the meeting.
B: W hat time ..
.
.................
A: H alf past nine.
w in
We came hom e b y taxi.
li: H ow m u c h ............................................
A: Ten pounds.
A:
?
B: ..............................
7
A:
We w ent to the beach yesterday.
B: ..................................................................................... ?
N o, I lost.
4 A: I had a nice holiday.
11: G o o d .W h e re .............................................?
A: To the mountains.
?
A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well.
B: ..........................................................................................?
1 2 .5
stay
6 A: I’m tired this morning.
?
3 A: I played tennis this afternoon.
A:
have a n ice tim e
A:
8
Yes, it was great.
T he window is broken.
H o w ........................................................ ?
A: I don’t know.
a:
B:
Put th e verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
We w ent to the cinema, but the film wasn’t very good. W e d id n t e+ijoy
it. (enjoy)
Tim
..........................some new clothes yesterday —two shirts, a jacket and a pullover, (buy)
‘.................................................yesterday?’
‘No, it was a nice day.’ (rain)
We were tired, so w e ............................................... long at the party, (stay)
It was very warm in the room, so I ................................................ a window, (open)
‘Did you phone Chris this m orning?’
‘N o, I ............................................... time.’ (have)
‘I cut my hand this m orning.’
‘H o w ................................................ that?’ (do)
‘W hy weren’t you at the m eeting yesterday?’
‘I ............................................... about it.’ (know)
Additional exercises 1 0 -1 3 (page 256)
Unit
13
I was doing (past continuous)
it is 6 o ’c lo c k n ow .
Paul is at h o m e .
H e is w atch in g te le v isio n .
A t 4 o ’c lo c k h e w asn ’t at h o m e .
H e was at th e sp orts clu b .
H e was sw im m in g in th e p o o l.
H e w asn’t w atch in g te le v isio n .
4 .0 0
3 .3 0
h e started
he
s w im m in g
4 .1 5
h e fin ish e d
was sw im m in g
s w im m in g
w a s/w ere + -in g is the past continuous:
I
he
was
she
it
we
w ere
you
d o in g
w atch in g
playing
sw im m in g
livin g
etc.
th ey
□
□
□
□
□
□
question
negative
positive
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
I
was n ot
(wasn’t)
were n ot
(w eren’t)
d oin g
w atch in g
playing
sw im m in g
livin g
was
he
sh e
it
we
were
etc.
you
doing?
watching?
playing?
sw im m ing?
living?
th ey
W hat w ere you d o in g at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working?
‘W hat did he say?’
‘I don’t know. I w asn ’t listening.’
It w as raining, so we didn’t go out.
In 2001 we w ere livin g in Canada.
Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was w earin g trousers.
I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful m orning. The sun was sh in in g and the
birds w ere singin g.
Spelling (live —> living / run —> running / lie —> lying etc.) —> Appendix 5
a m /is/a r e + -in g (present) “ * w as/w ere + -in g (past):
past
p reset It­
'D I’m w ork in g (now).
□ It isn ’t raining (now).
□ W hat are you d oin g (now)?
36
was/were - » U n it 10
□ I was w orkin g at 10.30 last night.
□ It w asn ’t raining when we w ent out.
□ W hat w ere you d o in g at three o ’clock?
I was doing and 1 did (past continuous and simple) - » U n it 14
etc.
Exercises
13.1
Unit 13
Look a t the pictures. W here were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And
w h a t were they doing? W rite tw o sentences fo r each picture.
'iSli®
llF MS |§ || l A ’i f
IfIIi1
2
3
^
II
RACHEL
at hom e
watch TV
1
®
4
TIM
JA C K KATE
at the cinema
watch a film
in his car
drive
TRAC EY
MR A N D M RS HALL
at the station
wait for a train
in the park
walk
Raubei .-00.6 a t borne. She wo.r> teaichirq TV.....................................
2 Jack and K a te ........................................................... T h e y ...................................................................
3 T i m .............................................................................................................................................................
4 ......................................................................................................................................................................
5 ......................................................................................................................................................................
6 And you? I ...............................................................................................................................................
13.2
Sarah did a lot o f things yesterday m orning. Look a t the pictures and com plete the
sentences.
7 .1 0 - 7 .2 5
7.30 - 8.10
8.30 - 9.00
sha.. was... W M ^ng.. b z r c m .
I A t 8 .4 5
2 At 10.45 she
3 At 8 o ’clock
1 2 .0 0 - 1 2 .4 5
9 . 2 0 - 1 0 .0 0
4 At 1 2 .1 0 ......
5 At 7 .1 5 .........
6 At 9 .3 0 .........
13.3
Com plete the questions. Use w as/w ere -in g . Use w h a t/w h e re /w h y if necessary.
J\
.
1 / (you/live)
W here were, you living.....................i n i 9 9 9 ? \
(you/do) ............................................................ at 2 o ’clock?
(it/rain) ..................................................... w hen you got up?
(Sue/drive) .................................................................. so fast?
\ J 4 im/we.ir) ....................................................a suit yesterday? y
1 3.4
/t
/ In London.
I was asleep.
No, it was sunny.
Because she was late.
'y N o , a T-shirt and jeans. J
Look a t the picture. You saw Joe in th e street yesterday aftern o o n . W h a t was he doing?
W rite positive or negative sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
He....wdtsn't wear1
trig a. Jacket,
(wear / a jacket)
(carry / a bag) ........
(go / to the dentist)
(eat / an ice-cream)
(carry / an umbrella)
(go / home) ............
(wear / a hat) ..........
(ride / a bicycle) ....
37
Unit
14
I was doing (past continuous) and
I did (past simple)
jack was reading
a book.
T he phone rang.
H e answered the
phone.
H e stopped reading.
W hat happened? T he phone rang, (past simple)
W hat was Jack d o in g w hen the phone rang?
(past continuous)
H e was readin g a book.
W hat did he d o w hen the phone rang?
H e sto p p ed reading and answered the phone.
(past simple)
Jack began reading before the phone rang.
So w hen the phone rang, he was reading.
the phone
rang
he started
reading
he stopped
reading
he answered
the phone
h e was reading
p a st continuous
p a st sim ple
□ A:
B:
W hat did you do yesterday morning?
We played tennis, (from 10 to 11.30)
□ A:
B:
W hat w ere you d o in g at 10.30?
We w ere p laying tennis.
start
finish
start
10 o ’clock
1 1 .3 0
1 0 o ’clock
1
\
we played
□
□
□
□
38
□ Jack was reading a book w hen the
phone rang.
□ Were you w atch in g television when
I phoned you?
□ It w asn’t raining w hen I got up.
I started work at 9 o ’clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was w orking.
It was raining w hen we w en t out. (= it started raining before we went out)
I saw Lucy and Steve this m orning. They w ere w aitin g at the bus stop.
Kelly fell asleep while she was reading.
I did (past simple) —> Units 1 1 -1 2
‘
unfin ish ed action
complete action
□ Jack read a book yesterday. (= from
beginning to end)
□ D id you w atch the film on television
last night?
□ It d id n ’t rain while we were on
holiday.
\
+
/
/
we w ere p layin g
I was doing (past continuous) —> Unit 13
while - » U n it 105
Exercises
14.1
Unit 1 4
Look a t th e pictures. Put th e verbs in the correct form , past continuous or past simple.
L u c y broke (break) her arm last week.
I t ................................................ (happen) w hen
s h e ................................................ (paint) her
room . S h e ............................................... (fall)
off the ladder.
T he tr a in ............................................... (arrive)
at the station and P au la ......................................
(get) off. Two friends o f hers, Jon and
R a c h e l,
(wait) to
meet her.
Yesterday S u e ........................................... (walk)
along the road w hen s h e ...................... (meet)
James. H e
......................................... (go)
to the station to catch a train and he
............................................... (carry) a bag.
They ................................................ (stop) to
talk tor a few minutes.
14.2
Put the verb into th e past continuous or past simple.
W hat
dci*vj
(you/do) w hen the phone ............. (ring)?
I
K’AS
(watch) television.
Was Jane busy w hen you w ent to see her?
Yes, s h e ............................................... (study).
W hat tim e ............................................................ (the post / arrive) this m orning?
I t ............................................... (come) while I ................................................ (have) breakfast.
Was Tracey at work today?
No, s h e ............................................... (not/go) to work. She was ill.
H ow Iasi ........................................................... (you/drive) w hen the police
(stop) you?
is: I’m not sure, but I ........................................................... (not/drive) very fast.
A:............................................................. (your team / win) the football match yesterday?
B: T he weather was very bad, so w e ............................................... (not/play).
A: I low ........................................................... (you/break) the window?
B: W e ............................................... (play) football. 1
(kick) the ball
and it ............................................... (hit) the window.
A:... .......................................................... (you/see) Jenny last night?
is: Yes, s h e ............................................................ (wear) a very nice jacket.
A: W h a t ........................................................... (you/do) at 2 o ’clock this m orning?
B: I was asleep.
a: 1 ............................................... (lose) my key last night.
B: H o w ............................................... (you/get) into your room?
A: I ............................................... (climb) in through a window.
1 A:
B:
2 A:
B:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
6
7
8
9
10
Additional exercises 1 4 -1 5
(pages 2 5 7 -5 8 )
I have done (present perfect 1)
His shoes are dirty.
H e is cleaning his shoes.
H e has clean ed his shoes.
(= his shoes are clean now)
T hey are at home.
They are going out.
They have g o n e out.
(= they are not at hom e now)
has clean ed / have g o n e etc. is the present perfect (have + p o st participle):
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
have (’ve)
have n o t (haven’t)
has (’s)
has n o t (hasn’t)
cleaned
finished
started
lost
d one
been
go n e
have
I
we
you
they
has
he
she
it
cleaned?
finished?
started?
lost?
done?
been?
gone?
regular verbs
irregular verbs
p a st participle
R egular verbs
T he past participle is -e d (the same as the past simple):
clean —» I have cleaned
finish —* we have finished
start —* she has started
Irregular verbs T he past participle is not -ed.
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same:
buy —> I b ou gh t / 1 have b ou gh t
have —* he had / he has had
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different:
break —* 1 broke / 1 have broken
fall —» it fell / it has fallen
see —> you saw / you have seen
go —* they w en t / they have g on e
We use the present perfect for an action in the p a st with a result now:
□ I’ve lost my passport. (= I can’t find my passport now)
□ ‘W here’s R ebecca?’
‘She’s gon e to bed.’ (= she is in bed now)
□ We’ve b ou g h t a new car. (= we have a new car now)
□ It’s R achel’s birthday tom orrow and I haven ’t b ou g h t her a present. (= I d o n ’t have a
present for her now)
D ‘Bob is away on holiday.’
‘O h, where has he gone?’ (= where is he now?)
□ Can I take this newspaper? H ave you finished w ith it? (= do you need it now?)
present perfect
—*
Units 16-19
present perfect and past simple -» Unit 20
irregular verbs -» Unit 24, Appendix 2 -
Exercises
15.1
Unit 15
Look at the pictures. W h a t has happened? Choose from the box.
go to bed
close the door
-ckaB-hw-sfaoefr
fall down
before
stop raining
have a shower
now
He Has cleaned, bis shoes.
•7
3
4
5
6
1 5.2
Com plete the sentences w ith a verb from the box.
break
invite
buy
read
decide
see
finish
not/see
forget
take
go
tell
g°
not/tell
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
‘Can I have a look at your newspaper?’
‘Yes, I ve -ftr.ished.
with it.’
I ....................................................... some new shoes. D o you want to see them?
‘W here is Liz?’
‘She’s not here. S h e ....................................................... out.’
I’m looking for Paula............................ you
her?
Look! S o m eb o d y .................................... that window.
‘Does Lisa know that you’re going away?’
‘Yes, I ........................................................her.’
I can’t find my umbrella. S o m e b o d y ........................................................it.
‘W here are my glasses?’
‘I don’t know. I ........................................................them .’
I’m looking for Sarah. W h e r e ........................ s h e ...................................... ?
I know that wom an, but I ....................................................... her name.
Sue is having a party tonight. S h e ....................................................... a lot o f people.
W hat are you going to do? ..........................you
?
A: Does Bill know about the m eeting tom orrow?
B: I d o n ’t think so. I ...................................................... him.
14 ‘D o you want this magazine?’
‘No, I .......................................................... it, thanks.’
41
Unit
16
I've ju s t...
I've already ...
I h a v e n 't... yet (present perfect 2)
I’ve ju st ...
ju st = a short time ago
□ A: Are Diane and Paul here?
B: Yes, t h e y ’v e ju st arrived.
□ A:
B:
□ A:
B:
Are you hungry?
N o, I’ve ju st had
d in n e r.
Is Tom here?
N o, I’m afraid h e’s ju s t gone.
(= he h as just gone)
They have ju st arrived.
I’ve already ...
Yes, I know. We-VeA
already met. J
already = before you expected / before I expected
□ A: W hat time are Diane and Paul coming?
B: T h ey ’ve already arrived.
(= before you expected)
□ It’s only 9 o ’clock and Anna has already
g o n e to bed. (= before I expected)
( ”jorT
□ A:
B:
Jon, this is Emma.
Yes, I know. W e’ve already m et.
I h aven ’t ... yet / H ave you ... yet?
yet — until now
We use y et in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences (I haven ’t ... yet)
D A: Are D iane and Paul here?
B: N o, t h e y haven ’t arrived yet.
(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon)
□ A: Does James know that you’re going away?
B: N o, I h aven ’t told him yet.
(but B is going to tell him soon)
□ Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn’t
w orn it yet.
y et in questions (Have you ... yet?)
□ A: H ave Diane and Paul arrived yet?
B: No, not yet. W e’re still waiting for them.
□ A: H as N icole started her new jo b yet?
B: No, she starts next week.
□ A: This is my new dress.
B: O h, it’s nice. H ave you w orn it yet?
42
present perfect -> Units 15, 17-20
word order - * Unit 94
T he film h asn ’t started yet.
Oh, it’s nice. Have
you worn it yet?
still, yet and already -> Unit 95
Exercises
16.1
Unit 1 6
1
TVictj’ye j u s t a rriv e d .
3 T h e y .....
2 H e .......................................................................
16.2
4 T he race
Com plete the sentences. Use already + present perfect.
3\
W hat time is Paul arriving? 3
1 /
2
D o your friends want to see the film?
D o n ’t forget to phone Tom.
3
W hen is M artin going away?
4
D o you want to read the newspaper?
5
W hen does Sarah start her new jo b ? y
f»
16.3
/'T h is is o u r^
W rite a sentence w ith ju s t fo r each picture.
/
n
He’& <x!ready arrived..
No, they .................................
......... it.
I ........................................................
H e ......................................
I ............................................
V jShe .................................................... .............. J
W rite a sentence w ith ju s t (They've j u s t ... / She's j u s t ... etc.) or a negative sentence
w ith yet (They h a v e n 't ... y e t / She hasn't ... y e t etc.).
1 a few m inutes
now
2 a few m inutes /
ag°
(she / go / out)
She h a sn ’t oone. out uet.
(the bus / go)
T he b u s .....................
4 a few m inutes
5 a few m in u tes /
4S°/tos nweir
n ow
ago
now
3 a few m inutes
ago
(the train / leave)
now
6 a Jew m inutes
ago
ago
I
1
(he / open / it)
16 .4
now
(they / finish / their dinner)
(it / stop / raining)
W rite questions w ith yet.
1 Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her:
H ave you s t a r t e d y e a r r.ew job y e t? ...................................................................................
2 Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him:
.................y o u .........................................................................................................................
3 Your friend must pay her phone bill. Perhaps she has paid it. You ask her:
4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it. You ask a friend about Tom:
now
Have you e v e r... ? (present perfect 3)
We use the present perfect (have b een / have had / have played etc.) w hen we talk about
a time from the past until now —for example, a person’s life:
H ave you ever b een to Japan?
tim e from the p a st u n til n o w ----p a st
now
□ ‘H ave you b een to France?’
‘No, I haven’t.’
□ I’ve b een to Canada, but I haven’t b een to the U nited States.
□ M ary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many
places.
□ I’ve seen that wom an before, but I can’t rem em ber where.
□ H ow many times has Brazil w o n the World Cup?
□ ‘H ave you read this book?’
‘Yes, I’ve read it twice.’ (tw ice = two times)
present perfect + ever (in questions) and never:
□
□
□
□
□
‘H as A nn ever b een to Australia?’
‘Yes, once.’ (once = one time)
‘H ave you ever played golf?’
‘Yes, I play a lot.’
M y sister has never travelled by plane.
I’ve never ridden a horse.
‘W h o is that man?’
‘I don’t know. I’ve never seen him before.’
gon e and b een
two weeks later
Bill has g o n e to Spain.
(= he is in Spain now)
Bill has b een to Spain.
(= he went to Spain, but now he is back)
Compare:
□ I can’t find Susan. W here has she gone? (= where is she now?)
O O h , hello Susan! I was looking for you. W here have you been?
present perfect -» Units 15-16, 18
present perfect and past simple —> Unit 20
Exercises
17.1
Unit 17
You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ... ?
W rite the questions.
Helen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
17.2
(London?)
(play / golt?)
(Australia?)
(lose / your passport?)
(fly / in a helicopter?)
(win / a race?)
(New York?)
(drive / a bus?)
(break / your leg?)
Hove yow ever....been to, London?
Have. ucw ever played. tjolf ?........
H a v e ........................................................
No, never.
Yes, many times.
Yes, once.
No, never.
Yes, a few times.
No, never.
Yes, twice.
No, never.
V^Yes, once.
W rite sentences abo u t Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.)
1 (NewYork)
She’s been to New York twice................................................
2 (Australia) S h e ....................................................................................................
3 (win / a race) .......................................................................................................
4 (fly / in a helicopter) .........................................................................................
Now w rite about yourself. How o ften have you done these things?
5
6
7
8
1 7.3
(New York) I .......................................................................................................
(play / tennis) ......................................................................................................
(drive / a lorry) ...................................................................................................
(be / late for work or school) ..........................................................................
M ary is 6 5 years old. She has had an interesting life. W h a t has she done?
have
do
travel
be
write
m eet
all over the world
many different jo b s
ten books
a lot ot interesting things
a lot o f interesting people
married three times
M ary
1 7 .4
1
S h e lists had. rr.Antj d if f e r e n t jo b s .
2
3
4
5
6
S h e ................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
................................................................................
W rite gone or been.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bill is on holiday at the m om ent. H e ’s
SP.nt. to Spain.
‘W h ere’s Jane?’
‘She’s not here. I think she’s ............................. to the bank.’
Hello, Sue. W here have you ............................. ? I lave you .............................. to the bank?
‘Have you e v e r............................. to M exico?’
‘No, never.’
M y parents aren’t at hom e at the m om ent. T hey’v e ............................. out.
T h ere’s a new restaurant in town. Have you ............................. to it?
Rebecca knows Paris well. She’s ............................. there many times.
H elen was here earlier, but I think she’s ............................... now.
Additional exercises 16, 18 (pages 2 5 8 -5 9 , 260)
How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
How Long Have, yow
been in Ireland.?
jane is on holiday in Ireland.
She is there now.
Since
M onday.
She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
Today is Thursday.
H ow long has she b een in Ireland?
C1 ,
.
T i l l since M onday
She has b een m Ireland I
[ for three days.
Com pare is and has been:
S h e is in Ireland
is = present
now .
She has b een in Ireland
since M onday,
for three days.
has b een = present perfect
n ow
M onday
Thursday
Compare:
present sim ple
present perfect sim ple (have been / have lived / have
know n etc.)
Dan and Kate are m arried.
Are you married?
D o you k n ow Lisa?
I k n ow Lisa.
Vicky lives in London.
I have a car.
They have been m arried for five years.
(wot They are m arried for five years.)
H o w lo n g have you b een married?
(not H ow long are you married?)
H o w lo n g have you know n her?
(not H ow long do you know her?)
I’ve k n ow n her for a lo n g tim e.
(not I know her for ...)
H o w lo n g has she lived in London?
She has lived there all her life.
H o w lo n g have you had your car?
I’ve had it since April.
present continuous
present perfect continuous (have b een + -ing)
I’m learn in g German.
H o w lo n g have you been learn in g German?
(not H ow long are you learning German?)
I’ve b een learn in g Germ an for tw o years.
H o w lo n g has he b een w atch in g TV?
H e ’s b een (= H e has been) w atch in g TV since 5 o ’clock.
It’s b een (= It has been) raining all day.
David is w atch in g TV.
It’s raining.
for and since -> Units 19, 1 04
Exercises
18.1
Com plete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18.2
Unit 18
Jane is in Ireland. She
beer..... j n Ireland since Monday.
I know Lisa. I
Have kr.swn
her for a long time.
Sarah and Andy are married. T h e y ..................................................married since 1999.
Brian is ill. H e ..................................................ill for the last few days.
We live in Scott R oad. W e ..................................................there for a long time.
C atherine works in a bank. S h e ..................................................in a bank for five years.
Alan has a headache. H e ................................................ a headache since he got up this m orning.
I’m learning English. I .............................................................. English for six months.
M ake questions w ith How long ... ?
^
jane is on h o lid a y ^
/f
How lonq h a s sh e been on HCvdan
18.3
Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences w ith :
for ten minutes
for ten years
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 8.4
all day
since he was 20
all her life
since Sunday
T hey h a v e b een m a m e d - for te n y e a r s . ................................................................. .........................
S h e ....................................................................................................................................................................
T h e y ............................................................................................................................... ..................................
T he s u n ......................................................................................................................... ..................................
S h e ....................................................................................................................................................................
H e .....................................................................................................................................................................
W h ich is right?
1 M ark dives-/ has lived in Canada since April.
(has lived is right)
2 Jane and I are friends. I know / I’ve know n her very well.
3 jane and I are friends. I know / I’ve known her for a long time.
4 A: Sorry I’m late. H ow long are you w aiting/ have you been waiting?
B: N o t long. Only f iv e minutes.
5 M artin works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his jo b a lot.
6 R u th is reading the newspaper. She is reading / She has been reading it for two hours.
7 ‘H ow long do you live / have yon lived in this house?’
‘About ten years.’
8 ‘Is that a new coat?’
‘No, I have / I’ve had this coat for a long time.’
9 Tom is / has been in Spain at the m om ent. H e is / He has been there for the last three days.
47
Unit
19
fo r
since
ago
for and since
We use for and since to say how long:
□ Jane is in Ireland. She has been there
for three days,
since M onday.
We use for + a period o f time
(three days / tw o years etc.):
We use since + the start o f the period
(M onday / 9 o ’clock etc.):
start of
the period
I
for three days
M onday
Tuesday
since M onday
Monday
Wednesday
past
post
for
three days
an hour
a week
a m onth
five years
since
M onday
9 o ’clock
24 July
January
1985
ten minutes
two hours
four weeks
six months
a long time
Wednesday
12.30
Christmas
I was ten years old
we arrived
□ R ichard has been in Canada for six
m o n th s. (n o t since six months)
□ R ichard has been in Canada since
January. (= from January to now)
□ W e’ve been waiting for tw o hours.
(not since two hours)
□ W e’ve been waiting since 9 o ’clock.
(= from 9 o ’clock to now)
□ I’ve lived in London for a lo n g tim e.
□ I’ve lived in London since I was ten
years old.
ago
ago = before now:
□ Susan started her new jo b three w eeks ago. (= three weeks before now)
D W h e n did Tom go out?’
‘Ten m in u tes ago.’ (= ten minutes before now)
□ I had dinner an h our ago.
□ Life was very different a hundred years ago.
We use ago w ith the p a st (sta rted /d id /h a d /w a s etc.).
Compare ago and for:
□ W h en did Jane arrive in Ireland?
She arrived in Ireland three days ago.
□ H o w lo n g has she been in Ireland?
She has b een in Ireland for three days.
48
present perfect + for/sinee - » Unit 18
fro m /u ntil/sin ee/for -» Unit 104
for and during - » Unit 105
Exercises
19.1
W rite fo r or since.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
19.2
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
W hen
was your last meal?............................................Three...howrs A49-..............................................
was the last time you were ill?
........................
did you last go to the cinema?
........................
was the last time you were in a car?
........................
was the last time you went on holiday? ........................
C om plete th e se n ten c es. Use fo r o r a g o w ith th e s e words.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
19 .4
Jane has been in Irelan d ......sbr.ce...... Monday.
three days.
jane has been in Irelan d .......for
M y aunt has lived in A ustralia....................... 15 years.
Jennifer is in her office. She has been th e r e ......................... 7 o ’clock.
India has been an independent c o u n try ........................ 1947.
T he bus is late. W e’ve been w a itin g ........................ 20 minutes.
N obody lives in those houses. They have been e m p ty ......................... many years.
M ichael has been i l l ........................a long time. H e has been in hospital....................... O ctober.
A nsw er th e s e q u estio n s. Use ago.
1
2
3
I
5
19.3
Unit 1 9
Jane arrived in Ire la n d three.
aao...................................
jane has been in Ire la n d -for th ree cUujS...............................
Lynn and M ark have been m arried ..............................................
l.ynn and M ark got m arried ..........................................................
Dan arriv e d ........................................................................................
I bought these sh o e s ........................................................................
Silvia has been learning E n g lish ....................................................
Have you known L isa ......................................................................
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
?
(three days)
(three days)
(20 years)
(20 years)
(an hour)
(a few days)
(six months)
(a long time)
C om plete th e se n te n c e s w ith fo r or since.
1 (Jane is in Ireland —she arrived there three days ago)
Jar.e h&s .been. in IrehmA f o r th re e
.......................
2 (Jack is here —he arrived on Tuesday)
Jack h a s ................................................................................................
3 (It’s raining —it started an hour ago)
It’s b e e n ...............................................................................................
4 (I know Sue —I first m et her in 2002)
I’ve ........................................................................................................
5 (Claire and M atthew are m arried —they got m arried six m onths ago)
Claire and M atthew h a v e .....................................................................................................................
6 (Liz is studying m edicine at university —she started three years ago)
Liz h a s .......................................................................................................................................................
7 (David plays the piano —he started w hen he was seven years old)
David h a s ..................................................................................................................................................
19.5
W rite se n te n c e s a b o u t yourself. Begin your se n te n c e s w ith:
I’ve lived ...
I’ve b een ...
I’ve b een learn in g ...
I’ve know n ...
I’ve h a d ...
1
i!ve lived. In th is town for th ree y ea rs...................................................................................
2
3
4
5
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
—* Additional exercises 1 6 -1 8
(pages 2 5 8 -6 0 )
Unit
20
I have done (present perfect) and
I did (past)
W ith a finished tim e (yesterday / last w eek etc.), we use the past (a rriv ed /sa w /w a s etc.):
+ finished tim e
p a st
yesterday
last w eek
six m on th s ago
yesterday.
last week.
at 3 o ’clock.
in 2002.
six months ago.
We arrived
fin is h e d tim e
p a st
now
D o not use the present perfect (have arrived / have d on e / have b een etc.) with a finished
time:
□ I saw Paula yesterday. (not I have seen)
□ W here w ere you on Sunday afternoon? (not W here have you been)
□ We d id n ’t have a holiday last year, (not We haven’t had)
□ W h a t did you d o last night?’
‘I stayed at home.’
□ William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. H e w rote many
plays and poems.
Use the past to ask W hen ... ? or W hat tim e ... ?:
□ W hen did you b uy your computer? (wot W hen have you bought?)
□ W hat tim e did Andy go out? (not W hat time has Andy gone out)
Compare:
present perfect
pa st
□ I have lo st my key.
(= 1 can’t find it now)
□ I lost my key last w eek.
□ Ben has g o n e home.
(= he isn’t here now)
□ Ben w en t hom e ten m in u tes ago.
□ H ave you seen Kate?
(= w here is she now?)
□ D id you see Kate on Saturday?
fin is h e d tim e ------------------
tim e u n til now
p ast
50
now
p a st
now
□ H ave you ever b een to Spain?
(= in your life, until now)
□ D id you go to Spain last year?
□ M y friend is a writer. He has w ritten
many books.
□ Shakespeare w rote many plays and
poems.
□ T he letter hasn’t arrived yet.
D T he letter d id n ’t arrive yesterday.
□ We’ve lived in Singapore for six years.
(= we live there now)
□ We lived in Glasgow for six years, but
now we live in Singapore.
past simple -» Units 1 1 -1 2
present perfect —> Units 1 5 - 1 8
Exercises
20.1
Unit 2 0
C om plete the answers to the questions.
Y
f
2 0 .2
OK
I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it.
Have you seen Kate yesterday?
Did, uoia see
I’ve finished my work at 2 o ’clock..................................................
I’m ready now. I’ve finished my work...........................................
W hat time have you finished your work?
.............................
Sue isn’t here. She’s gone out............................ .............................
Steve’s grandm other lias died two years ago.................................
W here have you been last night?....................... ..............................
Put the verb in th e present p erfect or past.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2 0 .4
/ Yes,......I saw rice......................... live minutes ago.
Yes, I ............................................................ last week.
Yes, th e y .................................................. at 5 o ’clock.
Yes,.............................................................. on Friday.
\ Yes,................................................................. yesterday^/
Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs th a t are wrong. (The verbs are u n d erlin ed .)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 0 .3
.____________ Y
Have you seen Kate? \
Have you started your new job?
Have your friends arrived?
Has Sarah gone away?
Have you w orn your new suit? J
M y friend is a writer. H e ka.5 w ritten
(write) many books.
W e dittr. fc h a v e
(not/have) a holiday last year.
I ............................................... (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
W hat tim e ............................................... (you/go) to bed last night?
....................................................................... (you/ever/m eet) a famous person?
The w e ath er............................................... (not/be) very good yesterday.
Kathy travels a lot. S h e
(visit) many countries.
I................................................ (switch) off the light before going out this m orning.
I live in
N ew York
now, but
I ............. (live) in Mexico for many years.
‘W h at’s Canada like? Is it beautiful?’
‘I don’t know. I
(not/be) there.’
Put th e verb in th e present p erfect or past.
1 A:
B:
Hccve
Yes, w e
A:
2
ever b e er.
(you/ever, be) t o Florida?
ic e rt
(go) there on holiday two years ago.
(you/have) a good time?
(be) great.
uou
B:
Yes, i t
A:
W here’s Alan? ................................................ (you/see) him?
Yes, h e ............................................... (go) out a few minutes ago.
And Rachel?
I don’t know. 1 ............................................... (not/see) her.
B:
A:
B:
.3 R ose works in a factory. S h e ................................................ (work) there for six m onths.
Before that s h e ............................................... (be) a waitress in a restaurant. She
............................................... (work) there for two years, but s h e ............................................
(not/enjoy) it very much.
4
D o you know M artin’s sister?
B: 1 ................................ (see) lier a few times, but I .........................................................................
(never/speak) to her.......................................................................... (you/ever/speak) to her?
A: Yes. 1 ............................................... (meet) her at a party last week. She’s very nice.
A-.
-» Additional exercises 1 9 -2 3 , 2 9 -3 1
(pages 2 6 0 -6 2 , 2 6 5 -6 7 )
Unit
21
is done
was done (passive 1)
T he office is clean ed every day.
The office was clean ed yesterday.
Com pare active and passive:
Som ebody cleans
the office
____________________
I
T he office
(active)
is clean ed every day.
Som ebody clean ed
I
T he office
every day.
the office
(passive)
yesterday,
was cleaned yesterday.
(active)
(passive)
T he passive is:
past participle
present sim ple
p a st sim ple
a m /is /a r e
w as/w ere
, A
(not)
+
cleaned
invented
injured
d one
built
taken
etc.
T he past participle o f regular verbs is -e d (cleaned/dam aged etc.).
For a list o f irregular past participles (d o n e/b u ilt/ta k en etc.), see Appendix 2—3.
□
□
□
□
B utter is m a d e from milk.
Oranges are im p o rted into Britain.
H ow often are these rooms cleaned?
I am never invited to parties.
□
□
□
□
□
This house was built 100 years ago.
These houses were built 100 years ago.
W hen was the telephone invented?
We w eren ’t invited to the party last week.
‘Was anybody injured in the accident?’
‘Yes, two people were taken to hospital.’
w as/w ere b orn
□ I was b orn in Berlin in 1989. (not I am born)
□ ‘W here w ere you born?’
‘In Cairo.’
passive + by ...
□ T he telephone was invented by A lexander B ell in 1876. (= Alexander Bell invented it)
□ I was bitten by a d o g a few days ago.
O D o you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend o f m in e.
52
is being done / has been done —> U n it 22
active and passive —» Appendix 1
irregular verbs —> U n it 24, Appendix 2 - 3
by —> U n it 111
Exercises
21.1
Unit 21
W rite sentences from these words. Some o f the sentences are questions.
Sentences 1 - 7 are present.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(the office / clean / every day)
(these rooms / clean / every day?)
(glass / make / from sand)
(stamps / sell / in a post office)
(this room / not / use / very often)
(we / allow / to park here?)
(how / this word / pronounce?)
The. c-fflce is cleared. every d a y .
Are these rocn^ cleaned, every d ay ?
Glass....................................................................
Sentences 8 - 1 5 are past.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
2 1 .2
These sentences are n o t correct. Correct them .
1
2
3
I
5
6
7
8
2 1 .3
TVe. o ffic e imos cleaned y esterd ay .
(the office / clean / yesterday)
(the house / paint / last m onth)
T he h o u s e ......................................................
(my phone / steal / a few days ago)
(three people / injure / in the accident)
(when / this bridge / build?)
(I / not / wake up / by the noise)
(how / these windows / break?)
(you / invite / to Jo n ’s party last week?)
T im house built 100 years ago.
prT:>bcuse was bi/tilfc..........................
Football plays in most countries o f the world.
........................................................................
W hy did the letter send to the wrong address?
........................................................................
A garage is a place where cars repair................................. ........................................................................
W here are you born?
........................................................................
H ow many languages are speaking in Switzerland?
...............................
...................................
Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen............................................................................
W hen was invented the bicycle?
.........................................................................
C om plete the sentences. Use th e passive (present o r past) o f these verbs:
clean
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 1 .4
dam age
find
give
invite
m ake
m ake
show
steal
take
T he r o o m
is cleaned.
every day.
I saw an accident yesterday. Two p e o p le were taker.
to hospital.
P a p e r.............................................. from wood.
T here was a fire at the hotel last week. Two o f the ro o m s.................................................
‘W here did you get this picture?’
‘I t ................................................ to me by a friend o f mine.’
M any Am erican program m es................................................ on British television.
‘Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?’
‘No. T h e y
, but they didn’t go.’
‘H ow old is this film?’
‘I t
in 1965.’
M y c a r ...............................................last week, but the next day i t .................................................. by
the police.
W h ere were they born?
1
2
3
4
5
(Ian / Edinburgh)
(Sally / Manchester)
(her parents / Ireland)
(you / ???)
(your m other / ???)
Ian W0.6 bom in Edinburgh........................................................................
S ally........................................................................................................................
H e r .........................................................................................................................
I ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
53
Unit
22
is being done
(passive 2)
has been done
is/a re b ein g ... (present continuous passive)
Somebody is p ain tin g
T he door
the door . (active)
is b ein g painted.
(passive)
□ M y car is at the garage. It is b ein g repaired. (= somebody is repairing it)
□ Some new houses are b ein g b uilt opposite the park. (= somebody is building them)
Com pare the present continuous and present simple:
□ T h e office is b ein g cleaned at the m om ent, (continuous)
T he office is cleaned every day. (simple)
□ In B ritain football matches are often played at the weekend, but
no matches are b ein g played next weekend.
For the present continuous and present simple, see Units 8 and 25.
has/h ave b een ... (present perfect passive)
before
now
Somebody has painted
The door
□
□
□
□
the door
has been painted.
M y key has b een stolen. (= somebody has stolen it)
M y keys have b een stolen. (= somebody has stolen them)
I’m n o t going to the party. I haven’t been invited. (= nobody has invited me)
H as this shirt been washed? (= has somebody washed it?)
Com pare the present perfect and past simple:
□ T h e room isn’t dirty any more. It has been cleaned, (present perfect)
T he room was clean ed yesterday, (past simple)
□ I can’t find my keys. I think they’ve been stolen, (present perfect)
M y keys were stolen last week, (past simple)
For the present perfect and past simple, see U nit 20.
54
(passive)
is done / was done —> U n it 21
active and passive —> Appendix 1
Exercises
22.1
Unit
W hat's happening?
1 T he c a r b beu'fl repaired.................................
2 A b rid g e .....................................................................
22.2
3 T he w in d o w s.....................................
4 T he grass.............................................
Look at th e pictures. W h a t is happening or w h a t has happened? Use the present
continuous (is/are being ...) or the present perfect (has/have been ...).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 2 .3
22
(the office / clean)
The efface is bmvj clea n ed ..........................................................................
(the shirts / iron)
The sh irts have been ironed.............................................................................
(the window / break) T he w in d o w .........................................................................................................
(the root / repair) T he r o o f.......................................................................................................................
(the car / damage) ........................................................................................................................................
(the houses / knock / down) ....................................................................................................................
(the trees / cut / down) .............................................................................................................................
(they / invite / to a party) .........................................................................................................................
C om plete th e sen ten c es. (S tudy U nit 21 before you do th is exercise.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I can’t use my office at the m om ent, f t is beiutj pminted,
(paint).
We didn’t go to the party. W e were*1i invited.
(not/invite).
T he washing m achine was broken, but it’s O K now. I t ..................................................... (repair).
T he washing machine ............................................................ (repair) yesterday afternoon.
A factory is a place where th in g s............................................................ (make).
H ow old are these houses? W h e n ........................................................... (they/build)?
A: ................................................................................... (the com puter / use) at the m om ent?
B: Yes, Steve is using it.
8 I’ve never seen these flowers before. W h a t ........................................................... (they/call)?
9 M y sunglasses........................................................... (steal) at the beach yesterday.
10 T he bridge is closed at the m om ent. I t ........................................................... (damage) last week
and it .................................................................................... (not/repair) yet.
—> Additional exercises 2 4 -2 7
(pages 2 6 3 -6 4 )
be/have/do in present and past tenses
be (— a m /is/a r e /w a s/w e r e ) + -in g (clean in g/w ork in g etc.)
a m /is /a r e + -ing
(present continuous)
—> Units 3—4 and 25
w a s/w ere + -ing
(past continuous)
—> U n it 13
□ Please be quiet. I'm w orking.
□ It isn ’t raining at the m om ent.
□ W hat are you d o in g this evening?
□ I was w orking w hen she arrived.
□ It w asn’t raining, so we didn’t need an umbrella.
□ W hat w ere you d o in g at 3 o ’clock?
be + past participle (c le a n e d /m a d e/e a ten etc.)
a m /is/a r e + past participle
(passive present simple)
-> U nit 21
w a s/w ere + past participle
(passive past simple)
U n it 21
□ I’m never invited to parties.
□ B utter is m ade from milk.
□ These offices aren’t clean ed every day.
□
□
□
□
T he office was cleaned yesterday.
These houses w ere built 100 years ago.
H ow was the window broken?
W here w ere you born?
h ave/h as + past participle (c le a n e d /lo st/e a te n /b e e n etc.)
h ave/has + past participle
(present perfect)
—> Units 15—18
□
□
□
□
I’ve cleaned my room.
Tom has lost his passport.
Kate hasn’t been to Canada.
W here have Paul and N icole gone?
d o /d o e s /d id + infinitive (c le a n /lik e /e a t/g o etc.)
d o /d o e s + infinitive
(present simple negative
and questions)
—> Units 6—7
did + infinitive
(past simple negative and
questions)
-rf U nit 12
irregular verbs —> U n it 2 4 , Appendix 2 - 3
□
□
□
□
I like coffee, but I d o n ’t like tea.
Chris d o esn ’t g o out very often.
W hat do you usually do at weekends?
D o e s Silvia live alone?
□ I d id n ’t w atch TV yesterday.
□ It d id n ’t rain last week.
□ W hat time did Paul and Nicole go out?
Exercises
23.1
Unit 2 3
W rite is/are or do/does.
1
you work in the evenings?
2 W h e r e PfP
they going?
3 W hy
you looking at me?
4
Bill live near you?
5
you like cooking?
2 3 .2
W rite am n o t/is n ’t/a r e n 't or d o n 't/d o e s n 't. All these sentences are negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 3 .3
6
the sun shining?
7 W hat ti m e
the shops close?
8 ........... M aria working today?
9 W h a t ............ this word mean?
10
you
feeling all right?
T o m ct/)p;>vi t
w ork at weekends.
I’m very tired. I
want to go out this evening.
T’m very tired. 1
. going out this evening.
G a ry ............................... working this week. H e ’s on holiday.
M y parents are usually at home. T h e y ............................... go out very often.
N icole has travelled a lot, but s h e ............................. speak any foreign languages.
You can turn off the television. I ............................. watching it.
Liz has invited us to her party next week, but w e ............................... going.
W rite w as/w ere/d id /h ave/has.
1 W h e re
your shoes made?
2 ......................... you go out last night?
3 W hat
you doing at 10.30?
4 W h e r e ......................... your m other born?
5............................Barbara gone home?
2 3 .4
W hat ti m e ...........................she go?
W hen
these houses built?
Steve arrived yet?
W h y .......................... you go hom e early?
H ow lo n g ......................... they been married?
W rite is/are/w as/w ere/h ave/h as.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 3 .5
6
7
8
9
10
J o e hAP lost his passport.
This b rid g e ................... built ten years ago.
................... you finished your work yet?
This town is always clean. T he streets
cleaned every day.
W h e re ..................you born?
I ...................just made some coffee. W ould you like some?
G lass..................made from sand.
This is a very old photograph. I t ................. taken a long time ago.
D a v id ................... bought a new car.
Com plete the sentences. Choose from the box and p ut the verb into the correct form .
damage
listen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
rain
use
enjoy
open
-gego
pronounce
understand
eat
I’m going to take an umbrella w ith me. It’s
rsinuri)......
W hy are you so tired? Did you
<JP. to bed late last night?
W here are the chocolates? Have y o u ..................................... them all?
H ow is your new job? Are you .................................... it?
M y car was b a d ly ..................................... in the accident, but I was OK.
Chris has got a car, but she doesn’t
it very often.
M ary isn’t at home. She h a s ................................... away for a few days.
I d o n ’t .................................... the problem. Can you explain it again?
M artin is in his room. H e ’s .................................... to music.
I d o n ’t know how to say this word. H ow is i t ..................................... ?
H ow do y o u .................................... this window? Can you show me?
57
Regular and irregular verbs
R egular verbs
T he p a st sim ple and p a st participle o f regular verbs is -ed:
clean —» cleaned
live —» lived
paint —» painted
study —» studied
Past sim ple (—» U n it 11)
□ I clean ed my room yesterday.
□ Charlie studied engineering at university
Past participle
h ave/has + p a st participle (present perfect —> Units 15—18):
□ I have clean ed my room.
□ Tina has lived in London for ten years.
be (is/a re/w e re/h a s b een etc.) + p a st participle (passive —> Units 21—22):
□ These rooms are cleaned every day.
□ M y car has b een repaired.
Irregular verbs
The past simple and past participle o f irregular verbs do not end in -ed:
pa st sim ple
p a st participle
make
break
cut
m ad e
m ad e
broke
broken
cut
cut
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same. For example:
pa st sim ple
pa st participle
make
find
buy
cut
m ad e
fou n d
b ou gh t
cut
□ I m a d e a cake yesterday, (past simple)
□ I have m a d e some coffee, (past participle —present perfect)
□ B utter is m ad e from milk, (past participle — passive present)
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different. For example:
pa st sim ple
past participle
break
know
begin
g°
broke
broken
knew
know n
began
b egu n
w ent
g on e
□ Som ebody broke this window last night, (past simple)
□ Som ebody has broken this window, (past participle — present perfect)
□ This window was broken last night, (past participle — passive past)
irregular verbs -> Appendix 2 - 3
spelling (regular verbs) —> Appendix 5
Exercises
24.1
Unit 2 4
W rite the past simple / past participle o f these verbs. (The past simple and past
p articip le are the same fo r all the verbs in this exercise.)
1
2
3
4
5
make
cut
get
bring
pay
.............................
c u t..................
.............................
.............................
.............................
6
7
8
9
10
enjoy
buy
sit
leave
happen
..............................
..............................
..............................
II
12
13
14
15
hear................ ..................
put
..................
catch
..................
watch
..................
understand ..................
24.2
1 break
2
3
4
5
6
7
2 4 .3
begin
eat
drink
drive
speak
w rite
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
come
know
take
g°
give
throw
forget
Put th e verb in the rig h t form .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
II
15
2 4 .4
brc<e...................... broken
1 washed.
my hands because they were dirty, (wash)
Somebody h a s broken
this window, (break)
I feel good. I .............................. very well last night, (sleep)
W e ............................. a really good film yesterday, (see)
I t ............................... a lot while we were on holiday, (rain)
I’v e ............................. my bag. (lose) Have y o u ................................. it? (see)
R o sa’s bicycle w a s ............................... last week, (steal)
I ............................. to bed early because I was tired, (go)
Have y o u
your w ork yet? (finish)
T he shopping centre w a s ............................. about 20 years ago. (build)
A n n a ............................. to drive w hen she was 18. (learn)
I’ve n e v e r............................... a horse, (ride)
Julia is a good friend o f mine. I’v e
her for a long time, (know)
Yesterday 1 ............................. a n d ..................................my leg. (fall / hurt)
M y b ro th e r............................. in the London M arathon last year. Have you ever
............................... in a marathon? (run / run)
C om plete these sentences. Choose from the box and p ut the verb into th e correct form .
cost
speak
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
drive
swim
fly
tell
-m ak e
think
m eet
wake up
sell
win
I h a v e rna.d,r. some coffee. Would you like some?
Have y o u ............................. John about your new job?
We played basketball on Sunday.
We.d idn’t play very well, but w e ..................... the game.
I know Gary, but I’ve n e v e r..............................his wife.
We w e re ..............................by loud music in the m iddle o f the night.
Stephanie jum ped into the river a n d ............................... to the other side.
‘Did you like the film?’
‘Yes, I
it was very good.’
M any different languages a r e ..............................in the Philippines.
O u r h o lid ay
a lot o f m oney because we stayed in an expensive hotel.
Have you e v e r............................... a very fast car?
All the tickets for the concert w e re ............................... very quickly.
A b ir d
......................in through the open w indow while we were having our dinner.
59
Unit
25
W hat are you doing tomorrow?
today is S u n d a y
• \V
V '
T im
They are p layin g tennis (now).
ploying tennis tom orrow.^
H e is playing tennis tom orrow .
We use a m /is /a r e + -in g (present continuous) for som ething happening now:
□ ‘W here are Sue and Amanda?’
‘They’re p laying tennis in the park.’
□ Please be quiet. I’m w orking.
We also use a m /is /a r e + -in g for the fu tu r e (tom orrow / next week etc.):
□ Andrew is p laying tennis tomorrow.
□ I’m not w ork in g next week.
I am d o in g so m e th in g to m o rro w = I have arranged to do it, I have a plan to do it:
□ Sophie is g o in g to the dentist on Friday.
(= she has an appointm ent w ith the dentist)
□ We’re h avin g a party next weekend.
□ Are you m e e tin g your friends tonight?
□ W hat are you d o in g tom orrow evening?
□ I’m not g o in g out tonight. I’m staying at home.
I’m going to cl
concert tomorrow.
You can also say ‘I’m g o in g to do som ething’ (—» U nit 26).
Be careful! D o not use the present sim ple (I stay / do you go etc.) to say w hat somebody has
arranged to do:
□ I’m staying at hom e this evening. (no t I stay)
□ Are you g o in g out tonight? (not Do you go)
□ Lisa isn ’t c o m in g to the party next week. (not Lisa doesn’t come)
But we use the present simple for timetables, programmes, trains, buses etc. :
□ T h e train arrives at 7.30.
□ W hat time does the film finish?
Compare:
present sim ple (for timetables, programmes etc.)
present continuous (usually for people)
D T he concert starts at 7.30.
□ W hat time does your train leave?
□ I’m g o in g to a concert tomorrow.
□ W hat time are you leaving?
I
60
present continuous —> Units 3 - 4
present sim ple —> Units 5 - 7
I’m going to ... —» U n it 26
Exercises
25.1
Look a t th e pictures. W h a t are these people doing next Friday?
AN DREW
1
2
3
4
5
2 5 .2
R IC H A R D
RACHEL
KAREN
TO M A N D SI >E
Andrew is pltupiq tennis cr. Fruiuu..........
R ic h a rd .........................................to the cinema.
R a c h e l.....................................................................................................
................................................................................... lunch w ith Ken.
...................................................................................................................
W rite questions. All the sentences are fu tu re .
1
2
3
4
5
2 5 .3
Unit 2 5
(you / go / out / tonight?)
(you / work / next week?)
(what / you / do / tom orrow evening?)
(what time / your friends / come?)
(when / Liz t go / on holiday?)
Are you gouag owfc tonight?........................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
W rite sentences ab o u t yourself. W h a t are you doing in the next few days?
1
2
l’ro stAuinq fti Force tonight..................................................................
lV. qotrg to th e th e a tre on Mor.clax; ...........................................................
3 .............................................................................................................................................................................
4 .............................................................................................................................................................................
5 .............................................................................................................................................................................
6 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 5 .4
Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving etc.) or present simple (th e tra in
leaves etc.).
1 ‘ Are, you gclr.g
(you/go) out tonight?’
‘No, I’m too tired.’
2
We. re going
(we go) to a concert tonight
it s t a r t s
(it/start) at 7.30.
3 D o you know about Sally? ........................................................... (she/get) m arried next m onth!
4 A: M y p aren ts........................................................... (go) on holiday next week.
B: O h, that’s nice. W here ........................................................... (they/go)?
5 Silvia is doing an English course at the m om ent. T he c o u rs e ..........................................................
(finish) on Friday.
6 T h ere’s a party tom orrow night, b u t ........................................................... (I/n o t/g o ).
7 ........................................................... (I/go) out w ith some triends tonight. W hy d o n ’t you come
too? ........................................................... (we/m eet) outside the Royal H otel at 8 o ’clock.
8 A: H o w
(you/get) hom e after the party tom orrow? By taxi?
11: N o, I can go by bus. T he last bus ........................................................... (leave) at midnight.
9 A: D o you want to go to the cinema tonight?
11: Yes, w hat time ........................................................... (the tilm / begin)?
10 A: W h a t ........................................................... (you/do) tom orrow afternoon?
B: ........................................................... (I/w ork).
61
Unit
26
I'm going to
She is g o in g to w atch TV this evening.
We use a m /is/a r e g o in g to ... for th e fu tu re :
I
h e /sh e /it
w e/y o u /th ey
am
is
are
am
is
are
I
h e /sh e /it
w e/y o u /th ey
(not) g o in g to
g o in g to
do ...
drink ...
watch ...
buy ... ?
eat . . . 1
wear ... ?
I am g o in g to do so m eth in g = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it:
I decided to do i t --------- »p a st
□
□
□
□
□
□
I’m g o in g to do it
now
fu tu r e
I’m g o in g to buy some books tomorrow.
Sarah is g o in g to sell her car.
I’m n o t g o in g to have breakfast this m orning. I’m not hungry.
W hat are you g o in g to wear to the wedding next week?
‘Your hands are dirty.’
‘Yes, I know. I’m g o in g to wash them.’
A re you g o in g to invite M artin to your party?
We also use the present continuous (I am doing) for the future, usually for arrangements
(—> U nit 25):
□ I am p layin g tennis with Julia tomorrow.
Something is g o in g to happen
Something is g o in g to happen = we can see
now that it is sure to happen:
□ Look at the sky! It’s g o in g to rain.
(black clouds now —> rain)
□ O h dear! It’s 9 o ’clock and I’m not ready.
I’m g o in g to b e late.
(9 o ’clock now and not ready —> late)
62
present fo r the fu tu re —» Unit 2 5
w ill —» Units 2 7 - 2 8
going to r a m . ^
Exercises
Unit 2 6
26.1
W h a t are these people saying?
2 6 .2
C om plete the sentences. Use going to + these verbs:
do
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 6 .3
eat
give
lie d ow n
stay
walk
-wash
w atch
-wear
M y hands are dirty.
i rr CO'X.q to welsh
them.
W h a t coo iiOw Q0M3 ic -xe.ar
to the p;1rty tonight?
It’s a nice day. I don’t want to take the bus. I .........................................................................
Steve is going to London next week. H e .......................................................... with some friends.
I’m hungry. 1 ....................................................................... this sandwich.
It’s Sharon’s birthday next week. We ...................................................................... her a present.
Sue says she’s feeling very tired. S h e .......................................................................for an hour.
T h ere’s a good film on C hannel 6 tonight
you
it?
W h a t ..................... R a c h e l...............................................................when she leaves school?
Look at the pictures. W h a t is going to happen?
1
. It’s ocirn to nun. ...............................................................................................
2 T he sh e lf....................................................................................................................
3 T he c a r .......................................................................................................................
4 H e ................................................................................................................................
2 6 .4
W h a t are you going to do today or tom orrow? W rite three sentences.
1 I’m ...............................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................
63
Sarah goes to work every day. She is always
there from 8.30 until 4.30.
It is 11 o'clock now. Sarah is at work.
At 11 o'clock yesterday, she was at work.
At 11 o'clock tomorrow, she will be at work.
SARAH
will + infinitive (will be / will win / will come etc.):
m m -
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
will ('II)
will not (won't)
be
win
eat
come etc.
will
l/we/you/they
he/she/it
be?
win?
eat?
come? etc.
11 = will: 111 (I will) / you'll / she'll etc.
won't = will not: I won't (= I will not) / you won't / she won't etc.
We use will for th e future (tomorrow / next week etc.):
O Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Madrid. Tomorrow she'll be in Rome. Next week she'll be
in Tokyo.
O You can call me this evening. I'll be at home.
O Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it.
O We'll probably go out this evening.
O Will you be at home this evening?
O
O
I won't be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here)
Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep.
We often say I think ... w ill...
O I think Kelly will pass the exam.
O I don't think it will rain this afternoon.
O Do you think the exam will be difficult?
We do not use will for things we have already arranged or decided to do(—» Units 25-26):
O We're going to the cinema on Saturday. Do you want to come with us? (not We will go)
O I'm not working tomorrow. (not I won't work)
O Are you going to do the exam? (not Will you do)
shall
You can say I shall (= I will) and we shall (= we will):
O I shall be late tomorrow, or I will (I'll) be late tomorrow.
O I think we shall win.
or I think we will (we'll) win.
But do not use shall with you/they/he/she/it:
Tom will be late. (not Tom shall be)
64
( What are you doing tomorrow? 4 Unit 25
I'm going to
^ Unit 26
will/shall 2 ■» Unit 28
Exercises
Helen is travelling in Europe. Complete the sentences w ith she was, she’s or she’ll be.
1
Yesterday.she w as.....in Paris.
2
T om o rrow ..............................in Amsterdam.
3 Last w eek
4
LONDON
(nextweett
in Barcelona.
AMSTERDAM
.(tomorrow)
Next w ee k..............................in London.
• BRUSSELS (now)
5 A t the m o m e n t...............................in Brussels.
PARIS (yesterday) •
6 Three days ago..............................in Munich.
7 A t the end o f her tr ip
very tired.
•
MUNICH
(3 days ago)
BARCELONA*
(last week)
Helen
Where will you be? W rite sentences about yourself. Use:
I'll b e ...
or
I'll probably b e ...
or
Idon't know where I'll be.
1 (at 10 o'clock tomorrow)
\l.protebyte.on the
beach .................................................
2
3
(one hour from now)
(at midnight tonight)
4 (at 3 o'clock tomorrow
5 (two years from now)
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
afternoon) ................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
Put in w ill (II) or won't.
1 Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You w on't sleep.
2 Are you ready yet?' 'Not yet. I ...........................be ready in five minutes.'
3 I'm going away for a few days. I'm leaving tonight, so I
beat
4 I t ...........................rain, so you don't need to take an umbrella.
5 a : I don't feel very well this evening.
b: Well, go to bed early and y o u .............................feel better in the morning.
6 It's Ben's birthday next Monday. H e............................. be 25.
7 I'm sorry I was late this morning. I t
happen again.
home
tomorrow.
W rite sentences w ith I th in k ... or I don't th in k . . . .
1 (Kelly will pass the exam)
2 (Kelly won't pass the exam)
3 (we'll win the game)
4 (I won't be here tomorrow)
5 (Sue will like her present)
6 (they won't get married)
7 (you won't enjoy the film)
! think......................................... ..................................................
I . d o n t . t h i n k ........................................
I .........................................................................................................
........................................................ .................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
EjP Which is right? (Study U nit 25 before you do this exercise.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
W e'll go / We're going to the theatre tonight. We've got tickets. (We're going is mint)
'What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening?' 'Nothing. I'm free.'
They'll go / They're going away tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8.40.
I'm sure your aunt will lend / is lending us some money. She's very rich.
'Why are you putting on your coat?' 'I'll go / I'm going out.'
Do you think Clare will phone / is phoning us tonight?
Steve can't meet us on Saturday. He'll work / He's working.
8
W ill you / Shall you be at home tom orrow evening?
9 a : What are your plans for the weekend?
b: Some friends will come / are coming to stay with us.
Unit
28
will/shall 2
Bye, I’U. phone- you
tomorrow, OK.?
You can use I’ll ... (I will) when you offer som ething or decide to do something:
□ ‘M y bag is very heavy.’
‘I’ll carry it for you.’
□ ‘I ’ll p h o n e you tomorrow, O K ?’
‘OK, bye.’
We often say I think I’ll . . . I \ d o n ’t think I’ll ... w hen we decide to do something:
□ I’m tired. I think I’ll g o to bed early tonight.
□ It’s a nice day. I think I’ll sit outside.
□ It’s raining. I d o n ’t think I’ll go out.
D o not use the present simple (I go / I p h on e etc.) in sentences like these:
□ I’ll p h o n e you tomorrow, OK? (not I phone you)
□ I think I’ll g o to bed early. (not I go to bed)
Do not use I’ll ... for som ething you decided before (—> Units 25—26):
□ I’m w ork in g tomorrow. (n o t I’ll work)
□ T h ere’s a good film on TV tonight. I’m g o in g to w atch it. (n o t I’ll watch)
□ W h at are you d o in g at the weekend? (not W hat will you do)
Shall I ... ? Shall w e ... ?
^ ShaU. I answer the phone? )
No, it’s OK. I’LL answer it. ^
Shall I / Shall w e . . . ? = D o you think this is a good thing to do? D o you think this is a
good idea?
□ It’s very warm in this room. Shall I op en the window?
□ ‘Shall I p h on e you this evening?’
‘Yes, please.’
□ I’m going to a party tonight. W hat shall I wear?
□ It’s a nice day. Shall w e go for a walk?
□ W here shall w e go for our holidays this year?
□ ‘Let’s go out this evening.’
‘OK, what time shall w e m eet?’
66
W h a t are you doing tom orrow ?
Let's -► Units 3 5 , 53
Unit 2 5
I'm going to ... —> Unit 2 6
will/shall 1 -> Unit 27
Exercises
28.1
Unit 2 8
Com plete the sentences. Use I'll (I w ill) + these verbs:
-earr-y
do
eat
sit
stay
Com plete the sentences. Use I th in k I'll ... or I d o n 't th in k I'll ... + these verbs:
buy
1
2
3
4
5
2 8 .3
show
I h CAnry ................................................... it for you
T hank you
you a postcard.
Well, I’m hungry. ..................................................... it.
N o, it’s O K ............................................... on the floor.
O h no, I forgot..................................................... it n ow
N o, I don’t think so............................................... here.
V^Give it to me a n d .................................................. you
M y bag is very heav y .'\
Enjoy your holiday.
I don’t want this banana.
D o you want a chair?
Did you phone Jenny?
Are you com ing with me?
7 \^ H o w do you use this camera ? y
2 8 .2
send
buy
-go-
have
play
It’s cold today.
I cion t think 111
out.
I’m hungry I ................................................................................................................. som ething to eat.
I feel very tired................................................................................................................................... tennis.
I like this hat................................................................................................................................................it.
This camera is too
expensive............................................................................................................. it.
W hich is right?
1 I phone / I’ll phone you tomorrow, OK?
(I’ll phone is right)
2 I haven’t done the shopping yet. I do / I’ll do it later.
3
4
5
6
7
I like sport. I watch / I’ll watch a lot o f sport on TV.
I need some exercise. I think I go / I’ll go for a walk.
G erry is going to buy / will buy a new car. H e told me last week.
‘This letter is for Rose.’
‘OK. I give / I’ll give / I’m going to give it to her.’
A: Are you doing / W ill you do anything this evening?
B: Yes, I’m going / I’ll go out with some friends.
8 I can’t go out with you
tom orrow night. I work / I’m working / I’ll
w ork.
2 8 .4
W rite sentences w ith Shall I ... ? Choose from the tw o boxes.
make
op en W
turn off
turn on
the television
the window
- ,
S h a ll I open th e w trd o w ?
It’s very warm in this room.
This programme isn’t very good.
I’m hungry.
It’s dark in this room.
2 8 .5
some sandwiches
the light
W rite sentences w ith Shall we ... ? Choose from the tw o boxes.
what
what time
Let’s go out to n ig h t? ^
Let’s have a holiday.
Let’s spend some money.
Let’s have a p arty ^ /
—» Additional exercises 2 8 -31
where
who
buy
go
/
OK,
\
O K , ...............................................................
O K , ...............................................................
O K , ...............................................................
(pages 2 6 4 -6 7 )
w h a t tim e s h a ll w t m e et?
invite
mc-ci
Unit
29
m ight
A
He m ig h t go to N ew York.
(= it is possible that he will go to N ew York)
It m ig h t rain.
(= it is possible that it will rain)
m ig h t + in fin itive (m ig h t go / m ig h t be / m ig h t ra in etc.):
be
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /sh e /it
m ig h t (not)
g°
play
co m e
etc.
I m ig h t = it is possible that I will:
□ I m ig h t go to the cinema this evening, but I’m not sure. (= it is possible that I will go)
□ A: W h en is Rebecca going to phone you?
B: I d o n ’t know. She m ig h t p h on e this afternoon.
□ Take an umbrella with you. It m ig h t rain.
□ Buy a lottery ticket. You m ig h t be lucky. (= perhaps you will be lucky)
□ ‘Are you going out tonight?’
‘I m igh t.’ (= I m ight go out)
Study the difference:
□ I’m p layin g tennis tomorrow, (sure)
I m ig h t play tennis tomorrow, (possible)
□ R ebecca is g o in g to p h on e later, (sure)
R ebecca m ig h t p h on e later, (possible)
I m ig h t n o t = it is possible that I will not:
□ I m ig h t n o t g o to w ork tomorrow. (= it is possible that I will not go)
□ Sue m ig h t n o t c o m e to the party. (= it is possible that she will not come)
m ay
You can use m ay in the same way. I m ay = I m ight:
□ I m ay g o to the cinema this evening. (= I m ight go)
□ Sue m ay n o t c o m e to the party. (= Sue m ight not come)
May I ... ? = Is it OK to ... ? / Can I ... ?:
□ May I ask a question? (= is it O K to ask / can I ask?)
□ ‘May I sit here?’
‘Yes, o f course.’
68
will —> Units 2 7 -2 8
can —> Unit 30
Exercises
29.1
Unit 2 9
W rite sentences w ith m ight.
1
2
3
4
5
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
(it’s possible
that
that
that
that
that
I’ll go to the cinema)
I’Ll see you tom orrow)
Sarah will forget to phone)
it will snow today)
I’ll be late tonight)
mujkt go tc th e cir.etYi a .
.
I ........
..........
..........
..........
W rite sentences w ith m ig h t not.
6 (it’s possible that M ark will not be here next week)
7 (it’s possible that I w o n ’t have time to go out) ......
2 9 .2
Somebody is asking you abo u t your plans. You have some ideas, b u t you are not sure.
Choose from the list and w rite sentences w ith I m ig h t.
fish
go away
Italy
M onday
a n ew car
taxi
A.
T \
I’m not sure
I ini/ikt go to Ifitly .
I don’t know. I ........................................
I’m not sure...............................................
I don’t know. .........................................
I ’m not sure................................................
I haven’t decided yet................................
W here are you going for your holidays?
W hat are you doing at the weekend?
W hen will you see Kate again?
W hat are you going to have for dinner?
H ow are you going to get hom e tonight?
I hear you w on some money. W hat are
you going to do w ith it? /
2 9 .3
You ask Bill questions about his plans fo r tom orrow . Som etim es he is sure, b u t usually
he is not sure.
Are you playing tennis to m o rro w ? ^
Are you going out tom orrow evening?
Are you going to get up early?
Are you working tomorrow?
Will you be at hom e tom orrow m orning?
Are you going to watch television?
Are you going out in the afternoon?
Are you going shopping ? y
/ Y e s , in the afternoon.
Possibly.
Perhaps.
N o, I’m not.
Maybe.
I might.
Yes, I am.
^ P e rh a p s.
Now w rite about Bill. Use m ig h t where necessary.
\
He-’s . t’Loujtr.g tenni.;- tomorrow A fterr.ocn ...............
2
He- might go c u t terr orrow ever.ing..
3
4
5
6
7
H e ..................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
...........................................................
.........................................................................
S ......................................................................................
2 9 .4
W rite three things th a t you might do tom orrow.
69
can and could
H e can play the piano,
can + infinitive (can do / can play / can c o m e etc.):
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /sh e /it
I can
□
□
□
□
□
can
ca n ’t (cannot)
do
play
see
c o m e etc.
can
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e/sh e/it
do?
play?
see?
com e? etc.
do som ething = I k n o w how to do it, or it is possible for me to do it:
I can play the piano. M y brother can play the piano too.
Sarah can speak Italian, but she can ’t speak Spanish.
‘C an you sw im ?’
‘Yes, but I’m no t a very good swimmer.’
‘C an you ch an ge twenty pounds?’
‘I’m sorry, I can ’t.’
I’m having a party next week, but Paul and R achel ca n ’t co m e.
For the past (yesterday / last week etc.), we use c o u ld /c o u ld n ’t:
□ W h en I was young, I cou ld run very fast.
□ Before M aria came to Britain, she co u ld n ’t understand m uch English. N o w she can
u nderstand everything.
□ I was tired last night, but I co u ld n ’t sleep.
□ I had a party last week, but Paul and Rachel co u ld n ’t co m e.
Can you ... ? C ou ld you ... ? Can I ... ? C ou ld I ... ?
We use C an you ... ? or C ou ld you ... ? w hen we ask people to do things:
□ Can you open the door, please? or C ou ld you open the door, please?
□ Can you wait a m om ent, please? or C ould you wait ... ?
We use C an I have ... ? or C ould I have ... ? to ask for something:
□ (in a shop) Can I have these postcards, please? or C ould I have ... ?
Can I . . . ? or C ou ld I ... ? = is it O K to do something?:
□ Tom, can I borrow your umbrella? or Tom, cou ld I borrow your umbrella?
□ (on the p h o n e) Hello, can I speak to Gary, please? or ... cou ld I speak . . . ?
70
May I ... ? -4 Unit 29
Exercises
30.1
Unit 3 0
Ask Steve if he can do these things:
You
Steve
.........Can..ypw
...swum.?
1
2
3
4
5
..............................
...................................
...................................
...................................
V6
10 kilometres
Can you do these things? W rite sentences abo u t yourself. Use I can or I c an 't.
7 I
8 .
9 ....
3 0 .2
Com plete these sentences. Use can or can ’t + one o f these verbs:
com e
1
2
3
4
5
3 0 .3
find
hear
see
speak
I’m sorry,
but w e
t ccrre
to your party next
Saturday.
I like this
hotel room.You .......................................... the mountains from the window.
You are speaking very quietly. I ................................................. you.
Have you seen my bag? I ................................................ it.
C atherine got the jo b because s h e ................................................five languages.
C om plete these sentences. Use c a n 't or c o u ld n 't + one o f these verbs:
d ecid e
1
2
3
4
5
6
3 0 .4
10
11
12
eat
find
go
go
sleep
I was tired, but I
cetdd.n’t ..sleep.......
I wasn’t hungry yesterday. I ........................................................... my dinner.
Kate doesn’t know what to do. S h e .............................................................
I wanted to speak to M artin yesterday but I .................................................... him.
J a m e s.......................................................... to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.
P au la................................................. ........ to the m eeting last week. She was ill.
W h a t do you say in these situations? Use can or could.
71
must
mustn't
don't need to
It’s a -fantastic -film.
You m ust see it.
m u st + infinitive (m ust do / m u st w ork etc.):
do
I/w e /y o u /th ey
h e/sh e/it
m ust
go
see
eat
etc.
I m u st (do something) = I need to do it:
□ I’m very hungry. I m ust eat something.
□ It’s a fantastic film. You m u st see it.
□ T he windows are very dirty. We m ust clean them.
For the past (yesterday / last week etc.), we use had to ... (not must):
□ I was very hungry. I had to eat something.(not I must eat)
□ We had to w alk hom e last night. There were no buses, (not We must walk)
m u stn ’t (= m ust not)
I m u s tn ’t (do something) = it is necessary not to do it,
it is the w rong thing to do:
□ I m u st hurry. I m u stn ’t be late.
□ I m u stn ’t forget to phone Jane.
(= I m u st rem em b er to phone her)
□ Be happy! You m u stn ’t be sad. (= d o n ’t be sad)
□ You m u stn ’t tou ch the pictures.
(= d o n ’t touch the pictures)
d o n ’t n eed to
I d o n ’t n eed (to do something) = it is not necessary:
□ I d o n ’t n eed to g o yet. I can stay a little longer.
□ You d o n ’t n eed to shout. I can hear you OK.
You can also say d o n ’t have to ... :
□ I d o n ’t have to go yet. I can stay a little longer.
Com pare d o n ’t n eed to and m u stn ’t:
□ You d o n ’t n eed to go. You can stay here if you want.
□ You m u stn ’t go. You must stay here.
72
I have to ...
Unit 33
Exercises
31.1
C om plete the sentences. Use m ust + these verbs:
be
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3 1 .2
Unit 31
-eat-
go
learn
m eet
w ash
w in
something.
I’m very hungry. I .........................
M arilyn is a very interesting person. Y o u ..............................................her.
M y hands are dirty. 1 ............................................... them.
You .................................................to drive. It will be very useful.
I ............................................... to the post office. I need some stamps.
T he game tom orrow is very im portant for us. W e .................................................
You can’t always have things immediately. You .................................................patient.
W rite I m ust o r I had to.
walk hom e last night. T here were no buses.
1 .... 1 bout io
2 Its late.................................. go now.
3 I do n ’t usually work on Saturdays, but last S aturday............................. work.
4................................get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.
5 I w ent to London by train last week. T he train was full a n d ........................... stand all the way.
6 I was nearly late for my appointm ent this m orning...............................run to get there on time.
7 I forgot to phone David yesterday. ............................... phone him later today.
3 1 .3
Com plete the sentences. Use m u s tn 't or d o n 't need to + one o f these verbs:
fo rg et
-go-
hurry
lose
p h on e
w ait
1
2
3
4
I
(fo n t
it- a c
hom e yet. I can stay a little longer.
We have a lot o f time. W e ..............................................................
Keep these papers in a safe place. You .......................................................... them.
I’rn not ready yet, but y o u
for me. You can go now and I’ll
com e later.
5 We
to turn off the lights before we leave.
6 I must contact David, but I ........................................................... him - I can send him an email.
3 1 .4
Find the sentences w ith the same m eaning.
1
2
3
4
5
31 .5
We can leave the m eeting early.
We must leave the m eeting early.
We mustn’t leave the m eeting early.
We had to leave the m eeting early.
We don’t need to leave the m eeting
early.
A
B
C
D
E
We must stay until the end.
We couldn’t stay until the end.
We can’t stay until the end.
We can stay until the end.
We d o n ’t need to stay until the
end.
1 ...E..........
9
3 ..............
4 ..............
5 ..............
W rite m ust / m ustn’t / had to / d o n ’t need to.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Y o u don’t need to
go. You can stay here if you want.
It’s a fantastic film. You
If.w.st see it.
T he restaurant w o n ’t be busy tonight. W e ........................................... reserve a table.
I was very busy last week. I
w ork every evening.
I want to know w hat happened. You ......................................... tell me.
Y o u ........................................... tell Sue what happened. I d o n ’t want her to know.
J
hurry or I’ll be late.
‘W hy were you so late?’
‘I
wait half an hour for a bus.’
W e .......................................... decide now. We can decide later.
It’s Lisa’s birthday next week. I ........................................... forget to buy her apresent.
73
Unit
32
should
You shouldn't woJbch TV 50 much.^
should + infinitive
(should do / should w atch etc.):
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e/sh e/it
should
sh o u ld n ’t
You sh ould do som ething = it is a good thing to do, it is the right thing to do:
□ Tom doesn’t study enough. H e should study harder.
□ It’s a good film. You should g o and see it.
□ W hen you play tennis, you should always w atch the ball.
You sh o u ld n ’t do som ething = it is not a good thing to do.
S h o u ld n ’t = should not:
□ Tom sh o u ld n ’t g o to bed so late.
□ You w atch TV all the time. You sh ould n ’t w atch TV so much.
We often
sa y I
think ... should ...
I think ... sh ou ld ... :
□ I think Lisa should buy some new clothes.
(= I think it is a good idea.)
□ It’s late. I think I should go hom e now.
□ A: Shall I b u y this coat?
B: Yes, I th ink y o u should.
I d o n ’t think ... should ... :
□ I d o n ’t think you should w ork so hard.
(= I d o n ’t think it is a good idea.)
□ I d o n ’t think we should go yet. It’s too early.
D o you th ink ... should ... ?:
□ D o you think I should buy this hat?
□ W hat time d o you think we should go home?
M ust is stronger than should:
□ It’s a g o o d film. You should go and see it.
□ It’s a fantastic film. You m u st go and see it.
A nother way to say should is ou gh t to:
□ It’s a good film. You ou gh t to g o and see it. (= you should go)
O I think Lisa ou g h t to buy some new clothes. (= Lisa should buy)
74
shall -» Units 2 7 -2 8
must -» Unit 31
do
stop
go
w atch etc.
Exercises
32.1
Com plete the sentences. Use you should + these verbs:
eat
1
2
3
4
5
6
3 2 .2
Unit 3 2
go
take
visit
w atch
wear
W hen you play ten n is, y s a . should, iyafcck t |K. ball.
It’s late and you’re very tired.............................................................................. to bed.
......................................................................... plenty o f fruit and vegetables.
If you have tim e ,.............................................................. the Science Museum. It’s very interesting.
W hen you’re d riv in g ,........................................................................ a seat belt.
It’s too far to walk from here to the station............................................................................ a taxi.
W rite about the people in th e pictures. Use H e/S he sho u ld n 't ... so ... .
¥
1
She s h o y ld n t wa.tch TV sc rruch.
2 H e .................................................................
3 2 .3
3
4
hard.
You are not sure w h a t to do, so you ask a friend. W rite questions w ith Do you th in k I
should ... ?
1 You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?)
You ask your friend:
Do you thmk I should buy this ja c k e t7..................................
2 You
You
3 You
You
4 You
You
3 2 .4
W rite sentences w ith I th in k ... should ... and I d o n 't th in k ... should ... .
1
2
3
1
5
6
7
8
3 2 .5
can’t drive, (learn?)
ask your friend: D o you th in k .......................................................................................................
do n’t like your job. (get another job?)
ask your friend: ..................................................................................................................................
are going to have a party, (invite Gary?)
ask your friend: ..................................................................................................................................
We have to get up early tomorrow, (go hom e n o w ) I think we should, <jo home now.
T hat coat is too big for you. (buy it)
I don t ihmk you should, buy if............................
You d o n ’t need your car. (sell it) ........................................................................................................
Karen needs a rest, (have a holiday) ..................................................................................................
Sally and D an are too young, (get m arried) ....................................................................................
You’re not well this m orning, (go to work) ....................................................................................
James isn’t well today, (go to the doctor) .........................................................................................
T he hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there) ................................................................................
W h a t do you think? W rite sentences w ith should.
1 i th in k
2
3
4
5
I
I
I
I
everybody should. learn ancther hj.nqua.oe.
think everybody...................................................................
t h i n k ...............
d o n ’t th in k .....
think I should
75
Unit
33
I have to ...
This is my medicine,
I have to take if
three times a day.
I have to do som ething = it is necessary
for me to do it, I am obliged to do it
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e/sh e/it
have
has
to
to
to
to
do
w ork
go
w ear
etc.
□ I’ll be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist.
□ Jane starts work at 7 o ’clock, so she has to get up at 6 .
□ You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
T he past (yesterday / last week etc.) is had to ... :
□ I was late for w ork yesterday. I had to g o to the dentist.
□ We had to w alk hom e last night. There were no buses.
In questions and negatives we use d o /d o e s (present) and did (past):
present
do
does
I/w e /y o u /th e y
have to ... ?
h e /s h e /it
J I/w e /y o u /th ey
h e/sh e /it
d o n ’t
have to ...
d o esn ’t
past
did
I/w e /y o u /th e y
( have to
h e /sh e /it
I/w e /y o u /th ey
h e/sh e/it
d id n ’t have to ...
J
□ W h at time d o you have to g o to the dentist tomorrow?
□ D o e s Jane have to w ork on Sundays?
□ W hy did they have to leave the party early?
I d o n ’t have to (do something) = it is not necessary to do it:
□ I’m not working tomorrow, so I d o n ’t have to g et up early.
□ Ian d o e sn ’t have to w ork very hard. H e ’s got an easy job.
□ We d id n ’t have to w ait very long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.
m u st and have to
You can use m u st or have to w hen you say w hat you think is necessary, w hen you give your
opinion:
□ It’s a fantastic film. You m u st see it. or You have to see it.
W hen you
□ Jane
(this
□ Jane
(this
are no t giving your personal opinion, use have to (n o t m ust). Compare:
w on’t be at work this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor.
is not my personal opinion —it is a fact)
isn’t well. She doesn’t want to go to the doctor, but I told her she m u st go.
is my personal opinion)
must I mustn't / don't need to -» Unit 31
Exercises
33.1
C om plete the sentences. Use have to or has to + these verbs:
do
1
2
3
4
5
6
3 3 .2
h it
read
speak
travel
jwear
M y eyes are not very good. I
Have to Ke.ter glasses.
At the end o f the course all the stu d en ts............................................... a test.
Sarah is studying literature. S h e .................................................a lot o f books.
Albert doesn’t understand m uch English. Y o u .................................................very slowly to him.
Kate is not often at home. She
a lot in her job.
In tennis you ................................................. the ball over the net.
Com plete the sentences. Use have to or had to + these verbs:
answer
1
2
3
4
5
3 3 .3
Unit 3 3
buy
ch an ge
go
walk
W e Had. to KOI* hom e last night. There were no buses.
It’s late. I ................................................ now. I’ll see you tomorrow.
I went to the supermarket after work yesterday. I
some food.
This train doesn’t go all the way to London. You
at Bristol.
We did an exam yesterday. W e
six questions out o f ten.
C om plete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
n ______
3\
I have to get up early tomorrow. \
George had to wait a long time.
Liz has to go somewhere.
We had to pay a lot o f money.
5 V
I have to do some w ork.^y
f
3 3 .4
dX)
k ct.v€ to dco ip
7
H ow l o n g .................................................................. ?
W h e r e ........................................................................ ?
H ow m u c h ................................................................ ?
^ W h a t exactly
W rite sentences w ith d o n 't/d o e s n 't/d id n 't have to ... .
1
2
3
4
5
3 3 .5
/ W hat time
W hy
Why
W hy
W hy
W hy
are you going out? Y o u dov. t helve, to 00 cu t.
is Sue waiting? S h e ........................................................
did you get up early? You ............................................
is Paul working so hard? H e .......................................
do you want to leave now? W e ..................................
W h ich is correct? Som etim es m ust and have to are both correct. Som etim es only one is
correct.
1 It’s a fantastic film. You must see / have to see it.
(both are correct)
2 Julia w on’t be at work this afternoon. She must ge / has to go to the doctor.
(has to go is correct)
3 You can’t park your car here for nothing. You must pay / have to pay.
4 I didn’t have any m oney w ith me last night, so I must borrow / had to borrow some.
5 I eat too m uch chocolate. I really must stop / have to stop.
6 Paul is in a hurry. H e must m eet / has to m eet som ebody in five minutes.
7 W h at’s wrong? You must tell / have to tell me. I want to help you.
3 3 .6
W rite some things th a t you (or your friends or fam ily) have to do or had to do.
1 (every d a y )
! ka.ve tc trav el ten rsues every
d a y . ................................................................................
2 (every day) ......................................................................................................................................................
3 (yesterday) .......................................................................................................................................................
4 (tomorrow) ......................................................................................................................................................
77
Would you like ... ?
I'd like
W ould y o u like ... ? = D o you want ... ?
We use W ould you like ... ? to offer things:
□ A: W ould you like s o m e c o f fe e ?
B: N o, thank you.
□ A: W ould you like a c h o c o l a t e ?
B: Yes, please.
□ A: W hat w o u ld you like, tea o r c o f fe e ?
B: Tea, p le a s e .
We use W ould you like to ... ? to invite somebody:
□ W ould you like to go for a walk?
□ A: W ould you like to have dinner w ith us on Sunday?
B: Yes, I’d love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you)
□ W hat w o u ld you like to d o this evening?
I’d like ... is a polite way to say ‘I w ant’. I’d like = I w ou ld like:
□ I’m thirsty. I’d like a drink.
□ (in a tourist office) I’d like some information about hotels, please.
□ I’m feeling tired. I ’d like to stay at hom e this evening.
W ould y o u like ... ? a n d D o you like ... ?
W ould y o u like . . . ? / I’d like ...
D o you like ... ? / I like ...
Would, you Iike.
some now?
W ould y ou like some te a ? = Do you
some tea?
□ A: W ould you like t o g o t o th e
w ant
D o you like tea? = D o you think tea
is nice?
□ A: D o you like going to the cinema?
(in general)
c in e m a to n ig h t?
( = d o y o u w a n t t o g o tonight ?)
B:
Yes, I’d
□ I’d like
B:
Yes, I go to the cinema a lot.
lo v e to .
□ I like oranges, (in general)
a n o r a n g e , p le a s e .
(= c a n I h av e a n o ra n g e? )
□ W hat w ou ld you like
weekend?
to d o
like to do and like -ing -» Unit 52
next
□ W hat d o you like to do at
weekends?
I would do something if... -» Unit 100
Exercises
34.1
Unit 3 4
W h a t are the people in the pictures saying? Use W o u ld you like ... ?
3 4 .2 W h a t do you say to Sue in these situations? Use W o u ld you like to
1
... ?
You want to go to the cinema tonight. Perhaps Sue will go with you. (go)
You say:
Would you like to go to th e dnemA tonight?......................................................
2 You want to play tennis tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play too. (play)
You say: ....................................................................................................................................................
3 You have an extra ticket for a concert next week. Perhaps Sue will come, (come)
You say: ....................................................................................................................................................
4 It’s raining and Sue is going out. She hasn’t got an umbrella, but you have one. (borrow)
You say: ....................................................................................................................................................
3 4 .3
W hich is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
‘Pe-yoB like / W ould you like a chocolate?’
‘Yes, please.’
(W ould you like is right)
‘D o yon
like
/ W ould you
like
bananas?’
‘Yes,I love them.’
‘D o you
like
/ W ould you
like
an ice-cream ?’‘N o, thank you.’
‘W hat do you like / would you like to drink?’
‘A glass o f water, please.’
‘D o you
like
/ Would you
like
to go out for a walk?’
‘N ot now.Perhaps later.’
I like / I’d like tomatoes, but I don’t eat them very often.
W hat time do you like / would you like to have dinner thisevening?
‘D o you like / W ould you like som ething to eat?’
‘N o, thanks. I’m not hungry.’
‘D o you like / Would you like your new job?’
‘Yes, I’m enjoying it.’
I’m tired. I like / I’d like to go to sleep now.
‘I like / I’d like a sandwich, please.’
‘Sure. W hat kind o f sandwich?’
‘W hat kind o f music do you like / would you like?’
‘All kinds.’
79
Do this!
Don't do th a t!
Let's do this!
We use c o m e /lo o k /g o /w a it /d o /b e etc. w hen we tell somebody to do something:
□ ‘C o m e here and lo o k at this!’
‘W hat is it?’
□ I d o n ’t w ant to talk to you. G o away!
□ I’m n o t ready yet. Please w ait for me.
□ Please be quiet. I’in working.
also
□ Bye! H ave a good holiday! / H ave a nice time! / H ave a good flight! / H ave fun!
(= I hope you have a good holiday etc.)
□ ‘H ave a chocolate.’
‘O h, thanks.’
(— would you like a chocolate?)
We use d o n ’t ... w hen we tell somebody not to do something:
□ Be careful! D o n ’t fall.
□ Please d o n ’t go. Stay here with me.
□ Be here on time. D o n ’t be late.
You can say L et’s ... w hen you want people to do things with you. L e t’s = Let us.
□ It’s a nice day. L et’s g o out.
(= you a n d I can go out)
□ C om e on! L et’s dance.
(= yo u a n d I can dance)
□ Are you ready? L et’s go.
□ L et’s have fish for dinner tonight.
□ A: Shall we go out tonight?
B: N o, I’m tired. L et’s stay at home.
The negative is L et’s n o t ...
□ It’s cold. L et’s n o t go out. Let’s stay at home.
□ L et’s n o t have fish for dinner tonight. Let’s have chicken.
O r you can say D o n ’t le t’s ... :
□ It’s cold. D o n ’t let’s go out. Let’s stay at home.
shall we ... ? - * Unit 28
Exercises
35.1
Unit 3 5
Look at the pictures. W h a t are the people saying? Some sentences are positive
(buy/com e etc.) and some are negative (d o n 't buy / d o n 't com e etc.). Use these verbs:
be
buy
com e
drink
drop
forget
have
sit
sleep
sm ile
Don't worry. I won't.
3 5 .2
Com plete the sentences. Use le t’s w ith :
ge-fot^-a-sw im -
g o to a restaurant
take a taxi
w ait a little
w atch T V
/ I
1
2
3
4
b
3 5 .3
/^W ould you like to play tennis? \
D o you want to walk home?
Shall I put a C D on?
Shall we have dinner at home?
Would you like to go now? y
/"'N o
Let’s qo -for a. swum
N o , ...............................................
N o ,...............................................
N o ,...............................................
\ N o ,...............................................
............. y
Answer w ith No, d o n 't ... or No, let's n o t ... .
/
Shall 1 wait for you? \
Shall we go hom e now?
Shall we go out?
D o you want me to close the window?
Shall I phone you tonight?
D o you think we should wait for Andy?
D o you want me to turn on the light?
Shall we go by bus?
No, den fe wctif fn rr.e.....
No, le i’s net qo hcrme yet.
81
Unit
36
I used to
DAVE a fe w years ago
DAVE today
I work in a -factory. ^
work in cl supermarket. I
used to work in a. -factory.
Dave u se d to w o r k in a factory. N ow he w o rk s in a supermarket.
Dave u se d to w o r k in a factory = he worked in a factory before, but he doesn’t work
there now:
he u sed to w ork
he works
p a st
now
You can say I u se d to w o r k
I/y o u /w e /th e y
h e /sh e /it
u se d to
... /
sh e u sed to have . . . / th e y u sed to b e ... etc. :
be
w ork
have
p lay etc.
□ W h en I was a child, I u sed to lik e chocolate.
□ I u sed to read a lot o f books, but I don’t read
m uch these days.
□ Liz has got short hair now, but it u sed to b e
very long.
□ T hey u se d to liv e in the same street as us,
so we u se d to se e them a lot. But we don’t
see them very often these days.
□ H elen u se d to h ave a piano, but she sold it a few
years ago.
used, to have
very long hair.
O
o
'o - v
a
T he negative is I d id n ’t u se to ... :
D W hen I was a child, I d id n ’t u se to lik e tomatoes.
T he question is d id y o u u se to ... ?:
□ W here d id you u se to liv e before you came here?
We use u se d to ... only for the past.You cannot say ‘I use to ...’ for the present:
□ 1 u se d to p la y tennis. These days I p la y golf, (not I use to play golf)
□ We usually g e t up early, (not W e use to get up early)
82
by -» Units 21, 63, 109 at/on -» Units 103, 106-107 preposition + -ing -» Unit 112
Exercises
36.1
Unit 3 6
Look a t the pictures. Com plete the sentences w ith used to ... .
^ ( When I was uownqer ... NJ
She used. to have b r a
hair.
4
H e ........
football.
Q We live in London now. )
( I'm a hairdresser now. )
a taxi driver.
5 /lT h is is roe 2.0 years agcY ^ “
never wear glasses now
*%■ . f^OWI
rY,
This building
in the country.
3 6 .2
Karen works very hard and has very little free tim e. A few years ago, things were
d iffe re n t.
Karen a few years ago
JY
n
A ) o you do any sport? A—
D o you go out much?-
*- Yes, most evenings.
D o you play a musicalinstrument?
*■ Yes, the guitar.
V
D o you like reading? -
*■ Yes, I read a lot.
D o you travel much? -
*■ Yes, I go away two or three
times a year.
\
J
W rite sentences ab o u t Karen w ith used to ...
1
She u sed to swirr every...d a y .................
2 She
3
3 6 .3
Com plete these sentences. Use used to or
1I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Karen now
Yes, I swim every day and I \
play volleyball.
work very h ard i n \
roy job. I don’t
. have any free tune. 7
.
4
5 .
6 .
the present simple (I
play / he lives etc.).
used, to ploy
tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago.
‘D o you do any sport?’
‘Yes, I
PlAff.basketball.’
‘Have you got a car?’
‘No, I ..................................... one,but I sold it.’
G e o rg e ..................................................a waiter. N ow h e’s the manager o f a hotel.
‘D o you go to work by car?’ ‘Sometimes, but m ost days I
by train.’
W hen I was a child, I n e v e r.............................................. meat, but I eat it now.
M ary loves watching TV. S h e ................................................TV every evening.
We ........................................... near the airport, but we moved to the city centre a few years ago.
N orm ally I start work at 7 o ’clock, so I ................................................up very early.
W hat g am es................... you
w hen you were a child?
Unit
37
there is
there are
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
■
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
T h ere’s a m an on the roof.
T h ere’s a train at 10.30.
T here are seven days in a week.
singular
there is ...
is there ... ?
there is n o t ...
(there’s)
(there isn ’t
or there’s not)
□ T h ere’s a big tree in the garden.
□ T h ere’s nothing on TV tonight.
□ A: Have you got any money?
B: Yes, there’s some in my bag.
O A: Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?
B: Yes, there is. / N o, there isn ’t.
□ We can’t go skiing. T here isn ’t any snow.
plural
there are ...
are there ... ?
there are n o t ...
(there aren’t)
□ T here are some big trees in the garden.
□ T here are a lot o f accidents on this road.
□ A: Are there any restaurants near here?
B: Yes, there are. / N o, there aren’t.
□ This restaurant is very quiet. T here aren’t
many people here.
□ H ow many players are there in a football
team?
□ T here are 11 players in a football team.
there is and it is
there is
it is
T here’s a book on the table.
(not It’s a book on the table.)
I
I
I like this book . I t ’s interesting,
(It = this book)
Compare:
□ ‘W h at’s that noise?’
‘It’s a train.’
(It = that noise)
T h ere’s a train at 10.30. It’s a fast train.
(It = the 10.30 train)
□ T h ere’s a lot o f salt in this soup.
I d o n ’t like this soup. I t ’s too salty.
84
there was / were / has been etc. -h> Unit 38
(It = this soup)
it and there -» Unit 39
some and any -» Unit 76
Exercises
37.1
Unit 3 7
K entham is a small tow n. Look a t the in fo rm atio n in the box and w rite sentences about
K entham w ith There is/are or There is n 't/a re n 't.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3 7 .2
a castle?
any restaurants?
a hospital?
a swimming pool?
any cinemas?
a university?
any big hotels?
No
Yes (a lot)
Yes
No
Yes (two)
No
No
1
There. i/5) i’t a. c a s t l e . .....................................................
2
There- a r e a. lo t o f r e s t a u r a n t s .
3 ...............................................................................................................
4
5
6
7
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
.....................................................................................
...................................................................................................
W rite sentences about your tow n (or a tow n th a t you know ). Use There is/are or There
is n 't/a re n 't.
]
There, are a, few re s ta u ra n t* .......................................................
There,!5 % bia park..............................................................................
2
3 .......................................................................................................................
4 .......................................................................................................................
5 .......................................................................................................................
6 .............................................................................
3 7 .3
W rite th e re is / th e re isn 't / is th e re or th e re are / th e re a re n 't / are th e re .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3 7 .4
Kentham isn’t an old tow n......... There arcn c
any old buildings.
Look! .....................................a photograph o f your brother in the newspaper!
‘Excuse m e ,
a bank near here?’
‘Yes, at the end o f the street.’
................................... five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.
‘H ow many stu d e n ts..................................... in the class?’
‘Twenty.’
The road is usually very quiet.......................................m uch traffic.
................................... a bus from the city centre to the airport?’
‘Yes, every 20 minutes.’
................................... any problems?’
‘No, everything is O K .’
............................................. now here to sit dow n.................................... any chairs.
W rite sentences w ith There are ... . Choose from the boxes.
seven
eight
fifteen
twenty-six
thirty
fifty
! letters
players
planets
days
days
states
September
the USA
a rugby team
the solar system
-a-week
the English alphabet
1
T h ere cure s e v e n d a n s m a, K e c* ................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................................................
3 .....................................................................................................................................................................
4 .....................................................................................................................................................................
5 .....................................................................................................................................................................
6 ..........................................................................................................
3 7 .5
W rite there's / is th e re or it's / is it.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
‘ There. 5
a train at 10.30.
‘ I*’...if.
a fast train?’
I’m not going to buy this shirt.................................. too expensive.
‘W h at’s wrong?’
‘............................... som ething in my eye.’
............................. a red car outside your house.................................... yours?
‘.........................
anything good on TV tonight?’ ‘Y es,.................................a film at 8.15.’
‘W h a t’s that building?’
‘............................... a school.’
‘............................. a restaurant in this hotel?’
‘N o, I’m afraid not.’
85
there was/were
there w ill be
Unit
38
there has/have been
there was / there w ere (past)
S T A T I O
N
T R A IN
TIMES
9 : 00
T here is a train every hour.
10 :0 0
T he time now is 11.15.
T here was a train at 11 o ’clock.
Compare:
there is/a re (present)
□ T h ere is a good film on TV tonight.
□ We are staying at a very big hotel.
T here are 550 rooms.
□ Are there any phone messages for
me this m orning?
□ I’m hungry, but there isn ’t anything
to eat.
B
there w a s/w ere (past)
□ T here was a good film on T V last night.
□ We stayed at a very big hotel.
T here w ere 550 rooms.
□ Were there any phone messages for me
yesterday?
□ I was hungry w hen I got hom e, but
there w asn’t anything to eat.
there has b een / there have b een (present perfect)
□ Look! T h ere’s b een an accident.
(there’s been = there has been)
□ This road is very dangerous. T here have
b een many accidents.
Com pare there was (past):
□ T here was an accident last n ight.
(not T here has been an accident last night.)
For past simple and present perfect, see Unit 20.
there w ill be
□ D o you think there w ill be a lot o f people
at the party on Saturday?
□ T he manager o f the com pany is leaving, so
there w ill be a new manager soon.
□ I’m going away tomorrow. I’ll do my
packing today because there w o n ’t be time
tomorrow.
(there w o n ’t be = there w ill n o t be)
86
was/were -» Unit 10
has/have been -» Units 1 5 - 1 8
will -» Unit 2 7
there and it —> Units 3 7 , 3 9
some and any - » Unit 76
there is/are - » Unit 37
Exercises
38.1
Unit 3 8
Look a t th e tw o pictures. Now the room is empty, b u t w h a t was in the room last week?
Choose from the box and w rite sentences w ith There was ... or There w ere . . . .
an armchair
some books
1
2
3
-I
5
6
7
8
3 8 .2
some flowers
three pictures
There WAS; cl...clock.............................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
.................................... ..............................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
a sofa
a small table
oilthe wall near the window.
on the floor.
on the wall near the door.
in the middle ol the room.
on the table.
on the shelves.
in the corner near the door.
opposite the armchair.
W rite th e re was / th e re w asn't / was th e re or th e re w ere / th e re w e re n 't / w ere th e re .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1(1
3 8 .3
a carpet
a clock
I was hungry, b u t there. WA5n t
anything to eat.
Were there
any phone messages for m e yesterday?
1 opened the envelope, but it was empty.
nothing in it.
‘We stayed at a very nice hotel.’
‘Really? .................................................a swim m ing pool?’
‘D id you buy any eggs?’
‘N o , ................................................any in the shop.’
T he wallet was empty.
any m oney in it.
‘............................................... many people at the meeting?’
‘No, very few.’
We didn’t visit the m useum ......................................................enough time.
I’m sorry I’m late
a lot o f traffic.
Twenty years a g o ................................................. many tourists here. N ow there are a lot.
W rite th e re + is / are / was / w ere / has been / have been / will be.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
T jiert.W fls
a good film on TV last night.
........................ .......................24 hours in a day.
............................................... a party at the club last Friday, but I didn’t go.
‘W here can I buy a newspaper?’
‘................................................ a shop at the end o f the street.’
‘W hy are those policem en outside the bank?’
‘................................................. a robbery.’
W h en we arrived at the th eatre,............................................... a long queue outside.
W h en you arrive tom orrow ,................................................. somebody at the station to m eet you.
Ten years a g o ................................................ 500 children at the school. N ow
............................................... m ore than a thousand.
9 Last week I went back to the tow n where I was born. It’s very different now'.
............................................... a lot of changes.
10 I think everything will be OK. I don’t th in k
..........................................any problems.
87
I t ...
We use it for tim e/day/distance/w eather:
tim e
□
□
□
□
W hat time is it?
I t ’s half past ten.
I t ’s late.
I t ’s time to go home.
□
□
□
□
W hat day is it?
I t ’s Thursday.
I t ’s 16 March.
It was my birthday yesterday.
□
D
□
□
I t ’s three kilometres from our house to the city centre.
H ow far is it from N ew York to Los Angeles?
I t ’s a long way from here to the station.
We can walk home. It isn’t far.
day
THUR
16
MARCHy
■>._
distance
our h o w se Q
We use far in questions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn ’t far).
In positive sentences, we use a lo n g way (it’s a lo n g way).
( 3 c ity centre
weather
/ / /
t
'
i
t
/ /
□ It’s raining.
It isn’t raining.
Is it snowing?
p It rains a lot here.
It didn’t rain yesterday.
Does it snow very often?
□ It’s w a rm /h o t/co ld /fin e/clo u d y /w in d y /su n n y /fo g g y /d ark etc.
□ It’s a nice day today.
Com pare it and there:
□ It rains a lot in winter.
T here is a lo t o f rain in winter.
□ It was very w indy.
T here was a strong w in d yesterday.
It’s n ice to ... etc.
It’s
easy / difficult / impossible / dangerous / safe
expensive / interesting / nice / wonderful / terrible etc.
O It’s nice to see you again.
□ I t ’s impossible to understand her.
□ It wasn’t easy to find your house.
D o n ’t forget it:
□ I t ’s raining again. (no t Is raining again)
□ Is it true that you’re going away? (not Is true that ...)
there is -» Unit 37
^
Exercises
39.1
Unit 3 9
W rite abo u t the w eath er in th e pictures. Use It's ... .
-]
4
It’s, rabrin a.
6........................................................
3 ..............................
3 9 .2
W rite it is (it's) or is it.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3 9 .3
...........................................................
W hat tim e ^
?
We must go now. .......................very late.
.......................true that Bill can fly a helicopter?
‘W hat d a y ........................ today? Tuesday?’
‘No, .......................Wednesday.’
....................... ten kilometres from the airport to the city centre.
.......................possible to phone you at your office?
‘D o you want to walk to the hotel?’
‘I d o n ’t know. H ow t a r ....................... ?’
.......................Lisa’s birthday today. She’s 27.
I d on’t believe it! .......................impossible.
W rite questions w ith H ow f a r ... ?
1 (here / the station)
How -fur i.5 it from here tc ik e shatien?
2 (the hotel / the beach)
H o w .......................................................................................
3 (New York / Washington) ................................................................... ..............................
4 (your house / the airport) .................................................................................................
3 9 .4
W rite it or there.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3 9 .5
T he weather isn’t so nice today.
IT ’s cloudy.
T here
was a strong wind yesterday.
................. s hot in this room. O pen a window.
.................was a nice day yesterday. ................. was w arm and sunny.
.................was a storm last night. Did you hear it?
I was afraid b ec au se .................was very dark.
................. ’s often cold here, b u t ...................isn’t m uch rain.
................. ’s a long way from here to the nearest shop.
Com plete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
i t ’s
1
2
3
4
5
6
easy
difficult
impossible
dangerous
nice
interesting
to
work in this office
visit different places
see you again
-get-up-earlygo out alone
make friends
in the m orning.
If you go to bed la te , f t s .
‘'"'''Tt T' . j'd up ea rly
Hello, Jane................................................................ ................................................. I low are you?
.................................................................................... ........................ There is too much noise.
Everybody is very nice at w ork..........................
I like travelling........................................................
Some cities are not safe........................................
at night.
89
Unit
40
am, I don't etc.
She isn’t tired, but he is.
(he is = he is tired)
H e likes tea, but she d o e sn ’t.
(she d o esn ’t = she doesn’t like tea)
In these examples, it is not necessary to repeat some words (‘he is tired ',''sh e doesn’t like tea').
You can use these verbs in the same way:
a m /is /a r e
w a s/w ere
h ave/h as
d o /d o e s /d id
can
w ill
m ig h t
m u st
□ I haven’t got a car, but my sister has. (= my sister has got a car)
□ A: Please help me.
B: I’m sorry. I can ’t. (= I can’t help you)
□ A: Are you tired?
B: I was, but I’m n o t now. (= I was tired, but I’m not tired now)
□ A: D o you think Jane will phone this evening?
B: She m igh t. (= she m ight phone)
□ A: Are you going now?
B: Yes, I’m afraid I m ust. (= I must go)
You cannot use ’m / ’s / ’ve etc. (short fo rm s) in this way. You must use a m /is/h a v e etc. :
□ She isn’t tired, but he is. (not ... but h e’s)
But you can use isn ’t / haven’t / w o n ’t etc. (negative short forms):
□ M y sister has got a car, but I haven’t.
□ ‘Are you and jane working tom orrow ?’
‘Iam, but Jane isn ’t.’
You can use I a m / I’m n o t etc. after Yes and No:
□ ‘Are you tired?’
‘Yes, I am . / No, I’m not.’
□ ‘Will Alan be here tom orrow ?’
‘Yes, he w ill. / No, he w o n ’t.’
□ ‘Is there a bus to the airport?’
‘Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.’
We use d o /d o e s for the present sim ple (—> Units 6-7):
□ I d on’t like hot weather, but Sue does. (— Sue likes hot weather)
□ Sue works hard, but I d o n ’t. (= I don’t work hard)
□ ‘D o you enjoy your work?’
‘Yes, I do.’
We use did for the p a st sim ple (—> U nit 12):
□ A: D id you and Chris enjoy the film?
B: I did, but Chris d id n ’t. (= I enjoyed it, but Chris didn’t enjoy it)
□ ‘I had a good time.’
‘I did too.’ (= I enjoyed it too)
□ ‘Did it rain yesterday?’
‘No, it d id n ’t.’
90
have you? / don’t you? etc. -» Unit 41
so am I / neither do I etc. -» Unit 42
Exercises
40.1
Unit 4 0
C om plete th e s e sen ten c es. Use only o n e verb (is/h av e/c an etc.) each tim e.
1
2
3
Kate wasn’t hungry, but w e K W t ............. 4 \ haven’t seen the film, but Tom
I’m not married, but my b ro th e r............... 5 Karen w on’t be here, but Chris .
Bill can’t help you, but I ........................ 6 You w eren’t late, but I ..................
4 0 .2 C om plete th e s e s e n te n c e s w ith a n eg a tiv e v erb (is n 't/h a v e n 't/c a n 't etc.).
1 M y sister can play the piano, but I .. c^ jr[ f .
2
Sam is working today, but I
3 I was working, but my frie n d s.........................
40 .3
C om plete th e se s e n te n c e s w ith d o /d o es/d id or d o n 't/d o e s n 't/d id n 't.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4 0 .4
I d on’t like hot weather, but S u e cfces......
Sue likes hot weather, but I
ttonfc......
M y m other wears glasses, but my fa th e r................................
You don’t know Paul very well, but I ................................
I didn’t enjoy the party, but my frie n d s................................
I d o n ’t watch TV much, but P e te r................................
Kate lives in London, but her p a re n ts................................
You had breakfast this m orning, but I ................................
C om plete th e sen te n c e s. W rite a b o u t y o u rse lf an d o th e r people.
1 I didn’t
2
3
4
5
4 0 .5
9°. cu t lar.-t nhjhfc, but my frb nets d i d . ...........................
I lik e .............................................................. , b u t .....................................................................
I d o n ’t ........................................................... ,b u t ......................................................................
I’m ................................................................................................................................................
I haven’t .......................................................................................................................................
P ut in a verb, positive or negative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
4 0 .6
4 Mark has been to China, but I ...
5 I’m ready to go, but T o m .............
6 I’ve got a key, but S ally................
‘Are you tired?’
‘I ............
earlier, but I’m not now.’
Steve is happy today, but h e ............................... yesterday.
T he post office isn’t open yet, but the sh o p s................................
I haven’t got a telescope, but I know somebody w h o ................................
I would like to help you, but I’m afraid I ................................
I d o n ’t usually go to w ork by car, but I ............................... yesterday.
A: Have you ever been to the U nited States?
B: N o, but S an d ra................................ She w ent there on holiday last year.
‘D o you and Chris watch TV a lot?’
‘I
,but Chris doesn’t.’
I’ve been invited to Sam’s wedding, but K a te ................................
‘D o you think Sarah will pass her driving test?’
‘Yes, I’m sure she ........................
‘Are you going out tonight?’
‘I ................................. I don’t know for sure.’
A nsw er th e s e q u e stio n s a b o u t yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I'm n o t. etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Are you American?
Uc, I m not............................................................
Have you got a car?........................... .......................................................................................
D o you feel OK?................................ .......................................................................................
Is it snowing?....................................... ........................................................................................
Are you hungry?........................................................................................................................
D o you like classical music?............. .......................................................................................
Will you be in Paris tom orrow? .......................................................................................
Have you ever broken your arm? .......................................................................................
D id you buy anything yesterday? .......................................................................................
Were you asleep at 3 a.m.?.......................................................................................................
Unit
41
Have you?
Are you?
Don't you? etc.
^ I don’t Like, George-. ^
you rea lly? W hat about? ^
^ ■ rr
i
i
( Don’t you? Why not? )
i
n
i I
You can say have you? / is it? / can ’t he? etc. to show that you are interested or surprised:
□ ‘Y ou ’re late.’
‘O h, am I? I’m sorry.’
□ ‘I was ill last week.’
‘Were you? I didn’t know that.’
□ ‘It’s raining again.’
‘Is it? It was sunny ten minutes ago.’
□ ‘T h ere’s a letter for you.’ ‘Is there? W here is it?’
□ ‘B ill ca n ’t drive.’
‘C an’t he? I didn’t know that.’
□ ‘I ’m n o t hungry.’
‘A ren’t you? I am.’
□ ‘Sue isn ’t at work today.’
‘Isn’t she? Is she ill?’
Use d o /d o e s for the present sim ple, and did for the p a st simple:
□ ‘I speak four languages.’
‘D o you? W hich ones?’
□ ‘T im d o e sn ’t eat meat.’
‘D o e sn ’t he? Does he eat fish?’
□ ‘N ic o le g o t m arried last week.’
‘D id she? Really?’
Q uestion tags
You can use have you? / is it? / can ’t she? etc.
at the end o f a sentence.
It’s ct beautiful day, Isn’t It? j
These ‘m ini-questions’ are question tags.
p ositive sentence —» negative question tag
J
fL
y
It’s a beautiful day,
Sally lives in London,
You closed the window,
T h o se shoes are nice,
T o m w ill be here soon,
isn ’t it?
d o esn ’t she?
d id n ’t you?
aren’t they?
w o n ’t he?
/ Yes, it’s perfect.
Yes, that’s right.
Yes, I think so.
Yes, very nice.
Yes, probably.
negative sentence —» p ositive question tag
JY _
T hat isn ’t your car,
You haven’t m et my m other,
Sally d o esn ’t go out much,
You w o n ’t be late,
92
I am 1 1 don’t etc. -» Unit 40
is it?
have you?
d oes she?
w ill you?
No,
No,
No,
No,
rr_
it’s my m other’sr'N
I haven’t.
she doesn’t.
I’m never late.
Exercises
41.1
Unit 41
Answ er w ith Do you? / D oesn't she? / Did they? etc.
A.
/
I speak four languages.
I work in a bank.
I didn’t go to work yesterday.
Jane doesn’t like me.
You look tired.
\
Kate phoned me last n ig h tly
4 1 .2
________________________A
Have you...
Doesn’t he
? W hat make is it?
Does he eat fish?
W hen did you last have it?
She should learn.
I didn’t know that.
Was the bed uncomfortable?
Are you going to watch it?
W hy not?
H ow is she?
W hat kind o f factory?
W here will you be?
It was working yesterday.
C om plete these sentences w ith a question tag (isn 't it? / h a v e n 't you? etc.).
J \
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 \
4 1 .4
W hich ones?
N\
1 work in a bank too.
Were you ill?
W hy not?
I feel fine.
W hat did she say?
Answer w ith Have you? / H a v e n 't you ? j Did she? / D id n 't she? etc.
„---------—
,
1 /
I’ve bought a new car.
2
T im doesn’t eat meat.
3
I’ve lost my key.
4
Sue can’t drive.
5
I was born in Italy.
6
1 didn’t sleep well last night.
7
T h ere’s a film on T V tonight.
8
I’m not happy.
9
I saw Paula last week.
10
M aria works in a factory.
11
I w on’t be here next week.
12
T he clock isn’t w orking.^/
4 1 .3
?
.......................... ?
?
.......................... ?
................
?
\ . .......................... ?
It’s a beautiful day,.... i6 n fc i t ........... p \
These flowers are n ic e ,............................. ?
Jane was at the party ,............................. ?
You’ve been to P aris,............................. ?
You speak G e rm a n ,............................. ?
M artin looks tire d ,............ ................. ?
You ’11 help m e ,............................. ? y
/£ .
Yes, it’s perfect.
Yes, what are they?
Yes, but I didn’t speak to her.
Yes, many times.
Yes, but not very well.
Yes, he works very hard.
ty^Yes, o f course I will.
Com plete these sentences w ith a question tag , positive (is it? I do you? etc.) or
negative (isn 't it? / d o n 't you? etc.).
J \.
You haven’t got a ca r, have you p
You aren’t tire d ,........................ ?
Lisa is a very nice p e rso n ,........................ ?
You can play the p ian o ,........................ ?
You don’t know M ike’s sister,........................ ?
Sarah w ent to university,.......................... ?
T he film wasn’t very g o o d ,........................ ?
Anna lives near y o u ,.......................... ?
You w on’t tell anybody w hat I said ,........................ ?
n
No, I can’t drive.
No, I feel fine.
Yes, everybody likes her.
Yes, but I’m not very good.
N o, I’ve never m et her.
Yes, she studied psychology.
N o, it was terrible.
T hat’s right. In the same street.
\ No, o f course not.
f
too/either
so am I / neither do I etc.
to o and either
^ I’m not Happy. ^
^ I'm not Happy either. )
We use to o and eith er at the end o f a sentence.
We use either after a negative verb:
□ A: I’m not happy.
B: I’m n o t h a p p y either.
(not I’m not ... too)
□ A: I can’t c o o k .
B: I can ’t either. (no t I can’t too)
□ Bill doesn’t watch TV. H e d o esn ’t
read newspapers either.
We use to o after a positive verb:
□ A: I’m h a p p y .
B: I’m h a p p y too.
I e n j o y e d t h e f ilm .
I enjoyed i t too.
□ Jane is a doctor. H er husband is a
doctor too.
□ A:
B:
so a m I / n eith er do I etc.
so
neither
a m /is/a r e ...
w as/w ere ...
d o /d o e s ...
did ...
have/has ...
can ...
w ill ...
w ou ld ...
so am I = I am too
so have 1 = 1 have too (etc.):
□ A: I’m working.
B: So am I. (= I’m working too)
□ A:
a : I was late for work today.
B: So was Sam . (= Sam was late too)
□ a : I w ork in a bank.
b : So do I.
□ A: We w en t to the cinema last night.
B: Did you? So did we.
□ A:
a : I’d like to go to Australia.
b : So w ou ld I.
I'm not Happy. ^
neith er am I = I’m not either
neith er can I = I can’t either (etc.):
□ A: I haven’t got a key.
B: N eith er have I. (= I haven’t either)
□ A: K ate can ’t cook.
B: N eith er can T om .
(= Tom can’t either)
□ A: I w o n ’t (= will not) be here
tomorrow.
B: N eith er w ill I.
□ A: I never go to the cinema.
B: N eith er do I.
You can also use N o r (= Neither):
□ A: I’m not married.
B: N o r am I.
or N eith er am I.
R em em ber: So am I (n o t So I am), N either have I (n o t N either I have).
I am 1 1 don't
etc. —> U n it
40
Exercises
42.1
Unit 4 2
W rite to o or e ith e r.
fL
3y
1 Y
oL*
3
4
5
6
7
4 2 .2
I’m happy. \
I’m not hungry.
I’m going out.
It rained on Saturday.
Jenny can’t drive a car.
I don’t like shopping.
y^E m m a’s m other is a teacher^y
/ I’m h a p p y ....t ° ° ........
I’m not h u n g ry ........ ...
I’m going o u t ...............
It rained on S u n d ay ....
She can’t ride a bicycle
I don’t like sh o p p in g ..
y^H er father is a teacher
Answer w ith So ... I (So am I / So do I / So can I etc.).
So did.
I w ent to bed late last nightY ^
I’m thirsty.
I’ve just had dinner.
I need a holiday.
I’ll be late tomorrow.
^ I was very tired this m o rn in g .^
Y
Answer w ith N e ith e r ... I.
^
7
^
8
9
10
11
4 2 .3
5\
A
.
I can’t go to the partyY^
I didn’t phone Alex last night.
I haven’t got any money.
I’m not going out tomorrow.
I don’t know w hat to do.
You are talkin g to M aria. W rite sentences about yourself. W here possible, use So
I or
N e ith e r ... I. Look a t these exam ples carefully:
m tired today.
You can answer:
So M l J..:.............. or.......I’m.. not.
You can answer:
Neither io I ,
I don't work hard. J
0r
I
......
You
1
2
3
4
5
r
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Y
I’m learning English.
I can ride a bicycle.
I’m not American.
I like cooking.
I d o n ’t like cold weather.
I slept well last night.
I’ve never been to Scotland.
I don’t use my phone much.
I’m going out tom orrow evening.
1 haven’t got a headache.
I didn’t watch TV last night.
I go to the cinema a lot.
95
isn't, haven't, don't etc.
(negatives)
We use n o t (n’t) in negative sentences:
positive —*■ negative
am
is
are
was
were
have
has
will
can
could
must
should
w ould
am n o t (’m not)
is n o t (isn’t o r ’s not)
are n o t (aren’t or ’re not)
was n o t (w asn’t)
w ere n o t (w eren’t)
have n o t (haven’t)
has n o t (hasn’t)
w ill n o t (w on ’t)
can n ot (can’t)
cou ld n o t (cou ld n ’t)
m u st n o t (m ustn’t)
sh ould n ot (shouldn’t)
w ou ld n o t (w ou ld n ’t)
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
I’m n o t tired.
It isn ’t (or It’s n o t) raining.
They aren’t (orThey’re not) here
Julian w asn ’t hungry.
T he shops w eren ’t open.
I haven’t finished my work.
Sue hasn’t got a car.
We w o n ’t be here tomorrow.
George can ’t drive.
I co u ld n ’t sleep last night.
I m u stn ’t forget to phone Jane.
You sh ou ld n ’t work so hard.
I w o u ld n ’t like to be an actor.
d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t/d id n ’t
present sim ple negative
p a st sim ple negative
I/w e /y o u /th e y
h e /sh e /it
I/th e y /h e /sh e etc.
positive
do n o t (d on ’t)
does n o t (d oesn ’t)
w o r k /liv e /g o etc
did n o t (didn’t)
negative
I w ant to go out.
They w ork hard.
Liz plays the guitar.
M y father likes his job.
I d o n ’t w ant to go out.
They d o n ’t w ork hard.
Liz d o esn ’t play the guitar.
My father d o esn ’t like his job.
I d id n ’t get up early this m orning.
They d id n ’t w ork hard yesterday.
We d id n ’t play tennis.
Diane d id n ’t have dinner with us.
I g o t up early this m orning.
They w orked hard yesterday.
We played tennis.
Diane had dinner with us.
D o n ’t
Look!
Wait for me.
—>
—>
D o n ’t look!
D o n ’t w ait for me.
Sometimes d o is the main verb (d on ’t d o / d o esn ’t d o / d id n ’t do):
D o something!
Sue d oes a lot at weekends.
I did w hat you said.
present simple negative - » Unit 6
W hy isn't/don’t ... ? -» U n it 4 4
D o n ’t do anything!
Sue d o esn ’t do much at weekends.
I d id n ’t do what you said.
past simple negative - » Unit 12
don't look / d on't w a it etc. -» Unit
Exercises
4 3 .1
4 3 .2
M a k e t h e s e s e n t e n c e s n e g a tiv e .
4 It’s
1
H e ’s g o n e away.
2
T h e y ’re m a r r ie d .............................................................
5
W e ’ll b e la te ..............................................
3 I’v e had d in n e r .................................................................
6
You sh o u ld g o ........................................
He. b a se , fc QOKie.
1
S h e saw m e
2
1
4
Sh e ctuti’. i; S6C fre,.
lik e c h e e s e .......................................................................
[ | c. lives h e r e .........................................................
5 G o away!
.............................................................
6
I d id th e s h o p p in g ................................
S h e a u tf c sw u w .....................
6
H e ’ll b e p le a se d .....................................
2
T h e y ’v e a rriv e d .............................................................
7
P h o n e m e to n ig h t ................................
3
1 w e n t to th e b a n k ......................................................
8
It rain ed yesterday. .............................
4
H e speaks G e r m a n ......................................................
9
I c o u ld h ear th e m ................................
T h e y u n d e r sto o d ..........................................................
M ak e th e s e s e n t e n c e s n e g a tiv e .
1 S h e can sw im .
5 W e w ere angry. ...........................................................
4 3 .4
c o ld today. ....................................................
M a k e t h e s e s e n t e n c e s n e g a t i v e . U se d o n ' t / d o e s n ' t / d i d n ' t .
3
4 3 .3
Unit 4 3
1 0 1 b e lie v e y o u .........................................................
C o m p le t e t h e s e s e n t e n c e s w it h a n e g a t i v e v e r b ( i s n ’t / h a v e n ' t / d o n ' t e t c .) .
1 T h e y a ren ’t rich . T h e y
H aven t
2 ‘W o u ld y o u lik e s o m e th in g to eat?’
g 0 t m u c h m o n ey .
‘N o , th an k y o u . I .................................... h u n g ry .’
3 I ...................................fin d m y glasses. H a v e y o u se e n th em ?
4 S t e v e .................................... u se e m a il m u c h . H e prefers
to talk o n th e p h o n e .
5 W e ca n w alk to th e sta tio n fr o m here. I t .....................................v e r y far.
6
‘W h e r e ’s ja n e ? ’
7 B e careful!
8
'1 .....................................k n o w . 1
se e n h er today.’
.....................................fall!
W e w e n t to th e c in e m a last n ig h t. I ...................................lik e th e film very m u c h .
9 I’v e b e e n to Japan m a n y tim e s, b u t I ...................................b e e n to K orea.
10 J u l i a .................................... b e h ere to m o r ro w . S h e ’s g o in g away.
11
‘W h o brok e that w in d o w ? ’
‘N o t m e. I
d o it.’
12 W e d id n ’t see w h a t h a p p e n e d . W e .................................... lo o k in g at th e tim e.
13 Lisa b o u g h t a n e w co a t a fe w days ago, b u t s h e .................................... w o r n it yet.
1 4 Y o u .................................... d riv e so fast. It’s d a n g ero u s.
4 3 .5
Y ou a s k
G ary s o m e q u e s t i o n s . H e a n s w e r s ‘Y es' o r ‘N o ’. W r it e s e n t e n c e s a b o u t G ary,
p o s i t iv e o r n e g a t i v e .
You
4
Are you married? \
Do you live in London?
Were you born in London?
D o you like London?
Would you like to live in the country?
Can you drive?
Have you got a car?
D o you read newspapers?
Are you interested in politics?
D o you watch TV most evenings?
Did you watch TV last night?
Did you go out last night ?’ J
97
Unit
44
is i t ... ? have you
(questions 1)
you
positive
are
question
X
do they ... ? etc.
are
You are eating.
you
Are you eating?
W hat are you eating?
In questions, the first verb (is/are/h ave etc.) is before the subject:
positive
question
subject + verb
verb + subject
I
T hat seat
She
David
You
They
Paula
a m late.
is free.
w as angry.
has gone.
have got a car.
w ill be here soon.
can swim.
—>
—>
—>
—>
—>
—>
—
>
Am
Is
W hy was
W here has
H ave
W hen w ill
Can
I late?
that seat free?
she angry?
D avid gone?
you got a car?
they be here?
Paula swim?
R em em ber: the subject is after the first verb.
□ W here has D avid gone? (not W here has gone David?)
□ A re th ose p eo p le waiting for something? (not Are waiting ... ?)
□ W h en was the telep h on e invented? (wotWhen was invented ... ?)
do ... ? / d oes ... ? / did ... ?
present sim ple questions
p a st sim ple questions
do
d oes
I/w e /y o u /th ey
h e/sh e /it
did
I/th e y /h e /sh e etc.
question
positive
They
You
Chris
She
w o r k /liv e /g o etc. ... ?
w ork hard.
w atch television.
w orks hard.
gets up early.
They w orked hard.
You had dinner.
She g o t up early.
->
-»
—
->
-*
->
—
D o they
H ow often do you
D o e s Chris
W hat time d oes she
w ork hard?
w atch television?
w ork hard?
g et up?
D id they w ork hard?
W hat did you have for dinner?
W hat time did she get up?
Sometimes d o is the main verb (do you d o / did he d o etc.):
□ W hat d o you usually do at weekends?
□ ‘W hat d oes your brother do?’
‘H e works in a bank.’
□ ‘I broke my finger last week.’
‘H ow did you d o that?’ (n o t H ow did you that?)
W hy isn ’t ... ? / W hy d o n ’t . . . ? etc. (Why + negative):
□ W h ere’s John? W hy isn ’t h e here? (not W hy he isn’t here?)
□ W hy can ’t Paula come to the m eeting tom orrow? (notW hy
□ W hy d id n ’t you phone me last night?
98
present simple questions -> U n it 7
w hat/w hich/how - * Units 4 7 - 4 8
past simple questions - * Unit 12
Paulacan’t ... ?)
questions 2 -3 - * Units 4 5 - 4 6
Exercises
44.1
W rite questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4 4 .2
Unit 4 4
I can swim.
I w ork hard.
I was late this m orning.
I’ve got a key.
I’ll be here tomorrow.
I’m going out this evening.
I like my job.
I live near here.
I enjoyed the film.
I had a good holiday.
(and you?)
(and Jack?)
(and you?)
(and Kate?)
(and you?)
(and Paul?)
(and you?)
(and Nicole?)
(and you?)
(and you?)
C M ..
swirr?..............
Does J&ck work Hard?
&
You are talking to a friend abo u t driving. W rite the fu ll questions.
You
Y\
(have / a car?) .... H^ve..^pu_gofc_M£M.?...
(use / a lot?) ...................................... i t .......
(use / yesterday?) .........................................
(enjoy driving?) ............................................
(a good driver?) ............................................
(ever / have / an accident?) ......................
(
4 4 .3
M ake questions w ith these words. Put the words in the rig h t order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4 4 .4
Yes, I have.
Yes, nearly every day.
Yes, to go to work.
N o t very much.
I think I am.
N o, never.
(has / gone / where / David?)
Where Ha.s Da.vtd . g o n e ? .....................
(working / R achel / is / today?)
Is RarHet worker.*} iocitUj ?..............
(the children / w hat / are / doing?) W h a t ...................................................
(made / is / how / cheese?) .............................................................................
(to the party / com ing / is / your sister?) ....................................................
(you / the truth / tell / d o n ’t / why?) ..........................................................
(your guests / have / yet / arrived?) ...............................................................
(leave / what time / your train / does?) ........................................................
(to work / Emily / why / go / didn’t?) ........................................................
(your car / in the accident / was / damaged?)
Com plete the questions.
5 \
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
f
I want to go o u t / \
Kate and Paul aren’t going to the party.
I’m reading.
Sue w ent to bed early.
My parents are going on holiday.
I saw Tom a few days ago.
I can’t com e to the party.
Tina has gone away.
I need some money.
Angela doesn’t like me.
It rains sometimes.
I did the shopping.^y
A
/ " W here
you WCtnt to go?
W hy
oren t t h e y going ?
W h a t...................................................
W hat ti m e ..........................................
W h e n .................................................
W h e r e ................................................
W h y ....................................................
W h e re ................................................
H ow m u c h .........................................
W h y .....................................................
H ow o fte n ..................................................
C^W hen ..............................................
99
B
Who saw you?
(questions 2)
Who did you see?
Silvia saw Paul.
W ho saw Paul?
Silvia. (Silvia saw him.)
W ho did Silvia see?
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
PAUL
Silvia saw Paul
subject
object
Som ebody saw Paul.
Silvia saw som ebody .
W h o saw Paul?
W ho did Silvia see?
Silvia. (Silvia saw him.)
Paul. (She saw Paul.)
w h o is the subject
Paul is the object
w h o is the object
Silvia is the subject
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the subject:
□ W h o lives in this house? (— somebody lives in it —who?)
(n o t W h o does live?)
□ W hat happened? (= som ething happened —what?)
(net W hat did happen?)
□ W h at’s happening? (W hat’s = W hat is)
□ W h o ’s g o t my key? (W ho’s = W ho has)
In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the object:
□ W h o did you m eet yesterday? (= you m et somebody —who?)
□ W hat did Paul say? (= Paul said som ething - what?)
□ W h o are y ou phoning?
□ W hat was Silvia wearing?
Compare:
□ George likes oranges.
□ Jane won a new car.
—> W h o likes oranges? —George.
W hat does George like? —Oranges.
—> W h o w o n a new car? —Jane.
W hat did Jane win? —A new car.
Use w h o for people (somebody). Use w hat for things, ideas etc. (something):
□ W h o is your favourite singer?
□ W hat is your favourite song?
100
questions - * Units 4 4 , 46
what/which/how -» Unit 47
Exercises
45.1
Unit 4 5
M ake questions w ith w ho or w h a t. In these questions, w h o /w h a t is the subject.
lY
Y S om ebody broke the w in d o w Y
Som ething fell off the shelf.
Somebody wants to see you.
Somebody took my umbrella.
Something made me ill.
\
Somebody is coming.
4 5 .2
W h a t ........................................
m et
M ake questions w ith w ho or w h a t (subject or object).
J
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
y l
y
I bought something.
Somebody lives in this house.
I phoned somebody.
Som ething happened last night.
Somebody knows the answer.
Somebody did the washing-up.
Jane did something.
Something woke me up.
Somebody saw the accident.
I saw somebody.
Somebody has got my pen.
This word means something.
2
4 5 .3
y L
Who broke the wmdow?
W hat di<i. HQu buy ?...........
Wk? Uyes in this bouse?
You w a n t the missing in fo rm atio n (XXXXX). W rite questions w ith who or w h a t.
V\
1 / I lost XX XX X yesterday, but fortunately
V X X XX X found it and gave it back to me.
2 f XX XX X phoned me last night. She wanted
V XXXXX.
y t
What d.Y you lose.''
...
W ho ..
y W hat
f
3 I( I needed some advice, so I asked XXXXX.
V H e said XXXXX.
I hear that X X X X X got m arried last week.
X X X X X told me.
5 / 1 m et XX XX X on my way hom e this
\ evening She told me XXXXX.
6 f
/
Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
X X X X X won. After the game we XXXXX.
It was my birthday last week and I had
some presents. XX XX X gave me a book
\ and Catherine gave me XXXXX.
7 f
101
H
Who is she talking to?
(questions 3)
W hat is it like?
Julia is talking to somebody.
W ho is she talking to?
J U L IA
In questions beginning W h o ... ? / W hat ... ? / W here ... ? / W h ich ... ?, prepositions
(to /fr o m /w ith etc.) usually go at the end:
□ ‘W here are you from ?’
‘I’m from Thailand.’
□ ‘Jack was afraid.’
‘W hat was he afraid of?’
□ ‘W h o do these books belong to?’
‘T hey’re mine.’
□ ‘T om ’s father is in hospital.’
‘W hich h ospital is he in?’
□ ‘Kate is going on holiday.’
‘W ho w ith?’ / ‘W h o is she going w ith?’
□ ‘Can we talk?’
‘Sure. W hat do you want to talk about?’
W h at’s it like? / W hat are they like? etc.
W hat’s it like? = W hat is it like?
W hat’s it like? = tell me
som ething about it —is it good or
bad, big or small, old or new (etc.)?
W hen we say ‘W hat is it like?’, like is a preposition. It is no t the verb like (‘D o you like your
new house?’ etc.).
□ A:
B:
A:
D A:
b:
□ A:
B:
A:
□ A:
B:
102
T h ere’s a new restaurant in our street.
W h at’s i t like? Is it g o o d ?
I d o n ’t know. 1 haven’t eaten there yet.
W h at’s your new teacher like?
She’s very good. We learn a lot.
I m et N icole’s parents yesterday.
Did y o u ? W hat a r e t h e y like?
T hey’re very nice.
Did you have a good holiday? W hat was the weather like?
It was lovely. It was sunny every day.
questions -» Units 4 4 -4 5
what/which/how -» Unit 47
prepositions -> Units 103-113
Exercises
46.1
Unit
46
You w a n t the missing in fo rm atio n (XXXXX). W rite questions w ith w ho or w h at.
1 f
The letter is from XXXXX. ") (
f
W h a t.................. y o u ............................................. ^
I’m looking for a XXXXX. ^
I went to the cinema w ith XXXXX.
Who Ls th e letter -from?............................. ')
^ .................................................................................... ' j
T he film was about XXXXX. ^ ( .................................................................................... J)
I gave the m oney to XXXXX. ^
f
4 6 .2
T he book was w ritten by XXXXX. J
.................................................................................... J)
W rite questions abo u t th e people in the pictures. Use these verbs + a preposition:
go
1
listen
lo o k
talk-
talk
Who is she- talking to ?
w ait
4 w h a t ..........
2 W h a t .....................................................................
3 W hich restaurant...............................................
4 6 .3
j
5 W h a t.........
6 W hich bus
W rite questions beginning W hich ... ?
rt_
JW
Tom’s father is in h o sp ita l? \
We stayed at a hotel.
Jack plays for a football team.
\ I went to school in this town. I
f
4 6 .4
W" Which
you
You w an t some in fo rm atio n about ano th er country. You ask somebody w ho has been
there. Ask questions w ith W h a t is/are ... like?
1 (t[,c roads)
W hat arc the reads hke?........................................................................
2 (the food)
.............................................................................................................................................
3 (the people) .............................................................................................................................................
4 (the weather) .............................................................................................................................................
4 6 .5
Ask questions w ith W h a t w as/w ere ... like?
1 Your friend has just com e back from holiday. Ask about the weather.
What icos th e w eather like? ....................................................................
2 Your friend has just come back from the cinema. Ask about the film.
3 Your friend has just finished an English course. Ask about the lessons.
4 Your friend has just come back from holiday. Ask about the hotel.
103
W h a t... ?
Which ... ?
(questions 4)
Unit
47
A
W hat
□
□
□
□
How ... ?
+ n o u n (W hat co lo u r ... ? / W hat kind . . . ? etc.)
W hat co lo u r is your car?
□ W hat colou r are your eyes?
W hat size is this shirt?
□ W hat m ake is your TV set?
W hat tim e is it?
□ W hat day isit today?
W hat k in d o f jo b do you want? (or W hat type o f jo b ... ? / W hat sort of job ... ?)
W hat w ithout a noun:
□ W h at’s your favourite colour?
□ W hat do you want to do tonight?
B
W h ich + n o u n (things or people):
□ W h ich train did you catch —the 9.50 or the 10.30?
□ W h ich d o cto r did you see —D octor Ellis, D octor Gray or D octor Hill?
We use w h ich w ithout a noun for things, not people:
□ W h ich is bigger —Canada or Australia?
We use w h o for people (without a noun):
□ W h o is taller - Joe or Gary? (not W hich is taller?)
C
W hat or which?
We use w h ich w hen we are thinking about a small num ber o f possibilities (perhaps 2, 3 or 4):
□ We can go this way or that way.
W h ich w ay shall we go?
O T here are four umbrellas here.
W h ich is yours?
W H IC H ?
W hat is m ore general:
□ W h at’s the capital o f Argentina? (of all the cities in Argentina)
□ W hat sort of music do you like? (of all kinds o f music)
Compare:
□ W hat co lo u r are his eyes? (not W hich colour?)
W h ich co lo u r do you prefer, pink or yellow?
□ W hat is the longest river in the world?
W h ich is the longest river —the M ississippi, the A m a z o n or the Nile?
H o w ... ?
□ ‘H o w was the party last night?’
‘It was great.’
□ ‘H o w do you usually go to work?’
‘By bus.’
You can use h o w + adjective/adverb (how tall / h o w old / h o w often etc.):
‘H o w
104
questions
tall are you?’
‘I’m 1 metre 70.’
b ig is the house?’
‘N o t very big.’
o ld is your m other?’
‘She’s 45.’
fa r is it from here to the airport?’
‘Five kilometres.’
o fte n do you use your car?’
‘Every day.’
lo n g have they been m arried?’
‘Ten years.’
m u c h was the meal?’
‘T hirty pounds.’
—>
Units 4 4 -4 6
How long does it take ... ? — > Unit 48
which one(s] -» Unit 75
Exercises
47.1
Unit 4 7
W rite questions w ith w h at.
T v ________
I’ve got a new TV set.
I w ant a job.
I’ve got a new sweater.
I got up early this m orning.
I like music.
I want to buy a car.
4 7 .2
A.
S'
/
.What rruke b it?........................................
(make?)
(kind?)
W hat . kunct o f jcb do yow w a n t?...........
(colour?) W h a t....................................................................
(time?) .................................................................. get up?
(type?)
V (kind?)
......................................................................................
................................................................................
Com plete the questions. Use W h ich ... ?
Which way
do you want to see?
4 7 .3
goes to the centre?
W rite w h a t/w h ic h /w h o .
1
W h at
is that m ans name?
6 .................is your favourite sport?
2
Whtch
way shall we go? Left or right?
7 ................. is m ore expensive, m eat or fish?
3 You can have tea or coffee......................
8 .................is older, Liz or Steve?
do you prefer?
9 ................. kind of camera have you got?
4 ‘.................. day is it today?’
‘Friday.’
10 A: I’ve got three cameras.
5 This is a nice office...................... desk
B: ...................camera do you use most?
is yours?
1 1 .................nationality are you?
4 7 .4
C om plete the questions w ith How + adjective or adverb (h ig h/lo n g etc.).
r
V
4 7 .5
A.
Tv
How V\ich is M ount Everest?
......................is it to the station?
.............................is Helen?
....................... do the buses run?
is the water in the pool?
.................. have you lived h e r e ?
Nearly 9000 metres.
It’s about two kilometres from here.
She’s 26.
Every ten minutes.
Two metres.
‘^ N e a rly three years.
f
W rite questions w ith How ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
How t a i l o re you ?
Are you 1 m etre 70? 1.75? 1.80?
Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? ....................
Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?
....................
D id you spend £2 0 ? /)3<)? /J50?
....................
D o you watch TV every day? O nce a week? Never?
6 Is it 1000 miles from Paris to Moscow? 1500? 2000?
Unit
48
How long does it take ... ?
H o w lo n g d oes it take from ... to
H ow long d oes it take by plane from
N ew York to Washington?
N ew York
It takes an hour.
Washington
□
□
□
□
H ow long d oes it take by train from London to Manchester?
It takes two hours by train from London to Manchester.
H o w long d oes it take by car from your house to the station?
It takes ten minutes by car from my house to the station.
H o w lo n g d oes it take to do something?
H ow long
d oes
did
w ill
it take to ... ?
takes
took
w ill take
It
d o esn ’t
d id n ’t
w o n ’t
a week
a long time
three hours
take
to ...
long
□ H ow long d oes it take to cross the Atlantic by ship?
□ ‘I came by train.’
‘Did you? H ow long did it take (to get here)?’
□ H o w long w ill it take to g et from here to the hotel?
□ It takes a long time to learn a language.
□ It d o e sn ’t take long to co o k an omelette.
□ It w o n ’t take long to fix the computer.
H o w lo n g d oes it take you to do something?
H ow long
It
d oes
did
w ill
takes
took
w ill take
1 started reading the book on Monday.
I finished it on Wednesday evening.
It to o k m e three days to read it.
106
□
□
□
n
□
H ow long w ill it take m e to learn to drive?
It takes T om 20 minutes to get to work in the m orning.
I t t o o k u s an hour to do the shopping.
D id it take you a long time to find a job?
It w ill take m e an hour to c o o k dinner.
it take
me
Tom
them
you
Tom
them
a week
a long time
three hours
to ... ?
to ...
Exercises
48.1
Unit 4 8
Look a t the pictures and w rite questions w ith How long ... ?
1
How Long does it. take, bcj plane from London tc Amsterdam?
2 .....................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................................
4 8 .2
How long does it take to do these things? W rite fu ll sentences.
1 fly from your city/country to London
It takes two hears te fly jrern IVUdrld to London ...................
2 fly from your city/country to N ew York
3 study to be a doctor in your country
4 walk from your hom e to the nearest shop
5 get from your hom e to the nearest airport
4 8 .3
W rite questions w ith H ow long did it ta k e ... ?
1 (Jane fo u n d a jo b .)........................... .....How...long „ d id . it ta J e t h e r tc f m i a. jo b ? ..........................
2
3
4
5
4 8 .4
(I walked to the station.)
y o u ..............................................
(Tom painted the bathroom .) .............................................................................................................
(I learnt to ski.)
.............................................................................................................
(They repaired the computer.) .............................................................................................................
Read the situations and w rite sentences w ith It to o k ... .
1 I read a book last week. 1 started reading it on Monday. 1 finished it three days later.
I t tco'< m e t h r e e d.<xy5 to re a d , fc' e book...................................................................................
2 We walked hom e last night. We left at 10 o ’clock and we arrived hom e at 10.20.
3 I learnt to drive last year. I had my first driving lesson in January.
six m onths later.
I passed my driving test
4 M ark drove to L ondon yesterday. H e left hom e at 7 o ’clock and got to L ondon at 10.
5 Lisa began looking for a jo b a long time ago. She got a jo b last week.
6 W rite a sentence about yourself.
107
Do you know where ... ?
I d o n 't know w h a t... etc.
Unit
49
Do yow know
where Paula. Is?
W here is Paula?
We say:
but
1
D o you k n ow w here Paula is ?
{not D o you know w here is Paula?)
In the same way we say:
I know 1
I d o n ’t know j- where Paula is.
Can you
tell meJ
Compare:
W h o are th o se people?
H ow old is N icole?
W hat tim e is it?
W here can I go?
H ow m uch is this camera?
W hen are you going away?
W here have they gone?
W hat w as K ate wearing?
B
but
D o you k now
Can you tell m e
I k n ow
I d o n ’t know
I d o n ’t rem em b er
w ho th ose p eo p le are
how old N ic o le is
w hat time it is
where I can go
how much this cam era is
w hen y o u ’re going away
where they have gone
w hat Kate was wearing
Questions w ith d o /d o e s /d id (present sim ple and past sim ple)
W here
but
d oes he live ?
I_
D o you k n o w where he lives ? (n o t D o you know where does he live?)
Compare:
H ow do aeroplanes fly?
W hat d oes Jane want?
W hy did she go home?
W here did I put the key?
but
D o you k n ow
I d o n ’t k n ow
I d o n ’t rem em b er
I k now
how aeroplanes fly
what Jane w ants
why she w e n t hom e
where I p u t the key
Questions beginning Is .. . ? / D o ... ? / Can . . . ? etc. (yes/no questions)
Compare:
Is Jack at home?
Have they got a car?
Can B rian swim?
D o they live near here?
D id an ybod y see you?
but
D o you k now
I d o n ’t k now
^Jack is at hom e
?
if
th ey ’ve g o t a car
B rian can swim
or
w h eth er
they live near here ii b
| an ybod y saw you 1
You can use i f or w h eth er in these sentences:
□ D o you know i f they’ve got a car? or D o you know w h eth er they’ve got a car?
□ I do n’t know i f anybody saw me. or I don’t know w h eth er anybody saw me.
108
by -> Units 21, 63, 109
at/on -» Units 103, 106-107
preposition + -ing -» Unit 112
Exercises
49.1
Answ er these questions w ith I d o n 't know w h e re /w h e n /w h y ... etc.
3 \_
Have your friends gone h o m e ? '\
Is Kate in her office?
Is the castle very old?
Will Paul be here soon?
Was he angry because I was late?
6 'v^Has Sally lived here a long time? J
4 9 .2
hew aeroplanes -fly
D o you know
I d o n ’t k n o w ........
D o you rem em ber
I don't k n o w ........
D o you k n o w ......
I don't rem em ber
D o you know w hat time 4s it / it is? (Do you know what time it is? is right)
W hy are you / you are going away?
I d o n ’t know where are they / they are going.
C an you tell me where is the m useum / the museum is?
W here do you want / you want to go for your holidays?
D o you know w hat do elephants eat / elephants eat?
I d o n ’t know how far is it / it is from the hotel to the station.
(Have they got a car?)...................................Do you know If tkeyye. qct a cor?
(Are they married?)
D o you k n o w ...............................................
(Does Sue know Bill?)
..........................................................................
(Will Gary be here tomorrow?)
..........................................................................
(Did he pass his exam?)
..........................................................................
W rite questions beginning Do you know ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4 9 .6
(H ow do aeroplanes fly?)
(W here does Susan work?)
(W hat did Peter say?)
(W hy did he go hom e early?)
(W hat time does the m eeting begin?)
(How did the accident happen?)
W rite questions w ith Do you know i f ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
4 9 .5
v
fL
(where)
i. do rft
where tkeyV e qone.
(where) I don't k n o w ............................................
(how old) ..................................................................
(when) .......................................................................
(why) ................................................................. ..
(how long) ............................................................... .
W h ich is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4 9 .4
/
Com plete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
4 9 .3
Unit 4 9
(W hat does Laura want?)
(W here is Paula?)
(Is she working today?)
(W hat time does she start work?)
(Are the shops open tomorrow?)
(W here do Sarah and T im live?)
(Did they go to Janes party?)
Do you know wkafc Laura w ants?
Do
Use your own ideas to com plete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
D o you know w h y th e t>us woo l a t e .......................................................................................... ?
D o you know w hat ti m e ......................................................................................................................... ?
Excuse me, can you tell me w h e r e .............................................................................
— .................?
I don't know w h a t .............................................................................................................-... ......................
D o you know i f ...............................................................................................................................
?
Do you know how m u c h ........................................................................................................................ ?
109
Unit
50
She said t h a t ...
He told me t h a t ...
Today you m eet Paul. You tell him
about the party. You tell Paul what
your friends said:
Last week you w ent to a party. A lot o f
your friends were there. H ere are some
things they said to you:
□ Diane said that sh e w as enjoying
her new job.
n She said that h e r fa th er
w a sn ’t well.
D IANE
I'm enjoying my new job. ^
am
IS I
M y fa th e r isn't well
w as
0
□ Sarah and T im said that th ey
w er e going to buy a house.
W e're going to
buy a house.
are
w ere
T IM
□ Peter said that h e h a d to
leave early.
□ H e said that h is sister h ad
gone to Australia.
1 have to leave early. ^)
have
has
h ad
M y sister has
gone to Australia.
KATE
I can't fin d a
□ Kate said that sh e c o u ld n ’t
find a job.
ca n —* c o u ld
□ Steve said that h e w o u ld
phone me.
w ill —> w o u ld
d o ii
does J
□ R achel said that sh e d id n ’t
like her job.
□ She said that h er so n
d id n ’t like school.
did
lo o k —> lo o k e d
fe e l —> fe lt
etc.
MIKE
YOU
(present)
□ Mike said that I lo o k e d tired,
□ I said that I fe lt fine.
etc.
(past)
say and te ll
say (—» said)
□ H e said that he was tired.
(not H e said me)
□ W hat did she say to you?
(not say you)
We say h e said to m e , I said to A n n etc.
but not ‘he said m e’, ‘I said A nn’.
te ll (-* told)
□ H e to ld m e that he was tired.
(no t H e told that)
□ W hat did she tell you?
(not tell to you)
We say h e to ld m e , I to ld A n n etc.
but not ‘he told to m e’, ‘I told to A nn’
You can say:
□ H e said th at he was tired, or H e said he was tired, (w ith o u t that)
□ Kate told m e th at she couldn’t find a job. or Kate told m e she couldn’t find a job.
110
I told you to
-» Unit 53
Exercises
50.1
Unit 5 0
Read w h a t these people say and w rite sentences w ith H e/She/They said (th a t) ...
I've lost my watch. ^
1
IS S
I d o n 't feel very well. ^
He. s a id he had. Lost his watch.
a j
^
5 0.2
7
I'm verY busy. ^
^
^ f W e'll be home late )
I can't go to the party, j
I’ve ju s t come back from holiday. ^
I have to go o u t j
I'm going to buy a new com puter. ^
10
I'm learning Russian. ^
We haven't g o t a key. ^
Use the pictures to com plete the sentences.
M IKE
I ’m enjoying
EMMA
my new jo b .
DIANE
I don’t
want to go
SU SAN
M ARTIN
I’Ll. send, yoi
a. postcard
lA / V ir - a T t o V .
HANNAH
^W here’s Robert? ^ J ‘ jR m v
( He’s qone home. W ^
V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5 0 .3
-L_
'
N IC O L E
I want to
waich TV.
I m going tc
the cinema,
DAVID
M ARY
I m et Diane last week. She s a id she was .enjoying .her new job
Emma didn’t want anything to eat. She s a id ........................................
I wanted to borrow M ike’s ladder, but he s a id ......................................
H annah was invited to the party, but she said .......................................
S u sa n told m e she didn’t want the picture. She s a id ...........................
M artin has just gone away on holiday. H e s a id ....................................
I was looking for R obert. N icole s a id ...................................................
‘W hy did David stay at hom e?’ ‘H e s a id .............................................
‘Has M ary gone out?’ ‘I think so. She s a id .........................................
W rite say/said or te ll/to ld .
1
2
3
4
5
6
H e s a id
he was tired.
W hat did s h e t e i l
you?
A nna
she didn’t like Peter.
Jack
me that you were ill.
Please don’t
Dan w hat happened.
D id L u c y
she would be late?
7 T he w o m a n
she was a reporter.
8 T he w o m a n
us she was a reporter.
9 They asked me a lot o f questions, but I
didn’t
them anything.
10 They asked me a lot o f questions, but I
didn’t
anything.
111
Unit
51
w ork/w orking
A
go/going
do/doing
w o r k /g o /b e etc. (infinitive)
We use the infinitive w ith w ill/c a n /m u st etc. :
w ill
shall
m ig h t
m ay
can
cou ld
m u st
should
w o u ld
□
□
□
□
□
□
o
□
□
Anna w ill be here soon.
—* Units 27
Shall I op en the window?
I m ig h t p h o n e you later.
— U nit 29
May I sit here?
I ca n ’t m e e t you tomorrow.
—* U nit 30
C ou ld you pass the salt, please?
It’s late. I m u st g o now.
—» U nit 31
You sh ou ld n ’t w ork so hard.
-* U nit 32
W ould you like some coffee?
—* U nit 34
We use the infinitive w ith d o /d o e s/d id :
□
□
□
□
D o you work?
They d o n ’t w ork very hard.
H elen d o esn ’t k n ow many people.
H ow m uch does it cost?
□ W hat time did the train leave?
□ W e d id n ’t sleep well.
B
—* Units 6—7
—» U nit 12
to w ork / to g o / to b e etc. (to + infinitive)
(I’m) g o in g to ...
□ I’m g o in g to play tennis tomorrow.
□ W hat are you g o in g to do?
—» U n it 26
(I) have to ...
□ I have to g o now.
□ Everybody has to eat.
—* U nit 33
(I) w an t to ...
□ D o you w an t to g o out?
□ They d o n ’t w ant to c o m e w ith us.
—* U nit 52
(I) w o u ld like to ...
□ I’d like to talk to you.
□ W ould you like to go out?
-» U n it 34
(I) used to ...
□ Dave used to w ork in a factory.
—* U nit 36
w o r k in g /g o in g /p la y in g etc.
a m /is/a r e + -in g
(present continuous)
w a s/w er e+ -in g
(past continuous)
112
O Please be quiet. I’m w orking.
□ Tom isn ’t w ork in g today.
O W hat time are you g o in g out?
—»Units 3—4, 8 , 25
□ It was raining, so we didn’t go out.
□ W hat w ere you d o in g w hen the
phone rang?
—* Units 13-14
verbs + to ... and -ing (I want to do / 1 enjoy doing) - * Unit 52
go + -ing - * Unit 55
Exercises
Unit 51
C om plete the sentences. W r i t e : ... phone Paul
51.1
or ... to phone Paul.
1 I’l l phone P au l.............................................
6 D o you h a v e .............
2 I’m g o in g .. to phone. Paw.............................
7 You sh o u ld ................
3 C an you
Paul? 8 I w a n t..........................
4 Shall I
? 9 I m ig h t........................
5
I’d l ik e ............................................................ 10 You m u s t...................
5 1 .2
C om plete the sentences w ith a verb from th e box. Som etim es you need th e in fin itiv e
(w o rk/g o etc.) and som etimes you need -in g (w o rkin g /g o in g etc.).
do /d o ing
eat/eating
fly/flying
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
5 1 .3
get/getting
go/going
listen/listening
-sle&p/sleepiag
stay/staying
wait / waiting
watch/w atching
w ear/w earing
w erk/w erkm g
Please be quiet. I’m
work mo......
I feel tired today. I didn’t
very well last night.
W hat time do you usually
up in the morning?
‘W here are y o u
?’ ‘To the bank.’
D id y o u
television last night?
Look at that plane! It’s ............................... very low.
You can turn off the radio. I’m n o t ............................. to it.
They didn’t ............................... anything because they w eren’t hungry.
M y friends w e r e ..............................for me w hen I arrived.
‘Does Susan alw ays............................. glasses?’
‘N o, only for reading.’
‘W hat are you ............................. tonight?' ‘I’m ............................. at home.’
Put the verb in th e correct form . Choose from :
th e in fin itive (w o rk /g o etc.) or
to ... (to w o rk I to go etc.)
or
-in g (w o rking /go in g etc.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Shall f
the window? (open)
It’s late. I h a v e ...to. go
now. (go)
Amanda isn’t
working
this week. She’s on holiday, (work)
I’m tired. I d o n ’t w a n t ............................... out. (go)
It m ig h t............................. , so take an umbrella w ith you. (rain)
W hat time do you h a v e
tom orrow m orning? (leave)
I’m sorry I can’t ..............................you. (help)
M y brother is a student. H e ’s
physics, (study)
W ould you like ............................. on a trip round the world? (go)
W hen you saw M aria, w hat was s h e ............................. ? (wear)
W hen you go to London, where are you g o in g ............................. ? (stay)
I’m hungry. I m u s t............................... som ething to eat. (have)
‘W h ere’s Gary?’
‘H e ’s
a bath.’ (have)
I u s e d ............................. a car, but I sold it last year, (have)
H e spoke very quietly. I couldn’t ............................... him. (hear)
You d o n ’t look well. I d o n ’t think you sh o u ld .............................. to w ork today, (go)
I d on’t know w hat he said. I wasn’t ............................. to him. (listen)
I’m sorry I’m late. I h a d ............................... a phone call, (make)
I w a n t............................. w hat happened, (know) You m u s t.................................me. (tell)
May I ............................. your phone? (use)
Unit
52
to ... (I want to do) and
-in g (I enjoy doing)
verbs + to ... (I w an t to do)
w an t
hope
n eed
□
□
□
□
□
O
plan
ex p ec t
p rom ise
d ecid e
offer
refuse
try
forget
learn
+ to ... (to d o / to w ork / to be etc.)
W hat do you w ant to d o this evening?
It’s not very late. We d o n ’t need to g o hom e yet.
T ina has d ecid ed to sell her car.
You fo r g o t to sw itch off the light w hen you went out.
M y brother is learn in g to drive.
I tried to read my book, but I was too tired.
verbs + -in g (I enjoy doing)
enjoy
m in d
□
□
□
□
stop
finish
suggest
+ -in g (d oin g / w orkin g / b ein g etc.)
I enjoy d ancing, (not enjoy to dance)
I d o n ’t m in d g ettin g up early.
Has it stop p ed raining?
Sonia su ggested g o in g to the cinema.
verbs + -in g or to ...
like
prefer
O
□
□
□
□
love
hate
start
b egin
con tin u e
+ -in g (d oin g etc.) or to ... (to d o etc.)
D o you like g ettin g up early? or D o you like to get up early?
I prefer travelling by car. or I prefer to travel by car.
Anna loves dancing, or Anna loves to dance.
I hate b ein g late, or I hate to be late.
It started raining, or It started to rain.
w ou ld like to ... etc.
w o u ld like
w o u ld prefer
□
□
□
□
□
114
w ou ld love
w ou ld hate
+ to ... (to do / to w ork / to be etc.)
Julia w ou ld like to m e e t you.
I’d love to g o to Australia. (I’d = I would)
‘W ould you like to sit down?’
‘No, I’d prefer to stand, thank you.’
I like this city very much. I w o u ld n ’t like to m ove.
I’d h ate to lose my address book.
would like -» Unit 34
I want you to
-» Unit 53
go + -ing
Unit 55
preposition + -ing -» Unit 112
Exercises
52.1
Unit 52
Put th e verb in the rig h t form , to ... or -in g .
1 I e n jo y aoncusg
(dance)
2 W hat do you w a n t
d-O......
tonight? (do)
3 Bye! 1 h o p e ......................... you again
soon, (see)
4 I le a r n t.........................w hen I was
five years old. (swim)
5 Have you fin ish ed ......................... the
kitchen? (clean)
6 W here’s Anna? I n e e d .......................
her something, (ask)
7 D o you e n jo y ......................... other
countries? (visit)
5 2 .2
Com plete the sentences using to ... or -in g . Use these verbs:
-ge^
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5 2 .3
8 T he weather was nice, so I suggested
......................... for a walk by the river, (go)
9 W here’s Bill? H e prom ised........................
here on time, (be)
10 I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind
.......................... (wait)
11 W hat have you d e c id e d ........................ ? (do)
12 Gary was very angry and refused
....................... to me. (speak)
13 I’m tired. I w a n t.................... to bed. (go)
14 I was very upset and sta rte d ....................... (cry)
15 I’m try in g ........................... (work) Please
stop ........................... (talk)
go
h elp
lose
ra in
see
send
w ait
w atch
‘Have you ever been to Australia?’
‘N o, but I’d lo v e .... u>. 9°.......’
Jane had a lot to do, so I o ffered ............................... her.
I’m surprised that you’re here. I didn’t e x p e c t............................... you.
N icole has a lot o f books. She en jo y s................................
This ring was my grandm other’s. I’d h a t e ............................. it.
D o n ’t fo rg e t............................... us a postcard w hen you’re on holiday.
I’m not going out until it s to p s ................................
W hat shall we do this afternoon? W ould you lik e ............................... to the beach?
W h en I’m tired in the evenings, I lik e ............................. television.
‘Shall we go now ?’
‘N o, I’d p re fe r............................... a few minutes.’
Com plete the answers to the questions.
f ( 3\
1
2.
3
4
5
6
7
n .
D o you usually get up early ? \
D o you ever go to museums?
Would you like to go to a
museum now?
D o you often w rite letters?
Have you ever been to N ew York?
Do you often travel by train?
Shall we walk hom e or take a taxi?
V
5 2 .4
read
J
i
/ V e s , I l ik e ....to q e t up earUj...............
"\
Yes, I e n jo y ..............................................................
No, I’m hungry. I’d p re fe r.................................
to a restaurant.
No, I d o n ’t l ik e ......................................................
No, but I’d lo v e ..................................... one day.
Yes, 1 e n jo y ..............................................................
1 d o n ’t m in d ....................................... , bur a taxi
V
would be quicker.
y
C om plete these sentences. W rite abo u t yourself. Use to ... or -in g .
1
2
3
4
5
6
I e n jo y
...........................................................................................................
I d o n ’t like ...........................................................................................................
If it's a nice day tomorrow. I 'd lik e .................................................................
W hen I’m on holiday, I lik e .............................................................................
I d on’t m in d ...........................................................
, but
I w ouldn’t lik e .......................................................
Additional exercise 32 (page 268)
115
Unit
53
I told you to ...
I w ant you to ...
I w ant you to ...
T he wom an w ants to go.
T he m an d o esn ’t w ant the w om an to go.
H e w ants her to stay.
We say:
I w ant
you
so m eb o d y
Sarah
to d o som ething
□ I w an t y ou to be happy, (not I want that you are happy)
□ T hey didn’t w ant anybody to k n ow their secret.
Q D o you w an t m e to lend you some money?
We use w o u ld like in the same way:
O W ould you like m e to lend you some money?
We also use this structure (verb + somebody + to ...) with:
verb
ask
tell
advise
ex p ect
persuade
teach
Sue
I
W hat do you
I didn’t
We
I
+
asked
told
advise
exp ect
persuaded
am teach in g
somebody + to ...
a friend
you
me
them
Gary
my brother
to
to
to
to
to
to
lend
be
do?
be
com e
sw im .
her some
careful.
here.
w ith us.
I told you to ... / I told you n o t to ...
^ Don't wait for me.. ^
ME
Jane told m e to w ait for her.
PAUL
—■
* Paul told Sue n o t to w ait for him.
m ake and let
After m ak e and let, we do riot use to:
□ H e ’s very funny. H e m akes me laugh. (not makes me to laugh)
□ At school our teacher m ad e us w ork very hard.
□ Sue let me use her com puter because mine wasn’t working, (not let me to use)
You can say L et’s ... (= L et us) when you want people to do things w ith you:
□ C om e on! L et’s dance.
□ ‘D o you want to go out tonight?’
‘No, I’m tired. L et’s stay at hom e.’
116
Let’s ■■■ -» Unit 35
He told me th a t... -» Unit 50
SUE
Exercises
53.1
W rite sentences beginning I w a n t you ... / I d o n 't w a n t you ... / Do you w a n t me ... ?
I
2
3
4
5
6
5 3 .2
Unit 5 3
(you must come with me)
(listen carefully)
(please don’t be angry)
(shall I wait for you?)
(don’t phone me tonight)
(you must meet Sarah)
you tc ccroe wdji tme........................................................
I w a n t........................................................................................................
I don’t .......................................................................................................
D o you .....................................................................................................
Look a t the pictures and com plete th e sentences.
help me? )
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5 3 .3
D an p ersuaded ■ne- to go to th e ctr.etna.....
I wanted to get to the station. A wom an told
Brian wasn’t well. I ad v ised ................................
Linda had a lot o f luggage. She ask e d ..............
I was too busy to talk to Tom. I t o l d ...............
I wanted to make a phone call. Paul l e t ..........
Sue is going to phone later. I told ....................
A n n ’s m other ta u g h t..............................................
C om plete these sentences w ith the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go /
to w a it etc.); som etim es to is not necessary (g o /w a it etc.).
arrive
borrow
get
^ e-
go
m ake
repeat
tell
th ink
w ait
1 Please stay here. I d o n ’t want y o u
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ho 00
yet.
I didn’t hear w hat she said, so I asked h e r ...................................it.
‘Shall we begin?’
‘No, let’s .................................... a few minutes.’
Are they already here? I expected t h e m .................................... m uch later.
Kevins parents didn’t w ant h i m ................................... married.
I want to stay here. You can’t make m e .................................... w ith you.
‘Is that your bicycle?’
‘No, it’s Jo h n ’s. H e let m e ...................................it.’
R achel can’t come to the party. She told me ...................................you.
W ould you like a drink? W ould you like m e .................................... some coffee?
‘Kate doesn’t like me.’
‘W hat makes you ................................... that?’
117
Unit
54
I w ent to the shop to ...
N B N S P A P E R S
N E W S
P A P E R
S
Paula wanted a newspaper, so she
w ent to the shop.
W hy did she go to the shop?
To g et a newspaper.
She w ent to the shop to get a
newspaper.
to ... (to g et / to see etc.) tells us w h y a person does something:
□ ‘W hy are you going out?’
‘To g et some bread.’
□ C atherine w ent to the station to m e e t her friend.
D Sue turned on the television to w atch the news.
O I’d like to g o to Spain to learn Spanish.
m o n e y /tim e to (do something):
□ We need some m o n ey to buy food.
□ I haven’t got tim e to w atch television.
to ... and for ...
to + verb
(to g et / to see etc.)
for + noun
(for a new spaper / for fo o d etc.)
□ I w ent to the shop to get a newspaper.
(not for get)
□ T h ey ’re going to Brazil to see their
friends.
□ We need some m oney to buy food.
□ I went to the shop for a newspaper.
□ T hey’re going to Brazil for a holiday.
O We need some m oney for food .
w ait for . . :
□ Please w ait for me.
□ Are you w a itin g for the bus?
wait to (do something):
□ H urry up! I’m w aiting to go.
□ Are you w aitin g to see the doctor?
wait for (som ebody/som ething) to ... :
□ I can’t go out yet. I’m w aitin g for John
to p hone.
□ Are you w aitin g for the d o cto r to com e?
118
go to ... and go fo r ... - » U n it 55
something to eat / nothing to do etc. —* U n it 7 9
enough + t o / f o r ... - » U n it 91
too + to /fo r ... - » Unit 92
I o w i't go out yet.
’m waiting -for
John to phone.
Exercises
54.7
Unit 5 4
W rite sentences beginning I w e n t to . . . . Choose from the boxes.
the cafe
the chemist
1
the supermarket
buy some food
get some medicine
m eet a friend
..... 1 K-et'f to th e p o s t o f fic e to a c t so rre s ta m p s .
2 I w e n t....................................................................................
3 ..................................................................................................
4 ..................................................................................................
5 4.2
Com plete the sentences. Choose from the box.
to get some fresh air
to open this door
1
2
3
4
5
6
5 4 .3
I turned on the television tc ^Atc.b th e news-...................................................
Alice sat down in an a rm c h a ir.....................................................................................
D o I need a k e y ..............................................................................................................
I w ent for a walk by the riv e r .....................................................................................
I knocked on the door o f Davids r o o m ...................................................................
T he doorbell rang, so I looked out o f the w in d o w ................................................
I w ent to the s h o p ....‘4?
A.
...............................................................
I’m very busy. I haven’t got ti m e ...............................................................................
I phoned Ann ..................................................................................................................
I’m going o u t ...................................................................................................................
I borrowed some m oney ..............................................................................................
W rite to or for.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
5 4 .5
to wake him up
to watch the news
Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to ... .
1
2
3
4
5
5 4 .4
to read the newspaper
to see w ho it was
I w ent o u t f®.
get some bread.
We went to a restau ran t
have dinner.
R o b ert wants to go to university
study economics.
I’m going to L o n d o n ............an interview next week.
I’m going to L o n d o n ............visit some friends o f mine.
Have you got tim e ............ a cup o f coffee?
I got up late this m orning. I didn’t have ti m e
wash.
Everybody needs m o n e y ...........live.
We didn’t have any m o n e y
a taxi, so we walked home.
T he office is very small. T here’s space o n ly
a desk and chair.
a : Excuse me, are you w a itin g
use the phone?
B: N o, I’m w a itin g
somebody.
Com plete these sentences. Choose from :
John / p h o n e
1
2
3
4
it / to arrive
you / tell m e
the film / b egin
I can’t go out yet. I’m w a itin g fty. dp.htl to phone............................................
I sat dow n in the cinema and w a ite d .........................................................................
We called an ambulance and waited ..........................................................................
‘D o you know what to do?’ ‘N o, I’m waiting ...................................................
119
Unit
55
go fo r
go on
go to
go -m g
g o to ... (go to w ork / g o to L on d on / g o to a co n cert etc.)
□
□
O
□
□
W h at tim e do you usually go to work?
I’m g o in g to C hina next week.
Sophie didn’t w ant to go to the con cert.
‘W h e re’s Tom?’
‘H e ’s gon e to bed.’
I w en t to the dentist yesterday.
g o to
go to sleep = start to sleep:
□ I was very tired and w ent to sleep quickly.
g o h o m e (w ithout to)
□ I’m g o in g h o m e now. (not going to home)
go o n ..
g o on
holiday
a trip
a tour
an excursion
a cruise
strike
□ W e’re g o in g on h oliday next week.
□ C hildren often g o on sch o o l trips.
O W hen we were in Scotland, we w en t on a lo t o f excursions to
different places.
□ Workers at the airport have gon e o n strike.
(= they are refusing to work)
go for ..
g o (somewhere) for
a
a
a
a
a
walk
run
swim
drink
meal
□
□
□
□
□
‘W here’s Emm a?’
‘She’s g o n e for a walk.’
D o you g o for a run every m orning?
T he water looks nice. I’m g o in g for a sw im .
I m et Chris in town, so we w en t for a coffee.
Shall we g o out for a meal? I know a good restaurant.
go + -in g
We use g o + -in g for many sports (sw im m in g / skiing etc.) and also sh op p in g.
I go
he is g o in g
we w en t
they have g o n e
she wants to g o
sh op p in g
sw im m in g
fishing
sailing
skiing
jo g g in g
etc.
□ Are you g o in g sh op p in g this afternoon?
□ It’s a nice day. Let’s go sw im m in g.
(or Let’s g o for a swim.)
□ R ichard has a small boat and he often goes sailing.
□ I w e n t jo g g in g before breakfast this m orning.
120
I’m going skiing. ^
Exercises
55.1
Unit 5 5
W rite to /o n /fo r where necessary.
1 I’m g o in g
C hina next week.
2 R ichard often g o e s .7 sailing, (no preposition)
3 Sue w e n t............. M exico last year.
4 W ould you like to g o
the cinema this evening?
5 Jack g o e s .............jogging every m orning.
6 I’m going o u t
a walk. D o you w ant to come?
7 I’m tired because I w e n t
bed very late last night.
8 M artin is g o in g
h o lid ay
Italy next week.
9 T he weather was w arm and the river was clean, so we w e n t
10 T he taxi drivers w e n t
strike w hen I was in N ew York.
I l l need some stamps, so I’m g o in g
the post office.
12 It’s late. I have to go
hom e now.
13 W ould you like to g o
a tour o f the city?
14 Shall we go o u t
dinner this evening?
15 M y parents are g o in g ..............a cruise this summer.
5 5.2
Use th e pictures to com plete the sentences. Use g o /g o es /g o in g /w e n t + -in g .
2 last Saturday
3 every day
DIANE
1
2
3
4
5
6
5 5 .3
a swim.
4 next month
5 later
N IC O L E
PUTF.R
R ichard has a boat. He o f te n goes s>4xlint)......
Last Saturday Diane w e n t ..............................................................
G a r y ........................................................... every day.
N icole is going on holiday next m onth. She i s .............................................................
Peter is going out later. H e has t o .............................................................
S a ra h
after w ork yesterday.
C om plete the sentences. Use the words in the box. Use to /o n /fo r i f necessary.
-a swim
a walk
holiday
hom e
Portugal
riding
shopping
skiing
sleep
university
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
T he water looks nice. Let’s go
fPCWT.bM1.......
After leaving school, Tina w e n t.......................................................w here she studied psychology.
I’m g o in g ....................................................... now. I have to buy a few things.
I was very tired last night. I sat down in an armchair and w e n t ....................................................
I wasn’t enjoying the party, so I w e n t ....................................................... early.
We live near the m ountains. In w inter we g o ....................................................... m ost weekends.
R ichard has got a horse. H e g o e s .......................................................a lot.
T he weather is nice. Shall we g o .......................................................along the river?
9 A: Are you g o in g ....................................................... soon?
B: Yes, next m onth. W e’re g o in g ........................................................ W e’ve never been
there before.
121
Unit
56
get
g et a letter / get a jo b etc. (get
noun) =
receive/buy/find:
y o u get it
you have it
you d o n ’t have som ething
□
□
□
□
‘D id you g et my postcard?’
‘Yes, I g o t it yesterday.’ (= receive)
I like your sweater. W here did you get it? (= buy)
Is it difficult to g et a jo b at the m oment? (= find)
(on the p h o n e) ‘Hello, can I speak to Lisa, please?’
‘Sure. I’ll g et her.’
also g et a bus / a train / a taxi (= take a bus/train etc.):
□ ‘Did you walk here?’
‘N o, I g o t the bus.’
get h u n g ry / g et cold / g et tired etc. (get + adjective) = become:
y o u get h u n gry
y o u are h u n gry
you’re n o t h u n gry
□
□
□
□
If you d o n ’t eat, you get hungry.
D rink your coffee. It’s g ettin g cold.
I’m sorry your m other is ill. I hope she gets better soon.
It was raining very hard. We didn’t have an umbrella, so we g o t very wet.
also g et m arried
g et dressed (= put your clothes on)
g et lo st (= lose your way)
□ N icole and Frank are g ettin g m arried soon.
□ I got up and g o t dressed quickly.
□ We didn’t have a map, so we g o t lost.
get to a place = arrive:
□ I usually g et to w ork before 8.30. (= arrive at work)
□ We left London at 10 o ’clock and g o t to M anchester
at 12.45.
get to
get h ere/th ere (w ithout to):
□ H o w did you get here? By bus?
get h o m e (w ithout to):
□ W hat time did you g et h o m e last night?
get i n / o u t / o n /o f f
g et in (a car)
get ou t (o f a car)
get on
get o ff
(a bus / a train / a plane)
□ Kate g o t in the car and drove away. (You can also say: Kate got in to the car and ...)
□ A car stopped and a man g o t out. (b u t A man got out o f the car.)
O We g o t on the bus outside the hotel and g o t o ff in C hurch Street.
122
get to - * Unit 108
in/out/on/off -» Units 110, 114
get up -» Unit 114
get on -» Appendix 6
Exercises
56.1
Unit 5 6
Com plete these sentences. Use g e t/g e ts and choose from th e box.
a doctor
a good salary
a lot o f rain
a new com puter
a taxi
a ticket
my postcard
some milk
the job
your jacket
1 Did y o u
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5 6 .2
oe.t rr^ postcard
? I sent it a week ago.
? It’s very nice.
W here did y o u ..................................
Quick! This man is ill. We m u s t..........................................................................
1 d on’t want to walk home. Let’s ........................................................................ .
Tom has an interview tomorrow. 1 hope h e ..........................................................................
W hen you go out, can y o u ........................................................................ ?
‘Are you going to the concert?’
‘Yes, if I c a n ......................................................................
M argaret has got a well-paid job. S h e ..........................................................................
T he weather is horrible here in winter. W e ........................................................................ .
I’m going t o ........................................................................... The one I have is too slow.
Com plete these sentences. Use g e ttin g + these words:
-e e k l
1
2
3
4
5
5 6 .3
late
m a rrie d
ready
D rink your coffee. It’s
(Jetting COiT.......
Turn on the light. I t's ..........................................................................
‘I’m ....................................................................... next week.’
‘Really? C ongratulations!’
‘W h ere’s Karen?’
‘She’s
to go out.'
I t's .......................................................................... It’s time to go home.
C om plete the sentences. Use g e t/g e ts /g o t + these words:
a n g ry
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5 6 .4
d ark
b e tte r
h u n g ry
lost
m a rr ie d
o ld
w et
If you don’t eat, y o u 9e - hwpgry.......
D o n ’t go out in the rain. You’l l ..........................................................................
M y b ro th e r
last year. I lis wife’s name is Sarah.
M artin is always very calm. H e n e v e r..........................................................................
We tried to find the hotel, but w e ..........................................................................
Everybody wants to stay young, but we a l l ..........................................................................
Yesterday the weather wasn’t so good at first, but i t ................................................................
during the day.
W rite sentences w ith I le ft ... and g o t to ... .
1 hom e / 7.30 -* work / 8.15
I le ft home a t 7.50 cutd (jot tc work a.t &.15..............................................................
2 L o n d o n / 10.15 —* Bristol / 11.45
I left London at 10.15 a n d .............................................................................................................
3 the party / 11.15 —* hom e / m idnight
4 W rite a sentence about yourself.
I l e f t ............................. ........................................................................................................................
5 6 .5
W rite g o t in / g o t o u t o f / g o t on / g o t o ff.
1
2
3
4
K a te
m
the car and drove away.
I ................................................ the bus and walked to my house from the bus stop.
Isab el.................................................the car, shut the door and went into a shop.
I made a stupid mistake. I ................................................. the w rong train.
123
Unit
57
do and make
D o is
□
□
□
□
a general word for actions:
W hat are you d o in g this evening? (wot W hat are you making?)
‘Shall I open the window ?’
‘N o, it’s O K . I’ll do it.’
R ach el’s jo b is very boring. She d oes the same thing every day.
1 did a lot o f things yesterday.
W hat d o you do? = W hat’s your job?:
□ ‘W hat do you do?’
‘1 work in a bank.’
Make = produce/create. For example:
She’s m a k in g coffee. He has m ad e a cake. They m ake umbrellas. It was m a d e in China.
Com pare d o and make:
O I did a l o t y e s te rd a y . I cleaned m y r o o m , I w rote s o m e l e t t e r s a n d I m ad e a c a k e .
□ A: W hat do you do in your free time? Sport? Reading? Hobbies?
B: I m ake c l o t h e s . I m ake d re s s e s a n d j a c k e t s . I a ls o m ake to y s f o r m y c h i l d r e n .
Expressions w ith do
a n e x a m / a te s t
a c o u rse
do
h o m e w o rk
h o u se w o rk
s o m e b o d y a ta v o u r
a n e x e r c is e
□
□
□
□
□
□
I’m d o in g m y d rivin g test next week.
John has just d on e a training course.
O u r children have to do a lot o f h om ew ork .
I hate d o in g housew ork, especially cleaning.
Sue, could you do m e a favour?
I go for a run and d o exercises every m orning.
also do the sh o p p in g / do the w ashing / do the w ash ing-up / do th e iro n in g / d o the
c o o k in g etc. :
□ I d id th e w ashing, but I didn’t d o the shopping.
Expressions with m ake
m ake
a mistake
an appointm ent
a phone call
a list
a noise
a bed
□ I’m sorry, I m ad e a m istake.
□ I need to m ake an ap p o in tm en t to see the doctor.
O Excuse me, I have to m ake a p h o n e call.
□ Have you m ad e a sh op p in g list?
□ It’s late. D on’t m ake a noise.
□ Sometimes I forget to m ake m y bed in the m orning.
We say m ake a film but take a photograph:
□ W hen was this film m ade? b u t W hen was this p h otograp h taken?
124
do/does/did (negatives and questions) -» Units 4 3 -4 4
make somebody do something -» Unit 53
Exercises
57.1
W rite m a k e /m a k in g /m a d e or d o /d o in g /d id /d o n e .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
5 7 .2
‘Shall I open the w indow ?’‘No, it’s O K . I’l l
it.’
W hat did y o u ............................. at the weekend? D id you go away?
D o you know how t o ............................... bread?
Paper i s ...............................from wood.
R ichard didn’t help me. H e sat in an armchair a n d ............................... nothing.
‘W hat do you ............................... ?’
‘I’m a doctor.’
I asked you to clean the bathroom . Have you .............................. it?
‘Shoes.’
‘W hat do th e y ............................. in that factory?’
I’m ............................. some coffee. W ould you like some?
W hy are you angry w ith me? I didn’t .............................. anything wrong.
‘W hat are y o u ............................. tom orrow afternoon?’
‘I’m working.’
W h a t are these people doing?
1
He's rnsudng a. caice...............................
2 T h e y ..............................................................
3 H e ..................................................................
4... .........................................................................
5
5 7 .3
Unit 5 7
c,
7
8
9
10 ..........................................................................
W rite m ake or do in the correct form .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I h a te
I?) housework, especially cleaning.
W hy do you alw ays.............................. the same mistake?
‘Can you
me a favour?’
‘It depends w hat it is.’
‘Have y o u ............................... your hom ew ork?’
‘N o t yet.’
I need to see the dentist, but I haven’t ............................... an appointm ent.
I’m ............................... a course in photography at the m om ent. It’s very good.
The last time I ....................... ..... an exam was ten years ago.
H ow many phone calls did y o u ............................... yesterday?
W h en you’ve finished Exercise 1, you c a n ............................... Exercise 2.
T h ere’s som ething w rong with the car. T he engine i s ............................. a strange noise.
It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I’ve e v e r................................
L et’s ............................... a list o f all the things we have t o ............................. today.
125
Unit
58
have
have and have g o t
I’ve g o t (something) or I have (something) = it is mine:
□ I’ve g o t a new car.
or 1 have a new car.
□ Sue has g o t long hair.
or
Sue has long hair.
□ H ave they g o t any children?
or D o they have
any children?
O T im h asn ’t g o t a job.
or T im d o esn ’t have ajob.
□ H ow m uch time have you got?
or
H ow m uch time d o you have?
also
I’ve g o t
I have
a headache / (a) toothache / a pain (in my leg etc.)
a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a tem perature / flu etc.
□ I’ve g o t a headache.
or
I have a headache.
□ H ave you g o t a cold?
or
D o you have a cold?
T he past is I had (w ithout got) / I d id n ’t have / D id you have? etc. :
□ W h en I first m et Sue, she had short hair.
□ He d id n ’t have any m oney because he d id n ’t have a job.
□ D id you have enough time to do everything you wanted?
B
have breakfast / have a show er etc.
In these expressions have = eat/drink/take etc. You can’t use ‘have go t’.
have
breakfast / lunch / dinner
a meal / a sandwich / a pizza etc.
a cup o f coffee / a glass o f milk etc.
som ething to eat/drink
P
□
□
□
‘W here’s Liz?’
‘She’s h avin g lunch.’
I d o n ’t usually have breakfast.
I had three cups o f coffee this morning.
‘H ave a biscuit!’
‘O h, thank you.’
We also use have {not have got) in these expressions:
have
C
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
bath / a shower
rest / a holiday / a party
nice time / a good trip / fun etc.
walk / a swim / a game (of tennis etc.)
dream / an accident
baby
look (at something)
□ I had a shower this m orning.
□ We’re h aving a party next week.
You must come.
O Enjoy your holiday. H ave a nice time!
□ D id you have a good time in Tokyo?
□ Sandra has just had a baby.
□ Can I have a look at your newspaper?
Compare:
Have g o t or have
□ I’ve g o t / I have a new shower. It’s very
good.
H ave {not have got)
□ I have a shower every m orning.
{not I’ve g o t a shower every m orning)
□ A: W h ere’s Paul?
B: H e’s h avin g a shower.
(= he’s washing now)
126
I have I I've got -» Unit 9
I've (done) (present perfect) -» Units 15-18
I have to ... -» Unit 33
Exercises
58 J
W rite the correct form
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5 8 .2
Unit 5 8
o f have or have got.
I d id r . I hfXve time to do the shopping yesterday.
“
...tisfl- jo t (OR .Does
..hs-YC;) a car?’
‘N o, she can’t drive.’
H e can’t open the door......................................................a key.
............................................... a cold last week. H e ’s better now.
W h at’s wrong? ........................................... a headache?
We wanted to go by taxi, b u t ............................................... enough money.
Liz is very busy. ............................................... m uch free time.
............................................... any problems w hen you were on holiday?
W h a t are these people doing? Choose from the list:
a bath
breakfast
a cup o f tea
dinner
1
ThetjVe h a v in g b re a k fa st..............................
2 S h e ...........................................................................
3 H e ............................................................................
5 8 .3
(I / not / have)
(Lisa / have?)
(he / not / have)
(Gary / have)
(you / have?)
(we / not / have)
(she / not / have)
(you / have?)
a g o o d tim e
a rest
4 T h e y ............................................................
5........................................................................
6........................................................................
W h a t do you say in these situations? Use have.
1 Emily is going on holiday. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
Ho,ve a. nice h otuiay!....................................................................................................................
2 You m eet Claire at the airport. She has just got oflfher plane. Ask her about the flight.
Did
have a. qcod f light ?...........................................................................................
3 T im is going on a long trip. W hat do you say to him before he leaves?
4 It’s Monday m orning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her weekend.
5 Paul has just come hom e after playing tennis w ith a friend. Ask him about the game.
6 Rachel is going out this evening. W hat do you say to her before she goes?
7 M ark has just returned from holiday. Ask him about his holiday.
5 8 .4
C om plete the sentences. Use have/h ad and choose from the list.
an accid en t
1
2
3
4
5
6
a glass o f w ater
a lo o k
a w alk
-a-party
so m e th in g to eat
W e hcut a party
a few w eeks ago. We invited 50 people.
‘Shall w e ........................................................................ ?’
‘N o, I’m not hungry.’
1 was thirsty, so I .......................................................................... ..........
I like to get up early a n d ......................................................................... before breakfast.
Tina is a very good driver. She has n e v e r..........................................................................
T h ere’s som ething wrong w ith the engine o f my car. Can y o u .............................................. at it?
127
Uni t
59
he/him
I/me
I
they/them etc.
People
I
me
subject
object
we
us
he
h im
you
you
object
subject
V
I
we
you
)
he
she
they
I know Tom.
We know Tom.
You know Tom.
H e knows Tom.
She knows Tom.
T h ey know Tom.
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
knows
knows
knows
knows
knows
knows
m e.
us.
you.
him .
her.
them .
me
us
you
h im
her
th em
v;o % 0
y j>
T hings
nice. I Like it.
subject
object
□
□
□
□
it
it
I d o n ’t want this b ook. You can have it.
I d o n ’t want these books. You can have them .
Diane never drinks m ilk. She doesn’t like it.
I never go to parties. I d o n ’t like them .
We use m e /h e r /th e m etc. (object) after a preposition (fo r /to /w ith etc.):
□ This letter isn’t for m e. It’s for you.
□ W h o is that woman? W hy are you looking at her?
□ W e’re going to the cinema. D o you want to come w ith us?
□ Sue and Kevin are going to the cinema. D o you want to go w ith them ?
□ ‘W here’s the newspaper?’
‘You’re sitting on it.’
g ive it/th e m to ... :
□ I w ant that book. Please give it to m e.
□ R o b e rt needs these books. Can you give th em to h im , please?
128
my/his/their etc. —> Unit 60
Give me that book / Give it to me -» Unit 96
Exercises
59.1
Unit 5 9
C om plete the sentences w ith h im /h e r/th e m .
1 I d o n ’t know - —
those
girls. D o you
know
----- °
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
5 9 .2
I d o n ’t
I d o n ’t
I d o n ’t
1 do n ’t
I do n ’t
I d o n ’t
know
know
know
know
know
know
P(
.GY.K
- T - e , T<
?
she
T h e y want to see m e , b u t
S he wants to see h im , b u t
We want to see th e m , b u t
H e wants to see us, b u t
T h e y want to see h er, b u t
I want to see th e m , b u t
Y ou want to see h e r, b u t
doesn’t want to s e e
A
rne......
don’t w ant to s e e
..........
f\£A T. .................
TitD'A.lj. .. d o n ’t w ant to s e e ...... ,W£. !* £
YTA,
d o n ’t want to see .............. Lik'd........
f)
a/>
ikr.yL
doesn’t w ant to s e e
.............
-j
d o n ’t want to s e e
'-k ...........
,7±i............ doesn’t want to s e e
.............
h jL . ........ doesn’t want to s e e
6
W rite se n te n c e s b eg in n in g I like ... , I d o n ’t like ... o r Do you like ... ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
I d o n ’t eat tom atoes
I d.On t Like them......
George is a very nice man. I l ik e ..................................................
This jacket isn’t very nice. I don’t ..................................................
This is my new car. D o ................................................. ?
Mrs Clark is not very friendly. I ..................................................
These are my new shoes................................................... ?
C o m p lete th e sen ten c es. Use i/m e /h e /h im etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
59 .5
tL o s e
Com plete the sentences. Use l/m e /y o u /s h e /h e r etc.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5 9 .4
f)
tli.it n u n . D o you k n o w
.Mr.'Tl
? .
those people. Do you k n o w A f".................. ?
David’s wife. D o you k n o w ............................. ?
Mr Stevens. D o you k n o w
...... ?
.
.
4-fA'i Da,i-i
Sarah’s parents. D o you k n o w
p
* an in
• the black
’
the w om
coat. Do you k n o w
1 I want to see her, b u t
59 .3
.... ?
jj— 7-
W h o is that woman? W hy are you looking at ... her
?
‘D o you know that man?’
‘Yes, I work with ...........................’
W here are the tickets? I can’t f in d ...........................
I can’t find my keys. W here a r e ........................ ?
W e’re going out. You can come w i t h ...........................
I’ve got a new com puter. D o you want to s e e ........................ ?
Maria likes music...............................plays the piano.
I d o n ’t like dogs. I’m afraid o f ...........................
I’m talking to you. Please listen t o ...........................
W here is Anna? I want to talk t o ...........................
You can have these CDs. I d o n ’t w a n t...........................
M y brother has a new job, b u t ........................ doesn’t like ..........................very m uch.
C o m p lete th e sen ten c es.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 need that book. Can y o u (jwe It i© me
?
H e wants the key. Can you g iv e ............................................................. ?
She wants the keys. C an you ............................................................. ?
1 want that letter. Can y o u ........................................................... ?
T hey want the money. Can you ............................................................ ?
We want the photographs. Can you ........................................................... ?
129
Unit
60
m y/his/their etc.
our umbrella.) ( uour umbrella ) ( his umbrella ) ( her umbrella ) f their umbrella
I
we
you
he
she
they
-*
->
-*
it
—*
—
my
our
your
his
her
their
>
j
I
We
You
He
She
T hey
like
like
like
likes
likes
like
my
our
your
his
her
their
house.
house.
house.
house.
house.
house.
Oxford (— it) is famous for its university.
its
We use m y /y o u r /h is etc.+ noun:
m y hands
ou r clo th es
his new car
your best friend
her parents
their room
h is/h e r /th e ir
DONNA
£
MR AND
ANDY
M RS LEE
her car
(= D o n n a’s car)
his bicycle
their son
her husband
(= D o n n a’s
husband)
his sister
their daughter
her children
(= D onna’s
children)
his parents
(id
their children
^
its and it ’s
its
it’s (— it is)
130
Oxford is famous for its university.
I like Oxford. It’s a nice place. (= It is a nice place.)
mine/yours etc. -» Unit 61
l/me/my/mine -» Unit 62
Exercises
60.1
Unit 6 0
C om plete th e sentences in the same way.
1 I’m going to w a sh
bajfid,s......
4 H e ’s going to wash .....
2 She’s going to w a sh ................................ hands. 5 T hey’re going to wash
3 W e’re going to w a sh .......................................... 6 Are you going to w a sh ..................................... ?
60.2
C om plete the sentences in the same way.
1 H e f c . wW his parents
5 I .................................................................parents.
2 They live with ...........................
parents. 6 John ........................................................................
3 W e ................................................
parents. 7 D o you liv e ....................................................... ?
4 Jane liv es.................................................................. 8 M ost children .....................
6 0 .3
Look a t the fam ily tree, and com plete the sentences w ith h is /h e r/th e ir.
S A IU H = PHILIP
£
%
GARY
TIM
L/IUIL4 = ST EV E
EMMA
6 0 .4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I saw Sarah w i t h
h er
husband, Philip.
I saw Laura and Steve w i t h ................. children.
Isaw Steve with ................. wife, Laura.
Isaw Gary w i t h ................. brother, Tim .
Isaw Laura w i t h ................. brother, Tim .
I saw Sarah and Philip w it h ..................son,T im .
Isaw Laura w i t h ................. parents.
I saw Emma and R o b ert w i t h ................... parents.
RO BERT
W rite m y /o u r/y o u r/h is /h e r/th e ir/its .
1 D o you lik e tjC ur
job?
2 I know M r Watson, but I d o n ’t k n o w ................... wife.
3 Alice and Tom live in L ondon.......................son lives in Australia.
4 W e’re going to have a party. W e’re going to invite a l l ....................friends.
5 Anna is going out w i t h ................... friends this evening.
6 I like tennis. It’s ................... favourite sport.
7 ‘Is t h a t ................... car?’
‘No, I haven’t got a car.’
8 I want to phone Maria. D o you k n o w ................... phone number?
9 D o you think most people are happy i n ...................jobs?
10 I’m going to w a sh .................. hair before I go out.
11 This is a beautiful tree........................leaves are a beautiful colour.
12 John has a brother and a sister...................... brother is 25, and
sister is 21.
6 0 .5 Com plete the sentences. Use m y /h is /th e ir etc. w ith these words:
coat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
h o m e w o rk
house
husband
jo b
key
nam e
Jim doesn’t e n jo y hi.s job
j t’s not Very interesting.
I can’t get in. I haven’t g o t ........................................................
Sally is m arried...........................................................works in a bank.
Please take o f f ....................................................... and sit down.
‘W hat are the children doing?’
‘T hey’re d o in g ........................................................ ’
‘D o you know that man?’ ‘Yes, but I d o n ’t k n o w ......................................................
We live in Barton Street.......................................................... is at the end on the left.
131
Unit
61
Whose is this? It's mine/yours/hers etc.
A
I
we
you
he
she
they
—
—>
—■>
->
—
my
our
your
his
her
their
It’s m y
It’s our
It’s your
It’s his
It’s her
It’s their
m in e
ours
— yours
—» his
—>
hers
— theirs
-
money.
money.
money.
money.
money.
money.
It’s m in e.
It’s ours.
It’s yours.
It’s his.
It’s hers.
It’s theirs.
Wc use m y /y o u r etc.+ noun (m y hands / your b o o k etc.):
□ M y hands are cold.
□ Is this you r book?
□ H elen gave me her um brella.
□ It’s their p rob lem , not our problem .
We use m in e /y o u r s etc. w ithout a noun:
□ Is this book m in e or yours? (= my book or your book)
□ I d idn’t have an umbrella, so H elen gave me hers. (= her umbrella)
□ It’s their problem, not ours. (= not our problem)
□ We w ent in our car, and they went in theirs. (= their car)
You can use his w ith or w ithout a noun:
□ ‘Is this his cam era or hers?’
‘It’s his.’
C
a friend o f m in e / a friend o f his / some friends o f yours etc.
O I w ent out to m eet a friend o f m in e. (not a friend o f me)
□ Tom was in the restaurant w ith a friend o f his. (not a friend of him)
□ Are those people friends o f yours? (not friends o f you)
W hose . . . ?
□ W h ose b o o k is this? (= Is it your book?
his book? my book? etc.)
You can use w h o se w ith or w ithout a noun:
□ W h ose m o n e y is this?
W h ose is this?
□ W h ose shoes are these?
W h ose are these?
132
my/his/their etc. -> Unit 60
It’s mine.
1
I T heY’re Jo h n ’s.
l/me/my/mine -> Unit 62
Kate's camera / my brother's car —> Unit 64
Exercises
61.1
C om plete the sentences w ith m ine/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
6 1 .2
5 It’s their house. It’s..................
6 T hey’re your books. T hey’re
7 T hey’re my glasses. T hey’re .
8 It’s his coat. It’s ......................
It’s their/t-he-irs problem, not -our/ours.
(their a n d ours are right)
This is a nice camera. Is it your/yours?
T h at’s not m y/rnine umbrella. M y/M ine is black.
W hose books are these? Your/Yours or m y/m ine?
C atherine is going out w ith her/hers friends this evening.
M y /M ine room is bigger than h er/h e rs.
T h ey ’ve got two children, but I d o n ’t know their/theirs names.
Can we use your washing machine? O u r/O u rs isn’t working.
C om plete these sentences. Use friend(s) o f m ine/yours etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 1 .4
It’s your money. It’s .yPW.rs...............................
It’s my bag. It’s .................................................
It’s our car. It’s ..................................................
T h ey ’re her shoes. T hey’r e
Choose th e rig h t word.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6 1 .3
Unit 61
I w ent to the cinema w ith a
-friend c f tnine......................................................
T hey went on holiday with s o m e -friends o f tkietrs........................................
She’s going out w ith a f r ie n d ......................................................................................
We had dinner with s o m e ...........................................................................................
I played tennis with a ....................................................................................................
Tom is going to m eet a .................................................................................................
D o you know those people? Are th e y ............................................................ ........
Look at the pictures. W h a t are the people saying?
133
Unit
62
l/m e/m y/m ine
I etc.
(-*■ U n it 59)
m e etc.
(-*■ U nit 59)
m y etc.
(-> U nit 60)
m in e etc.
(-» U n it6 1 )
i
/ S
I know Tom.
Tom knows m e.
It’s m y car.
It’s m ine.
We know Tom.
Tom knows us.
It’s our car.
It’s ours.
’I
You know Tom.
Tom knows you.
It’s your car.
It’s yours.
1
^0
H e knows Tom.
Tom knows him .
It’s his car.
It’s his.
She knows Tom.
Tom knows her.
It’s her car.
It’s hers.
T h ey know Tom.
Tom knows them .
It’s their car.
It’s theirs.
Study these examples:
□ ‘D o you know that man?’
‘Yes, I know h im , but I can’trem em ber his n am e.’
□ She was very pleased because w e invited her to stay with us atour house.
□ A: W here are the children? Have you seen them?
B: Yes, they a re playing w ith their friends in the p a r k .
□ T h at’s m y pen. Can you give it to m e, please?
□ ‘Is this your um brella?’
‘No, it’s yours.’
□ H e didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave h im hers. (= she gave her umbrella to him)
O I ’m going out w ith a friend o f m in e this evening, (not a friend o f me)
134
myself/yourself etc. -» Unit 63
Give me that book / Give it to me —> Unit 96
Exercises
62.1
Unit 6 2
Answer the questions in the same way.
Do you know
1
Do you know
that
2
I
Yes,
L.know...Hot
S'.
x
-«
^
( Do you know me?
Yes, I ........................................... , but
I .................................................................... names.
■
Yes, 1 ............................................ , but
C om plete th e se n te n c e s in th e sam e way.
1
2
3
•I
5
6
We invited h e r tc stajp Wi/Bl^us ac pttr kcuye....
H e invited us to stay w i t h .............................. at his house.
T hey invited me to stay with ..............................................
house.
I invited them to s ta y ............................................................................... house.
She invited us to stay ............................................................................... house.
D id you invite h i m .................................................................................house?
C o m p lete th e s e n te n c e s in th e sam e way.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 2 .4
'
Yes, I k n o w ................... , but I can’t
re m e m b e r......................................
*
6 2 .3
w o m a n ? ^ )-
^
i
J ...cori't
remember his name
6 2 .2
that
man? ^
I gave h i m
address, a n d 're a x y t me h is......
I gave h e r
.. address, and she gave m e ................................ .................
H e gave m e his
address, and I g a v e ..................................................
We gave th e m ................... address, and they g a v e ..................................................
She gave h i m ................... address, and he g a v e ...................................................
You gave us .................. address, and we gave ..................................................
T hey gave y o u ................... address, and you g a v e ..................................................
W rite h im /h e r/y o u rs etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
W h ere’s Amanda? Have you seen
h er
p
W here are my keys? W here did I p u t .................. ?
This letter is for Bill. C an you give it t o ..................?
We do n ’t s e e ................... neighbours much. T hey’re no t at hom e very often.
‘Yes, o f course.’
‘I can’t find my pen. C an I u s e ................. ?’
W e’re going to the cinema. W hy don’t you come w i t h ................... ?
D id your sister p ass.................. exams?
Some people talk a b o u t...................jobs all the time.
Last night I w ent out for a meal w ith a friend o f ....................
135
Unit
63
myself/yourself/themselves etc.
I
he
she
> me
—* h im
-> her
you
you
we
they
>
us
■* th em
—
>
m y se lf
h im se lf
—>
h erself
y o u rself
yourselves
—>
ourselves
—> them selves
—
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
I looked at m y se lf in the mirror.
H e cut h im s e lf with a knife.
She fell off her bike, but she didn’t hurt herself.
Please help yourself, (one person)
Please help yourselves, (two or wore people)
We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ourselves.
They had a nice time. T h ey enjoyed them selves.
Compare:
m e /h im /t h e m etc.
m y se lf/h im self/th e m selv es etc.
She is looking at h im .
i_________________ i
H e is looking at h im se lf .
dijferent- people
the sam e person
t
□ You never talk to m e.
□ I d idn’t pay for them .
□ I’m sorry. Did I hurt you?
□ Sometimes I talk to m yself.
P T hey paid for them selves.
□ Be careful. D o n ’t hurt yourself.
by m y s e lf / by y o u rself etc. = alone:
□ 1 w ent on holiday by m yself. (= 1 went alone)
□ ‘Was she w ith friends?’
‘N o, she was by herself.’
each oth er
□ Kate and H elen are good friends. They know each oth er well.
(= Kate knows H elen / H elen knows Kate)
□ Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / I live near him)
Compare each oth er and -selves:
□ T im and Sue looked at each other.
(= he looked at her, she looked at him)
136
me/him/them etc. -» Unit 59
□ Tim and Sue looked at them selves.
(— he looked at himself, she looked
at herself)
Exercises
63.1
C om plete the sentences w ith m yself/yo u rself etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6 3 .2
Unit 6 3
H e looked a t him self... .. in the mirror.
I’m not angry with you. I’m angry w i t h ......................................
Karen had a good time in Australia. She en jo y ed ......................................
M y friends had a good time in Australia. They enjoyed ......................................
I picked up a very hot plate and b u r n t ......................................
H e never thinks about other people. He only thinks a b o u t......................................
I want to know more about you. Tell me a b o u t....................................... (oneperson)
Goodbye! Have a good trip and look a fte r................................... ! (two people)
W rite sentences w ith by m yself / by y o u rs elf etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I w ent on holiday alone.
Iw ept On hduLaij by m yself...............................
W h en I saw him, he was alone. W hen I saw him, h e ....................................................
D o n ’t go out alone.
D o n ’t .................................................................................
I w ent to the cinema alone.
I ...........................................................................................
M y sister lives alone.
My siste r...........................................................................
M any people live alone.
M any p e o p le ..................................................................
6 3 .3
W rite sentences w ith each o th er.
6 3 .4
Com plete th e sentences. Use:
each o th e r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
or
ourselves/yourselves/them selves
or
us/you/them
Paul and I live n e a r eAch other......
W h o are those people? D o you k n o w them
?
You can help Tom, and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can h e lp ...............................
T h ere’s food in the kitchen. If you and Chris arehungry, you can h e lp ...........................
We didn’t go to Em ily’s party. She didn’t in v ite .....................................
W h en we go on holiday, we always e n jo y ..................................
M ary and Jane were at school together, but they never s e e ................................... now.
Diane and I are very good friends. W e’ve k n o w n ..................................... for a long time.
‘Did you see Sam and Laura at the party?’
‘Yes, but I didn’t speak t o ..........................
M any people talk t o ..................................... when they’re alone.
's (Kate's camera / my brother's car etc.)
My aunerct )
KATE
M Y BROTHER
my brother’s car
(his car)
K ate’s camera
(her camera)
the m anager’s office
(his or her office)
We norm ally use - ’s for people:
□ I stayed at m y sister’s house. (not the house o f my sister)
□ Have you m et Mr B lack ’s wife? (n o t the wife o f M r Black)
□ Are you going to Jam es’s party?
□ Paul is a m a n ’s name. Paula is a w o m a n ’s name.
You can use - ’s w ithout a noun after it:
□ Sophie’s hair is longer than K ate’s. (— Kate’s hair)
□ ‘W hose umbrella is this?’
‘It’s m y m o th e r’s.’ (= my m other’s umbrella)
□ ‘W here were you last night?’
‘I was at Paul’s.’ (= Paul’s house)
frien d ’s and frien d s’
my fr ie n d ’s house = one friend
(= his house or her house)
my frien d s’ house = two or more friends
(= their house)
We w rite ’s after
fr ie n d /stu d e n t/m o th e r etc. (singular):
my m o th er’s car (one mother)
my father’s car (one father)
We w rite ’ after
friends/students/parents etc. (plural):
my parents’ car (two parents)
We use o f . . . for things, places etc. :
□ Look at the ro o f o f that building. (no t that building’s roof)
□ We didn’t see the beginning o f the film , (not the film’s beginning
□ W hat’s the name o f this village?
□ D o you know the cause o f the problem ?
□ You can sit in the back o f the car.
□ M adrid is the capital o f Spain.
138
mine/yours etc. -» Unit 61
whose ... ? -» Unit 61
-'s (he's / Kate's etc.) -» Appendix 4.5
Exercises
64.1
Unit 6 4
Look a t the fam ily tree. Com plete the sentences ab o u t the people in the fam ily.
H ELEN
KST
7
JA M ES
&
DANIEL
H elen and Brian are married.
They have a son, James, and a daughter, Sarah.
Sarah is m arried to Paul.
Sarah and Paul have a son, Daniel.
6 4 .2
Brian i s
A husband.
Sarah is D aniel’s
r fic th tr ......
H elen i s .................................................. wife
James is Sarah’s ............................................
James is ........................................... uncle
Sarah i s .................................................. wife
H elen is D aniel’s .........................................
Sarah is James’s ............................................
Paul i s ........................................... husband
Paul is D aniel’s ............................................
Daniel i s ........................................ nephew
Look a t the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
JA N E
1
/—x
\
6 4 .3
1
2
3
•I
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
AN D Y
A LIC E
DL'INE
D AYE
W hose is this?
Alice’s
3
And this?
And this?
W hose is this?
4
And these?
And these?
Are these sentences OK? Change them w here necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
I stayed at the house o f my sister.
rnu siste r S house
W hat is the name o f this village?
QKr.............................
D o you like the colour o f this coat?
.......................................
D o you know the phone num ber o f Sim on?
.......................................
T he job o f my brother is very interesting.
.......................................
W rite your name at the top o f the page.
.......................................
For me, the m orning is the best part o f the day.
.......................................
T he favourite colour o f Paula is blue.
.......................................
W hen is the birthday o f your m other?
.......................................
T he house o f my parents isn’t very big.
.......................................
T he walls o f this house are very thin.
.......................................
T he car stopped at the end o f the street............................ .......................................
Are you going to the party o f Silvia next week?....................................................
T he manager o f the hotel is not here at the m om ent...........................................
139
Unit
65
a/an ...
It’s a beautiful day.
She’s waiting for a taxi.
a ... = one thing or person:
□
□
□
□
R achel works in a bank. (not in bank)
Can I ask a question? (n o t ask question)
I haven’t got a com p u ter.
T h ere’s a w o m a n at the bus stop.
an (not a) before a / e / i /o / u :
□ D o you want a n apple or a banana?
□ I’m going to buy a hat and an umbrella.
□ T here was a n interesting programme on TV last night.
also
but
an h ou r (h is not pronounced: an X0Llr)
a university (pronounced yuniversity)
a E uropean country (pronounced yuropean)
another (= an + other) is one word:
□ C an I have another cup o f coffee?
We use a /a n ... w hen we say what a thing or a person is. For example
□ T h e sun is a star.
□ Football is a gam e.
□ Dallas is a city in Texas.
□ A m ouse is an anim al. It’s a sm all anim al.
□ Joe is a very n ice person.
We use a /a n ... for jobs etc. :
□ A: W h a t’s your job?
B: I’m a dentist, (n o t I’m dentist)
□ ‘W hat does M ark do?’
‘H e ’s an engineer.’
□ Would you like to be a teacher?
□ Beethoven was a com p oser.
□ Picasso was a fam ou s painter.
□ Are you a student?
140
a car / some money (countable/uncountable) -» Units 6 7 -68
a and the -» Unit 69
Exercises
65.1
Unit 6 5
W rite a or an.
4 ............airport
5 ............new airport
6 ............organisation
1
4b old book
2 ............window
3
horse
6 5 .2
W h a t are these things? Choose from the box.
-bird
flower
1
2
3
•1
5
6 5 .3
fruit
game
m ountain
planet
river
tool
musical instrum ent
vegetable
6 Saturn
A duck i s A- hird........................................
A carrot i s ...........................................................
7
Tennis i s ..............................................................
8
A ham m er i s .......................................................
9
Everest i s ............................................................
10
is
A banana i s ............
The Amazon i s ......
A rose is ..................
A trum pet i s ..........
W h a t are the ir jobs? Choose from the list and com plete th e sentences.
architect
electrician
1
dentist
nurse
shop assistant
taxi driver
SHe-’s A d e n tis t. ...........................................
2 H e ’s ........................................................................
3 S h e .........................................................................
4 .................................................................................
6 5 .4
7
university
8.............hour
9
econom ic problem
photographer
5
6
7
8 And you? I’m ........................
W rite sentences. Choose from the tw o boxes. Use a /a n where necessary.
-I want to ask you
Tom never wears
I can’t ride
M y brother is
1
I
R ebecca works in
Jane wants to learn
Mike lives in
This evening I’m going to
old house
party
bookshop
hat
artist
question
foreign language
bicycle
to aok ucu a. question.
2 ...........................................................................
3 .................................................................
4 .................................................................
5 .................................................................
6 ...........................................................................
7 .................................................................
8 ...........................................................................
141
Unit
66
train(s)
bus(es)
(singular and plural)
T h e plural o f a noun is usually ■s:
plural (= two or more)
singular (— one)
some flowers
two trains
a few w eeks
some nice places
these students
a flower
a train
one week
a nice place
this student
some flowers
a flower
Spelling (—> Appendix 5):
>buses dish dishes
-es bus —
church —
>churches box —
»boxes
also potato
potatoes tomato —
1>tomatoes
babies dictionary dictionaries
-y -*• -ies baby
party —
»parties
but -ay / -ey / -oy —
> -ys day —
»days monkey —
>monkeys boy —
>boys
»shelves knife knives wife wives
-ves shelf—
-s / -sh / -ch / -x
— >
— >
— >
— >
— >
t
d1
; 1
\
<—
1
— >
— >
These tilings are plural in English:
scissors
glasses
trousers
jeans
tights
shorts
pyjamas
□ D o you wear glasses?
□ W here are the scissors? I need them .
You can also say a pair o f scissors / a pair o f trousers / a pair o f pyjam as etc. :
□ I need a new pair o f jeans, or I need so m e new jeans, {not a new jeans)
Some plurals do not end in -s:
this m an —* these m en
a w o m a n —* some w o m en
a child —* many children
one fo o t —» two feet
a to o th —* all my teeth
a m o u se —* some m ic e
that sh eep —* those sheep
a fish —» a lot o f fish
also a p erson —* tw o p eo p le / so m e p eop le / a lo t o f p eo p le etc. :
O S h e’s a nice person.
but □ T h ey are nice p eop le, {not nice persons)
P eo p le is plural (= they), so we say p eop le are / p eo p le have etc. :
□ A lo t o f p eo p le speak English, {not speaks)
□ I like the p eo p le here. T h ey are very friendly.
P o lice is plural:
□ T h e p o lic e w ant to talk to anybody who saw the accident, {not T he police wants)
by —* Units
21, 63, 109
at/on
-»
Units
103, 1 0 6 -1 0 7
preposition
+
-ing
—»
Unit
112
Exercises
66.1
W rite the plural.
1
2
3
4
6 6 .2
Unit 6 6
flower
boat
wom an
city
flowers
5
6
7
8
umbrella
address
knife
sandwich
............................
............................
............................
............................
family
foot
holiday
potato
Look a t the pictures and com plete th e sentences.
1 T here are a lot o f sli^ep
|n the field.
2 Gary is cleaning h i s .........................
3 T here are th re e ......................... at the bus stop.
6 6 .3
9
10
11
12
-I Lucy has got t w o ................................
5 There are a lot o f
in the river.
6 T h e .........................are falling from the tree.
Are these sentences OK? Change the sentences where necessary.
1 I’m going to buy some flowers.
2 I need a new jeans.
OK
I need, <K new pom of je a n s .
OR
I ne.c.d. so m e n * j e a n s . ....
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
6 6 .4
It’s a lovely park w ith a lot o f beautiful tree.
T here was a woman in the car w ith two mens.
Sheep eat grass.
David is m arried and has three childs.
M ost o f my friend are student.
H e p u t on his pyjama and w ent to bed.
We w ent fishing, but we didn’t catch many fish.
D o you know many persons in this town?
I like your trouser. W here did you get it?
T he tow n centre is usually full o f tourist.
I d o n ’t like mice. I’m afraid o f them.
This scissor isn’t very sharp.
W hich is right? Com plete the sentences.
1 It’s a nice place. M any p e o p le fl.P there on holiday.
2 Some p e o p le ........................always late.
3 T he new city hall is not a very beautiful building. M ost
p e o p le ......................... like it.
4 A lot o f p e o p le ....................... television every day.
5 Three p e o p le ......................... injured in the accident.
6 H ow many p e o p le ......................... in that house?
7 ......................... the police know the cause o f the explosion?
8 T he p o lic e ..................... looking for the stolen car.
9 I need my glasses, but I can’t find ..........................
10 I’m going to b u y ....................... new jeans today.
g o or goes?
is or are?
d o n ’t or d o esn ’t?
w atch or watches?
was or were?
live or lives?
D o or Does?
is or are?
it or them?
a or some?
143
Unit
67
a bottle I some water
(countable/uncountable 1)
A noun can be countable or uncountable.
C ountable nouns
For example: (a) car
(a) m an
(a) b ottle
(a) h ou se
(a) key
(an) idea
(an) accident
You can use o n e /tw o /th r e e (etc.) + countable nouns (you can count them):
As
one b ottle
three m en
two bottles
C ountable nouns can be singular (= one) or plural (= two or more):
singular
plural
a car
cars
the car
tw o cars
m y car etc.
the cars
so m e cars
m an y cars etc.
□ I’ve got a car.
□ N ew cars are very expensive.
□ T here aren’t m any cars in the car park.
You can’t use the singular (c a r/b o ttle/k ey etc.) alone. You need a/an:
□ We can’t get into the house w ithout a key. (not w ithout key)
U ncountable nouns
For example: w ater
air
rice
salt
plastic
w ater
m o n ey
m u sic
m o n ey
You can’t say o n e /tw o /th r e e (etc.) + these things:
U ncountable nouns have only one form:
m oney
the m o n ey
my m o n ey
m u sic
ene -water-
some m o n ey
two musies
m uch m o n e y etc.
□ I’ve got so m e m on ey.
□ T here isn’t m u ch m o n ey in the box.
□ M on ey isn’t everything.
You can’t use a /a n + uncountable nouns:
X m o n ey
X m u sic
X w ater
But you can say a p iece o f . . . / a b ottle o f . . . etc. + uncountable noun:
a b ottle o f water
a p iece o f cheese
a b ow l o f rice
144
a/an -» Unit 65
a carton o f milk
a b ottle o f perfume
a cup o f coffee
countable/uncountable 2 -» Unit 68
tennis
a bar o f chocolate
a p iece o f music
a gam e o f tennis
Exercises
67.1
Unit 6 7
W h a t are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. W rite a /an if
necessary. The names o f these things are:
bucket
envelope
egg
Ju g
It’s
salt
m oney
-salt-
It’s
sand
spoon
flL.spppn..
It’s
It's
It’s
11
12
It’s
It’s
Some o f these sentences are OK, but some need a /a n . W rite a /an where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6 7 .3
wallet
water
It’s
It’s
6 7 .2
toothbrush
toothpaste
I haven’t got w atch
a vcatck...................
D o you like cheese?
QK-.............................
I never wear hat
Are you looking for job? .............................
Kate doesn’t eat m eat........................................
Kate eats apple every day. .............................
I’m going to party tonight..............................
M usic is wonderful thing............................
9
Jamaica is island..............................
10
I don’t need key. ..........................
I1Everybody needs food..............................
12
I’ve got good idea...........................
13
Can you drive car? .....................
14
D o you want cup o f coffee? ....
15
I d o n ’t like cotfee w ithout m ilk..
16 D o n ’t go out w ithout umbrella...
W h a t are these things? W rite a ... o f ... for each picture. Use th e words in the boxes.
7
bar
bowl
canton
1
2
3
cup
glass
jar
a carton o f milk
loaf
piece
piece
+
bread
chocolate
honey
milk
paper
soup
4 .................................................
5 .................................................
6 .................................................
<&
tea
water
wood
7
8
9
145
Unit
68
a cake / some cake / some cakes
(countable/uncountable 2)
a /a n and so m e
a /a n + singular countable nouns (ca r/a p p le/sh o e etc.):
□ I need a new car.
□ W ould you like an apple?
an apple
so m e + plu ra l countable nouns (cars/ap p les/sh oes etc.):
□ I need so m e new shoes.
□ W ould you like so m e apples?
so m e apples
so m e + uncountable n o uns (w a ter/m o n ey /m u sic etc.):
□ I need so m e water.
□ W ould you like so m e cheese?
(or W ould you like a p iece o f cheese?)
so m e cheese or
a p ie ce o f cheese
Com pare a and som e:
□ N icole bought a hat, so m e shoes and so m e perfum e.
□ I read a n ew spaper, made so m e p h on e calls, and listened to so m e m usic.
M any nouns are sometimes countable and sometimes uncountable. For example:
a cake
so m e cakes
so m e cake or a p ie ce o f cake
a ch ick en
so m e chickens
so m e chicken or a p iece o f chicken
C om pare a paper (= a newspaper) and so m e paper:
□ I w ant som ething to read. I’m going to buy a paper.
b ut P I want to make a shopping list. I need so m e paper / a p iece o f paper. (not a paper)
Be careful with:
a d vice
bread
furniture
hair
in form ation
new s
w eather
work
These nouns are usually uncountable. So you can’t say a /a n ... (a bread, an advice), and they
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
C an I talk to you? I need so m e advice. (not an advice)
I’m going to buy so m e bread. (not a bread)
T h ey’ve got so m e very nice furniture in their house, (not furnitures)
Silvia has got very long hair, (not hairs)
I’d like so m e in fo rm a tio n about hotels in London. (n o t informations)
Listen! I’ve just had so m e good new s. (not a good news)
It’s nice w eather today, (not a nice weather)
‘D o you like your jo b ?’
‘Yes, but it’s hard work.’(n o t a hard work)
We say a jo b (b u t not a work):
□ I’ve got a new jo b . (not a new work)
146
countable/uncountable 1 —> Unit 67
some and any -» Unit 76
Exercises
68.1
Unit 6 8
W h a t did you buy? Use th e pictures to w rite sentences (I b o u g h t ...).
]
I bought some perfume., a. h a t and so<re shoes........................................
2 I b o u g h t...........................................................................
..........
........
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
4 ..............................................................................................................................................
6 8 .2
W rite sentences w ith W o u ld you like a ... ? o r W o u ld you like some ... ?
1
WoMlti ucm l i k e j> o rr, e c h e e s e ?...........................
4
?
2 W ould you lik e ..................................................... ? 5 ............................................................................. ?
3 W o u ld ...................................................................... ? 6 ............................................................................. ?
W rite a/an or some.
6 8 .4
I re a d .4 . book and listened t o some
music.
I n e e d m oney. I want to b u y
food.
We m e t
interesting people at the party.
I’m going to o p e n
w indow to g e t
fresh air.
bread.
R achel didn’t eat m uch for lunch - o n ly apple a n d
We live i n
big house. T here’s
nice garden w i t h
I ’m going to make a table. First I n e e d ........... wood.
Listen to me carefully. I’m going to give you
advice.
I want to w rite a letter. I n e e d
paper a n d
pen.
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.
6 8 .3
beautiful trees.
W hich is right?
1 I’m going to buy
some new shoe/shoes.(shoes
isright)
2 M artin has got brow n eye/eyes.
3 Paula has got short black hair/hairs.
4 T he tour guide gave us some inform ation/inform ations about the city.
5 W e’re going to buy some new chair/chairs.
6 W e’re going to buy some new furniture/furnitures.
7 It’s hard to find a w ork/job at the m om ent.
8 We had wonderful weather / a wonderful weather w hen we were on holiday.
Unit
69
a/an and the
the
a /a n
5 3 -jf
Q
Can you open
a window?
T here are three windows here,
a w indow = w indow 1 or 2 or 3
T here is only one w indow here
the window.
□ I’ve got a car.
(there are many cars and I’ve got one)
□ Can I ask a question? (there are many
questions —can I ask one?)
□ Is there a h o tel near here? (there are
many hotels —is there one near here?)
□ Paris is an interesting city, (there are
many interesting cities and Paris is one)
□ Lisa is a student.
(there are many students and Lisa is
one)
□ I’m going to clean the car tomorrow.
(= my car)
□ Can you repeat the q uestion, please?
(= the question that you asked)
□ We enjoyed our holiday. T h e hotel
was very nice. (= our hotel)
□ Paris is the capital o f France.
(there is only one capital o f France)
□ Lisa is the y o u n g est student in her
class, (there is only one youngest
student in her class)
C om pare a and the:
. 1
1.
1
1
n I bought a jack et and a shirt . T h e jack et was cheap, but th e shirt was expensive.
(= the jacket and the shirt that I bought)
We say the ... w hen it is clear which thing or person we mean. For example:
the d o o r / th e ce ilin g / the floor / the carpet / the ligh t etc. (o f a room)
the r o o f / the garden / th e k itch en / the b ath room etc. (o f a house)
the cen tre / the station / the airport / the tow n hall etc. (o f a toum)
□
‘W h ere’s Tom?
‘In the kitchen.’
(= the kitchen o f this house or flat)
□ Turn off the ligh t and close the door.
(= the light and the door o f the room)
□ D o you live far from the centre?
(= the centre o f your town)
□ I’d like to speak to the m anager, please.
(= the manager o f this shop etc.)
148
a/an -» Unit G5
the -» Units 70-73
Exercises
W rite a /an or the.
t
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6 9 .2
We enjoyed our trip
Th®r
hotel was very nice.
‘C an I a s k .4
question?’
‘Sure. W hat do you w ant to know?’
You look very tired. You n e e d
holiday.
‘W here’s Tom?’
‘H e ’s i n
garden.’
Eve i s
interesting person. You should m eet her.
A: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get t o
city centre?
B: Yes, go straight on and then ta k e
next turning left.
A: Shall we go out f o r
meal this evening?
B: Yes, that’s
good idea.
It’s n ice m orning. Let’s go f o r
walk.
Amanda i s
student. W hen she finishes her studies, she wants to b e
journalist.
She lives with two triends i n
apartm ent n e a r
college where she is studying.
..............apartm ent is small, but she likes it.
Peter and Mary have got two children,
boy a n d
girl................... boy is seven
years old, a n d ...............girl is three..Peter works i n
factory. Mary hasn’t g o t ............. jo b
at the m om ent.
.
69.1
C om plete the sentences. Use a or th e + these words:
airport
6 9 .3
Unit 6 9
cup
d iction ary
d oor
floor
picture
These sentences are not correct. Put in a /an or th e where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D o n ’t forget to turn offliaht w hen you go out.................... ....fxm-. o-f-f the.
Enjoy your trip, and d o n ’t forget to send me postcard.................................................
W hat is name o f this village?
........................................
Canada is very big country.
........................................
W hat is largest city in Canada?
........................................
I like this room , but I d o n ’t like colour o f carpet.
........................................
‘Are you O K ?’
‘No, I’ve got headache.’
........................................
We live in old house near station.
........................................
W hat is name o f director o f film we saw last night?
........................................
149
Unit
70
the ...
We use the w hen it is clear w hich thing or person we mean:
□ W hat is the n am e o f this street? (there is only one name)
□ W h o is the best player in your team? (there is only one best player)
□ C an you tell me the tim e, please? (= the time now)
□ M y office is on the first floor. (= the first floor o f the building)
D o n ’t forget the:
□ D o you live near the city centre? (n o t near city centre)
□ Excuse me, w here is the nearest bank? (not w here is nearest ...)
the sam e ...
□ We live in the sam e street, (not in same street)
□ ‘Are these two books different?’ ‘No, they’re the sam e.’ (not they’re same)
We say:
the sun / th e m o o n / the w orld / the sky / the sea / the cou n try
□ T h e sky is blue and the sun is shining.
□ D o you live in a town or in the country?
the p o lic e / the fire b rigade / the arm y (of a city, country etc.)
□ M y brother is a soldier. H e ’s in the arm y.
□ W h at do you think o f the police? D o they do a good job?
th e to p
the top / the end / the m id d le / the left etc.
□ W rite your name at the top o f the page.
□ M y house is at the end o f the street.
□ T he table is in the m id d le o f the room.
□ D o you drive on the righ t or on the left in your country?
the left
th e rig h t
th e b o tto m
(play) the p ian o / the guitar / the trum pet etc. (musical instruments)
□ Paula is learning to play the piano.
the radio
□ I listen to the radio a lot.
the In tern et
□ D o you use the In ternet much?
We do n o t use the with:
television / T V
□ 1 w atch T V a lot.
□ W h at’s on television tonight?
but Can you turn off the television? (= the TV set)
breakfast / lunch / dinner
□ W hat did you have for breakfast? (not the breakfast)
□ D in n er is ready!
n ex t / last + w e e k /m o n th /y e a r /su m m e r /M o n d a y etc.
□ I’m not working n ext w eek. (not the next week)
□ Did you have a holiday last sum m er? (not the last summer)
150
a/an and the -» Unit 69
the -» Units 71-73
the oldest / the most expensive etc. -» Unit 90
Exercises
70.1
Put in th e where necessary. W rite 'OK' if th e sentence is already correct.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
70.2
W hat is name o f this street?
th e nam e.........................
W hat’s on television tonight?
.QK......................................
O u r apartm ent is on second tloor.........................................................................................
W ould you like to go to moon?............................................................................................
W hich is best hotel in this town?......................................... ................................................
W hat time is lunch?................................................................. ................................................
H ow far is it to city centre?................................................... ................................................
W e’re going away at end o f May........................................... ................................................
W hat are you doing next weekend?.....................................................................................
I didn’t like her first time I m et her.
................................................
I’m going out after dinner.
................................................
Internet is a good way o f getting inform ation.
................................................
M y sister got m arried last m onth.
................................................
M y dictionary is on top shelf on right.
................................................
We live in country about ten miles from nearest tow n...................................................
C om plete the sentences. Use th e same +
age
1
2
3
4
5
70.3
Unit 70
colou r
p rob lem
these words:
street
I live in N orth Street and you live in N o rth Street. We live i n the. soar.e S treet
I arrived at 8.30 and you arrived at 8.30. We arrived at ...............................................
Jim is 25 and Sue is 25. Jim and Sue are ..........................................................................
M y shirt is dark blue and so is my jacket. M y shirt and jacket are ............................
I’ve got no money and you’ve got no money. W e’ve got .............................................
Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use th e if necessary.
1
The Swn........................................ is shining.
2 She’s p lay in g ..........................................................
3 T h ey ’re h a v in g ......................................................
7 0.4
tim e
1 H e ’s w a tc h in g ......................................................
5T hey’re swim m ing in .........................................
6 T im ’s name is a t .............................. o f the list.
Com plete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use th e if necessary.
capital
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
d in n e r
p o lic e
lun ch
m id d le
n am e
sky
television
We h a d
... . at a restaurant last night.
We stayed at a very nice hotel, but I don’t re m e m b e r..................................................
............................................... is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.
Sometimes there are some good films o n .................................................late at night.
Som ebody was trying to break into the shop, so I ca lle d ..................................................
Tokyo i s ................................................ o f Japan.
‘W hat did you have f o r ............................................... ?’
‘A salad.’
I woke up i n
o f the night.
151
Unit
71
go to work
go home
go to the cinema
A
She's a t w o rk .
T hey’re going to sch o o l.
H e’s in b ed .
We say:
(go) to w ork, (be) at work, start w ork, finish w ork
□ Bye! I’m g o in g to w ork now. (not to the work)
□ I finish w ork at 5 o ’clock every day.
(go) to sch o o l, (be) at sch ool, start sch ool, leave sch ool etc.
□ W h at did you learn at sch ool today? (not at the school)
□ Some children d o n ’t like school.
(go) to u n iv ersity /co lleg e, (be) at u n iversity/college
□ H elen wants to go to university w hen she leaves sch ool.
□ W h at did you study at college?
(go) to h ospital, (be) in hospital
□ Jack had an accident. He had to go to hospital.
(go) to p rison, (be) in prison
□ W hy is he in prison? W hat did he do?
(go) to church, (be) in /a t church
□ David usually goes to church on Sundays.
(go) to bed, (be) in bed
□ I’m tired. I’m g o in g to bed. (not to the bed)
□ ‘W h e re’s Jane?’
‘She’s in bed.’
(go) h o m e , (be) at h o m e etc.
□ I’m tired. I’m g o in g h om e, (not to home)
□ Are you going out tonight, or are you staying at hom e?
We say:
(go to) the cin em a / the theatre / the bank / the p ost office / the station /
the airp ort / the city centre
□ I never go to the theatre, but I go to the cin em a a lot.
□ ‘Are you going to the bank?’
‘No, to the p ost office.’
□ T he num ber 5 bus goes to the airport; the num ber 8 goes to
the city centre.
(go to) the d octor, the dentist
□ You’re not well. W hy don’t you go to the doctor?
□ I have to go to the dentist tomorrow.
152
the -» Units 69-70, 7 2 -73
in/at -» Units 106-107
to/in/at -» Unit 108
(at) home —> Unit 108
Exercises
71.1
Unit 71
W here are these people? Com plete the sentences. Sometim es you need th e .
1 H e ’s i n
b ed ,
2 T h ey ’re .it
71.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
bed chu rch
hom e
post office
school
station
I need to change some money. I have to go t o th e t>ank......
David usually goes t o
ch.w.trch
ou Sundays.
In Britain, children go to ................................................. from the age o f five.
T here were a lot o f people a t ................................................. waiting for the train.
I phoned you last night, but you w eren’t a t ..................................................
I’m going t o ............................................... now. Goodnight!
I’m going t o ............................................... to get some stamps.
C om plete the sentences. Som etim es you need the.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7 1.4
5 T hey’re at
6 H e ’s i n .....
C om plete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use th e if necessary.
bank
71.3
3 She’s in
4 She’sa t ....................................
If you
If you
If you
If you
If you
If you
If you
want to catch a plane, you ....£)?
the fli/pcrf,................................................................
want to see a iilm. you go to ................................................................................................
are tired and you want to sleep, you ....................................................................................
rob .1 bank and the police catch you. you ..........................................................................
have a problem w ith your teeth, you ..................................................................................
want to study after you leave school, y o u ..........................................................................
are badly injured in an accident, you ..................................................................................
Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.
1 We went to cinema last night.
to thtj, cte.f.raa.........................
2 I finish work at 5 o ’clock every day.
OK..............................................
3 Lisa wasn’t feeling well yesterday, so she w ent to doctor.............................................................
4 I wasn’t feeling well this m orning, so I stayed in bed.
.......................................................
5 W hy is Angela always late for work?
.......................................................
6 ‘W here are your children?’
‘T hey’re at school.’
.......................................................
7 We have no m oney in bank.
.......................................................
8 W hen I was younger, I w ent to church every Sunday.
.......................................................
9 W hat time do you usually get hom e from work?
.......................................................
10 D o you live far from city centre?
.......................................................
1 1 ‘W here shall we m eet?’
‘At station.’.............................................................................................
12 Jim is ill. H e ’s in hospital.
.......................................................
13 Kate takes her children to school every day............................ .......................................................
14 W ould you like to go to university?.................................................................................................
15 W ould you like to go to theatre this evening?
.......................................................
153
Unit
72
I like music
I hate exams
Hate exams 7)
D o not use the for general ideas:
O I like m u sic, especially classical m usic.
(not the music ... the classical music)
□ We d o n ’t eat m ea t very often, (not the meat)
□ Life is not possible w ithout water.
(not T he life ... the water)
□ I hate exam s, (not the exams)
□ D o you know a shop that sells foreign newspapers?
□ I’m not very good at w riting letters.
D o not use the for games and sports:
□ M y favourite sports are footb all and skiing, (not the football ... the skiing)
D o not use the for languages or school subjects (h isto ry /g eo g r a p h y /p h y sics/b io lo g y etc.):
O D o you think E nglish is difficult? (not the English)
□ Tom ’s brother is studying physics and chem istry.
flow ers or th e flowers?
Com pare:
1 84
□ Flow ers are beautiful.
(= flowers in general)
□ I love this garden.
T he flowers are beautiful.
(= the flowers in this
garden)
□ I d o n ’t like co ld weather.
(= cold weather in general)
□ T he w eather isn’t very
good today.
(= the weather today)
□ We d o n ’t eat fish very
often. (= fish in general)
□ We had a great meal last
night. T h e fish was
excellent.
(= the fish we ate last
night)
□ Are you interested in
history?
(= history in general)
□ D o you know m uch
about the h istory o f
your country?
the -» Units 69-71, 73
Exercises
72.1
Unit 7 2
W h a t do you th in k ab o u t these things?
big cities
chocolate
com puter games
dogs
exams
housework
jazz
museums
parties
tennis
Choose seven o f these things and w rite sentences w ith :
I like ...
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7 2 .2
I d o n 't like ...
I h a te exam s.
or
I h ate
I like exam s.
...
or
or
... is/are all rig h t
Exams a r e a l l right, (etc,.) ....
.....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
Are you interested in these things? W rite sentences w ith :
I’m (very) interested in ...
I ’m not interested in ...
1 (history)
2
3
4
5
6
7 2 .3
I love ...
I know a lot about ...
I know a little about ...
I don’t know much about ...
I d o n ’t know anything about ...
l/rr.very interested, in history.......................................................................
(politics)
I ...................................................................................................................................
(sport)
......................................................................................................................................
(art)....................... ......................................................................................................................................
(astronomy)
.....................................................................................................................................
(economics)
......................................................................................................................................
W h ich is right?
1 M y favourite sport is football / the football. (football isright)
2 I like this hotel. R e e m s -/ T he rooms are very nice. (T he
rooms is right)
3 Everybody needs friends / the friends.
4 Jane doesn’t go to parties / the parties very often.
5 I w ent shopping this m orning. Shops / T he shops were very busy.
6 ‘W h ere’s milk / the m ilk?’
‘It’s in the fridge.’
7 I d o n ’t like milk / the m ilk. I never drink it.
8 ‘D o you do any sports?’
‘Yes, I play basketball / the basketball.’
9 ‘W hat does your brother do?’
‘H e sells com puters / the com puters.’
10 We w ent for a swim in the river. Water / T he water was very cold.
11 1 do n ’t like swimming in cold water / the cold
water.
12 Excuse me, can you pass salt / the salt, please?
13 I like this town. I like people / the people here.
14 Vegetables / T he vegetables are good for you.
15 Houses / T he houses in this street are all the same.
16 1 can’t sing this song. I d o n ’t know words / the words.
17 I enjoy taking photographs / the photographs. It’s my hobby.
18 D o you want to see photographs / the photographs that I took w hen I was on holiday?
19 English / T he English is used a lot in international business / the international business.
20 M oney / T he m oney doesn’t always bring happiness / the happiness.
155
Unit
73
the ... (names o f places)
Places (continents, countries, states, islands, towns etc.)
In general we do no t use the w ith names o f places:
□ France is a very large country. (n o t the France)
□ C airo is the capital o f E gypt.
□ C orsica is an island in the M editerranean.
□ Peru is in South A m erica.
B ut we use the in names w ith ‘republic’/ ’states’/ ’kingdom ’:
th e C zech R ep u b lic
the U n ited States o f America (the USA)
th e U nited K in g d o m (the UK)
B
the -s (plural names)
We use the w ith p lural names o f countries/islands/m ountains:
th e Netherlands
the Canary Islands
the Philippines
the Alps
Seas, rivers etc.
We use the w ith names o f oceans/seas/rivers/canals:
the Atlantic (Ocean)
the M editerranean (Sea)
the (River) Nile
the Suez Canal
the Amazon
the Black Sea
Places in towns (streets, buildings etc.)
©
©
©
In general we do not use the w ith names o f streets, squares etc. :
□ Kevin lives in N e w to n Street.
□ W here is H ighfield R oad , please?
□ T im e s Square is in N ew York.
We do not use the w ith names o f airports, stations and many other
im portant buildings:
K en nedy A irp ort
W estm inster A bbey
L ond on Z o o
V icto ria S tation
C am b rid ge U niversity
E dinburgh Castle
But we use th e with names o f most hotels, museums, theatres and cinemas:
the R eg en t H otel
the National Theatre
the Science M useum
the O deon (cinema)
the ... o f ...
We use the + names w ith ... o f ... :
the M useum o f M odern Art
the Great Wall o f China
the University o f California
the Tower o f London
We say the n orth / the south / the east / the w est (of...):
□ I’ve been to the north o f Italy, but not to the south.
the -> Units 69-72
(th e )
Exercises
73.1
Answ er these geography questions. Choose from the box. Use The if necessary.
Couro
The Atlantic
1
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
17
13
14
15 ..
7 3 .2
Unit 73
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
is the capital o f Egypt.
is between Africa and America.
is a country in northern Europe.
is a river in South America.
is the largest continent in the w'orld.
is the largest ocean.
is a river in Europe.
is a country in East Africa.
is between Canada and Mexico.
are mountains in South America.
is the capital ofThailand.
are mountains in central Europe.
is between Saudi Arabia and Africa.
is an island in the Caribbean.
are a group o f islands near Florida.
Alps
Amazon
Andes
Asia
Atlantic
Bahamas
Bangkok
Cairo
Jamaica
Kenya
Pacific
R ed Sea
R hine
Sweden
U nited States
W rite th e where necessary. I f th e sentence is already correct, w rite OK.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Kevin lives in N ew ton Street.
QK..........................................
We w ent to see a play at National I heat re.
National Theatre.
Have you ever been to China?
.....................................................
Have you ever been to Philippines?
....................................................
Have you ever been to south o f France?..................... ....................................................
Can you tell me where Regal Cinem a is?
....................................................
Can you tell me where M errion Street is?
....................................................
Can you tell me where M useum o f Art is?.....................................................................
Europe is bigger than Australia.
....................................................
Belgium is smaller than Netherlands............................ ....................................................
W h ich river is longer —Mississippi or Nile?....................................................................
D id you go to National Gallery w hen you were
.....................................................
in London?
We stayed at Park H otel in H udson R oad.
.....................................................
H ow 'far is it from Trafalgar Square to Victoria
.....................................................
Station (in L o n d o n )?
R o ck y M ountains are in N orth America.
.....................................................
Texas is famous for oil and cowboys..................................................................................
I hope to go to U nited States next year.
.....................................................
M ary comes from west o f Ireland.
....................................................
Alan is a student at M anchester University.
....................................................
Panama Canal joins Atlantic O cean and
....................................................
Pacific Ocean.
Additional exercises 3 3 -3 4 (pages 2 6 9 -7 0 )
157
this/that/these/those
these (plural)
this (singular)
this picture
(= this picture here)
these flowers
(= these flowers here)
this
these
that (singular)
th ose (plural)
that picture
(= that picture there)
th ose people
(= those people there)
that
those
We use th is/th a t/th e se/th o se with a noun (this picture / those girls etc.) or w ithout a noun:
□ T his h o tel is expensive, but it’s very nice.
✓c u W t f f a j ,
□ W h o ’s that' girl?’
‘I d o n ’t know.’
w ith a n o u n ®
□ D o you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
□ Thosfe apples look nice. Can I have one?
QTT>.
.
.
□ T his is a nice hotel, but it’s very expensive.
□ ‘Excuse me, is this your bag?’
‘O h yes, thank you.’
w ith o u t a n o u n
□ W h o ’s that? (= W ho is that person?)
□ W hich shoes do you prefer —these or those?
;fl-(
if
I
that = som ething that has happened:
□ ‘I’m sorry I forgot to phone you.’
‘T h a t ’s all right.’
□ T hat was a really nice meal. T hank you very much.
that = w hat som ebody has ju st said:
□ ‘You’re a teacher, aren’t you?’
‘Yes, that’s right.’
□ ‘M artin has got a new job.’
‘Elas he? I didn’t know that.’
□ ‘I’m going on holiday next week.’
‘O h, that’s nice.’
We use this is ... and is that ... ? on the telephone:
□ Hi Sarah, this is David.
(this = the speaker)
□ Is that Sarah?
(that = the other person)
Sarah,
is David.
We use this is ... to introduce
□ A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris —nice to
m eet you.
c: Hi.
AMANDA
this one / that one
—*
Unit 75
HillAX
CHRIS
Exercises
74.1
Unit 7 4
C om plete th e sentences. Use th is /th a t/th e s e /th o s e + tnese words: ,
K
r7M
1 ac-™ c u -d e u ^ S t r%v>
birds
h ou se
plates
postcards
seat
'y .u u
1
Do you like
th e se shoes
shees-
t
"
r rn )
°
( S c e > -^ o .te r < t
---------------------
Who lives in th /y ^' t..
?
L o m , iS£.
?
Iff r-.y^C
( ' Look at
bt
" 'C f '" \
are dirty^/
7 4 .2
W rite questions: Is th is /th a t y o u r ... ? or A re these/th o se you r ... ?
ojClH AM
7 4 .3
C om plete the sentences w ith this is or th a t's or th a t.
I’m sorry I’m l a te .
Thdfc’s
all right.
2 A: I can’t com e to the party tomorrow.
is: O h , ................................a pity. W hy not?
3 on the p ho n e
SUE: Hello,Jane. ............................ Sue.
JANE: O h, hi Sue. H ow are you?
4 A: You’re lazy.
is: ................................not true!
1 A:
is:
5
Beth plays the piano very well.
is: Does she? I didn’t k n o w .................................
A:
6 Mark meets Paul’s sister, Helen.
PAUL: M ark ,...............................my sister, Helen.
MARK: Hi, Helen.
7 A: I’m sorry I was angry yesterday,
is: ................................OK. Forget it!
8 A: You’re a friend ofT'im ’s, aren’t you?
is: Y es,................................right.
one/ones
on e (= a ...)
These chocolates are goodWould- you like one?
c
W ould you like o n e ?
I
—W ould you like a ch o co la te ?
on e = a/an ... (a chocolate / an apple etc.)
□ I need a pen. Have you got one? (one = a pen)
□ A: Is there a bank near here?
B: Yes, there’s on e at the end o f this street, (one = a bank)
o n e and on es
on es (plural)
o n e (singular )
Which ones
do you want?
( The white ones.
W hich one? = W hich hat?
W hich ones? —W hich flowers?
o n e = h a t/c a r /g ir l etc.
160
on es = flo w ers/ca rs/g irls etc.
this o n e / that on e
□ W hich car is yours? T his on e or
that one? (= this car or that car)
th ese /th o se 01 these on es / those ones
□ W hich flowers do you want? T hese
or those? or
T h ese on es or th ose ones?
the on e ...
□ A: W hich h o tel did you stay at?
B: T h e on e opposite the station.
□ I found this key. Is it the on e you lost?
the on es ...
□ A: W hich b ook s are yours?
B: T he on es on the table.
□ I found these keys. Are they the
on es you lost?
the ... on e
□ I d o n ’t like the black coat, but I like
the brow n one.
□ D o n ’t buy that cam era. Buy the
other one.
the ... ones
□ I d o n ’t like the red shoes, but I like
the green ones.
O D o n ’t buy those apples. Buy the
oth er ones.
a /a n ... on e
□ This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean
one?
D T hat biscu it was n i c e . I’m g o i n g to
h a v e another one.
so m e ... ones
□ These cups are dirty. Can we have
so m e clean ones?
□ M y shoes are very old. I’m going
to buy som e n ew ones.
which ... ? —> Unit 47
another -» Unit 65
this/that etc. - * Unit 74
Exercises
75.1
Unit 7 5
A asks B some questions. Use the in fo rm atio n in th e box to w rite B's answers. Use one
(n o t a /a n ...) in the answers.
B doesn’t need a car
there’s a chemist in Mill R oad
B hasn’t got a pen
1
2
3
4
5
6
75 .2
a
:
A:
A:
A:
A:
A:
Can you lend m e a pen?
Would you like to have a car?
Have you got a bike?
Can you lend m e an umbrella?
W ould you like a cup o f coffee?
Is there a chemist near here?
B:
B:
B:
B:
B:
B:
I’m sorry
^ haven t Qob one
No, I don’t ......................................................................
No, b u t .............................................................................
I’m sorry, hut ...................................................................
No, thank you................................................................
Y es,.....................................................................................
C om plete the sentences. Use a /an ... one. Use the words in
b etter
1
2
3
4
5
6
75 .3
B has just had a cup o f coffee
B is going to get a bike
B hasn’t got an umbrella
b ig
c l ean
different
n ew
the list.
old
This cup is dirty. C an I h a v e & clear. one......................................................................................... ?
I’m going to sell my car and b u y ........................................................................................................... .
T h at’s not a very good photograph, but this i s ......................................................................................
1 w ant today's newspaper. I bis i s ..............................................................................................................
This box is too small. I n e e d .....................................................................................................................
W hy do we always go to the same restaurant? L et’s go t o ................................................................
A is ta lk in g to B. Use the in fo rm atio n to com plete the conversations. Use one/ones.
1 A stayed at a hotel. It was opposite the station.
A: We stayed at a hotel.
B- Which one
?
A- The one opposite th e station.
6 A is looking at a picture. I t ’s on the wall.
A: T h at’s an interesting picture.
2 A sees som e shoes in a shop window. T h e y ’re
7 A sees a girl in a group o f people. S h e ’s tall
I like those shoes.
W h ic h ........................................................ ?
T h e ................................................................
B:
A:
?
A: .............................................................................................
w ith long hair.
green.
A:
B: .........................................................................................
3 A is looking at a house. It has a red door.
A: T h at’s a nice house.
?
: ..................... w i t h ........................................
A:
b
D o you know that girl?
: .........................................................................................
?
A: .............................................................................................
8 A is looking at som e flow ers in the garden.
T h e y ’re yellow.
Those flowers are beautiful.
B: ........................................................................................
A:
A
B: ......................................................................................... ?
A: ................................................................................1
4 A is looking a t som e C D s. T h e y ’re on the top
a m oustache a n d glasses.
shelf.
A:
9 A is looking a t a m an in a restaurant. H e has
Are those your CDs?
A:
W h o ’s that man?
B: ......................................................................................... ?
B: ........................................................................................ ?
A-
A: .............................................................................................
........................
5 A is looking at a ja c k e t in a shop. I t ’s black.
A: D o you like that jacket?
10 4 took som e photos at the p a rty last w eek.
A: Did I show you my photos?
: .........................................................................................?
B: .........................................................................................?
b
A-
A:
...........
....................................................
.........................................................................
some and any
so m e
I ve gob some
money.
Use so m e in positive sentences:
□ I’m going to buy so m e clothes
□ T h ere’s so m e ice in the fridge.
□ We made so m e mistakes.
Use any in negative sentences:
□ I’m n o t going to buy any clothes.
□ There Isn’t any milk in the fridge.
□ We d id n ’t make any mistakes.
any and so m e in questions
In m ost questions (but not all) we use any (no t som e):
□ Is there any ice in the fridge?
□ Has he got any friends?
□ D o you need any help?
We norm ally use so m e (n o t any) w hen we offer things
(Would you like ... ?):
□ A: W ould you l ik e so m e coffee?
B: Yes, please.
or w hen we a sk f o r things (Can I have ... ? etc.):
□ A: C an I have som e soup, please?
B: Yes. Help yourself.
□ A: C an you lend me so m e money?
B: Sure. H ow m uch do you need?
so m e and any w ithout a noun
□
□
□
□
□
I didn’t take any photographs, but Jane took som e. (= some photographs)
You can have some coffee, but I don’t want any. (= any coffee)
I’ve ju st made some coffee. Would you like som e? (= some coffee)
‘W here’s your luggage?’
‘I haven’t got any.’ (= any luggage)
‘Are there any biscuits?’
‘Yes, there are so m e in the kitchen.’ (= some b iscu its)
so m e th in g / so m e b o d y (or som eon e)
□ She said som eth in g.
□ I saw so m e b o d y (or som eon e).
□ W ould you like so m eth in g to eat?
□ S o m e b o d y ’s at the door.
a and some -» Unit 6B
anything / an ybod y (or anyone)
□ She d id n ’t say anything.
□ I d id n ’t see an ybod y (or anyone).
□ Are you doing anything tonight?
□ W here’s Sue? Has anybod y seen her?
somebody/anything etc. -» Unit 79
Exercises
76.1
W rite some or any.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
7 6 .2
Unit 7 6
I b o u g h t 5CmK cheese, but I didn’t b u y
bread.
I’m going to the post office. I n e e d ............. stamps.
T here aren’t ............ shops in this part o f town.
Gary and Alice haven’t g o t
children.
Have you g o t ............ brothers or sisters?
T here a r e ............. beautiful flowers in the garden.
D o you k n o w
good hotels in London?
‘W ould you lik e
tea?’
‘Yes, please.’
W h en we were on holiday, we v isite d
very interesting places.
D o n ’t b u y
rice. We d o n ’t n e e d ..............
I w ent out to b u y
oranges, but they didn’t h a v e
in the shop.
I’m thirsty. Can I h a v e
water, please?
C om plete the sentences. Use some or any + the words in th e box.
air
batteries
cheese
friends
help
languages
milk
photographs
questions
shampoo
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I w ant to wash my hair. Is th e r e av'H shampoo
?
T he police want to talk to you. They want to ask y o u ...................................................................
I haven’t got my camera, so I can’t ta k e ..........................................................................
D o you sp ea k ...........................fo re ig n ............................................. ?
Yesterday evening I w ent to a restaurant w i t h ....................................................................... o f mine.
Can I h a v e ......................................................................... in my coffee, please?
T he radio isn’t working. T here aren’t ....................................................................... in it.
It’s h o t in this office. I’m going out f o r
fresh ...........................................
A: Would you lik e ......................................................................... ?
B: N o, thank you. I’ve had enough to eat.
10 I can do this jo b alone. I d o n ’t n e e d ..........................................................................
7 6 .3
C om plete the sentences. Use some or any.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7 6 .4
Jane didn’t take any photographs, b u t I took sem e
(I/take)
‘W h ere’s your luggage?’
‘ I h&ven t JCt art).......’ (I/not/have)
‘D o you need any m oney?’ ‘No, thank you....................................................................’ (I/have)
‘C an you lend me some m oney?’
‘I’m sorry, b u t .................................................. ’ (I/not/have)
T he tomatoes in the shop didn’t look very good, s o ................................................... (I/n o t/b u y )
T here were some nice oranges in the shop, s o ............................................................. (I/buy)
‘H ow many phone calls did you make yesterday?’
‘...............................................’ (I/not/m ake)
W rite som ething/som ebody or anything /an yb o d y.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A w om an stopped me and said .... sorretHuog.... ; but I didn’t understand
‘W h a t’s wrong?’
‘T here’s .... .............................. in my eye.’
D o you k n o w ...................................about politics?
I w ent to the shop, but I didn’t b u y ......................................
................................... has broken the window. I d o n ’t know who.
T here isn’t ................................... in the bag. It’s empty.
I’m looking for my keys. Has ................................... seen them?
Would you lik e ........................... .......to drink?
I d idn’t e a t ................................... because I wasn’t hungry.
This is a secret. Please don’t t e l l ......................................
163
Unit
77
not + any
no
none
T he car park is empty.
There aren’t any cars
T here are n o cars
in the car park.
H ow many cars are there in the car park?
N one.
n o t (-n ’t) + any
□ T here aren’t a n y cars in the car park.
□ Tracey and Jeff haven’t got any children.
□ You can have some coffee, but I d o n ’t want any.
n o + noun (no cars / n o garden etc.)
n o ... = n o t any or n o t a
□ There are n o cars in the car park. (= there aren’t any cars)
□ W e’ve got n o coffee. (= we haven’t got any coffee)
□ It’s a nice house, but there’s no garden. (= there isn’t a garden)
We use n o ... especially after have (got) and there is/are.
negative verb + any = positive verb + no
□ They h aven ’t got any children, or T hey’ve got no children.
(uofThey haven’t got no children)
□ T here isn ’t any sugar in your coffee, or T here’s no sugar in your coffee.
n o and n o n e
Use n o + n o u n (no m o n ey / n o children etc.):
□ W e’ve got no m on ey.
□ Everything was OK. There were n o problem s.
Use n o n e alone (w ith o u t a noun):
□ ‘H o w m uch m oney have you got?’
‘N on e.’ {— no money)
□ ‘Were there any problems?’
‘No, n one.’ (= no problems)
n o n e and n o -o n e
n o n e = 0 (zero)
n o -o n e = n ob od y
N o n e is an answer for H o w much? / H o w many? (things or people):
□ ‘H o w m u ch m oney have you got?’ ‘N on e.’ (= no money)
□ ‘H o w m an y people did you m eet?’ ‘N on e.’ (= no people)
N o -o n e is an answer for Who?:
□ ‘W h o did you m eet?’ ‘N o -o n e .’ or ‘N o b o d y .’
164
negatives -» Unit 43
some and any -» Unit 76
anybody/nobody/nothing etc. -» Units 78-79
Exercises
77.1
Unit 77
W rite these sentences again w ith no.
1
2
3
4
We haven’t got any money.
We
q o i no m cw ij............................
T here aren’t any shops near here. T here a r e ....................................................
Carla hasn’t got any free time.
........................................................................
There isn’t a light in this room .................................................................................
W rite these sentences again w ith any.
5 W e’ve got no money.
We hAven t apt any rnov.ey. ...........
6 T h ere’s no milk in the fridge.
.......................................................................
7 T here are no buses today.
........................................................................
8 Tom has got no brothers or sisters...........................................................................
7 7 .2
W rite no o r any.
1
2
3
4
5
6
T h ere’s P.P.
sugar in your coffee.
M y brother is married, but he hasn’t g o t ...........children.
Sue doesn’t sp ea k .......... foreign languages.
I’m afraid there’s ........... coffee. W ould you like some tea?
‘Look at those birds!’ ‘Birds? W here? I can’t s e e .......... birds.’
‘D o you know where Jessica is?’
‘N o, I’ve g o t
idea.’
W rite no, any or none.
7
8
9
10
11
12
7 7 .3
C om plete the sentences. Use any or no + the words in the
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
7 7 .4
T here aren’t ................. pictures on the wall.
T h e weather was cold, but there w a s ..............wind.
I wanted to buy some oranges, but they didn’t h a v e
in the shop.
Everything was correct. T here w e r e .................. mistakes.
‘H ow much luggage have you got?’
‘.....................’
‘H ow much luggage have you got?’
‘I haven’t g o t ....................’
an sw er
d iffe re n c e
frie n d s
f u rn itu re
m oney
p ro b le m s
q u e s tio n s
queue
box.
h e a tin g
Everything was OK. T here w e r e PP. problems........
Jack and Emily would like to go on holiday, but they've g o t ............................................................
I’m not going to an sw er..............................................................
H e ’s always alone. H e’s g o t ..............................................................
T here i s
between these two machines. T hey’re exactly the same.
T here wasn’t ............................................................. in the room. It was completely empty.
I tried to phone you yesterday, but there w a s ..............................................................
T he house is cold because there isn’t ..............................................................
T here w a s ............................................................ outside the cinema, so we didn’t have to wait to
get our tickets.
W rite short answers (one or tw o words) to these questions. Use none where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
many
many
m uch
many
many
letters did you w rite yesterday?
sisters have you got?
coffee did you drink yesterday?
photographs have you taken today?
legs has a snake got?
Two...... or
A...Lot,
or
Nope.
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
165
not + anybody/anyone/anything
nobody/no-one/nothing
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e
n o b o d y / n o -o n e
(for people)
□ T here isn ’t f
I anyone
n o t + anything
n o th in g
} m the room.
J
□ T here is { n ° b ° d y 1 jn t}le room
I n o -o n e )
□
a
:
B:
W h o is i n t h e r o o m ?
N o b o d y . / N o -o n e .
-b o d y a n d -o n e are
anybody = anyone
□ There isn ’t an yth in g in the bag.
□ T here is n o th in g in the bag.
□ A:
B:
W hat’s in
N oth in g.
th e bag?
th e sam e:
n ob od y = n o-on e
n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e
□ I d o n ’t know anybody (or anyone)
here.
n o b o d y = n o t + anybody
n o -o n e = n o t + anyone
□ I’m lonely. I’ve got n o b o d y to talk to.
(= I haven’t got anybody)
□ T h e house is empty. There is n o -o n e
in it. (= There isn’t anyone in it.)
n o t + anything
□ I can’t rem em ber anything.
n o th in g = n ot + an yth in g
□ She said n oth in g.
(= She didn’t say anything.)
□ T here’s n o th in g to eat.
(= There isn’t an yth in g to eat.)
You can use n o b o d y /n o -o n e /n o th in g at the beginning o f a sentence or alone (to answer a
question):
□ T he house is empty. N o b o d y lives
there. (not Anybody lives there)
□ ‘W h o did you speak to?’
‘N o -o n e .’
R em em ber:
□ N o th in g happened.
(:not Anything happened)
□ ‘W hat did you say?’
‘N o th in g .’
negative verb + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e/a n y th in g
positive verb + n o b o d y /n o -o n e /n o th in g
□ H e doesn’t know an y th in g . (n o t H e doesn’t know nothing)
□ D o n ’t tell anybody. (n o t D o n ’t tell nobody)
Q There is n o th in g to do in this town, (wot T here isn’t nothing)
some and any -» Unit 7G
any and no -» Unit 77
somebody/anything/nowhere etc. -» Unit 79
Exercises
78.1
W rite these sentences again w ith n o b o d y /n o -o n e or noth in g .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8 .2
T here isn’t anything in the hag.
T here isn’t anybody in the office.
I haven’t got anything to do.
There isn’t anything on TV.
T here wasn’t anyone at home.
We didn’t rind anything.
There 5 nothing in the. bog........
T here’s ...................................................
I ................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
W rite these sentences again w ith anybody/anyone or anything.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8 .3
Unit 7 8
T h ere’s nothingfc> in the bag............... .... There, i s n t eoujlhmt) in the bog.
T here was nobody on the bus.
There wasn’t
I’ve got nothing to read.................... .........................
I’ve got no-one to help me.......................................
She heard nothing.............................. .........................
W e’ve got nothing for dinner.
.........................
Answer these questions w ith n o b o d y /n o -o n e or nothing.
la
2a
3a
4a
W hat did you say?
Nothing
W h o saw you?
Npbody,
W h at do you want? .......................................
W ho did you meet? .......................................
5a
6a
7a
8a
W ho knows the answer?
W hat did you b u y ? .........
W hat happened?..............
W ho was la te ? .................
Now answer the same questions w ith fu ll sentences.
Use n o b o d y /n o -o n e /n o th in g or a n yb o d y/an yo n e/an yth in g :
IP
2b
3b
4b
5b
6b
7b
8b
7 8 .4
1 d id n 't say anything ........................................................................
Nobodhj saw me...................................................................................................
I d o n ’t ............................................................................................................................................................
I ......................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... the answer.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
C om plete the sentences. Use:
nobody / n o -o n e / n o th in g
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
or
anybody / anyone / anything
T h at house is empty.
Ncbody hves there.
Jack has a bad memory. H e can’t re m e m b e r anything........
Be quiet! D o n ’t s a y ......................................
I d id n ’t know about the m eeting....................................... told me.
‘W hat did you have to eat?’ ‘...................................... I wasn’t hungry.’
I didn’t e a t ...................................... I wasn’t hungry.
H elen was sitting alone. She wasn’t w i t h ......................................
I’m afraid I can’t help you. T here’s ................................... I can do.
I d o n ’t k n o w ..................................... about car engines.
T he m useum is free. It doesn’t c o s t................................... to go in.
1 heard a knock on the door, but w hen I opened it, there w a s .................................... there.
T h e hotel receptionist spoke very fast. I didn’t u n d ersta n d ......................................
W h a t are you doing tonight?’
‘...................................... W hy?’
H elen has gone away.
knows w here she is. She didn’t tell
..................................... where she was going.
167
somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
?
^
•
?•
so m e b o d y /so m e o n e
= a person, but we
d o n ’t know w ho
She has got so m eth in g in
her m outh.
so m eth in g — a thing,
but we don’t know what
m
LONDON
?•
S o m eb o d y (or S om eon e)
has broken the window.
?
->
?
?•
?•
Tom lives som ew h ere near
London.
so m ew h ere = in /to
a place, but we d o n ’t
know where
people (-b o d y or -on e)
so m e b o d y or so m e o n e
. ,
a n yb od y or anyone
n o b o d y or n o -o n e
□
□
□
□
There is so m eb o d y (or som eon e) at the door.
Is there an ybod y (or anyone) at the door?
. .
, . , '
,
,
,
There isn t an ybod y (or anyone) at the door.
There is n o b o d y (or n o -o n e) at the door,
-b o d y and -o n e are the same: so m eb o d y = so m eo n e, n o b o d y = n o -o n e etc.
things (-thing)
so m e th in g
an yth in g
n o th in g
□
□
□
□
Lucy said som eth in g, but I didn’t understand w hat she said.
Are you doing a n y th in g at the weekend?
I was angry, but I didn’t say anything .
‘W hat did you say?’
‘N o th in g .’
□
□
O
□
R u th ’s parents live som ew h ere in the south o f England.
Did you go anyw h ere interesting for your holidays?
I’nt staying here. I’m n o t going anyw here.
I don’t like this town. There is n o w h ere to go.
places (-w here)
so m ew h ere
anyw here
n ow here
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y etc. + adjective (b ig /c h e a p /in te re s tin g etc.)
□ D id you m eet an y b o d y in terestin g at the party?
□ We always go to the same place. Let’s go som ew here d ifferent.
□ ‘W h a t’s that letter?’
‘It’s n o th in g im p o rta n t.’
s o m e th in g /a n y b o d y etc. + to ...
□ I’m hungry. I want s o m eth in g to eat. (= som ething that I can eat)
□ Tony hasn’t got a n y b o dy to ta lk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)
□ T here is n ow h ere to go in this town. (= nowhere where people can go)
some and any - » U n it 7 6
any and no - » Unit 7 7
everything/-body/-w here - » Unit 80
anybody/nothing etc. - » U n it 78
Exercises
79.1
W rite somebody (or som eone) / som ething / som ewhere.
Y
7 9 .2
Unit 7 9
JY .
Lucy said
I’ve lost
Sue arid Torn went
I’m going to phone
y l_
Y w h a t did she say?
W hat have you lost?
W here did they go?
W ho are you going to phone?
..sprnethmg
W rite nobody (or n o -o n e ) / nothing / now here.
Y
la
2a
3a
4a
.
.___ fL
W hat did you say?
W here are you going?
W hat do you want?
W h o are you looking for?
Now answer th e same questions w ith fu ll sentences.
Use n o t + anyb o d y/an yth in g /an yw h ere.
II,
7 9 .3
I dLtTn’f soy Anything.......................................
3b......................
2b I’m n o t ....................................................................
4b.... ...............
W rite s o m eb o dy/an yth in g /n o w here etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
7 9 .4
It’s dark. I can’t s e e Anything.......
Tom liv es sprnewhere . near London.
D o you k n o w ..................................................about computers?
‘Listen!’
‘W hat? I can’t h e a r ................................................ ’
‘W hat are you doing here?’
‘I’m waiting f o r .................................................. ’
We need to talk. T here’s
I want to tell you.
‘Did ............................................... seethe accident?’......‘N o ,.........................................
We w eren’t hungry, so we didn’t e a t ..................................................
‘W h at’s going to happen?’
‘I d o n ’t know. ..................................................knows.’
‘D o you k n o w
in Paris?’
‘Yes, a few people.’
‘W h a t’s in that cupboard?’ ‘..................................................... It’s empty.’
I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find th e m ..................................................
I d o n ’t like cold weather. I want to liv e ..................................................warm.
Is th e r e ................................................. interesting on television tonight?
Have you ever m e t ..................................................famous?
C om plete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
som ething
som ething
somewhere
1
2
3
4
5
6
anything
anywhere
nothing
nowhere
nowhere
do
drink
eat
-g0-
park
read
sit
stay
We d o n ’t go out very m uch because there’s
noiypere to go......
T here isn’t any food in the house. We haven’t g o t ...........................................................................
I’m bored. I’ve g o t ...........................................................................
‘W hy are you standing?’
‘Because there isn’t ...........................................................................’
‘W ould you l ik e
?’
‘Yes, please —a glass o f water.’
If you’re going to the city centre, take the bus. D o n ’t drive because there’s
7 1 w a n t ........................................................................... I’m going to buy a magazine.
8 I n e e d ........................................................................ in London. Can you recom m end a hotel?
every and all
every
E very h ou se in the street is the same.
every h ou se in the street =
all the houses in the street
We use every + singular n o u n (every h ou se / every cou n try etc.):
□ Sarah has been to every cou n try in Europe.
□ E very su m m er we have a holiday by the sea.
□ She looks different every tim e I see her.
Use a singular verb after every ... :
□ E very h o u se in the street is the same. (not are the same)
□ E very co u n try has a national flag. (n o t have)
C om pare every and all:
□ E very stu d en t in the class passed the
exam.
□ E very cou n try has a national flag.
□ All the students in the class passed the
exam.
□ All cou n tries have a national flag.
every day and all day
every day = on all days:
all day = the complete day:
h o w often?
hoiv long?
b e g in n in g
en d o f
o f th e d a y
th e d ay
a l l
EVERY
d a y
---------------
DAY
□ It rained every day last week.
□ Bill watches TV for about two hours
every evening. (= on all evenings)
also every m o r n in g /n ig h t/su m m e r etc.
□ It rained all day yesterday.
□ O n Monday, I watched TV all evening
(= the complete evening)
also all m o r n in g /n ig h t/su m m e r etc.
everyb ody (or everyone) / everyth ing / everyw here
everyb ody or everyone
(people)
everyth ing
(things)
everyw here
(places)
□ E veryb od y (or E veryone) needs friends.
(= all people need friends)
□ Have you got everyth ing you need?
(= all the things you need)
O I lost my watch. I’ve looked everyw here for it.
(= I’ve looked in all places)
Use a singular verb after everyb od y/everyon e/everyth in g:
□ E veryb od y has problems, (not Everybody have)
Exercises
80.1
Unit 8 0
C o m p lete th e sen ten c es. Use every + th e s e w ords:
d ay
ro o m
s tu d e n t
tim e
w o rd
1
tvcrij s tu d e n t
the class passed the exam.
2 M y jo b is very boring...................................................... is the same.
3 Kate is a very good tennis player. W hen we play, she w in s ..................................................
4.................................................. inthe hotel has satellite I V.
5 ‘D id you understand w hat she said?’
‘Most o f it, but n o t ...................................................'
80.2
C o m p lete th e s e n te n c e s w ith every day or all day.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
80 .3
Yesterday it ra in e d <dt d a y ......
I buy a new spaper................... , but sometimes
I
don’t read it.
I’m not going out tomorrow. I’ll be at h o m e .......................................
I usually drink about four cups o f c o ffee .......................................
Paula was ill yesterday, so she stayed in b e d .......................................
I’m tired now because I’ve been working h a r d .......................................
Last year we w ent to the seaside for a week, and it ra in e d ......................................
W rite every or all.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bill watches TV for about two h o u rs c y m j
evening.
Julia gets up at 6 .3 0 ... morning.
T he weather was nice yesterday, so we sat o u tsid e ................... afternoon.
I’m going away on Monday. I’ll be aw ay ................... week.
‘H ow often do you go skiing?’
‘................... year. Usually in March.’
A: Were you at hom e at 10 o ’clock yesterday?
B: Yes, I was at h o m e ..................m orning. Iw ent out after lunch.
7 M y sister loves new cars.She buys o n e ..................... year.
8 I saw Sam at the party, but he didn’t speak to m e ..................evening.
9 We go away on holiday for two or three w e e k s................... summer.
8 0 .4
W rite ev ery b o d y /ev ery th in g /ev e ry w h ere.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8 0 .5
Everybody needs friends.
Chris k n o w s
about computers.
I like the people here.....................................................is very friendly.
This is a nice hotel. It’s comfortable a n d ................................................is very clean.
Kevin never uses his car. H e g o e s ..................................................by motorcycle.
Let’s get som ething to eat
is hungry.
Sue’s house is full o f books. There are b o o k s ..................................................
You are right..................................................... you say is true.
C o m p lete th e sen te n c e s. Use o n e word only each tim e.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
E v ery b o d y ha.5 problems.
Are you ready yet? E v ery b o d y .............................. waiting for you.
T he house is empty. E v ery o n e.............................. gone out.
Gary is very popular. E v ery b o d y .............................. him.
This tow n is completely different now. E v ery th in g .............................. changed.
I got hom e very late last night. I came in quietly because ev ery o n e................................ asleep.
E v e ry b o d y ................................mistakes!
A: ............................... everything clear?
everybody know w hat to do?
B: Yes, we all understand.
171
all
most
some
any
no/none
Compare:
c h ild r e n /m o n e y /b o o k s etc. (in general):
□ C hildren like playing.
(= children in general)
□ M o n ey isn’t everything.
(= m oney in general)
□ I enjoy reading books.
□ Everybody needs friends.
the children / the m oney / these books etc :
□ W here are the children?
(= our children)
□ I want to buy a car, but I haven’t got
the m o n ey . (= the m oney for a car)
□ Have you read these books?
□ I often go out w ith m y friends.
m o st / m o st o f ... , so m e / so m e o f ... etc.
m o st
so m e
m o s t/s o m e etc. — noun
any
m o st o f/s o m e o f etc. + th e /th is /m y ... etc.
all
m o st
so m e
any
none
cities
children
b ooks
m o n ey
(of)
of
the . . .
th is/th a t ...
th e se /th o se ...
m y /y o u r . .. etc.
□ M ost o f the children at this
sch o o l are under 11 years old.
□ I d o n ’t want any o f this m on ey.
□ S o m e o f these b o o k s are very old.
□ N o n e o f m y friends live near me.
□ M ost children like playing.
(= children in general)
□ I d o n ’t w ant any m on ey.
□ S o m e b ook s are better than others.
□ H e ’s got n o friends.
□ A ll cities have the same problems.
(= cities in general)
You can say all the ... or all o f the ...
(with or w ithout of):
□ All the students in ou r class passed
the exam, (or All o f the students ...)
□ Silvia has lived in L ondon all her life.
(or ... all o f her life.)
D o not use o f in these sentences:
□ M ost p eo p le drive too fast.
(not M ost o f people)
□ S o m e birds can’t fly.
(not Some o f birds)
all o f it / m o s t o f th em / n on e o f us etc.
all
m o st
so m e
any
none
of
it
th em
us
you
□ You can have so m e o f this cake, but not all o f it.
□ A: Do you know those people?
B: M ost o f th em , but not all o f them .
□ S o m e o f us are going out tonight. W hy don’t you com e w ith us?
□ I’ve got a lot o f books, but I haven’t read any o f them .
□ ‘H ow many o f these books have you read?’
‘N o n e o f th em .’
the ... (children / th e children etc.) -» Unit 72
all and every —> U n it 80
some and any - * Unit 7 6
no/none/any - » Unit 77
Exercises
81.1
Unit 81
C om plete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (som e/m ost etc.). Som etim es you
need o f (some o f / m ost o f etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
8 1 .2
M ost
children like playing, (m ost)
Soroe.Pf
this m oney is yours, (som e)
............................. people never stop talking, (som e)
............................. the shops in the city centre close at 6.30. (m ost)
You can change your money i n ............................... banks, (m ost)
I d on’t l ik e ............................... the pictures in the living room, (any)
H e ’s lo s t............................... his money, (all)
............................. my friends are married, (none)
D o you k n o w .............................. the people in this photograph? (any)
............................. birds can fly. (m ost)
I en jo y ed .............................. the film, but 1 didn’t like the ending, (most)
............................. sports are very dangerous, (som e)
We can’t find anywhere to stay. .............................. the hotels are full, (all)
You must h a v e .............................. this cheese. It’s delicious, (som e)
T he weather was bad w hen we were on holiday. It ra in e d ........................
the time,
Look a t the pictures and answer the questions. Use:
a ll/m o s t/so m e /n o n e
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 1 .3
(m ost)
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
H ow
many
many
many
many
many
m uch
o f the
o f the
o f the
o f the
o f the
oi the
+
o f th e m / o f it
people are women?
....(W?5*'
th&rn . .......................
boxes are on the table? ............................................................
m en are wearing hats? ............................................................
windows are open?
............................................................
people are standing?
............................................................
m oney is B en’s?...........................................................................
Are these sentences OK? Correct th e sentences th a t are wrong.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Most o f children like playing...................................................... .....Most chilor&n
All the students failed the exam................................................. .... QK.....................
Some o f people work too hard.................................................. ...............................
Some o f questions in the exam were very easy...................... ...............................
I haven’t seen any o f those people before...............................................................
All o f insects have six legs...........................................................................................
Have you read all these books?...................................................................................
M ost o f students in our class are very nice..............................................................
M ost o f my friends are going to the party...............................................................
I’m very tired this m orning —I was awake most o f night...................................
173
Unit
82
both
A
either
neither
We use b o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r to talk about two things or people:
P
or
*
b oth
7
•
either
□ R ebecca has two children. B o th are married, (both = the two children)
□ W ould you like tea or coffee? You can have either, (either = tea or coffee)
□ A: D o you want to go to the cinema or the theatre?
B: N eith er. I want to stay at home, (neither = not the cinema or the theatre)
Com pare eith er and neither:
□ W o u ld you like tea or coffee?’
B
‘Either. I d o n ’t mind.’ (= tea or coffee)
‘I d o n ’t want either.’ (not I d o n ’t want neither)
‘N either.’ (— not tea or coffee)
b o th /e ith e r /n e ith e r + noun
b oth
either
neither
+ plural
b oth
+ singular
either
neither
w in d o w s/b o o k s/c h ild ren etc.
w in d o w /b o o k /c h ild etc.
□ Last year I w ent to Paris and R om e. I liked b o th cities very much.
□ First I worked in an office, and later in a shop. N eith er jo b was very interesting.
□ T here arc two ways from here to the station. You can go either way.
b o th o f . . . / either o f . . . / neither o f . .
b o th
either
neither
(of)
th e ...
of
th ese /th o se ...
m y /y o u r /P a u l’s ... etc.
I like, both of
those pictures
□ N eith er o f m y parents is British.
□ I h aven ’t read either o f these books.
You can say b o th o f th e /th o s e /m y ... or
b oth th e /th o s e /m y ... (with or w ithout o f):
□ I like b o th o f those pictures, or I like b o th those pictures.
□ B o th o f Paul’s sisters are married, or B o th Paul’s sisters are m arried.
but
N eith er o f Paul’s sisters is married. (no t N either Paul’s sisters)
D
b oth o f th em / neither o f us
b oth
either
neither
of
th em
us
you
□ Paul has got two sisters. B o th o f th em are married.
□ Sue and I didn’t eat anything. N eith er o f us was hungry.
□ W ho are those two people? I d o n ’t know either o f them .
174
I can't either / neither can I -» Unit 42
Exercises
W rite b o th /e ith e r/n e ith e r. Use o f where necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
8 2 .2
Last year I went
to Paris and R om e.
I lik e d
cities very much.
T here were two
pictures on the wall.
I didn’t lik e either
o f
them.
It was a good football m atch
teams played well.
It wasn’t a good football m atch.................................. team played well.
‘Is your friend English or Am erican?’
‘ . She’s Australian.’
We w ent away for two days, but the weather wasn’t good. It ra in e d ............................... days.
A: I bought two newspapers. W hich one do you want?
15: ................................ It doesn’t m atter w hich one.
I invited Donna
and Mike to the party, b u t them came.
‘D o you go to work by car or by bus?’
‘................................ I always walk.’
‘W hich jacket do you prefer, this one or that one?’
‘I d o n ’t lik e ............................. them .’
‘D o you work or are you a student?’
‘................................ I work and I’m a student too.’
Paula and I didn’t know the time b ecau se............................. us had a watch.
H elen has got two sisters and a brother.................................. sisters are married.
H elen has got two sisters and a brother. I’ve m et her brother, but I haven’t m et
............................. her sisters.
.
82.1
Unit 8 2
C om plete the sentences fo r th e pictures. Use B oth ... and N e it h e r ... .
1
Both cupf> a r e ......................................... empty. 4
2
are open. 5
3 ............................................................ wearing a hat. 6
8 2 .3
beards.
to the airport.
right.
A man and a wom an answered some questions. Their answers were the same. W rite
sentences w ith B o th /N e ith e r o f th e m ... .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Are you married?
H ow old are you?
Are you a student?
Have you got a car?
W here do you live?
D o you hke cooking?
Can you play the
piano?
8 D o you read
newspapers?
9 Are you interested in
sport?
175
Unit
83
a lo t
a lo t o f m o n e y
much
many
n o t m u ch m o n ey
We use m u ch + uncountable, noun
(m uch fo o d / m u ch m o n ey etc.):
□ D id you buy m u ch food?
□ We haven’t got m u ch luggage.
□ H o w m u ch m o n ey do you want?
□ A: Have you got any m oney?
B: I’ve got some, but n o t m uch.
We use a lo t o f + both types o f noun:
□ We bought a lo t o f food .
□ Paula hasn’t got a lo t o f free tim e.
We say:
□ T here is a lot o f fo o d /m o n e y /
w ater ... (singular verb)
B
a lo t o f b ook s
n o t m an y b ooks
We use m an y + plural noun
(m any b ook s / m an y p eo p le etc.):
□ D id you buy m an y books?
□ We don’t know m an y p eop le.
□ H ow m an y p h otos did you take?
□ A: D id you take any photos?
B: I took some, but n o t m any.
□ We bought a lo t o f b ooks.
D D id t h e y a sk a lo t o f questions?
□ T here are a lot o f tr ees/sh o p s/
p eop le ... (plural verb)
□ A lot o f p eo p le speak English.
(not speaks)
We use m u c h in questions and negative sentences:
□ D o you drink m u ch coffee?
□ I d o n ’t drink m u ch coffee.
But we do not often use m u ch in positive sentences:
□ I drink a lo t o f coffee. (not I drink m uch coffee)
□ ‘D o you drink much coffee?’
‘Yes, a lot.’ (n o t Yes, much)
We use m an y and a lo t o f in all types o f sentences (positive/negative/question):
□ W e’ve got m an y friends / a lo t o f friends.
O We haven’t got m any friends / a lo t o f friends.
□ Have you got m an y friends / a lo t o f friends?
C
You can use m u ch and a lo t w ithout a noun:
O
□
□
□
176
D onna spoke to me, but she didn’t say m uch.
‘D o you watch T V m uch?’ ‘No, n o t m u ch .’ (= not often)
We like films, so we go to the cinema a lot. (not go to the cinema much)
I d on’t like him very m uch.
countable/uncountable -» Units 67-68
Exercises
83.1
Unit 8 3
W rite much or many.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D id you b u y
... food?
T here aren’t ................... hotels in this town.
We haven’t g o t ..................petrol. We need to stop and get some.
Were th e re ................... people on the train?
D i d ................... students fail the exam?
Paula hasn’t g o t ................. money.
I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t e a t ....................
I do n ’t know where Gary lives these days. I haven’t seen him f o r ................... years.
W rite How much or H ow many.
9
1.0
11
12
8 3 .2
..................................................... people are com ing to the party?
..................................................... milk do you want in your coffee?
..................................................... bread did you buy?
..................................................... players are there in a football team?
C om plete the sentences. Use much or m any w ith these words:
b ook s
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 3 .3
lu ggage
p eo p le
tim e
tim es
I d o n ’t read very m uch. I haven’t g o t tnapy bcoks.......
Murry up! We haven’t g o t ......................................................................................
D o you travel a lot? Have you been t o ................................................................................... ?
Tina hasn’t lived here very long, so she doesn’t k n o w ...............................................................
‘Have you g o t ........................................................................
?’
‘No, only this bag.’
I know Tokyo well. I’ve been th e r e ......................................................................................
C om plete the sentences. Use a lo t o f + these words:
accid en ts
1
2
3
4
5
8 3 .4
cou n tries
-books-
fun
interesting things
traffic
I like reading. I h a v e A le t 0-f bC0k$ .........................................................................................
We enjoyed our visit to the museum. We s a w ............................................................................
This road is very dangerous. There a r e .........................................................................................
We enjoyed our holiday. We h a d ....................................................................................................
It took me a long time to drive here. There w a s .......................................................................
In some o f these sentences m uch is not n atural. Change th e sentences or w rite OK.
OK
fl. lot n-f tea
It was a cold winter. We had m uch snow................ ..............................
There wasn’t much snow last winter.
..............................
It costs much m oney to travel around the w orld........................................................
We had a cheap holiday. It didn’t cost m uch.
.....................................................
D o you know m uch about computers?
.....................................................
‘Have you got any luggage?’
‘Yes, m uch.’
.....................................................
I D o you drink m uch coffee?
2 I drink m uch tea.
3
4
5
6
7
8
8 3 .5
W rite sentences abo u t these people. Use m uch and a lot.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jim loves films, (go to the cinema)
He
aoes to the ciruMr.d a. Let.
N icole thinks TV is boring, (watch TV)
She
doesn’t waich TV much..
T ina is a good tennis player, (play tennis)
S h e .......................................................
M artin doesn’t like driving, (use his car)
H e .......................................................
Paul spends most o f the time at home, (go out) ..............................................................
Sue has been all over the world, (travel)
...............................................................
177
Unit
84
(a) little
(a) few
(a) little + uncountable noun.
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
little
little
little
little
w ater
tim e
m oney
soup
(a) few + plural noun
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
few
few
few
few
books
questions
p eop le
days
a little water
a little = some but not m uch
□ She didn’t eat anything, but she drank
a little water.
□ I speak a little Spanish.
(= some Spanish but not much)
□ A: Can you speak Spanish?
B: A little.
H little (w ith o u t a) = nearly no or nearly
a fe w = some but not many
□ Excuse me, I have to make a fe w
p h o n e calls.
□ W e’re going away for a fe w days.
□ I speak a fe w w o rd s o f Spanish.
□ A: Are there any shops near here?
B: Yes, a few .
X few (w ith o u t a) = nearly no
nothing
□ T here was little fo o d in the fridge. It
was nearly empty.
You can say v e r y little:
□ D an is very thin because he eats v ery
little . (— nearly nothing)
You can say very few:
□ Your English is very good. You make
very few m istakes.
little and a little
few and a few
A little is a p o sitive idea:
□ They have a little money, so they’re
not poor. (= they have some money)
A few is a positive idea:
□ I’ve got a few friends, so I’m not
lonely. (= I’ve got some friends)
Little (or very little) is a negative idea:
□ T hey have little money. They are very
poor. (= nearly no money)
Few (or very few) is a negative idea:
□ I’m sad and I’m lonely. I’ve got few
friends. (= nearly no friends)
I ve got cc
little money.
178
□ There were few p eo p le in the theatre.
It was nearly empty.
countable/uncountable -» Units 67-68
Exercises
84.1
Answ er the questions w ith a little or a few .
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 4 .2
‘Have you got any money?’
‘Yes, ®
’
‘Have you got any envelopes?’
‘Y es,................................ ’
‘D o you want sugar in your coffee?’
‘Yes,
, please.’
‘D id you take any photographs w hen you were on holiday?’
‘Yes,..
‘Does your friend speak English?’
‘Yes,................................ ’
‘Are there any good restaurants in this town?’
‘Yes,.............................
W rite a little or a fe w + these words:
chairs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8 4 .3
fresh a ir
friend s
m ilk
Russian
tim es
-years
C om plete the sentences. Use very little or very fe w + these words:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
hotels
-mistakes-
p eo p le
ra in
tim e
w o rk
Your English is very good. You m a k e vei -pew rmustakes........
I d r i n k ......................................................................... I d o n ’t like it.
T he weather here is very dry in summer. There i s .........................................................................
It’s difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There a r e ............................................................
H u rry up. W e’ve g o t .........................................................................
T he town is very quiet at night............................................................................. go out.
Some people in the office are very lazy. They d o .........................................................................
W rite little / a little
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 4 .5
days
M artin speaks Italian well. H e lived in Italy f o r
.......
Can I h a v e .........................................................................in my coffee, please?
‘W hen did Julia go away?’
‘.........................................................................ago.’
‘D o you speak any foreign languages?’
‘I can sp ea k ...................................................................
‘Are you going out alone?’
‘No, I’m going w ith .......................................................................
‘Have you ever been to M exico?’
‘Yes,......................................................................... ’
There wasn’t m uch furniture in the room —just a table a n d ........................................................
I’m going out for a walk. I n e e d .........................................................................
coffee
8 4 .4
Unit 8 4
or fe w / a few .
T here w a s hfctle food in the fridge. It was nearly empty.
‘W h en did Sarah go out?’
‘............................... minutes ago.’
I can’t decide now. I n e e d
time to think about it.
There w as.............................. traffic, so we arrived earlier than we expected.
T he bus service isn’t very good at night - there a r e
buses after 9 o ’clock.
‘W ould you like some soup?’
‘Yes,
, please.’
I’d like to practise my English more, but I h a v e ............................... opportunity.
R ight or wrong? Change th e sentences where necessary. W rite OK if th e sentence is
correct.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
W e’re going away foMeyv_days next week.
fOf.,.4r...'few.. d M fe . ......................
Everybody needs little luck.
.........................................................
I can’t talk to you now —I’ve got few things to do...........................................................................
I eat very little meat —I d o n ’t like it very much.
.........................................................
Excuse me, can I ask you few questions?
.........................................................
T here were little people on the bus —it was nearly empty. .........................................................
M artin is a very private person. Few people know him well...........................................................
179
Unit
85
old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)
adjective + noun (nice day / b lue eyes etc.)
adjective + noun
It’s a n ice
Laura has got brow n
T here’s a very old
D o you like Italian
I d o n ’t speak any foreign
T here are some b eautiful yellow
day today.
eyes.
bridge in this village.
food?
languages.
flowers in the garden.
T he adjective is before the noun:
□ T hey live in a m o d ern house, (not a house m odern)
□ Have you m et any fam ou s people? (not people famous)
T h e ending o f an adjective is always the same:
a different place
different places (not differents)
be (a m /is/w a s etc.) + adjective
□
□
□
O
□
□
T he weather is n ice today.
These flowers are very beautiful.
A re you cold? Shall I close the window?
I’m h u n gry. C an I have som ething to eat?
T h e film w asn ’t very good . It was b oring.
Please b e quiet. I’m reading.
lo o k /fe e l/s m e ll/ta s te /s o u n d + adjective
You sound. Happy
It smelts good.
□ ‘Yon lo o k tired.’
‘Yes, I feel tired.’
□ Gary told me about his new job. It sounds very interesting.
□ I’m not going to eat this fish. It doesn’t sm ell good .
Compare:
He
180
is
feels
lo ok s
tired.
They
are
lo o k
sound
get + adjective (get hungry/tired etc.) -» Unit 56
happy.
It
is
sm ells
tastes
good .
1
something/anybody + adjective -» Unit 79
Exercises
85.1
Put th e words in the rig h t order.
1
2
3
4
5
8 5 .2
Unit 8 5
(new / live in / house / they / a)
(like / jacket / 1 / that / green)
(music / like / do / classical / you?)
(had / wonderful / a / I / holiday;
(went to / restaurant / a / Japanese / we)
They live in a new house..................................
I ........................................................................................
D o ...................................................................................
.........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
The words in the box are adjectives (b lac k/fo re ig n etc.) or nouns (air/jo b etc.). Use an
adjective and a noun to com plete each sentence.
air
black
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
85 .3
clouds
dangerous
holiday
hot
foreign
fresh
jo b
knife
languageslong
sharp
water
D o you speak a n y
lanpuatjes
?
Look at th o s e
It’s going to rain.
Sue works very hard, and she’s very tired. She needs a .................................
I would like to have a shower, but there’s n o ...................................................
C an you open the window? We need s o m e ....................................................
I need a ........................................................................ to cut these onions.
Fire- lighting is a .........................................................................
W rite sentences fo r the pictures. Choose from the boxes.
feel(s)
look(s)
look(s)
smell(s)
^ermdjs)taste(s)
^ ( You
sound happy
^
2
•t)3SR*v
horrible
+
(it
nice
surprised
ill
new
................................>
V
......................................)
&
4 4 You.................. ..............)
^ ( They .................................................................................................)
'N
6 0 * .................................... )
f£ r J t
£
8 5 .4
‘
J
1
i
m
A and B d o n 't agree. Com plete B's sentences. Use fe e l/lo o k etc.
A
/T
T v
You look tiredTV
This is a new coat.
I’m American.
You look cold.
These bags are heavy.
T hat soup looks g o o d ly
Do y- |
V
don’t {eel tired
Is it? It doesn’t ......................
Are you? You .........................
D o I? I ...................................
Are they? T h e y .....................
Maybe, but it ..........................
(feel) \
(look)
(sound)
(feel)
(look)
(taste)
181
Unit
86
quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
H e ate his dinner very quickly.
Suddenly the shelf fell down.
Q uickly and suddenly are adverbs.
adjective + -ly —1
> adverb:
q uick
q uickly
adjective
adverb
bad
badly
Spelling (—» A ppendix 5):
sudden
suddenly
careful
carefully
heavy
heavily
etc.
heavy —> heavily
easy —> easily
Adverbs tell you h o w som ething happens or h ow somebody does something:
□
□
□
□
T he train stop p ed suddenly.
I o p en ed the door slowly.
Please listen carefully.
I understand you perfectly.
It’s raining heavily.
Compare:
adverb
adjective
□
O
□
□
hard
Sue is very quiet.
B e careful!
It was a bad gam e.
I felt nervous.
(= I was nervous)
fast
late
□
□
□
□
Sue speaks very quietly. (not speaks very quiet)
L isten carefully! {not listen careful)
O u r team played badly, {not played bad)
I w aited nervously.
early
These words are adjectives a n d adverbs:
□ Sue’s jo b is very hard.
□ Ben is a fast runner.
□ T he bus was late/early.
□ Sue w orks very hard. (no t hardly)
□ Ben can run fast.
□ I w en t to bed late/early.
g o o d (adjective) —> w ell (adverb)
□ Your English is very good .
□ It was a g o o d gam e.
□ You speak English very well. (not very good)
□ O u r team played well.
B ut w ell is also an adjective (= not ill, in good health):
□ ‘H ow are you?’
‘I’m very w ell, thank you. And you?’
182
adjectives -> Unit 85
Exercises
86.1
Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences w ith these adverbs:
an grily
badly
dangerously
fast
h ea v ily
quietly
........................................... 4 She shouted at me
It’s ra in in g
H e sings v e r y ....................................................... 5 She can run very ...
T hey came i n ...................................................... 6 H e was d riv in g ....
1
2
3
8 6 .2
Unit 8 6
C om plete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
com e
explain
know
listen
sleep
think
win
work
+
car&fullycarefully
clearly
easily
hard
quickly
well
well
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I’m going to tell you som ething very im portant, so p lease h-sten carefully......
T hey
At the end o f the day they’re always tired.
I’m tired this m orning. I didn’t ............................................................last night.
You play tennis m uch better than me. W hen we play, you alw ays...........................................
............................................................before you answer the question.
I’ve m et Alice a few times, but I don’t ............................. her v e r y .................................
O u r teacher doesn’t
things v e iy ................................ We never understand
him.
8 Helen! I need your help................................................................. !
8 6 .3
W hich is right?
1 D o n ’t eat so-quick/quickly. It’s not good for you.
(quickly is right)
2 W hy are you angry/angrily? I haven’t done anything.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
8 6 .4
Can you speak slow/slowly, please?
C om e on, Dave! W hy are you always so slow/slowly?
Bill is a very careful/carefully driver.
Jane is studying hard/hardly for her examinations.
‘W here’s Diane?’
‘She was here, but she left sudden/suddenly.’
Please be quiet/quietly. I’m studying.
Some companies pay their workers very bad/badly.
Those oranges look nice/nicely. C an I have one?
I d o n ’t rem em ber much about the accident. Everything happened quick/quickly.
W rite good or well.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Your English is v e r y Q 'o d ,
You speak it v e r y
.......
Jackie did v e r y ...................in her exams.
T h e party was v e r y ..................... I enjoyed it very much.
M artin has a difficult job, but he does i t .....................
H ow are your parents? Are th e y ................... ?
D id you have a .....................holiday? Was the w e a th e r.....................?
183
old/older
expensive / more expensive
(fm
old
older
heavy
heavier
expensive
m o re expensive
O lder / h eavier / m ore expensive are comparative forms.
T he comparative is -er (older) or m o re ... (m ore expensive).
o ld er/h ea v ier etc.
Short words (1 syllable) —> -er:
old —» older
slow —* slower
nice —*• n icer
late —» later
Spelling (—* A ppendix 5):
Words ending in
easy —> easier
□
□
□
□
□
big —» bigger
cheap —> cheaper
big —» b igger
h o t —> h o tter
thin —> thinner
-y —»-ier:
heavy —» heavier
early —►earlier
R o m e is old, but Athens is older, (tiof m ore old)
Is it ch eap er to go by car or by train? (n o t more cheap)
H elen wants a b igger car.
This coat is OK, but I think the other one is nicer.
D o n ’t take the bus. It’s easier to take a taxi, (n o t more easy)
far —i» further:
□ ‘H ow far is it to the station? A mile?’
‘No, it’s further. A bout two miles.’
m ore ...
Long words (2 /3 /4 syllables) —> m o re ... :
careful —> m o r e careful
polite —» m o re p olite
expensive —> m o re expensive
interesting —* m o re interesting
□ You m ust be m o re careful.
□ 1 don’t like my job. I want to do som ething m ore interesting.
□ Is it m ore expensive to go by car or by train?
g o o d /w e ll —* better
bad —> w orse
□ T he weather wasn’t very g o o d yesterday, but it’s better today.
□ ‘D o you feel b etter today?’
‘No, I feel w orse.’
□ W hich is w orse —a headache or a toothache?
older than ... / more expensive than .. -» Unit 88
the oldest / the most expensive —> Unit 90
Exercises
Unit 8 7
87.1
Look a t the pictures and w rite the com parative (old er / m ore interestin g etc.).
8 7 .2
W rite the com parative.
1
2
3
4
5
8 7 .3
older
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
6
7
8
9
10
good
large
serious
pretty
crowded
W rite the opposite.
1
2
3
8 7 .4
old
strong
happy
m odern
im portant
younger
old er
colder
............................................................
cheaper ............................................................
4 better ....
5 nearer ....
6 easier ....
C om plete the sentences. Use a com parative.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
H elen ’s car isn’t very big. She wants a
btgger
one.
M y jo b isn’t very interesting. I want to do so m eth in g wore. interesting
You’re not very tall. Your brother i s ..............................................................
David doesn’t work very hard. I w o r k ..............................................................
M y chair isn’t very comfortable. Yours i s ............................................................
Your idea isn’t very good. My idea i s ..............................................................
These flowers aren’t very nice. T he blue ones a r e ...........................................
My bag isn’t very heavy. Your bag i s ..............................................................
I’m not very interested in art. I’m ............................................................. in history.
It isn’t very warm today. It was ............................................................. yesterday.
These tomatoes d o n ’t taste very good. T he other ones ta ste d .....................................
Britain isn’t very big. France i s ..............................................................
London isn’t very beautiful. Paris i s ..............................................................
This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a ..............................................................one?
People today aren’t very polite. In the past they w e r e ...................................................
T he weather isn’t too bad today. O ften it is m u c h .........................................................
185
Unit
88
older than ...
more expensive than ...
I’m fcaJler ttnui you. ^
room Pe
Eutopa
She’s taller than him.
The Europa Hotel is m ore exp en sive than the Grand.
We use than after comparatives (older than ... / m o re expensive than ... etc.):
□ Athens is older than R om e.
□ Are oranges m o re expensive than bananas?
□ It’s easier to take a taxi than to take the bus.
□ ‘H o w are you today?’
‘N o t bad. B etter than yesterday.’
□ T he restaurant is m ore crow d ed than usual.
B
We usually say: than m e / than h im / than her / than us / than them .
You can say:
□ I can run faster than him . or I can run faster than h e can.
□ You are a better singer than m e. or You are a better singer than I am .
□ I got up earlier than her. or I got up earlier than she did.
m o r e /le ss than ...
□ A: H ow m uch did your shoes cost? £ 50?
B: N o, m o r e than that. (= m ore than £ 5 0 )
□ T h e film was very short —less than an hour.
□ T h ey’ve got m o re m o n e y than they need.
□ You go out m o re than me.
60 —
50-
40 —
D
LESS T H A N 50
a bit older / m u ch older etc.
Box A is a bit b igger than Box B.
a bit
m u ch
186
M O R E T H A N 50
bigger
older
better
m ore difficult
m ore expensive
old -» older, expensive
—*
than ...
Box C is m u ch b igger than Box D.
□ Canada is m u ch b igger than France.
□ Sue is a b it older than Gary —she’s 25 and h e’s 24.
□ T he hotel was m u ch m o re expensive than I
expected.
□ You go out m u ch m ore than me.
more expensive -» Unit 87
not as ... as -> Unit 89
Exercises
8 8.1
Unit 8 8
W rite sentences abo u t Liz and Ben. Use th a n .
Ben
Liz
\
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m 26.
I’m not a very good swimmer.
I’m 1 m etre 68 tall.
I start work at 8 o ’clock.
I don’t work very hard.
I haven’t got m uch money.
I’m a very good driver.
I’m not very patient.
I’m not a very good dancer.
I’m very intelligent.
I speak French very well.
I don’t go to the cinema very i
S ' 1 I’m 24.
88.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
V V
1 Lj[z
16 elder th a n Ben...................................
2 B e n is a. b&fcter w u w e r U'.ttn Li z ...........
3
4
5
6
£l
Liz i s .................................................................... ..
I iz starts........................................................ Ben.
B e n .........................................................................
Ben has got ..........................................................
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’m a very good swimmer.
I’m 1 metre 63 tall.
I start work at 8.30.
I w ork very hard.
I’ve got a lot o f money.
I’m not a very good driver.
I’m very patient.
I’m a good dancer.
I’m not very intelligent.
I d o n ’t speak French very well
I go to the cinema a lot.
Liz is a
Ben ...
Ben ...
L iz ......
L iz ......
Ben..............................
Com plete the sentences. Use th a n .
1 H e isn’t very tall. You’r e
t a l k r th an him
(OR taller th an be. is)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
She isn’t very old. You’r e ...................................................................................
1 d o n ’t work very hard. You w o r k ..................................................................
H e doesn’t watch TV very much. You ...........................................................
I’m not a very good cook. You .......................................................................
We d on’t know many people. You ..................................................................
They haven’t got m uch money. You ...............................................................
1 can’t run very fast. You c a n ...........................................................................
She hasn’t been here very long. You ..............................................................
They didn’t get up very early. Y o u ..................................................................
11 H e wasn’t very surprised. You ........................................................................
8 8 .3
Com plete the sentences w ith a b it or m uch + com parative (o ld e r/b e tte r etc.).
1 Em m a is 25. Gary is 24 j .
E m m a is a. bit older tlxxr. G ary....................................................................................
2 Jack’s m other is 52. His father is 69.
Jack’s m o th e r..............................................................................................................................
3 M y camera cost £ 1 0 0 . Yours cost £ 9 6 .
M y ca m e ra ..................................................................................................................................
4 Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel OK.
I fe e l.............................................................................................................................................
5 Today the tem perature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was 10 degrees.
It’s .................................................................................................................................................
6 Sarah is an excellent tennis player. I’m not very good.
S a ra h .............................................................................................................................................
187
not as ... as
n o t as .. as
She’s old, but she’s n o t as old as he is.
Box A isn’t as b ig as Box B.
□ R o m e is n o t as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)
□ T h e Grand H otel isn ’t as expensive as the Europa. (= the Europa is m ore
expensive)
□ I d o n ’t play tennis as often as you. (= you play m ore often)
□ T h e w eather is better than it was yesterday. It isn ’t as cold. (= as cold as it was
yesterday)
n o t as m u ch as ... / n ot as m any as ...
□ I haven’t got as m u ch m o n ey as you. (= you’ve got m ore m on ey)
□ I d o n ’t know as m any p eop le as you. (= you know m ore p eop le)
□ I d o n ’t go out as m u ch as you. (= you go out m ore)
C om pare n o t as ... as and than:
□ R o m e is n o t as o ld as Athens.
Athens is older than R om e, (not older as R om e)
□ Tennis isn ’t as popular as football.
Football is m ore popular than tennis.
□ I d o n ’t go out as m u ch as you.
You go out m ore than me.
We usually say: as m e / as h im / as her etc.
You can say:
□ She’s not as old as him . or She’s not as old as he is.
□ You d o n ’t w ork as hard as m e. or Youd o n ’t work as hard as I do.
We say the sam e as ... :
□ T he weather today is the sam e as yesterday.
□ M y hair is the sam e co lo u r as yours.
□ I arrived at the sam e tim e as Tim.
much/many —» Unit 83
older than ... / more expensive than ... —> Unit 88
Exercises
89.1
Unit 8 9
Look at the pictures and w rite sentences about A, B and C.
work
A
very b a r d i . J
! '______ .
riot t o o b a r d L j
t \
yC
8 9 .2
1
a is
2
3
4
5
6
A
C
A
B
C
C.
Athens is older than R om e.
M y room is bigger than yours.
You got up earlier than me.
We played better than them.
I’ve been here longer than you.
She’s more nervous than him.
Rom e
b r.’t 36 oltt a s Athens
Your room isn’t ..................................
I didn’t ..................................................
T h e y ......................................................
Y o u ........................................................
H e ..........................................................
W rite as or than .
1
2
3
4
8 9 .4
i s ............................................................. 15. but not
i s .................................................................... A, but
i s .................................................................... , b u t
has g o t ........................................................................
w o rk s ..........................................................................
W rite sentences w ith as ... as ...
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 9 .3
b iq q tr t\rMn C. but not a s bi<^ 05 3 .........
Athens is o ld e r
R om e.
I do n ’t watch TV as m u c h ..................you.
You eat m o re ....................me.
I’m more tired to d a y .................. I was yesterday.
5
6
7
8
Joe isn’t as intelligent...................he thinks.
Belgium is sm aller...................Switzerland.
Brazil isn’t as b ig .................. Canada.
I can’t wait lo n g e r................. an hour.
C om plete the sentences abo ut Julia, Andy and Laura. Use th e same age / th e same
s tre e t etc.
I'm 24.
I'm 24.
I live in Hill Street.
I g o t up a t 7.15.
I live in Baker Street.
I live in Hill Street.
I g o t up a t 7.15.
I g o t up a t 7.45.
I haven't g o t a car.
My car is dark b lu e ^ ./
I've g o t a car. It's dark blue.
/ f m 22.
Laura
Julia
1 (ni,e)
Aricly b th e sam e
06 Laura
2 (street) Julia liv es....................................................
3 (time)
Julia got u p ...............................................
4 (colour) Andy’s ........................................................
189
Unit
90
the oldest
the most expensive
A
HOTEL PRICES IN KINTON
(Per room per night)
Box A is b igger than Box B.
Box A is b igger than all the other
boxes.
Box A is the b iggest box.
Europa Hotel
£ 14 0
Grand Hotel
£125
Bennets
£90
Royal
£120
Carlton
£ 85
Astoria
£115
Star
£25
Palace
£110
Station
£25
T he Europa H otel
the Grand.
T he Europa H otel
the other hotels in
T he Europa Hotel
hotel in the city.
Grosvenor
is m ore exp en sive than
is m ore exp en sive than all
the city.
is the m o st expensive
B ig g er / older / m o re expensive etc. are comparative forms (—» U nit 87).
B ig g est / old est / m o st expensive etc. are superlative forms.
T he superlative form is -est (oldest) or m o st ... (m ost expensive).
Short words (o ld /c h e a p /n ic e etc.) —» the -est:
old —> the old est
cheap —> the cheapest
but good —> the best
bad —» the w orst
nice —> the n icest
Spelling (—> Appendix 5):
ho t —> the hottest
big —> the biggest
Words ending in -y (easy/h eavy etc.) —> the -iest:
easy —> th e easiest
heavy —>the heaviest
pretty —» th e prettiest
Long words (carefu l/exp en sive/in terestin g etc.) —» the m o st ... :
careful —<> the m o st careful
interesting —» the m o st interesting
We say the oldest ... / the most expensive ... etc. (with the):
□ T he church is very old. It’s the oldest building in the town.
(= it is older than all the other buildings)
□ W hat is the lon gest river in the world?
□ M oney is im portant, but it isn’t the m o st im p ortan t thing in life.
□ Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?
You can use the old est / the best / the m o st expensive etc. w ithout a noun:
□ Ken is a good player, but he isn’t the best in the team.
(the best = the best player)
You can use superlative + I’ve ever ... / y o u ’ve ever . . . etc. :
□ The film was very bad. I think it’s the w orst film I’ve ever seen.
□ W hat is the m o st unusual thing y o u ’ve ever done?
190
present perfect + ever -» Unit 17
£10 0
older / more expensive -» Units 87-88
Exercises
90.1
Unit 9 0
W rite sentences w ith com paratives (older etc.) and superlatives (th e oldest etc.).
big/small
(A/D)
A is bt^ger Jh tu i p .
(A)
A is th e bujqesfc,.......
(15)
B is th e s m a lle s t.....
long/short
(C /A ) C i s ............................................................. A.
(D)
D i s ................................................................
(B)
B .....................................................................
r
young/old
CD/Cl
(D /C ) D .
^
(B)
(Q
expensive/cheap
(D /A ) .................
RESTAURANT A excellent
RESTAURANT B not bad.
RESTAURANT C good but not wonderful
RESTAURANT D awful
9 0 .2
...................
(A)
.................
good/bad
(A /C ) ....
(A)
....
(D)
....
Com plete the sentences. Use a superlative (th e oldest etc.).
1 This building is very old. It’s
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 0 .3
(C)
the cld.e-si building ... . in the town.
It was a very happy day. It w a s .......................................................................o f my life.
It’s a very good film. It’s ....................................................................... I’ve ever seen.
She’s a very popular singer. She’s .......................................................................in the country.
It was a very bad mistake. It w a s ....................................................................... I’ve ever made.
It’s a very pretty village. It’s
I’ve ever seen.
It was a very cold day. It w a s ....................................................................... o f the year.
H e ’s a very boring person. H e ’s ....................................................................... I’ve ever met.
W rite sentences w ith a superlative (th e longest etc.). Choose from the boxes.
S-ydrtey
Everest
Brazil
1
2
3
4
5
.JijCUV
Alaska
the Nile
Jupiter
high
large
long
country
city
m ountain
river
state
planet
Africa
Australia
the USA
South America
the world
the solar system
AwstroXuc.
Everest
..............
..............
..............
6 .................
191
enough
She isn’t going to take a taxi.
She hasn’t got en o u g h m on ey.
He can’t reach the shelf.
H e isn’t tall en ou gh .
en o u g h + n o u n (enou gh m o n e y / en ou gh p eop le etc.)
□ ‘Is there en o u g h m ilk in your coffee?’ ‘Yes, thank you.’
□ We wanted to play football, but we didn’t have en ou gh players.
□ W hy d o n ’t you buy a car? You’ve got en ou gh m o n ey . (not m oney enough)
en o u g h w ith o u t a noun
□ I’ve got some money, but not en o u g h to buy a car.
(= I need m ore m oney to buy a car)
□ W o u ld you like some more to eat?’
‘No, thanks. I’ve had en ou gh .’
□ You’re always at home. You d o n ’t go out enough.
adjective + en o u g h (good en o u g h / tall en ou gh etc.)
□ ‘Shall we sit outside?’
‘No, it isn’t w arm en ou gh .’ (not enough warm)
□ Can you hear the radio? Is it lou d en ou gh for you?
□ D o n ’t buy that coat. It’s nice, but it isn’t lo n g en ou gh . (= it’s too short)
R em em ber:
en o u g h + n o u n
but
adjective + en ou gh
en o u g h m oney
en o u g h tim e
en o u g h people
tall en o u g h
good en o u g h
old en ou gh
We say:
en o u g h for som ebody/som ething
□ This pullover isn’t b ig en o u g h for m e.
□ I haven’t got en o u g h m o n e y for a n ew car.
en o u g h to do som ething
□ I haven’t got en ou gh m o n e y to buy a new
car. (not for buy)
□ Is your English g o o d en ou gh to have a
conversation? (not for have)
en o u g h for som ebody/som ething
to do som ething
□ There aren’t en o u g h chairs for everybody
to sit down.
to ...and for ...-» Unit 54
too -» Unit 92
Exercises
91.1
Unit 91
Look a t the pictures and com plete th e sentences. Use enough + these words:
chairs
m o n ey
p aint
w in d
1 She hasn’t g o t .^ripwgh j^oyiwj...................... 3 She hasn’t got
2 T here aren’t ........................................................ I T here isn’t ......
9 1 .2
Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use these adjectives + enough:
b ig
1 He
lo n g
strong
-talk
tsr.’i ta ll encash
3 His legs aren’t
4 H e ....................
2 T h e c a r .............................
91 .3
C om plete the sentences. Use enough w ith these words:
b ig
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 1 .4
eat
lou d
-m ilk
old
practise
space
tim e
‘Is th e r e enoujh r r d k
in your coffee?’
‘Yes, thank you.’
Can you hear the radio? Is i t IcmcL encuah
for yOU?
H e can leave school if he wants —h e’s ..............................................................
W hen I visited N ew York last year, I didn’t h a v e .....................................................
the things I wanted to see.
This house isn’t ............................................................ for a large family.
Tina is very thin. She doesn’t ..............................................................
M y office is very small. T here isn’t ..............................................................
It’s late, but I d o n ’t want to go to bed now. I’m n o t ..........
Lisa isn’t a very good tennis player because she doesn’t ......
tired
to see all
Com plete th e sentences. Use enough w ith these words:
1
2
3
•I
5
6
We haven’t g o t ev.Oi/Ujk rror.eu ic bwy
a new car.
This knife isn't .............................................................................................. tomatoes,
T h e water wasn’t
swimming.
Have we g o t ................................................................................................ sandwiches?
We played well, but n o t .............................................................................. the game.
I don't h a v e
newspapers.
(m oney/buy)
(sharp/cut)
(w arm /go)
(bread/make)
(well/win)
(tim e/read)
193
Unit
92
too
His shoes are to o b ig for him.
T here is to o m u ch sugar in it.
to o + adjective / adverb (too b ig / to o hard etc.)
□ C an you turn the radio down?
It’s to o loud. (= louder than I want)
D I can’t work. I’m to o tired.
□ I think you w ork to o hard.
( It’s too loud. ^
to o m u ch / to o m an y = m ore than you want, more than is good:
□ I d o n ’t like the weather here. There is to o m u ch rain. (= m ore rain than is good)
□ Let’s go to another restaurant. There are to o m an y p eop le here.
□ Emily studies all the time. I think she studies to o m uch.
□ Traffic is a problem in this town. There are to o m any cars.
C om pare to o and n o t enough:
□ T he hat is to o b ig for him.
□ T he radio is to o loud. C an you turn it down, please?
□ T here’s to o m u ch sugar in my coffee. (= m ore sugar
than I want)
□ I don’t feel very well. I ate to o m u ch .
□ T he hat isn’t b ig en ou gh for him. (= it’s to o small)
O T he radio isn’t lou d en ou gh. Can you turn it up, please?
□ T here’s n o t en o u g h sugar in my coffee. (= I need
more sugar)
□ You’re very thin. You don’t eat en ou gh .
We say:
□ These shoes are to o b ig for m e.
□ It’s a small house —to o sm all for a large
fam ily.
□ I’m to o tired to go out. (not for go out)
□ It’s to o cold to sit outside.
□ She speaks to o fast for m e to understand.
194
to ... and f o r ... -» Unit 54
much/many -» Unit 53
enough -» Unit 91
Exercises
92.1
Unit 9 2
Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use to o + these words:
b ig
crow ded
fast
h eavy
4oui
low
1 T he music i s too toivi.................................... 4 She’s d riv in g ............................
2 T he box i s ............................................................ 5 T he ball i s .................................
3 T he net i s ............................................................ 6 T he m useum i s .......................
9 2 .2
W rite to o / to o much / to o m any or enough.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
9 2 .3
You’re always at home. You d o n ’t go o u t tmcngk......
I d o n ’t like the w eather here. T here’s
toe
rain .
I can’t wait for them. I haven’t g o t ............................. time.
T here was nowhere to sit on the beach. T here w e r e ............................... people.
You’re always tired. I think you w o r k ............................. hard.
‘D id you h a v e
to eat?’
‘Yes, thank you.’
You d r in k ............................... coffee. It’s not good for you.
You d o n ’t e a t ............................... vegetables. You should eat more.
I d o n ’t like the weather here. It’s ............................. cold.
O u r team didn’t play well. We m a d e ............................. mistakes.
‘W ould you like some milk in your tea?’
‘Yes, but n o t ................................’
C om plete the sentences. Use too or enough w ith these words:
1 1 couldn’t work. 1
w&S too tired,............................................................ ................
(tired)
(loud)
1 d o n ’t want to walk home. It’s ...................................................................... ................. (far)
D o n ’t buy anything in that shop. I t .............................................................. ................. (expensive)
You can’t put all your things in this bag. I t ................................................ ................. (big)
1 couldn’t do the exercise. I t ........................................................................... ................. (difficult)
Your work needs to be better. I t ................................................................... ................. (good)
1 can’t talk to you now. 1 ................................................................................. ................. (busy)
I thought the film was boring. I t .................................................................. .................. (long)
2 Can you turn the radio up, please? I t ....t lOM<l eviow^h........................... .................
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 2 .4
C om plete the sentences. Use to o (+ adjective) + to ... .
It’s
too cold, to go out
(I’m not going out / cold)
(I’m n o t going to bed / early)
It’s ........................................................................................
(they’re n o t getting m arried / young)
T hey’r e ...............................................................................
(nobody goes out at night / dangerous)
It’s ...................................................................
5 (don’t phone Sue now / late)
It’s ...................................................................
6 (I didn’t say anything / surprised)
I w a s ..............................................................
1
2
3
4
195
Unit
93
He speaks Enqlish very well,
(word order 1}
verb + object
Sue
reads
a new spaper
subject
verb
object
every day.
T he verb (reads) and the object (a newspaper) are
usually together. We say:
□ Sue reads a new spaper every day.
(not Sue reads every day a newspaper)
SUE (subject)
A
n ew spaper
(object)
verb + object
H e speaks
I like
D id you w atch
Paul often wears
We invited
I op en ed
W hy do you always m ake
I ’m going to b orrow
E nglish very well.
(not H e speaks very well English)
Italian fo o d very much.
television all evening?
a black hat.
(not I like very m uch ...)
(not Did you watch all evening ...)
(not Paul wears often ...)
a lo t o f p eop le to the party.
the d oor slowly.
the sam e mistake?
so m e m o n ey from the bank.
where and w hen
We w ent
to a party
I
last n igh t
I
where?
w hen?
.
Place (where?) is usually before tinae (ivhen?). We say:
□ We w ent to a party last night, (not We went last night to a party)
place
time
(when? how long? how often?)
Lisa walks
to w ork
every day.
(n o t . . . every day to work)
Will you be
at h o m e
this evening?
(not . . . this evening at home)
I usually go
to bed
early.
(n o t
We arrived
at the airport
at 7 o ’clock.
in the sam e h ouse
for 20 years,
T h ey’ve lived
Jo e’s father has been
196
+
(where?)
in hospital
word order in questions -» Units 4 4 - 4 6
since June.
always/usually/often etc. -» Unit 9 4
.. early to bed)
Exercises
93.1
R ight or wrong? Correct the sentences th a t are wrong.
1 Did you watch all eveningjHevision?
2 Sue reads a newspaper every day.
3 I like very much this picture.
4 Tom started last week his new job.
5 I want to speak English fluently.
6 Jane bought for her friend a present.
7 I drink every day three cups o f coffee.
8 D o n ’t eat your dinner too quickly!
9 I borrowed from my brother fifty pounds.
9 3 .2
Did. uou waick) television ail evening?
QK.....................................
Put the words in order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
9 3 .3
Unit 9 3
(the door / opened / I / slowly)
(a new com puter / I / last week / bought
(finished / Paul / quickly / his work)
(Emily / very well / French / doesn’t spet
(a lot o f shopping / did / I / yesterday)
(London / do you know / well?)
(we / enjoyed / very m uch / the party)
(the problem / carefully / I / explained)
(we / at the airport / some fidends / met)
(did you buy / in England / that jacket?)
(every day / do / the same thing / we)
(football / don’t like / very m uch / I)
I opened, th e door slowlu.
I .........................................................
Put th e words in order.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Lisx walks tp_work..everq dtup
(to work / every day / walks / Lisa)
(at the hotel / I / early / arrived)
I ....................................................................
(goes / every year / to Italy / Julia)
J u lia ........................................................
(we / since 1988 / here / have lived)
W e ..........................................................
(in London / Sue / in 1980 / was born)
S u e .....................................................................
(didn’t go / yesterday / Paul / to work)
P a u l....................................................................
(to a wedding / last weekend / went / Helen)
H e le n .....................................................................................................
(I / in bed / this m orning / my breakfast / had)
I ..........................................................................................................................
(in Septem ber / Barbara / to university / is going)
B arb ara...................................................................................................
(I / a beautiful bird / this m orning / in the garden / saw)
I ..........................................................................................................................
(many times / have been / my parents / to the U nited States)
M y ..........................................................................................................
(my umbrella / I / last night / left / in the restaurant)
I ..........................................................................................................................
(to the cinema / tom orrow evening / are you going?)
A r e ..........................................................................................................
(the children / I / took / this m orning / to school)
I ..........................................................................................................................
197
Unit
94
always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
These words (alw ays/never etc.) arc w ith the verb in the middle o f a sentence:
always
usually
□
□
□
□
□
□
often
so m e tim es
ever
never
rarely
seld om
also
ju st
already
still
all
b oth
M y brother never speaks to me.
She’s always late.
D o you often go to restaurants?
I so m e tim e s eat too much, (or S o m etim es I eat too much.)
‘D o n ’t forget to phone Laura.’
‘I’ve already p h on ed her.’
I’ve got three sisters. T hey’re all married.
A lw a y s/n ever etc. arc before the verb:
verb
always
often
never
etc.
go
play
have
etc.
□ I always drink coffee in the m orning.
(n o t I drink always coffee)
□ H elen often goes to London.
(not H elen goes often)
□ You so m e tim es lo o k unhappy.
□ They usually have dinner at 7 o ’clock.
□ We rarely (or seldom ) w atch television.
□ R ichard is a good footballer. H e also plays tennis and volleyball.
(not H e plays also tennis)
□ I’ve got three sisters. They all live in London.
But alw ays/never etc. are after a m /is/a re/w a s/w e re:
am
is
are
was
w ere
always
o ften
never
etc.
□
O
□
□
□
□
I am always tired, (not I always am tired)
They are never at hom e during the day.
It is usually very cold here in winter.
W hen I was a child, I was often late for school.
‘W here’s Laura?’
‘She’s still in bed.’
I’ve got two brothers. T hey’re b oth doctors.
A lw ays/n ever etc. are between two verbs (have ... b een / can ... find etc.):
verb i
verb 2
w ill
can
do
etc.
go
find
rem em b er
etc.
have
has
always
often
never
etc.
gone
b een
etc.
198
□
□
□
□
□
I w ill always rem em b er you.
It d o esn ’t often rain here.
D o you usually go to w ork by car?
I can never find my keys.
H ave you ever b een to Egypt?
□ A: W here’s Laura?
B: She’s ju st g o n e out. (She’s = She has)
□ M y friends have all g o n e to the cinema.
always/never + present simple -» Unit 5
both -» Unit 82
still -» Unit 95
just/already + present perfect -» Unit 1G
all
Units 80-81
Exercises
94.1
Unit 9 4
I
Read Paul's answers to the questions. W rite sentences about Paul w ith o fte n /n e v e r etc.
Paul
T v
D o you ever play te n n is ? \
D o you get up early?
Are you ever late for work?
D o you ever get angry?
D o you ever go swimming?
Are you at hom e in the
evenings?
9 4 .2
1 M y brother speaks to me. (never)
He
He
Mu brother never spe-tdcs to me.
Susan is polite, (always)
Susan ...........................................................................
I finish work at 5 o ’clock, (usually)
I ....
Sarah has started a new job. (just)
Sarah
I go to bed before m idnight, (rarely)
....
T he bus isn’t late, (usually)
.......................
I d o n ’t eat fish, (often)
...............................
I will forget what you said, (never)
........
Have you lost your passport? (ever)
.......
D o you work in the same place? (still)
...
T hey stay in the same hotel, (always)
....
Jane doesn’t work on Saturdays, (usually)
Is Tina here? (already)
...............................
W hat do you have for breakfast? (usually)
I can remem ber his name, (never)
..........
W rite sentences w ith also.
1
2
3
4
5
9 4 .4
Pou I often puuts fcer.nvs.
W rite these sentences w ith never/alw ays/u su ally etc.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
9 4 .3
Yes, often. \
Yes, always.
N o, never.
Sometimes.
Rarely.
Yes, usually.
D o you play football? (tennis)
D o you speak Italian? (French)
Are you tired? (hungry)
Have you been to England? (Ireland)
D id you buy any clothes? (some books)
Yes,
I.
te ’-irws.
Yes, and I .........................................
Yes, a n d ............................................
Y es,....................................................
W rite sentences w ith both and all.
I’m married. I was born in England,
live in New York.
live in lo n d o n ^ \
I play fo o tba ll.
I
f I live in lo n d o n
I play fo o tba ll.
I'm a student.
I’m a student.
I've g o t a ear.
\ h / e g o t a ear.
They bitfi live, tn London..............................
T h e y .......................................................... football.
..................................................................... students.
........................................................................... cars.
U l
2 T h e y .................................................. married.
T h e y ..................................................England.
199
Unit
95
still
yet
already
still
an hour ago
now
T he rain
hasn’t stopped
An h o u r ago it was raining.
It is still raining now.
still = som ething is the same as before:
□ I had a lot to eat, but I’m still hungry. (= I was hungry before, and I’m hungry now)
□ ‘D id you sell your car?’
‘No, I’ve still got it.’
□ ‘Do you still live in Barcelona?’
‘No, I live in M adrid now.’
yet
2 0 minutes ago
^
wjjx be here soon.^)
Twenty minutes ago they were
waiting for Bill.
^W here's Bid.?
He’s very U t e .)
They are still waiting for Bill.
Bill h asn’t c o m e yet.
yet = until now
We use y et in negative sentences (He hasn’t com e yet.) and in questions (Has h e come yet?).
Yet is usually at the end o f a sentence:
□ A: W h ere’s Emma?
B: She isn ’t here yet. (= she will be here, but until now shehasn’t come)
□ A: W hat are you doing this evening?
B: I d o n ’t k n o w yet. (= I w i l l k n o w la te r, b u t I d o n ’t k n o w a t t h e m o m e n t )
□ A: Are you ready to go yet?
B: N o t yet. In a minute. (= I will be ready, but I’m not ready atthe m om ent)
□ A: Have y o u finished w ith the newspaper yet?
B: N o, I’m still r e a d i n g it.
Com pare yet and still:
□ She hasn’t gone yet. = She’s still here. (not she is yet here)
□ I haven’t finished eating yet. = I’m still eating.
already = earlier than expected:
□ ‘W hat time is Joe com ing?’ ‘H e ’s already here.’ (= earlier than we expected)
□ ‘I’m going to tell you w hat happened.’
‘T hat’s not necessary. I already know.’
□ Sarah isn’t com ing to the cinema with us. She has already seen the film.
200
already/yet + present perfect -» Unit tG
word order (still/already) -» Unit 94
Exercises
95.1
Unit 9 5
You m eet Tina. The last tim e you saw her was tw o years ago. You ask her some
questions w ith still.
(
1
Tina - tw o years ago
1
I play the piano, ' j
ve got a
x
\
motorbike. J
- /
I live in Clare
Street.
(l
9 5 .2
m a student.
go to the A
cinema
a lo w
Do yow still pl<ou th e pta.no ?
2 D o you
.
3 Are
4
5
6
I want to be a teacher. ^
W rite three sentences fo r each situation. Look at th e exam ple carefully.
before
now
I
(before)
(still)
(yet)
They were waiting fc r th e bus.
They ore still waiting.
The. bus h a sn ’t come uct.
(before) H e was
(still) H e .......
yet.
(yet) ................
(before) S h e .................................................... asleep.
(still) ........................................................................
(yet) ..............................................................................
/
(before) They
(still) ..........
(yet) ...........
dinner
9 5 .3
W rite questions w ith yet.
1 You and Sue are going out together. You are waiting for her to get ready. Perhaps she is ready
now. You ask her:
Afe you ready
..............................................................................................
2 You are waiting for Helen to arrive. She wasn’t here ten minutes ago. Perhaps she is here now.
You ask somebody: ........................ H e le n .................................................................................................
3 Anna did an exam and is waiting for the results. Perhaps she has her results now.
You ask her: ......................... you...................................................................................................................
4 A few days ago you spoke to Tom. H e wasn’t sure where to go on holiday. Perhaps he has
decided now.
You ask him: ...................................................................................................................................................
9 5 .4
C om plete th e sentences. Use already.
/L
W hat time is Joe coming?
Does Sarah want to see the film?
I have to see Julia before she goes.
D o you need a pen?
Shall I pay the bill?
6 Y Shall I tell Paul about the meeting? J
He’s already
here.
No, s h e h a s aure ad y seen
it.
It’s too late. S h e ..................................................
No, thanks. I ..........................
one.
No, it’s O K . I ......................................................
\ N o , h e .............................................. I told h u u . y
201
Unit
96
Give me th a t book!
Give it to me!
A
give
len d
pass
send
SARAH
show
After these verbs (g iv e/len d etc.), there are
two possible structures:
give so m e th in g to so m eb o d y
□ I gave the keys to Sarah.
give so m e b o d y so m eth in g
□ I gave Sarah the keys.
give so m e th in g to so m eb o d y
som ething
T h at’s my book.
These are Sue’s keys. Can you
Can you
I
Did you
W e’ve seen these photos. You
Give
give
give
len t
send
show ed
to somebody
it
them
these flowers
my car
a postcard
them
to
■to
to
to
to
to
me.
her?
your m other?
a friend o f mine.
Kate?
us.
give so m e b o d y so m eth in g
Tom
I
H ow m uch m oney did you
I
Nicole
Can you
Give
gave
lent
lend
sent
show ed
pass
somebody
something
me
his m other
Joe
him?
you
us
me
that book. It’s mine.
some flowers.
some money.
an email. D id you get it?
her holiday photos.
the salt, please?
You can also say ‘b u y /g e t somebody som ething’:
□ I b o u g h t my m other some flowers. (= I bought some flowers for my mother.)
□ C an you g et me a newspaper w hen you go out? (= get a newspaper for me)
□ I gave the keys to Sarah.
and I gave Sarah the keys.
(but not I gave to Sarah the keys)
□ T h at’s my book. C an you give it to me?
a nd C an you give m e that book?
(but not Can you give to me that book?)
We prefer the first structure (give som ething to somebody) with it or them :
□ I gave it to her. (not I gave her it)
□ H ere are the keys. Give th em to your father, (not Give your father them)
202
it/him/them etc. -» Unit 59
Exercises
96J
Unit 9 6
M a rk had some things th a t he did n ’t w an t. He gave them to d iffe re n t people.
W rite sentences beginning He gave ...
1
2
3
4
5
6
9 6 .2
W hat did M ark
What did he do
W hat happened
W hat about the
W hat did he do
And the ladder?
do w ith the armchair?
with the tennis racket?
to the books?
lamp?
w ith the pictures?
He gave it to
brother.
H e g av e .......................................
H e ................................................
You gave presents to your friends. You decided to give th em the things in the pictures.
W rite a sentence fo r each person.
1
1 qjive PauI o. book.
2 1 gave ................................
3 I ..........................................
9 6 .3
6
W rite questions beginning Can you give me ... ? / Can you pass me ... ? etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9 6 .4
4
5
(you
(you
(you
(you
(you
(you
(you
want
need
want
need
want
want
want
the salt)
an umbrella)
my address)
twenty pounds)
some information)
to see the letter)
some stamps)
Can you po.c>s ree th e
(pass)
(lend) Can you ............................................
your .
(give) C a n
(lend)
(send)
(show)
(get)
W hich is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
T gave to Sarah the keys-. / I gave Sarah the keys.
(I gave Sarah the keys is right)
I’ll lend to you some m oney if you want. / I’ll lend you some money if you want.
D id you send the letter m e? / Did you send the letter to m e?
I want to buy fo r you a present. / I want to buy you a present.
Can you pass to me the sugar, please? / Can you pass me the sugar, please?
This is Lisa’s bag. Can you give it to her? / Can you give her it?
I showed to the policeman rny identity card. / I showed the policeman nry identity card.
203
and
and
but
b ut
or
or
so
so
because
because
We use these words (conjunctions) to join two sentences. They make one longer sentence
from two shorter se n te n c e s:
sentence A
T he car stopped.
T he driver got out.
sentence B
T he car stopped and the driver got out.
a n d /b u t/o r
sentence A
We stayed at hom e
M y sister is m arried
H e doesn’t like her,
I b ought a newspaper,
It’s a nice house,
D o you w ant to go out,
sentence B
and
and
and
but
but
or
(we)* watched television.
(she)* lives in London.
she doesn’t like him.
I didn’t read it.
it hasn’t got a garden.
are you too tired?
1 * It is not necessary to
1
repeat ‘w e’ and ‘she’.
!
In lists, we use commas (,). We use and before the last thing:
□ I got hom e, had som ething to eat, sat down in an armchair and fell asleep.
/
^
/
/
□ Karen is at w ork, Sue has gone shopping and Chris is playing football.
so (the result o f something)
sentence A
It was very hot,
Joe does a lot o f sport,
They d o n ’t like travelling,
sentence B
so I opened the window.
so h e’s very fit.
so they haven't been to many places.
because (the reason for something)
sentence A
I opened the window
Joe can’t com e to the party
Lisa is hungry
sentence B
because
because
because
it was very hot.
h e’s going away.
she didn’t have breakfast.
B ecau se is also possible at the beginning:
□ B ecau se it was very h ot, I opened the window.
In these examples there is m ore than one conjunction:
□ It was late and I was tired, so I w ent to bed.
□ I always enjoy visiting London, b ut I w ouldn’t like to live there becau se it’s too big.
when/while/before etc. -» Unit 98
Exercises
97.1
Unit 9 7
W rite sentences. Choose from the boxes and use a n d /b u t/o r.
I stayed at home.
I bought a newspaper.
I w ent to the window.
I wanted to phone you.
I ju m p ed into the river.
I usually drive to work.
D o you want me to com e w ith you?
1
1 didn’t have your number.
Shall I wait here?
I didn’t read it.
I w ent by bus this m orning.
I watched television.
I swam to the other side.
I looked out.
I stayed, ai- home And, KAtcbed, .te ie v tstc n ,..............................................................
2 .... 1 bougK A. newspaper, but I d id n 't read, it,..................................................
3
4
5
6
7
9 7 .2
..............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
Look a t the pictures and com plete th e sentences. Use and/but/so/because.
1
2
3
4
5
6
9 7 .3
I ..............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
it was very h o t.
he opened, the. w in d er......................................
They couldn’t play te n n is ............................................................................
They w ent to the m u seu m ,........................................................................
Bill wasn’t h u n g ry ,.........................................................................................
Helen was late ................................................................................................
Sue s a id ............................................................................................................
W rite sentences abou t w h a t you did yesterday. Use a n d /b u t etc.
1 (and)
2 (because)
3
4
5
6
(but)
(and)
(so)
(because)
|n the evening I s ta y e d a i Heme And. s tu d ie d .
I went to bed vm j esudu because I was tire d .
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
205
Unit
98
When
W h en I w en t o u t, it was raining.
This sentence has two parts:
w h en I w en t o u t
+
it was raining
You can say:
□ W h en I w en t out, it was raining,
It w as rain ing w hen I went out.
or
We w rite a com m a (,) if W hen ... is at the
beginning:
! W h en you’re tired, don’t drive,
i D o n ’t drive w h en you’re tired.
f H elen was 25 w h en she got married,
t W h en H elen got m arried, she was 25.
We do the same in sentences with b efore/w h ile/after:
i Always look both ways b efore you cross the road.
1 B efore you cross the road, always look both ways.
i W h ile I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain.
I It began to rain w h ile I was waiting for the bus.
[ H e never played football again after he broke his leg.
1 A fte r he broke his leg, he never played football again.
W h en I a m . . . / W h en I go ... etc.
N ext week Sarah is going to N ew York.
She has a friend, Lisa, w ho lives in N ew York,
but Lisa is also going away —to Mexico.
So they w o n ’t see each other in N ew York.
Lisa w ill b e in M exico w h en Sarah is in
N ew York.
The tim e is fu tu re (next w eek) but we say:
... w h en Sarah is in N ew York.
(not w hen Sarah will be)
We use the present (I am / I g o etc.) with a fu tu r e m eaning after when:
□ W h en I g et hom e this evening, I’m going to have a shower.
(not W hen I will get home)
□ I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later w h en I have m ore time.
We do the same after b efo re/w h ile/a fter/u n til:
□ Please close the w indow before you g o out. (not before you will go)
□ R achel is going to stay in our flat w h ile we are away. (not while we will be)
□ I’ll wait here until you c o m e back, (not until you will come back)
206
if and when —> Unit 99
until -» Unit 104-
before/while/after
Unit 105
Exercises
98.1
Unit 9 8
W rite sentences beginning w ith w hen. Choose fro m the boxes.
W h en +
1
2
3
4
5
I turned off the TV
I always go to the same place
there were no rooms
it was raining
there was no answer
I like to watch TV
I went out
I’m tired
I phoned her
I go on holiday
the program m e ended
I got to the hotel
When I wer.fc out, it was raining.
6
9 8 .2
C om plete the sentences. Choose from the box.
som ebody broke into the house
b efore they crossed the roadthey went to live in N ew Zealand
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9 8 .3
before they came here
while they were away
w hen they heard the news
they didn’t believe me
T hey looked both w ay s be.fcre they c r e j e c t the- rr o /i................................................................
T hey were very su rp rise d ............................................................................................................................
After they got m arrie d ,................................................................................................................................
T h eir house was damaged in a s to r m .......................................................................................................
W here did they liv e ................................................................................................................................... ?
W hile we were asleep,..................................................................................................................................
W hen I told them w hat happened,...........................................................................................................
W h ich is right?
1 4 stay-/ I’ll stay here until you com e / you’ll com e back.
(I’ll stay and you com e are right)
2 I’m going to bed w hen I finish / I’ll finish my work.
3 We must do som ething before it’s / it will be too late.
4 Helen is going away soon. I’m / I’ll be very sad w hen she leaves / she’ll leave.
5 D o n ’t go out yet. Wait until the rain stops / will stop.
6 We come / W e’ll com e and visit you w hen w e’re / w e’ll be in England again.
7 W h en I come / I’ll com e to see you tomorrow, I bring / I’ll bring our holiday photos.
8 I’m going to Paris next week. I hope to see some friends o f mine while I’m / I’ll be there.
9 ‘I need your address.’ ‘OK, 1 give / I’ll give it to you before 1go / I’ll go.’
10 I’m not ready yet. I tell / I’ll tell you w hen I’m / I’ll be ready.
9 8 .4
Use your own ideas to com plete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Can you close the w indow b e fo re .. you go o u t ................................................................................ ?
W hat are you going to do w h e n ........................................................................................................... ?
W hen 1 have enough m oney......................................................................................................................
I’ll wait for you w h ile ..................................................................................................................................
W h e n I start my new j o b ,...........................................................................................................................
Will you be here w h e n ............................................................................................................................ ?
207
Uni t
99
If we go ...
If you see ... etc.
A
we go by T Y
i or taxi?
If we go by bus, \
v /
yA, it will be cheaper. J
We'll get there more
I quickly i f we go by t a x i..
I f can be at the beginning o f a sentence or in the middle:
I f at the beginning
I f we go by bus,
I f you d o n ’t hurry,
I f you’re hungry,
I f the phone rings,
it will be cheaper,
you’ll miss the train,
have som ething to eat.
can you answer it, please?
i f in the middle
It will be cheaper
You’ll miss the train
I’m going to the concert
Is it O K
if
if
if
if
we go by bus.
you don’t hurry.
I can get a ticket.
I use your phone?
In conversation, we often use the if-part o f the sentence alone:
□ ‘Are you going to the concert?’
‘Yes, i f I can g et a ticket.’
I f you see A n n to m o rro w ... etc.
After if, we use the present (n o t will). We say ‘i f you see . . . ’ (no t if you will see):
□ I f you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?
□ I f I’m late this evening, d o n ’t wait for me. (not if I will be)
□ W hat shall we do i f it rains? (n o t if it will rain)
□ I f I d o n ’t feel well tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
i f and w h en
I f I go out = it is possible that I will go out, but I’m not sure:
□ A: Are you going out later?
□ B: Maybe. I f I g o out, I’ll close the windows.
W hen I go ou t = I’m going out (for sure):
□ A: Are you going out later?
□ B: Yes, I am. W hen I go out, I’ll close the windows.
Com pare w h en and if:
□ W h en I get hom e this evening, I’m going to have a shower.
□ I f I’m late this evening, d o n ’t wait for me. (no t W hen I’m late)
□ W e’re going to play tennis i f it doesn’t rain. (n o t w hen it doesn’t rain)
208
when -» Unit 98
if I had / if we w en t... etc. -> Unit 100
Exercises
99.1
Unit 9 9
W rite sentences beginning w ith if. Choose from the boxes.
you don’t harryyou pass the exam
you fail the exam
you don’t want this magazine
you want those pictures
you’re busy now
you’re hungry
you need money
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 9 .2
cjou’tl be L a te ......................................................................................................
If you p ass....................................................................................................................................................
I f .....................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
If I’m / I’ll-b e late this evening, don’t wait for me.
(I’m is right)
Will you call m e if I give / I’ll give you my phone number?
If there is /w ill be a fire, the alarm will ring.
If I d o n ’t see you tom orrow m orning, I call / I’ll call you in the evening.
I’m / I’ll be surprised if M artin and Jane get / will get m arried.
D o you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they’ll invite you?
Use your own ideas to com plete these sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 9 .4
d p n ’t
W h ich is right?
1
2
3
4
5
6
9 9 .3
If.
we can have lunch now
you can have them
I can lend you some
you’ll get a certificate
you’ll be late
I’ll throw it away
we can talk later
you can do it again
I’m going to the concert i f
I can gsi a. tick et.............................................................................
If you d o n ’t h u rry , tps* 'i- rats3 the. Irftb".........................................................................................
I d o n ’t want to disturb you i f ..................................................................................................................
If you go to bed early to n ig h t,................................................................................................................
Turn the television off i t ...........................................................................................................................
Tina w on’t pass her exams i f ...................................................................................................................
II I have time tom orrow ,...........................................................................................................................
We can go to the beach tom orrow i f ...................................................................................................
I’ll be surprised i f .......................................................................................................................................
W rite i f or when.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
!f
I ’m late this evening, d o n ’t wait for me.
I’m going to do some shopping now. .................. I com e back, we can have lunch.
I ’m thinking o f going to see T im
I go, will you com e with me?
................... you d o n ’t want to go out tonight, we can stay at home.
Is it O K .................. I close the window?
John is still at school........................ he leaves school, he wants to go to college.
Shall we have a picnic to m o rro w ................... the weather is good?
W e’re going to M adrid next week. We haven’t got anywhere to stay —we hope to find a
h o t e l ................. we get there. I d o n ’t know what w e’ll d o ................... we d o n ’t find a room.
209
H fll
1 ^ 1 If I had ...
If we w e n t... etc.
A
Dan likes fast cars, but he doesn’t have one.
H e doesn’t have enough money.
I f he had the money, he w ou ld buy a fast car.
Usually had is p a st, but in this sentence had is
not. past. I f he had the money = if he had the
m oney n ow (but he doesn’t have it).
If
I
you
it
they
etc.
had / k new / lived / w ent (etc.) .
d id n ’t have / d id n ’t k n ow (etc.)
w ere ... ,
cou ld ... ,
I
you
it
they
etc.
w o u ld (n ’t)
co u ld (n ’t)
buy ...
be ...
have ..
go ...
etc.
You can say:
□ I f h e had the money, he would buy a car.
or
H e would buy a car i f h e had the money.
I’d / sh e’d / th ey’d etc. = I w ou ld / she w ou ld / they w ou ld etc. :
□ I d o n ’t know the answer. I f I k n ew the answer, I’d tell you.
□ It’s raining, so w e’re not going out. W e’d get wet i f we w en t out.
□ Jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She w o u ld n ’t b e happy i f she lived in the country.
□ I f you d id n ’t have a job, what w ou ld you do? (but you have a job)
□ I’m sorry I can’t help you. I’d help you i f I could, (but I can't)
□ I f we had a car, we cou ld travel more, (but we h aven’t got a car, so we can’t travel much)
I f (I) w a s/w ere ...
^ I w u.Ld.nb go o u t of I were y o u .
You can say ‘i f I/h e /s h e /it w as’ o r‘i f I/h e /s h e /it w ere’:
□ It’s not a very nice place. I w ouldn’t go there i f I
w ere you . (or ... i f I was you)
□ It w ould be nice i f the w eather was better.
(or ... i f the w eather w ere better)
O W hat w ould Tom do i f h e w ere here?
(or ... i f h e was here)
Compare:
i f I have / i f it is etc.
□ I must go and see Helen.
I f I have time, I w ill go today.
(= maybe I’ll have time, so maybe
I’ll go)
□ I like that jacket.
I’ll b u y it i f it isn ’t too expensive.
(— maybe it will not be too expensive)
□ I’ll help you i f I can. (= maybe
I can help)
2 10
if we go / if I have / if I can etc. -» Unit 99
i f I had / i f it was etc.
□ I must go and see Helen.
I f I h a d time, I w o u ld g o today.
(= I d o n ’t have time today, so I will
not go)
□ I like that jacket, but it’s very expensive.
I’d buy it i f it w asn ’t so expensive.
(= it is expensive, so I’rn not going
to buy it)
□ I’d help you i f I could, but I can’t.
Exercises
Unit 1 0 0
100.1 C om plete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I d o n ’t know the answer. It I
'c>' ew
the answer, I’d tell you.
I have a car. I couldn’t travel very m uch if I
dtdvy t ha.ve
a car
I do n ’t want to go out. If I ............................................... to go out, I’d go.
We haven’t got a key. If w e ................................................a key, we could get into the house.
I’m not hungry. I would have som ething to eat if I .................................................hungry.
Sue enjoys her work. She w ouldn’t do it if s h e .................................................it.
H e can’t speak any foreign languages. If h e .................................................speak a foreign
language, perhaps he would get a better job.
8 You do n’t try hard enough. If you .................................... harder, you would have m ore success.
9 I have a lot to do today. If I ............................................... so m uch to do, we could go out.
1 00 .2 Put the verb in the correct form .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I f be .had
the money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have)
Jane likes living in a city.
She would n I be happy if she lived in the country, (she/not/be)
If I wanted to learn Italian,...............................................................to
Italy. (I/go)
I haven’t told H elen what happened. She’d be angry i f .....................
(she/know )
I f ...........................................................a map, I could show you where I live, (we/have)
W hat would you do i f
a lot o f money? (you/win)
It’s not a very good hotel................................................................ there if I were you. (I/not/stay)
I f .............................................................nearer London, we would go there more often, (we/live)
It’s a pity you have to go now. ............................................... nice if you had more time, (it/be)
I’m not going to take the job. I’d take it i f ............................................................ better.
(the salary/be)
11 I d o n ’t know anything about cars. If the car broke d o w n ,...........................................................
what to do. (I/not/know )
12 If you could change one thing in the world, w h a t ............................................................ ?
(you/change)
1 00.3 Com plete the sentences. Choose from the box and p ut th e verb in the correct form .
we (have) a bigger house
we (buy) a bigger house
we (have) some pictures on the wall
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 0 0 .4
it (be) a bit cheaper
every day (be) the same
the air (be) cleaner
I (watch) it
I (be) bored
I’d buy that jacket i f i t was a bit cheaper
If there was a good film on T V to n ig h t,...........
This room would be nicer i f ...............................
If there wasn’t so m uch traffic,............................
Life would be boiing i f .........................................
If I had nothing to d o ,...........................................
We could invite all our friends to stay i f ..........
If we had m ore m oney,.........................................
Com plete th e sentences. Use your own ideas.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I'd be happier i f I ccwLt get cc better job..
If I could go anywhere in the w o rld ,................
I w ouldn’t be very happy i f .................................
I’d b u y ................................................ i f ..................
If I saw an accident in the stree t,........................
T he world would be a better place i f ................
211
a person who ...
a thing that/w hich
(relative clauses 1)
w h o is for people (not things):
A th ief is a p erson
D o you know an ybod y
T h e m an
T h e p eop le
who
who
who
who
steals things,
can play the piano?
phoned
work in the office
didn’t give his name,
are very friendly.
that is for things or people:
An aeroplane is a m achine
Emma lives in a h ouse
T h e p eop le
that flies.
that is 400 years old.
that work in the office
are very friendly.
You can use that for people, but w h o is more usual.
w h ich is for things (not people):
An aeroplane is a m achin e
Emma lives in a h ou se
—
w h ich flies, (not a m achine w ho ...)
w h ich is 400 years old.
D o not use w h ich for people:
□ D o you rem em ber the w om an w h o was playing the piano at the party?
(not the wom an which ...)
who and which in questions -» Units 45, 47
the people we met (relative clauses 2) -» Unit 102
Exercises
Unit 101
707.7 Choose from the boxes and w rite sentences: A ... is a person who . . . . Use a dictio n ary
if necessary.
a
a
a
a
1
thief
butcher
musician
patient
a
a
a
a
dentist
fool
genius
liar
A t h i e f Is % perso n
doesn’t tell the truth
takes care o f your teeth
is very intelligent
plays a musical instrum ent
is ill in hospital
steals things
does stupid things
sells meat
stf.<Us th b tq s .
2 A butcher is a p e rs o n ..........................................
3 A m u sician.............................................................
4 .............................................................................................
5 ...................................................................................
6 ...........................................................................................
7 ...................................................................................
8 ...........................................................................................
101 .2
M a k e one sentence from tw o.
1 (A man phoned. H e didn’t g ilt his name.)
The. man whs phoned, didn’t gwe H s name.
2 (A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.)
T he w o m a n ..........................................................................................................................a yellow dress.
3 (Some students took the exam. M ost o f them passed.)
M ost o f the stu d en ts.....................................................................................................................................
4 (A policeman stopped our car. H e wasn’t very friendly.)
T h e ...................................................................................................................................................................
101 .3 W rite w ho or which.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I m et a w o m a n wkl® can speak six languages.
W h at’s the name o f the m a n ....................... has just started work in your office?
W h at’s the name o f the riv e r........................flows through the town?
W here is the p ic tu re ......................... was hanging on the wall?
D o you know a n y b o d y ......................... wants to buy a car?
You always ask qu estio n s......................... are difficult to answer.
I have a fr ie n d ......................... is very good at repairing cars.
I think everybody
w ent to the party enjoyed it very much.
W hy does he always wear clo th e s......................... are too small for him?
1 0 1 .4 R ight or wrong? Correct th e mistakes.
1
2
3
•I
5
6
7
8
9
A th ief is a jutm >n^ which steals things.
A person tcVic s te a ls ....................................
An aeroplane is a m achine that flies.
Q!*r.......................................................................
A coffee maker is a machine w ho makes coffee......................................................................................
Have you seen the m oney that was on the table? ................................................................................
I d o n ’t like people w hich never stop talking.
................................................................................
I know som ebody that can help you..........................................................................................................
I know som ebody w ho works in that shop............. .................................................................................
C orrect the sentences w ho are wrong...................... ................................................................................
M y neighbour bought a car w ho cost /j4 0 .0 0 0 .....................................................................................
213
aeople we met
lo te l you stayed at (relative clauses 2}
47 E
You can say:
□ T he bag that he is carrying ... or T he bag he is carrying ... (with or w ithout that)
□ ... the m oney that Kate won? or . . . the m oney Kate won?
You do not need th a t/w h o /w h ic h w hen it is the object:
subject
T he m an
Kate
You
We
verb
object
was carrying
won
wanted
m et
a bag
some m oney
some books
some people
—*■ the bag (that) the m an was carrying
—*■ the m o n ey (that) K ate w on
—*■ the b ook s (that) you w anted
—*■ the p eo p le (who) w e m e t
□ D id you find the b ook s you wanted? (or . . . the books that you wanted?)
□ T h e p eo p le w e m e t were very friendly, (orThe people w h o we m et ...)
□ E v eryth in g I said was true, (or Everything that I said ...)
We say:
□ T he film w e saw was very good, (not T he film we saw it was ...)
Sometimes there is a preposition ( t o / i n /a t etc.) after the verb:
Eve is talking to a man.
We stayed at a hotel
I told you a b ou t some books.
Do you know the m an Eve is talk ing to?
T h e h otel w e stayed at was near the station.
These are the b ook s I told you about.
We say:
... the books I told you about, (not the books I told you about them)
You can say‘(a place) w here . . . ’:
□ T h e h o tel w here we stayed was near the station. (= T he hotel we stayed at ...)
You m ust use w h o /th a t/w h ic h w hen it is the subject (—* U n it 101):
□ I m et a wom an w h o can speak six languages, (w ho is the subject)
□ Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him. (that is the subject)
214
a person who ... , a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1) -» Unit 101
Exercises
Unit 102
102.1 M ake o n e se n te n c e from tw o.
1 (Helen took some photographs. Have you seen them?)
Have- you seep the. phcfccoraph? Helen teck?..................................................................................
2 (You gave me a pen. I’ve lost it.)
I’ve lost t h e .....................................................................................................................................................
3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.)
I like t h e ..........................................................................................................................................................
4 (I gave you some flowers. W here are they?)
W here are t h e ................................................................................................................................................?
5 (He told us a story. I didn’t believe it.)
I .........................................................................................................................................................................................
6 (You bought some oranges. H ow m uch were they?)
H o w ............................................................................................................................................................... ?
102.2 M ake o n e se n te n c e from tw o.
1 (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)
. Th& baij i ..was cam jlna was veuj heavij.........................................................................................
2 (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.)
T h e ....................................................................................................................................................................
3 (I’m wearing shoes. They aren’t very comfortable.)
T he sh o es.........................................................................................................................................................
4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn’t come.)
T h e ....................................................................................................................................................................
102.3 You ask your frie n d som e q u estio n s. C om plete th e sen ten c es.
1 Your friend stayed at a hotel. You ask:
W h at’s the name o f
hotel you ...stAyed..i.flTfc...............................................................................
2 Your friend was talking to some people. You ask:
W h o are the p e o p le ...................................................................................................................................
3 Your friend was looking for some keys. You ask:
Did you find t h e .........................................................................................................................................
4 Your friend is going to a party. You ask:
W here is t h e ................................................................................................................................................
5 Your friend was talking about a film. You ask:
W h a t’s the name o f ....................................................................................................................................
6 Your friend is listening to some music. You ask:
W h at’s t h a t...................................................................................................................................................
7 Your friend was waiting for a letter. You ask:
Did you g e t ..................................................................................................................................................
}
?
?
?
?
?
?
10 2 .4 C om plete th e q u estio n s. Use w here.
1 John stayed at a hotel. You ask him:
Did you lik e the- hotel inhereyou stayed.......................................................................................... ?
2 Sue had dinner in a restaurant.You ask her:
W h at’s the name o f the restaurant.......................................................................................................... ?
3 Sarah lives in a village. You ask her:
H o w big is t h e ............................................................................................................................................ ?
4 R ichard works in a factory. You ask him:
W here exactly is ........................................................................................................................................ ?
215
at 8 o'clock
on Monday
in April
at
at
□ I start work at 8 o ’clock.
□ T he shops close at 5.30.
8 o ’clock
10.30
m idnight etc.
on
m o n
I
Sunday(s) / Monday(s) etc.
25 April / 6 June etc.
N ew Year’s Day etc.
6
----- *j
□ Bye! I’ll see you on Friday.
□ W hat do you usually do on
Sundays?
□ T he concert is o n 22 N ovem b er.
in
R
1[f
%3 4
s
ip n
la
16I'T
Hto 3i !«l 2A-al?
So
to
in
□ I’m going on holiday in O ctober.
□ Emma was born in 1983.
□ T he park is beautiful in spring.
April/June etc.
2003/1968 etc.
sum m er/spring etc.
We say:
at
at
at
at
at
the w eek en d
n igh t
C hristm as / at Easter
the en d o f ...
th e m o m e n t
□
□
□
□
□
Are you going away at the weekend?
I can’t sleep at night.
W here will you be at Christmas? (but o n Christmas Day)
I’m going on holiday at the end o f O ctober.
Are you busy at the m om en t?
in the m o r n in g / in the aftern oon / in the evenin g
□ I always feel good in the m orn in g.
□ D o you often go out in the evening?
but
on M onday m o r n in g / on Tuesday aftern oon / on Friday evenin g / o n Saturday
night etc. :
□ I’m m eeting Joanne on M onday m orn in g.
□ Are you doing anything on Saturday night?
We do not use a t /o n /in before:
this ... (this m o r n in g / this w eek etc.)
last ... (last A u gu st / last w eek etc.)
n ext ... (next M onday / n ext w eek etc.)
every ... (every day / every w eek etc.)
□ Are you going out this evening?
□ We go on holiday every su m m er.
Last
su m m er we w ent to Canada.
□ I’m leaving n ext M onday.
(not on next Monday)
in five m in u tes / in a fe w days / in six w eeks / in tw o years etc.
□ Hurry!
□
now
in five m in u tes
in/at/on (places) -» Units 106-107
T he train leaves in five m inutes.
(= it leaves five minutes from now)
Bye! I’ll see you in a few days.
(= a few days from now)
Exercises
103.1
W rite a t/o n /in .
.. 9.1..... 6 June
.. it1...... the evening
..........half past two
........... Wednesday
............ 1997
............September
1
9
3
4
5
6
1 0 3 .2
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
...... ...... 24 Septem ber
.............Thursday
............. 11.45
............. Christmas Day
..... .......Christmas
the m orning
......
...... ...... Friday m orning
Saturday night
......
night
......
...... ...... the end o f the day
.............the weekend
winter
......
W rite a t/o n /in .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
103 .3
Unit 1 0 3
Bye! See you f;n Friday.
W here were y o u
28 February?
I got u p
8 o ’clock this m orning.
I like getting up e a rly .......... the m orning.
M y sister got m a rrie d
May.
Diane and I first m e t
1991.
Did you go out
Tuesday?
Did you go o u t ............Tuesday evening?
D o you often go o u t
the evening?
L et’s m e e t
7.30 tom orrow evening.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
I often go aw ay
the weekend.
I’m starting my new j o b
3 July.
We often go to the b e a c h
summer.
George isn’t h e r e ........... the m om ent.
Jane’s birthday i s
December.
D o you w o r k
Saturdays?
T he company sta rte d
1989.
I like to look at the stars
night.
I’ll send you the m o n e y
the end o f
the m onth.
Look a t Lisa's diary fo r next week and com plete the sentences.
'■THU RSPRy
p tlO N O A Y
Vu a s p A y
/Y)eeb Sam a t 2 -J/i
'tfhV N E SD H y
Driving leaon io'ci0ri-\
'f f u p n y
~
P hone c h r is
C inem a, ('eyenm g \
f a r b y ( e ve n in g ')
'jU N P R y
Lisa is going to the c in e m a .9*1. Wsdr.e.sd&y evenino
She has to phone C h r is ........................................................
She isn’t doing anything special..........................................
She’s got a driving lesso n .....................................................
She’s going to a p a r ty ............................................................
She’s m eeting S a m ..................................................................
1 0 3 .4
W rite sentences w ith in ... .
1
2
3
4
1 0 3 .5
It’s 8.25 now. The train leaves at 8.30.
It’s M onday today. I’ll call you on Thursday.
Today is 14 June. M y exam is on 28 June.
It’s 3 o ’clock now. Tom will be here at 3.30.
The {raxn le<x.ves Jr. five m inutes.
I’l l .................................................................
M y ................................................................
T o m ..............................................................
days.
W rite a t/o n /in if necessary. Som etim es th e sentence is already com plete, and no word
is necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 W hat are you d o in g
the weekend?
I’m g o in g
on Friday.
I’m. g o in g
7 next Friday, (already complete) 8 I phone R o b e r t
every Sunday.
9 Shall we play ten n is
next Sunday?
I always feel tire d
the evening.
10 I can’t go to the p a rty
Sunday.
Will you be at h o m e
this evening?
11 I’m going out. I’ll be b ac k
an hour.
We went to F ran ce
last summer.
12 I don’t often go o u t ..............night.
Laura was born ............. 1990.
2 17
from ... to
until
since
for
from ... to
□ We lived in Japan from 1992 to 2001.
□ I w ork from M onday to Friday.
You can also say from ... until ... :
□ We lived in Japan from 1992 until 2001.
from M on d ay to Friday
M onday
Friday
until ...
□ T hey’re going away tomorrow.
T hey’ll be away until Friday.
u ntil
□ 1 went to bed early, but I wasn’t tired.
I read a book until 3 o ’clock.
□ Wait here until I c o m e back.
You can also say till (= until):
□ Wait here till I coine back.
Friday
D ecem ber
3 o ’clock
I com e back
Com pare:
□ ‘H o w lo n g will you be away?’
□ ‘W h en are you com ing back?’
until Friday
Friday
‘U n til Monday.’
‘O n Monday.’
since + a tim e in the past (to now)
We use since after the present perfect (have been / have d on e etc.):
since
M onday
1998
2.30
I arrived
Compare:
□ We lived
We lived
□ N o w we
We have
□ Joe is in hospital. H e has been
in hospital since M onday.
(= from M onday to now)
since M onday
□ Sue and Dave have been
m arried since 1968.
M onday
(= from 1968 to now)
□ It has been raining since I arrived.
non'
in Japan from 1992 to 2001.
in Japan until 2001.
live in Canada. We came to Canada in 2001.
lived in Canada since 2001. (= from 2001 until now)
We use for (n o t since) + a period o f time (three days / ten years etc.):
□ Joe has been in hospital for three days. (not since three days)
for + a period o f time
for
three days
ten years
five minutes
a long time
□ Gary stayed w ith us for
three days.
□ I’m going away for
Sunday
a few weeks.
□ I’m going away for the w eekend.
□ T h ey ’ve been m arried for ten years.
present perfect + for/since -> Units 18-19
for three days
M onday
Tuesday
present perfect (I have lived) and past simple (I lived) -> Unit 20
Exercises
104.1
Unit 1 0 4
Read the in fo rm atio n and com plete the sentences. Use fro m ... to / u n til / since.
/'T liv e in England now.
I lived in Canada
before.
I came to England in
CI.ARF,
K A R EN
A LEX
/ H i v e in Switzerland
1999.
now.
I lived in France before.
I came to Switzerland
in 2003.
.
(Alex / Canada / 1991 —» 1999)
(Alex / Canada / —> 1999)
(Alex / England / 1999 —>)
(Karen / France / —> 2003)
(Karen / Switzerland / 2003 —*)
(Clare / a hotel / 1998-2001)
(Clare / a restaurant / 2001 —>)
(Adam / a teacher / 1992—1998)
(Adam / a journalist / 1998 —>)
/T w o r k in a restaurant
now.
I worked in a hotel before,
I started work in the
restaurant in 2001.
Alex liv e d
ADAM
I’m a journalist now.
I was a teacher
before.
I started work as a
journalist in 1998. /
hn CorvuU. -from 1991 to 1995................
Alex lived in C a n a d a ................................................. 1999
Alex has lived in E n g la n d .................................................
Karen lived in ......................................................................
Karen has lived in ................................................................
Clare w o rk e d .......................................... 1998..................
Clare has w o rk e d ................................................................
Adam was a ..........................................................................
Adam has b e e n ....................................................................
Now w rite sentences w ith fo r.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1 04 .2
(Alex / Canada)
(Alex / England)
(Karen / Switzerland)
(Clare / a hotel)
(Clare / restaurant)
(Adam / a teacher)
(A d a m / a journalist)
Alex lived, in Canada. -for evil it y ia rs
Alex has lived in E n g la n d ...............................
Karen h a s ............................................................
Clare w o rk e d .....................................................
C la re ....................................................................
A d a m ...................................................................
A d a m ...................................................................
W rite u n til/s in ce /fo r.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Sue and Dave have been m arried
Since
1968.
I was tired this m orning. I stayed in b e d ........................ 10 o ’clock.
We waited for S u e ......................... half an hour, but she didn’t come.
‘Have you just arrived?’
‘N o, I’ve been h e r e
half past seven.’
‘H ow long did you stay at the party last night?’
‘........................midnight.’
Dan and I are good friends. We have know n each o t h e r ....................... ten years.
I’m tired. I’m going to lie d o w n ........................ a few minutes.
D o n ’t open the door o f the tr a in ........................ the train stops.
This is my house. I’ve lived h e r e ........................ I was seven years old.
Jack has gone away. H e ’ll be aw ay ........................Wednesday.
N ex t week I’m going to P a ris........................ three days.
1 usually finish work at 5.30, but sometimes I w o r k ......................... six.
‘H ow long have you know n Anna?’
‘......................... we were at school together.’
W here have you been? I’ve been waiting lor you ......................... twenty minutes.
219
before
a fter
during
while
before, d u rin g and after
b efore
d urin g the film
□ Everybody feels nervous b efore exam s.
□ I fell asleep d urin g the film .
□ We were tired after our visit to the museum.
before, w h ile
andafter
b e fo r e we played
w h ile we were playing
after we played
□ D o n ’t forget to close the w indow b e fo r e y o u g o o u t.
□ I often fall asleep w h ile I’m rea d in g .
□ T hey w ent hom e after th e y did th e sh o p p in g .
d u r in g , w h ile and fo r
We use d u r in g + n o u n (during th e film ). We use w h ile + verb (while I ’m reading):
□ We didn’t speak d u r in g th e m ea l.
but
We didn’t speak w h ile w e w e r e ea tin g . (not during we were eating)
Use fo r (not during) + a period o f tim e (three days / tw o h o u rs / a year etc.):
□ We played tennis fo r tw o h o u rs. (n o t during two hours)
□ I lived in London fo r a year. (not during a year)
You can use b e fo r e /a fte r + - in g (b efo re g o in g / after e a tin g etc.):
□ I always have breakfast b e fo r e g o in g to work. (= before I go to work)
□ A fte r d o in g the shopping, they w ent home. (= after they did)
R em em ber we say b e fo r e g o in g (not before to go), after d o in g (not after to do) etc. :
□ B e fo r e e a tin g the apple, I washed it carefully, (not before to eat)
□ I started w ork after re a d in g the newspaper. (no t after to read)
past continuous (I was -ing) -» Units 1 3 -1 4
prepositions + -ing -» Unit 112
before/after/while/when -» Unit 98
for -» Unit 104
Exercises
105.1
Unit 1 0 5
C om plete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
after
before
during
while
+
lunch
the concert
the course
the end
the exam
the night
they w ent to Australia
you’re waiting
1
2
3
4
5
6
Everybody was n e rv o u s oe/fbre th e e,XfXrr>..........................................................................................
1 usually work four hours in the m orning, and another three h o u r s ...............................................
T he film was really boring. We l e f t ..........................................................................................................
Anna went to evening classes to learn Germ an. She learnt a l o t .....................................................
M y aunt and uncle lived in London ........................................................................................................
A: Somebody broke a w in d o w ................................................................... Did you hear anything?
B: N o, I was asleep all the time.
7 W ould you like to sit d o w n ..................................................................................................................... ?
8 ‘Are you going h o m e ................................................. ?’
‘Yes, I have to get up early tom orrow.’
105.2 W rite d u rin g /w h ile/fo r.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
We didn’t sp ea k while
we were eating.
We didn’t speak
dadi'.q..... the meal.
Gary called
you were out.
I stayed in R o m e ......................... five days.
Sally didn’t read any new spapers
she was on holiday.
T he students looked very b o re d
the lesson.
I fell out o f b e d ........................ I was asleep.
Last night I watched T V .............. three
hours.
I d o n ’t usually watch T V ............... the
day.
D o you ever watch T V ........................you are having dinner?
105.3 C o m p lete th e sen ten c es. Use -in g (doing, hav in g etc.).
1
2
3
4
5
6
A fte r dxionq
the shopping, they went home.
I felt sick a fte r.............................. too m uch chocolate.
I’m going to ask you a question. T hink carefully b e fo re ................................it.
I felt, awful when I got up this m orning. I felt better a fte r................................a shower.
A fte r
my work, I left the office and went home.
B e fo re .............................. to a foreign country, you should try and learn a little o f the
language.
1 0 5 .4 W rite se n te n c e s w ith b e fo re + -in g and a f te r + -in g .
1 They did the shopping. T hen they went home.
A fte r d.oir.q th e ikcppffiq, they went borne..............................
2 John left school. T hen he worked in a bookshop for two years.
John w o rk e d ...................................................................................................................................................
3 I read for a few minutes. T hen I w ent to sleep.
Before ...............................................................................................................................................................
4 We walked for three hours. We were very tired.
A fte r..................................................................................................................................................................
5 L et’s have a cup o f coffee. T hen w e’ll go out.
L et’s ...................................................................................................................................................................
221
in
at
on
in
in
in
in
□
□
□
□
□
□
(places 1)
a room
a shop
a car
the water
in
in
in
in
a garden
a town
the city centre
Brazil
‘W h ere’s David?’
‘In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In L on d on .’
W h a t’s in that b ox / in that bag / in that cupboard?
R achel works in a shop / in a bank / in a factory.
I w ent for a swim in the river / in the p o o l / in the sea.
M ilan is in the north o f Italy. Naples is in the south.
I live in a b ig city, but I’d like to live in the country.
at the bus stop
at the door
at the traffic lights
□ T h ere’s somebody at the bus stop / at the door.
□ T h e car is waiting at the traffic lights.
□ Jane is w orking at her desk.
at the top / at the b o tto m / at the end (o f...):
□ W rite your name at the top o f the page.
□ M y house is at the end o f the street.
1
at her desk
the top (of the page)
^
r
.
at the bottom (or the page)
on
_
1
*
□
□
□
□
T here
T here
D on’t
There
HH
on
on
on
on
a shelf
a plate
a balcony
the floor
etc.
on a wall
on a door
on the ceiling
etc.
are some books on the sh elf and some pictures on the wall.
are a lot o f apples on those trees.
sit on the grass. It’s wet.
is a stamp on the envelope.
on a h orse / on a b icycle / on a m otorbike:
□ W ho is that m an on the m otorbike?
the top I the bottom etc. —> Unit 70
at/on/in (time) -» Unit 103
in/at/on (places 2) -» Unit 107
Exercises
Unit 1 0 6
106.1 Look a t the pictures and answer the questions. Use in /a t/o n .
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 0 6 .2
W here is he?
Inthe k ltffie r.......................
W here are the shoes? .....................................
W here is the pen? ............................................
W here is the clock? .......................................
W here is the bus? .............................................
W here are the horses? .....................................
7
8
9
10
11
12
W here are they standing?
W here is she swimming?
W here is he standing? .....
W here is the spider? ....
W here is he sitting? ........
W here is she sitting? .......
W rite in /a t/o n .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
D o n ’t s i t
the grass. It’s wet.
W hat have you g o t .............. your bag?
Look! T here’s a m a n ............ the roof. W hat’s he doing?
T here are a lot o f fis h ............ this river.
O u r house is num ber 45 —the num ber i s ............ the door.
‘Is the post office near here?’
‘Yes, turn le f t ............ the traffic lights.’
It’s difficult to p a r k
the centre o f town. It’s better to take the bus.
M y sister lives
Brussels.
T h ere’s a small p a r k
the top o f the hill.
I think I heard the doorbell. T here’s so m eb o d y ............ the door.
M unich is a large c ity ............ the south o f Germany.
T here are a few shops ............ the end o f the street.
It’s difficult to carry a lot o f th in g s
a bicycle.
1 looked at the list o f names. M y name w a s
the bottom .
T here is a m irro r.............. the w a ll............... the living room.
223
in
at
on
(places 2)
in
in bed
□ ‘W here’s Kate?’
in hospital
□ David's father is ill. H e ’s in hospital.
in the sky
□ I like to look at the stars in the sky a t night.
in the world
□ W hat’s the largest city in the world?
in a newspaper / in a book
□ I read about the accident in the new spaper.
in a photograph / in a picture
□ You look sad in this p hotograph.
in a car / in a taxi
D Did you come here in you r car?
in the middle ( o f ...)
□ T here’s a big tree in the m id d le o f the garden.
‘She’s in bed.’
at
at hom e
□ Will you be at h o m e this evening?
at w ork / at school
□ ‘W here’s Kate?’
at university / at college
O Helen is studying law at university.
at the station / at the airport
□ I’ll m eet you at the station, OK?
at Jane’s (house) / at my sister’s (house) /
at the d o cto r’s / at the hairdresser’s
etc.
□ A:
at a concert / at a party / at a football
m atch etc.
B:
‘She’s at w ork.’
W here were you yesterday?
A t m y sister’s.
□ I saw Tom at the d o cto r’s.
□ There w eren’t many people at the party,
O ften it is possible to use in or at for buildings (hotels, restaurants etc.):
□ We stayed at a nice hotel, or We stayed in a nice hotel.
on
o n a bus
on a bus / o n a train / on a plane /
on a ship
□ Did you come here on the bus?
on the ground floor / on the first floor
etc.
□ T he office is on the first floor.
(not in the first floor)
on the way (to . ..) / on the way hom e
□ I m et Ann on th e way to work / on the way
home.
in/at/on (places 1) -» Unit 106
to/in/at -» Unit 108
on the left/right -» Unit 109
Exercises
107.1
Unit 107
Look a t the pictures and answer th e questions. Use in /a t/o n .
1 (hospital)
5 (the sky)
2 (the airport)
Cnee* - IH
3 (bed)
6 (a party)
7 (the doctor’s)
JM'J
8 (the second floor)
ST EV E
9 (work)
1
2
3
4
5
6
107.2
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
11 (a taxi)
10 (a plane)
is she? .....by kcspiiiU. ............
are they? ...................................
is he? .........................................
are they? .................................
are the stars? ..........................
are they? ...................................
............
...........
...........
7
8
9
.......... 10
........... 11
........... 12
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
W here
12 (a wedding)
is Steve? ...............................................
is the restaurant? .................................
is she? ...................................................
are they? ...........................................
are they? ............................................
are they? ............................................
W rite in /a t/o n .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
H elen is studying la w
.... university.
T here was a big ta b le
the middle o f the room.
W hat is the longest riv e r
the world?
Were there many p e o p le
the concert last night?
Will you b e
hom e tom orrow afternoon?
W ho is the m a n
this photograph? D o you know him?
W here are your children? Are th e y
school?
Gary is com ing by train. I’m going to m eet h i m
the station.
Charlie i s ............. hospital. H e had an operation yesterday.
H ow many pages are th e r e
this book?
‘Are you hungry after your journey?’‘No, I had som ething to e a t
I’m sorry I’m late. M y car broke d o w n
the way here.
‘Is Tom here?’
‘No, h e’s
his brother’s.’
D o n ’t believe everything you s e e
the newspaper!
I walked to work, but I came h o m e
the bus.
the train.’
225
to
in
at
(places 3)
to
in /a t (-» Units 106-107)
g o /c o m e /r e tu r n /w a lk (etc.) to ...
b e /s ta y /d o so m e th in g (etc.) in ..
□ W e’re g o in g to L on d on on Sunday.
□ I w ant to go to Italy next year.
□ We w alked from my house to the
centre o f tow n.
□ W hat time do you go to bed?
□ Piccadilly Circus is in L ondon.
□ My brother lives in Italy.
□ T he main shops are in the centre
o f tow n.
□ I like reading in bed.
b e /sta y /d o so m e th in g (etc.) at ...
□
□
□
□
T h e bus is g o in g to the airport.
Karen didn’t go to w ork yesterday.
I w e n t to a party last night.
You m ust c o m e to our house.
□
□
□
□
T he bus is at the airport.
Sarah w asn ’t at w ork yesterday.
I m e t a lo t o f p eo p le at the party.
Helen stayed at her brother’s house.
hom e
g o /c o m e /w a lk (etc.) h o m e (without to)
□ I’m tired. I’m g o in g h om e.
(not to home)
□ D id you w alk hom e?
b e /s ta y /d o so m e th in g (etc.) at hom e:
□ I’m staying at h o m e tonight.
□ Dan doesn’t go to an office. He
works at h om e.
arrive and get
arrive in a country or town (arrive in Italy / arrive in Paris etc.):
□ T hey arrived in E ngland last week. (not arrived to England)
arrive at other places (arrive at the station / arrive at w ork etc.):
□ W hat time did you arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the hotel)
get to (a place):
□ W hat time did you get to the hotel?
□ W hat time did you get to Paris?
get h o m e / arrive h o m e (no preposition):
□ I was tired w hen I g o t h o m e, or I was tired w hen I arrived h o m e.
been to -» Unit 17
get (to ...) —» U n i t 56
in/at -» Units 106-107
Exercises
Unit 1 0 8
108.1 W rite to or in.
1 I like read in g ill
bed.
2 W e’re g o in g
Italy next m onth.
3 Sue is on h oliday
Italy at the
m om ent.
4 I have to g o
the bank today.
5
6
7
8
I was tired, so I stayed
bed late.
W hat time do you usually g o
bed?
Does this bus g o
the centre?
W ould you like to liv e
another
country?
1 08 .2 W rite to or a t if necessary. One sentence is already com plete, and no word is necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Paula didn’t g o $9.
work yesterday.
I’m tired. I’m g o in g 3
home, (already complete)
T ina is not very well. She has g o n e
the doctor.
W ould you like to c o m e
a party on Saturday?
‘Is L iz
hom e?’
‘N o, she’s g o n e
work.’
T here were 20,000 p e o p le
the football match.
W hy did you g o
hom e early last night?
A boy jum ped into the river and sw am
the other side.
T here were a lot o f people w a itin g
the bus stop.
We had a good m e a l........a restaurant,and then we went b a c k
the hotel.
1 08 .3 W rite to , a t or in if necessary. One sentence is already com plete, and no word is
necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
I’m not going out this afternoon. I’m staying M
home.
W e’re g o in g
a concert tom orrow evening.
I w ent
N ew York last year.
H o w long did you sta y
N ew York?
N ex t year we hope to g o
Canada to visit some friends.
D o you want to go
the cinema this evening?
Did you park your c a r ........... the station?
After the accident three people were ta k e n
hospital.
H ow often do you g o
the dentist?
‘Is Sarah here?’
‘N o, she’s
H elen’s.’
M y house i s
the end o f the street on the left.
I w ent
M aria’s house, but she wasn’t
home.
T here were no taxis, so we had to w a lk ........... home.
‘W h o did you m e e t.......... the party?’‘I didn’t g o
the party.’
1 0 8 .4 W rite to , a t or in if necessary. Som etim es the sentence is already com plete, and no
word is necessary.
1 W hat time do you usually g e t
2 W hat time do you usually g e t
3 W hat time did you a rriv e
work?
home?
the party?
4 W hen did you a rriv e
London?
5 W hat time does the train g e t
Paris?
6 We a rriv e d
hom e very late.
1 0 8 .5 C om plete these sentences about yourself. Use to /in /a t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
At three o ’clock this m orning I w a s in bed........................................................................................
Yesterday I w e n t.............................................................................................................................................
At I I o ’clock yesterday m orning I w a s ...................................................................................................
O n e day I’d like to g o ..................................................................................................................................
I d o n ’t like g o in g ...........................................................................................................................................
At 9 o ’clock yesterday evening I w a s .......................................................................................................
2 27
under, behind, opposite etc.
n ex t to / b esid e / b etw een / in front o f / beh in d
A
B
D
E
is n ext to B. or A is b esid e B.
is b etw een A and C.
is in front o f B.
is beh in d B.
also
A is on the left.
C is on the right.
B is in the m id d le (of the group).
o p p o site / in front o f
A is sitting in front o f B.
A is sitting o p p o site C.
C is sitting o p p o site A.
by (= n ext to / beside)
□ O u r house is by the sea. (= beside the sea)
□ W ho is that m an standing by the w indow ?
□ If you feel cold, why don’t you sit by the fire?
by the w indow
under
□ T he cat is under the table.
□ T he girl is standing und er a tree.
□ I’m wearing a jacket und er m y coat.
under the table
under a tree
above and b elow
T he pictures are
above the shelves.
A is above the line.
(= higher than the line)
B
228
B is b elow the line.
(= lower than the line)
up/over/through etc. -» Unit 110
by -» Unit 111
Mill III illII
I lliillmu
T he shelves are
b elow the pictures.
Unit 1 09
Exercises
109.1 W h ere are the people in the picture? C om plete th e sentences.
A
lan
D
1 09 .2
—
B a r ba r ji
E
onna
C
o l in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
C olin is stan d in g .... behind. .. Frank.
Frank is s ittin g ...................... . Emma.
Ennna is sittin g ..................... ... Barbara.
Emma is s ittin g ..................... ... D onna and Frank
D onna is sittin g .................... .... Emma.
Frank is s ittin g ...................... Colin.
Alan is stan d in g .................... .... Donna.
Alan is stan d in g .................... .... left.
Barbara is stan d in g ............... ....... middle.
Frank
mma
Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences.
PAUL
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 09 .3
T he cat i s u n d e r
tbe table.
7 T he switch.i s .......................... the window.
T here is a big t r e e
the house.
8 T he cupboard i s ........................ the sink.
T h e plane is fly in g ....................... the clouds. 9 T here are some sh o es
the bed.
10 T he plant i s ....................... the piano.
She is standing.........................the piano.
11 Paul is sittin g ........................ Fiona.
T he cinema i s .........................the right.
12 In Britain people d riv e ....................... the left.
She’s sittin g ....................... the phone.
W rite sentences ab o u t the picture.
PAUL’ S O FFIC E
SUPERMARKET
THEATRE
1 (next to)
The bcui< if> next to th e bookshop.
2 (in front of) T h e .................................... in front o f
3 (opposite)
4 (next to)
5 (above)
FOUNT. IW U b —
......................................................................
........................................................................
...........................................................................
6 (between)
......................................................................
229
up, over, through etc.
□ Jane is going to France next week.
□ We walked from the hotel to the station.
□ A lot o f English words come from Latin.
to
■
□ We jum ped in to the water.
□ A man came ou t o f the house and got
in to a car.
□ W hy are you looking ou t o f the window?
□ I took the old batteries ou t o f the radio.
■
in to (in)
□
□
□
□
□
_Y_l
D o n ’t put your feet on the table.
Please take your feet off" the table.
I’m going to hang some pictures on the wall.
Be careful! D o n ’t fall o f f your bicycle.
We got on the bus in Princes Street.
□ We walked up the hill to the house.
□ Be careful! D o n ’t fall d ow n the stairs.
th rough
r
X
□ A bird flew into the room through a
window.
□ T he old road goes through the village.
□ The new road goes round the village.
□ T he bus stop is just round the corner.
□ I walked round the town and took
some photographs.
You can also use around (= round):
□ We walked around the town.
along
0
0
y
under
round
round the tow n
□ I was walking alon g the road with my dog.
□ Let’s go for a walk along the river.
□ T he dog swam across the river.
Past
230
o ff
\ . d ow n
□ T he plane flew over the m ountains.
□ I jum ped over the wall into the garden.
□ Some people say it is unlucky to walk
under a ladder.
over
” “ ~
out o f
We say p u t som ething in ... (not usually into):
□ I p u t new batteries in the radio.
on
“
from
get in/on etc. -» Unit 56
□ They walked past me w ithout speaking.
□ A: Excuse me, how do I get to the hospital?
B: Go along this road, past the cinema,
under the bridge and the hospital is
on the left.
in/on -» Units 106-107
to -» Unit 108
hospital
>bridge
fall o ff / run away etc. -» Unit 114
Exercises
110.1
Unit 110
Som ebody asks you how to g et to a place. You
say w hich way to go. Look a t the pictures and
w rite sentences beginning Go . . . .
(
Excwse roe
where ts
?
110.2 Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
110.3
T he dog sw am o . o r o ^
die river.
A book fe ll.......................the shelf.
A plane fle w ....................... the village.
A wom an g o t ....................... the car.
A girl r a n ....................... the road.
6 Suddenly a car c a m e ...................... the corner.
7 They d ro v e .......................... the village.
8 They g o t ....................... the train.
9 T he m oon travels
the earth.
10 They g o t ................ the house
a window.
Com plete the sentences. Use o v e r/fro m /in to etc.
1
2
3
I
5
6
7
8
I lo o k e d
the w indow and watched the people in the street.
M y house is very near here. It’s j u s t .........................the corner.
‘W h ere’s my phone?’
‘You put i t ........................ your bag.’
H o w far is it .......................here
the airport?
We w a lk e d ....................... the museum for an hour and saw a lot o f interesting things.
You can put your c o a t....................... the back o f the chair.
In tennis, you have to hit the b a ll.........................the net.
Silvia took a k e y ....................... her bag and opened the door.
231
Unit
111
on
at
by
w ith
about
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
h olid ay
telev ision
the radio
the p h on e
fire
tim e (= not late)
□
□
□
□
□
□
Jane isn’t at w ork this week. She’s o n holiday.
We watched the news on television.
We listened to the news on the radio.
I spoke to R achel on the p h on e last night.
The house is on fire! Call the fire brigade.
‘Was the train late?’
‘No, it was on tim e.’
at
at (the age of) 21 / at 50 k ilom etres an h our / at 100 d egrees etc. :
□ Lisa got m arried at 21. (or ... at the age o f 21.)
□ A car uses m ore petrol at 120 kilom etres an h our than at 90.
□ W ater boils at 100 d egrees Celsius.
by
by bus
by car / by bus / by plane / by bike etc. :
□ D o you like travelling by train?
□ Jane usually goes to work by bike.
but o n foot:
□ You can’t get there by car. You have to
go o n fo o t. (= you have to walk)
a b o o k by ... / a painting b y . . . / a piece
o f music by ... etc. :
□ Have you read any books by Charles
D ickens?
□ W h o is that painting by? Picasso?
the title "
by
the writer -
by after the passive (—* U nit 21):
□ I was bitten by a dog.
D
w ith /w ith o u t
□ D id you stay at a hotel or w ith friends?
□ Wait for me. Please don’t go w ith o u t m e.
□ D o you like your coffee w ith or w ith o u t milk?
□ I cut the paper w ith a pair o f scissors.
a man w ith a beard / a wom an w ith glasses etc. :
□ D o you know that man w ith the beard?
□ I’d like to have a house w ith a b ig garden.
a man
w ith a beard
a woman
w ith glasses
about
ta lk /sp ea k /th in k /h e a r/k n o w about ... :
□ Some people talk ab out their w ork all the time.
□ I d o n ’t k n ow m uch ab out cars.
a b o o k / a q u estion / a p rogram m e / in fo rm a tio n (etc.) about ... :
□ T here was a p rogram m e about volcanoes on TV last night. Did you see it?
232
by -» Units 21, 63, 109
at/on -» Units 103, 106-107
preposition + -ing - * Unit 112
Exercises
111.1
Unit 111
Com plete the sentences. Use on + these words:
h olid ay
1
2
3
4
5
the p h on e
4he fadio-
television
tim e
We heard the n e w s on th e rftcUo......
Please don’t be late. I ry to be h e r e ........................................................
1 w o n ’t be here next week. I’m g o in g ........................................................
‘Did you see Linda?’
‘No, but I talked to h e r ........................................................’
‘W h at’s ..................................................... this evening?’
‘N othing that 1 want to watch.’
111.2 Look a t the pictures. Com plete th e sentences w ith a t/b y /w ith etc.
1 I cut the p a p e r .W<#1 a p;tjr 0f
scissors.
2 She usually goes to w o r k
car.
3 W h o is the w o m a n
short hair?
4 They are talk in g
the weather.
5 T h e car i s
fire.
111.3
6
7
8
9
10
She’s listening to some m u sic
M ozart.
T he plane is fly in g
600 miles an hour.
T hey’r e
holiday.
D o you know the m a n
sunglasses?
H e ’s reading a b o o k
gramm ar
Vera P. Bull.
C om plete the sentences. Use a t/b y /w ith etc.
1
2
3
4
D
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
In tennis, you hit the b a ll
a racket.
It’s cold today. D o n ’t go o u t
a coat.
H a m let, O thello and M acbeth are plays
William Shakespeare.
D o you know a n y th in g
computers?
M y grandm other d i e d
the age o f 98.
H ow long does it take from N ew York to Los A ngeles
plane?
I d idn’t go to the football match, but I w atched i t
television.
M y house is the o n e
the red door on the right.
These trains are very fast. They can trav e l
very high speeds.
1 d o n ’t use my car very often. I prefer to g o
bike.
Can you give me some in fo rm atio n
hotels in this town?
1 was a rrested
two policem en and taken to the police station.
T h e buses here are very good. T hey’re nearly alw ays............ time.
W hat would you like to d r in k
your meal?
W e travelled from Paris to M o sc o w
train.
T h e museum has some p ain tin g s
R em brandt.
233
afraid o f ... , good a t ... etc.
o f/a t/fo r etc. (prepositions) + -in g
afraid o f ... / g o o d at ... etc. (adjective + preposition)
I
I
afraid o f ...
□ Are yon afraid o f dogs?
an gry w ith somebody
□ W hy are you an gry w ith me? W hat have I done?
an gry a b ou t som ething
□ Are you an gry ab out last night? (= som ething that
happened last night)
different fr o m ...
or different to ...
□ Lisa is very different from (or to) her sister.
fed up w ith ...
□ I’m fed up w ith my job. I w ant to do something
different. (= I’ve had enough o f my job)
full o f ...
□ T he room was full o f peop le.
g o o d at ...
□ Are you g o o d at maths?
interested in ...
□ I’m not interested in sport.
m arried to ...
□ Sue is m arried to a dentist. (= her husband is a
dentist)
n ic e /k in d o f som ebody to ...
□ It was kind o f you to help us. T hank you very much.
be n ic e /k in d to somebody
□ David is very friendly. H e ’s always very n ice to me.
sorry a b ou t a situation
Q I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m sorry ab out that.
sorry fo r /a b o u t doing
som ething
□ I’m sorry fo r /a b o u t not phoning you yesterday.
(or I’m sorry I didn’t phone you)
I be/feel sorry for somebody
□ I feel sorry for them. They are in a very difficult
situation.
o f /a t /f o r (etc.) + -in g
After a preposition (o f/a t/fo r etc.), a verb ends in -ing:
I’m not very good at
Are you fed up w ith
I’m sorry for
T hank you for
M ark is thinking o f
Tom left w ith o u t
A fter
telling
d oin g
not p h on in g
h elp in g
b uyin g
saying
d oin g
before/after -ing -» Unit 105
stories.
the same thing every day?
you yesterday.
me.
a new car.
goodbye. (= he didn’t say goodbye)
the shopping, they w ent home.
think about/of-» Unit 113
Exercises
Unit 112
112.1 Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences w ith o f/w ith /in etc.
1 H e ’s afraid Pf. dogs.
2 She’s in terested
science.
3 She’s m a rrie d ............ a footballer.
/ can I help
4 She’s very g o o d
languages.
5 H e ’s fed.u p ............. the weather.
6 A: Can Ihelp you?
B: Thanks, that’s very k i n d
you.
112.2 C om plete the sentences w ith in /o f/w ith etc.
I’m not in terested ... lb
sport.
I'm not very g o o d ................. sport.
I like Sarah. She’s always very k i n d .................. me.
I’m s o r r y
your broken window. It was an
accident.
H e ’s very brave. H e isn’t afraid .....................anything.
It was very n ic e ................... Jane to let us stay in her apartment.
Life today is very different....................life 50 years ago.
Are you interested ....................politics?
I feel s o rry .................. her, but I can’t help her.
C hris was a n g ry .................. what happened.
These boxes are very heavy. They are fu ll.................... books.
I’m s o rry ...................getting a n g ry ......................you yesterday.
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
112.3 C om plete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I’rn not v e r y (joed, ft-fc teiitr.f) stories, (good/tell)
I wanted to go to the cinema, but Paula wasn’t ..................................................... (interested/go)
Sue isn’t v e r y .........................................................................up in the m orning, (good/get)
L et’s go! I’m ......................................................................... (fed up / wait)
I’m ....................................................................... you up in the middle o f the night, (sorry/wake)
Sorry I'm late! ....................................................................... (thank you / wait)
1 12 .4 Com plete the sentences. Use w ith o u t -in g .
1 (Tom left / he didn’t say goodbye)
2 (Sue walked past me / she didn’t speak)
Sue w a lk e d ....................................................
3 (don’t do anything / ask m e first)
D o n ’t ..............................................................
4 (1 w ent out / I didn’t lock the door)
Tom U ft. w ithout r
aocdb'je..........................
I ..............................................................................
112.5
W rite sentences abo u t yourself.
1 (interested)
2
3
I
5
I’m interested, m . sport.
(afraid)
I’m .............................................
(not very good) I’m n o t ....................................
(not interested) ...................................................
(fed up)
...................................................
235
listen to ..., look a t ... etc.
(verb + preposition)
ask (somebody) for ...
□ A man stopped me and asked me for money.
b elo n g to ...
□ Does this book b elo n g to you? (= Is this your
book?)
h appen to ...
□ I can’t find my pen. W h at’s happ en ed to it?
listen to ...
□ L isten to this music. It’s great.
sp eak /talk to somebody about
som ething
□ Did you talk to Paul about the problem?
□ (on the phone) Can I speak to Chris, please?
thank som ebody for ...
□ T hank you very m uch for your help.
think ab out ... or think of . . .
□ H e never thinks about (or of) other people.
□ Mark is thinking o f (or about) buying a new
computer.
w ait for ...
□ Wait for me. I’m nearly ready.
w rite to somebody
□ I couldn’t contact the company by phone. I had to
w rite to them.
□ I’m going to p h on e my parents this evening, (not
phone to my parents)
but p h o n e /c a ll som ebody
(w ith o u t to )
lo o k at / lo o k for / lo o k after
lo o k at
□ H e’s lo o k in g at his watch.
□ L ook at these flowers! T hey’re beautiful.
□ W hy are you lo o k in g at me like that?
lo o k for ...
(= try to find)
She’s lost her key. She’s lo o k in g for it.
□ I’m lo o k in g for Sarah. Have you seen her?
O
lo o k after ...
(= take care of, keep safe)
□ W hen Emily is at work, a friend o f hers looks after
her children.
□ D o n ’t lose this book. L ook after it. (= Keep
it safe.)
depend
We say dep en d on ... :
□
a
: D
B:
o
y o u lik e e a t i n g i n r e s ta u r a n ts ?
Sometimes. It depends on the restaurant, (not it depends o f)
You can say it depends w h a t/w h e r e /h o w (etc.) w ith or w ithout on:
□ a : D o you want to come out w ith us?
B: I t d ep en ds w here y o u ’re g o i n g , or I t depends on w here
wait -» Unit 54
preposition + -ing -» Unit 112
y o u ’re g o i n g .
Exercises
Unit 113
113.1 Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences w ith to /fo r /a t etc.
.Mit'.
1 She’s lo o k in g
2 H e ’s listening
3 T hey’re w a itin g
4 Paul is talk in g
5 T hey’re lo o k in g
6 Sue is lo o k in g
her watch.
the radio.
a taxi.
Jane.
a picture.
Tom.
113.2 Com plete the sentences w ith to /fo r/a b o u t etc. One sentence is already com plete, and
no word is necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Thank you very m u c h
your help.
This isn’t my umbrella. It b elo n g s
a friend o f mine.
(on the phone) Can I sp e a k
Steven Davis, please?
(on the p hone) T hank y o u
calling. Goodbye.
W hat h a p p e n ed .............. Ella last night? W hy didn’t she com e to the party?
W e’re th in k in g
going to Australia next year.
We asked the w a ite r
coffee, but he brought us tea.
‘D o you like reading books?’
‘It d ep e n d s
the book.’
John was talking, but nobody was listen in g
w hat he was saying.
We w a ite d
Karen until 2 o ’clock, but she didn’t come.
If you want to contact me, you can w r i t e
me at this address.
D o n ’t forget to p h o n e
your m other tonight.
H e ’s alone all day. H e never talk s
anybody.
‘H ow much does it cost to stay at this hotel?’
‘It d e p e n d s
the type o f room .’
C atherine is th in k in g
changing her job.
113.3 Com plete these sentences. Use a t/fo r /a fte r .
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 13 .4
I lo o k e d ....................the newspaper, but I didn’t read it carefully.
W hen you are ill, you need som ebody to l o o k ....................you.
Excuse me, I’m lo o k in g .................... Hill Street. Can you tell me where it is?
Goodbye! Have a great holiday and l o o k .................. yourself.
I w ant to take a photograph o f you. Please lo o k .................. the camera and smile.
Barry is lo o k in g ....................a job. H e wants to w ork in a hotel.
Answer these questions w ith It depends ... .
SL
Y\
D o you want to go out w ith us?
D o you like eating in restaurants?
D o you enjoy watching TV?
C an you do som ething for me?
Are you going away this weekend?
C an you lend me some money?
II de?<md:> Khfcn ytu're gptv-.q.
It d.eper.cb. or. tW. rer>t<xura.nf.
It d ep e n d s............................................
I t ............................................................
V
237
go in, fa ll off, run away etc.
(phrasal verbs 1)
A phrasal verb is a verb ( g o /lo o k /b e etc.) + in /o u t/u p /d o w n etc.
m
ou t
LOOK]
■e
OUT
GO IN
□ I waited outside the shop. I didn’t g o in.
□ Sarah opened the door o f the car and
g o t in. (= in to the car)
on
in
□ I went to the w indow and look ed out.
□ T he car stopped and a wom an g o t out.
(= ou t o f the car)
W \
A
i
G E T ON
□ T h e bus came, and I g o t on.
□ Be careful! D o n ’t fall off.
up
dow n
J
I
□ H e sto o d up and left the room.
□ I usually g et up early. (= get out o f
bed)
□ We lo o k ed up at the stars in the sky.
_A -
FALL
D OW N
m
O T he picture fell d ow n.
□ W ould you like to sit down?
□ L ie d ow n on the floor.
back
away or o f f
RUNAW AY
co m e
n T he thief ran away, (or ... ran off)
□ Em m a got into the car and drove
away, (or ... drove ofl)
BACK
□ Go away and d o n ’t c o m e back!
□ We went out for dinner and then w ent
back to our hotel.
b e /g o away (= in /to another place)
□ T im has g o n e away for a few days.
b e back
□ Tim is away. H e ’ll b e back on Monday.
over
round (or around)
CLIM B OVER
□ T h e wall wasn’t very high, so we
clim b ed over.
□ Turn over and look at the next page.
get -» Unit 56
LO O K
ROUND
TURN
OVER
□ Somebody shouted my name, so I
lo o k ed round (or around).
□ We w ent for a long walk. After an hour
we turned round (or around) and
w ent back.
put on / take off etc. (phrasal verbs 2) -» Unit 115
more phrasal verbs -» Appendix 6
Exercises
Unit 114
114.1 Look a t the pictures and com plete the sentences. Use these verbs + in /o u t/u p etc.
got
1
2
3
4
got
look ed
look ed
I w ent to the w indow a n d
T he door was open, so w e
H e heard a plane, so h e
She got on her bike a n d
Locked, o u t
rode
5
6
7
8
sat
turned
w en t
[ said hello, and h e .................
T he bus stopped, and s h e .....
There was a free seat, so she .
A car stopped, and two men
114.2 C om plete the sentences. Use o u t/a w a y /b a c k etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
‘W hat happened to the picture on the wall?’
‘It fell d.own
’
Wait a minute. D o n ’t g o ............................ Iwant to ask you something.
Lisa heard a noise behind her, so she lo o k e d ......................... to see what it was.
I’m g o in g ........................ now to do some shopping. I’ll b e
at 5 o ’clock.
I’m feeling very tired. I’m going to l i e ..........................on the sofa.
W h en you have read this page, t u r n ..........................and read the other side.
M ark is horn Canada. H e lives in London now, but he wants to g o ......................... to Canada.
We haven’t got a key to the house, so we can’t g e t ...........................
I was very tired this m orning. I couldn’t g e t ...........................
A: ‘W hen are you g o in g ........................ ?’
11: ‘O n the 5th. And I’m c o m in g ........................ on the 24th.’
114.3 Before you do this exercise, study the verbs in Appendix 6 (page 2 50 ).
Com plete the sentences. Choose a verb from the box + o n /o ff/u p etc. If necessary, put
th e verb into the correct fo rm .
break
carry
fall
get
give
g°
hold
slow
speak
take
w a ke
+ o n /o ff/u p /d o w n /o v e r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I w ent to sleep at 10 o ’clock a n d woke up
g o ’clock the next m orning.
‘It’s time to go.’
‘............................................................a minute. I’m not ready yet.’
T he train ............................................................and finally stopped.
I like flying, but I’m always nervous w hen the p la n e ..............................................................
H ow are your children? H ow are th e y ............................................................. at school?
It’s difficult to hear you. Can y o u ..............................................................a little?
This car isn’t very good. It h a s ............................................................. many times.
W hen babies try to walk, they som etim es.................... ..........................................
9 T he hotel isn’t far from here. If you ............................................................. along this road, you’ll
see it on the left.
10 I tried to find a job, but I .............................................................. It was impossible.
11 T he fire a la rm ............................................................ and everyone had to leave the building.
239
put on your shoes
[phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
Sometimes a phrasal verb (put on / take o ff etc.) has an object. For example:
verb
object
put on
your coat
verb
object
take ofF your shoes
You can say:
p u t o n your coat
or
p u t your coat on
You can say:
take o ff your shoes
or
take your shoes o ff
B u t it/th e m (pronouns) always go before o n /o f f etc. :
put it on (n o t put on it)
take th em o f f (not take off them)
□ It was cold, so I p ut on my coat.
(or I put m y coat on)
□ H ere’s your coat. P u t it on.
□ I’m going to take o f f my shoes.
(or take my shoes off)
□ Your shoes are dirty. Take th em off.
Some m ore phrasal verbs + object:
turn o n / turn o f f (lights, machines, taps etc.):
□ It was dark, so I turned on the light.
(or I tu rn ed the light on)
□ I d o n ’t want to watch this programme.
You can turn it off.
OFF
ON
also sw itch o n / sw itch o f f (lights, machines etc.):
□ I sw itch ed on the light and sw itched o f f the television.
SW ITCH
pick up / p u t down:
□ Those are rny keys on the floor. Can
you p ick th em up for me?
□ I stopped reading and put my book
dow n.
(or p u t d ow n my book)
PUT DOWN
PICK UP t w ^
Ml
bring b ack / take back / give back / put back:
□ You can take my umbrella, but
please b rin g it back.
n I to o k my new sweater back to
the shop. It was too small for me.
□ I’ve got R achel’s keys. I have to
g ive th em back to her.
□ I read the letter and then p ut it
back in the envelope.
go in I fall off etc. (phrasal verbs 1) -» Unit 114
, TAKE
B R IN G BACK
more phrasal verbs + object -» Appendix 7
Exercises
115.1
Unit 115
Look at the pictures. W h a t did these people do?
1 j-(e
tu rn ed , on tb e iia h t
4 She
5 He
6 She
2 S h e ...........................................
3 H e ............................................
115.2
You can w rite these sentences in three d iffe re n t ways. Com plete the table.
I tu rn e d , t h e r a d io on.
I turned on the radio.
H e put on his jacket.
He
She
She took her glasses off.
I tu rn ed . Lt on.
He
I picked up the phone.
T hey gave back the key.
We turned the lights off.
115.3 C om plete the sentences. Use these verbs w ith it or th e m .
b rin g back
pick up
sw itch o f f
take back
4u«*-en-
1 I wanted to watch som ething on television, so I
turned, i t on......
2 M y new lamp doesn’t work. I’m going t o .............................................................to the shop.
3 T here were some gloves on the floor, so I .............................................................and put them on
the table.
4 T he heating was on but it was too warm, so I .............................................................
5 T hank you for lending me these books. I w on’t forget t o ..............................................................
1 15 .4 Before you do this exercise, study th e verbs in Appendix 7 (page 2 51 ).
C om plete the sentences. Use a verb from the box. Som etim es you will also need to use
it/th e m /m e .
fill in
give up
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
knoek-dewfi
knock over
look up
put out
show round
throw away
fiirrt tdmBa
lt T W T r
try on
XXXTTT
T h e y knocked,
a Jot Gf h o u se s d own
w hen they built the new road.
T hat music is very loud. Can y o u tu rn It down
?
I....................................................... a glass and broke it.
‘W hat does this word mean?’
‘H ere’s a dictionary. You can
........................
I want to keep these magazines. Please don’t ........................................................
I
.............................................. a pair o f shoes in the shop, but I didn’t buy them.
I
visited a school last week.
O ne o f the teach ers..........................................
‘D o you play the piano?’
‘N o, I started to learn, but I ................
after a m onth.’
Som ebody gave me a form and told me t o .........................................
Sm oking isn’t allowed here. P le ase.............................your cigarette
241
Active and passive
1.1
Present and past
active
passive
present
□ We m ake butter from milk.
□ B utter is m ad e from milk.
sim ple
□ Somebody cleans these rooms every
day.
□ These rooms are cleaned every day.
□ People never invite me to parties.
□ I am never invited to parties.
□ H ow do they m ake butter?
□ H ow is butter made?
p a st
□ Somebody stole my car last week.
□ M y car was stolen last week.
sim ple
□ Somebody stole my keys yesterday.
□ My keys w ere stolen yesterday.
□ They d id n ’t invite me to the party.
□ I w asn ’t invited to the party.
□ W hen did they build these houses?
□ W hen w ere these houses built?
□ They are b u ild in g a new airport at
O A new airport is b ein g b uilt at the
present
continuous
p a st
continuous
the m om ent. (= it isn’t finished)
m om ent.
□ They are b uild in g some new houses
near the river.
n Some new houses are b ein g built
near the river.
□ W hen I was here a few years ago,
□ W hen I was here a few years ago, a
they were b uild in g a new airport.
new airport was b ein g built.
(= it wasn’t finished at that time)
present
□ Look! They have painted the door.
□ Look! T he door has b een painted.
perfect
□ These shirts are clean. Somebody
has w ashed them.
□ These shirts are clean. T hey have
b een washed.
□ Somebody has stolen my car.
□ M y car has been stolen.
□ Tina said that somebody had stolen
her car.
□ Tina said that her car had b een
stolen.
p a st perfect
1 .2
w ill / can / m ust / have to etc.
active
passive
□ Som ebody w ill clean the office tomorrow.
Q T he office w ill b e cleaned tomorrow.
□ Som ebody m u st clean the office.
□ T he office m u st be cleaned.
□ I think they’ll invite you to the party.
□ I think you’ll be invited to the party.
□ T hey ca n ’t repair my watch.
□ M y watch can ’t b e repaired.
□ You should wash this sweater by hand.
□ This sweater should b e w ashed by hand.
□ T hey are g o in g to build a new airport.
□ A new airport is g o in g to b e built.
□ Som ebody has to wash these clothes.
□ These clothes have to be w ashed.
□ T hey had to take the injured m an to
hospital.
□ T he injured m an had to be taken to
hospital.
243
List o f irregular verbs (->
U nit 24)
infinitive
p a st sim ple
p a st participle
infinitive
p a st sim ple
p a st participle
be
beat
become
begin
bite
blow
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
get
give
w a s/w er e
beat
b eca m e
b egan
b it
b lew
broke
b rou gh t
built
bought
cau gh t
ch ose
ca m e
cost
cu t
did
drew
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
fo u g h t
fou n d
flew
fo r g o t
got
gave
w en t
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
left
len t
b een
beaten
b eco m e
begu n
bitten
b low n
broken
brought
built
b ou gh t
caught
ch osen
com e
cost
cut
d on e
drawn
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
felt
fou gh t
fou n d
flow n
forgotten
got
given
gon e
grow n
hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
know n
left
lent
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
m eet
pay
put
read (reed)*
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
shine
shoot
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
speak
spend
stand
steal
swim
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
understand
wake
wear
win
write
let
lay
lit
lost
m ad e
m ean t
m et
paid
p ut
read (red)*
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
shone
shot
show ed
shut
sang
sat
slept
spoke
spent
stood
stole
sw am
took
taught
tore
told
th ou gh t
threw
u n d erstood
w oke
w ore
w on
w rote
let
lain
lit
lost
m ad e
m ean t
m et
paid
put
read (red)*
ridden
ru n g
risen
run
said
seen
sold
sent
sh one
sh ot
sh ow n
shut
su n g
sat
slept
spoken
sp en t
sto o d
stolen
sw u m
taken
taught
torn
told
th o u g h t
throw n
understood
w ok en
w orn
w on
w ritten
g°
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
leave
lend
pronunciation
T he following verbs can be regular (-ed) or irregi
infinitive
p a st sim ple / p ast participle
infinitive
p a st sim ple / p a st participle
burn
dream
burned or burnt
dream ed or dream t
learn
smell
learned or learnt
sm elled 01 sm elt
Irregular verbs in groups
T h e p a st sim ple and p a st participle are the same:
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
shut
—> co st
cu t
—> hit
hurt
— >
lend — > lent
send —> sent
sp en t
spend
build
—> built
burn
learn
smell
burnt
-» learnt
—> sm elt
T h e p a st sim ple and past participle are different:
let
put
shut
lose
—» lo st
shoot -> sh ot
get
-> go t
lit
light
sat
sit
keep
sleep
—* kept
-» slept
—» felt
feel
leave —* left
meet
m et
dream -> dream t (dremt)*
mean
m ea n t (ment)*
4
bring
buy
fight
think
—» b rou gh t (brort)*
—> b ou gh t (bort)*
—» fo u g h t (fort)*
—> th ou gh t (thort)*
catch
teach
cau gh t (kort)*
—» taught (tort)*
sell
tell
—> sold
—» told
find
have
hear
hold
read
say
—» found
—» had
—> heard
— > held
read (red)*
—> said (scd)*
pay
—» paid
make —> m a d e
stand
understand
* pronunciation
—¥
— >
sto o d
u n d erstood
6
broke
break
ch o se
choose
speak -> spoke
stole
steal
—» w oke
wake
broken
ch osen
spoken
stolen
w oken
drive
ride
rise
write
driven
ridden
risen
w ritten
->
drove
rode
rose
w rote
beat
bite
hide
—» beat
—» bit
—» h id
b eaten
bitten
hidden
eat
fall
forget
glve
see
take
ate
fell
fo rg o t
—» gave
—» saw
to o k
eaten
fallen
forgotten
given
seen
taken
blow
grow
know
throw
blow n
grow n
know n
throw n
flow n
fly
blew
grew
-> k n ew
threw
— > flew
draw
-»
show
—> sh ow ed
show n
begin
drink
swim
b egan
—> drank
—» sw am
b egu n
drunk
sw um
drew
drawn
ring
sing
rang
sang
rung
su ng
run
ran
run
come
ca m e
com e
become —» b eca m e b e c o m e
Short forms (he's / I'd / don’t etc.)
4.1
In spoken English we usually pronounce ‘I a m ’ as one word. T he short form (I’m ) is a way o f
w riting this:
I am
it is
they have
—>
I’m
—>
it ’s
—> th ey’ve
etc.
□ I’m feeling tired this m orning,
□ ‘D o you like this jacket?’
‘Yes, it’s nice.’
□ ‘W here are your triends?’
‘T h e y ’ve gone home.’
W hen we w rite short forms, we use ’ (an apostrophe):
I Xm —» I’m
he 1$ —> h e’s
you J>£{ve —> you’ve
4.2
she yttfll —>she’ll
We use these forms w ith I /h e /s h e etc. :
am
is
are
have
has
had
will
would
-> ’m
-> ’s
’re
-» ’ve
’s
’d
-» ’11
—> ’d
I’m
h e ’s
sh e’s
it’s
I’ve
I’d
I ’ll
I’d
h e ’s
h e ’d
h e ’ll
h e’d
sh e’s
sh e’d
sh e’ll
sh e’d
w e ’re
w e ’ve
y o u ’re
y o u ’ve
th ey’re
th ey’ve
w e ’d
w e ’ll
w e ’d
y o u ’d
y o u ’ll
y o u ’d
th ey’d
th ey’ll
th ey ’d
it’s
□ I’ve got some new shoes.
□ W e’ll probably go out this evening.
□ It’s 10 o ’clock. You’re late again.
’s = is or has:
□ She’s going out this evening, (she’s going = she is going)
□ She’s gone out. (she’s gone = she has gone)
’d = w ou ld or had:
□ A: W hat would you like to eat?
B: I’d like a salad, please. (I’d like = I w ou ld like)
□ I told the police that I’d lost my passport. (I’d lost= I had lost)
D o not use ’m / ’s / ’d etc. at the end o f a sentence (—> U nit 40):
□ ‘Are you tired?’
‘Yes, I am .’ (not Yes, I’m.)
□ She isn’t tired, but he is. (not h e’s)
4.3
We use short forms with I /y o u /h e /s h e etc., but you can use short forms (especially’s) with
other words too:
□
□
□
□
□
□
2 46
W h o ’s your favourite singer? (= w ho is)
W hat’s the time? (= w hat is)
T h ere’s a big tree in the garden. (= there is)
M y sister’s working in London. (= my sister is working)
P au l’s gone out. (= Paul has gone out)
W hat co lo u r’s your car? (= W hat colour is your car?)
Short forms (he's / I'd / d o n 't etc.)
4 .4
Negative short forms (—> U n it 43):
isn ’t
aren’t
w a sn ’t
w eren ’t
hasn’t
haven’t
h ad n ’t
□
□
□
□
4 .5
(= is not)
(= are not)
(— was not)
(= were not)
(= has not)
(= have not)
(= had not)
d o n ’t (= do not)
d o esn ’t (= does not)
d id n ’t ( - did not)
ca n ’t
co u ld n ’t
w o n ’t
w o u ld n ’t
sh ou ld n ’t
m u stn ’t
(=
(-=
(=
(=
(=
(-
cannot)
could not)
will not)
would not)
should not)
must not)
We w ent to her house, but she w asn’t at home.
‘W h ere’s David?’
‘I d o n ’t know. I haven’t seen him.’
You work all the time. You sh ou ld n ’t work so hard.
I w o n ’t be here tomorrow. (— I will not)
’s (apostrophe + s)
’s can mean different things:
(1) ’s = is or has (—> section 4.2 o f this appendix)
(2) le t’s = let us (—> Units 35, 53)
□ It’s a lovely day. L et’s go out. (= Let us go out.)
(3) K ate’s camera = her camera
my brother’s car = his car
the manager’s office = his/her office etc.
(—> U nit 64)
Com pare:
□ K ate’s camera was very expensive. (Kate’s camera = her camera)
□ K ate’s a very good photographer. (Kate’s = Kate is)
□ K ate’s got a new camera. (Kate’s got = Kate has got)
247
Spelling
5.1
Words + -s and -es (birds/watches etc.)
noun + s (plural) (—> U nit 66)
bird —> birds
mistake —> mistakes
hotel —> hotels
verb + s (h e/sh e/it -s) (—» Unit 5)
think —> thinks
live —> lives
remember —> remembers
but
+ es after -s / -sh / -c h
bus —» buses
dish —> dishes
watch —> watches
box —» boxes
/ -x
pass —» passes
wash —> washes
teach —> teaches
address —» addresses
finish —» finishes
sandwich —> sandwiches
also
potato —> potatoes
do —> does
- f / -fe —> -ves
shelf —» shelves
5.2
tomato —> tomatoes
go —> goes
knife —> knives
few/ roof —> roofs
Words ending in -y (baby —> babies / study —> studied etc.)
-y —» -res
study —> studies (not studys)
story —> stories
city —> cities
try —> tries
marry —> marries
family —> families (not familys)
baby —> babies
fly —> flies
-y —> -ie d (—> Unit 11)
study —» studied (not studyed)
try —> tried
marry —> married
copy —> copied
-y —> -ie r /-ie s t (—> Units 87, 90)
easy —> easier/easiest (not easyer/easyest)
happy —» happier/happiest
heavy —> heavier/heaviest
lucky —> luckier/luckiest
funny —> funnier/funniest
-y —> -ily (—> Unit 86)
easy —> easily (not easyly)
happy —» happily
heavy —» heavily
lucky —> luckily
y does not change to i if the ending is -a y /-e y /- o y /-u y :
holiday —» holidays (not holidaies)
enjoy —> enjoy s/enjoyed
stay —> stays/stayed
but
say —» said
248
pay —» paid
(irregular verbs)
buy —> buys
key —» keys
Spelling
5.3
-in g
Verbs that end in -e (m ake/write/drive etc.) —> -Xing:
make —> making
write —> w riting
com e —> com ing
Verbs that end in -ie —> -ying:
lie —> lying
die —» dying
5 .4
dance —> dancing
tie —» tying
stop —> stopped, big —> bigger etc.
Vowels and consonants:
Vowel letters: a
Consonant letters: b
e
c
i
d
o
f
u
g
k
l
m
n
p
r
s
t
w
y
Sometimes a word ends in a vowel + a consonant. For example: stop, big, get.
Before -in g /-e d /-e r /- e s t, p / g / t etc. becom e p p /g g /t t etc.
For example:
stop
run
get
swim
big
hot
thin
ST
R
G
SW
B
H
TH
V +C
O P
U N
E T
I M
I G
O T
I N
stopping
running
getting
swim m ing
bigger
hotter
thinner
P -» PP
n —> nn
t
tt
m —» m m
g -> g g
t —» tt
n —» nn
stopped
V — vowel
C = consonant
biggest
hottest
thinnest
This does not happen
(1) if the word ends in two consonant letters (C + C):
help
work
fast
C+C
HE L P
WO R K
FA S T
helping
working
faster
helped
worked
fastest
(2) if the word ends in two vowel letters + a consonant letter (V + V + C):
need
wait
cheap
V+V +C
N E E D
W A I T
CH E A P
needing needed
waiting waited
cheaper cheapest
(3) in longer words (two syllables or more) if the last part o f the word is not stressed:
stress
happen
visit
remember
H A P -pen —» happening/happened (not happenned)
V IS-it
—» visiting/visited
re-MEM-ber —> remembering/remembered
but
prefer
begin
pre-FER
be-G IN
(stress at
(stress at
the end)
the end)
—>
—>
preferring/preferred
beginning
(4) if the word ends in -y or -w . (At the end o f words, y and w are not consonants.)
enjoy —> enjoying/enjoyed
snow —> snow ing/snow ed
few —> few er/few est
Phrasal verbs (take o ff / give up etc.)
This is a list o f some im portant phrasal verbs (—> U nit 114).
on
carry on = continue
□ D o n ’t stop working. Carry on. (— continue working)
□ A: Excuse me, where is the station?
B: Carry on along this road and turn right at the lights. ( = C ontinue along
also g o o n / walk on / drive o n etc. = continue g o in g /w a lk in g /d riv in g etc.
O D o n ’t stop here. D rive on.
...)
c o m e on = be quick
□ C o m e on! Everybody is waiting for you.
g et o n = m anage (in a job, at school, in an exa m etc.)
O H o w was your exam? H ow did you get on?
(= how did you do?)
h old on = w ait
□ C an you hold on a minute? (= can you wait?)
o ff
take o f f = leave the gro u n d (for planes)
□ T h e plane to o k o ff 20 minutes late, but
arrived on time.
TAKE OFF
go o f f = explode (a bomb etc.) or ring (an alarm,
an alarm clock etc.)
□ A bom b w en t o f f and caused a lot o f damage.
□ A car alarm goes o ff if somebody tries
to break into the car.
up
GO OFF
give up = stop trying
□ I know it’s difficult, but d o n ’t give up.
(= don’t stop trying)
g ro w up = become an adult
□ W hat does your son want to do w hen he grow s up?
hurry up = do som ething more quickly
□ H u rry up! We haven’t got m uch time.
speak up = speak more loudly
O I can’t hear you. Can yon speak up, please?
WAKE VP
w ake up = slop sleeping
□ I often wake up in the middle o f the night.
wash up = wash the plates etc. after a m eal
□ D o you want me to wash up?
(or ... to do the washing-up?)
dow n
slow d ow n = go more slowly
□ You’re driving too fast. Slow down!
MASH UP
BR EA K \
DOWN
'
break d ow n = stop w orking fo r cars, machines etc.)
O Sue was very late because her car broke dow n.
over
250
fall over = lose yo u r balance
□ I fell over because my shoes were
too big for me.
FALL OVER
Phrasal verbs + object
(put out a fire / give up your job etc.)
This is a list o f some im portant phrasal verbs + object (—> U nit 115).
in /o u t
fill in / fill ou t a form = complete a fo r m
□ Can you fill in this fo rm , please? or
Can you fill ou t this fo rm , please?
out
p ut o u t a fire, a cigarette etc.
□ The fire brigade arrived and put the fire out.
cross ou t a mistake, a word etc.
□ If you make a mistake, cross it out.
on
try o n clothes = p u t on clothes to see i f they fit you
□ (in a shop) This is a nice jacket. Shall I try it on?
up
give up som ething = stop doing it
□ Sue gave up her jo b w hen her baby was born. (= she stopped working)
□ ‘Are you still learning Italian?’
‘No, I gave it up.’
lo o k up a word in a dictionary etc.
□ I didn’t know the m eaning o f the word, so I look ed it up in a dictionary.
turn up the TV, radio, music, heating etc. = m a ke it louder or w anner
□ Can you turn the radio up? I can’t hear it.
wake up som ebody w ho is sleeping
□ I have to get up early tomorrow. Can you wake m e up at 6.30?
dow n
k n ock d ow n a building = dem olish it
□ They are going to k n ock d ow n the school
and build a new one.
KNOCK
DOWN
turn d ow n the TV, radio, music, heating etc.
= m ake it more qu iet or less warm
□ The music is too loud. Can you turn it down?
over
k nock over a cup, a glass, a person etc.
□ Be careful. D o n ’t k n ock your cup over.
□ There was an accident at the end o f the
road. A m an was k n ock ed over by a car.
(or A man was k nocked d ow n by a car.)
K N O C K Ot'ER
away
throw away rubbish, things you don’t want
□ These apples are bad. Shall I throw th em away?
□ D o n ’t throw away that picture. I want it.
p u t som ething away = p u t it in the place w here yo u usually keep
□ After they finished playing, the children p ut their toys
away.
back
th row
K N O C K OVER. Or
K N O C K DOW N
AWAY
it
pay som ebody back = g iv e hack m oney that you borrowed
□ T hank you for lending m e the money. I’ll pay you back next week.
r o u n d / sh ow somebody rou n d /arou n d = take som ebody on a tour o f a place
around
□ We visited a factory last week. T he manager show ed us round.
Additional exercises
List o f exercises:
1-2
3
4
5—7
8 -9
10-13
14
15
16-18
19-22
23
24-27
28
29
30-31
32
3 3-34
35
a m /is /a r e
present continuous
present simple
present simple, a m /is/a r e and have (got)
present continuous and present simple
w a s/w ere and past simple
past simple and past continuous
present and past
present perfect
present perfect and past simple
present, past and present perfect
passive
future
past, present and future
past, present and future
-in g and to ...
a and the
prepositions
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
1—2
3—4
5—7
1—2, 5—7, 9
3—8
10—12
11—14
3—14
15-19
18—20
3-20
21-22
25-28
3-20, 25-28
3-22, 25-28, 52, 54, 98, 105
51—55, 105, 112
65, 69—73
103-108. I l l
a m /is /a re
1
U n its 1 - 2
W rite sentences fo r the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + is /is n 't/a re /a re n 't.
KA TE
No, thank you
T he windows
Lisa
Kate
T h e children
Gary'
T he books
T he h o te l
T he bus
on the table
hungry
asleep
i -epc-n
full
near the station
a doctor
-happy
|
The-
2
U s a. i5r-. t h a p p u ...............
a re opev..
3 K a te ........................................
4 ..................................................
5 ......................................................
6 ......................................................
7 ..................................................
8 .........................................................
1
Additional exercises
C om plete th e sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
‘Are you hungry?’
‘No, b u t ..... !.w. thirsty.’
‘ How A te your parents?’
‘T hey’re fine.’
‘Is Anna at hom e?’
"No, ......................................at work.'
‘................................................ my keys?’
‘O n your desk.’
W here is Paul from? ..................................... American or British?
......................................very ho t today. T he tem perature is 38 degrees.
‘Are you a teacher?’ ‘N o ,...................................... a student.’
‘Green.’
‘............................................................ your umbrella?’
W h ere’s your car?
in the car park?
‘..................................... tired?’ ‘N o, I'm fine.’
‘These shoes are nice. H o w
?’
‘Fifty pounds.’
p re se n t c o n tinu o us fl'm w o rk in g / are you w o rk in g ? etc.)
U n its 3 - 4
Use the words in brackets to w rite sentences.
a:
1 A:
b
2
:
A:
B:
3
W here are your parents?
TVieyVe. wtTchma TV......................................................
(they / watch / TV)
aula is ^oing out.
VyViere 5
ooLvg ?
(where / she / go?)
A:
B:
4
a
:
(the children / play?)
B:
5
A:
(it / rain?)
B:
6 A:
Ii:
7
...................................................................................... ?
1B:1: ...............................................................................................
A:
(why / you / stand / here?)
(I / wait / for somebody)
p re s e n t sim ple (I w o rk I she d o e s n 't w o rk / do you w o rk ? etc.)
U n its 5 - 7
C om plete the sentences. Use the present simple.
Sac, always gets
iC) work early.
Vde <lcn t wAtck1 | v very often.
H ow often
d.o you wfl-Sh your hair?
I want to go to the cinema, b u t .................................................. to go.
....................................................................... to go out tonight?
....................................................................... near here?
....................................................................... a lot o f people.
I enjoy travelling, b u t .............................................................very much.
9 W hat ti m e ......................................................................in the morning?
10 M y parents are usually at hom e in the evening.
very often.
1 1 .........................................................................work at five o ’clock.
12 A: W h a t .........................................................................?
II:
in a hotel.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
(Sue / always / get)
(we / not / watch)
(you / wash)
(Sam / not / want)
(you / want)
(Helen / live)
(Sarah / know)
(I / not / travel)
(you / usually / get up)
(they / not / go out)
(Tom / always / finish)
(Julia / do)
(she / work)
253
Additional exercises
present sim p le, a m /is /a re and have (g o t)
U n its 1 - 2 , 5 - 7 , 9
Read th e questions and Clare's answers. Then w rite sentences ab o u t Clare.
Are you m arriedPY
D o you live in London?
Are you a student?
Have you got a car?
D o you go out a lot?
Have you got a lot o f friends?
D o you like London?
D o you like dancing?
V Are you interested in sport ? y
1 f
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Clare
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
\1 N o . /
1
2
3
4
5
She Is n 't roflurled,...
She lives In London.
6
7
8
9
Com plete the questions.
JY
Whfli’s your natne
i r
?
.......................... married?
W here
any children:
V H ow
Tv
7\
your job?
....................a car:
to work by car?
3 Y
,/B n a n .
Yes, I am.
In B arton R oad
Yes, a daughter.
She’s three.
Y ’m 29.
I w ork in a supermarket
No, I hate it.
Yes, 1 have.
No, I usually go by bus.
.........................Who Is
V
W rite sentences from these words. All the sentences are present.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2 54
Sar ah of ten rhius te n n is ...............
Sarah often / tennis
Mu
/parents have, qox, a. r.e, car.
my parents / a new car
My
shoes are dirty. .........................
my shoes / dirty
Sonia / 32 years old
S o n ia .........................................................
1 / two sisters
we often / TV in the evening
Jane never / a hat
a bicycle / two wheels
these flowers / beautiful
M ary / G erm an very well
Additional exercises
p re s e n t c o n tin u o u s (I'm w o rk in g ) and p resent sim ple (I w o rk )
8
U n its 3 - 8
Com plete the sentences.
Do ycu ofhm go
Please be quiet.
I.’.rp. w o rm ic j,
(|/work)
(you/often/go) to
the cinema?
JA C K
u
°
s’
/ Excuse me,
(we/look) for
the museum.
9
W hich is right?
1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
‘Arc-yoti-sftcaking / D o you speak English?’
‘Yes, a little.’
(D o you speak is right)
Sometimes w e’re going / we go away at weekends.
It’s a nice day today. T he sun is shining / shines.
(You meet. K a te in the street.) Hello, Kate. W here are you going / do you go?
H ow often are you going / do you go on holiday?
Emily is a writer. She’s w riting / She writes books for children.
I’m never reading / I never read newspapers.
‘W here are M ichael and Jane?’
‘T hey’re watching / They watch TV in the living room .’
H elen is in her office. She’s talking / She talks to somebody.
W hat time are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?
John isn’t at hom e at the m om ent. H e ’s visiting / H e visits some friends.
‘Would you like some tea?’
‘No, thank you. I’m not drinking / I don’t drink tea.’
255
Additional exercises
Units 10-12
w a s /w e re and past sim ple (I w o rk e d / did you w o rk ? etc.)
10
C om plete th e sentences. Use one word only.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
I got up early a n d b&d,
,i shower.
Tom was tired last night, so h e ..................................... to bed early.
I ...................................... this pen on the floor. Is it yours?
Kate got m arried w hen s h e ......................................23.
H elen is learning to drive. S h e ......................................her first lesson yesterday.
‘I’ve got a new job.’
‘Yes, I know. D a v id .................................... me.’
‘W here did you buy that book?’
‘It was a present. J a n e ...................................... it to me.’
W e ..................................... hungry, so we had som ething to eat.
‘Did you enjoy the film?’
‘Yes, I ......................................it was very good.’
‘Did Andy com e to your party?’
‘No, w e .................................... him, but he didn’t come.’
Look a t th e questions and Kevin’s answers. W rite sentences about
Kevin when he was a child.
W h en you were a child ...
Were you tall?
Did you like school?
Were you good at sport?
D id you play football?
Did you w ork hard at school?
D id you have a lot o f friends?
Did you have a bicycle?
W ere you a quiet child?
12
No.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.
No.
1
He
2
H&...hk.^;...5cTipol,
He
C om plete th e questions.
y l
1 ”
T- W hAYW a nice h o lid ay ?^
Where cUtl qcu P
5
...............................................there?
................................... Amsterdam?
?
7
13
Put the verb in the rig h t form (positive, negative or question).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
256
............................................. good?
.............................................. back ? J
1 Yes, it was great, thanks.
To Amsterdam.
Five days.
Yes, very much.
I have friends in Amsterdam, so I stayed with them.
Yes, it was w arm and sunny.
y^Yesterday.
It was a good party. .....!eniouP-....... it. (I / enjoy)
Dtd, you d o
the shopping?’ (you / do)
‘No, I
dttlv' i h a v e
time.’ (I / have)
‘Did you phone Adana?’
‘No, I’m afraid .................................................................... ’ (I / forget)
1 like your new watch. W h e re ....................................................................... it? (you / get)
I saw Lucy at the party, b u t ....................................................................... to her. (I / speak)
A: .........................................................................a nice weekend? (you / have)
B: Yes, I went to stay w ith some friends o f mine.
Paul wasn’t well yesterday, s o
to work, (he / go)
‘Is M ary here?’
‘Y es,..................................................................... five minutes ago.’ (she / arrive)
W h e r e .........................................................................before he moved here? (R obert / live)
T he restaurant wasn’t expensive
very much, (the meal / cost)
Additional exercises
p ast sim ple (I w o rk e d ) and past con tin u o us (I was w o rk in g )
14
Units 1 1 -1 4
C om plete the sentences. Use th e past simple or past continuous.
2 0
i
morning.
JANE
It
(rain) w hen we
'go) out.
KWl
^
0
W hen I arrived at the office, Jane and Paul
......................................... (work) at their desks.
^
I .................................... (open) the window
because it was hot.
T he p h o n e .......................... (ring) w hen Sue
............................................... (cook) the dinner.
TOM
i .............
i ..............
(hear) a noise outside, so
(look) out o f the
window.
T o m ........................................................... (look)
out o f the w indow w hen the accident
................................................... (happen).
CATH ERIN E
R ichard had a book in his hand, but he
............................................... (not/read) it. He
........................................................... (watch) TV.
C atherine bought a magazine, but she
.......................................................... (not/read) it.
She didn’t have time.
I .................................... (finish) my meal,
.................................... (pay) the bill and
.................................... (leave) the restaurant.
I ................................. (see) Kate this m orning.
I ................................... (walk) along the street
and s h e ................................ (wait) for the bus.
KATE
257
Additional exercises
U n its 3 - 1 4
p resent and oast
15
C om plete th e sentences. Use one o f these forms:
present simple (I w ork /d rive etc.)
past simple (I w ork ed /d rove etc.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
present continuous (I am w o r k in g /d riv in g etc.)
past continuous (I was w o r k in g /d riv in g etc.)
You can turn off the television. I T! r.oi watchLno
(not/watch) it.
Last night J e n n y
.... (fall) asleep while s h e
re & d m g . (read).
Listen! S o m e b o d y ..................................................... (play) the piano.
‘Have you got my key?’
‘No, I ...................................................... (give) it back to you.’
David is very lazy. H e ...................................................... (not/like) hard work.
W h e r e ..................................................... (your parents / go) for their holidays last year?
I
(see) Diane yesterday. S h e .....................................................
(drive) her new car.
A: ..................................................... (you/watch) television very much?
B: N o, I haven’t got a television set.
A: W h a t ..................................................... (you/do) at 6 o ’clock last Sunday m orning?
B: I was in bed asleep.
Andy isn’t at hom e very much. H e ..................................................... (go) away a lot.
I
(try) to find a jo b at the m om ent. It’s very difficult.
I’m tired this m orning. I
(not/sleep) very well last night.
p resent p e rfe c t (I have done / she has been etc.)
16
Look a t th e pictures and com plete th e sentences. Use the present perfect.
5 minutes Later
Goodbye, Tom! ^
f
Is Tom at home?
^ ^ Are you still watching the film? ' j
/
258
U n its 1 5 - 1 9
Additional exercises
(
7
Is this a good book? }
B O Q t ^-S
^ More coffee?
10
(T I
( Enjoy t he party! ^
La£er
f Yes' we
V each other for a long time.
2 59
Additional exercises
17
C om plete the sentences (1, 2 o r 3 words).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
M ark and Liz are m arried. T h e y ka,ve te e n
m arried for five years.
David has been watching T V
sm ce
5 o ’clock.
M artin is at work. H e ..................................................... at work since 8.30.
‘Have you ju st arrived in London?’
‘No, I’ve been h e r e .............................................. live days.’
I’ve know n Helen ..................................... we were at school together.
‘M y brother lives in Los Angeles.’
‘Really? H ow lo n g ..................................................... there?’
George has had the same j o b ..................................................... 20 years.
Some friends ol ours are staying with us at the m om ent. T h e y .....................................................
here since Monday.
Com plete the sentences. W rite abo u t yourself.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I’ve n e v e r ndd-H'1. a . 310fo.e :....
I’v e beer, to Lottcron.
many times.
I’ve j u s t ...........................................................................................................................................................
I’v e ....................................................................................................................................................................
(once / twice / a few times / many times)
I haven’t .................................................................................................................................................... yet.
I’ve n e v e r .......................................................................................................................................................
I’ve .........................................................................since................................................................................
I’v e ........................................................................ f o r ....................................................................................
present p e rfe c t (I h ave d o n e etc.) and past sim ple (I did etc.)
19
Present p erfe ct or past simple? C om plete the sentences (positive or n egative).
1 A:
B:
2 A:
B:
33 a
A::
B:
b:
4
A:
B:
5
A:
B:
a:
6 A:
B:
b:
7
A:
B:
8 A:
b
:
99 A:
B:
1 0 A:
B:
11
11 A:
B:
12
12
A:
B:
260
U n its 1 8 - 2 0
D o you like London?
I d o n ’t know. I bft.ven b beer.
there.
Have y o u seen Kate?
Yes, I ...............
her five minutes ago.
T h at’s a nice sweater. Is it new?
Yes, I ................................................ it last week.
Are you tired this m orning?
Yes, I .............................................. to bed late last night.
D o you want
this newspaper, or can I have it?
You can have it. 1 ................................................ it.
Are you enjoying your new job?
I ........................................yet.
M y first day is next Monday.
T he w eather isn’t very nice today, is it?
N o, but it .................................................nice yesterday.
Was H elen at the party on Saturday?
I d o n ’t think so. I
her there.
Is your son still at school?
No, h e ................................................. school two years ago.
Is Silvia married?
Yes, s h e ................................................. married for five years.
Have you heard o f George Washington?
O f course. H e .................................................the first President o f the U nited States.
H o w long does it take to make a pizza?
I do n’t know. I
a pizza.
Additional exercises
20
W rite sentences w ith the present perfect or past simple.
1
Have y o u been t o Thailand?
11: Yes,
(I / go / there / last year)
A: D o you like London?
B: I do n ’t know.
I ve never been there. (I / never / there)
A: W hat time is Paul going out?
B:
(he / already / go)
A: Has Catherine gone home?
11: Yes,
(she / leave / at 4 o ’clock)
A: N ew York is my favourite city.
ii: Is it? ..................................................................................... ? (how many times / you / there?)
A: W hat are you doing this weekend?
11: 1 don’t know.
(1 / no! / decide / yet)
A: I can’t find my address book. Have you seen it?
11: ............................................................................................................ (it / on the table / last night)
A: D o you know the Japanese restaurant in Leeson Street?
11: Y es,....................................................................................................... (I / eat / there a few times)
A: Paula and Sue are here.
li: Are they?
? (what time / they / arrive?)
A:
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
21
Present perfect or past simple? Com plete the sentences.
1
Have, you beer.
to France?
B: Yes, many times.
A: W h e n .................................... the last time?
B: Two years ago.
2
Is this your car?
B: Yes, it is.
A: 1 low l o n g ................................................. it?
li: It’s new. 1 ................................................. it yesterday.
3
W here do you live?
In Harold Street.
A: 1 low l o n g ..............................................................there?
li: Five years. Before t h a t ...............................................
in Mill R oad.
A: H ow l o n g
in Mill Road?
B: A bout three years.
A:
A:
A:
B:
4
W hat do you do?
I w ork in a shop.
A: H o w lo n g ..............................................................there?
B: Nearly two years.
A: W h a t ................................................. before that?
u: 1 ................................................. a taxi driver.
A:
B:
Additional exercises
22
W rite sentences ab o u t yourself.
1 (yesterday m orning)
2
3
4
5
6
(last night)
(yesterday afternoon)
(... days ago)
(last week)
(last year)
i
Itth’. ■for work y&sfcc.T&g rooming.
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
present, past and p resent p e rfe c t
23
U n its 3 - 2 0
W hich is right?
1 ‘ !.s...Sue working?
A Does Sue work?
(C)
’
‘N o, she’s on holiday.’
B Is working Sue?
C Is Sue working?
2 ‘W h e r e ............................................................ ?’
A lives your uncle
B does your uncle live
D does live your uncle
D Does w ork Sue?
'In a village near London.’
C your uncle lives
3 I speak Italian, b u t ........................................................... French.
A I speak not
B I’m not speaking
C I doesn’t speak
D I don’t speak
4 ‘W h ere’s Tom?’........‘............a shower at the m om ent.’
A H e ’s having
B H e have
C H e has
D H e has had
5 W h y ............................................................. angry w ith me yesterday?
A were you
B was you
C you were
D have you been
6 M y favourite film is C le o ’s D rea m
A I’m seeing
B I see
C I was seeing
it four times.
D I’ve seen
7 I ........................................................... out last night. I was too tired.
A d o n ’t go
B didn’t w ent
C didn’t go
D haven’t gone
8 Liz is from Chicago. S h e ........................................................... there all her life.
A is living
Bhas lived
C lives
D lived
9 M y fr ie n d
A waited
B has waited
C was waiting
for me w hen I arrived.
D has been waiting
10 ‘H ow l o n g .............................................................English?’
‘Six m onths.’
A do you learn
B are you learning
C you are learning
D have you been learning
11 Paul is Canadian, but he lives in France. H e has been th e r e .................................................
A for three years
B since three years
C three years ago
D during three years
12 ‘W hat t i m e
A has Lisa phoned
B Lisa has phoned
?’ ‘A bout an hour ago.’
C did Lisa phone
D is Lisa phoning
13 W h a t .............................................................w hen you saw her?
A did Sue wear
B was Sue wearing
C has Sue w orn
D was wearing Sue
14 ‘Can you drive?’ ‘N o ,...............................................................a car, but I want to learn.’
A I never drive
B I’m never driving
C I’ve never driven
D I was never driving
15 I saw H elen at the station w hen I was going to work this m orning, but she
........................................................... me.
A didn’t see
B d o n ’t see
C hasn’t seen
D didn’t saw
262
Additional exercises
passive
24
25
C om plete the sentences.
These houses were,. bwU-t (build) 20 years ago.
Before that there was a cinema here, but the
b u ild in g ............................... (damage) in a fire
and had t o ................................. (knock down).
This b rid g e .......................... (build) in 1955.
I t ....................................... (use) by hundreds
o f people every day. At the m om ent the
b rid g e ................................................... (paint).
This s tre e t...................................... (call) Wilton
Street. It used t o ..................................... (call)
James Street, but the n a m e ...............................
(change) a few years ago.
This is a bicycle factory. B icycles....................
..................................... (make) here since 1961.
It’s the largest bicycle factory in the country.
Thousands o f bicycles........................................
................................. (produce) here every year.
Com plete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
26
U n its 2 1 - 2 2 , A p p e n d ix 1
W e were invited
(invite) to the party, but we didn’t go.
T he museum is very popular. Every year i t .................................. (visit) by thousands o f people.
M any buildings............................................................. (damage) in the storm last week.
A new road is going t o ............................................................ (build) next year.
‘W h ere’s your jacket?’
‘I t .................................................... (clean). It will be ready .tomorrow.’
She’s famous now, but in a few years her name w ill........................................................... (forget).
‘Shall I do the washing-up?’
‘No, i t ........................................................................ (already/do).’
M ilk sh o u ld ............................................................ (keep) in a fridge.
..................................................................................... (you/ever/bite) by a snake?
M y b a g ............................................................ (steal) from my car yesterday afternoon.
W rite a new sentence w ith th e same m eaning.
1
2
3
-I
5
6
7
Somebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
Somebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
Som ebody
has stolen my keys.
key'-5have,
be.ee. sto len ..............................
stole my car last week.
My c a r ...................................... ...............................................
wants you on the phone. You ..........................................................................................
has eaten all the bananas. All t h e .....................................................................................
will repair the machine.
T h e ..........................................................................................
is watching us.
W e ............................................................................................
has to do the housework. T h e ..........................................................................................
263
Additional exercises
27
Active or passive? Com plete the sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
T h e y .... £Re buiidmfl....(build) a new airport at the m om ent.
(wash)
These shirts are clean now. T h e y .. have been w ashed
‘H o w did you fall?’
‘Somebody .......................................................... (push) me.’
‘H ow did you fall?’
‘I .................. ........................................ (push).’
I can’t find my bag. S o m eb o d y ..... ..................................................... (take) it!
M y watch is broken. I t .................... ...................................... (repair) at the m om ent.
W h o ...................................................... .... (invent) the camera?
W h e n .................................................... ...... (the camera/invent)?
These shirts are clean now. T h e y .. ........................................................ (wash).
These shirts are clean now. I .......... ................................................ (wash) them.
T he letter was for me, so w h y ........ .................................................. (they send) it to you?
T he inform ation w ill........................ .................................. (send) to you as soon as possible.
fu tu re
28
U n its 2 5 - 2 8
W h ich is th e best alternative?
1
We re» havLr.a (&)
a p arty next Sunday. I hope you can come.
A We have
B We ’re having
C W e’ll have
2 D o you know about Karen? .........................................................her job. She told me last week.
A She leaves
B She’s going to leave
C She’ll leave
3 T h ere’s a program m e on television that I want to w atch................................................................
in five minutes.
A It starts
B It’s starting
C It will start
4 T he w eather is nice now, but I th in k .............................................................later.
A it rains
B it’s raining
C it will rain
5 ‘W h a t ............................................................. next weekend?’
A do you do
B are you doing
C will you do
6 ‘W hen you see Tina, can you ask her to phone me?’
A I ask
B I’m going to ask
C I’ll ask
7 ‘W hat would you like to drink, tea or coffee?’
please.’
A I have
B I’m going to have
C I’ll have
8 D o n ’t take that newspaper away.
A I read
B I’m going to read
‘N othing. I ’ve got no plans.’
‘O K ,.........................
‘........................................................... tea,
........................................................... it.
C I’ll read
9 R achel is ill, so .............................................................to the party tom orrow night.
A she doesn’t com e
B she isn’t com ing
C she w on’t come
10 1 want to m eet Sarah at the station. W hat tim e ........................................................... ?
A does her train arrive
B is her train going to arrive
C is her train arriving
11 ‘Will you be at hom e tom orrow evening?’
‘N o ...................................................................’
A I go out
B I’m going out
C I’ll go out
12 .............................................................you tom orrow?'
‘Yes, OK.’
A Do I phone
B Am I going to phone
C Shall I phone
264
her.’
Additional exercises
past, p resent and fu tu re
29
U n its 3 - 2 0 , 2 5 - 2 8
C om plete the sentences.
1 A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
2
A:
B:
A
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
3
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
B:
5
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Did. yce o p
(you/go) out last night?
N o ...................................................... (I/stay) at home.
What ..................................................... (you/do)?
(I/watch) television.
(you/go) out tom orrow night?
Yes,..................................................... (I/go) to the cinema.
W hich f i l m .................................................................................. ( y o u / s e e ) ?
.................................. (I/n o t/k n o w )
(I/not/decide) yet.
Are you on holiday here?
Yes, we are.
H ow lo n g ................................. .................. (you/be) here?
.......................................................... (we/arrive) yesterday.
And how lo n g ......................... .......................... (you/stay)?
U ntil the end o f next week.
(you/like) it here?
A n d ............................................
(we/have) a wonderful time.
Yes,.............................................
O h ,..................................................... (I/just/rem em ber) —.....................................................
(Karen/phone) while you were out.
..................................................... (she/always/phone) when I’m not here.
..................................................... (she/leave) a message?
N o, b u t
(she/want) you to call her back as soon as possible.
O K ,..................................................... (I/phone) her now.
..................................................... (you/know) her number?
It’s in my address b o o k ............................................................ (I/get) it for you.
..................................................... (I/go) out w ith Chris and Steve this evening.
..................................................... (you/want) to com e with us?
Yes, w h e re ..................................................... (you/go)?
To the Italian restaurant in N o rth Street.......................................................... (you/ever/eat)
there?
Yes,..................................................... (I/be) there two or three times. In fact I
..................................................... (go) there last night, but I’d love to go again!
..................................................... (I/lose) my glasses again.
..................................................... (you/see) them?
..................................................... (you/wear) them
w h e n ...................................................... (I/com e) in.
W ell,..................................................... (I/not/w ear)
them now, so where are they?
..................................................... (you/look) in the kitchen?
N o , ..................................................... (I/go) and look now.
265
Additional exercises
past, prese n t and f u t ure
30
U n its 3 - 2 2 , 2 5 - 2 8 , 5 2 , 5 4 , 9 8 , 1 0 5
Rachel is talk in g about her best friend, Carolyn. Put the verbs in the correct form .
/ Carolyn is my best friend. I remem ber very well the first time
(l) ......................................... (we/m eet). It was our first day at secondary
school, and (2) ..................................................... (we/sit) next to each other
for the first lesson. (3) .................................................... (w e/not/know ) any
other students in our class, and so (4) ........................................ (we/becom e)
friends. We found that (5) .................................... (we/like) the same things,
especially music and sport, and so (6) ............................................ (we/spend)
a lot o f time together.
Rachel
31
(7) .......................................... (we/leave) school five years ago, but
(8) ......................................... (we/m eet) as often as we can. For the last six
months Carolyn (9) .......................................... (be) in M exico —at the
m om ent (10) .......................................... (she/work) in a school as a teaching
assistant, (li) ............................................ (she/come) back to England next
m onth, and w hen (12) ............................................... (she/com e) back,
(13) ..................................... .......... (we/have) lots o f things to talk about.
\ n 4 ) ................................................ (it/be) really nice to see her again.
^
Nick and his friend Jon are travelling round the world. Read the emails betw een Nick
and his parents, and put the verbs in the correct form .
n
—
- .....
j p i h
D ear M um and Dad
W e’re in Los Angeles, the first stop on our round-the-w orld
trip! (l) .... W e a rriv e d . ... (we/arrive) here yesterday, and now
(2) ................................................ (we/stay) at a hotel near the
airport. T he flight was twelve hours, but (3 ) ......................................................
(we/enjoy) it. (4) ................................................ (we/watch)
some films and (5) ................................... (sleep) a few hours,
w hich is unusual for me —usually (6) ...........................................
(1/not/sleep) well on planes.
Today is a rest day for us and (7)...............................................
(w e/not/do) anything special, but tom orrow
(8 ) .............................................. (we/go) to Hollywood
(9) ................................... (see) the film studios.
( 10 ) ............................................................ (w e/not/decide) yet
w hat to do after Los Angeles. Jon ( li) ...................................
(want) to drive up the coast to San Francisco, but I’d prefer
( 12 ) ................................... (go) south to San Diego.
I hope all is well with you —( 13) ................................... (I/send)
you another email next week.
Love
N ick
-T
266
Additional exercises
□ .... —
—
-a
^==-'==
as
D ear Nick
Thanks for your mail. It’s good to hear that (14) ................................................. (you/have)
a good time. We're fine - Ellie and Jo (15) ................................................ (work) hard for
their exams next m onth. Dad has been busy at work and last week
(16)
(he/have) a lot o f im portant meetings. H e’s a little
tired - I think (17) ................................................ (he/need) a good holiday.
Keep in touch!
Love
M um
4A m onth later ...
□
SE
Hi M u m and Dad
( 18 ) .............................. (we/be) in California for a m onth now. (19) ............................. (we/get)
back to Los Angeles yesterday after (2 0 ) .................................... (see) many wonderful places.
I think the place (2 1 ) ................................... (I/like) most was Yosemite National Park it’s beautiful there and (2 2 ) ................................... (we/go) cycling a lot. T he day before
(23) ................................... (we/leave),Jon (24) ...................................
(have)anaccident
on his
bike. Luckily ( 2 5 ) ............................................................ (he/not/injure), but the bike
(26) ............................................... (damage).
............................................... (we/change) our travel plans since my last message: now
(2 8 ) ............................................... (we/leave) tor Hawaii on M onday (notTuesday).
(29) ............................................... (we/stay) there for a week before ( 3 0 ) ...............................................
(fly) to N ew Zealand. (31) ................................................ (that/be) different, Pm sure!
All the best to Ellie and Jo for their exams.
(27)
Love
N ick
□
-
^
....n
r . : - =
m m s
H i N ick
Have a good time in Hawaii! Ellie and Jo (32) ................................... (finish) their exams
yesterday - ( 3 3 ) .................................. (I/let) you know when (34) .................................. (we/get)
the results.
W e’re all OK. Dad and 1 ( 3 5 ) ........................................................... (look) tonvard to our
holiday next m onth. (36) ............................................... (we/go) to Italy for two weeks —
(37) ............................................... (we/send) you an email from there.
Take care!
Love
M um
▼
267
Additional exercises
Units 5 1 -5 5 , 105, 112
-in g and to ...
32
W hich is correct?
1 D o n ’t fo rg e t to i-wtfch (5 ) .... off the light before you go out.
A switch
B to switch
C switching
2 It’s late. I m u s t..................................................now.
A go
B to go
C going
3 I’m sorry, but I haven’t got tim e ................................................. to you now.
A for talking
B to talk
C talking
4 Gary is always in the kitchen. H e en jo y s..................................................
A cook
B to cook
C cooking
5 We’ve d e c id e d ................................................. away for a few days.
A go
B to go
C going
6 You’re m aking too m uch noise. Can you please stop .................................................. ?
A shout
B to shout
C shouting
7
W ould you l i k e
A com e
B to com e
to dinner on Sunday?
C com ing
8 T hat bag is too heavy for
you. Let m e ......................................... you.
A help
B to help
C helping
9 T h ere’s a swim m ing pool near my house. I g o
A to swim
B to swimming
C swimming
every day.
10 D id you use a d ictio n ary ................................................ the letter?
A to translate
B for translating
C for translate
I I I'd love ..................................................a car like yours.
A have
B to have
C having
12 Could you ..................................................me w ith this bag, please?
A help
B to help
C helping
13 I d o n ’t m i n d ............................................... here, but I’d prefer to sit by the window.
A sit
B to sit
C sitting
14 D o you w a n t................................................ you?
A that I help
B me to help
C me helping
15 I usually read the newspaper b e fo re ..................................................work.
A start
B to start
C starting
16 I wasn’t feeling very well, but the medicine made m e ..................................................better.
A feel
B to feel
C feeling
17 Shall I phone the restaurant................................................ a table?
A for reserve
B for reserving
C to reserve
18 Tom looked at me w ith o u t..................................................anything.
A say
B saying
C to say
268
Additional exercises
a and th e
33
Units 65, 6 9 -7 3
C om plete the sentences.
2 69
Additional exercises
34
W rite a /a n or th e if necessary. If a /a n /th e are not necessary, leave an em p ty space ( - ) .
W h o i s th e ....b est player in your team?
I d o n ’t w a tc h .....7. television very often.
elK| Qf ^ is street.’
‘Is th e r e & ........bank near here?’ ‘Yes, a t th e
I can’t r i d e
horse.
sky is very clear tonight.
D o you live here, or are you
tourist?
W hat did you have f o r
lunch?
W ho w a s
first President o f ............. U nited States?
‘W hat time is it?
‘I d o n ’t know. I haven’t g o t
watch.’
I’m sorry, but I’ve forgotten your name. I can never re m e m b e r
names.
W hat time i s
next train to London?
Kate never se n d s
emails. She prefers to phone people.
‘W h ere’s Sue?’
‘She’s i n
garden.’
Excuse me, I’m looking f o r
Majestic Hotel. Is it near here?
Gary was i l l last week, so he didn’t go t o
work.
Everest i s
highest m ountain i n
world.
I usually listen t o
radio while I’m h a v in g
breakfast.
I lik e
sport. M y favourite sport i s
basketball.
Julia i s ............ doctor. H er husband i s
art teacher.
M y apartm ent is o n
second floor. Turn left a t
top o f
stairs, and it’s on
right.
21 A fte r
dinner, we w a tc h e d
television.
22 Last year we h a d
wonderful holiday i n
south o f
France.
.
]
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Units 103 -1 08, 111
prepositions
35
Write a preposition (in/for/by etc.).
1 H elen is studying l a w
4t?
university.
Europe?
Is there an y th in g
television this evening?
We a rriv e d
the hotel after midnight.
‘W h ere’s M ike?’‘H e ’s
holiday.’
Tom hasn’t got up yet. H e ’s s till
bed.
Lisa is away. She’s been aw ay
Monday.
T he next m eeting i s
15 April.
I usually go to w o r k
car.
T here’s too m uch su g a r
my coffee.
Kevin lived in L o n d o n
six months. H e didn’t like it very much.
Were there a lot o f p e o p le
the party?
W hat are you d o in g
the m oment? Are you working?
1 do n ’t know any o f the p e o p le
this photograph.
T he train was very slow. It s to p p e d
every station.
I like this room. I like the p ictu re s
the walls.
‘Did you buy that picture?’
‘No, it was given to m e
a friend o f mine.’
I’m going aw ay
a few days. I’ll be b a c k
Thursday.
Silvia has g o n e
Italy. She’s
Milan at the m om ent.
Em m a left sc h o o l
fifteen and got a j o b
a shop.
2 W hat is the longest riv e r
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
270
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use this study guide.
You have to decide which alternative (A, B, C etc.) is right. SO M ETIM ES M O R E T H A N O N E
A LTER N A TIV E IS C O R R E C T .
If you d o n ’t know (or if you are no t sure) which alternatives are correct, study the unit (or units) on
the right. You will find the correct sentence in the unit.
T he key to this study guide is on page 314.
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
STUDY
UNIT
Present
1.1
A I cold
1.2
Can you close the window, please?
B I’m cold
C I have cold
D It has cold
loin
A isn’t interested
in politics.
B not interested
C doesn’t interested
1.3
"..................................... ?’
No. she’s out.’
A Is at hom e your m other
B Does your m other at hom e
C Is your m other at hom e
D Are your m other at hom e
1.4
These postcards are nice........................................
A H ow much are they?
B H ow many are they?
D H ow much is they?
1.5
D doesn’t interest
C H ow much they are?
Look, there’s Sarah.......................................... a brown coat.
A She wearing
B She has wearing
C She is wearing
D She’s wearing
1.6
You can turn off the television........................................ it.
A I’m not watch
B I'm not watching
C I not watching
D I do n ’t watching
1.7
‘..................................... today?’
‘N o, he’s at home.’
A Is working Paul
B Is work Paul
C Is Paul work
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
Look, there’s Emily! ...
A W here she is going?
D W here she going?
B W here she go?
D Is Paul working
C W here’s she going?
T he e a r th ..................................... round the sun.
A going
B go
C goes
D does go
E is go
W e ..................................... away at weekends.
A often go
B go often
C often going
D are often go
5, 23, 94
We ..................................... television very often.
A not watch
B doesn’t watch
C d o n ’t watch
E watch not
D d o n ’t watching
1.12
‘..................................... on Sundays?’ ‘N o, not usually.’
A D o you work
B Are you work
C Does you work
D D o you working
E W o rk you
1.13
I d o n ’t understand this sentence. W h a t..................................... ?
A mean this word
B means this word
C does mean this word
D does this word mean
E this word means
271
Study guide
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
1.14
1.15
Please be quiet.
A I working.
B I work.
STUDY
UNIT
C I’m working.
D I’m work.
T o m ..................................... a shower every m orning.
A has
B having
C is having
D have
1.16 W h a t ..................................... at the weekend?
A do you usually
B are you usually doing
D do you usually do
E you do usually
C are you usually do
1.17
Sarah isn’t feeling well..........................................a headache.
A She have
B She have got
C She has
D She’s got
1.18
Tracey and J e f f ..................................... any children.
A d o n ’t have
B doesn’t have
C no have
D haven’t got
E hasn’t got
Past
2.1
2.2
T he w e a th e r................................... last week.
A is good
B was good
C were good
W h y ...................................... late this morning?
A you was
B did you
C was you
D good
E had good
D you were
E were you
2.3
T e r ry ...................................... in a bank from 1996 to 2003.
A work
B working
C works
D worked
E was w ork
2.4
C a ro lin e .................................... to the cinema three times last week.
A go
B w ent
C goes
D got
E was
2.5
I
A didn’t watch
E didn’t watching
television yesterday.
B didn’t watched
C wasn’t watched
2.6
‘H o w ...................................... ?’ ‘I d o n ’t know. Ididn’t see it.’
A happened the accident
B did happen the accident
C does the accident happen
D did the accident happen
E the accident happened
2.7
W h a t.......................................at 11.30 yesterday?
A were you doing
B was you doing
C you were doing
E you was doing
12, 23
D don’t watch
2.8
Jack was reading a book w hen the p h o n e ......................................
A ringing
B ring
C rang
D was ringing
E was ring
2.9
I saw Lucy and Steve this m orning. T h e y
A waiting
B waited
C were waiting
D were you do
at the bus stop.
D was waiting
E were waited
Present perfect
3.1
3.2
272
‘W here’s R ebecca?’ ’.....................
A She is gone
B She has gone
E She’s gone
to bed.’
C She goes
‘Are Diane and Paul here?’ ‘No, th e y ..........
A d on’t arrive yet
B have already arrived
D haven’t arrived yet
D She have gone
C haven’t already arrived
Study guide
STUDY
UNIT
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
3.3
M y siste r.....................................by plane.
A has never travel
B has never travelled
C is never travelled
D has never been travelled
E have never travelled
17, 23
3.4
................................... that w om an before, but I can’t rem em ber where.
A I see
B I seen
C I’ve saw
D I ’ve seen
E I’ve seeing
17, 23
3.5
‘Since 1998.’
‘H ow lo n g .....................................m arried?’
A you are
B you have been
C has you been
D are you
E have you been
18
3.6
‘D o you know Lisa?’
‘Y es,..................................... her for a long time.’
A I knew
B I’ve know n
C I know
D I am know ing
18
3.7
R ichard has been in C a n a d a ......................................
A for six months
B since six m onths
C six m onths ago
19, 104
D in six months
3.8
‘W hen did Tom go out?’ ‘.................................... ’
A For ten minutes.
B Since ten minutes.
C Ten minutes ago.
D In ten minutes.
3.9
W e ....................................... a holiday last year.
A d o n ’t have
B haven’t had
C hasn’t had
E didn’t had
3.10
19
20
D didn’t have
W h e r e ................................... on Sunday afternoon? I couldn’t find you.
A you were
B you have been
C was you
D have you been
E were you
20
Passive
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
This h o u s e ................................... 100 years ago.
A is built
B is building
C was building
21, 23
D was built
W e ...................................... to the party last week.
A didn’t invite
B didn’t invited
C w eren’t invited
E haven’t been invited
‘W h e r e ..................................born?’ ‘In Cairo.’
A you are
B you were
C was you
D are you
E built
21. 23
D wasn’t invited
21
E were you
My car is at the garage. I t .......................................
A is being repaired
B is repairing
C have been repaired
E repairs
22
D repaired
I can’t find my keys. I t h in k ......................................
A they’ve been stolen
B they are stolen
C they’ve stolen
D they’re being stolen
22
Verb form s
5.1
5.2
I t .................................... , so we didn’t need an umbrella.
A wasn’t rained
B wasn’t rain
C didn’t raining
Som ebody
A has broke
B has broken
this window.
C has breaked
23
D wasn’t raining
24
D has break
273
Study guide
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
STUDY
UNIT
Future
6.1
A n d re w .................................... tennis tomorrow.
A is playing
B play
C plays
D is play
6.2
A Are you going
E D o you going
out tonight?
B Are you go
25
25
C Do you go
D Go you
6.3
‘W hat time is the concert tonight?’ ‘I t .......................
... at 7.30.’
A is start
B is starting
C starts
D start
E starting
25
6.4
W h a t......................................to the wedding next week?
A are you wearing
B are you going to wear
C do you wear
D you are going to wear
26
6.5
I think K e lly ................................... the exam.
A passes
B will pass
C will be pass
27
D will passing
6.6
.................................... to the cinema on Saturday. D o you want to c o m e w ith us?
A We go
B W e’ll go
C W e’re going
D We will going
27
6.7
‘...................................... you tomorrow, O K ?’ ‘OK, bye.’
A I phone
B I phoning
C I’m phoning
D I’ll phone
28
6.8
T h ere’s a good film on TV tonight..........................................it.
A I watch
B I’ll watch
C I’m going to watch
D I’ll watching
28
6.9
It’s a nice day.
A D o we go
28
..................................... for a walk?
B Shall we go
C Are we go
D We go
E Go we
Modals, im perative etc.
7.1
.................................... to the cinema this evening, but I’m not sure.
A I’ll go
B I’m going
C I may go
D I m ight go
29
7.2
‘.................................... here?’
A Can I sit
B D o I sit
29, 30
D C an I to sit
7.3
I’m having a party next week, but Paul and R a c h e l......................................
A can’t com e
B can’t to come
C can’t com ing
D couldn’t come
30
7.4
Before M aria came to Britain, s h e ..................................... understand much English.
A can
B can’t
C not
D couldn’t
E doesn’t
30
7.5
W e ..................................... walk hom e last night. There were no buses.
A have to
B had to
C must
D must to
E must have
31, 33
7.6
I
A must
31
7.7
274
‘Yes, o f course.’
C May I sit
................. go yet. I can stay a little longer.
B m ustn’t
C must not
D d o n ’t need
It’s a good film. Y o u ..................................... go and see it.
A should to
B ought to
C ought
D should
E don’t need to
32
E need
7.8
W hat time ................................... go to the dentist tomorrow?
A you must
B you have to
C have you to
D do you have to
33
7.9
W e ......................
A d o n ’t have to
33
wait long for the bus —it came in a few minutes.
B hadn’t to
C didn’t have to
D didn’t had to
E m ustn’t
Study guide
STUDY
UNIT
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
7.10
‘................................... some coffee?’
A Are you liking
B You like
‘No, thank you.’
C W ould you like
34
D D o you like
7.11
P le a se ...................................... Stay here w ith me.
A d o n ’t go
B you no go
C go not
D you don’t go
35
7.12
D a v e ................................... in a factory. N ow he works in a supermarket.
A working
B works
C worked
D use to work
E used to work
36
There and it
8.1
Excuse m e ,
A has there
B is there
a hotel near here?
C there is
D is it
37
8.2
......................................a lot o f accidents on this road. It’s very dangerous.
A Have
B It has
C There have
D They are
E There are
37
8.3
I was hungry when I got home, b u t .................................
anything to eat.
A there wasn’t
B there w eren’t
C it wasn’t
D there hasn’t been
38
8.4
................................... three kilometres from our house to the city centre.
A It’s
B It has
C T here is
D There are
39
8.5
................................... true that you’re going away?
A Is there
B Is it
C Is
D Are you
39
A u xiliary verbs
9.1
I haven’t got a car, but my siste r......................................
A have
B is
C has
D hasn’t
E has got
40
9.2
I d o n ’t like hot weather, but S u e ................................... .
A does
B doesn’t
C do
D does like
E likes
40
9.3
‘Nicole got m arried last week.’
‘..................................... Really?’
A Is she?
B Got she?
C Did she?
D Has she?
41
9.4
You haven’t m et my m o th e r,..................................... ?
A haven’t you
B have you
C did you
D you have
41
E you haven’t
9.5
Bill doesn’t watch TV. H e doesn’t read new spapers......................................
A too
B either
C neither
D never
42
9.6
‘I’d like to go to Australia.’
A So do I.
B So am I.
E So I would.
42
9.7
Sue
............................. m uch at weekends.
A d o n ’t
B doesn’t
C d o n ’t do
D doesn’t do
‘....................................’
C So would I.
D N either do I.
43
Questions
10.1
‘W h e n
?’ ‘I’m not sure. M ore than 100 years ago.’
A did the telephone invent
B has the telephone invented
C was invented the telephone
D was the telephone invented
E the telephone was invented
44
10.2
‘I broke my finger last week.’ ‘H o w .................................... that?’
B you did
C you did do
D did you do
A did you
44
275
Study guide
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
STUDY
UNIT
10.3
W h y ..................................... me last night? I was waiting for you to phone.
A didn’t you phone
B you not phone
C you don’t phone
D you didn’t phone
44
10.4
‘W ho .....................................in this house?’
A lives
B does live
C does lives
45
10.5
W h a t....................................w hen you told him the story?
A said Paul
B did Paul say
C Paul said
D did Paul said
45
10.6
‘Tom ’s father is in hospital.’
A In w hich hospital he is?
C W hich hospital he is in?
46
10.7
Did you have a good holiday?
A H ow was the w eather like?
C W hat the w eather was like?
10.8
A W ho is
10.9
‘I don’t know.’
D living
B In w hich hospital he is in?
D W hich hospital is he in?
46
B W hat was the weather like?
D Was the weather like?
taller —Joe or Gary?
B W hat is
C W hich is
47
D W ho has
There are four umbrellas here......................................... is yours?
A W hat
B W ho
C W hich
D H ow
E W hich one
47, 75
10.10 H ow lo n g .................................... to cross the Atlantic by ship?
A is it
B does it need
C does it take
D does it want
48
10.11 1 d o n ’t rem em ber w h a t..................................... at the party.
A Kate was wearing
B was wearing Kate
C was Kate wearing
49
10.12 ‘D o you k n o w ....................................?’
‘Yes, I think so.’
A ifjac k is at hom e
B isjack at hom e
C w h eth erjack is at hom e
D that Jack is at hom e
49
Reported speech
11.1
I saw Steve a week ago. He said that .................................... me, but he didn’t.
A he phone
B he phones
C h e’ll phone
D h e’s going to phone
E he w ould phone
50
11.2
‘W hy did T im go to bed so early?’
‘H e ......................................’
A said he was tired
B said that he was tired
C said me he was tired
D told m e he was tired E told that he was tired
50
-in g and to ...
276
12.1
You shouldn’t ..................................... so hard.
A working
B work
C to work
D worked
12.2
It’s late. 1 ..................................... now.
A must to go
B have go
C have to going
51
51
D have to go
12.3
Tina has d e c id e d ..................................... her car.
A sell
B to sell
C selling
D to selling
52
12.4
I don't m in d ..................................... early.
A get up
B to get up
C getting up
52
D to getting up
Study guide
STUDY
UNIT
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
12.5
D o you lik e .................................... early?
A get up
B to get up
C getting up
52
D to getting up
12.6
D o you w a n t.....................................you some money?
A m e lend
B me lending
C me to lend
D that I lend
53
12.7
H e ’s very funny. H e m ak es........
A me laugh
B me laughing
53
12.8
C me to laugh
D that I laugh
Paula w ent to the s h o p ..................................... a newspaper.
A for get
B for to get
C for getting
D to get
54
E get
Go, get, do, make and have
13.1
It’s a nice day. Let’s go ......................................
B on a swim
C to swimming
A for a swim
55
D swimming
13.2
I’m sorry your m other is ill. I hope s h e ..................................... better soon.
A has
B makes
C gets
D goes
56
13.3
K a te ................................... the car and drove away.
A w ent into
B w ent in
C got in
D got into
56
13.4
‘No, it’s OK. I’l l ..................................... it.’
‘Shall I open the w indow ?’
D open
A do
B make
C get
57
13.5
I’m sorry, I ..................................... a mistake.
A did
B made
C got
D had
57
13.6
‘..................................... a good time in London?’
‘Yes, I really enjoyed it.’
A Have you
B Had you
C D o you have
D D id you have
58
Pronouns and possessives
14.1
I d o n ’t want this book. You can h a v e ......................................
A it
B them
C her
D h im
59, 62
14.2
Sue and Kevin are going to the cinema. D o you want to go
w i t h .................................... ?
A her
B they
C them
D him
59, 62
14.3
I know Donna, but I d o n ’t k n o w .................................... husband.
A their
B his
C she
D her
60, 62
14.4
Oxford is famous f o r ..................................... university.
A his
B its
C it’s
D their
GO
14.5
I d idn’t have an umbrella, so H elen gave m e ......................................
A her
B hers
C her umbrella
D she’s
61. 62
14.6
I w ent out to m eet a friend o f ......................................
A mine
B my
C me
D 1
E myself
61, 62
14.7
We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ...........
A us
B our
C ours
D ourself
63
14.8
E ourselves
Kate and H elen are good friends. They k n o w ..................................... well.
A each other
B them
C themselves
D theirselves
63
277
Study guide
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
STUDY
UNIT
14.9
Have you m e t ................................... ?
64
A the wife o f M r Black
B M r Black wife
D M r Black’s wife
E the M r Black’s wife
C the wife M r Black
14.10 Have y o u s e e n ................................... ?
A the car o f my parents
B my parent’s car
D my parents car
64
C my parents’ car
A and the
15.1
I’m going to b u y ......................................
65, 67
A hat and umbrella
B a hat and a umbrella
D an hat and an umbrella
15.2
‘W h at’s your jo b ?’
A I dentist.
15.3
C a hat and an umbrella
‘................................... ’
C I’m dentist.
B I’m a dentist.
65
D I do dentist.
I’m going shopping. I need ......................................
B a new jeans
C a new pair o f jeans
66
I like the people here....................................... very friendly.
B T hey are
C T hey is
D It is
E H e is
66
We can’t get into the house w ith o u t......................................
A some key
B a key
C key
67
I’d l i k e ....................................about hotels in London.
B some informations
C an inform ation
68
We enjoyed our holiday.
B A hotel
69. 70
A some new jeans
D a new pair jeans
15.4
A She is
15.5
15.6
A some inform ation
15.7
A H otel
15.8
................................... was very nice.
C An hotel
D T he hotel
My house is a t ......................................
B end o f the street
D the end o f street
A end o f street
15.9
70
C the end o f the street
W hat did you have for ...................................?
B breakfast
C a breakfast
70
15.10 I fin ish ....................................at 5 o ’clock every day.
A the work
B w ork
C a w ork
71
A the breakfast
15.11 I’m tired. I ’m g o in g ......................................
A in bed
B in the bed
C to a bed
15.12 We don’t e a t ................................... very often.
A the meat
B some meat
C a meat
278
71
D to the bed
E to bed
72
D meat
15.13 ................................... is in N ew York.
A T he Times Square
B Times Square
73
15.14 M y friends are staving a t ......................................
A the R egent H otel
B R egent H otel
73
Study guide
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
STUDY
UNIT
D eterm iners and pronouns
16.1
‘I’m going on holiday next week.’
A it’s
B this is
C that’s
‘O h ,..................................... nice.’
16.2 ‘Is there a bank nearhere?’ ‘Yes, there’s
A some
B it
C one
D a one
at the end o f this street.’
74
75
16.3
This cup is dirty. Can I h a v e ................................... ?
A clean one
B a clean one
C clean
D a clean
75
16.4
I’m going shopping. I’m going to b u y ..................................... clothes.
A any
B some
76
16.5 ‘W h ere’s your luggage?’ ‘I haven’t g o t ....................................... ’
A one
B some
C any
76
16.6 Tracey and J e f f ......................................
A have got no children
B haven’t got no children
D have got any children
77, 78
16.7
‘H ow much m oney have you got?’
A No.
B N o-one.
C Any.
C haven’t got any children
‘....................................’
D None.
77
16.8 T here i s ....................................in the room. It’s empty.
A anybody
B nobody
C anyone
D no-one
16.10
‘W hat did you say?’
' .................................... ’
A N othing.
B Nobody.
C Anything.
0°
16.9
78, 79
I’m hungry. I want .
A som ething for eat
79
B som ething to eat
C som ething for eating
16.11 Bill watches TV for about two h o u rs ......................................
A all evening
B all evenings
C all the evenings
E every evening
80
D every evenings
16.12 ................................... friends.
A Everybody need B Everybody needs
C Everyone need
16.13 ..................................... children like playing.
A M ost
B The most
C M ost o f
D T he most o f
80
D Everyone needs
81
16.14 I l ik e .................................... those pictures.
A both
B both o f
C either
D either o f
82
16.15 I haven’t re a d
A neither
B neither o f
82
these books.
C either
D either o f
16.16 Have you g o t ..................................... friends?
A a lot o f
B m uch
C many
D m uch o f
83
E many o f
16.17 We like films, so we go to the c in e m a
...........................
A a lot o f
B much
C many
D a lot
83
16.18 T here w e r e
A a little
B few
84
16.19 They h a v e
A a little
B a few
79
D N o t anything.
C little
people in the theatre. It was nearly empty.
D a few o f
money, so they’re not poor.
C few
D little
E little o f
84
279
Study guide
STUDY
UNIT
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
Adjectives and adverbs
17.1
1 d o n ’t speak a n y ......................................
B languages foreign
A foreign languages
17.2
C languages roreigns
He ate his dinner v e r y ......................................
B quicker
C quickly
A quick
17.3
You speak English v e r y ......................................
B fluent
C well
D slow
A good
17.4
Helen w a n ts ......................................
B a car m ore big
A a m ore big car
17.5
C a car bigger
D a bigger car
‘Do you feel better today?’ ‘No, I fe e l...................................... ’
B worse
c more bad
D m ore worse
A good
17.6
Athens is o ld e r ................................... R om e.
B than
C that
D of
A as
17.7
17.8
17.9
1 can run fa ste r......................................
A than him
B that he can
C than he can
D as he can
Tennis isn’t ...................................football.
A popular as
B popular than
C as popular than
E as popular as
E as he
D so popular that
T he w eather today is the same .....................................yesterday.
A as
B that
C than
D like
17.10 T he Europa H otel i s ..................................... in the city.
A the m ore expensive hotel
B the most expensive hotel
C the hotel m ost expensive
D the hotel the more expensive
E the hotel m ore expensive
17.11 T he film was very bad. I think it’s t h e .....................................film I’ve ever seen.
A worse
B baddest
C most bad
D worst
E m ore worse
17.12 W hy d o n ’t you buy a car? You’ve g o t ......................................
A enough m oney
B m oney enough
C enough o f m oney
17.13 Is your English ................................... a conversation?
A enough good to have
B good enough for have
D good enough to have
... out.
17.14 I’m
A too tired for go
IB too m uch tired for going
D too m uch tired to go
C enough good for
C too tired to go
W ord order
2 80
18.1
Sue is interested in the news. S h e ......................................
A reads every day a newspaper
B reads a newspaper every day
C every day reads a newspaper
18.2
..................................... coffee in the m orning.
A I drink always
B Always I drink
C I always drink
Study guide
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
STUDY
UNIT
18.3 ....................................during the day.
A They areat hom e never
B They are never at hom e
C They never are at hom e
D Never they are at hom e
94
18.4
‘W h ere’s Emma?’ ‘S h e .........................................’
A isn’t here yet
B isn’t here already
C isn’t here still
95
18.5
I locked the door and I g a v e ......................................
A Sarah the keys
B to Sarah the keys
C the keys Sarah
D the keys to Sarah
96
C onjunctions and clauses
19.1
I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later w h e n .......................................more time.
A I’ll have
B I had
C I have
D I’Tn going to have
98
19.2 ....................................late this evening, d o n ’t wait for me.
A If I’m
B If I’ll be
C W hen I’m
D W hen I’ll be
99
19.3
I d o n ’t know the answer. If I ................................... the answer, I’d tell you.
A know
B would know
C have know n
D knew
100
19.4
I like this jacket
A I buy
B I’ll buy
100
C I bought
it it it wasn’t so expensive.
D I’d bought
E I’d buy
19.5
Em m a lives in a h o u s e ..................................... is 400 years old.
A w ho
B that
C w hich
D it
E what
101
19.6
T he p e o p le ..................................... w ork in the office are very friendly.
A w ho
B that
C they
D w hich
E what
101
19.7
D id you find the b o o k .................................... ?
A w ho you wanted
B that you wanted
D you wanted
E you wanted it
102
19.8
C what you wanted
I m e t ................................... can speak six languages.
A a woman who
B a wom an w hich
C a w om an
102
D a woman she
Prepositions
20.1
Bye! I’ll see y o u ......................................
A until Friday
B at Friday
C in Friday
103
D on Friday
20.2
H urry! T he train leaves.................................... five minutes.
A at
B on
C trom
D atter
E in
103
20.3
‘H ow long will you be away?’
A On
B To
C Until
104
20.4
We played tennis yesterday. We p lay ed .................................... two hours.
A in
B tor
C since
D during
105
20.5
I always have breakfast b e fo re ................................... to work.
A I go
B go
C to go
D going
105
20.6
W rite your n a m e ..................................... the top o f the page.
A at
B on
C in
D to
106
‘..................................... Monday.’
D Till
E Since
281
Study guide
STUDY
UNIT
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH IS RIGHT
20.7
T here are a lot o f ap p les.................................... those trees.
A at
B on
C in
D to
106
20.8
W h at’s the largest c ity ..................................... the world?
A at
B on
C in
D of
107
20.9
T he office i s ................................... the first floor.
A at
B on
C in
D to
107
20.10 I m et a lot o f p e o p le .................................... the party.
A on
B to
C in
D at
108
20.11 I want to go ................................... Italy next year.
A at
B on
C in
D to
10 8
20.12 W hat time did you arrive .................................... the hotel?
A at
B on
C in
D to
108
20.13 ‘W here is David in this picture?’ ‘H e ’s ..................................... Barbara.’
A at front o f
B in the front o f
C in front o f
D in front from
109
20.14 I ju m p e d .................................... the wall into the garden.
A on
B through
C across
D over
E above
110
20.15 Jane isn’t at w ork this week. She’s ..................................... holiday.
A on
B in
C for
D to
E at
111
20.16 D o you like travelling..................................... ?
A w ith train
B w ith the train
C in train
111
D on train
E by train
20.17 I’m not very g o o d ................................... telling stories.
A on
B w ith
C at
D in
E for
112
20.18 Tom left w ith o u t..................................... goodbye.
A say
B saying
C to say
D that he said
112
20.19 I’m going to p h o n e .................................... this evening.
A w ith my parents
B to my parents
C at my parents
20.20 ‘D o you like eating in restaurants?’
A in
B at
C of
D on
113
D my parents
‘It d ep e n d s..................................... the restaurant.’
E over
113
Phrasal verbs
21.1
The car stopped and a wom an g o t ......................................
A off
B dow n
C out
D out of
114
21.2
It was cold, so I ......................................
A put on my coat
B put my coat on
D put me the coat on
115
21.3
282
C put the coat on me
I’ve got R achel’s keys. I have t o ..................................... to her.
A give back
B give them back
C give back them
115
D give it back
Key to Exercises
U N IT 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
they’re
it isn’t / it’s not
that’s
I’m not
you aren’t / you’re not
1,.2
2 ’m /am
3 is
4 are
5 ’s/is
9 I’m /I am a good
swimmer, or
I’m not/I am not a good
swimmer.
10 I’m /I am interested in
football. or
I’m not/I am not
interested in football.
UNIT 3
3.1
2 ’s/is waiting
3 ’re/are playing
4 H e’s/H e is lying
5 They’re/They are having
6 She’s/She is sitting
3.2
6 are
7 is ... are
8 ’m /am ... is
1,.3
2 I’m / I am
3 H e’s / He is
4 they’re / they are
5 It’s / It is
6 You’re /Y ou are
7 She’s / She is
8 H ere’s / Here is
1.4
E xa m p le answers:
1
2
3
4
5
My name is Robert.
I’m from Australia.
I’m 25.
I’m a gardener.
My favourite colours are
black and white.
6 I’m interested in plants.
1.5
2
3
4
5
T hey’re / They are cold.
H e’s / He is hot.
H e’s / He is afraid.
They’re / They are
hungry.
6 She’s / She is angry.
1.6
2 It’s/It is windy today, or
It isn’t / i t ’s not windy
today.
3 My hands are cold, or
My hands aren’t/are not
cold.
4 Brazil is a very big
country.
5 Diamonds aren’t/are not
cheap.
6 Toronto isn’t/is not in the
US.
8 I’m /I am hungry, or
I’m n ot/I am not hungry.
UNIT 2
2. 1
2
3
4
5
F
H
C
A
6
7
8
9
E
B
I
D
2.2
3 Is your job interesting?
4 Are the shops open today?
5 Where are you from?
6 Are you interested in
sport?
7 Is the post office near
here?
8 Are your children at
school?
9 Why are you late?
2.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
W here’s / W here is
How old are
How much are
W hat’s / W hat is
W ho’s / W ho is
What colour are
2.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
Are you American?
How old are you?
Are you a teacher?
Are you married?
Is your wife a lawyer?
W here’s/W here is she
from?
8 W hat’s/W hat is her name?
9 How old is she?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
’s/is cooking
’re/are standing
’s/is swimming
’re/are staying
’s/is having
’re/are building
’m /am going
3.3
3 She’s/She is sitting on the
floor.
4 She isn’t/She’s not
reading a book.
5 She isn’t/She’s not
playing the piano.
6 She’s/She is laughing.
7 She’s/She is wearing a
hat.
8 She isn’t/She’s not
writing a letter.
3.4
3 I’m sitting on a chair, or
I’m not sitting on a chair.
4 I’m eating, or
I’m not eating.
5 It’s raining, or
It isn’t raining. / It’s not
raining.
6 I’m learning English.
7 I’m listening to music, or
I’m not listening to music.
8 The sun is shining, or
The sun isn’t shining.
9 I’rn wearing shoes, or
I’m not wearing shoes.
10 I’m not reading a
newspaper.
2.5
2 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
3 Yes, it is. or
No, it isn’t. / No, it’s not.
4 Yes, they are. or
No, they aren’t. / No,
they’re not.
5 Yes, it is. or
No, it isn’t. / No, it’s not.
6 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
UNIT 4
4.1
2
3
4
5
6
Are you going now?
Is it raining?
Are you enjoying the film?
Is that clock working?
Are you waiting for a bus?
283
Key to Exercises
4 .2
2
3
4
5
6
Where is she going?
W hat are you eating?
Why are you crying?
W hat are they looking at?
Why is he laughing?
4 .3
3 Are you listening to me?
4 W here are your friends
going?
5 Are your parents watching
television?
6 W hat is Jessica cooking?
7 W hy are you looking at
me?
8 Is the bus coming?
4 .4
2 Yes, I am. or
3 Yes, I am. or
4 Yes, it is. or
No, it isn’t. /
5 Yes, I am. or
6 Yes, I am. or
No, I’m not.
No, I’m not.
No, it’s not.
No, I’m not.
No, I’m not.
UNIT 5
5.1
2 thinks
3 flies
4 dances
5 has
6 finishes
5.2
2 live
3 She eats
4 He plays
5 They go
6 He sleeps
5 .3
2
3
4
5
6
open
closes
teaches
meet
washes
7
8
9
10
costs
cost
boils
like .
5 .4
2 I never go to the cinema.
3 iVlartina always works
hard.
4 Children usually like
chocolate.
5 Julia always enjoys parties.
6 I often forget people’s
names.
7 Tim never watches
television.
8 We usually have dinner at
7.30.
9 Jenny always wears nice
clothes.
284
5 .5
E xam ple answers:
2 I sometimes read in bed.
3 I often get up before
7 o’clock.
4 I never go to work by bus.
5 I usually drink two cups of
coffee in the morning.
UNIT 6
6.1
2 Jane doesn’t play the piano
very well.
3 They don’t know my
phone number.
4 We don’t work very hard.
5 He doesn’t have a bath
every day.
6 You don’t do the same
thing every day.
6.2
2 Kate doesn’t like classical
music.
I like (or I don’t like)
classical music.
3 Ben and Sophie don’t like
boxing.
Kate likes boxing.
I like (or I don’t like)
boxing.
4 Ben and Sophie like
horror films,
Kate doesn’t like horror
films.
I like (or I don’t like)
horror films.
6.3
E xam ple answers:
2 I never go to the theatre.
3 I don’t ride a bicycle very
often.
4 I never eat in restaurants.
5 I often travel by train.
6.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
doesn’t use
don’t go
doesn’t wear
don’t know
doesn’t cost
don’t see
UNIT 7
7.1
2 Do you play tennis?
3 Does Lucy live near here?
4 Do Tom’s friends play
tennis? / Do they play
tennis?
5 Does your brother speak
English? / Does he speak
English?
6 Do you do yoga every
morning?
7 Does Paul often go away? /
Does he often go away?
8 Do you want to be
famous?
9 Does Anna work hard? /
Does she work hard?
7.2
3 How often do you watch
TV?
4 What do you want for
dinner?
5 Do you like football?
6 Does your brother like
football?
7 W hat do you do in your
free time?
8 W here does your sister
work?
9 Do you often go to the
cinema?
10 W hat does this word
mean?
11 Does it often snow here?
12 W hat time do you usually
go to bed?
13 How much does it cost to
phone New York?
14 What do you usually have
for breakfast?
7 .3
2 Do you enjoy / Do you
like
3 do you start
4 Do you work
5 do you go
6 does he do
7 does he teach
8 Does he enjoy / Does he
like
6.5
7.4
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
3 Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
4 Yes, it does, or No, it
doesn’t.
5 Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
don’t know
doesn’t talk
drinks
don’t believe
like
doesn’t eat
Key to Exercises
UNIT 8
8.1
2 No, she isn’t.
Yes, she does.
She’s playing the piano.
3 Yes, he does.
Yes, he is.
H e’s cleaning a window.
4 No, they aren’t.
Yes, they do.
They teach.
I’ve got a dog. / I have a
8 dog.
or
I haven’t got a dog. / I
don’t have a dog.
9 I’ve got a bike. / I have a
bike, or
I haven’t got a bike. / I
don’t have a bike.
10 (E xam ple answerj I’ve got a
brother and a sister.
9.3
3 H e’s got a new job.
8.2
2 don’t
6 do
3 are
7 does
4 does
8 doesn’t
5 's/is ... don’t
8.3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
is singing
She wants
do you read
you’re sitting
I don’t understand
I’m going ... Ate you
coming
does your father finish
I’m not listening
H e’s/H e is cooking
doesn’t usually drive ...
usually walks
doesn’t like ... She prefers
UNIT 9
4 They haven’t got much
money.
5 Have you got an umbrella?
6 W e’ve got a lot of work to
do.
7 I haven’t got your phone
number.
8 Has your father got a car?
9 How much money have
we got?
9 .4
3 s got / has got (or has)
4 haven’t got (or don’t have)
5 ’ve got / have got (or
have)
6 haven’t got (or don’t
have)
7 hasn’t got (or doesn’t
have)
9.1
2
3
4
5
6
he’s got
they’ve got
she hasn’t got
it’s got
I haven’t got
9.2
2 H e ’s got a computer, or
H e has a computer.
3 H e hasn’t got a dog. or
He doesn’t have a dog.
4 He hasn’t got a mobile
phone, or
He doesn’t have a mobile
phone.
5 H e’s got a watch, or
He has a watch.
6 l i e ’s got two brothers and
a sister, or
He has two brothers and a
sister.
7 I’ve got a computer. / I
have a computer, or
I haven’t got a computer. /
I don’t have a computer.
4
5
6
7
is ... was
’m /am
was
were
6 ’re/are
7 Was
8 was
9 are ... were
10.3
2 wasn’t ... was
3 was ... were
4 ‘W ere Kate and Bill at the
party?’ ‘Kate was there,
but Bill wasn’t.’ or
‘Kate wasn’t there, but
Bill was.’
5 were
6 weren’t ... were
10.4
2 Was your exam difficult?
3 W here were Sue and
Chris last week?
4 How much was your new
camera?
5 Why were you angry
yesterday?
6 Was the weather nice last
week?
UNIT 11
11.1
9.5
3 have got four wheels
10.2
2
3
4
5
or
have four wheels
s got / has got a lot of
friends or
has a lot of friends
haven’t got a key or
don’t have a key
has got six legs or
has six legs
haven’t got much time or
don’t have much time
UNIT 10
10.1
2 Jack and Kate were at/in
the cinema.
3 Sue was at the station.
4 M r and Mrs Hall were
in/at a restaurant.
5 Ben was on the beach /
on a beach / at the beach /
at die seaside.
6 (E xam ple answer) I was at
work.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
opened
started ... finished
wanted
happened
rained
enjoyed .. . stayed
died
11.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
saw
played
paid
visited
bought
went
8
9
10
11
12
thought
copied
knew
put
spoke
9
10
11
12
13
14
checked
had
waited
departed
arrived
took
11.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
got
had
left
drove
got
parked
walked
285
Key to Exercises
11.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNIT 13
lost her keys
met her friends
bought two newspapers
went to the cinema
ate an orange
had a shower
came (to see us)
11.5
E xam ple answers:
2 I got up late yesterday.
3 I met some friends at
lunchtime.
4 I went to the supermarket.
5 I phoned a lot o f people.
6 I lost my keys.
13.2
UNIT 12
12.1
2 didn’t work 4 didn’t have
3 didn’t go
5 didn’t do
12.2
2 Did you
3 Did you
holiday?
4 Did you
5 Did you
night?
13.1
2 Jack and Kate were at the
cinema. They were
watching a film.
3 Tim was in his car. He was
driving.
4 Tracey was at the station.
She was waiting for a
train.
5 M r and Mrs Hall were in
the park. They were
walking.
6 (E xam ple answer) I was in a
cafe. I was having a drink
with some friends.
enjoy the party?
have a good
2 she was playing tennis
3 she was reading a/the
newspaper
4 she was cooking (lunch)
5 she was having breakfast
6 she was cleaning the
kitchen
13.3
finish work early?
sleep well last
2 W hat were you doing
3 Was it raining
4 W hy was Sue driving
5 Was Tim wearing
12.3
2 I got up before 7 o ’clock.
or I didn’t get up before
7 o ’clock.
3 I had a shower, or
I didn’t have a shower.
4 I bought a magazine, or
I didn’t buy a magazine.
5 I ate meat, or
I didn’t eat meat.
6 I went to bed before
10.30. or 1 didn’t go to
bed before 10.30.
13.4
2 He was carrying a bag.
3 He wasn’t going to the
dentist.
4 He was eating an ice­
cream.
5 He wasn’t carrying an
umbrella.
6 He wasn’t going home.
7 He was wearing a hat.
8 He wasn’t riding a bicycle.
UNIT 14
12.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 86
did you arrive
Did you win
did you go
did it cost
Did you go to bed late
Did you have a nice time
did it happen / did that
happen
14.1
1 happened ... was painting
... fell
2 arrived ... got ... were
waiting
3 was walking ... met ...
was going ... was carrying
... stopped
12.5
14.2
2
3
4
5
2 was studying
3 did the post arrive ...
came ... was having
4 didn’t go
5 were you driving ...
stopped ... wasn’t driving
bought
6 didn’t have
Did it rain 7 did you do
didn’t stay 8 didn’t know
opened
6 Did your team win ...
didn’t play
7 did you break ... were
playing ... kicked ... hit
8 Did you see ... was
wearing
9 were you doing
10 lost ... did you get ...
climbed
UNIT 15
15.1
2 She has/She’s closed the
door.
3 They have/They’ve gone
to bed.
4 It has/it’s stopped raining.
5 He has/H e’s had a
shower.
6 The picture has fallen
down.
15.2
2 ’ve bought / have bought
3 ’s gone / has gone
4 Have you seen
5 has broken
6 ’ve told / have told
7 has taken
8 haven’t seen
9 has she gone
10 ’ve forgotten / have
forgotten
11 ’s invited / has invited
12 Have you decided
13 haven’t told
14 ’ve read / have read
UNIT 16
16.1
2 H e’s/H e has just got up.
3 They’ve/They have just
bought a car.
4 The race has just started.
16.2
2 they’ve/they have already
seen it.
3 I’ve/I have already
phoned him.
4 H e’s/H e has already gone
(away).
5 I’ve/I have already read it.
6 She’s/She has already
started (it).
16.3
2 The bus has just gone.
3 The train hasn’t left yet.
4 He hasn’t opened it yet.
Key to Exercises
5 They’ve/They have just
finished their dinner.
6 It hasn’t stopped raining
yet.
16.4
2 Have you met your new
neighbours yet?
3 Have you paid your phone
bill yet?
4 Has Tom /he sold his car
yet?
UNIT 17
17.1
3 Have you ever
Australia?
4 Have you ever
passport?
5 Have you ever
helicopter?
6 Have you ever
7 Have you ever
N ew York?
8 Have you ever
bus?
9 Have you ever
your leg?
been to
lost your
flown in a
won a race?
been to
driven a
broken
17.2
H elen:
2 She’s/She has been to
Australia once.
3 She s/She has never won
a race.
4 She’s/She has flown in a
helicopter a few times.
17.4
UNIT 19
2 gone
3 been ... been
4 been
5 gone
6 been
7 been
8 gone
3 for
4 since
5 since
UNIT 18
18.1
3 have been
4 has been
5 have lived / have been
living
6 has worked / has been
working
7 has had
8 have been learning
19.2
E xam ple answers:
2 A year ago.
3 A few weeks ago.
4 Two hours ago.
5 Six months ago.
19.3
3 for 20 years
4 20 years ago
5 an hour ago
6 a few days ago
7 for six months
8 for a long time
18.2
19.4
2 jack has been here since
Tuesday.
3 It’s been raining for an
hour.
4 I’ve known Sue since
You (example answers):
18.3
2 She has lived in Wales all
her life.
3 They have been on
holiday since Sunday.
4 The sun has been shirting
all day.
5 She has been waiting for
ten minutes.
6 He has had a beard since
he was 20.
17.3
6 for
7 for
8 for ... since
2 How long have they been
there? or ... been in
Brazil?
3 How long have you
known her? or
... known Amy?
4 How long has she been
learning Italian?
5 How long has he lived in
Canada? / How long has
he been living ... ?
6 How long have you been
a teacher?
7 How long has it been
raining?
5 I’ve/I have never been to
New York.
6 I’ve/I have played tennis
many times.
7 I’ve/1 have never driven a
lorry.
8 I’ve/have been late for
work a few times.
2-6
She’s/She has done a lot of
interesting things.
She’s/She has travelled all
over the world, or
She’s/She has been all over
the world.
She’s/She has been married
three times.
She’s/She has written ten
books.
She’s/She has met a lot of
interesting people.
19.1
18.4
2 I know
3 I’ve known
4 have you been waiting
5 works
6 She has been reading
7 have you lived
8 I’ve had
9 is ... He has been
2002 .
5 Claire and Matthew have
been married for six
months.
6 Liz has been studying
medicine (at university)
for three years.
7 David has played / David
has been playing the
piano since he was seven
years old.
19.5
E xam ple answers:
1 I’ve lived in ... all my life.
2 I’ve been in the same job
for ten years.
3 I’ve been learning English
for six months.
4 I’ve known Chris for a
long time.
5 I’ve had a headache since I
got up this morning.
UNIT 20
20.1
2 I started (it)
3 they arrived
4 she went (away)
5 I wore it
287
Key to Exercises
20.2
3 I finished
4 OK
5 did you finish
6 OK
7 (Steve’s grandmother)
died
8 W here were you / Where
did you go
20.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
played
did you go
Have you ever met
wasn’t
’s/has visited
switched
lived
haven’t been
2 0.4
1 Did you have
was
2 Have you seen
went
haven’t seen
3 has worked / has been
working
was
worked
didn’t enjoy
4 ’ve/have seen
’ve/have never spoken
Have you ever spoken
met
21.2
2 Football is played in most
3 Why was the letter sent
to ... ?
4 ... where cars are
repaired.
5 W here were you born?
6 How many languages are
spoken ... ?
7 ... but nothing was
stolen.
8 W hen was the bicycle
invented?
21.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
is made
were damaged
was given
are shown
were invited
was made
was stolen ... was found
21.4
2 Sally was born in
Manchester.
3 Her parents were born in
Ireland.
4 I was born in ...
5 My mother was born in
UNIT 22
22.1
UNIT 21
21.1
3 Glass is made from sand.
4 Stamps are sold in a post
office.
5 This room isn’t used very
often.
6 Are we allowed to park
here?
7 How is this word
pronounced?
9 The house was painted last
mouth.
10 My phone was stolen a
few days ago.
11 Three people were injured
in the accident.
12 When was this bridge
built?
13 I wasn’t woken up by the
noise.
14 How were these windows
broken?
15 Were you invited to Jon’s
party last week?
288
2 A bridge is being built.
3 The windows are being
cleaned.
4 The grass is being cut.
8 are they called
9 were stolen
10 was damaged ... hasn’t
been repaired
UNIT 23
23.1
3
4
5
6
are
Does
Do
Is
7
8
9
10
do
Is
does
Are
23.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
don’t
’in/ain not
isn’t
don’t
doesn’t
’m /a m n o t
aren’t / ’re not
23.3
2
3
4
5
6
Did
were
was
Has
did
7
8
9
10
were
Has
did
have
23.4
2
3
4
5
svas
Have
are
were
6
7
8
9
’ve/have
is
was
has
23.5
3
4
5
6
7
eaten
8 understand
enjoying
9 listening
damaged 10 pronounced
use
11 open
gone
22.2
3 The window has been
4
5
6
7
8
broken.
The roof is being
repaired.
The car has been
damaged.
The houses are being
knocked down.
The trees have been cut
down.
They have been invited
to a party.
22.3
3 has been repaired
4
5
6
7
was repaired
are made
were they built
Is the computer being
used (or Is anybody using
the computer)
UNIT 2 4
24.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
got
brought
paid
enjoyed
bought
sat
left
10
11
12
13
14
15
happened
heard
put
caught
watched
understood
24.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
began begun
ate eaten
drank drunk
drove driven
spoke spoken
wrote written
came come
knew known
took taken
Key to Exercises
11
12
1.3
14
went gone
gave given
threw thrown
forgot forgotten
24.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
slept
saw
rained
lost ... seen
stolen
went
finished
built
learnt/learned
ridden
known
fell ... hurt
ran ... run
told
won
met
woken up
swam
thought
8
9
10
11
12
27.3
UNIT 26
26.1
2 I’m going to have a bath.
3 I’m going to buy a car.
4 We’re going to play
football.
2 4.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
25.4
3 She’s getting
4 are going ... are they
going
5 finishes
6 I’m not going
7 I’m going ... We’re
meeting
8 are you getting ... leaves
9 does the film begin
10 are you doing ... I’m
working
spoken
cost
driven
sold
flew
5 ’ll/will
6 ’ll/will
7 won’t
27.4
3 I think we’ll win the
game.
4 I don’t think I’ll be here
tomorrow.
5 I think Sue will like her
present.
6 I don’t think they’ll get
married.
7 I don’t think you’ll enjoy
the film.
27.5
2 are you doing
3 They’re going
4 will lend
r
t
26.2
o I m gong
3 ’m /am going to walk
6
7
8
9
will phone
H e’s working
Will you
are coming
UNIT 25
4
5
6
7
8
9
25.1
26.3
2 Richard is going to the
cinema.
3 Rachel is meeting Dave.
4 Karen is having lunch
with Ken.
5 T om and Sue are going to
a party.
2 The shelf is going to fall
(down).
3 The car is going to turn
(right).
4 H e’s / He is going to
kick the ball.
25.2
E xam ple answers:
2 Are you working next
week?
3 What are you doing
tomorrow evening?
4 What time are your
friends coming?
5 W hen is Liz going on
holiday?
1 I’m going to phone Maria
this evening.
2 I’m going to get up early
tomorrow.
3 I’m going to buy some
shoes tomorrow.
’s/is going to stay
’m /am going to eat
’re/are going to give
’s/is going to lie down
Are you going to watch
is Rachel going to do
26.4
UNIT 27
25.3
27.1
E xa m p le answers:
2 she’ll be
3 she was
4 she’ll be
3 I’m going away at the
weekend.
4 I’m playing basketball
tomorrow.
5 I’m meeting a friend this
evening.
6 I’m going to the cinema
on Thursday evening.
2 ’11/Will
3 w'on’t
4 won’t
?
■
UNIT 28
28.1
2 I’ll send
3 Fll eat
4 I’ll sit
5 I’ll do
6 I’ll stay
7 I’ll show
28.2
2 I think I’ll have
3 I don’t think I’ll play
4 I think I’ll buy
5 I don’t think I’ll buy
28.3
2 I’ll do
3
4
5
6
7
I watch
I’ll go
is going to buy
I’ll give
Are you doing ... I’m
going
8 I’m working
28.4
5 she’s
6 she was
7 she’ll be
27.2
2 Shall I turn off the
television?
3 Shall I make some
sandwiches?
4 Shall I turn on the light?
E xam ple answers:
2
3
4
5
I’ll be at home.
I’ll probably be in bed.
I’ll be at work.
I don’t know' where I’ll
be.
28.5
2 where shall we go?
3 what shall we buy?
4 who shall we invite?
2 89
Key to Exercises
30.2
29.1
2 can see
3 can’t hear
2 I might see you tomorrow.
3 Sarah might forget to
phone.
4 It might snow today.
5 I might be late tonight.
6 Mark might not be here
next week.
7 I might not have time to
go out.
29.2
2 I might go away.
3 I might see her on
Monday.
4 I might have fish.
5 I might get/take a taxi,
... go by taxi.
6 I might buy a new car.
or
29.3
3 He might get up early.
4 He isn’t/H e ’s not
working tomorrow.
5 He might be at home
tomorrow morning.
6 He might watch
television.
7 H e’s going out in the
afternoon.
8 He might go shopping.
29.4
E xam ple answers:
1 I might read a newspaper.
2 I might go out with some
friends in the evening.
3 I might have an egg for
breakfast.
UNIT 30
30.1
2 Can you ski?
3 Can you play chess?
4 Can you run ten
kilometres?
5 Can you drive (a car)?
6 Can you ride (a horse)?
7 1 can/can’t swim.
8 I can/can’t ski.
9 I can/can’t play chess.
10 I can/can’t run ten
kilometres.
11 I can/can’t drive (a car).
12 I can/can’t ride (a horse).
2 90
UNIT 32
UNIT 29
4 can’t find
5 can speak
30.3
2
3
4
5
6
couldn’t eat
can’t decide
couldn’t find
can’t go
couldn’t go
30.4
2 C an/C ould you pass the
salt (please)?
3 Can/Could you turn off
the radio (please)?
4 Can/Could I have your
phone number (please)?
5 C an/C ould I look at your
newspaper (please)? or
Can/Could I have a look
at your newspaper (please)?
6 Can/Could I use your pen
(please)?
UNIT 31
31.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
must
must
must
must
must
must
meet
wash
learn
go
win
be
31.2
2 I must
3 I had to
4 I must
5 I had to
6 I had to
7 I must
31.3
2
3
4
5
6
don’t need to hurry
mustn’t lose
don’t need to wait
mustn’t forget
don’t need to phone
31 .4
2 C
3 A
4 B
5 D
31 .5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
don’t need to
had to
must
mustn’t
must
had to
don’t need to
mustn’t
32.1
2
3
4
5
6
You should go
You should eat
you should visit
you should wear
You should take
32.2
2 He shouldn’t eat so much.
3 She shouldn’t work so
hard.
4 He shouldn’t drive so fast.
32.3
2 Do you think I should
learn (to drive)?
3 Do you think I should get
another job?
4 Do you think I should
invite Gary (to the party)?
32.4
3 I think you should sell it.
4 I think she should have a
holiday.
5 I don’t think they should
get married.
6 I don’t think you should
go to work.
7 I think he should go to
the doctor.
8 I don’t think we should
stay there.
32.5
E xa m p le answers:
2 I think everybody should
have enough food.
3 I think people should
drive more carefully.
4 I don’t think the police
should carry guns.
5 I think I should take more
exercise.
UNIT 33
33.1
2
3
4
5
6
have to do
has to read
have to speak
has to travel
have to hit
33.2
2
3
4
5
have to go
had to buy
have to change
had to answer
Key to Exercises
33.3
2
3
4
5
did he have to wait
does she have to go
did you have to pay
do you have to do
11 I’d like
12 do you like
36.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
UNIT 35
35.1
33 .4
3 D on’t buy
2 doesn’t have to wait.
3 didn’t have to get up early.
4 doesn’t have to work (so)
hard.
5 don’t have to leave now.
4 Smile
33.5
3 have to pay
4 had to borrow
5 must stop or have to stop
(both are correct)
6 has to meet
7 must tell or have to tell
(both are correct)
5
6
7
8
9
D on’t sit
Have
D on’t forget
Sleep
Be ... D on’t drop
35.3
3 3 .6
2 I have to go to work every
day.
3 I had to go to the dentist
yesterday.
4 I have to go shopping
tomorrow.
4
UNIT 3 4
7
34.1
34.2
2 Would you like to play
tennis tomorrow?
3 Would you like to come
to a concert next week?
4 Would you like to borrow
my umbrella?
34.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Do you like
Would you like
would you like
Would you like
I like
would you like
Would you like
Do you like
I’d like
37.1
3 There’s/There is a
let’s take a taxi
let’s watch TV
let’s go to a restaurant
let’s wait a little
3 No, let’s not go out.
2 Would you like an apple?
3 Would you like some
coffee? / ... a cup of
coffee?
4 Would you like some
cheese? / ... a piece ol
cheese?
5 Would you like a
sandwich?
6 Would you like some
cake? / . . . a piece ol cake?
UNIT 37
35.2
2
3
4
5
5
6
8
used to have
used to be
go / travel
used to eat
watches
used to live
get
did you use to play
or
No, don’t let’s go out.
No, don’t close the
window.
No, don’t phone me
(tonight).
No, let’s not wait for Andy.
or No, don’t let’s wait for
Andy.
No, don’t turn on the
light.
No, let’s not go by bus. or
No, don’t let’s go by bus.
UNIT 36
36.1
2 He used to play football.
3 She used to be a taxi
driver.
4 They used to live in the
country.
5 He used to wear glasses.
6 This building used to be a
hotel.
36.2
2 -6
She used to play volleyball.
She used to go out most
evenings. / She used to
go out a lot.
She used to play the
guitar.
She used to read a lot. /
She used to like reading.
She used to go away two
or three times a year. /
She used to travel a lot.
hospital.
4 There isn’t a swimming
pool.
5 There are two cinemas.
6 There isn’t a university.
7 There aren’t any big
hotels.
37.2
E xam ple answers:
3 There is a university in ...
4 There are a lot of big shops.
5 There isn’t an airport.
6 There aren’t many
factories.
37.3
2 There’s/There is
3 is there
4 There are
5 are there
6 There isn’t
7 Is there
8 Are there
9 There’s / There is ...
There aren’t
37.4
2 -6
There are eight planets in
the solar system.
There are fifteen players in
a rugby team.
There are twenty-six
letters in the English
alphabet.
There are thirty days in
September.
There are fifty states in the
USA.
37.5
2 It’s
3 There’s
4 There’s ... Is it
5 Is there ... there’s
6 It’s
7 Is there
291
Key to Exercises
38.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
was a carpet
were three pictures
was a small table
were some flowers
were some books
was an armchair
was a sofa
There was
Was there
there weren’t
There wasn’t
Were there
There wasn’t
There was
there weren’t
38.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
There are
There was
T here’s/There is
T here’s been/There has
been or There was
there was
there will be
there were ... there are
There have been
there will be or there
are
UNIT 39
39.1
2 It’s cold.
5 It’s snowing.
3 It’s windy. 6 It’s cloudy.
4 It’s sunny/fme. or
It’s a nice day.
39.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
It’s / It is
Is it
is it ... it’s / it is
It’s / It is
Is it
is it
It’s / It is
It’s / It is
39.3
2 How far is it from the
hotel to the beach?
3 How far is it from New
York to Washington?
4 How far is it from your
house to the airport?
39.4
3 It
4 It ... It
5 There
292
2 It’s nice to see you again.
3 It’s impossible to work in
this office.
4 It’s easy to make friends.
5 It’s interesting to visit
different places.
6 It’s dangerous to go out
alone
UNIT 40
38.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
UNIT 41
39.5
UNIT 38
6 it
7 It ... there
8 It
40.1
2 is
3 can
4 has
5 will
6 was
40.2
2 ’m not
3 weren’t
4 haven’t
5 isn’t
6 hasn’t
2 Do you?
5 Do I?
3 Didn’t you? 6 Did she?
4 Doesn’t she?
41.2
3
4
5
6
7
Have you? 8
Can’t she? 9
Were you? 10
D idn’t you? 11
12
Is there?
Aren’t you?
Did you?
Does she?
W on’t you?
Isn’t it?
41.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
aren’t they
wasn’t she
haven’t you
don’t you
doesn’t he
won’t you
41.4
40.3
3 doesn’t
4 do
5 did
41.1
6 does
7 don’t
8 didn’t
2
3
4
5
are you
isn’t she
can’t you
do you
6
7
8
9
didn’t she
was it
doesn’t she
will you
40.4
UNIT 42
E xam ple answers:
2 I like sport, but my sister
doesn’t.
3 I don’t eat meat, but Jenny
does.
4 I’m American, but my
husband isn’t.
5 I haven’t been to Japan,
but Jenny has.
40.5
2 wasn’t
3 are
4 has
5 can’t
6 did
7
8
9
10
11
has
do
hasn’t
will
might
40.6
2 Yes, I have . 0,i'
No, I haven’t.
3 Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
4 Yes, it is. or No, it isn’t.
5 Yes, I am. or No, I’m not.
6 Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
7 Yes, I will. oi- No, I won’t.
8 Yes, I have. or No, I
haven’t.
9 Yes, I did. or No, I
didn’t.
10 Yes, I was. or No, I
wasn’t.
42.1
2 either
3 too
4 too
5 either
6 either
7 too
42.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
So am I.
So have I.
So do I.
So will I.
So was I.
N either can I.
N either did I.
Neither have I.
N either am I.
N either do I.
42.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
So am I.
So can I. or I can’t.
Neither am I. or I am.
So do I. or I don’t.
Neither do I. or I do.
So did I. or I didn’t.
Neither have I. or
I have.
Neither do I. or I do.
So am I. or I’m not.
Neither have I. or
I have.
Neither did I . or I did.
So do I. or I don’t.
Key to Exercises
UNIT 43
UNIT 44
43.1
44.1
2 They aren’t / They’re not
married.
3 I haven’t had dinner.
4 It isn’t cold today.
5 We w on’t be late.
6 You shouldn’t go.
43.2
2
3
4
5
6
I don’t like cheese.
They didn’t understand.
He doesn’t live here.
D o n ’t go away!
I didn’t do the shopping.
43.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
They haven’t arrived.
I didn’t go to the bank.
He doesn’t speak German.
We weren’t angry.
He w on’t be pleased.
D on’t phone me tonight.
It didn’t rain yesterday.
I couldn’t hear them.
I don’t believe you.
4 3.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
’m not / am not
can’t
doesn’t
isn’t / ’s not
don’t ... haven’t
D on’t
didn’t
haven’t
won't
didn’t
weren’t
hasn’t
shouldn’t / mustn’t
3 Were you late this
morning?
4 Has Kate got a key?
5 Will you be here
tomorrow'?
6 Is Paul going out this
evening?
7 Do you like your job?
8 Does Nicole live near
here?
9 Did you enjoy the film?
10 Did you have a good
holiday?
44.2
2
3
4
5
6
Do you use it a lot?
Did you use it yesterday?
Do you enjoy driving?
Are you a good driver?
Have you ever had an
accident?
44.3
3 What are the children
doing?
4 How is cheese made?
5 Is your sister coming to
the party?
6 Why don’t you tell the
truth?
7 Have your guests arrived
yet?
8 What time does your train
leave?
9 W hy didn’t Emily go to
w'ork?
10 Was your car damaged in
the accident?
4 4 .4
43.5
3 He wasn’t born in
London.
4 He doesn’t like London.
3 H e’d like to live in the
country.
6 He can drive.
7 He hasn’t got a car.
8 He doesn’t read
newspapers.
9 He isn’t interested in
politics.
10 He watches TV most
evenings.
11 He didn’t watch TV last
night.
12 He went out last night.
3 W hat are you reading?
4 What time did she go (to
bed)?
5 W hen ace they going (on
holiday)?
6 W here did you see him?
7 Why can’t you come (to
the party)?
8 W here has she gone?
9 How much (money) do
you need?
10 Why doesn’t she like you?
11 How' often does it rain?
12 W hen did you do it? /
... the shopping?
UNIT 45
45.1
2 W hat fell off the shelf?
3 W ho wants to see me?
4 Who took your umbrella? /
W ho took it?
5 What made you ill?
6 W ho is / W ho’s coming?
4 5 .2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Who did you phone?
What happened last night?
W ho knows the answer?
W ho did the washing-up?
W hat did Jane do? / W hat
did she do?
What woke you up?
W ho saw the accident?
W ho did you see?
W ho has got your pen? /
W ho has got it? or
W ho’s got ... ?
What does this word
mean? / What does it
mean?
4 5 .3
2 W ho phoned you ?
W hat did she want?
3 W ho did you ask?
W hat did he say?
4 W ho got married?
W ho told you?
5 W ho did you meet?
W hat did she tell you?
6 W ho won?
W hat did you do (after the
game)?
7 W ho gave you a/the book?
What did Catherine give
you?
UNIT 46
46.1
2 W hat are you looking for?
3 W ho did you go to the
cinema with?
4 W hat/W ho was the film
about?
5 W ho did you give the
money to?
6 W ho was the book written
by?
293
Key to Exercises
46.2
2 W hat are they looking at?
3 W hich restaurant is he
going to?
4 W hat are they talking
about?
5 W hat is she listening to?
6 W hich bus are they
waiting for?
46.3
2 W hich hotel did you stay
at?
3 W hich (football) team
does he play for?
4 W hich school did you go
to?
46.4
2 W hat is the food like?
3 W hat are the people like?
4 W hat is the weather like?
46.5
2 W hat was the film like?
3 What were the lessons
like?
4 What was the hotel like?
UNIT 47
47.1
3 W hat colour is it?
4 W hat time did you get
up?
5 What type o f music do
you like?
6 W hat kind of car do you
want (to buy)?
47.2
2 W hich coat
3 Which film/movie
4 W hich bus
47.3
3
4
5
6
7
Which
W hat
W hich
What
Which
8 W ho
9 W hat
10 Which
11 What
47.4
2
3
4
5
6
294
How
How
How
How
How
far
old
often
deep
long
4 How much did you
spend?
5 How often do you watch
TV?
6 How far is it from Paris to
Moscow?
4 I don’t know when he’ll
be here.
5 I don’t know why he was
angry.
6 I don’t know how long
she has lived here.
UNI T 48
49.2
2 where Susan works
48.1
3 what Peter said
2 How long does it take by
car from Milan to Rome?
3 How long does it take by
train from Paris to
Geneva?
4 How long does it take by
bus from the city centre to
the airport?
4 why he went home early
5 what time the meeting
begins
6 how the accident
happened
49.3
2 are you
3 they are
48.2
4 the museum is
E xam ple answers:
5 do you want
6 elephants eat
7 it is
2 It takes ... hours to fly
from ... to New York.
3 It takes ... years to study
to be a doctor in ... .
4 It takes ... to walk from
my home to the nearest
shop.
5 It takes ... to get from my
home to the nearest
airport.
48.3
2 H ow long did it take you
to walk to the station?
3 How long did it take him
to paint the bathroom?
4 How long did it take you
to learn to ski?
5 How long did it take them
to repair the computer?
4 9.4
2 Do you know if/whether
they are married?
3 Do you know if/whether
Sue knows Bill?
4 Do you know if/whether
Gary will be here
tomorrow?
5 Do you know if/whether
he passed his exam?
49.5
2 Do you know where Paula
is?
3 Do you know if/whether
4
4 8.4
2 It took us 20 minutes to
walk home. / ... to get
home.
3 It took me six months to
learn to drive.
4 It took M ark/him three
hours to drive to London.
/ ... to get to London.
5 It took Lisa/her a long
time to find a job. / ... to
get a job.
6 It took me ... to ...
UNIT 49
47.5
49.1
2 How heavy is this box?
3 How old are you?
2 I don’t know where she is.
3 I don’t know how old it is.
5
6
7
she is working today? / ...
she’s working today?
Do you know what time
she starts work?
Do you know if/whether
the shops are open
tomorrow?
Do you know where
Sarah and Tim live?
Do you know if/whether
they went to jane’s party?
49.6
E xam ple answers:
2
3
4
5
6
Do you know what time
the bus leaves?
Excuse me, can you tell
me where the station is?
I don’t know what I’m
going to do this evening.
Do you know if there’s a
restaurant near here?
Do you know how much
it costs to rent a car?
Key to Exercises
UNIT 50
5 ’1.2
50.1
2 She said (that) she was
very busy.
3 She said (that) she couldn’t
go to the party.
4 He said (that) he had to
go out.
5 He said (that) he was
learning Russian.
6 She said (that) she didn’t
feel very well.
7 They said (that) they
would be home late. / ...
they’d be ...
8 She said (that) she had just
come back from holiday. /
:.. she’d just come back ...
9 She said (that) she was
going to buy a new
computer.
10 They said (that) they
hadn’t got a key. / They
said (that) they didn’t have
a key.
50.2
2 She said (that) she wasn’t
hungry.
3 he said (that) he needed it.
4 she said (that) she didn’t
want to go.
5 She said (that) I could
have it.
6 He said (that) he would
send me a postcard. I ...
he’d send ...
7 Nicole said (that) he had
gone home. / ... h e’d
gone home.
8 H e said (that) he wanted
to watch TV.
9 She said (that) she was
going to the cinema.
50.3
3
4
5
6
said
told
tell
say
7
8
9
10
UNIT 51
51.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
phone
phone Paul
to phone Paul
to phone Paul
phone Paul
to phone Paul
9 phone Paul
10 phone Paul
said
told
tell
say
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
get
going
watch
flying
listening
eat
waiting
wear
doing ... staying
51.3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
to go
rain
to leave
help
studying
to go
wearing
to stay
have
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
having
to have
hear
go
listening
to make
to know ...
tell
20 use
UNIT 52
52.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
to see
to swim
cleaning
to ask
visiting
going
to be
waiting
to do
to speak
to go
crying / to cry
to work ... talking
52.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
to help
to see
reading
to lose
to send
raining
to go
watching / to watch
to wait
52.3
2
3
4
5
6
going to museums
to go
writing / to write letters
to go (there)
travelling by train
7 walking
52.4
E xam ple answers:
3 If it’s a nice day tomorrow,
I’d like to have a picnic by
the lake.
4 W hen I’m on holiday, I
like to do very little.
5 I don’t mind travelling
alone, but I prefer to travel
with somebody.
6 I wouldn’t like to live in a
big city.
UNIT 53
53.1
2 I want you to listen
carefully.
3 I don’t want you to be
angry.
4 Do you want me to wait
for you?
5 I don’t want you to phone
me tonight.
6 I want you to meet Sarah.
53.2
2 A woman told me to turn
left after the bridge.
3 I advised him to go to the
doctor.
4 She asked me to help her.
5 I told him to come back
in ten minutes.
6 Paul let me use his phone.
7 I told her not to phone
before 8 o’clock.
8 Ann’s mother taught her
to play the piano.
53.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
to repeat
wait
to arrive
to get
go
borrow
to tell
to make (or to get)
think
UNIT 54
54.1
2-4
I went to the cafe to meet
a friend.
1 went to the chemist to
get some medicine.
I went to the supermarket
to buy some food.
1 I enjoy cooking.
2 1 don’t like driving.
295
Key to Exercises
54.2
2
3
4
5
6
to
to
to
to
to
UNIT 56
read the newspaper
open this door
get some fresh air
wake him up
see who it was
54.3
E xam ple answers:
2
3
4
5
to
to
to
to
talk to you now
tell her about the party
do some shopping
buy a car
54.4
2
3
4
5
to
to
for
to
6 for
7 to
8 to
9 for
10 for
11 to ... for
54.5
2 for the film to begin
3 for it to arrive
4 for you to tell me
UNIT 55
55.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
to
to
—(no preposition)
for
to
on ... to
for
on
to
—(no preposition)
on
for
on
55.2
2
3
4
5
6
went fishing
goes swimming
going skiing
go shopping
went jogging
55.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
296
to university
shopping
to sleep
home
skiing
riding
for a walk
on holiday ... to Portugal
56.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
get your jacket
get a doctor
get a taxi
gets the job
get some milk
get a ticket
gets a good salary
get a lot o f rain
get a new computer
7 She’s/She is doing the
washing-up. or
She is washing up. /
She is doing the dishes. /
She is washing the dishes.
8 H e’s/H e is making a
(shopping) list.
9 They’re/T hey are making
a film.
10 H e’s/H e is taking a
photograph.
57.3
56.2
2
3
4
5
getting
getting
getting
getting
dark
married
ready
late
56.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
get wet
got married
gets angry
got lost
get old
got better
4
5
6
7
make
do
done
made
doing
did
8 make
9 do
10 making
11 made
12 make ... do
58.1
3 He hasn’t got / He doesn’t
have
4 Gary had
56.4
5 Have you got / Do you
have
6 we didn’t have
7 She hasn’t got / She
doesn’t have
8 Did you have
58.2
2 She’s/She is having a cup
of tea.
3 H e's/H e is having a rest.
4 They’re/T hey are having
a good time.
5 They’re/They are having
dinner.
6 H e’s/H e is having a bath.
56.5
2 got off
3 got out of
4 got on
UNIT 57
57.1
do
make
made
did
do
3
UNIT 58
2 got to Bristol at 11.45.
3 I left the party at 11.15
and got home at midnight.
4 (E xam ple answer) I left
home at 8.30 and got to
the airport at 10 o ’clock.
2
3
4
5
6
2
7
8
9
10
11
done
make
making
do
doing
57.2
2 They’re/They are doing
(their) homework.
3 H e’s/H e is doing the
shopping, or
He is shopping.
4 She’s/She is making a
jacket.
5 They’re/They are doing
an exam, (or ... taking
an exam.)
6 H e’s/H e is making
the/his bed.
58.3
3 Have a nice/good trip!
4 Did you have a nice/good
weekend?
5 Did you have a nice/good
game (of tennis)?
6 Have a nice/good time!
or H a v e a n i c e / good
evening! or Have fun!
7 Did you have a nice/good
holiday?
58.4
2 have something to eat
3 had a glass of water
4 have a walk
5 had an accident
6 have a look
Key to Exercises
60.4
UNIT 59
59.1
2 him
3 them
4 her
5 him
6 them
7 her
59.2
I ... them
2
3
4
5
6 she ... them
he ... her 7 they ... me
they ... us 8 she ... you
we ... him
59.3
2
3
4
5
6
I like him.
I don’t like it.
Do you like it?
I don’t like her.
Do you 1like them?
59.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
him
them
they
us
it
She
them
me
her
them
he ... it
59.5
2
3
4
5
6
Can
Can
Can
Can
Can
you
you
you
you
you
give
give
give
give
give
it to him?
them to her?
it to me?
it to them?
them to us?
UNIT 60
60.1
2
3
4
5
6
her hands
our hands
his hands
their hands
your hands
60.2
2 They live with their
parents.
3 We live with our parents.
4 Jane lives with her parents.
5 I live with my parents.
6 John lives with his parents.
7 Do you live with your
parents?
8 Most children live with
their parents.
60.3
2
3
4
5
their
his
his
her
6 their
7 her
8 their
2
3
4
5
6
7
his
Their
our
her
my
your
8
9
10
11
12
her
their
my
Its
His ... his
60.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
my key
H er husband
your coat
their homework
his name
O ur house
UNIT 61
mine
ours
hers
theirs
6 yours
7 mine
8 his
61 .2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
62.2
2 He invited us to stay with
him at his house.
3 They invited me to stay
with them at their
house.
4 I invited them to stay
with m e at my house.
5 She invited us to stay with
her at her house.
6 Did you invite him to
stay with you at your
house?
62.3
61.1
2
3
4
5
4 Yes, I know you, but
I can’t rem em ber
your name.
yours
rny ... Mine
Yours ... mine
her
My .... hers
their
Ours
61.3
2 I gave her my address, arid
she gave me hers.
3 He gave me his address,
and I gave him m ine.
4 We gave them our
address, and they gave us
theirs.
5 She gave him her address,
and he gave her his.
6 You gave us your address,
and we gave you ours.
7 They gave you their
address, and you gave
them yours.
3 o f hers
62.4
4
5
6
7
2 them
3 him
4 our
5 yours
friends of ours
friend of mine
friend of his
friends of yours
61.4
2 Whose camera is this?
It’s hers.
3 Whose gloves are these?
They’re mine.
4 Whose hat is this?
It’s his.
5 Whose money is this?
It’s yours.
6 Whose books are these?
They’re ours.
UNIT 62
62.1
2 Yes, I know her, but I
can’t remember her
nam e.
3 Yes, I know them , but I
can’t rem em ber their
names.
6
7
8
9
us
her
their
mine
UNIT 63
63.1
2 myself
3 herself
4 themselves
5 myselt
6 himself
7 yourself
8 yourselves
63.2
2 W hen I saw him, he was
by h im self
3 D on’t go out by
yourself.
4 I went to the cinem a
by m yself
5 My sister lives by h erself
6 Many people live by
themselves.
297
Key to Exercises
63.3
2 They can’t see each other.
3 They phone each other a
lot.
4 They don’t know each
other.
5 They’re/T hey are sitting
next to each other.
6 They gave each other
presents / a present.
63.4
3
4
5
6
each other 7
yourselves 8
us
9
ourselves 10
each other
each other
them
themselves
UNIT 64
64.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I1
Helen is B rian’s wife.
James is Sarah’s brother.
James is D an iel’s uncle.
Sarah is P a u l’s wife.
Helen is Daniel’s
grandm other.
Sarah is James’s sister.
Paul is Sarah’s husband.
Paul is Daniel’s father.
Daniel is Jam es’s nephew.
64.2
2 Andy’s
3 Dave’s
4 Jane’s
5 Dianes
6 Alice’s
64.3
3
4
5
6
OK
Simon’s phone number
My brother’s job
OK
1 OK
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
Paula’s favourite colour
your m other’s birthday
My parents’ house
OK
OK
OK
U N IT 6 5
6 5 .1
5 a
6 an
7 a
65.2
2
3
4
5
6
298
a vegetable
a game
a tool
a mountain
a planet
a
a
a
a
fruit
river
flower
musical instrument
65.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
H e’s a shop assistant.
She’s an architect.
H e’s a taxi driver.
H e’s an electrician.
She’s a photographer.
She’s a nurse.
I’m a/an ...
8 an
9 an
12 ... full of tourists.
13 O K
14 These scissors aren’t ...
66.4
2
3
4
5
6
are
don’t
watch
were
live
7
8
9
10
Do
are
them
some
U N I T 67
67.1
65.4
2-8
Tom. never wears a hat.
1 can’t ride a bicycle.
My brother is an artist.
Rebecca works in a
bookshop.
Jane wants to learn a
foreign language.
Mike lives in an old house.
This evening I’m going to
a party.
UNIT 66
66.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
boats
women
cities
umbrellas
addresses
knives
sandwiches
families
feet
holidays
potatoes
66.2
2 teeth
3 people
4 children
5 fish
6 leaves
66.3
Silvia’s party
2 a
3a
4 an
7
8
9
10
3 ... with a lot of beautiful
trees.
4 ... with two m e n .
5 OK
6 ... three children.
7 Most o f my friends are
students.
8 He put on his pyjamas
9 OK
10 Do you know many
people ...
11 I like your trousers.
Where did you get them?
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
a jug
water
toothpaste
a toothbrush
an egg
money
a wallet
sand
a bucket
an envelope
67.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
... a hat.
... a job?
OK
...
...
...
...
...
an apple ...
a party ...
a wonderful thing.
an island.
a key.
OK
... a good idea.
... a car?
... a cup o f coffee?
OK
... an umbrella.
67.3
2 a piece o f wood
3 a glass o f water
4 a bar o f chocolate
5 a cup o f tea
6 a piece o f paper
7 a bowl o f soup
8 a loaf o f bread
9 a jar o f honey
UNIT 68
68.1
2 I bought a newspaper (or a
paper), some flowers (or a
bunch of flowers) and a
pen.
3 I bought some stamps,
some postcards and some
bread (or a loaf of bread).
Key to Exercises
4 I bought some toothpaste,
some soap (or a bar of
soap) and a comb.
68.2
2 Would you like some
coffee? (or ... a cup of
coffee?)
3 Would you like a biscuit?
4 Would you like some
bread? (or ... a piece of
bread? / a slice o f bread?)
5 Would you like a
chocolate?
6 Would you like some
cake? (or ... a piece of
cake?)
68.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
some ... some
some
a ... some
an ... some
a ... a ... some
some
some
some ... a
6 8 .4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
eyes
hair
information
chairs
furniture
job
wonderful weather
UNIT 69
69.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a
the
an
the ... the
a ... a
a ... a
... a student ... a
journalist ... an apartment
near the college ... The
apartment is ...
10 ... two children, a boy and
a girl. T he boy is seven
years old, and the girl is
three ... in a factory ...
hasn’t got a job ...
69.2
2
3
4
5
6
the airport
a cup
a nice picture
the dictionary
the floor
69.3
2 ... send me a postcard.
3 W hat is the name o f ...
4 ... a very big country.
5 What is the largest ...
6 ... the colour o f the
carpet.
7 ... a headache.
8 ... an old house near the
station.
9 ... the name o f the
director o f the film ...
UNIT 70
70.1
3 ... th e second floor.
4 ... th e moon?
5 ... th e best hotel in this
town?
6 OK
1 . . . th e city centre.
8 ... th e end o f May.
9
12 T h e Internet is a good
way o f getting
information.
13 O K
14 ... on th e top shelf on th e
right.
15 ... in th e country about
ten miles from th e nearest
town.
70.2
the
the
the
the
same
same
same
same
time
age
colour
problem
70.3
2 th e guitar
3
4
5
6
breakfast
television/TV
th e sea
th e bottom
70.4
2 th e name
3 T h e sky
4
5
6
7
71.1
2
3
4
5
6
the cinema
hospital
the airport
home
prison
71 .2
3 school
4 the station
5 home
6 bed
7 the post office
71 .3
2 the cinema
3 go to bed
4 go to prison
5 go to the dentist
6 go to university/college
7 go to hospital / are taken
to hospital
OK
10 ... th e first time I met
her.
11 O K
2
3
4
5
UNIT 71
television
th e police
th e capital
lunch
8 th e middle
71 .4
3 the
4 OK
5 OK
6 OK
7 the
8 OK
9 OK
10 the
11 the
12 O K
13 O K
14 O K
15 the
doctor
bank
city centre
station
theatre
UNIT 72
72.1
E xam ple answers:
2
3
4
5
6
7
I don’t like dogs.
I hate museums.
I love big cities.
Tennis is all right.
I love chocolate.
I don’t like computer
games.
8 I hate parties.
72.2
E xam ple answers:
2 I’m not interested in
politics.
3 I’m interested in sport.
4 I don’t know much about
art.
5 I don’t know anything
about astronomy.
6 I know a little about
economics.
299
Key to Exercises
72.3
friends
parties
The shops
the milk
milk
basketball
computers
The water
cold water
the salt
the people
Vegetables
The houses
the words
photographs
the photographs
English ... international
business
20 M oney ... happiness
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
UNIT 73
73.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Sweden
T he Amazon
Asia
The Pacific
The R hine
Kenya
The U nited States
The Andes
Bangkok
T he Alps
T he R ed Sea
Jamaica
T he Bahamas
73.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
OK
the Philippines
the south o f France
the Regal Cinema
OK
the M useum o f Art
OK
Belgium is smaller than
the Netherlands.
11 the Mississippi ... the
Nile
12 the National Gallery
13 the Park Hotel in Hudson
Road
14 O K
15 The R ocky Mountains
are in N orth America.
16 O K
17 the United States
18 the west o f Ireland
19 O K
3 00
20 The Panama Canal joins
the Atlantic Ocean and
the Pacific Ocean.
UNIT 74
9 W hich one?
The one with a/the
moustache and glasses.
10 W hich ones?
The ones I took at the
party last week.
74.1
2
3
4
5
6
that house
these postcards
those birds
this seat
These plates
74.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Is that your umbrella?
Is this your book?
Are those your books?
Is that your bicycle/bike?
Are these your keys?
Are those your keys?
Is this your watch?
Are those your glasses?
Are these your gloves?
74.3
2
3
4
5
that’s
This is
That’s
that
6 this is
7 That’s
8 that’s
UNIT 76
76.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
some
any
any
any
some
any
8
9
10
11
12
some
some
any .... any
some . .. any
some
76.2
2 some questions
3 any photographs
4 any foreign languages
5 some friends
6 some milk
7 any batteries
8 some fresh air
9 some cheese
10 any help
76.3
3 I’ve got some / I have
UNIT 75
75.1
2 I don’t need one
3 I’m going to get one
4 I haven’t got one
5 I’ve just had one
6 there’s one in Mill Road
75.2
2 a new one
3 a better one
4 an old one
5 a big one
6 a different one
75.3
2 W hich ones?
The green ones.
3 Which one?
The one with a/the red
door.
4 W hich ones?
The ones on the top shelf.
5 Which one?
The black one.
6 Which one?
The one on the wall.
7 Which one?
The tall one with long
hair.
8 W hich ones?
The yellow ones.
some
4 I haven’t got any /
I haven’t any / I don’t
have any
5 I didn’t buy any
6 I bought some
7 I didn’t make any
76.4
2 something
3 anything
4 anything
5 Somebody/Someone
6 anything
7 anybody/anyone
8 something
9 anything
10 anybody/anyone
UNIT 77
77.1
2 There are no shops near
here.
3 Carla has got no free time.
4 There is no light in this
room.
6 There isn’t any milk in the
fridge.
7 There aren’t any buses
today.
8 Tom hasn’t got any
brothers or sisters.
Key to Exercises
77.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
any
any
no
any
no
any
8
9
10
11
12
no
any
no
None
any
77.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
no money
any questions
no friends
no difference
any furniture
no answer
any heating
no queue
77.4
E xa m p le answers:
2
3
4
5
Three.
Two cups.
None.
None.
UNIT 78
78.1
2 T here’s nobody in the
office.
3 I’ve got nothing to do.
4 T here’s nothing on TV.
5 There was no-one at
home.
6 We found nothing.
78.2
2 There wasn’t anybody on
the bus.
3 I haven’t got anything to
read.
4 I haven’t got anyone to
help me.
5 She didn’t hear anything.
6 We haven’t got anything
for dinner.
78.3
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
3b
4b
Nothing.
N obody./N o-one.
N obody./N o-one.
Nothing.
Nothing.
N obody./N o-one.
I don’t want anything.
I didn’t meet
anybody/anyone.
5b N obody/N o-one knows
the answer.
6b I didn’t buy anything.
7b N othing happened.
8b N obody/N o-one was
late.
UNIT 80
78.4
2
3
4
5
80.1
3 anything
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
N obody/N o-one
Nothing
anything
anybody/anyone
nothing
anything
anything
nobody/no-one
anything
Nothing
N o b o d y /N o -o n e ...
anybody/anyone
UNIT 79
79.1
2 something
3 somewhere
4 somebody/someone
79.2
2a
3a
4a
2b
3b
4b
Nowhere.
Nothing.
Nobody./No-one.
I’m not going anywhere.
I don’t want anything.
I’m not looking for
anybody/anyone.
79.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
anything
anything
somebody/someone
something
anybody/anyone ...
nobody/ no-one
anything
N obody/N o-one
anybody/anyone
Nothing
anywhere
somewhere
anything
anybody/anyone
79.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
anything to eat
nothing to do
anywhere to sit
something to drink
nowhere to park
something to read
somewhere to stay
Every day
every time
Every room
every word
80.2
every day
all day
every day
5 all day
all day
every day
80.3
2
3
4
5
every
all '
all
Every
6
7
8
9
all
every
all '
every
80.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
everything
Everybody/Everyone
everything
everywhere
Everybody/Everyone
everywhere
Everything
80.5
2
3
4
5
is
has
likes
has
6 was
7 makes
8 Is ... Does
UNIT 81
81.1
3 Some
4 Most of
5 most
10 Most
11 most of
12 Some
6 any of
13 All or All of
7 all or all of 14 some of
None of 15 most of
any of
81.2
2
3
4
5
6
All of them.
Some of them.
None o f them.
Most o f them.
None of it.
81.3
3 Some people ...
4 Some o f the questions ...
or Some questions ...
5 OK
6 All insects ...
7 O K (or ... all o f these
books)
301
Key to Exercises
8 Most of the students ...
or Most students ...
9 OK
10 ... most of the night
UNIT 82
Both
Neither
Neither
both
Either
neither of
2
3
4
5
a lot
a lot
a lot
a lot
of interesting things
of accidents
of fun
of traffic
83.4
82.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
UNIT 85
83.3
9
10
11
12
13
14
Neither
either of
Both
neither of
Both
either of
82.2
2 Both windows are open.
3 Neither man is wearing a
hat. or Neither of them
is wearing ...
4 B oth men have (got)
beards, or Both of them
have ...
5 Both buses go to the
airport, or ... are going
to the airport.
6 Neither answer is right.
3
4
5
6
7
8
a lot o f snow
OK
a lot of money
OK
OK
a lot
83.5
3 She plays tennis a lot.
4 He doesn’t use his car
much, (or ... a lot.)
5 He doesn’t go out much.
(or . . . a lot.)
6 She travels a lot.
UNIT 84
84.1
2 a few
3 a little
4 a few
5 a little
6 a few
82.3
3 Both of them are students.
4 N either o f them has (got)
a car.
5 Both o f them live in
London.
6 Both of them like
cooking.
7 Neither o f them can play
the piano.
8 Both o f them read
newspapers.
9 Neither o f them is
interested in sport.
UNIT 83
83.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
many
much
many
many
much
much
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a little milk
A few days
a little Russian
a few friends
a few times
a few chairs
a little fresh air
84.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
very little coffee
very little rain
very few hotels
very little time
Very few people
very little work
84.4
8
9
10
11
12
many
How many
How much
How much
How many
83.2
2
3
4
5
6
84.2
much time
many countries
many people
much luggage
many times
2 A few
3 a little
4 little
5 few
6 a little
7 little
85.1
2 I like that green jacket.
3 Do you like classical
music?
4 I had a wonderful holiday.
5 We went to a Japanese
restaurant.
85.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
black clouds
long holiday
hot water
fresh air
sharp knife
dangerous job
85.3
2
3
4
5
6
It looks new.
I feel ill.
You look surprised.
They smell nice.
It tastes horrible.
85.4
2 It doesn’t look new.
3 You don’t sound
American.
4 I don’t feel cold.
5 They don’t look heavy.
6 Maybe, but it doesn’t taste
good.
UNIT 86
86.1
2 badly
3 quietly
4 angrily
86.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
work hard
sleep well
win easily
Think carefully
know her very well
explain things very
clearly/well
8 Come quickly
84.5
86.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
... a little luck
... a few things
OK
... a few questions
... few people
OK
angry
slowly
slow
careful
hard
suddenly
8 quiet
9 badly
10 nice (See
U nit 8 5 C .)
11 quickly
86.4
2 well
3 good
4 well
302
5 fast
6 dangerously
5 well
6 good ... good
Key to Exercises
UNIT 87
87.1
2
3
4
5
6
bigger
slower
more expensive
higher
more dangerous
87.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
stronger
happier
more modern
more important
better
larger
more serious
prettier
more crowded
87.3
2
3
4
5
6
hotter/w arm er
more expensive
worse
further
more difficult or h;
8 7.4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
taller
harder
more comfortable
better
nicer
heavier
more interested
warmer
better
bigger
more beautiful
sharper
more polite
worse
UNIT 88
88.1
3 Liz is taller than Ben.
4 Liz starts work earlier than
Ben.
5 Ben works harder than
Liz.
6 Ben has got more money
than Liz.
7 Liz is a better driver than
Ben.
8 Ben is more patient than
Liz.
9 Ben is a better dancer than
Liz. / Ben dances better
than Liz.
10 Liz is more intelligent than
Ben.
11 Liz speaks French better
than Ben. / Liz speaks
better French than Ben. /
Liz’s French is better than
B en’s.
12 Ben goes to the cinema
more than Liz. / ... more
often than Liz.
88.2
2 You’re older than her. / ...
than she is.
3 You work harder than me.
/ . . . than I do.
4 You watch TV more than
him. / ... than he does.
5 You’re a better cook than
me. / ... than I am. or
You cook better than me.
/ . . . than I do.
6 You know more people
than us. / ... than we do.
7 You’ve got more money
than them. / ... than they
have.
8 You can run faster than
me. / ... than I can.
9 You’ve been here longer
than her. / . . . than she
has.
10 You got up earlier than
them. / ... than they did.
11 You were more surprised
than him. / ... than he
was.
88.3
2 Jack’s mother is much
younger than his father.
3 My camera cost a bit more
than yours. / ... than your
camera, or
My camera was a bit more
expensive than ...
4 I feel much better today
than yesterday. / ... than I
did yesterday. / ... than I
felt yesterday.
5 It’s a bit warmer today
than yesterday. / . . . than it
was yesterday.
6 Sarah is a much better
tennis player than me / ...
than 1 am. or
Sarah is much better at
tennis than me / . . . than I
am. or
Sarah plays tennis much
better than me / ... than I
do.
UNIT 89
89.1
2 A is longer than B, but not
as long as C.
3 C is heavier than A, but
not as heavy as B.
4 A is older than C, but not
as old as B.
5 B has got more money
than C, but not as much
as A. or
. . . but less (money) than A.
6 C works harder than A,
but not as hard as B.
89.2
2 Your room isn’t as big as
mine. / ... as my room.
3 I didn’t get up as early as
you. / ... as you did.
4 They didn’t play as well as
us. / ... as we did.
5 You haven’t been here as
long as me. / ... as I have.
6 He isn’t as nervous as her. /
... as she is.
89.3
2 as
3 than
4 than
5 as
6 than
7 as
8 than
89.4
2 Julia lives in the same
street as Laura.
3 Julia got up at the same
time as Andy.
4 Andy’s car is the same
colour as Laura’s.
UNIT 90
90.1
2 C is longer than A.
D is the longest.
B is the shortest.
3 D is younger than C.
B is the youngest.
C is the oldest.
4 D is more expensive
than A.
C is the most expensive.
A is the cheapest.
5 A is better than C.
A is the best.
D is the worst.
303
Key to Exercises
92.2
90.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
happiest day
best film
most popular singer
worst mistake
prettiest village
coldest day
most boring person
90.3
2 Everest is the highest
mountain in the world.
3-6
Brazil is the largest
country in South
America.
Alaska is the largest state
in the USA.
The Nile is the longest
river in Africa. / ... in
the world.
Jupiter is the largest planet
in the solar system.
UNIT 91
3
4
5
6
7
enough
too many
too
enough
too much
8
9
10
11
enough
too
too many
too much
92.3
3 It’s too far.
4 It’s too expensive.
5 It isn’t / i t ’s not big
enough.
6 It was too difficult.
7 It isn’t good enough.
8 I’m too busy.
9 It was too long.
9 2 .4
2 too early to go to bed
3 too young to get married
4 too dangerous to go out at
night
5 too late to phone Sue
(now)
6 too surprised to say
anything
91.1
2 enough chairs
3 enough paint
4 enough wind
91.2
2 The car isn’t big enough.
3 His legs aren’t long
enough.
4 He isn’t strong enough.
91.3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
old enough
enough time
big enough
eat enough
enough space
tired enough
practise enough
91.4
2
3
4
5
6
sharp enough to cut
warm enough to go
enough bread to make
well enough to win
enough time to read
UNIT 92
92.1
2
3
4
5
6
304
____
too heavy
too low
too fast
to o big
too crowded
UNIT 93
93.1
3 I like this picture very
much.
4 Tom started his new job
last week.
5 OK
6 Jane bought a present for
her friend, or Jane
bought her friend a
present.
7 I drink three cups of
coffee every day.
8 OK
9 I borrowed fifty pounds
from my brother.
93.2
2 I bought a new computer
last week.
3 Paul finished his work
quickly.
4 Emily doesn’t speak
French very well.
5 I did a lot o f shopping
yesterday.
6 Do you know London
well?
7 We enjoyed the party very
much.
8 I explained the problem
carefully.
9 We met some friends at
the airport.
10 Did you buy that jacket in
England?
11 We do the same thing
every day.
12 I don’t like football very
much.
93.3
2 I arrived at the hotel early.
3 Julia goes to Italy every
year.
4 We have lived here since
1988.
5 Sue was born in London
in 1980.
6 Paul didn’t go to work
yesterday.
7 Helen went to a wedding
last weekend.
8 I had my breakfast in bed
this morning.
9 Barbara is going to
university in September.
10 I saw a beautiful bird in
the garden this morning.
11 My parents have been to
the U nited States many
times.
12 I left my umbrella in the
restaurant last night.
13 Are you going to the
cinema tomorrow
evening?
14 I took the children to
school this morning.
UNIT 9 4
94.1
2 He always gets up early.
3 H e’s/H e is never late for
work.
4 He sometimes gets angry.
5 He rarely goes swimming.
6 H e’s/H e is usually at
home in the evenings.
94.2
2 Susan is always polite.
3 I usually finish work at
5 o ’clock.
4 Sarah has just started a
new job.
5 1 rarely go to bed before
midnight.
6 The bus isn’t usually late.
7 I don’t often eat fish.
8 I will never forget what
you said.
9 Have you ever lost your
passport?
Key to Exercises
10 Do you still work in the
same place?
11 They always stay in the
same hotel.
12 Jane doesn’t usually work
on Saturdays.
13 Is Tina already here?
14 W hat do you usually have
for breakfast?
15 I can never remember his
name.
94.3
2 Yes, and I also speak
French.
3 Yes, and I’m also hungry.
4 Yes, and I’ve also been to
Ireland.
5 Yes, and I also bought
some books.
4 They were having dinner. /
They were eating.
They’re/They are still
having dinner. / ... still
eating.
They haven’t finished
(dinner) yet. / They
haven’t finished eating yet.
95.3
2 Is Helen here yet? or
Has Helen arrived/come
yet?
3 Have you got your (exam)
results yet? / Have you
had your ... / Have you
received your ...
4 Have you decided where
to go yet? / Do you know
where you’re going yet?
94.4
95.4
1 They both play football.
They’re/They are both
students.
They’ve both got cars. /
They both have cars.
2 They’re/They are all
married.
They were all born in
England.
They all live in New York.
3 She’s/She has already
gone/left.
4 I’ve already got one. / I
already have one.
5 I’ve/1 have already paid
(it).
6 he already knows.
UNIT 96
96.1
UNIT 95
95.1
2 Do yon still live in Clare
Street?
3 Are you still a student?
4 Have you still got a
motorbike? / Do you still
have ...
5 Do you still go to the
cinema a lot?
6 Do you still want to be a
teacher?
95.2
2 He was looking for a job.
H e’s/H e is still looking
(for a job).
He hasn’t found a job yet.
3 She was asleep.
She’s/She is still asleep.
She hasn’t woken up yet. /
She isn’t awake yet. or
She hasn’t got up yet. /
She isn’t up yet.
2
3
4
5
6
He
He
He
He
He
gave
gave
gave
gave
gave
it to Gary.
them to Sarah.
it to his sister.
them to Robert.
it to a neighbour.
96.2
2 I gave Joanna a plant.
3 I gave Richard a tie.
4 I gave Emma some
chocolates / a box of
chocolates.
5 I gave Rachel some
flowers / a bunch of
flowers.
6 I gave Kevin a pen.
96.3
2 Can you lend me an
umbrella?
3 Can you give me your
address?
4 Can you lend me twenty
pounds?
5 Can you send me some
information?
6 Can you show me the
letter?
7 Can y'ou get me some
stamps?
96.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
lend you some money
send the letter to me
buy you a present
pass me the sugar
give it to her
showed the policeman my
identity card
U N I T 97
97.1
3 I went to the window and
(I) looked out.
4 I wanted to phone you,
but I didn’t have your
number.
5 I jumped into the river
and (I) swam to the other
side.
6 I usually drive to work,
but I went by bus this
morning.
7 Do you want me to come
with you, or shall I wait
here?
97.2
E xam ple answers:
2 because it was raining. /
because the weather was
bad.
3 but it was closed.
4 so he didn’t eat anything. /
so he didn’t want anything
to eat.
5 because there was a lot of
traffic. / because the traffic
was bad.
6 Sue said goodbye, got into
her car and drove
off/ away.
97.3
E xam ple answers:
3 I went to the cinema, but
the film wasn’t very good.
4 I went to a cafe and met
some friends ot mine.
5 There was a film on
television, so I watched it.
6 I got up in the middle o f
the night because I
couldn’t sleep.
UNIT 98
98.1
2 When I’m tired, I like to
watch TV.
3 When I phoned her, there
was no answer.
305
Key to Exercises
4 When I go on holiday, I
always go to the same
place.
5 W hen the programme
ended, I turned off the TV.
6 W hen I got to the hotel,
there were no rooms.
98.2
2 when they heard the news
3 they went to live in New
Zealand
4 while they were away
5 before they came here
6 somebody broke into the
house
7 they didn’t believe me
98.3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I finish
it’s
I’ll be ... she leaves
stops
We’ll come ... we’re
I come ... I’ll bring
I’m
I’ll give ... I go
I’ll tell ... I’m
98.4
E xam ple answers:
2 you finish your work
3 I’m going to buy a
motorbike
4 you get ready
5 I w on’t have much free
time
6 I come back
UNIT 99
99.1
2 If you pass the exam,
you’ll get a certificate.
3 If you fail the exam, you
can do it again.
4 If you don’t want this
magazine, I’ll throw' it
away.
5 If you want those pictures,
you can have them.
6 If you’re busy now, we can
talk later.
7 If you’re hungry, we can
have lunch now'.
8 If you need money, I can
lend you some.
99.2
2 I give
3 is
4 I’ll call
306
5 I’ll be ... get
6 Will you go ... they invite
99.3
E xam ple answers:
3 ... you’re busy.
4 ... you’ll feel better in the
morning.
5 ... you’re not watching it.
6 ... she doesn’t study.
7 ... I’ll go and see Chris.
8 ... the W'eather is good.
9 ... it rains today.
99.4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
W hen
If
If
if
W hen
if
when ... if
UNIT 100
100.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
wanted
had
w'ere/was
didn’t enjoy
could
tried
didn’t have
100.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I’d go / I would go
she knew'
we had
you won
I wouldn’t stay
we lived
It would be
the salary was/were
I wouldn’t know
would you change
100.3
2 I’d w'atch it / I would
watch it
3 we had some pictures on
the wall
4 the air would be cleaner
5 every day was/were the
same
6 I’d be bored / I would be
bored
7 we had a bigger house /
we bought a bigger house
8 we would/could buy a
bigger house
100.4
E xam ple answers:
2 I’d go to Antarctica
3 I didn’t have any friends
4 I’d buy a house if I had
enough money.
5 I’d try and help
6 there were no guns
UNIT 101
101.1
2 A butcher is a person w'ho
sells meat.
3 A musician is a person
who plays a musical
instrument.
4 A patient is a person who
is ill in hospital.
5 A dentist is a person who
takes care of your teeth.
6 A fool is a person who
does stupid things.
7 A genius is a person who
is very intelligent.
8 A liar is a person who
doesn’t tell the truth.
101.2
2 The w'oman who opened
the door was wearing a
yellow dress.
3 Most o f the students who
took the exam passed (it).
4 The policeman who
stopped our car w'asn’t
very friendly.
101.3
2 w'ho
6 which
3 w'hich
7 who
4 which
8 who
5 who
9 which
that is also correct in all these
sentences.
101.4
3 ... a machine that/which
makes coffee.
4 O K (which is also correct)
5 ... people w h o /th a t never
stop talking.
6 O K (who is also correct)
7 O K (that is also correct)
8 ... the sentences
that/w hich are wrong.
9 ... a car that/w hich cost
£40,000.
Key to Exercises
UNIT 102
102.1
2 I’ve lost the pen you gave
me.
3 I like the jacket Sue is
wearing.
4 W here are the flowers I
gave you?
5 I didn’t believe the story
he told us.
6 How much were the
oranges you bought?
102.2
2 The meal you cooked was
excellent.
3 The shoes I’m wearing
aren’t very comfortable.
4 The people we invited to
dinner didn’t come.
6
7
8
9
10
in
on
on
in
at
15
16
17
18
19
in
on
in
at
at
103.3
2 on Friday
3 on Monday
4 at 4 o’clock on Thursday /
on Thursday at 4 o ’clock
5 on Saturday evening
6 at 2.30 on Tuesday
(afternoon) / on Tuesday
(afternoon) at 2.30
102.4
UNIT 103
103.1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
at
on
in
in
on
on
at
on
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
at
in
on
on
at
at
at
in
11
12
13
14
at
on
in
at
103.2
2
3
4
5
on
at
in
in
until
for
since
Until
for
for
until
105.1
2
3
4
5
103.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
in
- (already complete)
- (already complete)
in
at
- (already complete)
9 - (already complete)
10 on
11 in
12 at
UNIT 104
2 Alex lived in Canada until
1999.
3 Alex has lived in England
since 1999.
4 Karen lived in France
until 2003.
5 Karen has lived in
Switzerland since 2003.
6 Clare worked in a hotel
from 1998 to 2001.
7 Clare has worked in a
restaurant since 2001.
8 Adam was a teacher from
1992 to 1998.
9 Adam has been a journalist
since 1998.
11 Alex has lived in England
fo r
years.
12 Karen has lived in
Switzerland f o r
years.
13 Clare worked in a hotel
for three years.
14 Clare has worked in a
restaurant f o r
years.
9 since
10 until
11 for
12 until
13 Since
14 for
UNIT 105
103.4
104.1
2 W hat’s the name of the
restaurant where you had
dinner?
3 H ow big is the village
where you live?
4 W here exactly is the
factory where you work?
104.2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 I’ll call you in three days.
3 My exam is in two weeks.
4 Tom will be here in half
an hour. / ... in 30
minutes.
102.3
2 W ho are the people you
were talking to?
3 Did you find the keys you
were looking for?
4 W here is the party you’re
going to?
5 W hat’s the name of the
film you were talking
about?
6 W hat’s that music you’re
listening to?
7 Did you get the letter you
were waiting for?
15 Adam was a teacher for six
years.
16 Adam has been a journalist
f o r .......years.
after lunch
before the end
during the course
before they went to
Australia
6 during the night
7 while you are waiting
8 after the concert
105.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
while
for
while
during
while
for
during
while
105.3
2
3
4
5
6
eating
answering
having/taking
finishing/doing
going/travelling
105.4
2 John worked in a
bookshop for two years
after leaving school.
3 Before going to sleep, 1
read for a few minutes.
4 After walking for three
hours, we were very tired.
5 Let’s have a cup of coffee
before going out.
UNIT 106
106.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
In the box.
On the box.
On the wall.
A t the bus stop.
In the field.
On the balcony.
3 07
Key to Exercises
8
9
10
11
In the pool.
A t the window.
On the ceiling.
On the table.
12 A t the table.
106.2
2 in
3 on
4 in
5 on
6 at
7 in
8 in
9 at
10 at
11 in
12 at
13 on
14 at
15 on the wall in the living
room
UNIT 107
107.1
2 A t the airport.
3 In bed.
4 O n a ship.
5 In the sky.
6 A t a party.
7 A t the doctor’s.
8 O n the second floor.
9 A t work.
10 O n a plane.
11 In a taxi.
12 A t a wedding.
107.2
2 in
3 in
4 at
5 at
6 in
7 at
8 at
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
in
in
on
on
at
in
on
UNIT 108
2 to
4 to
5 in
6 to
7 to
8 in
108.2
3 to
4
5
6
7
8
308
108.3
2 to
3 to
4 in
5 to
6 to
7 at
8 to
9 to
10 at
11 at
12 to Maria’s house ... at
home
13 —(already complete)
14 meet at the party... go to
the party
108.4
1 to
2 —(already complete)
3 at
4 in
5 to
6 - (already complete)
108.5
E xam ple answers:
2 to work
3 at work
4 to Canada
5 to parties
6 at a friend’s house
UNIT 109
109.1
2 next to / beside / by
3 in front of
4 between
5 next to / beside / by
6 in front of
7 behind
8 on the left
9 in the middle
109.2
108.1
3 in
9 at
10 at a restaurant ... to the
hotel
to
at home ... to wor
at
—(already complete)
to
2 behind
3 above
4 in front of
5 on
6 by / next to / beside
7 below / under
8 above
9 under
10 by / next to / beside
11 opposite
12 on
109.3
2 The fountain is in front of
the theatre.
3 The bank/bookshop is
opposite the theatre, or
Paul’s office is opposite the
theatre, or
The theatre is opposite ...
4 The bank/bookshop/
supermarket is next to ...
5 Paul’s office is above the
bookshop.
6 The bookshop is between
the bank and the
supermarket.
UNIT 110
110.1
2 Go under the bridge.
3 Go up the hill.
4 Go down the steps.
5 Go along this street.
6 Go into the hotel.
7 Go past the hotel.
8 Go out of the hotel.
9 Go over the bridge.
10 Go through the park.
110.2
2 off
3 over
4 out of
5 across
6 round/around
7 through
8 on
9 round/around
10 in to the house through a
window
110.3
1 out of
2 round/around
3 in
4 fro m here to the airport
5 round/around
6 on/over
7 over
8 out of
UNIT 111
111.1
2 on time
3 on holiday
4 on the phone
5 on television
Key to Exercises
111.2
2 by
3 with
4 about
5 on
6 by
7 at
8 on
9 with
10 about grammar by Vera P.
Bull
111.3
1 with
2 without
3 by
4 about
5 at
6 by
7 on
8 with
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
at
by
about
by
on
with
by
by
UNIT 112
112.1
2 in
3 to
4 at
5 with
6 of
112.2
2 at
3 to
4 about
5 of
6 of
7 from /to (You can also say
different than ...)
8 in
9 for
10 about
11 of
12 for/about getting angry
with you
112.3
2
3
4
5
6
interested in going
good at getting
fed up with waiting
sorry for/about waking
Thank you for waiting.
112.4
2 Sue walked past me
without speaking.
3 D on’t do anything without
asking me first.
4 I went, out without
locking the door.
112.5
E xam ple answers:
2 I’m afraid of the dark.
3 I’m not very good at
drawing.
4 I’m not interested in cars.
5 I’m fed up with living
here.
UNIT 113
113.1
2 to
3 for
4 to
5 at
6 for
113.2
2 to
3 to
4 for
5 to
6 of/about
7 for
8 on
9 to
10 for
11 to
12 —(already complete)
13 to
14 on
15 of/about
113.3
1 at
2 after
3 for
4 after
5 at
6 for
113.4
E xam ple answers:
3 It depends on the
programme.
4 It depends (on) what it is.
5 It depends on the weather.
6 It depends (on) how much
you want.
UNIT 114
114.1
2 went in
3 looked up
4 rode off/away
5 turned round/around
6 got off .
7 sat down
8 got out
114.2
2 away
3 round/around
4 going out ... be back
5 down
6 over
7
8
9
10
back
m
up
going away ... coming
back
114.3
2 Hold on
3 slowed down
4 takes off
5 getting on
6 speak up
7 broken down
8 fall over / fall down
9 carry on
10 gave up
1.1 went off
UNIT 115
115.1
2 She took off her hat. or
She took her hat off.
3 He put down his bag. or
He put his bag down.
4 She picked up the
magazine, or She picked
the magazine up.
5 He put on his sunglasses.
or He put his sunglasses
on.
6 She turned off the tap. or
She turned the tap off.
115.2
2 He put his jacket on.
He put it on.
3 She took off her glasses.
She took them off.
4 I picked the phone up.
I picked it up.
5 They gave the key back.
They gave it back.
6 We turned off the lights.
We turned them off.
115.3
2 take it back
3 picked them up
4 switched it off
5 bring them back
115.4
3 knocked over
4 look it up
5 throw them away
6 tried on
7 showed me round
8 gave it up or gave up
(without it)
9 fill it in
10 put your cigarette out
3 09
Key to Additional exercises
1
3
4
5
6
Kate is a doctor.
The children are asleep.
Gary isn’t hungry.
The books aren’t on the
table.
7 The hotel is near the
station.
8 The bus isn’t full.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
she’s / she is
W here are
Is he
It’s / It is
I’m/1 am or
No, I’m not. I’m a student.
W hat colour is
Is it
Are you
How much are they?
3
3 H e’s/H e is having a
shower.
4 Are the children playing?
5 Is it raining?
6 They’re/They are coming
now.
7 Why are you standing
here?
I’m /I am waiting for
somebody.
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
5
3
4
5
6
Sam doesn’t want
Do you want
Does Helen live
Sarah knows
I don’t travel
do you usually get up
They don’t go out
Tom always finishes
does Julia do ... She
works
She’s/She is a student.
She hasn’t got a car.
She goes out a lot.
She’s got/She has got a
lot ot friends.
7 She doesn’t like London.
8 She likes dancing.
9 She isn’t/She’s not
interested in sport.
310
6
1 Are you married?
W here do you live?
Have you got / Do you
have any children?
How old is she?
2 How old are you?
W hat do you do? / Where
do you work? / W hat’s
your job?
Do you like/enjoy your
job?
Have you got / Do you
have a car?
Do you (usually) go to
work by car?
3 W hat’s his name? / W hat’s
he called?
W hat does he do? /
W hat’s his job?
Does he live/work in
London?
7
4 Sonia is 32 years old.
5 I’ve got / I have two
sisters.
6 We often watch TV in the
evening.
7 Jane never wears a hat.
8 A bicycle has got two
wheels. / ... has two
wheels.
9 These flowers are
beautiful.
10 Mary speaks German very
well.
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
are you cooking
plays
I’m going
It’s raining
I don’t watch
we’re looking
do you pronounce
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
we go
is shining
are you going
do you go
She writes
I never read
They’re watching
She’s talking
do you usually have
H e ’s visiting
I don’t drink
10
2 went
3 found
4 was
5 had
6 told
7 gave
8 were
9 thought
10 invited/asked
11
3 He was good at sport.
4 He played football.
5 He didn’t work hard at
school.
6 He had a lot o f friends.
7 He didn’t have a bicycle.
8 He wasn’t a quiet child.
12
3 How long were you there? /
H ow long did you stay
there?
4 Did you like/enjoy
Amsterdam?
5 W here did you stay?
6 Was the weather good?
7 W hen did you get/come
back?
13
3 I forgot
4 did you get
5 I didn’t speak
6 Did you have
7 he didn’t go
8 she arrived
9 did R obert live
10 The meal didn’t cost
14
2 were working
3 opened
4 rang ... was cooking
5 heard ... looked
6 was looking ... happened
7 wasn’t reading ... was
watching
8 didn’t read
9 finished ... paid ... left
10 saw ... was walking ...
was waiting
Key to Additional exercises
19
15
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
is playing
gave
doesn’t like
did your parents go
saw ... was driving
Do you watch
were you doing
goes
’m /am trying
didn’t sleep
16
3 it’s/it has just
finished/ended.
4 I’ve/1 have found them.
or I’ve got them.
5 I haven’t read it.
6 Have you seen her?
7 I’ve/I have had enough.
8 Have you (ever) been to
Sweden?
9 W e’ve/We have (just)
been to the cinema.
10 They’ve/They have gone
to a party.
11 H e’s/H e has (just) woken
up-
12 H ow long have you lived
here? or ... have you
been living here?
13 w e’ve/w e have known
each other for a long time.
14 It’s/It has been raining all
day. or It has rained all
day. or It has been
horrible/bad all day.
17
3 ’s/has been
4 for
5 since
6 has he lived / has he been /
has he been living
7 for
8 ’ve been/have been
18
E xa m p le answers:
3 I’ve just started this
exercise.
4 I’ve met Julia a few times.
5 I haven’t had dinner yet.
6 I’ve never been to
Australia.
7 I’ve lived here since I was
born.
8 I’ve lived here for three
years.
3 bought/got
4 went
5 ’ve/have read or
read or
’ve/have finished with
6 haven’t started (it) or
haven’t begun (it)
7 was
8 didn’t see
9 left
10 ’s/has been
11 was
12 ’ve/have never made
20
3 H e’s/H e has already gone.
4 she left at 4 o’clock.
5 How many times have you
been there?
6 I haven’t decided yet.
7 It was on the table last
night.
8 I’ve eaten there a few
times.
9 W hat time did they arrive?
21
1 W hen was the last time?
or W hen did you go the
last time?
2 How long have you had
it?
I bought/got it yesterday.
3 How long have you lived
there / have you been
there / have you been
living here?
Before that we lived in
Mill Road.
How long did you live in
Mill Road?
4 How long have you
worked there / have you
been working there?
W hat did you do before
that?
I was a taxi driver, or
I worked as a taxi driver.
22
E xam ple answers:
2 I didn't go out last night.
3 I was at work yesterday
afternoon.
4 I went to a party a few
days ago.
5 It was my birthday last
week.
6 I went to America last year.
23
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B
D
A
A
D
C
B
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
c:
D
A
C
B
C
A
24
1 was damaged ... be
knocked down
2 was built ... is used ... is
being painted
3 is called ... be called ...
was changed
4 have been made ... are
produced
25
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
is visited
were damaged
be built
is being cleaned
be forgotten
has already been done
be kept
Have you ever been bitten
was stolen
26
2 My car was stolen last
week.
3 You’re/You are wanted
on the phone.
4 All the bananas have been
eaten.
5 The machine will be
repaired.
6 We’re/We are being
watched.
7 The housework has to be
done.
27
pushed
was pushed
has taken
is being repaired
invented
was the camera invented
have been washed or
were washed
10 I’ve/I have washed them
or I washed them.
11 did they send or have
they sent
12 be sent
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
311
Key to Additional exercises
28
2 B
3 A
4 C
5 B
6 C
7 C
31
8
9
10
11
12
B
B
A
B
C
29
1 I stayed
did you do
I watched
Are you going
I’m going
are you going to see
I don’t know. I haven’t
decided
2 have you been
We arrived
are you staying / are you
going to stay
do you like
we’re having
3 I’ve just remembered —
Karen phoned
She always phones ... Did
she leave
she wants
I’ll phone ... Do you
know
I’ll get
4 I’m going ... Do you
want
are you going
Have you ever eaten
I’ve been ... I went
5 I’ve lost ... Have you seen
You were wearing ... I
came
I’m not wearing
Have you looked / Did
you look
I’ll go
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
we met
we sat / we were sitting
We didn’t know
we became
we liked
we spent
We left
we meet
has been
she’s working
She’s coming
she comes
we’ll have / we’re going to
have
14 It will be
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
33
we’re staying
we enjoyed
We watched
slept
I don’t sleep
we’re not doing / we’re
not going to do
we’re going
to see
We haven’t decided
wants
to go
I’ll send
you’re having
are working / have been
working
he had
he needs
We’ve been
We got
seeing
I liked
we went
we left
had
he wasn’t injured
was damaged
We’ve changed / We
changed
we’re leaving
We’re staying / We’re
going to stay / We’ll stay
flying
That will be / That’s going
to be
finished
I’ll let
we get
are looking
We’re going
we’ll send
32
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
B
C
B
C
B
A
C
A
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
B
A
C
B
C
A
C
B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a car
the fridge
a teacher
school
the cinema
a taxi
the piano
computers
the same
34
4 a horse
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
T he sky
a tourist
for lunch (—)
the first President ot the
United States
a watch
remember names (—)
the next train
sends emails (—)
the garden
the Majestic Hotel
ill last week (—) ... to
work (—)
the highest mountain in
the world
to the radio ... having
breakfast (—)
like sport (-) ... is
basketball (—)
a doctor ... an art teacher
the second floor ... the
top o f the stairs ... on
the right
After dinner (—) ...
watched television (—)
a wonderful holiday in the
south o f France (—)
35
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
in
on
at
on
in
since
on
by
in
for
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
at
at
in
at
on
by
for . .. on
to .. . in
at .. . in
Key to Study guide
Present
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
B
A
C
A
C, D
B
D
C
C
A
C
A
D
C
A
D
C, D
A, D
Past
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
B
E
D
B
A
D
A
C
C
Present perfect
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
B .E
D
B
D
E
B
A
C
D
E
Passive
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
D
C
E
A
A
Verb forms
5.1
5.2
D
B
Future
A1
A
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
A
C
A, B
B
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
C
D
C
B
Modals, imperative etc.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
C ,D
A, C
A
D
B
E
B, D
D
C
C
A
E
There and it
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
B
E
A
A
B
Auxiliary verbs
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
C
A
C
B
B
C
D
Questions
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
D
D
A
A
B
D
B
A
C, E
C
A
A, C
Reported speech
ll.l
11.2
E
A, B, D
-in g and to ...
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
B
D
B
C
B, C
C
12.7
12.8
A
D
Go, get, do, make and hav'
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
A, D
C
C, D
A, D
B
D
Pronouns and possessives
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
A
C
D
B
B, C
A
E
A
D
C
A and the
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.10
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.14
C
B
A, C
B
B
A
D
C.
B
B
E
D
B
A
Determiners and pronouns
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.11
16.12
16.13
16.14
16.15
16.16
16.17
16.18
16.19
C
C
B
B
C
A, C
D
B, D
A
B
E
B, D
A
A, B
D
A, C
D
B
A
Key to Study Guide
Adjectives and adverbs
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
17.10
17.11
17.12
17.13
17.14
A
C
C
D
B
B
A, C
E
A
B
D
A
D
C
Word order
18.1
18.2
18.3
314
B
C
B
18.4
18.5
A
A, D
Conjunctions and clauses
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
C
A
D
E
B, C
A, B
B ,D
A
Prepositions
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
D
E
C, D
B
A, D
A
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11
20.12
20.13
20.14
20.15
20.16
20.17
20.18
20.19
20.20
B
C
B
D
D
A
C
D
A
E
C
B
D
D
Phrasal verbs
21.1
21.2
21.3
C
A, B
B
Index
T h e n u m b e r s are u n it n u m b e rs
anybody/anyone/anything
(n o t p ag e n u m b ers).
76D , 7 8 -7 9
anywhere 7 9
apostrophe ( I ’m . it’s etc.)
a /a n 65
A p p e n d ix 4
a a n d som e 6 7 —6 8
a /a n a n d the 6 9
about 111E
above 1 0 9 E
active a n d passive A p p e n d ix 1
across 110
adjectives 85
a p o stro p h e’s (m y brother’s car) 64
are see am /is/are
around 1 1 0 ,1 1 4 —1 1 5 ,
A p p e n d ix 7
6 5 , 6 7 —68
by (= beside)
s u p e rla tiv e s (the oldest / the most
as (not as .. . as) 89
ask
ask somebody to . ..
expensive) 9 0
get + a d je c tiv e (get tired etc.)
ask som ebody for . ..
expensive etc.)
53B
1 13A
at
56B
p o ssessiv e a d je c tiv e s (m y /y o u r/h e r
at 8 o ’cloek / at night etc. 103
e tc.) 6 0 , 6 2
so m eth in g /a n y b o d y etc. + a d je c tiv e
at the bus stop / at ivork etc.
79C "
a d je c tiv e s + p r e p o s itio n (afraid oj
adverbs 86
w o r d o r d e r (a lw a ys/usually/often
94
53B
11 I B
run away / throw away etc.
A p p e n d ix 7
verbs)
1—2
continue (continue to .. . o r
continue -ing) 5 2 C
contractions (s h o rt fo rm s — I ’m ,
i t ’s, you've etc.) A p p e n d ix 4
c o u ld /co u ld n ’t 3 0 C - D
countable a n d u n c o u n ta b le
6 7 -6 8
c o n tin u o u s )
w as/w ere 10
w o r d o r d e r 94
also ( w o rd o r d e r) 94
always
3 -4 , 23A , 25, 51 C
was/w ere + -ing (past c o n tin u o u s )
13, 2 3 A , 5 1 C
h a ve/h a s been ( p re s e n t p e rfe c t)
1 5 -1 8
always + p r e s e n t s im p le 5 C
w o r d o r d e r 94
a m /is/a r e 1-2
passive 2 1 —2 2 , A p p e n d ix 1
will be 27
because 97
been
25, 51C
37
an see a
and 97
angry (w ith/about) 112A
another 6 5 B
any
depend (on) 1 1 3 C
did
d id n ’t in n eg ativ es
12, 2 3 D , 4 0 C ,
43B , 51A
a m /is/a r e + -ing (p re s e n t
already + p r e s e n t p e r fe c t 16B
not + a n y 1 1
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 7
be (in fin itiv e o f a m /is/a re)
94
a n y a n d no 7 7
1 1 4 -1 1 5 ,
come back / g i v e back e tc. (p h rasal
alon g 110
already 95C
any (oj) 81
at the age o f .. .
am U s/are
any a n d som e 7 6
a n d /b u t/o r/so /b e ca u se 97
nouns
all a n d every etc. 8 0
there is / there arc
conjunctions 9 7 - 1 0 0
back
all (of) 81
a m /is /a r e -ing ( p re s e n t
c o n tin u o u s ) 3—4, 23A,
i f I do ... 99
i f I d i d . . . 100
if 9 9 -1 0 0
(p h rasal verbs)
...)
8 7 -8 9
conditional ( i f ...)
w h e n /b e fo re/w h ile/a fter/u n til 98
108
auxiliary verbs 2 3 , 4 0 —42
away
112A
w o rd o rd e r
1 0 6 -1 0 7
at a n d to
advise (advise som ebody to
afraid (of) 112A
after 9 8 , 105
ago 19B
all
109C
ca n /c a n ’t 30
com parative (older / more
the 7 0 - 7 3
expensive) 8 7 - 8 9
e tc.)
a dog.) 2 1 D
by m y se lf / by yourself etc. 6 3 C
a /a n a n d the 69
c o m p a r a tiv e s (older / more
e tc.)
w o r d o r d e r 94
but 97
by U 1 C
by a f te r th e passive (I was bitten by
arrive 1 0 8 C
articles (a /a n /th e ) 6 5 - 7 3
a /a n
a d je c tiv e s a n d ad v erb s
(q u ick/q u ickly) 8 6
better 8 7 D
betw een 109A
bit (a bit older/bigger etc.) 8 8 D
born 2 1 C
both 82
have/h a s been (p re s e n t p e rfe c t)
1 5 -1 8
been a n d gone 1 7 C
there h as/have been 3 8 B
before 9 8 , 105
begin (begin to . .. o r begin -ing)
52C
behind 109 A
belon g (to) 113A
below 10 9 E
beside 1 09A
best 9 0 B
did in q u e s tio n s
12, 2 3 D , 4 0 C ,
44B , 51A
different (from) 1 1 2 A
direct speech an d r e p o r te d
sp e e c h
50
do and m ake 57
d o n ’t/d o e s n ’t in n eg ativ es 6 , 2 3 D ,
4 0 C , 43B , 51A
do/does in q u e s tio n s 7, 2 3 D ,
4 0 C , 44B, 51A
d o n ’t go / d o n ’t fall etc.
(im p e ra tiv e )
35B
down 110
sit down / p u t down etc. (p h rasal
verbs)
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6—7
during 105
Index
each other 63D
either
give up / give back etc. (phrasal
v erb s)
go 55
either a n d too 4 2 A
either (of) 82
em bedded questions (D o you
kn o w w h at . . . ? e tc .) 49
end (at the cud of) IQ3B, 106B
enjoy
enjoy -ing 52B
enjoy m yself/yo u rself e tc . 63A
enough 91
enough and too 92D
ever
H a ve you ever . .. ? 17
go -ing (go sw im m ing etc.)
55D
go home / go to work / go to the
cinema 71
114
something) 26
gone a n d been 1 7 C
good
in f in itiv e (do/see e tc .) a n d to +
in f in itiv e (to do / to see etc.)
p a st o f get
5 1 ,5 3
1 1 C , 56
have/h a s got 9, 5 8 A
can /w ill/s h o u ld e tc . + in fin itiv e
51A
had
v erb s + to + in fin itiv e (I want to
past o f have
go e tc .)
11C
(in fin itiv e fo r p u r p o s e )
in fin itiv e a n d for .. .
.. . )
have done / have been etc. (p re s e n t
15—18, 2 3 C
35A
have breakfast / have a shower etc.
fu tu re a fte r w hen /before/W hile etc.
how 47
25C
26
27-28
shall 27D .28C
get hom e 5 6 C , 1 0 8 C
98B
p e rfe c t) 18
how big? / how old? / how far? etc.
geographical nam es w ith a n d
w i t h o u t the 73
gerund see -in g
get 56
get to (a place) 56C, 108C
get on / g e t up e tc . (p h rasal verbs)
give
som ebody som ething
96
5 1 -5 2
5 2 B -C
"
go -ing (t>o sw im m in g etc.)
p r e p o s itio n s + -ing
interested (in) 1 1 2 A
into 110
irregular verbs 11C , 24B .
A p p e n d ix 2—3
is see a m /is/a r e
it 3 9 , 5 9 B
i t’s a n d its 6 0 C
its 6 0
fust + p r e s e n t p e r fe c t
w o r d o r d e r 94
I/y o u /h e /sh e e tc . (p e rs o n a l
p ro n o u n s)
55D
105D , 112B
how much? / how m any? 8 3 A
1 12A
know (D o you k n o w ivhcre .. . ?)
i f a n d when 9 9 C
i f I had / i f we w ent
16A
kind (kind to som ebody / kin d o f
somebody)
5 9 , 62
100
Do you k n o w i f . .. ? 4 9 C
316
13, 2 3 A , 5 1 C
-ipg a n d in f in itiv e (do/doing etc.)
just
47D
if we go / i f you see etc. 99
g ive som ething to som ebody / g i v e
c o n tin u o u s ) 3—4, 2 3 A , 2 5 , 5 1 C
w as/w ere + -ing (past c o n tin u o u s )
H o w long does it take? 48
if 9 9 - 1 0 0
1 1 4 , A p p e n d ix 6
a m /is /a r c + -ing (p re s e n t
it is a n d there is 3 7 B , 3 9 A
H o w long have you . .. ? (p re s e n t
f u tu re a fte r i f 9 9 B
etc . 7 9 D
-in g (doin g /p la yin g /g o in g etc.)
v e rb s + -ing (enjoy -ing etc.)
58 B
will
sim p le )
(I’m ) going to (do som ething)
39B
som ething to eat / nowhere to go
there h a s/h a v e been 3 8 B
25
54
54B
a d je c tiv e + in f in itiv e (it's easy to
her 59—6 0 , 62
hers 6 1 —6 2
herself 63
him 5 9 , 6 2
h im self 63
his 6 0 - 6 2
holiday (on holiday) 5 5 B , 1 1 1 A
h om e 5 5 A , 7 1 A , 1 08B
c o n tin u o u s )
5 1 -5 2
I went to the shop to buy ...
have a nice tim e / have fun etc.
T h e concert starts at 7 .3 0 . (p re s e n t
5 1 B , 5 2 —53
in f in itiv e a n d -ing (do/doing etc.)
have to 33
I ’m working tomorrow, (p re s e n t
110
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 7
got
p e rfe c t)
54B
go for a w a lk e tc . 55C
fo r a n d during 105C
from 104A, 110
front (in front of) 109A-B
full (of) 112A
further 87B
future 25-28
108
infinitive (do /se e /p la y etc.)
good a n d well 8 6 D
have g ot / has got 9 , 5 8 A
...
in a n d to
go in / f i l l in etc. (phrasal verbs)
happen (to) 113A
hard 8 6 C
has see have
hate 5 2 C —D
have 9 , 5 8
19, 104D
for a n d to
in five m inutes / in three years etc.
p u t som ething in
5 0 , A p p e n d ix 1.1
for ten m inutes / for three years etc.
in A p ril / in sum m er etc. 103
in a room / in hospital etc.
103E
goin g to ( I ’m going to do
H e said lie had (done som ething)
39A, 47D
far — further 87B
fast 86C
fed up (with) 112A
few / a few 84
finish (finish -ing) 52B
for
H o w far is it?
35
1 0 6 -1 0 7
£0 in / £0 back etc. (p h rasal verbs)
had to 3 3 B
far
etc.)
in
good at 1 12A
+ ever 90E
w o r d o r d e r 94
every 80
every b o d y /e v e r y o n e /
everything/everyw here 80C
expect 52A, 53B
su p e rla tiv e
im perative (do this / don't do that
1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6 —7
49
learn (learn to . . . ) 5 2 A
left (on the left) 1 0 9 A
lend (lend som ething to somebody)
m y/you r/h is etc. (possessive
ad jectiv es)
6 0 , 62
m yself/you rself etc . (reflex iv e
p ro n o u n s)
96
less 8 8 C
let 5 3 D
le t’s (let's g o / le t’s donee etc.) 3 5 C .
like (VVhat is it like?) 4 6 B
like (v erb )
w ould like 3 4 , 5 2 D , 5 3 A
do you like? a n d would you like?
34C
like to . . . o r like -ing 5 2 C
listen (to) 1 1 3 A
little / a little 8 4
look
verbs)
d o n ’t need to 3 1 D
climb over / knock over (phrasal
52A
verbs)
pair (a p a ir of . . . ) 6 6 B
passive 2 1 —2 2 , 23B , A p p e n d ix 1
n e g a tiv e q u e s tio n s 4 4 C
no a n d none 77
p r e s e n t sim p le (is done) a n d p a st
not + any 7 7 - 7 8
neither
s im p le (was done) 21
N e ith er am I / N e ith er do I etc.
a n d p r e s e n t p e rfe c t (has been
42B
done) 22
never
w ill/ can/ m ust (etc.) be done
5C
A p p e n d ix 1.2
17B
w o rd o rd e r 94
lot (a lo t o f . . . ) 8 3
love 5 2 C - D
next to 109A
nice (nice to somebody / nice of
m ake 5 7
no (no m oney / no friends etc.)
som ebody)
past (G o past the cinema . . . ) 11 0
past continuous (w as/w ere +
-ing)
112A
p ast s im p le (I did)
past participle (cleaned/clone/seen
7 8 -7 9
etc.)
no-one a n d none 7 7 C
15, 2 3 C
passive (the room was cleaned)
42B
112A
p ro n o u n s)
59, 62
m iddle (in the m iddle of) 107A ,
109A
m ig h t 2 9
m ind (I d o n ’t m in d -lug) 52B
m in e/y o u rs/h ers etc. (possessive
p ro n o u n s)
6 1 -6 2
m odal verbs (w ill/ca n /m ig h t etc.)
2 7 -3 4 , 5 1 A
m ore 8 7 C , 8 8
m ost
m ost ( o f 81
the m ost expensive / the most
difficult e tc . 9 0
m uch
much a n d m a n y 8 3
much bigger / m uch more expensive
88D "
not as much (as) 8 9 B
too much 9 2 C
m ust 31
m ustn’t 3 1 C
m ust a n d should 3 2 E
m ust a n d have to 3 3 D
2 1 —2 2 , 2 3 B , A p p e n d ix I
nouns (c o u n ta b le a n d
u n c o u n ta b le )
g et married 5 6 B
m ay 2 9 D
m e /y o u /h im e tc . (p e rso n a l
24A
p r e s e n t p e rfe c t (I have cleaned)
none 7 7 B - C , 8 1 B - C
nor (N o r am I / N o r do I etc.)
m arried
14
past c o n tin u o u s passive,
A p p e n d ix 1.1
n o b o d y /n o -o n e/n o th in g
m any
1 3 -1 4 , 2 3 A, 5 1 C
p ast c o n tin u o u s (I was doing) a n d
7 7 A - B , 8 IB
m a ke som ebody do som ething 5 3 D
m arried to
p r e s e n t c o n tin u o u s (is being done)
neither ( o f 82
never + p r e s e n t p e r fe c t
too m a n y 9 2 C
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6 - 7
negatives 43
never + p r e s e n t s im p le
n o t as m a n y (as) 8 9 B
114—1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6 —7
over 110
85C
look a t/fo r/a fte r 1 13B
m a n y a n d m uch 83
110
go out / p u t out etc. (phrasal
look + a d je c tiv e (look tired etc.)
m a ke a n d do 5 7
out of
63
need
need to . ..
53D
ourselves 63
out
r e g u la r (cleaned) a n d ir re g u la r
6 7 -6 8
(seen) 2 4 B , A p p e n d ix 2 - 3
nowhere 7 9
past perfect
H e said he had (done som ething)
of
50
the rooj of the building e tc . 6 4 C
th e ... o f...
past sim ple (did/cleaned/saw etc.)
73E
ofF 110
1
get o ff / turn off etc. (phrasal
verbs)
ac tiv e a n d passive A p p e n d ix 1.1
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6
offer (to do som ething) 5 2 A
often
1 1-12
n e g a tiv e (didn’t .. . )
12, 4 3 B
q u e s tio n s (did ... ?)
12, 4 4 B
w as/w ere
10
re g u la r (cleaned) and irre g u la r
often + p r e s e n t s im p le 5 C
v erb s (saw)
w o rd o rd e r 94
2 -3
1 1 B - C , A p p e n d ix
past s im p le + ago 19B
on
on M o n d a y / on 2 5 A p ril etc. 103
p a st sim p le (I did) a n d p r e s e n t
on the table / on the wall 1 0 6 —107
p e r fe c t (I have done) 2 0
past s im p le (I did) a n d past
on the left /right
109A
on holiday / on television etc.
1 11A
go on (h o lid a y / a trip etc.)
55B
get on / p u t on e tc. (p h rasal verbs)
11 4 —1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6—7
o n e/o n es 75
opposite 1 0 9 B
or 9 7 A —B
ought to 3 2 F
our 6 0 , 62
ours 6 1 —62
c o n tin u o u s (I was doing)
14
p a st s im p le passive (the room was
cleaned) 2 1 ,2 3 B , A p p e n d ix 1.1
i f + p ast sim p le ( if I had / i f we
went)
100
people 6 6 C —D
personal pronouns ( I /m e /y o n
e tc.)
5 9 , 62
persuade (persuade som ebody to .. . )
53B
phrasal verbs (get up / p u t on
etc.)
114—1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6—7
plural (cup —» cups / m an —* men
etc.)
66
A p p e n d ix 1.1
that)
r e g u la r a n d ir re g u la r v e rb s
15B,
(m y /y o u r /h is e tc .)
works etc.)
possessive pronouns
reported speech
5 -7 , 23D
H e said that .. . / H e told me that
n e g a tiv e (don’t/d o e sn ’t.) 6 , 4 3 B
.. .
q u e s tio n s (do/does .. . ?) 7, 4 4 B
(m in e /y o u rs /h is etc.)
prefer 5 2 C - D
6 1 —62
p r e s e n t sim p le + a lw a y s/u su a lly /
never e tc. 5 C
prepositions 103—113
a t'/o n /in (tim e )
you?) 4 1 A
present sim ple (I work / she
60, 62
p r e s e n t sim p le (I do) a n d p re s e n t
103
until 1 0 4 A - B
105
1 0 6 -1 0 7
108
at 1 0 3 , 1 0 6 - 1 0 8 , 11 I B
4 .5
(T h e concert starts at 7. JO .) 2 5 C
e tc. 9 8 B
109
u p /o ver/th ro u g h e tc . (m o v e m e n t)
110
H e said that .. . ( re p o r te d sp e ech )
50
prom ise (promise to . . . ) 5 2 A
pronouns
say a n d tell SOB
shall 2 7 D , 2 8 C
short form s ( I ’m
p e rs o n a l p r o n o u n s ( I /m e /y o u
etc.)
possessive p r o n o u n s (m ine/yours
about
reflex iv e p r o n o u n s (m yself1 yourself
11 I E
p r e p o s itio n s + -ing (in -ing /
10 5 D , 1 12B
a d je c tiv e + p r e p o s itio n s (afraid o f
112A
e tc.)
etc.)
6 1 -6 2
113
63
one/ones 75
re la tiv e p r o n o u n s (w ho/ w hich/
so
so am I / so do I etc. 4 2 B
110
I was tired, so I went to bed. 97
p u l on / p u t out etc. (phrasal
verbs)
she talking to?) 4 6
som e
115, A p p e n d ix 7
p r e p o s itio n s in re la tiv e clauses
(the m an she is talking to) 1 02B
present con tinu ous (a m /is/a re +
-in g ) 3 - 4 , 2 3 A , 51C
n e g a tiv e (I’m not -ing) 3
some a n d a /a n
questions 4 4 - 4 7
some, (of) 81
a m /is/a r e . .. 7 2
do/does .. . ? (p re s e n t sim p le )
7,
44B
did .. . ? (past sim p le)
p r e s e n t c o n ti n u o u s (I am doing)
W h y d o n ’t .. . ? / W h y isn ’t .. . ?
a n d p r e s e n t sim p le (I do) 8
A p p e n d ix 1.1
12, 4 4 B
(W h a t are you doing tomorrow?)
25
p r e p o s itio n a t th e e n d (W h o is
she talking to?) 4 6
16A
p r e s e n t p e r fe c t + already 16B
p r e s e n t p e r fe c t + yet
16C , 95B
H a ve you ever . .. ? 17
gone a n d been
H o w long does it take? 48
D o you k n o w where .. . ?
1 5 -2 0 , 2 3 C
p re s e n t p e r fe c t + just
17C
( e m b e d d e d q u e stio n s )
41A
q u e s tio n tags ( ... do you? / ...
isn ’t it? etc.)
41B
p r e s e n t p e r fe c t c o n tin u o u s (I have
been -ing)
18B
p r e s e n t p e r fe c t (I have done) a n d
p ast sim p le ( I did) 2 0
112A
speak (to) 1 13A
spelling A p p e n d ix 5
start (start to . . . a n d start -ing)
still 95
w o rd o r d e r 9 4
stop (stop -ing) 5 2 B
suggest (suggest -ing) 5 2 B
superlative (the biggest / the most
expensive etc.)
H o w long have you ... ? 18
p r e s e n t p e r fe c t + for/since 18—19
w o r d o r d e r 94
52C
49
rep ly q u e s tio n s (H ave you? / A re
you? etc.)
7 6 , 79
som etim es
sorry (sorry about a n d sorry jo t)
W h a t / W inch / H o w . .. ? 47
present perfect (I have done)
so m eb o d y /so m e o n e /
som eth in g/som ew h ere
som etim es + p r e s e n t sim p le 5 C
etc. 4 4 C
W h o saw you? / W ho did you see?
45
p r e s e n t c o n ti n u o u s f o r th e f u tu re
6 7 —68
som e a n d any 7 6
q u e s tio n s (arc yo u -ing?) 4
p r e s e n t c o n ti n u o u s passive 2 2 A ,
/ y o u ’ve
flowers) 6 6
put
put. som ething in ...
p r e p o s itio n s a t th e e n d (IV ho is
it's
should 3 2
sim ple past see past simple
sim ple present see present
sim ple
since 19A , 1 0 4 C
singular and plural (flower —»
that) 1 0 1 - 1 0 2
v e rb + p r e p o s itio n (listen to /
/
e tc.) A p p e n d ix 4
59, 62
by 1 0 9 C , 1 1 1 C
w ith /w ith o u t 1 1 1 D , 112B
w ithout -ing e tc.)
sam e 7 0 B , 8 9 E
say/said
p r e s e n t sim p le a fte r i f 9 9 B
u n d er/b eh in d /o p p o site etc.
w ait for e tc.)
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 7
’s ( a p o s t r o p h e ’s) 6 4 , A p p e n d ix
p r e s e n t s im p le f o r th e f u tu re
p r e s e n t s im p le a fte r w h e n /w h ile
on 1 0 3 , 1 0 6 - 1 0 7 , 10 9 A , 1 1 1A
e tc .)
turn round / show round (phrasal
v erbs)
cleaned) 2 1 ,2 3 B , A p p e n d ix 1.1
to /i n / a t (places)
5 3 B -C
right (on the right) 109A
round 110
preseuL s im p le passive (the room is
b efo re/a fter/d u rin g /w h ile
in /a t/o n (places)
50
H e told m e to .. .
c o n tin u o u s (I am doing) 8
for /since 1 9, 104
1 0 1 -1 0 2
reply questions (H ave you? / Are
2 4 , A p p e n d ix 2 - 3
police (p lu ral) 6 6 D
possessive adjectives
( p o sitio n )
relative pronouns (w h o /w h ich /
p r e s e n t p e r fe c t passive 2 2 B ,
reflexive pronouns (m yself/
yourselj etc.)
63
regular and irregular verbs 11 ,
2 4 , A p p e n d ix 2 —3
relative clauses 1 0 1 - 1 0 2
90
Index
tags ( q u e s tio n tags) 4 IB
take (H o w long does if take?) 48
talk (to) 1 1 3 A
tell/told
H e told m e that . . .
50
tell a n d say SOB
C a n yon tell m e where ... ? 4 9 A
H e told m e to . . .
5 3 B —C
tenses
to
tim e
were see was
what
104 A
places
108, 110
go to .. .
W h a t ... ? a n d W ho .. . ? 4 5 C
5 5 A , 1 08A
get to .. .
W i a t .. . like? 4 6 B
56C , 108C
W h a t .. . ? 47
to + infinitive (to go / to be etc.)
see infinitive
too 92
too a n d either 4 2 A
a c tiv e a n d p assiv e A p p e n d ix 1.1
turn (turn round / turn on etc.)
p r e s e n t c o n t i n u o u s (I am doing)
(p h rasal verbs)
3 -4 , 23A , 25, 51C
1 1 4 -1 1 5 ,
W hich ... ? a n d W hat .. . ? 4 7 C
p a s t c o n t i n u o u s (1 was doing)
1 3 -1 4 , 23A , 51C
p r e s e n t p e r f e c t (I have done)
1 5 -2 0 , 2 3 C
b e /h a v e /d o in p r e s e n t a n d past
te n s e s
W hich one/ones? 7 5 B
uncountable nouns
25C
23
than 8 8 —8 9
that 7 4
6 7 —6 8
under 1 09D , 110
until 9 8 B , 1 0 4 A -B
up 1 10
v erb s)
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6 - 7
us 5 9 , 62
used (I used to .. . ) 36
usually
p r e s e n t te n se s
p a s t te n se s
the sam e 7 0 B
1—9, 2 3 , 25
w ith /w ith o u t + -ing
15—2 0 , 23
passive 2 1 - 2 2 , A p p e n d ix 1
q u e s tio n s 4 4 - 4 6
re g u la r a n d ir re g u la r v e rb s 2 4,
p r e s e n t c o n tin u o u s q u e s tio n s 4 B
A p p e n d ix
2 -3
p r e s e n t sim p le q u e s tio n s 7B
f u tu re
the cinema / the theatre / the bank
m o d a l v erb s (w ill/ca n /sh o u ld etc.)
etc. 7 I B
2 5 -2 8
2 7 -3 4 , 51A
q u e s tio n s
the biggest / the most expensive etc.
r e p o r te d s p e e c h
their 6 0 , 6 2
theirs 6 1 , 6 2
them 5 9 , 6 2
them selves 6 3
there
p ast s im p le q u e s tio n s
( e m b e d d e d q u e stio n s)
4 4 -4 7
50
p la c e a n d tim e 93B
always /u su a lly /o fte n etc. 94
v e rb s + to ... (in fin itiv e )
5 1 -5 3
v e rb s + p r e p o s itio n (look at /
113
p h ra sa l v e rb s (get up / p u t on etc.)
1 1 4 - 1 1 5 , A p p e n d ix 6—7
there is/are 3 7
there w a s/w ere 3 8 A
there h a s/h a v e been 3 8 B
want to .. .
w ant som ebody to .. .
this 7 4
those 7 4
through 110
till ( = until) 104B
w orst 9 0 B
w ould
I ’d like / w ould you like? 3 4
H e w ould buy a car i f he had the
money. 100
w rite (to) 1 1 3 A
there w ill be 3 8 C
113A
a f te r g iv e /le n d /se n d etc. 96
w orse 8 7 D
w ould like/lo ve etc. 5 2 D
w ait (for) 5 4 C , 1 1 3 A
want
there is a n d it is 3 7 B
these 7 4
think (th in k about / th in k of)
49
v erb + o b je c t 9 3 A
v e rb s + -ing 5 1 —52
speak to etc.)
12D
passive 2 1 —2 2
D o you kn o w where ... ?
n e g a tiv e s 4 3
the in n a m e s o f p laces 73
90
112 B
w o n ’t ( = w ill not) 2 7 A
word order
10—14, 2 0 , 23
the su n / the s k y etc. 7 0 C
flow ers / the flo w ers 7 2
w o n 't 2 7 A
there will be 3 8 C
p r e s e n t p e r fe c t
69
101
w hose (W hose is this?) 6 I D
w ill 2 7 - 2 8
w ith /w ith o u t 1 11D
that a n d this 7 4
101
a person who .. . (relative clauses)
w ill a n d shall 2 7 D , 2 8 C
5C
w o r d o r d e r 94
a thing that . . . (relativ e clauses)
the 6 9 —7 3
101
w hile 9 8 , 105
w ho
W h o ... ? 45
get up / pick up etc. (phrasal
verbs
50C
the a n d a /a n
a thing which . .. (relative clauses)
(salt/w ater/m usic e tc.)
usually + p r e s e n t s im p le
H e said that . . . (re p o r te d sp e ech )
w hen a n d i f 9 9 C
w hether 4 9 C
which
W hich .. . ? 47
A p p e n d ix 7
p r e s e n t s im p le (I do) 5—7, 23D ,
p a s t s im p le (I did) 1 1 - 1 2 , 14, 2 0 ,
23D
W h a t .. . ? a n d W hich .. . ? 4 7 C
w hen 9 8
52A
53A
w as/w ere 10
yet 9 5 B
w as/w ere + -ing (past c o n tin u o u s )
13, 23A , 5 1 C
w as/w ere done (passive)
there w as/w ere 3 8 A
i f I w as/w ere ...
100B
21, 23B
yet + p r e s e n t p e rfe c t
16C
you 59, 6 2
your 6 0 , 6 2
yours 6 1 —62
yourself/yourselves 63
well 8 6 D
3 19