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Education
MyFutureCareer.
ThePriceofFame
FriendshipandFrier.rds
Fashion
Shopping.
AttheDoctor's.
HealthyLifestyleandHealthyEating
EatingOut...
E n t e r t a i n m e n t a nLde i s u r e A c t i v i t i e s
GlobalProblemsoftheWorld
S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n o l o gPi cr a
o lg r e s s .
MassMedia in the Modern World.
FamilyRelations.
TravelandTourisrn....
S t a y i n g i n aH o t e l
Advertising
Books
Art: Paintingsand Painters.
Environmentallssues
ExtremeSports
The Role of Young Peoplein Modern Society
LivinginaBigCity..
CrimeandPunishment.
. . . . 27
......27
.....34
.....43
.......46
........49
......53
.......56
.... ...61
...64
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.......74
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Name:
Grade:
My achievements
Ne
TOPIC
I
Education
2
Mv FutureCareer
3 The Priceof Fame
4
Friendshipand Friends
f
Fashion
6
Shopping
7
At the Doctor's
8
HealthyLifestyle
and HealthyEating
9
EatingOut
r0
Entertainment
and LeisureActivities
11
Global Problems
of the World
tz
Scientific and Technoloeical
Prosress
13
Mass Media
in the Modern World
t 4 Family relations
l 5 Travel and Tourism
l 6 Stayingin a Hotel
l 7 Advertising
1 8 Books
19
Art:
Paintings
and Painters
20 EnvironmentalIssues
2l
Extreme Sports
22
The Role of Young Peoplein
Modern Societv
23 Living in a Big City
24 Crime and Punishment
Speaking Writing
Writing
VocabuTeacher's
(Student (personal (composiNotes
lary check
signature
letter)
card)
tion)
{0
PEKOM ETUIAU'I I4 TIO HATII{ CAHI,Irc fI I4Cb MA JII4q H OTO XAPAKTEPA
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Harrp]rrviep:
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SaintPetersburg
Russia
LI]ILI
St. Petersburg
Russia
- fIoA a,(pecoM,npoilycrr{B crpoKv, Heo6xonuN{oHanHcarbnary rr{cbMa:
June7th,2015
7 June2015
IrJrr{MeHeeo$lruualrno:
07/06/rs
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BbI III{II-| HTe HaCTO.StUeMy
Dear Tim,
Dear Rebecca.
flocre o6pauteu nq o6q:are,'rrFrocrasurcq :an.flra-q!
- Pa3Ae,'Ifire
reKcr cBoefo rrl{cbMaHa HecKor'tbKo
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c <pacuoii crpoKr{.
l. B repeor\aa6:aue saNrcreayer no6,raronapr{rscsoero,rpyra:a ero nuclN{o:
Thanks (a lot) for your (last) letter.
I was glad to get your letter.
It was great to hear from you! / It was great to hear that... / I was happyto hear...
Bbt Nroxere rarcKelr:gllHI4rLcq ra ro. qro He rll{cturrlpilHbrrre:
Sorry I haven'twritten for so long but... / Sorry, I haven'tbeenin touch for so long.
I'm sorry I haven't answeredearlier but I was really busywith my school.
14/vnu yroM.sHlrb raxoit-;ru6o Saxr u3 roryqeHHoro rucL,Nla:
I'm gladyou passedyour History test!
Soundslike you had a great time in London!
Greatnewsaboutyour...!
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irorntluttfi nepexo.rl
K BorrpocaMnpo cnopr 6y.rercneryrcrurrM:Great. you've taken
up a new sportlWhatkind of sportis it?...
3. B noc:rerHeMa6:aue creayer o6bqcHurs.no.leN{ygrt :araH.{lreaerenlrcrr4o:
Sorry, I haveto do my homework.
I haveto go now becausemy Mum askedme to help her with the washingup.
I've got to go now! It's time for my favoriteTV show.
14ynovqHlrr o lanuueriurrr xoHraxrax:
Write back soon.
Take care and keepin touch.
Drop me a letter when you can.
Hope to hear from you soon.
I can't wait to hear from vou!
- B roHue ru{ct'Ma Ha orAeJ'rbHoft
3aBeprilarcuranSpa:a-Krrulre. lloc,re Hed
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Ro3r.{o)kHbrx
BaplraHroB:
1) All the best,
2) Best wishes,
3) Yours.
- Ha c,re41rouefrcrpoKe troA 3aBepuauueft Spa:olr yKa3brBaerctrtrue. aBropa (6e: @arraramtut).
Hanpurrep:
Andrew vtmKate
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pen-friend.
English-speaking
This is a part of a letterfrom Sheryl,-voLrr
...My friend and I are planning to stort a new hobby but we haven't decidedyet what hobby to
choose.Do you haveony hobbies?Do youfeel you haveenoughtimefor hobbies?Wut hobbiesare popular
with teenagersin your country?Are there any hobbiesyou'd like to take up?
Asfor my schoolexams,they sre almost over und I'm lookingforward to my summer break...
Writebackto Sheryl.
In yourletter
o
answerherquestions
.
ask3 questions
abouther plansfor the summer
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
St.Petersburg
Russia
8/06/20rs
Dear Sheryl,
Thankyoufor the letter.Sorry I haven'tbeenin touchfor so long.
Youask me abouthobbiesthat arepopular with Russianteens.Many teens
are interestedin music and playing computergameswhile othersare into doing
sports.Asfor me, m))hobbyis cooking.I collecttraditional Russianrecipesand
cook thesedishes. I feel I don't have enoughtimefor my hobbyos I've got too
much homework.If I had morefree time,I'd take upphotography.
Anyway, it's great that schoolis nearly over. Wat are you going to do in
summer?Are you going to spendtime with your parents?Wouldyou like to visit
othercountries?
Sorry, I've got to get readyfor my piano class.Write back soon.
All the best,
Alina
137 words
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SaintPetersburg
AApec
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BepxHeN,r
)Tny
Russia
Date
flol aapecoMAara
9thSeptember2015
Greeting
C Hosoit crpoKr{
DearJohn,
O6paureHrae
nI{cbMo Har{HHaeTcq
DearMary,
nara
c o6paurennq,
nocre
KOTOpOTOCTaBqT
3arrflTyro
Introduction
Ha.Iano [ucbMa
Ccu,rxa Ha rrpeAbrr;ruIue Thankyoufor your last letter. It wasgreat/ovelyto
rne aBTOp:
KOHTaKTbI,
hearfrom you.
6larolaplrr aApecara
I'm sorr_v
that I haven'twrittento you...
paHee
3a lron)^{eHHoe
IIIICbMO ; LI3BUHqeTCq,
qTo He lll,lci]'ir paHbil]e
I haven't
Greatto hearfromyou again....Sorry,
writtento you solong.
It's beenagessinceI heardfromyou.
Thanksso much for your longletter.Sorryfor not
replyingto yousoonerbut I've beenverybusy.
Sorryfor not replyingearlier.
Main Body
B neli no,rxurr 6rrrr
In yourletteryouaskedmeabout.
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I waspleased
to hearthat ....
I wasgladto hearthatyou ...
nt{cbMa
Conclusion
Koueu rrr{cbN{a
Asrop yfloN{r.{Haer
o
Pleasewrite to me soon, and tell me all your news.
lalr,Herlufl.rxKoHTaKTax If you want to know any'thingelse,just drop me a
line.
That's all my newsfor now...Writeback soon.
Pleasegive my regardsto your...And write and tell
m e a l l y o u rp l a n sf o r . . .
I would reallylike to seeyou. Why don't you come
and visit me. Do write back soon.
Ending
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or creneHr.{6,uu:ocru
aBTOpat{ anpecaTa,
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Bestwishes,
All thebest,
Yours,
CTABI,{TCq 3AIlflTAfl,
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"I think". "I believe".
'
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Moreover. Despite...).
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6a.r,ra.CoqttHeHtreoMod nnesue ,>cocrorrr H:5 a6saqes:
make an introduction (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
explainwhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make(draw)a conclusionrestatingyour position
l) Make an introduction
yKa3aB. qro
Bo BcryrlneHr.rprueo6xonuuo rr€irKo coopiuyxhpoBarb reN,{y-npo6J'reN,ry,
roqKu 3peHrl{ ua npo6,relry (Some peopleclaim that mobile
cyuecrBylor nBe nporrlBononorKHbre
phonesare very usefuldeviceswhileothersarguethat life could be lessstressfirlwithout them.)
Bcryn:renne HE.[o,rxHo c,rosos c,qosonoeropqrb :alaHu]4o relr]t co.ruHeHl.rq.
no3ToMyHeo6xonuuo
nepe$pasupoBarbnaHHyroBaM TeMy coquHeHu.rr. Pexoueurtyerc.snepBoe npeAno)KeHuec.rlenarb
Hanpuuep: Thereis no denyingthe fact that mobile phoneshavebecomean inseparable
o6o6ularoruunr.
part of our lives.
2) Expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
ro.rtbKoOIHOff TorlKIt3peHIIq,Hailpltl\tep:Mobile
Bo nropotl a6:aue Bbt,qo-rt;KHbl
nplr.uep)KuBarL'cs
phones,in my opirriorr,are very usefuldevices.I4II4I considerthe mobile phone to be a harmful and
useless
invention.
Heo6xoAnuo npr{Becrn2-3 apryrvreHTa,
rro.rlTBepxna}ouuxBaruyroqK_vipeHrir, no.4Kpennq"fl
r{x [pLIMepaMrrLrJrvAoKa3arenbcrBaMu.He :a6srsaiire ncnortt,3oBarbc.rroBa-cB.x3Krr
I4 BBoAHbIe
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a raroKe drpa:tr, Bbrpaxarcrulre
MHeHr{e.
co6ctseFrFroe
3) Expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion.
nponlBono,[o)KHbre
B rperr,ev a6raue ueo6xoauno [pr4Becrr.{
saueii TorrKH3peHuq(1-2) c
Ilpunep: However,some peoplethink that mobiie phones not only keep you in touch
apr-!r\,{eHraMu.
with your relativesand friends but also provide vou with a great number of tacilities.flo*rHure, uro
a6sau HE Moxer cocroqrr !r: 1 npennoxeun.q.flo-rrxHo 6lrrr 2-3 flpe.[Jro)keHr.{fl.
U
4) Explain why you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
B 4 a6:aue BbrAo,I)KHL,Io6l-acullrr, nor{eMy su HE corJ'racHbrc MHeHr{eMvrltyrv'HelutTl.M}.r
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MHeHr,rlo
2-ir a6:au r.rno-lrxHbr6rrru,rornqHo cBq3aHbr
c 3-v
Apyrrrx,'IIoAeliHE ao,rxHrr noBTop.Brb
a6:auenr.
PeroueuayeMoeHaqtu'ro4 a6:aua:
I cannot agreewith the statement/statements
abovebecause...
do
not
support
the
idea/ideas
I
above
as...
5) Make (draw) a conclusionrestatingyour position
B saKnloqeuuuHeo6xoauMocnenarb BbrBon.o6partrnurncl,K 3anaHuorln l-rnr uaparpa@erelre.
Vxaxure, qro cyrtlecrelror 2 Tor{Kri3peHrrqua npo6;relry, a rakl,r{enonrBeprtrre co6crseuFryrororrKy
3peHH_fl.
Hanpuvep: <All in all, there are differentpoints of view on this problem. I thinkthat...> u,ru <,Taking
ever)'thinginto consideration,there are trvo differentpoints of view on this problem.I believethat...>
Korla BbI3aKoHqHTe
rrncarbcoquHeHr{e,
o6cgaremno npoBepbrecnoropaOoryno clreAJnouefr
cxeue:
o O6ldu Moefo coqr.rHeHilq
lv{eHblre
180
ne
He
u
6o;ruue 275 c:tos.
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.
Bo Bcr,vrrneHI4LI
K rv{oeMy
coqLIHeHI.Irc
ua npo6:reuy).
r
Bo BToponI a6:aue Mo.s roqKa 3peHnq fl,cHa Lr onpe,r.e.reiHua;
ilcnoJ'rb3oBaHo
aocraroqHoe
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,tornqecrol:i cBs3u.
.
B rperbeu abgaue.rejxo c$opu.v-:rlrpoBaHa
npourBonoro)KHaflTor{Ka3peHuqrr [oAKperLTeHa
aprl/a4eHTar\4u.
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nOCTaB,IeHHy]O BO BCT]rIi;]9HUH.
.
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12
C
NEMOHCTPAIII4OHHbII4 BAPI4AHTCOTII4HEHVIfl,<MOEMHEHtrIE>
Parentsmust be strict with their little children.
What is your opinion?Do you agreewith the statement?
There is no denying the fact that all porentsfeel responsibilityfor their
children. Somepeople think that strict rules are the only way to teach a child
how to bepolite,patient and kind. Otherscloim that kids shouldn'tbe broughtup
under totalparents'control.
PersonallyI believethat it is betterto avoid beingstrict wilh little children.
Firstly, almost all children try to disobeyparents' rules ond everypunishment
only makes them angry, and doesnot improvetheir personalities.Secondly,I
think that parents' behaviouris the bestexamplefor their children and it cannot
be comparedwith any rule sinceeverykid wantsto havemuch in commonwith
his/her motherandfather.
However,somepeopleclaim thot beingraisedin a strictfamily lets a child
hovebetterfutureopportunities.Theyare surethat strictfamily rulesmoy help to
improvea child'spersonalityin o proper wq).
I cannotogreewith the aboveopinionas thesepeoplefail to understandthat
totql controland strict rulesonly lead to mistrustond misunderstanding
between
parentsand children.At this rate kids cannotfeel free to showtheir talentsond
desireswhich meansthat their personalitiescannotbe developed
properly.
Thking everythinginto consideration,there are two opposingpoints of view
on theproblemof strict attitudetowordslinle children.As I seeit, parentsshould
not be strict and rude with their kids, theyhaveto be tenderand sympathetic.
246 words
l-1
AEM OH CTPAUlr OH Hbr Iz BApI'IAHT COqr{ H EIJ'utfl," M OE M H EHtI E"
Beinggivenpocket ntoneyteachesreenogersto be resportsible.
What is -vouropinion?Do you agreewith the statement?
The problem oJ'gettingpocket money has alwaysbeen very importantfor
youngsters.Some people think that teenagersbecomemore responsibleond
sensiblegettingpocketmonq). Othersclairn that youngpeoplecannot deal with
moneyand believethey wasteit on uselessthings.
In my opinion, gettingpocket moneyis important. It helpsteenagersto learn
how to plan their budget.Thereare a lot of thingstheywant to spendtheir monq)
getinformotionabout
on, but the amountof moneyis limited.Moreoyer,teenagers
the costof living. It helpsthem to realize whatjob to choosein thefuture to eorn
enoughmoneyfor everythingthey want to get.
On the otherhand, manypeoplesoythot teenagers
wastepocketmoney.They
cloim that youngstersspendhours in shoppingmalls buying numeroususeless
things.Moreover,somepeoplearguethat teenagers
haveno idea of how dfficutt
monq) is eorned.
I do not supportthe abovestatements.
Firstly,teenagers
don't wastemoneyon
clothesbecouselookingsmart andfashionableis very importonttoday.Besides,
theypayfor mobilephonesand the Internet.Secondly,maq) teenagers
know that
earningmonq) is not easybecausethey havepart-timejobs and reolizethat it is
essentialto makegoodmoney,to be hardworking,reliableand intelligent.
All thingsconsidered,thereare two opposingpointsof viewon theproblemof
gettingpocket money.I believethot parentsshouldgive teenagers
pocket money
becausesensiblespendingof it teachesyoungpeopleo lot.
25l words
l4
c
HEOEXOAT4MAfln'Ilfl HAITI4CAHI4flCOqrrHEHI4.fl <MOE MHEHr{E>
JIEKCTTKA"
I a6rau
BeorHlre 0parbr
.
I t i s p o p u l a r l yb e l i e v e dt h a t . . .
.
It is often suggested
ribelievedthat..
.
Peopleoften claim that
.
Sontepeoplearguethat...
o A l o t o f p e o p l et h i n k t h a t . . .
.
Many peopleare in favorof idea
.
Somepeopleare convincedthat...
2 a6zat
(Dpa:rr. sblpilKalorltrlecBO
o In my opinion...
o I think that...
o I (strongly)believethat...
o In my view...
o To my mind...
r
To my way of thinking...
(Dpasrr.xaparrepr.r:yro ulle npeu Nryurecreao6cy)Knaeuorirpo6,'reNrn:
.
As alreadystatedI'm in favourof... for a number of reasons...
.
There are many thingsto be said in favourof...
.
T h e b e s t /t h i n ga b o u t . .i .s . . .
.Qpa:lr. nepe'rucxqn
.
F i r s t l y ,/ F i r s t o f a l l . . .
.
In the first place
o To startwith, / To beginwith,
r
Secondly,Thirdly, Finally.
e Last but not least.
@pa:rr,gobaBnrlau.ugH
le apr)'\{eHrbr:
o Furthermore./Moreover, AVhat is more,
o In addition to this/that...
o B e s i d e s/ ., . . a l s o . . .
.
Apaft fi'om this /that...
.
. . . . . . . I . r toot m e n t i o nt h e f a c t t h a t
3 a6rau
@pa:sr. lLrr grrpaxeHuq nporneono-loxuo r:iro.{ xil 3peHr{rr
.
However.somepeoplebelieve/ claim that...
.
O n t h e o t h e rh a n d ,s o m ep e o p i ea r g u et h a t . . .
.
It hasbecomefashionablcfor somepeopleto argr-re
that..,
4 a6sau
Apacllj;r,q BllpaxgElllr- u eco r-racrrq c n por u eon o,roxH o l:tto.{ xo li :p eHIIq
r
) st h e s ep e o p l e f a i l t o u n d e r s t a n dt h a t .
I c a n n o ta g r e ew i t h t h e a b o v eo p i n i o n ( s )/ i d e a ( s a
.
w i t h t h i s p o i n t o f v i e w ( s t a t e m e n to. p i n i o n )b e c a u s e
t h e s ep e o p l ef o r g e tt h a t . . .
I disagree
o A s o p p o s e dt o t h e a b o v ei d e a s .I b e l i e v et h a t . . .
o C o n t r a r l ' t ou ' h a tm o s t p e o p l eb e l i e v e .I t h i n k t h a t . . .
r
I do not full)'suppolt the aboveideasbecar-rse...
5 a6ran
3ar.tpqure,nsHure
0paru
.
In conclusiolt.
r
On the wliole.
.
To concludc.
.
To sumup,
.
All in all.
r
A l l t h i n g sc o n s i d e
red.
.
Finally.
o Lastl)',
o Taking ever}-tllinginto account,
.
Taking everythinginto cortsideratiott
t5
BbrpaxeHrre.rn.rHe{a\rHQHlJq.
I n m y o p i n i o n .t h i s s u b j e c it s v e r y
controversial.
.
In m)'view...
. T o m - vm i n d . . .
. T o n r ) ' w a yo f t h i n k i n g . . .
. P e r s o n a l l Iy b e l i e v et h a t . . .
. l t s t r i k e sm e t h a t . . .
. I f - e esl t r o n g l it h a t . . .
. I t : e e n r st o m e t h a t .
. As lar as I am concerned...
r
fl 3ananufl40 <MO E MHEHI4E>
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Imaginethat you are preparinga projectwith your friend.You havefoundsomeinteresting
materialfor the presentation
andyouwantto readthis text to yourfriend.Youhave1.5 minutesto
readthe text silently,thenbe readyto readit out aloud.Youwill not havemorethan 1.5minutesto
readit.
...You don't see many birds in winter. Most have left your area.Those that stay are not as
active.Activit-vusesenergythat is neededto keepwarm. The worst problemsfor birds in winter are
gettirlgenoughheatand holdingon to the heatorrceit is made.Theseare problernsfor all birds.
But it is especiallytrue for rerv small ones.The1,'cannolfind enoLrghfood. The weatherstaysso
cold for so long that thel'cAnnot eat enoughto keepalive. But birds havemany waysof fighting
tlie cold.
You shiverto keepwarm.The heirtthat r oLrmakeis mademostlvin your muscles.
Tlie muscles
aborrt,useyour
make nrore heat wherrthcl'arc iicti\e. So one rval'of keepingr,varmis to r.rlove
bodl' needsheat.the nrusclestightenand loosen
Anotlrerway rs to shiver.Whcn 1'oLrr
i nruscles.
I luicklv. They becomeactive. Justas1'oushirerto keep\\':rrnt.so do birds.
i
I
20
c
2 (42',,
3AnAHr4E
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a Bcero :a :a,rasne - 5
6a,'L'Ioe.
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Bac Borlpocao 3aBTpaKe.
flpannlsnufi aonpoc r.oJtx(eH
38) rarb c,le,ryrcruuN,r
o6pa:ou: Is breakfast
included?Ecru sst cKaxere I'd like to know if breakfastis included,ro He rro-rry.{ure
6aru. raK KaKBbl
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qro
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florr Hure,
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nperflo-iraraer
BonpocWhere...?,croso time
Bonpoc When...?, c,roso durationnpennonaraerBonpocHow long...?, c-irosocost/pricenpetnonaraer
Bonpoc How much...I c,,roeoavailability ilperfno-iraraerBofrpocIs/Are there...?
.
fIoNIHI{Te,qro B 3anaHttltHeo6xo,ftir\{o
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.
He:a6sreaiire o roM, qro onr4HH Tor xe BonpocN{o)KHo
3artarbpa3Hbr\,rH
cnoco6anru.
price
How much doesthe ticket cost?What is tl-re
of the ticket?How much is the ticket?
.
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3a 20 ceKyHA,KoropbreorBorqrcq ua xaxrfnli Bonpoc. Bbr BrrorHe3To ycneere. 3acqnrau 6y,rer
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GreatlandscaDe
txcellentservrcr
You are consideringstayinga night at the hotel and you'd like to
get more information. In 1.5 minutesyou are to ask five direct
questionsto find out the following:
1) spccialoffers
2) localsights
3) numberof availablerooms
,1)list of servicesthey'provide
5) if they havea website
You have20 secondsto askeachouestion.
2l
IIPIIMEP BbIIIOJIHEHI,Iq 3AnAHI,Ifl 2 (BAPI'IAHTbI BOIIPOCOB)
o
l) Do you haveany specialoffers?
2) Are there any local sightsnearby?
3) How many rooms are available?
4) What servicesdo you provide?
5) Do you havea website?
o
3AIAHI{E 3 (43)
B :anaHun 3 npe&uaraercreu6parb orHy u: rpdx $ororpaQlrr"rll orucarb ee!ua ocsone [rraHa.
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ueo6xorl.ruoonucarb rorbKo OAHy Kaprr4HKy.
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rrpnc}TcrBoBarbBcryrr}rrerbr{aq(I havechosenphoto number
I and I want to tell you about it) H 3aK,rrrcr{Hre-r-rbHas
$pa:u (That is all I wanted to say about
this photo)
Crpoiire BbIcKa3bIBaHHe
crpofo rto npe[rro)KeHHoN,ry
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Imagine that while travellingduring your holidaysyou took somephotos.Chooseone photo to present
to your friend. You will haveto start speakingin 1.5 minutesandwill speakfor not more than 2 minutes.
In your talk rememberto speakabout:
-
when you took the photo;
whal/who is in the photo;
what is happening:
why you took the photo;
why you decidedto showthe pictureto your friend
You haveto talk continuouslyostarting with: I've chosenphoto number...
22
fIPI4MEP BbITIOJIHEHVIfl3MAHI{fl 3
C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
BcryueHue: I havechosenphoto numberl and I want to saya few words about it.
I took this photo when I went to Scotlandwith my friends.It was last summer in July. We were
hiking then.
The people in this photo are my close friends. In the background,you can see a beautiful lake
which is situatedon the top of the mountain. The color of the lake is reallyamazing.I couldn't
believethat soniethinglike that realll,erists.
As you can see, my friends are sitting on the ground enjoying the breathtakingview of the
mountain lake.My friendsare wearingcasualsunlmerclothesasthe weatheris nice and warm.
I took this photo becauserny friends askedme to take a picture of them. They like having photos
from all our journeys.In addition,that view wasone of the best during our trip and I wantedto
keep a memory of it.
I decidedto showthis picture to you becauseI wantedto sharethat wonderfulmomentwith you, as
you hadn't seenthis lake before.What's more. photographyis my hobby as you know and I'm
very proud of this picture.
3ar,rp.reHlae:That is all I wantedto tell you about this photo, I hopeyou liked it.
YHI4BEPCAJIbHbIEOPA3bI NJIA 4I{ 5 IIYHKTOB 3ANAHTIfl 3
4. I took this photo becausemy (father/mother/sister/brother/relatives...)
askedme to do it. What
is more, that wasthe (best/brightest/funniest...
day) of m-vholidaysso I wantedto keepa memory
of it.
5. I decidedto show you the picture becauseyou wantedto know more about my (father/mother/
sister/brother/family...).Moreover,photographyis my hobby as you know and I'm very proud
of this picture.
3ax-rto.{eur.re:
That is all I wantedto tell vou about this photo. I hone vou liked it.
4 (44)
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Studythetwophotographs.
In 1.5minutesbereadyto compareandcontrastthephotographs:
givea brief descriptiori
of the photos(action.location)
saywhat the prctureshavein common
sayin what way the picturesare different
saywhiclr of the concertspresented
in the picturesyou'd prefer
explainwh1'
lbu will speakfor not more than 2 minutes.You haveto talk continuously.
IIPI{MEP BbITIOJIHEHI4,I 3ANAHUfl 4
Bcryn,'reur.re:
I havebeenofferedtwo picturesto compareand contrast.They are unitedby the topic
"Music".
In picturenumberonewe can seea band playing.Perhaps,thel'are playinglazzmusic in a club or
a concerthall. In the secondonewe can seea kid playingthe piano. He mightbe havinga musical
examin the school.
) These two pictures have a lot in common. To begin with, both pictures were taken during some
musical event. Furthermore,in both picturespeopleare playing musical instrumentson stage.
The musicianslook focused.The atmosphere
in both photosis positiveand relaxing.
_). However,there is a differencebetweenthese two pictures as well. [n the left picture, we see the
audience,in the right one - onl-vthe musician.Besides,the first one showsus someprofessional
musicians,whereas
the boy lookslike a studentin a musicalschool.
.I
I wouldpreferthe concertpresentedin picturenumber2 (for a nunrberof reasons)
To beginwith, I usedto be a studentin the musicalschooland I remenrberhow hard it wasto play
alone on stage.Each eram and eachconcertwasa big stressfor me and my parents.Moreover, I
loveplayingthe piano and goingto suchtvpe of concerts.This type of musicis my favoriteone.
It lielpsme to relaxand get a lot of pleasure.Last but not least,classicalmrrsicbroadensmy mind
and is greatfor personaldeveloprneut
That's all I wantedto tell you aboutthesetwo pictures(photos)
3aKrrloqeFlre.
I .
l4
.,
BbIPA)KEHVIfl,NJIfl TIOCTPOEHTIfl OTBETA K 3MAHI4 flM 3 144
Describing the picture
. The pictureshows/ depicts...In this picturethe actionis takingplacein. (a house;a living
room; a gymi a swimmingpool, a themepark etc.).
.
we can see...
In this pictr,rre
. T h e r ei s . . .i n t h e p i c t u r e .
.
I n t h e b a c k g r o u n d o f t h i s p i c t u r e t h e rl a
e ri se : l c a n s e e / m a k e o u t ( s o m e p i e c e s o f f u r n i t u r e ;
sportsequipment;somepeopledoingshoppingetc.).
.
etc.).
In the foregroundI can see(somechildren:a family.a shopassistant
. The peoplein the pictureare...Lookingat thesepeopleI getthe impressionthat they are
(havingdinner;watchinga film; havinga break;doir,gtl-reirhomeworketc.)
o W h a t t h e p e o p l el o o k l i k e .( A g e / h e i g h t / b u i l d / h a i r / e y e s / n o s e / m o u t h / s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s /
generalimpression)
o What the peopleare wearing.(Casually/ formally-dressed;
the descriptionof piecesof clothes
. The peoplein the picture look... bored / annoyed/ upset/ sad/ miserable/ lonely / unhappy
/ depressed/ confused/ furious / angry/ relaxed/ concentrated/ worried /happy / tired /
interested
/puzzled/confident/interested/excited/calm/pleased/thrilled / relieved/
amazedbecause...
. The peoplein the picture seemsadbecause...
. The generalatmospherein the picture is positivebecause...
. The picture wastakenin...
. The weatherin the picture is... Describethe season/ weather.I think / suppose/ guessit's
summerspring/ winter / autumn since.. .
. Talk about the atmosphere.The atmospherein the picture is (friendly,peaceful,relaxing,
tense,busy,warm, cozy,happy etc.).
Comparing and contrasting
.
Both photos show...
.
In both picturesthe peopleare...
.
One similarity is that...
o What both thesepictureshavein common is...
.
.
o
.
o
.
o
However,there are alsosomedifferencesbetweenthe pictures.
The pictureon the left is more...than the otherone.
The situationshown in picture I is more ... than the situationin picture 2.
The peoplein the first pictureare less...than the peoplein the otherone.
This man looks...while the otherone is rather...
The main differenceis (that)...
Another important differenceis that...
25
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26
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Read the text, learn the vocabuluryand disczss
EDUCATION
Educationis the mostpowerfulweapon
which you con useto changethe world.
Nelson Mandela
Educationplaysa predominantrole in this modern world. Everypersonin his/her life dealswith
education.It is one of the most valuablepossessions
a man can get in his/her life.
Some people think that the purpose of education is to teach a student how to live his life by
developinghis mind and equippinghim to dealwith reality.He hasto be taughtto think. to understand.
to prove. He has to be taught the essentialsof the knowledgediscoveredin the past and he has to be
be
equippedto acquireother knowledgeon his own. Otlier peoplesaythat the aim of educationshor"rld
to teachpeoplerather how to think, than what to think; ratherto improvepeople'sminds, than to load
one's memorlrwith the thoughtsof other men.
During all the periodsof human history educationrankedhigh among people. Human progress
mostly dependedupon well-educatedpeople. We get our knowledgeof this world and life through
would havebeenimpossibleif peoplewerenot interestedin learning
education.Many famousdiscoveries
something.Self-educationis very important for the developmentof human'stalents.Only through self.
educationa personcan becomea
Education developsall sidesof human personality,revealshis/her abilities.Besides,it helps a
personto understandhimself,to choosethe right way in this world. Whatevercareeryou choose,getting
an appropriateeducationis the only way to becomesuccessful.
Educational systemsvary in different countries but the general structure is about the same
everywhere. Before going to primary school some kids attend kindergartens where they learn to
communicate,to play and where they are taught pre-writing and pre-readingskills, as well as basic
arithmetic and drawing.
Our educationusuallybeginswith primary or elementaryschoolat the age of 6 or 7.ln most
countries, it is con-rpulsoryfor children to receiveprimary and secondaryeducation. Primary and
secondaryschoolstogethercomprise ll yearsof study.The boundary betweenprimary and secondary
educationvariesfrom country to country. In Russiachildrengo to secondaryschoolat the ageof l0- I l.
Dependingon the system,schoolsfor this period or a part of it may be calledgymnasia,lyceums,middle
schoolsor colleges.The purposeof secondaryeducationcan be to give common knowledgein many
differentschoolsubjects,to preparefor either highereducationor vocationaltraining. To go to a higher
educationalinstitution, all applicantsare requiredto passthe Stateexam on the subiectsthey choose,
and then submitthe resultsto the appropriateinstitutionwherethey will be consideredfor the enrolmenl.
or post-secondary education is the third stage. It is the non-compulsory
tlighqeilueatiq
educationallevel following the completionof a secondaryeducation.Collegesand universitiesare the
main institutionsthat providehighereducation.
27
<l>
STUDENTCARD
Givea 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Educotiort".
Rememberto talk about:
.
o
o
o
The role of educationin our life
The stagesofthe educationalsystemin Russia
The place you study
Whether you have any favorite subjectsand why
Answerthe question'Do you think it is essentialto havehighereducationnowadays?V/hV/ why not?
VOCABULARYEXERCISES
I. Put each of thefollowing wordsin its correct spacein the sentencesbelow
approach
dean
l.
2.
3.
+.
_5.
().
l.
tolerance
boardingschool
dayschool
issues
skills
motivation
headmaster
Readingandwritingaretwo of the
which areconsideredto be the most important
to life.
Associationmeets monthlv to discr-rss
The Parent-Teacher
concerningthe
school.
A complexsubjectis besttaughtusinga simple
Miss Dean hasso much
that shecan handleeventhe most dimcult students.
Teachinga subjectin a lively,interestingway increasesa student's
to learn.
The
of the ans facultvusedto be the
of a primaryschool.
When I went to the
I onlv sawnlv parentsduring the holidavs.but now that
I go to the
I seethem evervnisht.
2. Exploin the dffirence
a. To take an exam and to passan exan-l
b. Compulsorvand voluntary
c. To educateand to brine uo
3. Put each ofthefollowingwords or phrasesin its correct spacein the passagebelow
state primary
privateseminar
degree
secondary academic co-educational
lecture
tutorial
fees
terms
graduate
breakup
compulsory
grant
nurseryschool
go to ir___,
Whenchildrenaretwo or three1'cars
old. thel sometinres
wherethey learn
games
simple
zrndsongs.Their first realschoolis called
school.In Britainchildrenstarl
tlieir schoolat the ageof five.The
and is divided
1'earin Britainbeginsin Septernber
into three
Schools
for the sllnrmerholicla-v
irr JLrlr,.
educationbeginsat the age of about eleverr.and most schoolsat this levelare
which meansboysand girls str-rd1
togc'therin the sanreclasses.In Britaineducationrs
from 5 to l6.vearsof age.but rlartl'childrerrchooseto remairrat schoolfclranothcrtwo or threevears
a i t e r l 6 l o t a k eh i g h e rc \ u m s . \ l o s t c h i l d r e ng o t o
s c h o o l sw
, h i c ha r e l r a i n t a i n e db v
28
schoolswhich
the governnlentor local educationauthorities.br-rtsomechildrenattend
can be very expensive.Universitl,coursesnormally lastthreeyearsand then students
(an
. At university,teachingis by
which meansthey receivetheir
(a classof students
individuallessonbetweena teacherand one or two students).
(when a teachergivesa preparedtalk to a number of
discussinga subjectwith a teacher),
placeare giverra
students)and of courseprivatestudy.Most peoplewho receivea universit-v
and livirrgexpenses.
by the governmentto pay their
4. Look at the list of qualities below. Wich, in your opinion, are the most important onesneededto be a good
teacher?
A good teachershould:
. speakclearly
. establisha friendly relationshipwith students
. have a lot of confidencein front of a large group
o understandstudent'sindividualneeds
. encouragestudentsto be creative
. keeptight controlofa groupofstudents
o give studentsa lot of praiseand support
r attendrefreshercoursesregularly
. spendtime preparinglessonstl-roroughly
. punish studentswho do not work hard enough
Make sentencesusingphrasesexpressingpersonal opinion (ln m1' opiuiolr. to my way of thinking, I
believe...
)
5. Put each ofthefollowingwords in its correct spacein the sentencesbelow
cloakroom
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
i
lab
privateschool
art room
comprehensive
school
canteen
It is necessaryto pay school f-eesin order to go to a
, whereasa
is run bv the stateand thereforeis lree.
Todayin the
they had my favoritemeal: steakand chips.
put
your hats,scan'esand coatsin the
You should
last week rvhen he mixed the wrong chemicals
John nearl-"-blew up the science
together.
The wallsof the
are coveredin pictureswhich havebeenpaintedby the pupils.
WORD FOR]VIATION
1. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
StephenMurray"s teenageyearswere difficult. He never nranagedto gain the
(approve/of his teachersat sclrool.He ignoredrepeateduarningsto chiin-rehis attitudeor be crpelled.
(intellect/pupil u'astirrghis opportLruities
by _
He was widely consideredArl___
(complain)aboutthcir son but in spite
(behave)in class.His parentsreccir'edregr.rlar
(rebel)behavior.it u.:rstheir beliefthat the schoolrvas
of their own experience
of Stephen's
(understand)
that arosefrom time to tinte,
as nruchto blame as Steoheurvasfor the
(suggest)
(bring)wasin
that the bol"s
They rearcted
angrilylcl any
(respond/for Stepltert's
way
lackof discipline.
ar1-v
_
29
2. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
SchoolThen and Now
(compare)betweenthe time when tliey
Parentsand teachersare alwaysmaking_
(child) and the present
(generate).They sayeverythingwasbetter than it
were_
(educate).For exarnple,they say'theyusedto work much
is today,especiallyirr
(hard) in school, and that nowadays,we aren't verv interested.I
(agree),becausewe
(revise)for
spend hours every day doing homework after our lessonsor
(examine).I wonder if our parentsreally had to study so much after school everyday. In my opinion,
(exaggerate)to say we have forgotten how to play. I think one reason why
it is no
(behave)in classis becausethey needto get rid ofstress.
kids
3. Fill in the correctword derivedfrom the word in brackets
Teaching children at home
(surprise)that
It is compulsory for children to have an education, but you may find it
place
the teachingdoesn'talwayshaveto take
in the schoolbuilding.As long asthey havethe
(necessity)paper
(qualify),parentsthemselvescan teachtheir children at home. They may
(decide)to do this becausethey are
(happy)with a particularschool,
make the
(know) of their own child's needsthan teachers
or becausethey feel that they have more
(choose)
(criticize)of parentswho make this _
at school. However,there may be _
(social)
becausesomepeoplefeelthat childrenwho are taughtat home find it difficult to mix
(support)of the idea disagreewith this. They
with young people of their own age.However.
think it is a betterway of teachingchildrenwhat is reallyirnportant.
4. Fill in the correctword derivedfrom the word in brackets
It is nevertoo lateto learn?
My attemptto teachmyselfSpanishhasbeen
(successful)
so far and I
(able)to learnforeignlanguagesat my age.
am wonderingwhetherI arn simply
(intelligent), so
(patient)and neither I am
I am not
just
(possible)
why have I found it almost
to learn more than
the basicsof Spanish
(adequate)beyond very
after nearly slr months of study? My vocabulary is
(satisfy)to saythe least.I suspectI sound
basic expressionsand my grammar is
(polite).
very
too. RecentlyI met a Cubantourist in a cafeand
(appropriate)becauseshe looked
(fortune).I must havesaid something
very offendedarrdgot up and sat at anothertable.
30
5. Fill in the correctwordderivedfromthe wordin brackets
How to learnvocabulary
(press) to learn huge amounts of
Studentsare under enormous
(guide)as to how to go about it. They have
vocabularvbut thev are rarelv siven
(tend) to try and learn long lists by hean, but this is hardly the most
(efficiency)approach to the problem. The golden rule is to do lots of
(revise)at regular intervals.Secondly,studentsshould concentrateon words
(frequent).particularlyeverydaywords which also improve the
with rhe highest
(fluent).They also should take every
students'spoken
(opportune)
( psychology)
to usethe wordsin communication- thereis considerable
evidence
that learnerswho like using foreignlanguages
(perform).
improvetheir oral
+
WRITING
Osuarcouamecb
c npasuna,MuHonucaHuflituttHoeonucbna (c.u. pazdet Pexoneadaquu no HanucaHuro
nucw,rortu.tHoeo
xapoKmepa)u euno.tuumendauue
PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfronrJenny.yourEnglishpenfriend
...1 am getting ready for my A-levels at the moment. It's rather dfficult for me to
rememberall the necessoryfactsandfigures. And whendo you haveexamsin Russis?Do you
find it easyto revise?Do you study at night?
And another thing! My parents sayyou could comeand visit us in summer. Wouldyou
Iike to?
I huve to go now as I haveloads of homeworkto do. Drop me a line whenyou can.
Bestwishes,
Ienny
Writebackto Jennv
In your letter
.
.
answerall herquestions.
ask3 questions
aboutyourtrip to England
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritilts.
al
JI
.}
GUIDED WRITING
paccytrcdeuun (cu. pazden
Ozuarconamecac npasuxailu HanucaHun co.tuHeHuttc 3)'IeMeHnta.vu
<,Moennenusr>)u sbtnornume3adauun
no Hanuca+urucoquHeHun
Perco*tendouuu
I. Study the ides about getting higher educartonlagreeor disagreewith them and add your own ones
.
It is better to continue educationto get necessaryknowledgefor our future profession.
.
It is better to start working right after leaving school to find out what your interests are to
chooseyour luture career.
.
If you start working right after school you will become independentof your parentsquicker.
O, university you will be able to make good friends who shareyour interests.
:
a
a
l.
(lse the argumentsaboveto completea compositionon thefollowing topic
Getting university education is essentialfor evetyoneafter leovingschool.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction.(statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion.
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion.
expresswhy you don't agreewith the oppositlgopinion
makea conclusionrestatingyour opinion
PARAGRAPH I
Many roads are openfor school-leaversthereforeit is not easyfor them to make the right choice.Some
students claim that
However,othersbelievethat
)/,
PARAGRAPH2
u.tunpunepatu),
In my opinion( 2-3 apeyt\teHma
c nodmeeptrcdexunnu
PARAGRAPH3
On theotherhand,somepeoplearguethat(npomueonotoJtcHofl
molrKospeHufl
c apeyrreHmauu)
_
PARAGRAPH4
(o1oncuuma,
I disagree
with theaboveideo(s)because
noqevyHecoz,,raceH
c ude,snuusnapazpaSa3,
nodmeep dumb ap eyMeHn7o,\,tu, He no6mopn n uluu u nap aep ar! 2)
PARAGRAPH 5
Takingeverythinginto consideration,
thereare tv,opointsof viewongettinghighereducation.Tbny
way of thinking,
aa
-tJ
Read the text, Iearn the vocabularyand discnss
MY FUTURECAREER
lVork to become.not lo acctuire
EtbertUunnora
Choosinga careeris one of those important decisionsthat can changethe courseof our life. An
individual can decideto follow in the footstepsof a parent or take over a family business.For others,
careeris the pursuit of a passionor lifelong dream. Whether one's path is clear or uncertain,careful
planning may lead to the job of a lifetime.
There is a higli ealqpelitiotl in the world of careersand professions.The lack of guiding services
and ever-increasing
unemploymenthavecomplicatedthe decision-makingprocess.Most of the young
men and women feel confused,indecisiveand frustratedin searchof suitablejobs.
If you havean ideaof the careerpath !'ou want to pursue,it can help you makethe best decisions
your
about
training and education.Manv linesof work requirespecificdegreesand certifications,which
can take yearsto achieve.Understandingthe requirementsof your chosenprofessionwill allow you
prepareyourselftbr the careeryou want.
High schoolstudentsare at a stagein their liveswhen the-vhaveto decideupon a careerpath. No
doubt, schoolplaysan important part in the decision-makingprocessas it teachesus differentsubjects,
and helpsus discoverour specialtalentsand communicatewith other people.Teachersprovide helpful
guld€lx€s and make objectiveassessments
for a high schoolstudent.Parentsare very keento help their
children makegood careerdecisions.Opinionsof our friendsand relativesare alsovery important.
Choosingan appropriatecareerinvolvesmakingan honestself-evaluation
of your talents,abilities
and interests.While your decisiorl may change over time due to different circumstances,having a
professionalobjectivewill help you makecritical decisions.
Nowadays,there are more factorsfor peopleto take into considerationwhen choosinga job. In
addition to the remuneration.many people may consideriob jaUsfaelia!, careergrowth opportunity,
and the balancebetweenlife and work as other important motiveswhen selectinga workplace.Some
people arguethat financial gain is gssenIialfor a personwhen he or she selectsa career,while others
disagreewith it. Of course,money is important.Thereare lots of thingsmoney can buy, including social
slatusand aonyerttgncg!f]1fb. Evenwhen cl'roosingjobs, many people look at the pay before considering
what the job actllallyinvolves.Everyonewantsto meetthe needsof his family and children.However,if
you enjoy your work, yolr are more likel-vto succeedin your career.You may not get a high salaryin the
beginning,but your passionwill help you developprofessionally.
On the other hand, if you are in a career
you
you
go
don't
won't
that
like,
are
havethe rnotivationto
to work. This lack of enthusiasmwill limit
your chancesof professionalgrowth. Worse,it could leadto stressand man-vhealthproblerns.
Throughoutyour career,you nlustbe ableto summarizeyour work history,outline your skillsand
emphasizetraits you havefor future work. The ability to make a professionalqualificationsstatement
suchas a resumeor CY is very important nowadays.
Finally, when you are given tlte job of your dreamstry to remembereverl.thingyou know, be
punctual, hardworkirtgand do your best.
a^
J.+
STUDENT CARD
C
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Mv Future Career".
Rememberto say:
o
o
.
.
Whetherit is an easytask to choosea future careerand why
What important thingsyou shouldkeepin mind choosinga future job
Ifjob satisfactionis important
What job you are goingto choose
Answerthe question:What role does school play in the choice of profession?
Translateand usein your own sentences:
1. Frankly speaking....
2. To be well-groundedin the many subjects
3. To cut a long story short, I'd like to specializein the sphereof ........
4. To havework experience...
Peoplelookfor jobs at dffirent places. One can:
. be employedby the governmentor a company
' work/be freelance
Weofien speak of:
' full-time jobs
' part-timejobs
' regularjobs
' odd jobs
Iobs can ofer someprospects:
' promotion
. financial reward
' perks and bonuses
' good job opportunities
Iobs can be atffactive and unattractive. Theseare somequolities that make them such.
Attractive jobs
jobs
Unattractive
creative
challenging
exciting
fulfilling
interesting
pleasant
popular
prestigious
backbreaking
boring
dangerous
exhausting
messy
monotonous
not respected
tiring
satisfuing
skillful
rewarding
well-paid
35
Diferent jobs can require:
.
.
.
.
.
.
specialknowledge
accuracy
courage
a good imagination
a l o t o f ( l i t t l e )e x p e r i e n c e
meetingpeople
'
'
'
.
.
physicalstrength
specialtraining
working from home/ travelinga lot
working late (long) hours
working night shifts
Are thesejobs popalar? Describe them and explain whyyou considerthempopular?
Accountant, airhostess,architect, (auto)mechanic.carpenter,chef, chemist, databaseadministrator,
designer,surgeon,dentist,interpreter/translator.
interiordecorator.journalist,lawyer,librarian,model,
musician,nurse, photographer.police officer.programmer,editor. electrician,engineer,estateagent,
fashiondesigner,firefighter,hairdresser,
receptionist,secretary,socialworker,sport instructor,teacher,
travelagent,vet, pharmacist.plumber,tailor, mason.
CV (CurriculumVitae) - personalinformation, information about your education,qualifications,skills
and experience.
Letter of application- descriptionof your personalqualities,qualificationsand skills required to a
particularjob, writterrin a form of a formal letter.
Here is a list ofpoints, which you mightfind important whenyou are lookingfor a job. llhich are the 3 most
important and the 3 least importantfor you? Giveyour reasons
'
.
.
.
.
.
.
top wages
opportunity to useyour own ideas
on-the-job training when you begin
further training
health insurance
chanceto help other people
opportunityto becomewell-known
.
.
.
'
.
.
'
outdoor work
no specialqualificationneeded
re-eularworking hours
flexibleworking hours
work in a team with friendly people
opportunityto beconteself-employed
short wav from home
Sudy the vocabulary,fill in the missing words
Use:
I am verv...
...isone of my strongpoints.
accurate
adaptable
adaptability
cooperative
creative
creatlvltv
flexible
fleribility
energetlc
organized
organizatlon
perslstent
pr*.1*l
punctualit),
..rp"t*Ot.
t".tfrl
tact
determined
irrtelligent
-
36
VOCABULARYEXERCISES
I. Choosethe right word
1. A(n)
repairscar engines,whereasa(n)
usesscientific
knowledgeto developmachines.(mechanic/ engineer)
2. A(n)
is responsiblefor the preparationand publicationof a newspaper,book or
printsthemreadyto be sold.(publisher/editor)
magazine,while a(n)
3.
work on beachesor in swimming pools and savepeoplefrom drowning, but
are hired to protect famous people. (lifeguards/ bodyguards)
work in placesfrom which you can buy books. whereas
work
in placesfrom which yoLican borow books. (librarians/ booksellers)
writes articlesfor newspapersor magazines,while a
5. A _
presentsnews storieson televisionor radio. (iournalist/ newsreader)
is a scientistwho studiesthe starsand planets,but an
6. An
predictions
makes
by studying the positions of starsand planets.(astrologer/ astronomer)
informs people about the weather on the TV or radio, whereas
7. A
a
studiesweather conditions so that the weather forecastcan be siven.
(weatherpresenter
/ meteorologist)
8.
catchfishwhicharethensoldto
shops.(fishermen
fishmongers
/
who sellthem in their
2. Put each ofthe following wordsor phrasesin its correctplace in thepassagebelow
references short-list
fill in
interview
qualifications
vacancy
applicationform
applicants
experiences
apply
Applyingfor a job
thereareusuallyvery many(a)
In timesof high unemployment
when a (b)
is advertised.Sometimeslarge numbersof people (c)
, and sendotr (d)
lor a singlejob. It is not unusual,in fact, for hundredsof peopleto (e)
to
a flrm for one post. This number is reduced to a (f)
of perhapssix or eight, from whom a
final choice is made when they all attend an (g)
. Very possiblythe peopleinterviewing
will be interestedin the (h)
the candidatessainedat schoolor universitvand whal
(i)
they have had in previousjobs. Thev will probablyask for o
written by the candidates'teachersand enrployers.
3. Instructions as above
commute
pension
salary
ambitious
prospects
perks
promotion
increments
retire
commission
Choosingthe rightjob
is importantbut I havea wifeanda babyso I haveto think aboutrnoneytoo. If a
Jobsatisfaction
job interestsme, I needto knowwhat (a)
it offersand whetherthereareregularannual
(b)
increases,
called
. I want to know if I will receivea (c)
when I
(d) _
at the ageof 60 or 65. If thejob is sellingproduct,I askif I'll receivet1pcrcentage
of the
v a l L roef w h a t I s e l l .c a l l e d( e )
. It is also important to know if there are extra advantages,
like free mealsortransport, orthe useof a car.Theseare called(f)
or frinsebenehts.Arc
good?For example,is there a good chanceof (h)
the futr"rre(g)
37
to a betterjob, with more money and responsibility?Is the job near my home? If it isn't, I'll haveto (i)
everyday and this can be very expensive.I'm very keento be successful.I'm very (i)
I don't want to stavin the sameiob all mv life.
4. FiA in theblank. Thefirst letterof eachmissingwordhasbeengiven
(l) nowadaysso it is getting more and more difficult to get the kind
There is a lot of u
(2) you reallywant. Then 1,ouhaveto decidewhat is more important to you - how much
ofj_
you e_
(3) or job satisfaction?Do you preferto work with your hands(calledmanual work) or do
youprefertoworkinanoffice(calledclericalwork)?Doyouprefertoworkindoorsoro-(4)?
Besides.certainprofessions
requiredifferentqualitiesand abilities.Salespeople
needto be p_
(5) to get peopleto buy their products.Receptionistsshouldbe p_
(6) in order to make people
(7) as they shouldn't make mistakesin their
feel welcome.Surgeonsmust be very a
(8)
(9) in orderto do her work quickly and
work. A secretaryhasto be e
and c_
accurately.
And what qualitieswill you needin vour futureprofession?
o
WORD FORMATION
1. Reod the text and put the words in brackets into the correctform
A NewOpportunifyin
(inform) Technology!
you
you
(bore) with your presentjob? Do you need
Are
looking for a change?Are
(vary)in your work?Are you
(energy)with goodpeopleskills?Stop!
more
(excite)newjob in our SalesDepartment,organizinga new
A.T. Computersis offeringan
(advertise)campaignin the USA. It's a
(responsible).
travelins and a lot of
If you are
(qualify).we will be very
experienceand
(challenge)position which involves
(interest)and have necessary
(please)to hear from you.
2. Read the text and put the wordsin brsckets into the comectform
Dear Sir or Madam.
(advertise)in International Businessmagazine and I am writing
I readyour
(require) for the course in English Language.
for more information concernins entrv
(qualify)are required?I do not possess
Could you tell me what language
the First
(accept)on the course dependson having the
Certificate and would like to know if
(account)for an internationalcompanyI would be interested
FCE? In fact. as I am an
(develop)for both social and
in a coursewhich focuseson lansuase
(busy)purposes.I would also like to know the
(distant)from the collegeto London and
(attend)at all classes
(absent)for
if
is obligatory.or whetheran occasional
purposesoftravel be acceptable.
I look forward to hearins from vou.
Yours faithfully,
Nelson Fernandez
38
3. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
Although recentlythere has been a small
(reduce)in the number of people
out of work in Europe,(employ)it ttill tt* number one
(society)
problenifacingthefifteerrmenrberstatesoftheEuropeanUrrion.Moreover,
of opportunity betweenmen and wonlen is still an issuethat_
(potitical)in many
couutrieshavenot come to gripswith. In
(profess),u.hu, th. law and engineering
are still noticeableby their absence.
(employ)srill discrimirrareagainst
Yl]:"
lemate
_ (employ)in a number of ways even if their (quatiff) are
th. runle^ thor" of nren. lt would be a pity if the
(".ht*.) of the EU on an
-econonliclevelwere marredby
(fail) in the vital areaof socialpolicy.
-4. Fill in the correct word derivedfront the word in brackets
Job interviews
Manypeoplefeelvery
(nerve)aboutjob interviewsbut rememberthe interviewers
must have liked your
(apply).so you only have to live up to their
(expect)!Beforeyou go into the interviewrooln, takea few deep
(breathe).Ifyou rhink
about somethingnice, that bringsyou a feelingof
(happy)then you will smile.and eive
an impression
of
(confident).
Makesurerharyontakeall therightpaperswith you - if"you
forgetsomething,you could look
(profession
).
If they askwhy you left -v-our
job,
last
do not give a long
(explain).you havea right
to your
(private)and so do your previousemployers.Any future
employerwill like it if
you show
(loyal)to your old boss.Takeyour time to answerquestions,
and relax. If you
follow this
(advise).you havea good chanceofgettingthejob!
+
WRITING
PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfronrSheryl,yor.rrEnglishpenfriend.who writes:
".1 needsomemoney to go on hotiday with my friends at the end of August. Do you
think I shouldfind aiob? Hove you or any of yourfriends done summer jobs?
I am thinking
ofworking as a waiterfor afew weeks.Do you think it is a good idea?
Wat other jobsdo you
think I coulddo?And what do you think theproblemsnight be?Let
me know whatyou think.
Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Sheryl
o
r
Write back to Sherylansweringher questions.
Ask 3 questionsabout the holiday she is going on with her fiiends.
Write 100-140 words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritins.
39
GUIDED WRITING
Argumentativecomposition
Some teenagerswould like to have a highly paid job; others believe that theirfuture job should be
i nterestingand bring satisfact ion.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Complete the text with the missing words and phrases:
To start with, However,Wat is more, On the otherhand, Firstly, It't cottclusion,Besides,Secondly
Nowadaysyoung people havevariousjob opportunities. No wonder that it is difficult for them to
choosetheir future occupation.Someteenagers
believethat job satisfactionshould be the major reason
while choosinga job. ( l)
some
teenagersarguethat money is the keystonein every
,
job.
I believe that the major concern when choosing a job should be our interestsand talents.
(2)
, a future careershould fit our personality,otherwise it is not going to be
fulfilling.(3)
, it is unlikelythat a job will be done properlyunlesswe are interested
in it. Our attitudewill surelvhavea negativeimpact.
(4)
some teenagersclaim that the more money they get the more they
will be respected.(5)
, they believethat gettingmuch moneythey will be ableto
buy what they want and it will make them happy.
I totally disagreewith the abovestatements.(6)
if you only work
to earn money your life will soon becomeextremelyboring. (7)
if
, you really enjoy
your job, you will achievesuccess
get
you
and
the rewardand respectthat
truly deserveevenif you don't
earn much monev.
(8)
, there are two points of view on the problem of the choice between
money andjob satisfaction.I want to stressthat while salarvis important, teenagers
sliould not consider
primary
factorwhen choosingtheir future occupation.
earningsas a
Argumentative
composition
L
positiveand negativesspects
Reudand discuss
of teenagers
at work. Wat isyour opinion?
Positiveaspects
Workingteenagers:
a
a
a
a
o
a
a
get a tasteof work at an early age
earn extra pocket money
get experienceof'a work placeand society
learn to handlemoney
gain the senseofindependenceand self-respect
becomereliable
many parentscan't support their children at universityor college; by
working part-time studentscan help their parentswith their br"rrden
40
Negativeaspects
If you have a part-time job
o
o
.
o
2.
lou will be tired, you won't be able to concentrateat university or
collegeand you won't be so healthy
lou won't haveenoughtime to do your homeworkand your results
will suffer
you won't have time to relax, to spend on hobbiesor with your
fiiends
lou won't havea carefreeyouth (thereis plenty of work when you
graduate
Usethe argumentsaboveto write an argumentotivecompositionon thefollowing topic:
Millionsof teenogers
all overthev,orlddoport-timejobs in theirfreetime.
Whatis youropinionon workingteenagers?
Write 200-250 words.
Usethe followingplan
.
.
.
o
.
makean introduction.(statetheproblem)
yourpersonalopinionandgive2-3 reasons
for youropinion.
express
for thisopposingopinion.
express
an opposingopinionandgive1-2 reasons
why you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
express
youropinion
makea conclusion
restating
PARAGRAPH1. INTRODUCTION
Tbearnsomepocketmoneymillionsof teenagers
seorchfor part-timejobs. Somepeopleclaimthat_
. However,othersare convincedthat
PARAGRAPH2
Inmy opinion(2-3 apeyueuma
cnodmeeptrcdeuunuu
ntu npuuepauu),
Al
+t
PARAGR.,IPH
3
On theolherhond,somepeoplearguethat(npomueonoto)tcHofl
moqKa3peHun
c apzyMeHmauu)
_
PARAGRAPH4
(o6aacuuma,
I disagree
with theaboveidea(s)because
nouewyHecoe/taceH
c udenuuusnapazpaQa
3,
nodmeepdumb opeyileHmayu, He no*mopflnu4u.rlLtcns nopazpoSe 2)
PARAGRAPH5. CONCLUSION
Takingeverythinginto consideration,
thereare rwopointsof viewon theproblemof workingteenagers.
To my woy of thinking,
42
Read the text. learn the vocobularvand discuss
THE PRICE OF FAME
Thepostmonwantson autograph.The cab driverwontsa picture.
The waitresswantsa handshake.Everyonewants a piece of you
John Lennon
Most people find the idea of being famousattractive.The common perceptionis that celebrities
and famous personalitieshave everl'thing in life. The truth is that there are as many downsidesand
disadvantages
of beinga celebrityasthereare a number of benefits.
Among major advantages
of being a celebrityfirstly the fact should be mentionedthat celebrities
get specialtreatmentwhereverthey go. From specialseatsat theatresto specialtablesat restaurants,
celebritiesare given the advantageof being the preferred customerseverlrvhere. Secondly,one of the
very obvious advantagesof being famous is that fame generallybrings with it lots of fortune. Celebrities
and other famous people are generallyricher than the averageperson. Luxurious homes and cars, fancy
gifts, expensiveclothesand other such materialisticpleasuresof life convert from a dream to reality
when peoplebecomefamous.Furthermore,when peoplebecomefamous,more opportunitiesarise in
or not. Beingfamousdefinitell'opensmany doors in life which would have
life whether career-related
remainedshut if fame had not been achieved.Last but not leastcelebritiesare recognizedeverlrvhere
they go. This is an advantagebecausepeopleoften draw a massiveego boost when random bystanders
recognizethem. Fans are the people who adore their celebrity idols. Fan mail and other forms of
appreciationthat celebritiesreceivecan be inspirational,motivationaland very humbling.
But would you actuallywantto be famous?Many peoplewould, but they don't alwaysrealizehow
'the cult
many disadvantages
there are for those who live in the public eye.The massmedia havecreated
of celebrity'. They just show the enjoyablethings about being a star, or the financial benefits,and ignore
the problems that go along with it - things like having photographersaround you whereveryou go, and
journalists publish unreliableinformation and spreadrumours. The deepestsecretsof you and your
family may becomepublic property. Paparazzifollow famous people around in order to take unflattering
photosof them in their most intimatemomentsmaking it impossiblefor them to havea privatelife.
The life of a celebrity can be spoilt by fanswho want to know everlthing about their favourite star.
Famous people are often followed or harassedby phone. email or messagesby followers who cross the
Obsessioncan turn into threatsand evenph)'sicalharm. For example,John
line and becomeobsessed.
'the Beatles'was shot by a crazy
Lennon, a famous British singerand a song-writerand a member of
man in New York City. That is why famous people often have to disguisethemselvesand spend much
money on security.
However,sometimeseventhesemeasuresdon't help. Everybodyknowsthe sad story of Princess
Diana's death whose car was pursued by some paparazzi through Paris before the fatal crash. The
paparazzitook pictures of the wrecked car before any of them called for help.
They begin smoking,
Very often celebritiesget tired of their stressfullifestyleand feel depressed.
'switching off - but they
drinking and taking drugs. These are used as an escapeor a temporary way of
do not solvetheir problems.There are many examplesof famouspeoplewho died becauseof alcohol or
drugs such as Kurt Cobain or Amy Winehouse.
So publicity doesn't only lead to fame, success,admiration and richness.It is also the reasonof
eruT',rivalry, jcaleusy, stress,extreme fatigue and the impossibility to escapepublic attention. Famous
peoplecan't do thingsthat the averagepersoncan, can't afford themselveslittle pleasuresof life, which
can be very frustrating indeed.
With this kind of pressuresomepeopledo regretmaking the decisionto seekfame. Once you've
becomewell-known you can't go back. Some people haveto pay a high price for publicity.
So is it actuallvworth it? It's a personalchoice.
43
a>
STUDENT CARD
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "The Price of Fame".
Rememberto talk about
o
o
o
What the positiveaspectsof beingfamousare
What the negativeaspectsof beingfamousare
Afamous personyou know
Answerthe questiou Would you like to be famous?Why/ why not?
+
VOCABULARYEXERCISE
Put each ofthe following words or phrases in its correct ploce in the passagebelow
interviews bodyguards
break-upprivacy
pressures
in the publiceye
autographs celebrity
entourage
fans
Being famous, being a (a) _
can mean wealth, recognitionand being surroundedby
to admiring
an (b)
of helpers,secretariesand agents.It can mean giving (c) __
(d) _
press.
(f)
(e)
also has its disadvantases.
and
to the
But being
. Thev need
Famous entertainerssufferfrom a lack of (g)
(h) _
to protect them. The constant(i)
on them can leadto the CI)_
of their
price
marriages.This is the
of lame.
WORD FORMATION
Thelife of a famousperson
(profession)future in films go to Hollyvood only
Manypeoplewhothinktheyhavea
(enjoy)
(disappoint)insteadof success.They often have to give up the more
to find_
provide
pla)'
parts
(advertise)
because
these
chosen
career
in
aspectsoftheir
to
(survive)can
(finance)security- but they are not satisl_ving.
For many actors.evenbasic
(electric)bills. and the tinre
be difficult. Some do not earn enoughto pay their rent or
(prepare)of a portfblio for interviewsis often wasted.Of course
and money they investin the _
(succeed).
(explain)
for why onl-v1% of actorsare really
there is a possible
(perform)will be the one that
There arejust too many peoplewho believethat their next
makesthenr a starl
WRITING
PersonalLetter
penfriend.
Thisis a partof a letterfromGeorge.
1'ourEnglish
...At schoolwe are doingprojectson fumous peoplein dffirent counf ies. Could1'outell me
aboutfamous Russionperson? Wtat is he or sheJamousfor?Wouldyou like to becomefamous?
Asfor my schooltrip to London last w,eek,it waswonderful...
14
Writebackto Georse.
In yourletter
.
.
answerall his questions.
ask3 questions
abouthis trip to London
Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritins.
GUIDED WRITING
C
Argumentative composition
1) Study the example and complete the exercises
2) Underline the link words and expressions
3) Completethe gaps with the sentences
A,B,C or D
Positiveand negativeaspectsofbeing an actor.
Have you ever dreamt of being an actor? The acting professionmay sound glamorous to most of
us, but the truth is that there are advantagesand disadvantages
to a life in acting.
The main positiveside of being an actor is that it is a creativejob. I
As a result,many of
them come to terms with the bad aspectsof their characterand developthe good ones. Furthermore,
many peopleare impressedby actors.2_
However,the greatestdrawbackis lack of privacy.3_
.What'smore. at the beginningof
their careersthey have to strugglewith low pay and long hours. 4
All in all, being an actor means little or no privacy and long hours of practice for little reward.
However, it can help you discovermany things about vourself and one day you might play the leading
role in a film or in the theatre.
A. They often enry their lifestylesand fame.
B. For example,they have to go to a lot of auditions before they get a small part in a play or fllm.
C. It's quite common to seefamousaclorsbeingmobbedby their far-rs
while havingdinner or coffee.
D. An actor, by playing different charactersduring his/her career,has the chance to expressdifferent
aspectsof his/her own personality.
4) Replace the words/ phrasesfrom the text with the expressionslisted
Tbsum up,
This way,
Onepoint of viewinfavor...,
For instonce, In addition to this,
On the other hand,
Finally,
Argumentativecomposition
Somepeopleclaim that beingfamous isn't alw,avseos)'ond evencan ruin a person'slife.
What is your opinion?Would1ou like to be famous?
Wrire 200-250 words.
o
.
.
.
.
Use the following plan
makean introduction(statethe problem)
yollr personalopinion and give2-3 reasons
express
for 1,ouropinion
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
Read the text. Iearn the vocabulart, and discuss
FRIENDSHIPAND FRIENDS
AJriend is one thot knov,s)'ott os)tottare, ttnderstandswhereyou have been,
occeprsv,hat)'ou hate beconrc,atd still,getlly allows1,oulo grow
William Shakespeare
Peoplesaythat friend in need is a friend indeed.A friend who hasknown you foreveris a treasure.
Real friend is incredibly hard to find. If we try to define what a friend is, it will be not an easytask. A
dictionarydefinesa friend as a personwho you know and like very much and enjoy spendingtime with.
But what about peoplewho, for example,stud-vtogetherand spendmost of their time sharingthe same
activitiesat school sometimesfor severalyears.Can we call them friendsor are they just classmates?
Or
the other situation,when peoplewerefriendsfor agesat schoolor universityand then haven'tseeneach
other for l0 years.Are they still friends?
Since childhood we socialize with a great number of people. When we are kids we are likely
to befriend with someonesimilar. who are often the sarnesex, age and ethnicitlzand share similar
interests,social skills and sometimesacademicachievement.Sinrilarityattractsas children may enjoy
the sameactivitiesand eet the senseof emotionalcomfort. The older we becomethe more difficult and
controversialrelationswe build. Many adolescentsconsidertheir friends to be more important than
family members.The influenceof friendsin this period of life changesdramatically.Teenstry to copy
their friends' behavior,manners,sEhoqlpcrfouriarcg and not alwaysthis influence benefitsa person.At
school children and teenagersusualll'haveone or two 'best friends' who tl,ey considerto be the most
closeand reliableonesand they also liavea wide circle of other liiends - 20-30 is not uncommon. The
main reasonsfor this are time and shared_€xpgllc:tee.
Adults usually say they have one or two close
who
always
friends those
they can
rel1,'
on in difficult times and the othersarejust acquaintancesor
colleagues.When people grow up they may move apart geographicallyand lose the senseof a shared
interestwhen they startworking in differentfields,or spendingtime in differentways.
Nowadaysmany people claim that the developmentof social networkingsitesallow people to
make friends easierand to keep closerelationshipsfor years.However,psychologistsinsist that social
networksis a very controversialthing as they mity createan illusion of a real friendshipbut destroythe
ability of a personto socializein a real life and constructa faceto facecommunication.
Successful
friendshiprequiresboth peoplein the relationshipto feelthe sameway about the other
person.We are often surroundedby 'fair-weatherfriendi, peoplewho you considerto be your friends
but provethemselvesnot to be rvhenthings get tough. So the most important thing about friendshipis
'in needwith you and will
to find a personwho will stay
supportvou in the most difficult period of life.
joy
If you havea personto find pleasurein irour
and sharesorrowin your grief, then you are reallylucky.
Quarrels
yearsis universal,but friendships
The importanceof closefriendshipespeciallyduringthe teertage
don't alwayslast- especiallyfor childrenand teenagers.
Sometimesliiendshipsend in angryaccusations
and hurt feeliogs.Sometimesfnendsjust drift apart. Perlrapsthe most painful end to a friendshipis the
one-sidedrejection- one lriend turns away.or choosessomeoneelseas a closefriend, and the other
child or a teenageris leti feelingabandonedand wonderingwhy thingsfell apart.The end of a friendship
is olien sad, but it's not necessarilya bad thing. Sometimesit's just alu.uayatdableresultof teenagers
growingup in differentwaysor at differentrates.Sometimescertainpairsof childrenor teenagers
tend to
bring out the worst in eachother, and they"rebetterofffinding different.more compatiblefriends.Often
the end of one friendship makesmore room for other friendshipsto grow.
46
STUDENT CARI)
O
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Friendship and Friends".
Rememberto soy:
o
o
o
o
What a friend is
What friends we meet during our life
What the influence of social networks is
What your friend is like, what he or shelooks like, what you like doing together
Answerthe questiou Why is it important to havethe best flriend?
+
VOCABULARYTOSTUDY
Appearance
HAIR: long, short, shoulder-length,curly, straight,wary, brown, blond, permed,dyed,white...
EYES: small, large,slanting,blue, green,almond-shaped...
MOUTH: small,thin/full lips...
NOSE: straight,crooked,hooked,curved,small,turned-up,bulbous...
HEIGHT:tall, of medium height,short...
BUILD / CONSTITUTION: slim, well-built, muscular,skinny,fat, plump, overweight...
AGE:teenage,old, in one's(early,mid, late)twenties,forties...
FACE / COMPLEXION: oval, square,round. tanned,pale. freckled,wrinkled...
SPECIAL FEATURES: dimples,scar.mole, limp, tattoo, high cheekbones,moustache,beard...
Character:
VIRTUOUS CHARACTERISTICS:good-humored,kind, communicative,sociable,friendly, modest,
generous,attentive, thoughtful, earnest, sincere, enthusiastic,calm, quiet, self-possessed,
honest,
patient,sympathetic,respectable,
intelligent,easy-going,devoted,loyal, courageous,industrious,hardworking, sweet,gentle
EVIL CIIARACTERISTICS: unkind, reserved.uncommunicative.unsociable, haughty, arrogant,
greedy, tactless, insincere, false, rulgar. double-faced,dispassionate,dishonest, cruel, intolerant,
capricious,insensible,obstinate,stubborn,coarse.rude
47
C,
WORD FORMATION
1. Usethe wordgiven toform a word that fits eachspace
(relate) is not always
Everyonewants to have friends, but building up new
people
easy.A few
are born with outgoing
(personal); they have a natural
(able) to make new friends whereverthey go. However,not many people are
(complete)at easein a room full of strangers.
Most ofus feel
(nerve)when we meet new people, and this can occasionallymake us appear
(friend)when in fact we arejust shy.In any case,the
(develop)of new friendships
is a gradLralprocess- it doesn'tjust happenovernight.Long-standingfriendships
(general)haveseveralthingsin common. The friendsenjoythe samesofisof
(act),
and sharesimilarbeliefsand values,they are
(honestly)withone another, and have
(expect).They
(confidence)in each other, when
similar
(boredom)time with one anotherand
they haveproblems.Friendsneversharea
(appreciation)
areusuallyvery
of eachother.It sometimesis
(appearance)
that they are friendsby their looks becausesome sharea tastein clothes.Having a close
(strong)in termsof
friend helpsyou gain
(confide). In
(truth) friend there are a few
orderto be a
(require)suchas
(tolerant)and
(assist).
WRITING
C
PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfromyour Englishpenfriend.
...l've had an argument with my bestfriend, Linda, and we ore not talking to each other. I'm
really upsetabout it. Do you everargue with your bestfriend? Wat kind of things do you argue about?
lVhat do you think I should do to becomefriends with Linda again? Have you ever been in a similsr
situation? Wat did you do?
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Chrisrtne
o
.
Writebackto Christineanswering
herquestions.
Ask 3 questions
aboutLinda.
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
Argumentativecomposition
A personmay hat'eonly one bestfriend.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Usethe followingplan
. make an introduction.(statethe probiem)
. expressyour personaiopinion and give 2-3 reasousfor your opinion
. express
an opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposin-e
opinion
. express
you
why
don't agreewith the opposingopinion
o [iake a conclusionrestating
your opilrron
48
Read the text, learn the vocabularyond discuss
EASHION
only.
Fashionis not somethingthat existsin dresses
Fashionis in the slcy,in the street,
fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, whst is happening
CocoChanel
Fashionis somethingwe dealwith everyday.Evenpeoplewho saythey don't carewhat they wear
choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and the way they feel that day. We often judge
people by what they wear. We expressourselvesin the style and colors we choose and the combination
and jewelleryall tend to createan impressionof our
of clotheswe put together.Our shoes,accessories
personality.
At the sametime, we use clothesto expressour individuality.
socialclassand
Fashionis revealing.Clothescreatea wordlessmeansof communicationthat we all understand.
Clothes revealwhat groupswe are in. Stylesshow who you are, but they also createstereotypesand
distancebetweenpeople.For instance,a businessmanmight look at a boy with greenhair and multiple
piercing as a freak and outsider.Nevertheless,to another person. the boy is a strict conformist. He
dressesin a certainway to delivera messageof separation,but within a certaingroup his own look is a
uniform.
Therearemany reasonswhy we wearwhat we wear.Protectionfrom cold, rain and snow:mountain
climberswear high-techoutwearsto avoid frostbite.Physicalattraction:many stylesare worn to inspire
'chemistry'. Dressingin a particularoutfit might be a way of saying,'This is what I think is nice, and
'up' when we are happy and 'down'
I believeit makesme look more attractive.'Emotions: we dress
when we are upset. Religiousexpression:Islamic women cover every part of their body excepteyes.
Identificationand tradition:judgeswear robes,people in the military wear uniforms, brideswear long
white dresses.
Fashionis a big business.More peopleare involvedin buying, sellingand production of clothing
than any other businessin the world. Everyday,millions of workersdesign,Sely,glue, dye, and transport
clothing to stores.One certainthing about fashionis change.We are constantlybeing bombardedwith
new fashion ideasfrom music, videos,books, and television.Movies also have a big impact on what
peoplewear.Ads on buses,billboardsand magazinesgive us ideasabout what to wear, consciously,or
subconsciously.
To really meet our needs,the wardrobemust be planned in relationto the kinds of things we do
and kinds of placeswe go. We haveto match colorsand styles.Not all colorsand stylesgo well together.
Young people no longerdresslike their parents.They wear comfortable,practicaland allordable
clotheswhich haveprobablybeendesignedby somebodyyoung:urban fashionhastakenoverthe world.
Todaywe tend to dressbasedon the way clothesappealto our personaltaste.If we like it, we like
it. If we don't, we don't. We choseour styleto expressour personality.It's nice to be cool and to dress
with the times. But what's cool now is probablygoingto look silly in a few years.
As for me, I prefera casual/ formal style.My lavoriteitemsof clothesare...
.
.
.
o
.
.
.
It is important for me to feel comfortable.
I don't carewhat I wear.
I love spendingmoney on differentclothes.
Looking smart is very important for me
I realizethat differentsituationsneeddifl-erentclothes.
My tastein clothinghaschanged:I usedto wear...and now I preferx,earitrg...
In conclusion,more than beingjust a way to keepwarm. clothesreveala lot about a person'slif'e,
characterand status.
49
(>
STUDENTCARD
Givea 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Fashion".
Rememberto say:
.
.
o
.
If fashionis a big part of our life
Why peoplechoosedifferentstylesof what they wear
What young peopleprefer wearingnowadays,why?
If there is your specialstyle; why/why not
Answerthe question:Can you judge a person by what he or she wears?Why? / Why not?
O
WORD FORMATION
I. Completethe sentencesby changingtheform of the word in bold
(style)for a largemodelingagency.
(similar)betweenthe fashionsof the 1980sand the 1960s.
(expect)a little; it's no easyto becomea supermodel,
3. I think youshouldloweryour
you Know.
4'Letmeknowwhenyoumakea-(decide)aboutwhattowearforthewedding.
(enthuse).
5. Fashioncriticshavegreetedthe new clothineline with
(produce)of its shoesin an attemptto keepup with demand.
6. The factoryhas increased_
(beauty)l
7. That necklaceis
(like).
8. Ail our clothesare desienedfor men and women
l. Tracy works as a
2. There'sa
{I
VOCABULARYEXERCISES
1. Complete using the correctform of the words in the box
current
modern
glimpse
suit
new
fit
clothing
appearance
1. Ifyou careaboutyour_
match
look
cloth
glance
too muclr, peoplemight staft to think you're vain.
It's quitea nice skirt,but I don't think it really
my shoes.
q
u
i
t
e
M y m u n ra l w a y sl o o k s
and triesto keepup with the latestfashions.
quite differentliom today'sfashions.
The ancientRonranswore itemsof
As I went into the designer'soffice. I car-r-eht
a
of her drawingsbefore she
hLrrriedlyput them away.
6. I know long skirtswereiu fashionlastyear.but the
lashionis to wearthem quite
short.
7. I've got to buy sonre
shoesfor the weddingon Saturd:ry.
8. I didn't set the coatin the end becauseit didn't
me underthe arms.
9. The shirt is so exoensive
becauseit's madeout of snecial
t h a th a sg o l d i n i t .
y,oubecauseyou'\'egot bluee-ves
1 0 . I d o n ' t t h i n k t h i si u m p e r
and paleskin.
I L The designer
ertmy designsand told me that they neededmore work.
1 2 . L o n gd r e s s easn d h i g h h c e l sa r eq u i t er g o o d
tbr you.
2.
3.
4.
5.
50
2. Choosethe correct answer
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
I don't like _
on clothesin shopsbecauseI don't want peopleto see me in somethingthat
doesn'tsuit me.
A putting
B trying
D handing
C wearing
combination with a blue top is such a good idea.
I'm not sure a green skirt _
Aon
Bat
Dfor
Cin
EveryonecomplimentedKitty
her new outfit.
Bto
Dfrom
Aon
Cin
of art.
I think somemodern designsare more like _
A makes
B works
C objects
D jobs
people
wish
follow
fashion
without
I
didn't
a tendencyto
thinking about what suits them
personally.
A do
B make
C get
D have
I don't think T-shirts and jeans will evergo _
of style, do you?
A away
B out
C off
D down
your make-upwith a soft brush, like this one.
Make sureyou
Aapply
Bconstruct
Ddress
Cdecorate
you
pattern,
you'll
If
wear that shirt with the _
look like a chessboardl
A plain
B striped
C shinyD checked
your hair downl
You alwaysseemto look so formal. If only you would
Aget
Bset
Cput
Diet
The latesttrend
footwearis to wearverl' simple,traditionalshoes.
Dfrom
Aof
Bon
Cin
My sisterand I sharethe sametaste_
clothesand we wear eachother'sthingsall the time.
Don
Ain
Bof
Cfor
Why can't you
Edgar'sexampleand wear a tie to work?
D do
A set
B make
C follow
whether
were
My dad askedme
his clothes
fashionand I saidthey were- about twenty years
_
ago!
Ain
Bfrom
Con
Dof
3. Circle the correct word
l.
Do you think the average/ everydaypersonis interestedin fashion?
2. I wish Dad would get a new costume/ suit to wear for his job interview.
3. I've got red hair, so I neverput on f wearred clothesor I'd look silly.
4. John got a reallycool blouse/ top in town yesterdaywith Eminem on it.
5. India supplies/ producesthe world with cheapclothes.
6. I'm going to get my nailsdyed/ paintedtomorrow.
7. During the design/ manufactureof the clothes, lasersare usedto cut the material accurately.
8. Which costume/ suit do you think I shouldwear to the fancy - dressparty - the cowboyor the
vampire?
5r
WRITING
}
PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfrom Sheryl,your Englishpenfriend.
...Do yoa ever argue with your parents about what you wesr? My parents and I don't
seemto agreeabout clothesat alMs it importantfor you to befashionable? What sortsof
clothesdo you like wearing? Why?Do you think I should wear what my parents tell me to?
Have you got any advice?By the rray next weekI'm going to a big schoolparty.
I'm lookingforward to hearingyour opinion.
Best wishes,
Sheryl
r
.
her questions.
Writebackto Sherylanswering
aboutthe partysheis goingto visit.
Ask 3 questions
Write100-140words.
the rulesof letterwriting.
Remember
GUIDED WRITING
O
ArgumentativecomPosition
Most peoplebelievethat it is important to look nice.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words
Usethe following plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreervith the opposingopinion
make a conclttsionrestatingyonr opiniotr
(Jsethe cluesbelowto plan and wtite your composition.
positiveaspects:Clothesshow someone'spersonality.We feel betterand more comfortableif we know
we'vegot good clotheson. Then, clothesarefun and youngpeoplelike shoppilrg.but they don't like to
look like everybodyelse.Thel,try to havetheir own style,clothesthat fit their personalityand mood.
Negativeaspects:Some peoplebecomecrazy if the1,can't changeclotheseveryday or they don't have
the thingsthat are in fashionnow. Besides.somepeoplespendtoo much money on clothes'For many
of them to look fashionableis the greatestjoy in life.
52
Read the text, learn the vocabalaryand discuss
SHOPPING
But'v,hat)'ou don'I hoveyel, or whotyou reolly wont,
which can be mixedwith what _r-ou
alreadyown.
Buy only becausesomethingexcitesyou, notjust for the simpleact of shopping
Korl Lagerfeld
We live in a salsuxtel Jaetqly.The streetsof our cities are full of advertisementsoffering to buy a
new product of a famousbrand. Our TV programsare interruptedby hours of commercialsadvertising
new supershops,washingpowder and food, and we are readyto spendbig sumsof money to look more
fashionable,to havea cozierhouseor to eat tastiermeals.To tell the truth, shoppinghasbecomea vital
part of our lifestyle, a hobby or even an addiction.
There are a lot of typesof shops:if you want to buy meat you go to a butcher's,if you want to buy
you
visit a bakery, if you want to buy fruit or vegetablesyou go to a greengrocer's,if you need not
bread
only food but some cleaning materialsas well you choose a supermarkd. All items are neatly wrapped
and conveniently displayedon specialshelvesor racks or kept in refrigerators.You can walk among the
rowswith a shoppingbasketor a trolley, choosingthings.You can take and study them, put them back
and take againlater.Nobody tellsyou to hurry with the shopping.Finallv you haveto pay at the cashier's
desk.
For many peopleshoppingis a nightmare:the crowds,the queues,walkingfrom shop to shopjust
for somethingthat matchestheir new outfit or for a specialbirthday present.The situationhas changed
greatlywith the establishingof huge shoppingcentersor shoppingmalls as they are calledin the USA.
Shoppinghasbecomea sort of entertainmentfor the whole family.Numerousdepartmentswith clothes,
shoes,perfume, furniture. electricalappliancesand to1,s:restaurantsand cafes;cinemasand discos;
children's playgroundsand sport centersprovide a family week-endunder one roof for all tastesand
wallets.
While speakingabout shopping,which some people call a wasteof time and money, we need
to say about ways of payment. You can pay either cash or by credit card. When you buy (or, more
formally,purchase)somethingin a shop.you usuallypay for it outrightbut sometimesyou buy on credit.
Sometimesyou may be offereda discountor a reduction.If you want to retllrn somethingthat you have
bought to a shop, vou may be given a refund, providedyou havea receipt.Never forget to check your
changeat the cashier'sdesk(till) and alwaysaskfor a guaranteeif it is an electricalappliance.
Follow thesesirnplerulesand shoppingcan becomea cure from stressand hectic lifestyle.
Sndy the vocabulary. Usethis vocabularyin your own sentences
a
a
o
a
a
a
Window-shopping- the activity of looking at things in shop windows but not buying anything
Window-shopper
Shopassistant- personwho sellgoodsin a shop
Trolley- a containeron wheelsthat you usefor carryingthingsin a supermarket
Shoppinglist - a list of thingsto buy
Sales- time when a shop sellsits goodsat lowerpricesthan usual
53
STUDENT CARI)
Givea 2-2.5 minute tslk on the topic"Shopping".
Rememberto soy:
Why peoplego to shopsand types of shopswe have
Advantagesof shoppingin big shoppingcenters
The processofbuying things
Your attitude to shopping
a
a
a
a
Answerthe question:Where do yor"rprefer to go shoppingand why?
c
WORD FORMATION
Usethe word given to form a word that fits each space
1. Shopping
1.
2.
-).
4.
5.
6.
l.
(decide). I ' m going to buy the blue one.
I've made my
(expense)
for me.
This dressis wonderful- but it's a little too
plaver
(use)l
I've broken mv new CD
and now it s
(serve)to do everythingfor them.
In the past, rich peopleoften had
(afford)pricesl
We offer top qualitl' products at
( t r u e ) .s o I c o m p l a i n e tdo t h e m a n a g e r .
The advertwas_
(value).
Pleasebe carefulwith that oaintine- it's extremelv
2. Not a computerwhiz-kid
I was_
(lazy)browsingthroughthe smalladsin the localnewspaper
whertI sawan
(advertise)lbr a second-handword
(process),soI decidedto givethem
(inform).I havea computerbut it doesn'treallyhavea
a nng to get more
(power) enough memory for the project I'm involved in at the moment. In most
(profess)it
(occupy)nowadays,it is becomingusefulto be 'computer-literate'but in my
(necessarv).
(please)
I must admit I do not eet much
hasbecomean absolute
out of sittine in front of a comnuterscreenfor hours. but I don't standmuch chanceof
(appoint)to seemy bargaincomputerthe
(promote)without computerskills.So I nradean _
next day.
3. Sunerlativevacuumcleaners
(exhaust)housework can be and sweepingthe carpetmust be
We all know how
(house)chores.We think we havecome Llp
(tire)of
one of the most
(solve)
with a
to back-breakingcarpetcleaning- ollr new rangeof stateof the art
(effect) answerto dust,
(clean)provide a quick and
vacuum
(inform)aboutour
howeverdeeplyingrained.We would be happyto sendyou
(describe)
vacuum
cleaners.
Our
leaflets
a
of the latest
new
contain comolete
(demonstrate)
of how they work why not to take up
models,and if you would like a
(oblige)to buy. Justsend
(try) offer todaywith no
our free
offthe fornrbelowor rine uson i01 213679now.
54
WRITING
O
tr'l
Argumentativecomposition
With the developmentof the Internet shoppingon-line has becomethe most convenientway of
purchasingthings.
What is your opinion on the on-line shopping?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
o
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
55
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss
AT THE DOCTOR'S
Peoplepay the doctorfor his trouble;
kindnessthey still remain in his debt
his
for
Lucius Seneca
One of the most valuableand important thing for a man is his health.A11of us try to saveit in
many ways we consider to be right. However, nobody can avoid S€€ug ! jOeIaI if he likes to be sure
every'thingis right with his health.
Peoplehavelots of reasonsto seetheir doctors.Chronic diseases
suchasheartdisease,high blood
pressure,diabetes,obesity,and ga11Qcl
do not developovernight and can in fact begin many yearsbefore
they're diagnosed.A tggdarcheabup is lesstroublesome,a suddenpain is more unpleasant.
If you feel it's time to take chargeof your health,the first thing to be done is to call to a clinic and
to schedulean appointmentwith a physician.
You shouldwait your time in the waiting room. When your name is calledyou can come in. First
of all, the doctor will askyour name to find your casehistory.The casehistory is a small book where all
your diseases,
conditionsand their symptoms,complicationsand treatmentare written. The doctor will
look thought it to refreshirrformationabout you. After it he will ask what the matter with you is. The
doctor will listen to you carefully,ask somequestionsand write down all in your casehistory.Then he
willexamineyou.
Usuallyyou should strip to the waist.The doctor will soundyour chest,take]iour pulse,testyour
blood pressure,and look at your tongue.If he is not sureyou areall right, he rnightaskyou to be x-rayed,
to haveyour blood and urine tested.
If you are all right, you may go home. ln casethe physicianhasdiagnosedsomethingwith you he
will prescribeyou a specialtreatment.It can includetakingpills.gettinginjections,havingphysiotherapy
or just having a rest.You also can get a medical certificate,which givesyon an oppoftunity to stay at
home for sometime insteadof working as usual(sick leave).
However.there are some caseswhen a physiciancan't help, and he asksyou to consult with
medicalspecialists- doctorswho havecompletedadvancededucationin a specificareaof medicine.
For example,if we haveproblemswith our heart or blood pressurewe go to a cardiologist,get a
specialtreatmentfor his heartor blood vessels
and havean electrocardiogram
done. If we haveproblems
with the skin, a dermatologistmust be able to help. He will adviseto do a skin test for the presenceof
disease,and delivera detailedchemicalanalysisof blood. If we haveproblemswith digestionorgans,
we go to a gastroenterologist,
who may appoint us to do an ultrasoundor X-rays. Neurologistsand
neuropathologistscan help people rvith diseasesof the llervoussystem.Mental disordersare treated
by a psychotherapist and a psyehdogls!. Problems witll bones are treated by a rliCumatslq€lil.
Ophthalmolo-eists
are nredicaldoctorswho specializein the diagnosisand treatmentof eye problems,
d i s e a s ea
s ,n d i n j u r i e s .
Oral health is important in any,age. Dgxtisjs provide plentl' of different servicesfrom qasnetiq
procedures(treatmentsused to straighten,ltghten, reshapeand repair teeth) and restorativecare to
extraction, S_row4s
and dental implants.
However. if your case is too serious,you require 24-hour nursing care or need a surgical
tnlcrveltjon, yoLlrphysiciarrwill adviseyou to be taken to the hospital.Patientswho are treatedat the
hospitalare calledinpatients.Thel'shouldbe in the hospitalallday fortlie periodthe doctorsaid.The
consultantnormally does a ward round once or twice per week. He visitseach inpatient to reviewthe
patient'sstatus.updatehis/herpersonalmedicalrecord,and discusscareplan. Nursesshouldperfbrm
l h i s o r t h a tt r e a t n r e l.l l
Nowadaysa lot of peopleareEuttingbackon healthcareexpenses
and are reluctantto seea doctor.
However,if diseases
are gaughtearl)',treatmentsare usulrllymuch more effective.Ultimately, havinga
regulardoctor'svisitwill helpyou livea lorrgand healthylife.
56
Answerthe questions:
What the signsof a healthyman do you know?
What can makeyou healthier?
What is your attitudeto smoking?
What argumentswould you chooseto convinceyour friendsnot to smokel
Why don't somepeopleget rid of bad habits?
What measurescan be takenagainsttaking drugs?
Which argumentsagainstdrinking alcohol seemmost convincingto you?
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
STUDENT CARI)
C
Givea 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic 'At the Doctor's".
Rememberto soy:
.
o
o
o
Why peopleshouldseedoctors
What physiciansdo while treating patients
What medicalspecialistsyou know
What you do to stay healthy
Answerthe question:Could you describeyour last visit to a doctor'l
VOCABUIARYEXERCISES
A
1. Fill in the blanks with the wordsgiven below
ambulance
complaints
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
8.
treatment toothache cough
throat hurts recover
stomachache
prescriptions
physician
here.
What is troubling you? lt
I want to havethis tooth filled
Ihaveabad
Hasn't anyoneadvisedyou to give up smoking?
You havea bad
will help my achingtooth. It hasto be pulled out.
I'm afraidno
soon.
. It will help you
You should follow the doctor's
got
your
a
cough.
and
?
I've
a
sore
What are
I'm afraid I won't be ableto helo vou. Let's call for the
? I've got a
May I make an appointmentwith the
2. Complete the sentencesusing the suggestedwords
bleeding
plaster
broken
healthy
earache
injured
dangerous
sore
fit
well
and frLrit
diet includeslots of vegetables
2. John is verv ill and won't so to schooluntil he is
s o t h e d o c t o rp u t i t i n p l a s t e lro r a m o n t l t .
3. Helen'slegwas
to
take
more
than 4 of thesetabletsin 24 hours.
4. It is
5. Georsehascut his hand and now it's
in the gym twice a week.
by doing exercises
6. David keeps
7. Edwardwalkedall dav in his new shoesand now his feet are
8. The bus crashedinto a tree,but luckil,vnobodywas
9 . Y o u s h o u l dp u t a
on that cut.
10. Little Jimmy wascrying becausehe had an
1
A
57
3. Fill in the blonlts with the necessarvwords
l.
The doctor
his patient very carefullyand
somemedicine.
2. The flu usuallybeginswith
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Let me checkyour
you mllst follow the doctor'sadvice.
If you want
This
is very good for cough
You haveall the
of the flu.
when shewas skiing
She caught
Your foreheadis hot, let me takeyour
4. Fill in the blanks with the wordsgiven below
prescription
waiting room
operation
ward
examine
pulse treatment
illnessappointment temperature
lungs
receptionist
symptoms
thermometer
chemist's
When I go to the doctor, I tell the
name and take a seat in the
. My doctor is very busy so I have to make an
first
go
what's
wrong with nre. I tell him the
beforeI
to seehim. He asksme
of my
, for examplehigh temperature,difficulty in breathing,or pains,and then he will
me. He will listen to mV
with his stethoscope.
usually
wrist
will
rny
to
feel
my
take
my
he
hold
, he'il
with his
The problem is usually quite simple and he might give me a
for some medicine. which I take to the
.Of course,if
I needsomeserious
. I'11haveto go to hospital.There I'll be put in a bed in a
with other people. If tl-rerewere somethingseriouslywrongwith me, I might
needan
WORD FORMATION
1. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
Stress
(anxieff) and sufferfrom stress.
In today's world people seem to be very
(harm) and peopleneedto seekmedical
This stressis often
(treat) in orderto recover.However.a more
(effect)solutionis for peopleto learn to
(vary)
can
relax.This
be achievedthroush a
of leisure
_
(active)such as sport, reading.music or evengardening.
(Emphasize)
is placeo
on people spendingtime doing things that they enjoy, ultimate aim being
(possible)and thereforeneed to
(relax). Unfortunately,some people find this
prescribed
(tranquil).They
by their doctor. Thesedrugs are called
take drugs
calm peopledown, but can be dangerousif takenfor iong periodsof time. Alternativemethodsare nruch
(safety)and haveno sideeffects.
58
2. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
Natural remediesthat reallv work
Just a few vearsago, most of us wouldn't considertaking echinaceaor another herb to cure a
(infect). Today many of us swear by the _
(heal)
cold or an
propertiesof these herbs.
(science)studiesprove that such natural remediesare
(grow)number of
entering the mainstreamof medicine. A
(physics)are now recommendingalternative
(treat) along with
(tradition)therapies.Of course,for your own good health. neverbeginan-v
(herb)or
(direct)of a medicalprofessional.To help you choose
vitamin therapywithout the
(wise).we haveselectedsomeremediesthat are backedup bv a
(stagger)amount of anecdotalevidence.So stock your shelveswith these simple cures and have a
(health)lifestyle.
3. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
Staying healthy
In today's hectic world people are always searching for more ways of keeping fit and
(health).
Running is an excellentexercisefor achievingthis goal. Beforeyou start, however,you should warm
(move)that makeall your muscleswork.But be carefull
uo andconcentrateon slow
(inure).
If you stretchwhen your musclesare cold, you might actr.rally
risk an
(comfort) clothing and make sure your
Always wear
(train) are in good shape.Wear good shoesthat will put less
lpress)on your
knees.
Stayinghealthyalsorequires
enoughsleep.lt's
(occasion)ok to go to bed
(regular)it will havea bad effect on your
late,but if you cut down on your sleep
(appear).Lack of sleepcan causeacne
overall health. It will also affect vour
or dry skin. Stayactiveduring the day if you don't get enoughexerciseduring the day, yolr may end up
(sleep)all night.
(heary) than you
Standing,sitting and walking badly can make you look
(straight)out your
really are. Stand in front of the mirror with your feet apart.
legs and pull in your stomach.Check that your ears,shoulders,hips and kneesare in line with each
other.You shouldbe feelineand lookine betteralreadv!
(pollute)level. If we got more freslr
Most of us live in citieswith a high
(attract). A quick walk is one of the
air. we would look healthier and more
(circulate) and looks. Walking slowly is
best things you can do for your
(use)but a quick pacegetsmore oxygeninto your lungs.So don't just go for a
pleasantwalk, try and find a greenareaand get
(move).
(guilt) about eating too much chocolates
Many young peopie feel
(addict) to it. However, there is
and
even
adrnit
and sweets,
some
an
(prove) to support this. But chocolate does contain a lot of fat, and
addictswould do better to eat less.If vour diet is balancedvou need not feel euiltv: eatins chocolate
(moderate)is fine but don't eat it insteadof a proper meal.
59
WRITING
+
PersonalLetter
Thisis apartof a letterfromAndrea,yourEnglishpenfriend
...Guesswhat! I'm going to havemy tooth out. It's awful! Have you ever had any teeth
out? Is it paiffil? My parents say I need to go to dentist at least twice a year but I'm really
afraid of doctorsand hospitalsand I don't understandthe necessityof going there if you have
no pain and aches. Wat do you think of it? Do you visityour dentist regularlyT
By the way,I'm goingtojoin a yoga class.
Writesoon.
Bestwishes,
Andrea
.
o
Writebackto Andreaanswering
herquestions.
Ask 3 questions
aboutheryogaclass.
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
Argumentativecomposition
It is believedthat youngpeopletoday ore not as healthy as they werefifty yeors ago.
What is your opinion? Do you agreeor disagree?
Wrire 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
o
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give I -2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusionrestatingvour opinion
60
Readthe text, Iearn the vocabularyand discuss
HEATTHY LIFESTYLEAND HEAIJTHYEATING
Tb insuregood heolth: eat lightly, breathedeeply,
Iive moderoIe 11,,,ulrrror, cheerfu lness,
and maintain an interestin life
William Londen
You hear a lot about living a health,vlifestyle,but what does that mean'l In general.a healthy
persondoesn'tsrnoke,is at a healthyweight,eatshealthilyand exercises.
Soundssimple,doesn'tit? The
trick to healthyliving is making smallchanges...walking,
addingfruit to your daily menu, havingan extra
glasso1-water...
thesearejust a few waysyou can startliving healthywithout drasticchanges.
First of all, you can regulateyour diel and exercise.Doing sportson a regularbasishasa number
of positiveeffects.It can reducethe risk of heartdisease,improvemood and reducesymptomsof anxiety
you loseweight,burn offcaloriesand tone up your muscles.
and depression.E-rercising
The next important part of a healthy lifestyle is abalanecdj[et. Peopletoday are probably more
concernedabout food than everbefore.Dieting (or being on a diet) doesn't mean that you should cut
all your favouritefoodscontainingfat or carbohydrates.
It just meanseatingsensibly.You needto get all
protein
types of substancesincluding t'at,
and carbohydratesand try to avoid too much tuk food.
To be healthy,peopleshouldgetrid of theirbad habits.It's necessary
to stopsmokingand drinking
alcohol. Everyoneshould rememberthal cigarettes,alcohol and drugs destroyboth body and brain.
Besidesaccordingto statisticsmost of crimesare committedby peopleunder the influenceof drugsand
alcohol.
It's alsoimportant to consult doctors regularly.practicegood h)'gieneand developpositiveattitude
to life. Keeping active way of life you can qapctry{h-itreis!
On the u,hole,we must rememberthat rnoderationin eatingand drinking, reasonablehours of
studying,regularityin exercise,recreationand rest and many other essentialslay the foundationsfot
good health and long lil'e.
STUDENT CARD
9
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Healthy Lifestyle and lleolthy Eating"
Rememberto soy:
.
.
.
To be healthy meansto havea happy life
Ifhealthy eatingis necessary
Ifavoiding bad habits is necessary
Answerthe questiou What do you personallydo to be healthy?
6l
WORD FORMATION
I. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using o suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets. Pay attention to
the useof negativeprefixes such as dis-, un-, im-, ir- etc
(popular)decision to ban
The British governmenthas decidedto take the
public
places.
people
(please)
smoking in a lot of
Though a lot of
find smoking
(health)and it coststhe state a lot to treat victims of
and though expertsall agreeit is
(deny)that many people get pleasurefrom the habit and find
smoking, it is also
(resist)when they are in company.
smoking
(possible)to deny the antisocialnature of the habit.
However. it is now
(effect)with many smokers,the government has now
As advertisinghas proved
(legal)in most public places.Smokerswho are
made smoking
(ability) to stop smoking may feel the new measlrresare unjust, but for the passivesmokersfrom whom a
(bear)they will come as a breathof freshair.
roomfull of smokeis
2. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
(pride)if her childrenwere round and slightly
In the past,any mother would be
(research)
gone.
fat. Those days are
have now reached the
(conclude)thattoo
muchfatandsugarinchildren'sdiets
area majorfactorinthe
(develop)of heart diseasesand other
(ill) when they are older. However, growing
(danger)
children need to eat a wide rangeof foods. and their health could be
(solve)is not to change
by cutting out particularones.Psychologists
saythat the
(care).so that childrendo not lose musclein addition to
eatinghabitstoo fast,but to do it
lat. Parentsshould presentfood a little
(different),spreadbutter thinl-v"
and avoid putting sLrgar
on the table. Children
(courage)
shouldalsobe
to takepart in sports:thiswav theywill be usingcalories
that they haveeaten.
o
WRITING
PersonalLetter
This is a part of a letterfrom Andl'.your Errglishpen friend.
...1'm starting tofeel really unfit! Do you exercisea lot? How often do you exercise?
Wat should I do to getfit? I'm thinking ofjoining a gym. Is thst a good idea? ll/hat elsecan
you recommend?
Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Andv
o
.
Writebackto Andy answering
hisquestions.
questions
abouthis summerholiday.
Ask 3
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
62
comPosition
Argumentative
of eating'
dietis theonll'healths'way
thata vegetarian
It is belieyed
diet?
Whatis youropinionon a vegetarian
Write200-250 words.
Usethe followingPIan
.
.
.
.
.
makean introduction.(statethe problem)
for youropinion
yourpersonalopinionandgive2-3 reasons
express
for thisopposingopinion
opiniorrandgive1-2 reasons
an upposi,rg
express
whyyou don't agreewith the opposingopinion
express
youropinion
restating
makea conclusion
63
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand dlscrss
EATINGOUT
A restaurantis a fantasv - a kind of livingfantosy
in which dinnersare the nrostimoortantmembersof the ca,st
WarnerLeRoy
Eating out has become a popular form of entertainment, which lots of us enjoy. In restaurants,
cafesand pubswe celebratedifferentimportant occasions.meet friends.havedatesor just go to eat if we
are bored with cooking at home. Sincegoingto other countriescan be quite expensive.dining in ethnic
restaurantscan alsobecomean alternativethat offersyou the opportunityto samplesomethingdifferent.
Ten yearsago, the only type of foreigncuisinethat was widely availablein our city was Chinese;
todayhoweverwehave@'ranging|romhotandspicyMexicanfoodtomuch
more delicateflaya$ of Japanesesushi.More of us eat out regularlyand we can get excellentfood in
- French,Indian. Italian.Greek.Russian,Japanese,
lotsof differentkindsof restaurants
and Chinese.
Traditional British and Irish pubs are very popr-rlarin our city as they servenot only excellenttypes of
beerbutgood mealsalgaad-pqe€saswell. Furthermore,someethnic restaurants
and pubsoffer different
forms of entertainmentlike live music and traditionaldancing.
ln restaurantsyou often havethreecourses:a stafier(e.g.soupor salad),a main course(e.g.steak
or chickenor fish). and a desse( (e.g.strawberries
or ice-creamor a pieceof cake).You may also have
gin
an aperitil(adrink beforethe meal.e.g.
and tonic). and coffeeafterthe meal.When you pay the bill
(AmEng check), you may alss_leaxe_alip(money for the waiter) if you are sa[is0crlwith the service.
you nlay alsoneedto book a
Usuallyl0 per cent of a bill is quite enough.If it is a popularrestaurant,
table in advance.
Last time I went to the restaurantwas last week. My parentsand I celebratedour small family
occasionso we went to the restaurantthat serryes
Mexicanfood. It wasa good idea.The food wasof very
high quality - hot and spicybut not greasy.The servicewasefficientand friendly.There wasa Mexican
band playing for part of the eveningso the atmospherewas lively.The only disadvantage
of the place
wasthe absenceof the placetbr non-smokersr.vhichwasstrangebecausenon-smokingpolicy in public
placesis spreadingreall.vrapidly.Still, it wasa good night out and excellentvaluefor money.
Study the vocabulary:
o
.
.
o
.
o
.
An expensiveevening.but it wascertainlyworth it.
The servicewasquick.
The placewaswav overpriced/ olerrated.
Allthe food is homemade.
Only the freshestingredientsare used.
The servicewasfriendl-vand unhurried.
I gaspedwhen I took the iook at the bill.
64
STUDENT CARI)
O
Givea 2-2.5 minutetalk on thetopic"Eatingout".
Rememberto say:
.
r
.
.
Whypeopleeatout
Whereyou caneatout
The procedurein a restaurant
Yourlast visit to the restaurant
Whatarethe popularplacesfor eatingout in your city?Why?
Answerthequestion:
VOCABUI"ARYEXERCISES
I. Put each ofthe following wordsor phrasesin its correctplace in thepassage
eat out
fast food
recipe
take-away waiter snack
cookerybooks menu
dish
bill
ingredients
tip
[,materriblecook.I'vetriedhardbutit'snouse.I'vegotlotsof(a)-,Ichoosea
(b)
Iwanttocook,Ireadthe(c)IpreparealltheneceSSary(d)-and
follow the instructions.But the result is terrible, and I just have a sandwichor some other quick (e)
I don't like grand restaurants.It's not the expense;it's just that
. So I often (f)_.
givesme a (h) _
which I can't understand
I don't feel at easein them. First the (g) _
words.
when
I pay the (D _
At
the
end
of
the
meal
has
lots
of
foreign
becauseit's complicatedand
places,like hamburger shops
I prefer (k) _
I never know how much to leave as a (i)
places,where you buy
where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway.And I like (l)
take
it
home.
meal
in
a
special
container
and
a
2. Put each of thefollowing words or phrases in its correct place in the passage
snack
chefs
recrpes
saucepans
meal
raw
ingredients
dishes
cooker
dairy
. These books are full of
Cookery books are usually written by famous (a)
(b)
. They usually tell you what (d)
, telling you how to cook different (c)
you needfirst.Thesemight be (e)
meat,vegetables,
or (f)
productslike milk and butter.Then, they tell you what equipmentyou need,such as (g)
on, you jr-rstfollow
or bowls. When you've got everyhing, and you've turned the (h)
orjusta o
the instructionsin the book. Anybody can cookl Whether it's a complete(i)
, all you haveto do is follow the adviceof an expert.[t's easywith the right book.
o
WORD FORMATION
1. Completethe sentenceswith the correctform of the word in bold
The origin of the potato crisps
(invent)of George Crum, in 1853.He worked as a
The potatocrisp was the
(custom)decidedthat he didn't like the
chef at a popular resortin the USA. One dav a
(thick)of his fried potatoes,and sentthem backto the kitchen.Crum madesomemore,
(complain).Crum
(turn)theseaswell, makingthe same
but the man
65
got angry and, hoping to annoy the man, he made a third batch which were much
(thin) and could not be eatenwith a fork. To his
(amaze)the man lovedthem - and so
potatocrispswereinvented.Sincethen. their
(popular)hasincreased
(drama),ar,d they are eatenall over the world. But GeorgeCrum was
(aware)at the
time that his inventionwould causesreat
(confuse)in the futurebetweenthe Americans
(who call them chips)and the British(who call them crisps).
2. Completethe sentenceswith the coruectform of the word in bold
Coffeehouses
coffee houses are a
(special) of viennese rite. Each one serves a nuge
_
(select)of exotic coffees,so you should consultthe menu. The most popular coffee
is Brauner,which is
(similarity)to espresso.The waitersare
(extreme)
polite and must be spokento
(respect).Most regularsit for hours overone cup of coffee
and do not feel obligedto order further
(refresh).
Tourists often cause
(annoy) and are seen as
(invade)who try to
strike up conversations.
The viennesedo not go to coffeehousesto be
(social)lthey
go to be seenin public. [Jpon leaving,it isn'l
(necessity)
to leavea very largetip.
The
(knowledge)
coffeedrinker r,rsually
roundsthe bill up to the nearestschilling.
WRITING
PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfrom Susie,yourEnglishpenfriend.
...4s you are going to visit us soon I'd like to know what kind offood yoa prefer. lVhat
do you think offastfood like McDonald's? Do you think you could cook ussomenational dish
for us?
I hsve tofinish now. Tomoruowmy psrents are coming home after their holidays and
I have to clean theflat...
Write back to Susie.
ln your letter
.
o
a n s w e ar l l h e r q u e s t i o n s .
ask 3 questionsabout her parents'holidaytrip
Write 100-140 words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritiug.
66
GUIDED WRITING
O
you add?
1) Read the srguments about FastFood Restaurants.fl/hat can
A Usethe cuesto write your composition
For:
The serviceis quick and you don't haveto wait'
The food is cheap,especiallyfor young people'
so you know what to expect'
They are the sameever)ryvhere,
The restallrantsareusuallycleanand the waiterswear specialuniforms'
it savesa lot of time for busy
They do their best to attract children. they organizepartiesand
.
.
o
o
.
Parents.
a
a
Against:
o
.
.
The food containsa lot of fat and all is placedin a bun that is unhealthy.
You don't reallysit down to eat.
you enjoy or get used to'
The food is the-sameeverlrvhereyou can't order the dishes
a
a
Argumentative comPosition
cities'
More and morefast.foodrestaurantsore being openedin modern
What is your opinion on fast food restaurants?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following Plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
your opinion
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasotrsfor
opposingopinion
this
for
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasons
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
67
Read the text, learn the vocabula4, and discuss
ENTERTAINMENT
AND LEISUREACTIVITIES
I would rother enterlain and hope that peoplelearnedsornething
than educutepeopleand hope the_vwereentertained
Walt Disnev
Our world would be hard without rest and recreation.Peoplehave quite different ideasof how to
spend their free time. For some of them the onl-vway to relax is watching TV or surfing the Net, others
use their sparetime getting maximum benefit from it. It you enjoy doing some activity in your free time,
then you havea hobby.A hobby is a kind ofself-expression
and the wav to understandother peopleand
the whole world.
Lots ofpeople find goingto the cinemaone of the bestwaysof spendingtheir leisuretime. There is
no doubt that a visit to the cinema is excellententertainment,and quite cheap.You can alwaysfind a film
you like among horror films, thrillers,westernsor comedies.Despitethe fact that video production has
floodedthe market,cinemahouseshaven'tbecomelesspopular.Thanksto new equipmentthat provides
an excellentquality of picture and sound,modern cinemasattracta lot of people.
Watchingtelevisionis anotherpopular form of entertainment.Televisionsatisfiesthe interestsof
many people due to the variety of TV programs:featureand documentaryfilms, sitcoms,news, sport
gamesand so on. Unfortunately,a many peoplewatchtoo much TV and may be calledcouch potatoes
(the onessitting in comfortablechairs,munching on potato chips,watchingprogramson T\r1
The new lifestylebrought about greatchangesin the theatre.We are to admit that theatreis not
as popular now as it usedto be. However.quite a lot of peopleconsiderit to be one of the most popular
forms of entertainment.Living in SaintPetersbLrrg
of its theatreland.There
]-oucan reallytakeadvantage
are drama theatres,opera houses,comedv theatres,where the audienceis excitedby the prospectof
seeinga play and its favounteactors.Puppettheatresaregreatfor kids.
Other popular forms of entertainmentand spendingleisuretime are...
As for me, I can't say I havea lot of freetime for entertainment.However,wheneverI get some,
I do my best to have as much fun as possible.Most of all I like hanging out with my frierrds.If someone
suggestsgeMg_e-uI,I alwaysagree.The next thing I adore is having my friends over. We play computer
games,chat, listen to music, dance and have fun. One more thing I like doing is to eat out. [n recent
yearsgoing out for a meal or having takeawa)'meals has become popular. Unfortunately,it is quite
expensiveand I haveto asknty parentsfor somepocketmoney.
o
STUDENT CARD
Give a 2-2.5 minute tolk on the topic "Entertuinment and Leisure Activities".
Rememberto soy:
.
.
o
How differentpeoplespendtheir free time
What types of entertainmentyou know
How you usuallyspendyour leisuretime and why
Answerthe questions:
.
Do you prefergoing to the cinemaor u'atchinga video at home?Why?
o Wlrat are the most popular (or the most fashionable)fornis of entertainmelttamong teensin
Russia?
68
?
YOCABULARY
Study the vocabularyconnectedwith differentforms of entertainment
Literature:novel,short story,chapter,poetry,sciencefiction ...
'couch potato'...
Television:remote control, satellitedish,
\?es of programs: news broadcasts,commercials,documentaries,quizzes,political debates,chat
shows,sitcoms,sportsprograms,soapoperas,series,wildlife films, cartoons...
People:announcer,director,cameraman,reporter,producer,playlvright,poet, novelist,author...
Music: concert, opera, ballet, band, choir, record, headphones,composer,conductor, songwriter,a
pieceof music
Theatre:performance,play, cast, drama, stage,rehearsal,costumes,dramatist,review,first night, a
playbill
+
WORD FORMATION
Complete the sentenceswith the cowectform of the word given in brackets
1. SnowWhite and the SevenDwarfs
(react)to the Disney film 'Snow White and the SevenDwarfs' when it
(ordinary).Tt wasreceivedwith great
(excite)
was first shown in 1937was
popular
(through)
world.
the
Good
advertising
and it immediatelybecameenormously
(world) popularity; the film and its characters
was not the only reason for this
(imagine)of peopleall overthe world like no film beforeit. In Britain, there
capturedthe
(day) newspaperarticlesabout the film and how it was made. Snow Wite toys
were
(sell)everlrvhere.Somepeoplethought that it might be
and books were on
(upset)for childrenbut most peoplesawit as
(harm) entertainment.Since 1937,it has been re-issuedeveryfew years,giving
Public
(enjoy)to manygenerations
of children.
2. Realityshows
(real) showsare very popular. Why are we so interestedin
(relation) and in the
(argue)ofordinary people?It's becausethey arejust
the
(feel)towardsthe people we live and work with. Often, we find it
like us. We all havestrons
(advise)onanyprobiemswearehaving'Bywatchingthe-(decide)
hard to get
(know)about how peoplereactto stressfulsituations.lt's
they make on our screens,we gain
(succeed)
almostlikea-(psychology)experiment.Wecanseewhentheyare
Lovethemor hatethem.
andmakethesituationworse.This_
(entertain).
morethan iust
(inform)helpsusin our ownlives.As always,
TV is much
3. Busking
Street
(perform),or'buskers',help makeany city centrea placeof
(employ)peoplejuggling.playingthe
(entertain).In any major city. you can find young.
(suit) placeto perform and a
guitar or evendoing magic tricks for money.All they need is a
(approve)of busking.but most peopleagreethat it's an
good crowd. Some peoplemight
(enjoy)breakto havean
(expect)showwhen you're out shopping.
(able)to afford a luxury trip around the world, busk in order
Someyoung people,
(luck), a few hours
(comfort),but it's cheap.Unlessyou are
to travel.It's _
(advantage)is that you need to have some talent or you
playing will pay for a bed. The
might go hungryl
69
4. Complete the sentenceswith the correctform of the word given in bruckets
(amuse)arcade.
a) Shespendstoo much moneyplayinggamesin the
(fun).
b) My friendsthink that men who knit are hilariously
-(enjoy)hobbiesis playinga musicalinstrument.
c) One of my most
d)Itisso--(please)tolieonthebeachdoingabsolutelynothing.
(laugh)coming from the flat downstairs.
e) We could hear loud
(photograph)
askedus to smile at the camera.
D The
(humour)stories.
g) He kept the childrenamusedwith his
(delightful)her readers.
h) Her new noveIis sureto
(peace)to sit by the seaand watchdolphinsplaying
i) It is so
j t My ideaof a total
(happy)is a shoppingtrip to Milan.
+
WRITING
PersonalLetter
Thisis a partof a letterfromAndrea.your Englishpenfriend
...Guesswhat! I'm ill with the chickenpoxand the doctor saysI have to stay in bedfor at leasl
the next two weeks.It's awful! Have you ever stayed in bedfor so long becauseyou were ill? lYhat cun
I dofor two weeksin bed? I'm going to misssucha lot of schoolwork, too. How will I manage to catch
up? By the way,my parents are coming backfrom lapan.
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Andrea
o
.
Writebackto Andreaanswering
her questions.
Ask 3 questions
aboutherparents'trip.
Write 100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
Argumentativecomposition
Realityshowsare goining moreand morepopularitl,with teenogers.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
.
makean introduction.(statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give I -2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
makea conclusionrestatingyoLrropiniorr
70
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss
GLOBAT PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD
Human use,population,ond technologyhavereached
that ceftain stagewheremother Earth no longeracceptsour presencewith silence
Dalai Lama XIV
Nowadaysthe humanityfacesa greatnumberof variousproblems.The scientificand technological
progresshas changedthe life on our planet and as a result our natural resourcesare exhausted,the
ecologicalbalanceof the planet is disturbed,many speciesof flora and fauna disappeared,pollution
threatensever!'thingalive.But the environmentalproblemsare not the only ones.Everyyearthousands
of people die becauseof wars of annihilation, terrorism, different diseases,natural disasters,social
problemsand in different terrible accidents.
Our environmentis vitally connectedwith the problem of peaceon our planet. The scientists
considerthat nuclearwar could destroymankind completely.It's true to saythat nowadaysgreatmasses
of chemicaland bacteriologicalweaponshavebeenstockedin the world. If any of theseweaponsis used,
the casualtieswill run into tensof millions. becausemankind has no immunity againstbacteriological
weapons,and the useof chemicalweaponswill resultin masscontaminationof the area.
In recentyearsterrorismhasbecomea seriousissue.Peoplealwayspanic about the possibilityof
terroristsgettinghold of nuclearweaponsor they may blow up a nuclearpower stationinstead.Another
worry is about the possibilityof our watersuppliesbeingpoisoned.Latelyother forms of terrorismsuch
as "suicideterrorism" and bombing havebecomea real threat. Everyoneremembersthe tragedywhich
happenedon the 1I th of Septemberin the USA when terroristshijackedtwo planesand crashedthem
into two buildings in New York. Unfoftunately, there is little we can do about it, except.place our faith
in the government,and hope that measurestakento preventterrorismare successful.
There are also diseasesthat still can't be cured. One of them is AIDS. This devastatingdisease
strikesthe body's immune system.Millions of people have alreadydied of AIDS. To overcomethis
problem we need further progressof scienceand personalresponsibility.Other examplesof incurable
are differentforms of cancerand heartdisorders.
diseases
They saythat recentextremeweatheris due to globalwarming.Bad weatherthreatensour homes
and evenour life. One of the worst weatherhazardsis the storm known as a hurricaneor cyclone(the
combinationof enormouswind speed,heary rainfallsand high seas).Another terriblething is a tornado.
Tornadoesareblack,twistingcloudsthat suddenlyappearfrom nowhere,travelat terrifyingspeed,move
in unpredictableways and causecatastrophicdamagein seconds.It's extremelydifficult to forecast
wherethey are likely to strike.Peoplealsosufferfrom earthquakes(a suddenshakingmovementsof the
ground), floods (when water coversthe land), drought (a long period of time when there is little or no
(a largeamount of snowand ice that suddenlyfallsdown a mountain;
rain and cropsdie) and avalanches
a largeamount of substancethat fallsdown somewhere:an avalancheof rock/stones/mud).
To sum up, I think that the most dangerousproblem is naturaldisastersbecausewe can't predict
and avoid them in time.
As for the ecologicalsituation in the world, we can saythat it's gettingworse. Peoplecut down
forestsand rainforests,pollute air. water and soil, so rare plant and animal speciesdisappearand the
climate changes.We have the time, the money and eventhe technologyto repair the damage.All we
if only the governntenthires
needto do is to open ollr eyesand act immediatel-v.We can pleycnl-Itagg-dies
who don't overlookhuman or computererrors,look afterthe buildings,roadsand
responsiblespecialists
transport,keepnatureunder a strongcontrol and developan ability to resistany terroristactivity.
71
}
STUDENT CARI)
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Global Problemsof the World".
Rememberto say:
o
r
o
What global problemsof the world are and what causesthem
What natural disastersyou know
The measureswhich shouldbe doneto survive
Answerthe question:What is the most seriousproblem of the world in your opinion and why?
A
VOCABULARYEXERCISE
Fill in the gaps in thefollowing sentenceswith un appropriate wordfrom the box
floods
emergency
earthquake
refugees
[amine
aid
drought
charity
disease
injuries
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The crops have failed again and
is widespread.
The latestSan Francisco
measured
4.5on the fuchterscale.
In caseof
breakthe glassand push the button.
Half a million
havenow crossedthe border in an attemptto find food.
I nevergiveto
I think it shouldbe the government'sresponsibility.
The presentgovernmenthasgiven more in
to needy countries than any
other in living memory.
7. Many children have sufferedterrible
as a result of the fighting.
8. A new
has been discoveredwhich causespartial blindnessand skin
problems.
9. There hasbeena
in certain parts of the country due to the lack of rain.
10. There has been so much rain that some rivers have burst their banks and there have
been
WORD FORMATION
A
1. Fill in the gaps in thefollowing sentenceswith the correctform of the words in brackets
l. The
of the ozone layer is one of the worst things that has happened.
(destroy)
2. If we don'tsendfood.therewill be
on a massivescale.(starve)
3. We needto find a
to the problem beforethingsget seriouslyout of
4.
5.
6.
l.
hand. (solve)
It is shockingthat ten per centof the populationlive belowthe
line.(poor)
Someof the most beautifulIndian tisersare facins
. (extinct)
If the
(pollute)getsany worse,I'm goingto move to the country
I believethe
of the planet is worth fighting for. (survive)
72
2. FiA in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable fornt of the wordsgiven in brackets
It is t-to exaggerationto say that the world has become a global village. Modern methods
(communicate)havemade the world much smallerand the problemswe face
of
(destroy)of
(pollute)are not restrictedto one country.The
suchas
problem
(stane)
which
is common
in
the
the rainforests Brazil is evervone's
and
(extinct)of rare species
irr many African countriesis a challerrgefor Europetoo. The
(exhaust)of oil supplieswill shakethe
is a tragedyfor the planet as a whole and the
(protect) of the environment
(found)of the world's economy.The
poor.
is the responsibilityof all nations, rich and
However,uncontrolled economic
(create)of greatinequalitybetween
(compete)between
strongand weaknationsleadsto
the rich and poor nationsof the world.
3. Complete thefollowing text with the correct words derivedfrom the words in bold
(devastate)yesterdayafter hurricane
The islandof Madagascarwasin a stateof total I )
Geraldawreckedmillions of dollarswofth of land and propertyovertwo-day period.
(torrent) rain and winds of up to 350 km per hour. Seventy
The island was lashedbv 2)
(home). ln the city of Toamasinaalone,
people were killed and 500.000were left 3)
(commerce)port of the island was almost
80,000people lost their homes.The main 4)
(flood). There were 6)
5)
destroved
and70 Dercentof the island'sfarmlandwascomDletelv
(heartbreak)scenesaspeoplereturnedto the ruins that wereonce their homes.
Hurricanes gather speedand strengthover water, and Geralda traveledover a large areaof water
beforeit hit the island of Madagascar.This is part of the reasonwh;r the storm struck so 7)
(severe).
o
WRITING
Argumentativecomposition
Scientificprogresscon't be made v'ithoutperfonningexperimentson animals.
What is your opinion?Do you think it is necessaryto perform experimentson animals?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and gil'e 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
makea conclusionrestatinsvour ooinion
1a
/)
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss
SCIENTIFICAND TECHNOLOGICALPROGRESS
Tbchnologicalprogressis like an axe in the hands of o pathologicalcriminal
Albert Einstein
It is impossibleto overestimate
the role of scienceand technologyin our 1ife.We can't imagineour
contemporarylife without telephonesand cars,computersand many other devicescreatedor modified
by science.Now we live in the information era when the computer network embracesthe globe and
connectsnot only the countriesand spacestationsbut also a lot of people all over the world. New
technologiesare beingwidely developedand usedin differentspheresof life.
There is, however,another part of the story, less obvious and lesswell known, but far more
important. It is a story of expandingintellectualhorizons- the impact of scienceon the mind of a man.
Fundamentally,scienceis an intellectualenterprise,an attemptto understandthe world in a particular
way.All the developmentsmentionedaboveare but the results,the outcomesof this intellectualactivity.
Scientistsinvestigatethe lawsof the universe,discoverthe secretsof nature,and apply their knowledge
in practiceimprovingthe life of people.
However,every medal has its reverse.Nowadayswe realizetl-iatthe rapid scientificprogresshas
arouseda number of global problems:ecologicalproblems,the safetyof people and nuclear power
stationsand the nuclearwar threat.Suchinvenlionsas nuclearweaponsand ballisticmissilesmadewars
of annihilationpossible.
A lot of peopleare surethat scientificand technologicalprogressthreatensnature.Differentkinds
pollution,
holes in the ozone layer, acid rains and greenhouseeffect are the result of it. A lot of
of
inventionsare harmful for our environmentand the future of our generation.If we don't think about the
solntiorrto theseproblems.u'e'll ruin the placeof our habitatver-vsoolt.
I think that by meansof scienceit is possibleto find harmlesstechnolog_ies,
usepurifying systems,
produce environmentallyfriendly productsand developalternativesourcesof energy.But solutionsto
theseproblemsneedgreatinvestmentinto science.
(..)
STUDENT CARI)
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Scientific and TeclmologicalProgress".
Rememberto talk about:
a
a
a
The role of scientificand technologicalprogressin our life
Iftechnological progressthreatensnature and people
What can be doneto find the right balancebetweenthe technologicalprogressand the safetyof life
Answerthequestion'Canvort think of an)4hil.l-s
vou would hke to seeinventedthat will rnakeyour life
easier?
Do you know that there ore many Nobel Prize winnersomong Russiunscientists?
.
Ivan Pavlov(the Nobel Prizefor medicinein 1904)
.
Ilya Mechnikov(the Nobel Prizefor chenristrl,in 1908)
r
(the Nobel Prizefbr chentistr-v
Nikolai Sem-vonor'
inl95tr)
.
Ilya Frank.P.Cherenkov.
I. Tamm (the Nobel Prizefbrphr,sicsin 195ii)
.
Lev Landau(the Nobel Prizefor ph-vsics
in 1962)
o PeterKapitsa(the Nobel Prizeforwork in magnctisnr
physics,1978)
and lou'-temperatllre
Canyou add more names?
/+
WORD FORMATION
O
Form a word thatfits eochgap
A technologicalnightmare
(dread)weekendlast month. In forly-eight hours, almost every_
I had a really_
(electric) appliance in the house broke down. The computer was first. A messageappeared saying
'Disk_
(fail) and I just had to switch it off and call the_
(technical) for help. Next was the
(explode)and when I went to check,the laundry
washingmachine.I hearda terriblenoiselike an _
(plug)the machinejust beforeit caughtfire. _
(believe)as
was full of smoke.I managedto _
(frost) itself for no reasonand
it may seem,the fridge stoppedworking the sameday. It startedto _
(nerve)wreck, so I decidedto lie down
there was water all over the kitchen floor. By then I wasa _
(sleep)when my electric toothbrush startedbuzzing
(loud).
for a while. I wasjust falling
Somehowit had switcheditselfon!
WRITING
O
Personall,etter
This is aparl of a letterfrom Mark, your English-speaking
friend, who writes:
...Yesterdaythere wassomethingwrong with my computer! It was awful! Now I understand
how addicted I am to all theseelectrical appliances...How ofien do you useyour computer? Do you
only useit to chot on the Net? Do you havea digitol comera?
Soon my parents are going to bay me a new iPod...
o
o
Writebackto Mark answering
his questions.
Ask 3 questions
abouthis newiPod.
Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine
Argumentativecomposition
It is widely believedthat we rely too much on machines,and that the more technologyimproves,the
lazier ond weakerhumans will become.
What is your opinion on this problem?Do you agreeor disagree?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposing opinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
make a conclusion restatingyour opinion
75
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss
MASS MEDIAIN THE MODERNWORLD
Mass media bombardpeoplewith sensotion.That substitutesJbr thinking
Ray Bradbury
Mass media is communication- whether written, broadcast,or spoken- that reachesa large
audience.This includes television,radio, advertising,movies, the Internet, newspapers,magazines,
and films. Mass media is a significant force in modern culture. Modern media not only reflects but
also createsthe cultr.rre.The generalpublic typically relieson the massmedia to provide information
regardingpolitical issues,social issues,entertainment,and news. Media messagespromote not only
productsand news,but moods,attitudes,and a senseof what is and is not important.Massmedia makes
possiblethe concept of celebrity:without the ability of movies.magazines,and news media to reach
acrossthousandsof miles,peoplecould not becomefamous.
The mass media has evolved significantly over time. The newspaperwas the original platform
for massmedia. For a long period of time. the pr-rblicrelied on writers and journalistsfor newspapers
to providethem with the latestnewsin current events.Peoplestill read papersto know the latestnews.
Nowadayswe can saythat broadsheetneu'spapers
are seeinga seriousqlropin circulationwhile tabloid
newspapersare in no danger of dlzingout. Bold headlines,appealingphotos, low prices and colour
supplementsmake tabloidsthe perfectchoicefor millions seekingsolneescapefrom real life.
Televisionis the most effectiveplatform to reachthe generalpublic Programming is increasingly
divcrse with shows almet_ts_plcaseall ages, incomes, backgrounds. and attitudes. This wrdesprgad
availabilitlzand exposuremakestelevisionthe primary focusof most massmedia discussions.
Teenagers
are watchinglessTV becauseof the serviceswhich allow them to watch a programwhen they want. If
they watchTVthey preferprogramscoming on in seasons.
seriesor football matches,for example.Mass
plays
public;
media also
a critical role in educatingthe
there are many educationaltelevisionstations
that you could learn from, like National GeographicChannel, DiscoveryChannel, and the History
C h a n n e l t, o n a m ea f e w .
Today, the Internet is the most relevantform of massmedia and has becomea major tool for
news outlets. Since the evolutionof the Internet, the generalpublic is now able to accessthose same
newsoutletsin an instantwith just a click of a mouse,insteadof havingto wait for scheduledprograms.
Everybodycan easilyget sonleaccessto the Net. be it at school,work or home. On the Net peoplecan
find tlie information for a variety of topics. get the latest news and do the shoppingwithout leaving
home. Internetmediaprovidemany massmediaservices,
suchas email,websites,
blogs.and Internelbasedradio and television.The Internetalsoplal'san essentialrole in educatingthe generalpublic. With
the information on the Internet, one could learn anythingfrom somethingas simple as how to tie a tie,
to the more complexlike how to build a computer.Most teenagersare [eavity activeon a c
Ol social networking sites.Email communicationand social networkshave become one of the most
popular waysof keepingin touch as one can interactwith friendson a wide scale.
In many cases,the massmedia is the only sourcethat the generalpublic relieson for news.Many
pcople say 'l believeit becauseit hasbeerrreportedon TV'. Unfor-tunatel-v.
rnediadoes not alwaysuse
its power responsibly.The media hasa lot of powerand it doesn't alwal'sappreciatethe extentto which
it can affectthings.Tlrrough massmedia, ne\\'soutletshavea major influenceon the generalpublic and
a tx4iorllpael llt the public's opinion on certaintopics, especiallyin politics and business.Public or
officialgovernmentopinion quite often doesn'tstimulatecreativethinking and makespeopledependent
by others.Now with things like Twitter peoplecan spreadthe news,but it does
on the viewsexpressed
run the risk that it's not alwayscorrect.So to be responsiblemassmedia consumerswe sliould get the
informationfrom differentsourcesand be critical of what we hear and read.
76
c
STUDENT CARD
Givea 2-2.5 minutetalk on thetopic"MassMedia in theModern World".
Rememberto sa)':
. Abouttheroleof massmediain modernlife
. Aboutdifferenttpes of massmedia
o Whatthepositiveeffectsof massmediaare
o Whatthenegative
effectsof massmediaare
Answerthe question:Where do you prefer to get infonnation from? Why?
<>
WORD FORMATION
1. Read the text below. Usethe word given in brackets toform u word thatfts the gap
Internet: how it affects us
(value)functions of the Internet is its
One of the most
(information) function.The internet keepspeopleinfornred about current events,as well as about the
(achieve)in scienceand culture. You can even find out
(late)
(ground)stationto the houseof your girlfriend, who has
how to passfrom the
(recent)movedto London
(distance)
Recentlythe systemof
learnirrghasbeconre
(popularize).
You can studyforeignianguages
and evenstudyin universities.Individual
(educate)program can be developed
(especial)for you.
(wide)used in business.Thanks to the Internet we have
The Internet is also
(connect)with partners liom all corners of the world. You can even
rapid
(negotiate),hear and seeyour contacts,and
(change)
conduct
graphicand textualinformation.
2. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the words in bold
The Internet
(communicate)as we know it. From education to
The Internet has chansed
(technology)advancehasaffected
(practical)
, (advertise)this neu'
everyaspectof our lives.Magazines,newspapersand evenbooks are on-line and can be read on the
(inform) on any topic - the _
(possible)are
computer.You can find
(end).The Internetcan
(instant)connect yoll to other computers,allowing you to cliat
with peopleall overthe world.It's actualll'ver)'easv
to learnhou,to usethe s)/stem,
and onceyou'reou(develop)
line, you'll neverwant to turn the computer off. The
of
technology
hascome
such
_
(amaze)electronicdeliceshavechangedmany people'slivesforever.
a long way. These
77
3. Read the text below. Usethe wordgiven in bracketstoform a word thatfits the gop
On the box
What do you needto becomea
(success)TV personality?The people
who are usually chosento host TV quiz showsand chat showsseemto have a few
(qualify) for the job apart from having an
(attract) appearance:in the case of
women, this means being blonde and
(beauty).A certain level of intelligenceand
(essence)but most peoplewho work in the media do not seemto
educationis
(talent) in any other respects.The sad thing is that TV personalitieshave
be very
(power) influence on viewers and it is
(nature)for
a
(late) fashion and
young viewersto admire thesecharmingpeople,wearingthe
alwayssmiling. However,today'syouth desene
(good)role modelsthan these.
WRITING
}
Argumentativecomposition
The Intemet has more drowbacksthan advantages.
What is your opinion on the Internet as a sourceof information?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction.(statethe problern)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
makea conclusionrestatinsvour oninion
78
Read the text, learn the vocabulsryand discuss
EAMILY REIATIONS
In everyconceivablemanner,
thefamily is link to our post, bridge to ourfuture.
Alex Haley
As soonasthe man stepsin this world, the first individualshe comesacrossarehis family members.
The first personis the mother who hastakengreatpain to bring him to this world. Then is the fatherwho
is alwaysthereto carefor him. Then come the siblings.
r.rsually
referto a family consistingof mother. fatherand their children as a nuclear
Psychologists
family. An extendedfamily includesaunts,uncles,nephews,cousins,nieces,grandparents,daughtersand sons-in law and other relatives.Familiesthat include either a mother or a father but not both are
calledone-parentor singleparentfamilies.Most single-parentfamiliesare the resultof divorce.
'a
The word family hasmultiple meaningsin dictionary.It is socialunit living together'or'parents
and their children as a group, whetherdwellingtogetheror not'. [n a broaderterm, distant relativescan
alsobe addedto this group. However,it is much more than that. Family is the first learningplaceof an
individual in this world. Startingfrom childhood until old age,he learnsever)'thingfrom his family. He
learnshow to love, how to behave,how to come alongin life, all from his family. This developsa sort of
affection among all family members.They are alwaysthere to help each other.
The family systemworks like a chain. Youngerpeoplelearn from elderswhile eldersdependon
their kidsfor a lot of things.When kidsgrow up, get marriedand havetheir own children,the whole cycle
is repeatedagain.Family memberswill alwayscome to yoLlrrescuewheneveryou needthem. You can
alwaysshareyour problemswith your family and you alwaysfind a better solution for your problemsafter
a discussionin the house.We can't makeit out without our family in life. When you are disappointedor
confusedby the outsideworld, your family is alwaysthereto fall back on.
Youngerpeoplethesedaysoften considerfamily a burdenoverthemselves
and try to get awayfrom
them. They actuallyfail to realizethat family is the group that hasmadethem so strongto facethe world
without any help.
Unfortunately, the contemporary habits of socializationand work have preventedus from living
in a harmonious family relationship.There are severalthings that individuals, especiallyyoung adults,
can do to solvethis problem. Firstly, giving more priority to family life is essentialfor working parents
to havea good relationshipwith their children.Parentsshould fosterthe bond betweensiblings,as well
asbetweeneachparentand child. Secondly,no matterhow busythey are, young working adultsshould
contact and visit their parents.Sometimes,evenjust a simple phone call can be enoughfor parentsto
feel that you love them. Finally, ability to cornpromiseou areasof disagreementis essentialin a family.
There must be open honest communication about everl'thing. Peopleliving together should be palicn!,
understanding,careful,tenderand devotedto eachother and iravea good senseof humour.
Parentsfeel great affection for their children and try to bring them up in a proper wa]r.There
are differentopinions on how children should be treatedif they disobeytheirparents,break the rules,
and don't keep their words or promises.Most people think that parentsshould be patient, kind and
understanding.They should remembertheir own sreen years.The rules and children's behavior are
discussedin suchfamilies.Othersbelievethat childrenought to obeytheir parentsin any situationand if
principleswon't do a lot of good. The
they don't, they shouldbe punished.From my point of view.sr-rch
cruelty ar-rdlies.So, being an ideal parent is a very delicate
fear of punishmentmay lead to selfishness,
task demandingtact, patienceand diligence.
It is necessaryto mention that in a caseof divorce people should think first of all about their
children,otherwiseit can causeunpredictableconsequences.
It would be a mistaketo think that a happyfamily doesn'tfaceany problems.H owever,it's essential
for parentsand their childrento be alwaysreadyto experimentand find a way out of the problem.Mutual
are the thingsthat strengthenfamily relationship.
affection,trust and distributionof responsibilities
79
STUDENTCARD
}
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Family Relations".
Rememberto say:
o
o
o
o
If it is important to havea good family, why/why not
What things can help the family membersbecomecloser
How disobedientchildrenshouldbe dealt with
.{ few words about your family
Answerthe question'Does your family help you to solveyour problems?
O
VOCABUI"ARYEXERCISE
Fill in the blonl<swith the wordsgiven
uncle husband parents grandmother wife family grandparents widower
A nuclear family consistsof only a _
and a
an extended
is more common. It consistsof not onlv of
but also of
, aunts,unclesand cousins.My
lookingafterhergrandchildren.
My mum'sbrother,my
and children. In my country,
and children
liveswith us and loves
George,isa
and haslived with us sinceAunt Helen died. He is alsomv Godfather.
O
WORD FORMATION
Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
(depend)it's important to make sure they understand
As your children move towards_
(spoil) and
(greed)
what decent valuesare. To prevent them from becoming
you shouldn't indulge them too much. To make sure they grow up well(manner)they
(teach)to be polite from an early age.Children should be scoldedfor bad
should be
(behave),whichwillbean-(effect)wayofhelpingthemto
(distinct) right from wrong. You need to reward your children when they do things well to give them
(tolerate) and
(proud).You shouldtry to makeyour children
a senseof
(believe)by exposingthem to
(respect)of otherpeople's
(differ) racesand cultures. Parentsshould try to place great
(important)on setting
(behave)is often an
a good exampleto their children, as children's
(imitate)of their parents'.
80
O
WRITING
PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfrom Christine,yourEnglishpenfriend.
...Do your parents criticize you whenyou don't do well at schoot?Mine seemto put me under
so muchpressure. Vl/hatcan I do? Do you think I should tell them that it's making me unhappy?How
can I explain to my parents how lfeel? I try my bestat schoolbut I just neverseemto get top marks. By
the way, next month my parents are going on holidays and suggestI should go with them,
Write back soon with vour advice.
All the best,
Christine
.
.
Writebackto Christineanswering
her questions.
Ask 3 questionsaboutthe holidaysparentsaregoingto.
Write100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine.
O
GUIDED WRITING
Argumentativecomposition
Many parents encouragetheir children to study well by giving them extra pocket moneyfor eochgood
mark.
Do you think that beinggivenextra pocketmoneywill help childrento studybetter?
l) Completethe text with the missing wordsand phrases
2) Put the poragraphs in the right order
however,firstly,while, in my opinion, secondly,to sum up, moreoyer,
A. ( 2 )
, parentsshould not givetheir childrenmoney in order to encourage
them to studybetter.Getting extrapocketmoney may becometheir main targetand studentsmay start
cheatingso asto get good grades.(3)_.
childrenmav ger upsetwhen they do badly
at school not becauseof their poor knowledgebut becausethey will get no money.
B. It cannotbe deniedthat moneyoils the wheelsof the world. Many parentsseepocketmoney
as a way of encouragingtheir childrerrto do well at school.Somepeoplebelievethat pocket morley can
reallyimprove school performance,(l)
othersclaim that it will neverwork if a child
hasno desireto get knowledge.
C. I completely disagreewith the above opinion. (5)
, it is normal to
expect pupils to do their homework properly becauseit is their duty as are household chores
(6)
nowadaystry to getpaft-timejobs and irr my opinion, this is
, many teenagers
the bestway to understandthat gettingmoney is hard work
81
D. (4)
saythat gettingextrapocketmoney for good school
, someteenagers
gradesteachespupils that money does not grow on treesand developsa senseof how much has to be
done to earn it. They claim that studying is really hard work so it is fair to be rewardedfor their efforts.
E.(7)
, there are two points of view on the problem of getting extra
money for good studying.As I seeit, this practicehas more bad than good sidesand pupils should by
readyto learn for learning'ssake.
l.
2.
1
J.
^
T.
5.
Argumentativecomposition
Somefamilieshavean only child;otherschooseto hate two, threeor evenmore children.
What is your opinion? Would you prefer to be an only child in your family or to have brothers and
sisters?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
.
makean introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
PARAGRAPH I. INTRODUCTION
One-child householdshave doubled over the last three decadesmaking it one of thefastestgrowing
units.
Somepeopleclaim that
family
_.
However,other people orgue that
PARAGRAPH2
In my opinion(2-3 opevveHma
u,tunpu.uepauu),
c nodmoepxdeuun.nu
82
PARAGRAPH3
On theotherhand,somepeopleclaimthat(npomueonotoJrcHor
mo.lKa3peHurc apzy,MeHmauu)
_
PARAGRAPH4
I totally disagreewith the aboveidea(s)because(o6oncuuma,
noqe.My
He coeiaceHc udeauuus
napaepaQa3, nodmeepdumaapeyueHmo.Mn,
He noemopfltoulur4u
napaepaQ2)
PARAGRAPH5. CONCLUSION
Tokingeverythinginto consideration,
thereoretwopointsof viewon theproblemof beingan onlychild
in thefamily. Tb my way of thinking,
83
Read the text, Iearn the vocabularyund discuss
TRAVELAND TOURISM
One's destinationi,snever a place,
but a new way of seeingthings
Henry Miller
Travelingis an activity that can be enjoyedby anyone. It can bring a new senseoflife into a person
and give a completely new view on the world. The most conrmon reasonswhy people travel are to get
away from their current situationsand locatiolls,to enjoy new experiences,learn new languages,try
new food, and get acquaintedwith new culture. Some people travel to experiencedifferent seasonsor to
c hallcx€il hcrxscllqt
In many countriestourism is one of the fastestgrowing industrieswhich has become a major
sourceof their income and seriouslyaffectstheir economy.Touristsspendmoney on local goods and
servicesand so provide locals with work. Hotels, bars, transport, shopsand restaurantsall need staffing
and becauseof tourism demand, people can get much-neededemployment.Tourism can provide an
incentivefor investmentin developmentof infrastructuresuchas roadsand rail networks,aswell asfor
funding local medicaland educationfacilities.What's more, tourism is the way of showingoffttaltattal
and local heritage.Millions of tourists go sightseeingaround museumsand archaeologicalsitesand
hope to absorbsomeof the cultureof the placethey are visitingto broadentheir mind.
Unfortunately,there is a flip side of tourism. If the developmentof the colrntry is uncontrolled,
unplanned or happens too quickly, it can pale?_Ihleal 10 natural environment. Moreover, ancient
buildings,monumentsand cathedralsoften struggleto cope with the vastamountsof tourist traffic and
ruflfer_wcarand tear, or damage.Very often, if you are on a packageholiday, very little money goes to
local people.Most of the profitsgo to the foreigrr-ownedcompaniesthat rr-rnthe biggestresorts.Quite
an upsettingfact is that touristscan often lack respectfor local traditionsand culture,not following local
dressstandards,for example.Martin Jacques,a lamous British journalist, once said that 'television
and tourism havemade the rvholeworld accessible
and thus havecreatedthe illusion that we enjoy the
knowledgeof other places.when we barelyscratchthe surface'.He may be right as it is simply impossible
to learn anythingmeaningfulabout a culturein just two weeks.
Nevertheless,
the World Tourism Organizationpredictsthat in the XXI centurytraveland tourism
will become the world's largestindustry aycrtakilg information technologiesin terms of money. In
comparisonto the holidaymakersof the )C( centurywho mostll,chosebeachholidays,the XXI century
touristsprefer travellingon their own, choosingself-cateringaccomnrodationand visiting more than
one country during one holiday.With the accessto the Internetpeopleare becomingmuch more aware
of what is availableto them in terms of holiday choices.Peopleare willing to be more adventurousand
to explorethe world.
independentjumping at atly c
Typesof holidays:
Backpackingis a form of low-cost.independentinternationaltravel.It includesthe useof a backpackor
other luggagethat is easilycarriedfor long distancesor long periodsof time; the useof public transport;
inexpensivelodging suchasyouth hostels.
A packagetour or packageholidayconsistsof transport,accommodationand mealsorganizedby a tour
operator arrd sold to a consLrmerby a travel agent.Other sen,icesmay be provided like a rental car,
activitiesor outingsduring the holiday.Transporlcan be via chafterairline to a foreigncountry.
Activity Holidaysare chosenby activepeopiewho love skiing.scubadiving, hiking etc.
Cultural Holidaysare popular with thosewho want to seemollLlments.churches.mlrseumsand other
sights.
84
Campingis an outdoor recreationalactivity.The campersstayovernightoutdoors,usuailyat a campsite.
Camping may involvethe useof a tent. caravan,motorhomeor a cabin.Campingis an inexpensiveform
of accommodation.
Ecotourismis a form of tourism involving visiting undisturbed natural areas.It is a responsibletravel to
natural areasthat conservesthe environment and improvesthe well-being of local people. Ecotourism
hasa save-the-planet
goal.
Study the vocabulary:
To choosea good lour operator
To book well in advance
To get vaccinations
To confirm a booking / flight
To apply for a passport/ visa
To makea hotel reservation
To arrangetravel insurance
+
STUDENTCARD
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic ,,Traveland Tourism',.
Rememberto so),:
o
o
o
.
What makespeopleleavetheir homesand visit far-awayplaces
What the advantagesof tourism are
What the disadvantages
of tourism are
Ifyou like travelingand how you prefer to do it
Answerthe question:Wrat trip wasthe most successful
and memorablefor vou?
C
VOCABUI,ARYEXERCISES
1. Circle the odd word out
.
.
.
o
.
airplane: seatbelt,wing, deckchair,cockpit
car: windscreen,boot, brake.anchor
bicycle:pedal. saddle.exhaustpipe. chain
train: buffet car, track, handlebars,luggagerack
ship:deck, bonnet, bridge,cabin
2. Decide which of thefollowing wordsare connectedwith a) planes, b) ships,c) trains, d) buses.Somewords
can be usedmore than once
Locomotive. mast. runway, harbor. drir.'er.flight. artendant.carriage.life-jackets.dashboard.
platform, co-pilot, engitre-room,radar. boarding pass.plrrser.number plate, wagon,
horn, level
crossu.lg,
compartment,rearview rnirror.
85
3. Put each of thefollowing words or phroses in its correct place in the passagebelow
departurelounge departuregate departures
board handluggage
announcement securitycheck
immigrationofficer
securityguard
excessluggage conveyorbelt check-in desk
check
board checkin
passengers takeoff
runway on board
taxi
trolley
duty free
When you travelby air you haveto get to the airport earlyin order to (a)
about an hour
your
you
put
push
If
(b)
before
flight.
havea lot of luggage.-voucan
it in a
and
it to the (c)
yourticket and weight your luggage.If you have (e)
, where someonewill (d)
it can be expensive.Your heaq, luggageis put on a (1)
and carried away.A light bag
is classedas (g) _
and -voucan take it with you on to the plane.An (h)
looks at your
passportand a (i)
checksyour hand luggagebeforeyou go into the 0) _
to wait till
your flight is called. If you want to, you can buy some cheap (k) _
goodshere. Then you see
your plane. You
on the (l) _
or you hear an (m) _
that you must (n)
go through the (o)
and then there is sometimesa (p) _
beforeyou actuallyenter
the plane. When all the (q) _
are (r) --,
and when the captainand his crew are readyin
the cockpit, the plane beginsto (s)
to the end of the (t)
. Finally, permissionis
plane
receivedfrom the control tower and the
movesfasterand fasterin order to (u) _
4. Put eoch ofthe following words or phroses in its correct ploce in the passagebelow
destination
self-catering
If you stayin
A
jetlag
adventure
holiday
stopover
resort
souvenir
abroad
brochure
rooms,you haveto cook your own food.
is a kind of small magazinethat often advertises
holidays.
is a town where lots of peoplego on holiday.
when you arrive in a country where the time is very different from the
You sufferfrom
countryyou left.
is the placeyou are goingto.
Your
is a breakin the middle of a very long flight.
s are fun for peoplewho enjoyphysicalexerciseand trying new activities.
Whenyou go
, makesureyou takeyour passportwith you/
of mv trio to Athens.
I got a model of the Acropolis as a
5. Fill in the correctwordfrom the list
trip
route
voyage
tour
flight
journey
.l
travel
lt's a good ideato takebreaksduring a
especiallyif you are driving a long way.
My daughteris going on a school
next week.
lrom London to New York takesabout eieht hours.
3. The
A
I felt seasickdurins the
l .
z.
a.
5 . Do you preferto
by.* or train'l
just
parents
6 . My
have
come back from a
'7.
I had to take a different
of Scotland.
to work this mornine due to road works.
86
+
L
WORD FORMATION
Usethe word given in bold toform o word that fits the gap
(tour). You sperrd half of vour time making
It is not always easy being a
(arrange) for your holiday and the other half worrying about sticking to the
(time). I think it's relaxing sometimesto spend a holiday at home. There are
(culture) problems, you do not need someone to be the
no
(photograph)and you know that the local
(inhabit) are friendly.
2 . Usethe word given in bold toform a word thatfits the gap
(recognize)
l . Beijinghas changedso much in the last few yearsthat it's almost
(complete)
The
run
different
system
from
ordinary
trains.
2.
new trains
on a
(world)is about a billion and it rs increasinsall the time.
The number of cars
(broad)your horizons
+ . Living in a foreigncountry reallydoes
(direction)flight from London to Delhi so I've booked one that
5 . I can't find a
J.
changesin Frankfurt.
(arrive)at Singaporeairport.
mustcompletea visaform upon__
6 . All passengers
1 . You can still see old milestonesby the side of the road in England, showing the
(distant)to the nearesttown.
8. The Museum of Transporthasa full-sizedjet plane next to the
(enter).
3. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the words in bold
(operate)in Germany.So far testshavebeen
A new type of train may soon be in __
(commute)willbe ableto travel
years'
(success)
time
and it is hoped that in l0
(actual)the world's
from Hamburs to Berlin in lessthan an hour. The Transraoidtraiti is
lowest-flying aircraft. It has been designedto travel at up to 420 km per hour, and it has neither wheels
nor a motor.
(magnet)unitspowersthe train,allowingit to "fly" onecentimeter
Insteadofrails, a seriesof
abovethe tracks.Sirrceit is suspendedin the air, it can turn sharpcornersat very high speedswithout
(environment)haveserious
(notice)disturbanceinsidethe train.
creatingany
(significant)
(object)to the train, however,as it is
noisier that normal trains.
(alternate)to traveling by
Nevertheless,it seemsthat the new train will soon be a popular
plane betweencitiesin Germany.
87
C
WRITING
PersonalLetter
You havereceiveda letterfrom your English-speaking
friendCarlawho writes:
...My classwent on a one-day trip to Straford-on-Avon last week.I really enjoyedit though
travelling by bus waslong and tiring. Do you often go on school outings? Do you enjoy thesetrips, why
or why not? What wasthe most interestingtrip?
My Grondfother was 70 last weekand wehad afamily gathering...
Writea letterto Carla.
In your letter
. answerher questions
. ask3 questions
abouther familygathering
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
GUIDED WRITING
C
Argumentative composition
1. Study the example
2. Paraphrase thefollowing topicsfor compositionsto make theproper introduction part with twopoints of
view on the problem (the first paragraph) to the compositions
Example:
'On-line
educationis o growing industry, but is it a blessingor a curse?'
What is your opinion?
Due to recenttechnologicaladvances,a growingnumber of peoplegive up the clossroomenvironmentand
chooseto study on-line. Somepeopleclaim that distant learning will completelysubstitutetraditional waysof
education.However,othersarguethot thereis nothingbetterthon real-life communicationwith a teocherin
the classroom.
1.
'Not
all peopleenjoya 9-to-5 workingdo1:111
ofrce'.
88
2. 'A lot of parentsbelievethat children watchtoo tnuch TV.
3. 'Only thepeoplewho eorn a lot of moneyare successful'.
Argumentativecomposition
Comment the followins statement.
Tburismruins everythingit touches.
What is your opinion? Do you agreewith this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the tbllowing plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
express
an opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
Study the clueson Travellingand Tourismwhich may help you in your writing:
.
.
r
.
.
.
.
Tourism can bring economic_sainto the developmentof the country.
Tourism is extrerne
ly beneficialas it providespeoplewith jobs.
popular
Most
resortsare polluted and overcrowded.
Tourism bringsculturesand peoplecloser.
Travellingis a part of people'seducation:it broadensminds.
Many ancientmonumentsare destroyedby crowdsof tourists.
The increasingnumber of touristsdamagethe local environment.
89
Read the text, learn the vocabularvand discuss
STAYINGIN A HOTEL
Thegreat advantageof a hotel is
thot it is o refugefrom home life
GeorgeBernard Shaw
while traveling,people needsomewhereto stay.that's why there are
a lot of good hotelsat their
disposal.Still, if you do not want to get disappointed,it is advisableto book
accommodationin advance
by telephoneor Internet' particularlyif you aretravehngin sumnrer.In that
caseyou won,t needto leave
the hotel becausethere is no roont, u'hich is alu'ay's
an unpleasantexperience,especiallyif you arriveat
nieht.
Almost all modern hotelshave rooms with all modern conveniences:
air-conditioning,a private
bathroom,a telephone,a TV-set,and others.The serviceis usuallyquite
satisfactory.You can take a
s i n g l er o o m .a d o u b l er o o m o r a s u i t e .
Supposing,you booked accommodationin a hotel. Your taxi drives up
to tlie entranceof the
hotel; you pay the driver and get out of the cab. The porter helpsyou with
the lLrggage
and you enterthe
lobby of the hotel. You go to the receptiondeskand speakto the receptionist,
this is the clerk who is in
chargeof roonrsand who registersthe newcomers.
Whetl you are through with all the fornralities,y,ouwill get the key your
to
room and a lobby boy
will takeyou to your room.
At a hotel you call get variousseryllcs.If y'ouwant to haveyour suit pressed
or dry-cleaned.your
shirt ironed. or your laurldry done, you should ring for the maid. You can
also haveyour mealsserved
into your roorX-The Up is usuallygivenwith the wordsof thanks.
In the lobby thereare a lot of offices:alootrngofiee. posrarndan information
desk.Nearly all the
hotelshavebars,restaurants.
gyms and swimnringpools.
Bills are usuallypaid at the end of sta-v.
When you are readyto checkout, you tellthe deskclerk to
get your bill ready.
As for me, the lasttime I stalredin a hotelwaswhen...
Explain thefollowing words:
B&B, guesthouse,
inn, motel,youthhostel,campsite,holidaycamp,full board,halfboard.
self'-caterine.
resort
+
STUDENT CARD
Giveo 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic,,Stal,ingin a Hotel,'
Rememberlo sq':
a
a
a
a
Why peoplestay in hotels
What modernconveniences
you may find in a hotel
What servicesyou can find in a hotel
If you haveeverstayedin a hotel, whereand who with
Answerthe question.Whatis betterin vour opinion. stayin a hotelor renta
flat?Whvl
90
O
WORD FORMATION
Form a word thatfits eachgap
Customersusuallvmake a phone call or senda fax to make a
I'm not sureof the exactdatesvet so I'd like to makea
1.
2.
(reserve)
bookirig for the 24'hto
28"'(provision)
(booking)
3. Therearemoreglleststhanrooms.I'm afraidthe hotelis
4. I'm sorrv.butthercis no
for the honeymoonsuitefor the period you require.
(available)
The customerhasbeentakenill so we've had a
of the booking. (cancel)
(occupy)
There is no one in room 507at the moment and room 508 is also
jobs
One of the first
to be done by the receptionisteachday is to dealwith the
5.
6.
7.
(correspond)
8. The hotelasksguests
not to leave
piecesofjewelleryin the room. (value)
The managementhope that computerizeddoor lockswill
thievesfrom getting
(prevention)
into hotel rooms.
9.
O
WRITING
PersonalLetter
pen-friend.
This is a partof a letterfrom Mary,yourEnglish-speaking
...1t wasgreat to hear that you wentto Italy duringyour summerholidays.I havealways
wantedto visit this wonderfulcountry.Did you enjoyyourjourney? Wat placesof interestdid you
you mostof all? Did you like your hotel?
visit? Wat impressed
Asfor me, I'm awfullytired becausewe'vegot too many testsat school.Can't waitfor the
aatumnbreak...
Writebackto Marv.
In your letter
. answerher questions
. ask3 questions
aboutherplansfor the autumnholidays
Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine.
yl
Read the text. learn the vocabulamand discuss
ADVERTISING
Advertisingis the on of convincingpeople
to spendmoneytheydon't have
for somethingtheydon't need.
Will Rogers
printed in newspapers
Although the averagecitizen is usuall-vannoyedby all the advertisements
and magazinesand the commercialsbroadcaston TV the impact of the whole adverlisingindustry on
a singlepersonis immenseand playsa very important role in our lives.Advertisingabsorbsvastsumsof
money but it is usefulto the community.What are the functionsof advertisements?
The first one to mention is to inform. A lot of the information people have about household
glevices,
cars,buildirrgmaterials.electronicequipment.cosmetics.detergents
and fbod is largelyderived
from the advertisements
the),read.Advertisements
introducethem to new productsor remind them of
the existingones.
The secondfunction is to sell.The productsare shownfrom the bestpoint and the potentialbuyer,
on having enteredthe store. unconsciouslychoosesthe advertisedproducts. One buys this washing
powderor this chewinggum. becausethe colorful TV commercialsconvincehim of the bestqualitiesof
the product. Evencigarettesor sweetsor aicohol are associated
with the good valuesof human lit-esuch
asjoy, freedom, love and happiness,and just those associations
make a person choosethe advertised
products.The aim of a good advertisement
is to createa consumerdemandto buy the adverlisedproduct
or service.Children are good exampleas they usr.rally
want the particularkind of chocolateor toy or
chewing-gum.Beingnaive,they cannot evaluatewhat is truthful and what is exaggelalgd.
Thirdly, sincethe maiorit-vof advertisements
are printed in our presswe pay lessfor newspapers
and magazines.also TV in most countriesis cheap.The public advertisingseenon streethoardings,
railwaystationsand buildingsmakespeople'slife morejoyful. Nloreover,all thosesmall adsin the press
concerning"employment", "edlrcation" and "for saleand wanted" columns, help ordinary people to
find a betterjob or a better employee,to sell or to buy their second-handthings and find services,or
learnabouteducational
facilities.socialeventssuchas.concerts.theatreplays,footballmatches,and to
announcebinhs. marriages
and deaths.
Nevertheless,
despiteour dissatisfaction
when beingbombardedby all the advertisers'information
we must admit tliat they do perform a usefulsen'iceto society,and advertisements
are an essentialpart
of our everydaylife.
STUDENT CARD
r)
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic'Advertising"
Rememberto sot,:
a
a
a
What role advertisingplaystoday
What the positiveand negativeaspectsof advertisingare
Ifadvertising is necessaryfor you, why or why not
92
o
WORD FORMATION
Complete the sentenceswith the correctform of the word in bold
1. Advertisements
(advertise) does have its drawbacks. Some
It cannot be denied that
(true)
(reall and give
advertisementsshow life
(consume).
people
information.In advertsall
seemto be happy
all kidsseem
(health)and well off. But this is not true at all. In
to be
(add),advertsdo not talk aboutproductsdefects.What is more, advertisingincreases
pricesfor consumers
(
p
r
e
s
s
)
put
and
o n t h e n rm a k i n gt h e mb u yt h i n g st h e yd o r r ' tn e e d l.t i sa l s om u s t
(forbid)to advertisealcohol and cigarettesas these
be
(harm).
(produce)are really
2. Firstwomenin advertising
(choose)for women rn
(busy);however,advertisingwasone of the few. Sincewomen were responsible
(purchase)done in their household,
for most of the
(advertise)
(valuable)of wonren'sinsight during the
and agerrcies
recognizedthe
(create)process.In fact, the first American advertisingto use a sexualsell was
(produce).Although tame by today's standards,
createdby a woman - for a soap
(advertise)featureda couplewith the nressage
"The skin you loveto touch"
the
At the turn of the centurv.there were few career
3. TV adverts
Manytelevision
(commerce)featuresongsor melodies("jingles") or slogans
(design) to be striking and
(memory), which ma-v
(view)long after the span of the advertising
remair-rin the minds of televisiolr
(life) of their
campaign.Some of thesead jingles or catch-phrasesmay take on
own, spawninggagsthat appear in films, televisionshows, magazines,comics, or literature.These
long-lastingadvertisingelementsmay be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the
(generate)to wlrom thel'appeared.Examplesare the
(endure)slogans,such as "l ? New York", Just do it (Nike) or'Because yolr are worth it' - L'Oreal
Cosmetics.
4. SunerBowl
(general)consideredthe
(effect)mass-marketadvertisingformat, and this is
(broadcast)
(reflection)by the liigh prices TV networks chargefor commercial
airtirneduring popularTV events.The annuaiSuperBowl Americanlbotballgameis known asmuch for
its commercialadvertisements
as for the gameitself.and the averagecost of a single30-secondTV spot
(legend)game(seenby 90 million viewers)hasreachedUS$3 million. As
during this
a result,watchingand discussingthe broadcast'scommercialshasbecomea
(music)have
(signify)aspectof the event.In addition. many poplllar singersand
performedduring the event'spre-gameand halftimeceremoniesbecauseofthe
(expose).
In the United States.the TV advertisement
is
93
1..)
WRITING
Argumentative
composition
Advenisingis commonthroughouttheworld.However,not oll peopleconsiderit helpful.
Whatis youropinion?
Wrire200-250 words.
Usethe followingplan
.
.
.
.
o
makean introduction.(statethe problem)
yourpersonalopinionandgive2-3 reasons
express
for youropinion
express
an opposingopinionandgiveI -2 reasons
for thisopposingopinion
express
why you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
makea conclusion
youropinion
restating
94
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss
BOOKS
With evervbook. vou becomean investig,ative
,rpinrr. Yoi spenda lirtle rime leirning
whot it's like to live in someoneelse's
SNOCS
John lrving
There is no dolbt that readrngis verv important.By learningto readyou iearnhow to concentrate,
how to use your imagination, and to visualizethe storiesin your own way. Undoubtedly, readingis
becominglessand lesspopular nowadays,with the increasingpopularity of TV, videosand computers.
I'm not surepeoplereadas much asthe'ywatchTV or videonow. However,I think that with booksyott
alwaysget a picture in your mind. and havecer-tainideasabout certaincharacters,so vivid sometimes
whertthey makea film out of your tavouritebook.
that it can becomea disappointment
genres
arepublishedeveryyearttt numerouspublishinghousesso you
Booksof differenttypesand
A lot of bookshopsilre beingopetredtoday in our city
can choosea book which bestsuitsyour requests.
and provide customerswtth a greatvarietyof books.What's more, in somebookshopsyou can drink a
cup of coffeewhile readinga bestsellerand meet authorspresentingtheir latestworks.
There are differentkirrdsof books.You know that childrenlike readingand listeningto fairy tales,
There are also historicalnovels.adventurebooks, sciencefiction, love stories,true
fables,ShOrt_StA11gS.
stories,aulSbjqgpphjg,Sand detectivesfor people of all ages.Some people prefer referencebooks and
or usethem in their work.
encyclopaedias
Audlotsats are popular with people who spend a lot of time in cars getting to work and beilg
stuck in traffic jams. For some of them it is the only opportunity to appreciatebooks in our hectic
lifestyle.Thc AriySnlot'electronicpublishingand the Irtternetllcans tlrat mLichtrcrvitllbrmationis trot
priltccl in paperbooks.but is maclcrilailablconiinc througha digitallibrary,on CD-ROM. or irt tltc
lbrm of E_]Xrolr.A1 online book is an c-bciolithat is availablconline throrighthc Internet.
Some people think that electronicbooks are great. You can store thousandsof books on an
e-reader,whereaspaper books take up lots of spaceat home. Furthermore,you don't need to go to a
bookshopbecauseyou cetnbLryand receivebooksonline instantly.
'real' book
On the other hand, printed books are still very'popular.Sontepeoplepreferto hold a
and like to touch paper pages.You can lend a lavourite book to a friend but you can't borrow your
friend's e-readerfor a couple of weeks.Bcqdes, electrotticbooks are quite expensive.
Electronicbooksare undoubtedll,arealll,usefulinvention.Man.vpeopleusethem but they won't
replacepaperbooks in the future.
Readingbooks enhancesnot only the grammarand diction of a person,but also broadenstlte
horizonsof knowledge,enrichingthe innerworld of a person.As a result,good readerscan easilyand
effectivelycommunicatewith others. Such skills are essentialfor improving an individual's overall
personality.S. Maughanlonce saidthat "a real masterpiecemakesyou sharefeelingsand emotionswith
the characters,follow the plot and think." I believethat we shouldtry to readasmany booksaspossible.
no matterwhetherwe swallow,chew or digestthem.
95
Russianwriters and poets:
Britishwritersand poets:
Americanwritersand noets:
As for me I'm into....
I'd like to tell you about a book I've recentlyread/ I'd like to tell you about my favouritebook.
I t i s " . . . . . "b y . . . .
The main charactersare ...Mostly I liked ....because
The olot is (quite, very) funny, serious, dramatic, gripping, moving, clever, thrilling, typical, boring,
predictable,ordinary,silly because....
The situationis set in....
This book hasgot a lot of original ideasabout.....
This book is reallyworth readingI this book isn't worth reading.
Study the vocabulary:
Books:entertaining,boring, shocking,frightening,sad,exciting
Scarycharacters,tragic end, too much violence,funny incidents,predictablecharacters
Original ideas,unhappy situations,lots of action, repetition
STUDENT CARI)
C
Give o 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Books".
Rememberto talk about:
o
.
o
.
The role of books in our lives
Typesofbooks
Advantagesand disadvantages
ofe-books
your
The book which is
favourite or which you haverecently read
Answerthequestion:Will.in youropinion, books continue to exist with the developmentof the
Whv/ whv not?
lnternet resources?
O
WORD FORMATION
1. Complete the sentenceswith the correct form of the word in bold
TennesseeWilliams
(child)in
(east)
Williamswasbom in l9l4 ar,d spenthis
Tennessee
people
Mississippi.His real name was Thomas Lanier Williams, but like many
in the
(young)he uorked in various
(pursue)of fame, he adopteda pen-name.During his
(occupy)includinga periodasa shoesalesman.
(drama) that he becamefamous. His best
However,it was of course as a
(live) of southernAnerican societywith its pretenceof wellwork was basedon the
96
(elegance)behavior.His most famous
mannered and
(achieve)
include 'A StreetCar Named Desire" and "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'. Both disnlava
(combine)of socialawareness
and emotionaltension.Manv
(success)films have been
plays.
made, basedon his
*
WRITING
PersonalLetter
...1 enjoy reading very much and I read a lot in my spore time. I would be really interestedto
find out more aboutfamous Russianwriters. Wo is yourfavourite writer at the moment? Haveyou got
enough time for reading?
By the way,I am thinking ofjoining our school'sLiterature CIub.
Write soon.
Take care,
Mary
This is a part of letter from Mary, your English pen friend.
Writebackto Mary.
In your letter
. answerall herquestions.
. ask3 questions
aboutherschool'sLiteratureclub
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
Argumentativecomposition
Somepeoplesay that reading a book without illustrations is boring.
What is your opinion on bookswith illustrations?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
o
.
.
.
o
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
make a conclusion restatingyour opinion
97
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss
ART: PNNTINGS AND PNNTERS
Art ffirs twogreat gifts of emotion the emotion of recognitionand the emotion of escape.
Both emotionstake us out oJ-theboundariesof self...
Duncan Phillips
People say that they need art as a way of understanding the world around them and a way of
expressingtheir feelingsand emotions.There are many differentforms of art - literature,architecture,
sculpture,paintirrg,drawing, music, dance,theatre,cinema, etc. There are many stylesand genresof
art aswell.
Painting is the art of portraying or representingobjectswith line and colour. There are different
genresof painting:the landscape,seascape,
still life, portrait, genrepainting.Artistsexpresslhruideas
through composition,colouring. light and shadeeffect. Many techniquesdevelopedthrough centuries
allow artiststo transformtheir feelingsinto flat irnageson a canvasor a pieceof paper.Paintingssendus
back to life and to other artswith the ability to seebeautyall about us aswe go olt our accustomedways.
There is a galaxy of great painters in Russia.Andrey Rublyov and Pheophan Greek are wotkl:
known icon painters.Ivan Shishkincan be calledthe singerof Russianforests,("Morning in the Pine
Forest"), while l.Levetan derived inspiration from the Russianautumn. The Peredvizhnikiinclude
artistssuch as Ilya Repin ("Ivan the Terribleand his Son Ivan") and VassilySurikov ("The Morning
of the StreletskiExecution", "Boyarynya Morozova"). Victor Vasnetsovchose the folk Russianstyle
("Bogatyrs"), Mikhail Vrubel is noted for originalityof thought and novelty of form, his "Demon" is
the fruit of his fantasticimagination. The work of Ivan Aivazovskycan be regardedas a singleepic poem
of the sea("The Ninth Wave"). Russianart is brilliantly represented
in The StateRr.rssian
Museum.
As for British painters,the best known are William Hogafth, JoshuaReynolds,Gainsborough,
Constableand Turner. Some of their masterpieces
are erhibited in The Hermitage,in the department
of Englishart.
Modern paintershavea lot of opportunities nowadaysto demonstratetheirworks of art in different
museumsand art-galleries,evenon the street,in the so-called"Art zones".
My favouriteartist is Ivan Nvazovsky(1817-1900).He gaineda worldwide fame by his romantic
paintings,rclu&able for their emotional colours. In his painting "The Ninth Wave" he revealedthe
beautyofthe mighty seaon a stormyday and conveyedit masterfully.The raysofthe settingsun penetrate
thror"rgh
the dark low clouds.In the centre.a magnificentwave.curled like a shell,portraysthe conflict
of wind and water.The colouringis masterful;the treatmentof light is wonderful.The angry line of the
horizon contraststhe smooth water in the foreground,where a nlast of a wreckedship is floating with
severalpeople.
clenchingto it for life. The sitLration
rs desperate.
lt's the moment of highestemotional
tension.The picture is romantic in its patheticvigour and realisticin the masterfuldepictionof the sea.
oTheNinth
In the degreeof finish,tliis paintingis unsurpassable.
It is a poeticand convincingseascape.
wave>>
is a real Aivazolskv'smastemiece.
Sndy the vocabulary:
A landscape- a picture representinga tract of country with the variousobjects.In the context of art
Iandscapegenerallydenotesa picture and not a view depictedthere. Wren speakingof the view use
scenery,countryside.
- a painting or other artisticrepresentation
A seascape
ofthe sea.
A still life a paintingof suchunanimatedsubjectsas fruit, flou'ersand other decorativethings.
Genrepainting- a paintingthat represents
scenesfrom everydavlife in a more or lessrealisticway.
The fine arts famousand highly recognisedforms of art especiallypaintingsor sculptures.
Visualart - art opposedto literatureor music which yor"riook at
98
Performing a'rt- arr forms such as dance or drama which involvesdoing things.
Performanceart - a type of art that can combine acting, dance, painting, film to expressideas.
Translate into Russian:
To specializein, to poftray people and emotions,to depict a person/a sceneof life/ the mood
of..., to revealthe person'snature, in the foreground linlhe background/on the top/on the bottom,
in the right/left-hand corner,to placethe figures;to combine form and colour into harmoniousunity;
brilliant colour schemeIski:m].
Colours can be: light, dark, vivid, warm, cool, strong,soft, bright, cheerlul,gloomy,pure etc.
Impressionof a painting can be: moving, lyrical, romantic, poetic, disappointing,unsurpassed
masterpiece,impenetrable - extremely difficult to understand, intriguing - interestingbecauseit is
strangeor mysterious.
A plan for the picture description:
1. The general effect (the title and the name of the artist; the time of the picture creation; genre; the
generalatmosphereor the theme of the picture)
2.The contentsof the picture (place,time and setting)
3. The composition and colouring (background,what colours predominatesin the picture; how the
objects are located).
4. Interpretation (feelingsand ideasthe painting evokesin the viewers)
+
STUDENTCARI)
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic'Art: Paintingsand Painters".
Rememberto say:
o
r
o
o
What types of art you know
What painting is and what genresof painting exist
What famous Russianand British artists you know
What your favourite painting is
Answerthe question:Why do people like going to art museums?
C
WORD FORMATION
Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
(profession)artist is to understand what the art world wants
The key to being a
(success)artistneedstohavea-(recognize)sty1e
and then produce it. The
(desire). It takes an artist
and to make works of art that other people find
(finance)rewardscan be amazing.People
(end) practice to developtheir own style but the
(expense)
art becausethey think that the more
don't just want art. They want
(value)a painting is, the better it is. Often, that is true, but sometimesbad art sellsfor an
(fame) artistsmade very little money from their art, but now we can
(believe)price. Many
(create)reallyare.
seehow imoortant their
99
O
WRITING
Argumentativecomposition
Wsitingmuseumsis o completewosteof time.
what is your opinion on visiting museumsand picture galleries?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
o
.
.
o
o
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewjtli the opposrngopiniorr
make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
100
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss
ENWRONMENTALISSUES
Becausewe don't think aboutfuture generations,
they will neverforgetus
Henrik Tikkanen
We are in the environmental crisis becausehuman beings have broken out the circle of life and
are destroyingthe environment.Overpopulation,industrialization,urbanizationand environmental
pollution havedisastrouseffectson natureand wildlife.
The first threat to the planet is the extinction of plant and animal life. Many animals find it
more and more difficult to surviveastheir natural habitat is being destroyedby growing cities.The earth
forestedareasare in dangerof disappearingcompletel,vas treesare burnt or cut down. Illegal hunting
(poaching)threatenssome rare speciesto becomeextinct.This processcan be controlled if we protect
animals in dangerbizlaw, open more parksand plant more forests,introduce harsherpunishmentfor
poachersand raisepr:blicawareness
about endangeredspecres.
problem
The second
iswater,air and soil pollution. Factoriesand carsreleasepoisonouschemicals
into the air. The cheniicalsmir with the water in the clouds, and the polluted rain which falls later
damageseverl'thing alive. Gasesfrom aerosolspraysand fridgesgo into the atmospheredestrolzingthe
ozone layer which Eevenls_us_jla!0getting harmful radiation. As a result. more and more people get
spreadfast.
skin cancer.Our societyproducestoo much packagingand food waste;that is why diseases
Peopleusea lot of detergents
for cleaningtheir housesand cars,this wastedwateris poured into streams,
rivers,seas,and oceanskilling aquaticlife. A few stepscan help to changethe situation.We must throw
awaylessrubbish;use recyclingand control the usageof waterand electricity.
Deforestation, using aerosols and burning fusul-fucls cause 1he process of Global Warming
(GreenhouseEffect). This environmentalchangeleadsto rising temperatures,melting ice capsin the
polar regionand droughtsand floods.
These problemsare very serious.Both scientistsand politiciansagreethat unlesssome radical
stepsare takenin the nearestfuture, life on our planet may be destroyed.
Here are someof the waysto solveecologicolproblems. Expressyour own opinion if they are helpful or not:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
The factoriesand plantsmust be removedfrom cities
Green zonesmust be created.The greenerymust be protectedand increased
Pollution control systemsmust be introduced
must be widely used
Purifoingsyslemsfor cleaningand trappingharmful substances
Noise must be reduced
We must keepthe streetsof townsclean
We must utilize and recyclethe waste
protection
Peoplemust developinternationalcooperationin the field o1'environmental
Can voa add other meosuresto onesmentionedabove?
Vl/hatcan you say about ecologicalsituation in thepluce you live?
r0l
STUDENT CARD
Givea 2-2.5 minute tolk on the topic"Environmentalfssues".
Rememberto soy:
o
o
o
What you know about the threat of extinctionof plants and animals
About differenttypesof pollution
What peoplecan do to help the environment
Answerthe question:What is the ecologicalsituation in the place you live?
WORD FORMATION
O
I. Complete thesesentenceswith the coruectform of the words in brackets
I
2
a
J
What can we do to reducethe
(pollute)of the atmosphere?
(disaster)
produced
The changein the climatehas
floods.
(extinct).
Many rare speciesare threatenedwith
(harm)to our health.
Many of the gasesproducedby factoriesare
(damage)effectson the environment.
Exhaustfumeshave
4
5
(populate).
6 Many countriesmusttry and controlthe growthof the
(survive).
7 Protectingthe environmentis essentialto our
(protect)of the environmentis everyone'sresponsibility.
8 The
(poor)in othersgetsworse.
9 Whilesomecountriessetricher.the
(starve).
1 0 Millions of peoplein the world are threatenedwith
2. Readthefollowing text andrtil in the correctwordderivedfrom the wordsin bold
(danger)species.the rhinoceros,is still being
One of the world's
(organize)
hunted for their horn. The World Wildlife Federationsupports
which try
(hunt) by providing vehiclesand
(equip)for severalnational
to stop the
parks in Africa. Protectedareashave a high fence around them, so rhinos roam in
(safe). The WWF also helps in
(transport)of rhinos from
(danger)areasinto the protected ones. It is very important to lessenthe demand for rhino horns.
(aware)of the problem is one of ways to help the situation. Rhino
Raising
(conserve)is one of the WWF's main tasks.
(hope)the WWF will be ableto put a stopto the
(acceptable)
act ofrhino hunting.
3. Readthefollowing text andrtil in the correctwordderivedfromthe wordsin bold
(threat) our natural environment.Acid
There are many problemswhich
(globe)warming and air and water
(pollute)are among the
raln,
most seriousones.There are severalwaysto help improve the situation.Firstly. we should encourage
(recycle)becauseit is the
(produce)of new materialswhich
causesthe most damage.We must learn to reuse things like plastic bags and glassjars. Secondly,
(help). Furthermore,joining an
driving an environmentally-friendlycar is also
(organize)which plantstreesor cleansup beacheswould be
(concern)about the environment.Lastly, supporting
(prove) that you are really
groups such as Greenpeace,which try to prevent many
(environment)
disasters,would help to ensurethat our planetwill be cleanand safefor future generations.
102
4. Reod thefollowing text and fill in the correct word derivedfrom the words in botd
More and more animals are fighting for
(survive)nowadays,
and it is not
(hunt)who are to blame.
Thousandsoffish die evervvearas
a resultofthe
(legal)
(dump)of wastein riversby factoriesall over Etrrope.
(investigate)are often carried
out to discoverwho is
(response)for theseecologicaldisasters,but evenwhen
the offendersare found, the
(punish)for this kind of
(behave)is
not assevereasit shouldbe. Factorieswill only refonn oncethe nublic
(threat) to
stopbuyingtheir products,and not before.It is the only
(solve)to a verv seriours
problem.
only
O
WRITING
PersonalLetter
Youhavereceived
a letterfromyour English-speaking
friendDonna,who writes:
...Guesswhat! My parents let me hovea petfor my birthday. Isn't that great? I haven't decided
yet whatpet to get. Hoveyou got a pet? lVhatanimals do yoa think make goodpets? Is it dfficult to look
ajter a pet? Let me know what you think.
Anyway, I have to go now. I've got loads of homework to do tonight (unfortunately). Write
bock soon.
All the best,
Donna
o
.
Writebackto Donnaanswering
herquestions
Ask 3 questions
aboutDonna'shomework.
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritine.
Argumentativecomposition
Is itfair to keepanimals in zoos?
what is your opinion? Do I'ou think that peopleshouldkeepanimarsin zoos?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
o
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
your personalopinion and give2-3 reasonsfor yotrropirriou
express
express
an opposingopinion and give l-2 reasons
tbr this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinron
m a k ea c o n c l u s i o nr e s t a t i nrgo t r r o p i n i o n
103
Read the text. learn the vocabularvand discuss
EXTREME SPORTS
Sportsdo not build character. They reveal it
Heywood Broun
People are different in every'thing.Some people prefer the regularactivitiesor sports, like soccer,
basketballor biking. On the other hand, we can alwaysmeet peoplewho cannot control their passion
to get involvedin new activities.Thesedare devilscan risk their livesjumping from an airplaneto make
some tricks in the mid-air or go down a steepslopeat a high speedon skisor a snowboardunleashing
themselvesthrough some adventurousor dangerousactivitiesand risky stunts.The number of people
chasing for danger and extreme sport is on the increasenowadays.However, what do we mean while
talking about 'extremesports'?
The phrase'extrentesports'appearedin 1995when the AmericanTVsports networkorganizedthe
first ExtremeGames,which are now known asX Games.Extremespons haveoften beencharacterized
as 'alternativesports' as they are consideredto be different from more traditional, establishedones
which are often called mainstreamsporls. However,malry extremesportsare in fact new versionsof
older ones,often rnadepossibleby technologicalchangesor improvementin equipment.Inline skating
or rollerblading , for example, is a new form of roller skating or BMX racing is based on cycling. As
they have become competitive,extremesports have even been partly absorbedinto the mainstream,
snowboarding,for example,hasbecomean Olympic event.
So, what makesextremesportsreally 'extreme'?The key word is risk - they all sharean element
of dangerusuallycombinedwith acrobaticstunts.All theseactivitiesoften involvespeed,height. a high
level of physical exertion and highl), specializedgear. Severalof sports that fall into this category have
been known as 'outlaw sports'becausethey were bannedin many areasfor being too dangerous.Take
basejumping, for example.A numberof peopleevenobjectedto thesedangeroussports,highlightingthe
risk of accidentand evendeath.You may sa-vthat any sport can be dangerous.The statisticson injury in
mainstreamsportsare quite an eye-opener.Of the more popular sportsthat can be deadly,cycling and
swimming are the ones most likely to lead to a fatality. However,the truth is that risk of dying or getting
a serioussport injury is much lower in traditional sportsthat in extremeones.
What makespeopleregularlyrisk their livesfor an adrenalinebuzz? Many of them get bored with
studies,e-mails. deadlines.work challengesand tr-vto find a perfect escapeby bringing new thrillirig
experienceand pleasantemotions into their iives. For others extremesport is a great opportunity to
make friendswho sharethe samepassion.Thosewho are deeplyinto extremesportssaythat the most
important thing about them is that extremesportsarejust not like mainstreamsportsmostly because
past and presentthey are crawlingwith rebels.riders, driversand rock stars.It's not about uniforms,
coachesor scripts.Expressingyourselfthrough action is the key. It's an attitude, a way of life, even a
religion.Once you are in, you are in for life.
Nevertheless,in termsof dealingwith the potentialrisksinvolvedin these'extremesports',there
are various measureswhich can be taken to enslrrethat all controllablerisks are reduced.The most
obviousone is to ensurethat thesesportsare carriedout under the correct supervision.by experienced
and qualified personnelir, a well-suitedenvironnlent.A11possiblesafetyprecautionsshould be taken
whenevernecessaryto guaranteethe safetl'ofboth panicipantsand spectators.
To tell the truth. it would be fantasticto erperiencesomethingextraordinary,at leastonce in a
lifetime.
As for me I'm a (snow)fan and I'm into....very much.
I'm pretty adventurousso I like doing....or I'd like to try
I'm pretty adventurousbut I'd rather watch extremesportson TV than try doing one of them,
my friendsgo downhill skiingor snowboarding.
althor-rgh
As for me, I'm afraidof heightand speedso I preferpla-ving
tennis.
104
[a. Sndy the list of extremesports:
Earth:
skateboarding,longboarding.mountain boarding, sandboarding,BMX, motocross,FMX, aggressive
inline skating,mountain biking. caving,slacklining,abseiling,rock climbing, freeclimbing,bouldering,
mountaineering,parkour,sandkiting, zorbing
Water:
surfing, body boarding, waterskiing,wakeboarding,kitesurfing,windsurfing, cavediving, flowboarding,
paddle surfing / stand up paddle, kayaking.cliffjumping, coasteering.scubadiving, knee boarding,
white waterrafting, skim boarding,jet skiing
Snow and Ice:
snowboarding,snow skiing,ice climbing, snowmobiling,snow kiting
Air:
basejumping, skydiving,wing suiting,bungeejumping, high-lining, hanggliding, paragliding
1.b Chooseone extremesport to tell your classmatesabout
2. Sudy the vocabulary
To reduce/increasethe risk of something
Risk-takers
To be worth the risk/ to take a risk
A real risk of seriousinjury
Team spirit
The benefitsoutweigh the risk
Life -threatening activities
To get adrenalinegoing...
To hire an instructor
Protectivegear
Mountain biking, mountain climbing, mountaineering,hang gliding, kiting
O
STUDENT CARI)
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Extreme Sports".
Rememberlo say:
.
o
.
The differencebetweenextremesports and traditional ones
What makes people risk their lives
Ifyou prefer watchingor taking up risky sports;why/ why not
Answerthe question:Why are so many parentsagainstthe idea of their children playing risky sports
and what is the solution to this oroblem?
105
WORD FORMATION
1. Usethe word given toform a word that fits eachspace
(popular) over the last few
Adventure sports have increasedgreatly in
years. More and more people are looking for
(excite), perhapsbecausethey feel
(interest).Take, for example,a man who sits in his office all day from
their livesare
_
(adventure)
Monday to Friday,but on Saturdayhe is an
risk-takingherowho
panicipatesin the most
(danger)of sports.He looks for the
(hieh)
jump
(race)
cliffto
liom, strappedin a hang glider harness,or he is one of the crew
(terrify) speeds.He is not difficult to recognizebecausehe is
down a river moving al
(talk) about what he has been doing at the weekend.He
the one who is often heard
(strange)to tell his stories to, and he is always
always
is
Iookingfor an unsuspecting
(impress)by.
looking for the next thing he can do, which he thinks peoplewill be
2. Usethe word given toform a word that fits each space
Why are some people risk-takers?What makesthem take pan in
(danger)or
(explain)for this. Car racerslove
even life-threatening activities?There are different
(excite)of speed.while climbersget their thrill from
the
(face)
challengeof high mountains. Millions of yearsago, when people laced dangerdaily, risk-takingwas
(survive).Although living in today'sworld is
(easy)than
essentialfor
(base)instinct still remains.However,taking riskscan
it wasin thosedays,perhapsthat
(healthy)obsession.Some people can evenbecome addictedto danger,
become a ver)r
(interest)that the majority of riskand are unableto stop looking for it. It is also
(curiosity)?
takersseemto be men. Is this becausemen are more
Or do womenthink
(sense)?
twice about taking risksbecausethe]"are more
3. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
Running is excellent exercise.Before you start running. you should warm up first, using
(move)that make all your muscleswork. But be
slow
(care)! If
you stretchwhen your musclesare cold, you might _
(injury)yourself.Alwayswear
(comfort)clothing and make sureyour
(train)are in good shape.lf
you wear shoesthat give good supportto your whole foot, you will pr"rt
(little)pressureon
your knees.You should startexercising
(slow),at a paceyou can keepup for about 15-20
minutes.Try to exerciseon soft ground as this will
(protection)your kneesand hips
from too much tension.
106
C
WRITING
PersonalLetter
This is a part of a letter from Paul, your English pen friend.
...At school we are doingprojects on sports that are popular in different countries. Could you
tell me about two kinds of sports that are popular with Russianteenagers?Wy are theypopular? Do
you have enoughtime for sports?
By the way,I om thinking ofioining our schooldrama club. Is that a good idea?
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Paul
Write backto Paul.
In your letter
.
.
answerall his questions.
abouthis schooldramaclub
ask3 questions
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwritins.
Argumentative composition
Extreme sportshelp to build chorocter.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give I -2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
make a conclusion restatingyour opinion
t07
Read the text, learn the vocabularyond discuss
O THE ROLE OF YOUNG PEOPLEIN MODERN SOCIETY
What should young peopledo with tlteir lives today?
Ilany things, obviousll'.But the most doring thing is
to createstable comrnunitiesin which the terrible disease
of lonelinesscon be cured
Kurt Vonnegut
Adolesc€ntcis a vital period in life as this is the first tirne individualscan truly,'make_Lheir
own
decisions.The relationshipstecnagersiravc'n'ith thcir pee15,farlill'. and rnenrbersof their socialsphere
pla-va vital role in the socialdevclopnrcntof'an adolescglr!bccauseteenagL'rs
can be easil)'rnflulossdby
ivith.
the peoplethey developcloserelationshrps
The role of the famil-vin a teenager'slife changesdramaticall.v.
Somepsychologistssa-vabout the
generatiottgap.Generationgapis the differencein ideas,feelingsand interestsbetweenolder and younger
peoplewhich is often characterized
by the lack of understandirig.
Argumentsoften co_r1_9-_e_nt
nrirrorissue-s
of control,suchiis acceptable
clothing,and the aclolescent's
right tclprivacl,.whichteenagers
may have
previouslyviervecl
itsissuesoverrvhichtheir parentshud completeautho$lJ. Socialmedia hasalsoplayed
an increasingrole i11teenagerand parent disirgrc'enlents.
Whilc piuents ncver had to worr-naboLrtthe
parL'ntshavcvcry'
socialrnediain the past.it hasbeconrca dlingerousplircefor childrcn. Man.v_.
lfuealLs,ef
little knowledgeof social networking sitesarnclthis tirrther increasestheir mistrust" Despitechanging
f-amilyrolesduring adolescence.
the home e.nvuont_r:lent
and parents are still iulportant for tlre behaviors
and choicesof teenagers^
Teensrvho havea good relationshiprvith their parentsare lesslikely ta eigage,
jtr variousrisktre-haliots.
suchassmoking.drinking.fightin-e.
andior unptotecteel
sexualintercourse.Irr
addition.parentsinfluencetlie educationof aclolercence.
Most modern teenagers
realizewhat role educationpla-vsin modern world so they are more likely
to completesecondaryand higher educationto ge1better chancesof a careerdevelopmetlt.Of course
the amount of time adolescentsspcndon u'ork and leisrireactivitiesvariesgrcatl-v,
but more and more
teenagersare spendinsnlore time in school or ivorkingand lesstimc' on leisureactivities.The grorving
jobs in sunrrnertinreasthe problemof pocketmoneyexists.
numberof teenstr-vto find somepuirl-time
Someparentsare too strict and control how their childrenspendmoney.
Adolescenceis the period when teenagersoften becomeheavilyemotionallyinvestedin friends.
Friends de.mattstrutealgrc_at!:ri$pilcl_eu one another so it is common for teens to copy friends in
different situations.Pccr grsups can have positive influenceson an individual, such as on academic
motivation and performance.Unlbrtunately,they can also have negativeinfluences,like encouraging
experimentationwith drugs,drinking. vandalism.and stealing.So the socialenvironmenlwhich can be
createdfor a teenageris very important.
Within the pastten !'ears.the amourrtof socialnetu'orkln*s
S[e.:-ayailable
tetlrc_Uublichasgreatl]''
(
in
23%
teens
social
rnedia
rneauirrg
irrcreased.
One four
arel-heal:lr,
theyuseat leasttwo clifferent
)
users.
nieciia
Sonreps1'choklgists
haveindicatedthatelectroniccommunicatiorr
t-vpesofsoci:rl
eachandeverl'clav.
impairs their
a{Iectsadolescents'socialcleveloprlent.replacesfa-E_erla:lale_lQl!1mlu1lciition,
lregativel-v
social skills, arld cau somelimc'sleaclto unsaft interaE1totrurlhstra!]gcI5. Horvever.other researchers
suggeststhirt Intc'rnetcommunicationbringsll'icrtciscloserand is bc'neficial1brsociallyaruiioustecns.
who find it easierto interactsocitrlh'online.
Adolescenceis a period full of uncertainties;therefore,teenagersfeel the need to find somebody
that they can cling to, who would make them feei like they belong somewhereor to somethingin the
society.The role which a teenagershould neverplay is a desperate.lonely person,and this is everyone's
responsibility.The chanceshouldbe givento ever.vone.
r08
There are some waysto a happy life. Read thepiecesof adviceand discussthem:
.
Love yoLrrself.
Almost no orle is satisfiedwith the wa1'heor she looks. Rememberthat you are you
you
and
are unique.
Be yourself.You cannotbe "cool" all the time. And who determineswhat is cool?
The advertisingcompanies?MTV? The happinessfrom foilowing the crowd is not lasting.Don't
sacrificeyourselfto be with someonewho doesn'trespectyou.
Believein yourself- if you don't, how can you expectothersto'.)
Ifyou set yourselfgoals,alwaysset goalsthat you can reach.If you havedone enough,then award
yourself.Smile at your facein the mirror and say:"I did greattoday". Sayit threetimes and mean it.
Learn the powerof colour.Blue is calming,red givesyou energy,orangemakesyou more optimistic,
turquoisemakesyou lessshy and more confidentin vourself.
Believedreamscan come true; it's the first steporl the road to making them happen.
Learn to say "No". If you reallydon't want to do something,savso...If this is difficult for you, say
"This isn't easy.but I haveto say "no".
Eat breakfasl.Peoplewho maketime for it are slimmer and healtliier.
Exercise!It's reallyworth the time and effort it takes.Exerciseis fun. It strengthensyour muscles.
It's a good way to meet peopleand make friends.It helpsto get rid of pent-up emotionsand anger
and it can lift your mood.
Bewareof watchingtoo much television.Once on. the TV can be difficult to turn olL
Get eight hours sleepat night - you'11feeland look betterafter it.
Feelinglow? Meet a friend, listento rnusicor just havea sleep.Readingsomethingreally gripping
can alsohelp.
Expectto fail sometimes.It happensto everyone,no matter how successful.
The important thing is
your
to learn someusefullessont'roni
disappointments.
Learn the power of positivespeaking- soundingoptimistic makesyou feel that way.
Worried about something?What advicewould you give to your bestfriend? Take that adviceyourself.
Be social.Peoplewith friendslive longerthan loners.
- a sportsclub or a drama society.Peoplewho feel involvedare nroreoptimistic and
Join somethin-e
more snccessful.
chemicalsthat would otherwisebuild
Crying is an important way of gettingrid of stress-generated
up in your body.
nothing wrong with beingshy.But it wouldn't hurt to make an effort
Feelingshy?There'sabsolr"rtely
to be more social.
Do sport. It can giveyolr energyto live.
.
r
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
o
o
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(;
STUDENT CARD
Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"The Role of YoungPeoplein Modern Society".
Rememberto say:
.
o
.
What role the family playsin a teen's life
What the attitude of teenagersto educationis
What role friendsplay
Answerthe question:What problemsas a teenagerdo you face?
109
o
WORD FORMATION
1. Read the text below. Usethe word given in brackets toform a word thatfits the gap
(decide).It is very hard to make them in
Every day we have to make important
(who)the world is so simpleand
(young),becausewe arenot children,for_
(transit)
period teenagersare very
not yet adults,who have life experience.In this
(satisfy)
(change),fullof self-criticism,frequentchangesof mood,
are alsoeasily
with their appearance.Teenagers
(influence)by others.And just in this period a greatnumberof peoplebeginto smoke,communicatewith
(we)in orderto find the right
(differ) groups. But I think we should love
(social).
way in life and the placein
2. Fill in the conect word derivedfrom the word in brackets
How play has changed
(consider)overthe lastfifty years.In the
The way children play has changed
(safe)of children if they went out to play. Most
past, parentsdid not haveto fear the
(neighbour)were communities in which everyoneknew everyoneand children could
(add) there was hardly any
(supervise)
by adults.In
be left to play
pinch or used for a
(easy)
football
transformed into a
traffic and a street could be
(fortunate) things are very different today. Apart from the fact that our
game of tag,
(danger)than they were in the past,the last fifty yearshaveseen
streetsaremuchmore
(include),of
(create)
of more and more sophisticatedgames,
the_
course,the thousandsof computergameson the market.Too much time spentalone with a computer
(able)to form friendshipswith other children.
may damagethe child's
c
WRITING
PersonalLetter
This is a parl of a letterfrom Pam,your Englishpenfriend.
...1don't think it'sfair to make children do householdchoresbecouseweare too busyat school.
And what about you? Do you help you Mum aboat the house? Wat kind of things do you have to
do? Do you have enoughrtme tu do chores?
Asfor my plansfor the summer,I'm goingto Italy with myfriends. We'll be sndying ltalian at
a summer school. It's really great!
Hope to hearfrom you soon.
Love,
Pam
a
a
her questions.
Writebackto Pamanswering
Ask 3 questions
abouther trip to Italy.
Write100-140words.
Remember
the rulesof letterwriting.
ll0
O
GUIDED WRITING
Argumentativecomposition
Somepeoplethink that socialnetworkscon substitutereol-life communication.
What is your opinion?Do you agreewith this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
o
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
PARAGRAPH 1. INTRODUCTION
It is almost impossibleto live in isolation. Peopleneedcommunicationond in modern high tech world
it is more and more often tendsto takeplace on-line. Somepeopleare sure thal
. However,othersare convincedthat
PARAGRAPH 2
u,tunpuuepauu)
I stronglybelievethat (2-3 opeyweHmo
c nodmeeptrcdeuun.uu
PARAGRAPH 3
mo.tKo3peHun
c opzyMeHmauu)
On theotherhand,somepeoplearguethat(npomusono:toJrcHafl
_
tll
PARAGRAPH4
(odaacuumt,
I donotogreewiththeaboveidea(s)because
c udeauuusnapaepaQa
nolerryHecoeroceH
apeyweHmaJvu,
Heno*mopnnu,UwunapaepaQ2)
3, nodmeepdumb
PARAGRAPH5. CONCLUSION
All things considered,there are two points of view on the possibility*of substitutionreal-life
communicationfor on-line interaction in social networks. Tb my way of thinking,
t12
Read the text, learn the vocabulsryand discuss
LTVINGIN A BIG CITY
A ciQ is a place wherethere is no need to waitfor next weekto get
the answerto a queslion,to tastethefood of any country,tofnd new voices
to listen to and familiar onesto listen to osain
Margaret
iroa
A place where you live can have a hlge_lllpae! on your lifestyle. There are many reasonsto be
crime rate,icltool
takeninto considerationwhile
choosinga residence.
Clost.u'cather.demographics,
performance. and pro.ximit}'tci rvor!' nul a{J'ectvour choice on which neighborhoodis best for you.
Check out somefinancial,cultural and lifestylebenefitsand drawbacksof living in the city.
To many people a megalopolis(a metropolis)seemsan incredibly excitingplace to live. A big
advantageis accessto rich cnltural life. You can regularlygo to museums,Ar1galleriesand seeall the
latestf,lms. The residentsof big citiesare exposedto the diversityof people,they seeother culturesand
are enrichedby that. IrTa big city you can get ever)'thingat your fingertipsand anl.thingthat you want is
available24 hours! iay. You can havea lot offun on the budget.set countlessjobopportunitiesand be
advancedin education.However,with the good alsocome the bad.
Although a big city has morejob opportunities,thereare alsomore peoplecompetingfor a single
job. This can make your job searchfmstrating.You will seehundreds,if not thousandsofjobs available
but you still might get unemployed.The cost of living is typicaliyhigherin big citiesand it can cost you
an arm and a leg fbt a small apartmentin a decentareaof the city'.
Although the diversityis a good thing, the amount of people can be a bit overwhelming.There
will alwaysbe crowdsand alwaysbe peoplearound. Somepeopleevenmention the aggressive
natureof
the residentswhich can makethe life in a city ratheruncomfortable.Pollutionand noiseare a sadreality
A lrugeclor-rdof smog hoveringover the downtown
for a big city and one of the biggestdisadvantages.
skyline is a typical picture of any cityscape.Car alarmsgo offthrough the night, police sirenstoo. It's
hard to get a good night's sleep.There is alwaysmore crime in a big city so you are more likely to be a
victim living in a big city than in a small town. Children who are brought up in big citiesdo not have
freedom to go out in the streetand play. Everl.thinghasto be superv'isedand arrangedin advance.
"A nightmare!" you will say.For somepeoplethe disadvantages
are outweighingthe advantages
and they really considermoving out of a megalopolisin searchof a slowerpace of life and friendlier
peoplein suburbsor in the collntry. But most city dwellers,who enjoy the hustleand bustleand want to
be closeto the actior-rand new possibilities,feedoffthe cit],'senergyand wouldn't live anyrvhereelse.
Ia. Sndy thevocabulary:
Resident
Urban/rural
Large-scale
development
life
of
Quality
Air quality
Pollutionfrom autoemission
Rubbish/waste/ garbage
Recycle
Landfill
Heavy traffic (severetraffic)
Traffic jam
Cost of living
Poverty
Sprawlingslums
Employment opportunities / unemployment rate
Scatteredpocketsof greenery
The prospectof water/oxJgenshortage
113
Ib. Usethe wordsaboveto talk about theproblems of big cities
2. Decide which of thefollowingfactors you considerare mostfleastimportontfor a good quality of life, Put
them in order (number I - most important) and explain your choice
.
.
.
.
.
Clean streetswith no litter
Low crime rate
Work and jobs
No traffic congestion
Good public transportsystem
.
'
'
'
'
Good rangeof leisureand entertainmentfacilities
Good housing
Green spaces
Good schools
Clean air
3. Describe theplace whereyou live using this vocabulary:
Typesofhouses: a detachedhouse (notjoined to another house), semi-detached(a house that
is joined to another house on one side), a bungalow(a small housethat has all its rooms on the same
a cottage(a housein
level),a terracedhouse(a housein a row ofhouses),a block offlats, a skyscraper,
the country), a 5 storeybuilding;
Tlpes of flats/ apartments:a bed-sit (a rentedroom for living in),a studio (one small flat with one
main room; a one-bedroom/two-bedroomflat, a penthouse,a communal flat,
on the ....floor/ ground floor, to overlooksomething
Location: anareain the city center.not far from...., on the outskirtsof the city (the furthestparts
from the center),the suburbs(an areaawayfrom the centerwhere rnanypeoplelive),
Characteristics:overcrowded,shabby,spacious,poky (very small), cozy, tiny;
Living conditions:all modern conveniences:
central heating,running cold and hot water, home
securitysystem,built-in cupboards.
(,,
STUDENT CARD
Givea 2-2.5 minute tolk on"Living in a Big City".
Rememberto tolk about:
o Advantagesof living in a big city
. Disadvantagesof living in a cify
o The housesand living conditionsin the placeyou live
Answerthe question:What can you say for and againstliving in the country?
C
VOCABULARYEXERCISES
Read the text belowand decidewhich anwer A, B, C, D bestfits eachspace
A hectic time
Dear Trevor,
(2) we
(1) sinceI wrote to yolr but I've beenvery busl'_
I know it's been_
(3)
butasyou
decidedto move to the country.The houseis in the villageis not quite ready
(4) the lastfew weekswe've had to chaseup buildersand plumbersand we've
can imagine
(5) got a long way to go.
(6) work on it I've almostforgottenhow long it's
It's beensucha long time sincewe
(7) and we've
been exactly.We must havestartedit about sevenyears
n4
(8) spent a small fortune on it. We are
(9) living in our rather cramped flat where
(10) us a few yearsago but it
( l l ) to get unbearableand we
(12) forward to moving out. We are still
(13)aroundfrom morning
(14) night and it's been particularlyhectic
(15)the lastweek.Anyway,
(16) all this wasgoing on Karen fell and sprainedher ankle that wasthe last thing
you
we needed!
l. A longtime
2. A everytime
3. A still
4. A for
5. Ayet
6. A havestarted
7. A before
8. A still
9. A already
10.A werevisiting
11.Abegun
12.A havelooked
13.A rush
14.A and
15.A during
16.A in
o
B sometimes
B eversince
B already
Bas
B already
B start
B ago
B not
B still
B havevisited
B is beginning
B looked
B rushed
B into
B from
B during
C ages
C while
C yet
C while
C nearly
C did start
C previous
C already
C yet
C had beenvisited
C begins
C will look
C rushing
c rill
Cin
C while
D lately
D before
D soon
D since
D still
D started
D since
D yet
D longer
D visited
D begin
D arelooking
D berushed
D through
D while
D for
WRITING
PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfromJane,your Englishpenfriend.
...My hometownis rather smoll but I like it. Thepeople are here veryfriendly and they try to
keep our town clean and beoutiful. And do you enjoy living in a big city? How do you spendyour free
time there?
Anyway, I'm thinking of travelling to Russianext summer. Could you tell me what weather to
expect?
I hove to go now as I'm helping my Mum in the shop.
Lots of love,
Iane
Writebackto Jane
In your letter
.
.
answerall her questions.
ask3 questions
abouther hometown
Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine.
115
+
GUIDEDWRITING
1. Read someargumentsabout the life in a big city and in the countryside. llhat can you add?
LIITNG IN A BIG CITY:
positivesides
.
.
'
'
'
'
'
negativesides
air and noisepollution
cost of living is high
crime level is high
traffic jams / car crashes/ rush hours /
constantqueuing
alwaysin a hurry
litter and garbage
stressfullife
comfortable flats with all modern
conveniences
a lot of cultural centers,more entertainment
more chancesto be employed/ to enterthis
or that university
shoppingfacilities
sportsfacilities
developedtransport system
life is more anonymous
LIVING IN THE COUNTRYSIDE:
positivesides
'
.
'
.
.
cost of living is lower
life is safer
lesscrime
lesstraffic
freshair and beautifulnature
negative
sides
.
.
.
.
'
difficult living and working conditions
no entertainment
problemof employment
it takestoo much time to get to town
life is lessanonvmous
2. Usethe argumentsaboveto completea compositionon thefollowing topic
More and morepeopleare trying to moveto big cities everyyeor.
What is your opinion on living in a big city?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
.
.
make an introduction. (statethe problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion.
expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion.
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusionrestatingvour opiniou
116
Read the text, Iearn the vocabularv and discuss
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
Crime has alwaysbeena regrettablyconsistentelementof humon experience
Mark Frost
+
VOCABULARY
1. Match the criminals with the descriptions
1. thief
2. robber
a.
b.
c.
burglar
mugger
forger
kidnapper
d.
e.
arsonist
f.
g.
shoplifter
h.
vandal
l 0 hijacker
i.
j.
1 1 .blackmailer
k.
l 2 smuggler
l.
lJ.
murderer
someonewho kills somebodyelseon purpose
someonewho stealsthingsfrom shops
someonewho takesa person by force and demands
ransom in order to set them free
someonewho stealsthingsfrom a bank, post office,shop,
etc.,often usingthreatsand force
someonewho usesforce to take control of an airplane.
train, etc.
someonewho takesthingswhich do not belongto them
someonewho damagesother people'spropertyon
purpose.
someonewho attackspeople in the streetin order to steal
something
someonewho setsfire to propertyon purpose
someonewho breaksinto people'shousesto stealthings.
someonewho demandsmoney or favorsfrom someoneby
threateningto tell secretsabout them
someonewho takessomethingillegallyto anothercountry
m. someonewho illegallycopiessomething,especially
somethingprinted or written on paper,to make people
think that it is real
2. Match eochpunishment to the description
a life sentence
a fine
communityservice
a suspended
sentence
1. When you are giventhis sentence,you don't go to prison. If. however,you commit anothercrime
in the nearfuture,you will be sentto prison.
2 . When you aregiventhis sentenceyou haveto pay somemoneyto the court .
3. When you are giventhis sentence,you haveto do somethingfor your local area.The work you are
givenmight be connectedto the crime you committed.
4. When you are given this sentence,you are sent to prison for a very long time for committing a
seriouscrime.
tt7
3. Go through the list of offences.Then look at theforms of punishment and decide which is appropriatefor
each offence. llrite sentencesas in the example
OFFENCES
.
.
.
'
.
'
Murder
Hijacking an aircraft
Kidnapping
Littering
Writing graffiti on a public building
Stealinga car
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pickpocketing
Stealingsweets
Making noiselate at night
Beingon a bus without a ticket
Violent behavior in a football match
Toxic wastepollution
PUNISHMENT
To be sentencedto life imprisonment, to be sentto prison, to be fined a large/smallamount of money, to
be givena suspendedsentence,to be put on probation, to do community service,to be givena warning,
to be givencorporalpunishment, to be sentencedto deathpenaltyor capitalpunishment.
be sentencedto life
e.g. Murder is a major offence.I think that someonewho murderssomebodyshor,rld
imprisonment.
4. Completethefollowing chart
Verb
Person
Noun
accuse
accused
vandalize
vandal
smuggle
start a fire deliberatelv
arson
blackmailer
blackmail
commit a crime
cnme
hack into a computer
hacking
hijacker
hijack
lmpnson
pnson or lmpnsonment
kidnap
kidnapping
pnsoner
kill
mugger
mug
commit an offence
offence
pickpockel
pickpocket
rob
shoplifter
shoplift
stalk
stalking
thief
steal
suspect
susplcron
forger
forge
118
5. Match the crimes in the box to the descriptions( I - 10)
arson
mugging
hijacking
burglary forgery
smuggling vandalism
shoplffing
pick pocketing
robbery
domesticviolence
1. I caughthim just as he wastaking my wallet from my back pocket.
2. The gangwasarrestedwhile trying to get diamondsand drugsinto the country illegally
3. Terroristsorderedthe pilot to fly the planeto anothercountry.
4. The teenssmashedwindowsand sprayedgraffition the wallsof the youth center.
5. The thieveswere holding the bank managerat gun-point while they weretaking the cash.
6. When he broke the back window to set in. the alarm went off.
7. He wasfound guilty of copyingclassicpaintingsand trying to sell them as originals.
8. The gangof youth wasarrestedfor attackingthe woman and taking her handbag.
9. The two girls were found guilty of taking the item from the supermarketwithout paying for it. _
10. He hassetfire to the forestiustfor fun.
11. The womanwasoftenseenwith bruiseson her face.
6. Match the wordsfrom the box with the definitions
the accused
judge
policeman
witness
defenselawyer
jury
prosecutor
1. somebodywho hasbeenchargedwith committing a crime
2. a professionalwho decideshow a criminal shouldbe punished
3. a professionalwho speaksfor the accusedand adviseshim/her in court
4. someonewho hasseenthe crime happen
5. a group of peoplein court who decidewhethersomebodyis innocent or guilty
6. somebodywho is to deterpeoplefrom committing crimesand to arrestthosewho breakthe law
the law in court
7. a professionalwho represents
119
a)
READING
Read the text, Iearn the vocabularyand discuss
CRIME and PUNISHMENT
Some might define crime asan act of offencetowardsthe morality of humans.Others rnight regard
crime as an act that harms the universal human rights. First of all, however,crime is an offence made
towardsthe law.There are many reasonswhy peoplemay commit crimes and it dependson tlie type of
personthey are.Socialscientistssuggest
that criminal behavioris due to socialissueslike unemployment,
poor housingand lack of education.If a personremainsunemoloyedfor a long time it becomesdifficult
for him to support hirnself.Some people may turn to crime as an easyway of making money. Another
reasonis advertising.TV advertisingmakesyou want thingsyou don't really need.Somepeopleend up
stealingthings they want, but they can't afford. Some TV programsalso play their role in the rise in
crime among teenagers.
Seeingviolenceso often on the televisionmakesyoung peoplethink that it's all
right, and makesthem more likely to act in a l'iolent way in real life. What's more, criminals are often
shown in a way that makesthem and their lifestylelook glamorousand desirable.
In recent decades,crime rate in the world has sleaddLllercase_d.
There are severalmajor crimes:
murder, fo1qr$erapc, robbery,aggravatedassault(assaultwith intent to commit murder), property
crime, burglary,lalsetry_Ihc{i.motorvehicle theft, arson and manslaughteJ.
Hate crimesare definedas any oft'ensebasedon the disability,race.sexuality,religion and values
of tlre victims.The atrocitiesknown as hatecrimesare gettingall too common within today'ssociety.
While murders,robberies.
and rapesare categorized
as "streetcrimes",anothervarietyofcrime
"white
should alsobe mentioned.This other form of crime is
collar" crime. White collar crimesinclude
such forms as bank fraud, blackmail, bribqy, embezzlementand curreneyrehcnEt.
When a crime is committed. the police begin investigatingit. If they are a success.the criminal
is arrestedand facestlie trial. The jury finds him guilt),or not guilt!'. If the accusedis found guilt)r,tlie
judge nassesthe sentenceon him. The accusedhasthe right to applyto the highercourt where his or her
casewill be heard again.In many counlriesthe capitalpunishmentor deathpenaltyis abolished,so life
sentenceis the most rerelil2udshmg{. Probationputs the convictedcriminal under the supervisionof
the stateand is typically used for nonviolentoffenders.Criminals sentencedto community serviceare
often nonviolentoffenders.too.
It is true that somecriminalscommit crimesagainafterthey havebeenpunished.Thereare two
main reasonsfor re-offenders.Firstl1,,the prison systenrcan make the situationworse. Criminals put
togetherin prison and they make friendswith other offendersand exchangeinformation about what
they havedone beforethey came to the prison or they may plan crimes with other inmates.Secondly,
offendersoften do not have any other means of earning money. They are poor, uneducated;and a
criminal recordmakesfinding a job difficult aspeopleusuallyavoid hiring ex-convict.
To solve this problem, governmentsshould focus on rehabilitationof criminals rather than
punishment.Above all, prisonsneedvocationaltrainingwhich makesinmatesto preparefor life outside
the prison.They can learn practicalskillssuchascomputerprogramming,car maintenanceand graphic
desigr-r.
Thus, the problemcan be solvedby focusingrehabilitationratherthan punishmentitself.
120
What makespeople commit crimes?Do you agree?Add somemore reasons
o
.
.
.
o
Socialconditions:povertyand drug/alcoholaddiction
Homelessteensstealin order to eat
The gap betweenthe living conditionsof differentclasses
The rich commit crimesfor the sakeof easymoney and to be wealthier
Young peopleoften grow up without any firm idea about the differencebetweenright and wrong,
becauseparentsare too busyworking to guidetheir children
The police may also be to blame. There are caseswhen the offender may not be punished at all
or may be given a fine
.
O STUDENT CARI)
Givea 2-2.5 minutetolk on thetopic"CrimeandPunishment".
Rememberto say:
.
r
o
o
Whypeoplecommitcrimes
Whattypesof crimeyouknow
Whattypesof punishmentyouknow
Whatyour attitudeto rehabilitationof criminalsis
Whatis the criminalsituationin the placeyou live?
Answerthequestion:
O
VOCABULARYEXERCISES
I. Read the text belowand decidewhich answerA, B, C or D bestfits eachgap
The young man lived in a slum areaof the city all his life and it wasjust a matter of time before
he was in (1)........
with the law. At school, which he hardly ever attended, not only did he
(2>...................the
school propertybut he was also a bully, frighteningand beatingup other children.
When he was fifteen, he was (3)....................forbreaking
into a local shop. At the age of sixteen,he
was (4)................with
assault.He got off'with two years'(5)........................for
this and wasset free.
Within six months,he wasbackin (6)...............after
he hadbeenarrestedfor stealingcars.This time, he
was(7)......................to
two yearsin prison.After liis release,
l-Le
againturnedto crime.This time it was
pleaded
(8)...................despitethe fact he had been caughtred-handed.
bank robbery. At his trial he
He wasfound (9).........................and
thejudgesentenced
him to ten years(10)..................
Schoolsociologistsblame his background,while otherssayhe wasjust bad.
1. Aproblems
2. Amug
3. Aaccused
4. Acharged
5. Apunishment
6. Acourt
7. Apunished
8. Aguilt
9. Asuspicious
l0.Aprison
Bdefense
Bvandalize
Bcharged
Baccused
Bbail
Bprobation
Baccused
Bsuspicious
Bguilty
Bprobation
Ctrouble
Cthieve
Csentenced
Creleased
Cprobation
Cjail
Ccommitted
Cinnocent
Cillegal
Coffence
t2l
Dcourt
Drob
Darrested
Dsuspected
Dfine
Dtrial
Dsentenced
Dfree
Dagainst
Dimprisonment
2. Completethe wordpatterns with wordsfrom the box
accuse
charge
suspect
apologize
get away
let off
sentence
blame
somebodywith a crime
somebodv
wltn a warruns.
somebodyof (doing) something.
somebodyof (doing) something.
with a crime.
somebodyfor a crime.
somebodyto time in prison.
for (doing) something.
WORD FORMATION
L FiA in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitableform of the wordsgiven in brackets
(systematize)offi
ngerprints
The
reachedBritainin I 901andproved
(use).In 1930,ScotlandYardsetup its first
(classifl) systemto enable officers to
(crime)known
comparefingerprintsfound on the sceneof crime with thoseof
police.
(great)
to the
Fingerprinttechnologyhas advanced
sincethen.Differenttypesof
(strong)the impressionof the firigerprint before it is taken. Another
(revolutionary)has been in the way that fingerprints are identified. Today, the first
(searching)
is done by the compuler.which then producesa
(select)of possiblematches.The final
(identiff)howeveris done by police
experts.
oowder are usedto
2. Completethe sentenceswith the correctform of the word in bold
(crime)are eventuallycaughtby the police.
Most
(fail)of the policeto catchrobbers.
There wasan investieationinto the
(describe)ofher attackerto the
J,
The womalr was able to sive a verv detailed
police.
(poor)is connectedto crime, but not all poor peoplebecome
4. I acceptthat
criminals.
(prove)that he
5. The accusedman walkedfreefrom the court becausetherewasno
committedthe crirne.
(low) the ageat which young childrencan be
6. The governmentis tryingto
prison.
sentto
I
)
3. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
The unlucky burglar
(crime). He was an
This is a true storv about a rather unfortunate
(extreme)persistentburglar, who was busy robbing an empty house when he was
(expected)disturbedb-v"
(arrive)of the two people
the
suddenlyand
(argue)
with the couple, he managedto push
who lived there. After a shor1.ansrv
pastthem and escapeinto their backgarden
(lucky) for hinr. he fbund the gardenwas
122
(complete)surroundedb-vliigh fencesat the sides,and a wall at the end. Although he
(know)of what wason the other side,he decidedto get overthe wall. Showing
had no
great
(athlete)ability,he ran at the wall and was
(succeed)
in getting
(amaze)
over it but when he landedon the other sidehe found to his
and horror thal
he wasstandingin the local orisonvard.
4. FiU in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
Criminal behavior
(globe)phenomenon.Somepeoplesaythat a lot
The increasein city crime is a
(migrate)and the new people arriving from other
of crime in this countrv is becauseof
(culture)
values
countriesbring differenl
and attitudesto the law. I don't aereewith
this ideabecausethe most common crimesare (local)producedand not imported from other countries.
(vandal)is one of the biggestcrimes in nTycity with bus sheltersand shop windows
(pay)parkingfines.whicli is unlikely
being popular targets.Another popular crime is
to be becauseof imrnierantsbecausemost of them do not own cars.
(oppose)point of view is that young local peoplefeelangrywhen they can't
The
get a job and in order to
(hand)the changein their environment,they strikeout at
(thief) is more common than car crime
easytargets.This would explainwhy bicycle
(neighbour)wheremost carsare protectedwith electronic
thesedays,especiallyin rich
alarms.Another reason,though, for so many bicyclesgettingstolenmight be that the
(punish)is not very severecomparedto car stealingwhich can land you in prison for a number of years.
A TOPIC FORDISCUSSION
O
Resd and discussargumentsfor and againstsendingpeople to prison. What is your opinion?
Arguments for imprisonment:
o
.
.
Prisonsprotect us from thosewho might harm us
A chanceto realizewhat a personhasdone; analyzehis/her previouslife.
To feel the price of freedom
Argumentsagainstimprisonment:
.
.
.
Horrible conditions,inadequatemedicalcare,abuseby guards
Criminals learn in prison how to commit worsecrimes
People are releasedwith only a few rubles in their pocketsand a perspectiveof being
unemployed
I z.)
GUIDEDWRITING
+
Argumentative composition
1. Read and discussargumentssupportingand denying thefact that the rise in the crime rate and violence
shown on W are connected
Arguments supporting the idea:
o Children become more aggressiveafter watching violent shows.
o Young people tend to imitate crime techniqueswatchedon TV.
. Teenagersare likely to be arrestedfor criminal acts after watching crime series.
Argumentsrejectingthe idea:
o TVjust reflectsthe increasein violenceand crime in society.
.
Crime programscan stoppeoplefrom breakingthe law asthey r"rsually
showthat crime doesn't
pay.
o Teenagerslearn about the consequencesof crime so they will think twice before committing
any crime.
o The main reasonfor committing crimesis povertyand bad education,not TV programs.
2.
Usethe cluesto completeyour composition.Commentthefollowing statement
Violenceon W and crime in societyare clearly related.
Do you agreeor disagree?Do you think violenceon TV shouldbe forbidden?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
.
.
.
o
.
make an introduction. (statetlie problem)
expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make a conclusion restatingyour opiniorr
r24
(WORD FORMATION BANK)
Ta6ruua-c"ronoo6pasonaHne
NOUN
N)
VERB
ADJECTIVE
ADYERB
NOTES