Загрузил Oleg Radjush

Early Slavic antiquites

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Grody Czerwieñskie –złote jabłko polskiej archeologii.
Seminarium nr 4.
Kraków 7-9.12.2016
Early Slavic antiquities in the Middle Dnieper
region at the third quarter of the first
millennium AD - the boundaries of cultures and
the challenge of black archeology:
a view from the banks of the Neva
Dr. Olga Shcheglova
Insitute for the History of the Material Culture,
Chair of archaeology of The Institute of History
St. Petersburg University
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
.
some memorable records…
“Slavic” archaeological cultures 57 centuries AD in Eastern Europe
Kolochin culture
Prague-Korchak
culture
Pen’kovka culture
Last 20 years:
-- the radical changes in the view
of the metal finds - their number
increased dramatically.
.
The less of
scientific
excavations
-the
context
of
metal
finds
irremediably lost, they are removed
from the complex and the cultural layer.
-- the only complexes in which with a
certain degree of confidence can be
traced things met together are hoards.
Uncontrolled spread of
predatory
activities
with metal detectors,
which turned into a
national disaster in
Russia , Ukraine and
Belarus, :
-- in this case, the accuracy of the
information about the origin of such
findings is low, but in some cases it can
be tested, the accuracy of the
information about their composition low too, they can be falsified ;
completeness - different from disparate
until completely combined. So, in this
rate the finds are not much different
from the hoards described in the classic
work of G.F. Korzukhina (Корзухина
1996).
the only representative category of multi-component
complexes from the territory in question are
hoards.
Issue 1
How many complexes should be
considered?
(the number and distribution)

Gaponovo and Sudzha treasures in Kursk
regional archeology museum
15 treasures of the 1st group
with "provenance"
Treasures of the 1st group with reference to
the nearest point
•Трубчевск
•Мена
•Гапоново
•Суджа-1949
•Великие Будки
•Нижняя Сыроватка
•Смородино
•Первое Цепляево
•Блажки
•Козиевка/Новая Одесса
•Колосково
•Валуйки
•Малый Ржавец
•Мартыновка
•Вильховчик
•Хацки
«между
Путивлем и
Шосткой»
Путивльский клад 2012
Суджа-Замостье 2010
Суджа-Куриловка 2009
Суджа- Девичье Озеро
2013
Уланок 2012
Лебединский район
Сумской 2011
Барвинкова Гора
Бассейн Оскола в
Белгородской 2009
*Коропиевский клад
Хитцы (?) – с
«человечками»
Шостань Полтавской
Черкасский клад
Ирдынские болота
Матронино
Treasures of the 1st group with reference
to district / region
с«
1
1
3
2nd group treasures
Treasures of group 2 with
reference to the nearest point
•Киев
•Воробъевка
•Пастырское 1892
•Пастырское 1949
•Пастырское 1992
•Черкасский клад
•Левый берег Ирдыни
•Буда 1
•Буда2
•Буда 3
•Буда 4
•Юг Черкасской область
•Смела
•Грушевцы (Чигирин)
• Матронинское городище
•Харьевка
•Зайцев
•Рыльск -2009
•Уланок
Treasures of group 2 with
reference to district / region :
•Киев
•Воробъевка
•Пастырское 1892
•Пастырское 1949
•Пастырское 1992
•Черкасский клад
•Левый берег Ирдыни
•Буда 1
•Буда2
•Буда 3
•Буда 4
•Юг Черкасской область
•Смела
•Грушевцы (Чигирин)
• Матронинское городище
•Харьевка
•Зайцев
•Рыльск -2009
•Уланок
The sad statistics
Interpretations are
built taking into
account 21 (15 + 6)
complex
Up to a point known
50 complexes (31 +
19)
Up to a region known
49+ complexes
=about 100 treasures
In the archaeological
context during the
excavation – 1
The place is known and
fairly investigated
-3+2
Of them
in the settlements - 3
outside the settlements
-2
Issue 2:

The amount of non-ferrous metal in
the disposal of population

The amount non-ferrous metals, which were in
use, are very large. However, gold is not
represented at all, and silver is poor-quality.
Issue 3
What do the complex reflect?
In the complexes deposited or an individual attire,
male or female, or a number of them, belonging
to a small group (maximum 5 -6 individuals). At
the same time there are complexes with
unpaired things and scrap.
Female + male
male
й
Female
Jeweler treasure templates and tools
Issue 4


Elite? Potestarian structure?
Deposition of these hoards was not “hiding
treasures”. The “wealth” of these complexes is
alleged. Unification of the composition of a set of
ornaments reflectsthe overall homogeneity and
“egalitarianism” of material culture in the third
quarter of 1st Millenium in the region in
question. On the basis of these materials, it is
impossible to draw a conclusion neither an “elite”
nor the “Potestarian structure”.
The “wealth” of these complexes
is alleged
Reconstruction of a female
and a girl's dresses
(burial cemetery Louchistoue - Krimea
and burial in Mokhnach)
Issue 5
Dating
1. Silver stamps
577 г.
(Dodd,
1961. № 23; Mango, 1994. S.
36–38; Pekarskaja, Kidd,
1994. № 99. Taf. 47–50)
Martinovka
Soudza-Zamostie
Константин IV (668–685).
Rodinkova-Zalesskaya 2012
Coins
Фоллис, Константинополь, 14 год правления,
ок.35 мм. Такой год м.б.только либо у
Юстиниана = тот же 95a или у Маврикия
=67d, что означает, что это либо 540/541
(MIB Iustinianus I 95a) либо 595/596 (MIB
Mauricius 67D?), на Балканах в обращении
до 592 в массе и 610 единицами и до
610...613 и единицами в сер. VII в.,
соответственно.
Рабочие определения
И комментарии
П.В. Шувалова
MIB-IUSTINIANUS_I_95a Фоллис
DNIVSTINI-ANVSPPAVC Константинополь
первая оффицина 17 год правления =
543/544, сохранность очень хорошая (по
моим данным анализа балканских кладов
в обращении на Балканах в массе до 585,
а единицами до 602)
Комплекс с сасанидской
монетой
сасанидская
драхма Кавада
I, второе правление (499531)
определение – Вяч. С.
Intermediate conclusion


The existence of such a usage (a cultural norm),
as a mass deposition of the elements of
ceremonial costume in hoards, is a sign of the
cultural unity of the ancient community.
This community can not be correlated with
“Antes” descrided in written sources.
Questions:

Were hoards complexes of prolonged
accumulation?

How can be characterized the deposition of
hoards (gradual, one-time, deliberate, etc.)?

What compelled to deposit the sets of elements
of the traditional ceremonial dress in a plurality
of treasures?

What is the role of the ”treasures of artisans”,
containing serial things, scrap and ingots?
Thank you for attention!
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