Случаи употребления Present Perfect

Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола
have/has и формы причастия прошедшего времени (past Participle)
смыслового глагола.
I have worked
You have worked
We have worked
They have worked
He has worked
She has worked
It has worked
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол
ставится перед подлежащим.
Have I worked?
Have you worked?
Have we worked?
Have they worked?
Has he worked?
Has she worked?
Has it worked?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы
not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола.
I have not worked
You have not worked
We have not worked
They have not worked
He has not worked
She has not worked
It has not worked
1. Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия,
совершившегося к настоящему моменту, результат которого
имеется налицо в настоящем времени.
Оно может выражать действие, совершившееся как
непосредственно перед моментом речи, так и более отдаленное
время в прошлом.
При употреблении Present Perfect говорящий обращает внимание
собеседника на результат, вытекающий из совершенного
действия, а не на время его совершения.
Наличие результата связывает совершившееся действие,
выраженное Present Perfect, с настоящим.
Примеры:
A)I have broken my pencil – я сломал свой карандаш.
B) Has the secretary come? – пришел ли секретарь?
C) I have opened the window – я открыл окно.
D)I have not written my exercise – не написал
упражнение.
2. В зависимости от значения глагола результат действия,
выраженного в Present Perfect может и не быть конкретным, как в
приведенных примерах, а выражается иным образом.
Пример:
I have not read that book – я не читал этой книги.
3. Present Perfect употребляется для выражения как однократного
действия, так и действия, повторявшегося много раз.
Примеры:
A) I have read that book twice – я прочитал эту книгу дважды.
B) I have seen the film “The game” three times – я видел фильм
«Игра» три раза.
Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного
времени:
Ever – когда либо
Never – никогда
Often – часто
Already – уже
Yet – еще
Примеры:
A) I have newer read that book – я никогда не читал эту книгу.
B) Have you ever been to the Caucasus – был ли ты когда – нибудь
на Кавказе.
C) I have already read this book – я уже прочел эту книгу.
Present Perfect употребляется с наречиями lately – последнее
время, just – только что.
Примеры:
A) I haven’t received any latters from him lately – за последнее
время я не получал от него писем.
B) I have just seen him – я только что видел его.
1. I have seen this movie. — Я видел этот фильм.
2. Mike has travelled a lot. — Майк много путешествовал.
3. Has she come? — Она пришла?
4. Have they left? — Они уехали?
5. She has been my teacher of music for many years. — Она была
моей учительницей музыки много лет.
6. I have never been to China. — Я никогда не был в Китае.
7. Have you ever been to Australia? — Вы когда-нибудь были в
Австралии?
8. I have sent the letter today - Я отправил письмо сегодня.
9. I have already done this work - Я уже сделал эту работу.
10. She has seen Mary lately - Она видела Марию недавно.
Упражнение 1.
Заполните таблицу, используя следующие формы глагола. Complete the table with the
base forms and the past participles. Use the words in the box.
Lose, taken, swim, bought, do, written, run, eaten, take, won, write, done, buy, lost, win, run,
eat, swum
base form
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
past simple
bought
did
ate
lost
ran
swam
took
won
wrote
past participle
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
Упражнение 2.
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.
1) He _____ (finish) training.
2) She _____ (score) twenty points in the match.
3) We _____ (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.
4) That's amazing! She _____ (run) fifteen kilometers this morning!
5) She _____ (buy) some really nice rollerblades!
6) Oh, no! I _____ (lose) my money!
7) My mum _____ (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.
8) Dad, you _____ (eat) my biscuit!
9) I’m tired _____ (watch) three X-Files videos.
10) Hurry up! They _____ (start) the film!
11) Mary _____ (study) hard this year, so she'll pass her exams.
12) Oh no! She _____ (drop) the plate!
13) The garden is very green. It _____ (rain) a lot this month.
14) These are my favourite trousers. I _____ (have) them for five years.
15) Tom's my best friend. I _____ (know) him for three years.
16) They _____ (live) in Miami for two years.
17) Jo has earache. He _____ (have) it since 7 o'clock.
18) Brad _____ (live) in Chicago since 1998.
Упражнение 3.
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect negative.
1) I _____ (not clean) my football boots.
2) They _____ (not start) their meal.
3) I _____ (not do) my homework.
4) He _____ (not win) all his matches this year.
5) My brother and I _____ (not see) any films this week.
6) It's my birthday party today. I _____ (not invite) many people.
7) He _____ (not wash) his hands. They're very dirty.
8) Mum's really angry. We _____ (not tidy) our room!
9) I can't play with my friends this evening. I _____ (not finish) my homework.
10) I _____ (not visit) New York for three years.
11) Where's Alison? We _____ (not see) her since yesterday.
12) Dad _____ (not take) a holiday since last August.
13) John _____ (not play) the violin since he was school.
Упражнение 4.
В письме есть 4 ошибки на использование for и since. Найдите и исправьте их. These are
some sentences from Nigel’s letter home from Africa. He has made four mistakes in using
‘for’ and ‘since’. Correct his mistakes.
Dear Mum and Dad,
I've lived in Africa since two weeks and I love it! Africa is beautiful! I haven’t travelled to any
faraway place for last summer. I’m so happy now!
I’ve already seen Mr. Rambler. He is working for WWF here and taking photos of wild animals.
I haven’t seen any lions yet. I think I’ll see them later.
Thank you for the trip. I’ve dreamed of Kenya for my childhood. I haven’t seen you since ages!
I miss you so much!
Love, Nigel.
Упражнение 5.
Дополните предложения словами for или since. Complete the sentences. Use for or since.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
I've lived in Washington _____ 1997.
Ben has studied English _____ three years.
They haven't visited their grandparents _____ months.
Julie's ill. She's been in bed _____ Tuesday.
My dad has had his new car_____ six.
It's been ten years_____ we moved to Oxford.