Мужчины, мальчики и поле боя

!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
!"#$%&'() !"*+ #&%,$%(- 22 (*./ 0940 1"23, (4$/ 5"-$$ 6$4 7/%(4(--("..8* 3,4(*. 9%" 5:-3 .3&%"-;'" 1,"+.3/ &(-3, 6%" 43-" 8 '"1" #"+.('3-"
&"4.$.($, 6%" 3,4(/ &4"<$% # &34:$ '","%'($ &,"'( ,3+1,"4(%; =3>(&%&'(?
+3?#3%6('"# ( 7$,$.$&%( &#"* 7"5$2"."&.8* #").8 .3 (? %$,,(%",(*. @" 8<$
' '".A8 7$,#") .$2$-( #").: B%( (--*+(( 5:-( ,3+#$/.:, 3 7"&-$ +.34$.(%"1"
"5,3C$.(/ !%3-(.3 ' &"#$%&'"48 .3,"28, ' «5,3%;/4 ( &$&%,34», 7,(>-" /&."$ 7".(43.($ %"1" =3'%3, 6%" 3,4(/ .8<23$%&/ # 7"4"C(. D<$ # 7$,#:) 4$&/A #").: ,"2(-&/ (&%",(6$&'() -"+8.1 «E&$ 2-/ =,".%3, #&$ 2-/ 7"5$2:»,
'"%",:) #:,3<3- ,$>(4"&%; "5C$&%#3 #+/%; 2$-" # &#"( ,8'(. ! ."#") &(-")
5:- 8',$7-$. &"*+ 4$<28 3,4($) ( .3,"2"4.
F2."#,$4$.." & B%(4 # &"+.3.(( "5C$&%#3 ',(&%3--(+"#3-&/ "5,3+ &#"$1" +3C(%.('3. E $1" ,"-( #:&%873- 4"-"2") 5"$A, '"%",:) 43&&"#:4 7",/2'"4 %(,3<(,"#3-&/ .3 7-3'3%3? #"$..:? -$%, =(18,(,"#3- .3 '(."B',3.$ # =(-;4$ «G#3 5")A3» (0942), <(- .3 &%,3.(A3? 7"B4: H#3,2"#&'"1" «E3&(-() H$,'(.» (0940–0945). 9%" 5:- &'",$$ 4"-"2") 6$-"#$', 6$4 +,$-:) 48<6(.3, 5$+8&:), ." 8<$ .$ *.$A. I1" #"+,3&% '"-$53-&/ 12$-%" 4$<28 2#32A3%;* 2#84/
( 2#32A3%;* 7/%;* 1"234(, ( 8 .$1", '3' 4"<." 5:-" 7,$27"-"<(%;, $C$ .$
5:-" &"5&%#$..") &$4;(. 9%" 5:-, 5$+8&-"#.", 5"$A ,$18-/,.") 3,4((, '"%","48 # &(-8 $1" =(+(6$&'(? '".2(A() ( #"+,3&%3 7"-313-"&; ,3&7,3#-/%;&/ &
«=3>(&%&'(4 +#$,$4». I1" +37"4(.3*C()&/ "5,3+ +,(4" #:,3<3- 4:&-; "
%"4, 6%" &"-23%-+3C(%.(' /#-/$%&/ -86>(4 (+ &:."#$) &#"$1" .3,"23, $1"
73)48%( 7'&.(, 6%" B%" 23-$'" .$ 4-32>() &:., 7"&'"-;'8 4-32>(4 &:."#;/4 7"-313$%&/ .3?"2(%;&/ 2"43, 7,( 43%$,( ( &$&%,3?.
!-$28$% &7,"&(%;, .3&'"-;'" B%"% "5,3+ "%,3<3- ,$3-;."$ 7"-"<$.($ 2$-.
@3 4."1(? '32,3? #"$..") ?,".('( 4: 7"6%( .$ .3?"2(4 *.">$&'(? -(A, ."
#&%,$63$4&/ & -*2;4( # &"-23%&'") =",4$, 6$) #"+,3&% +.36(%$-;." #:>$,
& 48<6(.34( &,$2.(? -$%, "% %,(2A3%( 2" 7/%(2$&/%(. J"-#(2(4"48, 7-3'3%."-'(.$43%"1,3=(6$&'() &"-23% 5:- &'",$$ 7"<$-3.($4, 6$4 ,$3-;."&%;*.
G3-$'" .$ &$',$%, 6%" 5"-;>"$ 6(&-" %$?, '%" 7"1(5 # 7$,#:$ 2#3 1"23 #").:,
5:-( (4$.." 4"-"2:4( -*2;4(, ,"2(#>(4(&/ # 0922–0923 1"23?, " '"%",:?
034
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
K,(1",() L3'-3."# %,31(6$&'( 4$%'" &'3+3-: «@3#$'( — 2$#/%.32A3%(-$%.($».0
E"+4"<.", 582$% 7,3#(-;." 8%#$,<23%;, 6%" 7"5$28 2-/ &"#$%&'"1" .3,"23 #
%") 1,"+.") #").$ +3#"$#3-( .$ 43-;6(>'(, .$ &"-23%: "&."#."1" 7,(+:#."1"
#"+,3&%3, .", &'",$$, (? "%A:, $&-( .$ &'3+3%; 5"-$$ >(,"'" — &34 .3,"2. M$<28
%$4 .3 7-3'3%$ &","'"#:? 1"2"# ( &"-23%-+3C(%.(', ( &"-23%-7"5$2(%$-; #."#;
( #."#; ,$7,$+$.%(,"#3-(&; # "5,3+$ 4"-"2"1" 6$-"#$'3, %. $. %"1", '"48 .3,"2
9.:/41/3 #:7"-.(%; ,3%."$ 2$-", &34 "&%3#3/&; .3 #%","4 7-3.$ — .3 '"-?"+."4 7"-$, # +3#"2&'"4 A$?8, # >'"-$ ( 2"43.
M"<." %$7$,; &7,"&(%;, 7"6$48 &"#$%&'($ 43&&-4$2(3 B7"?( F%$6$&%#$..") #").: 87",." %,3.&-(,"#3-( (4$.." %3'") "5,3+ &"-23%3, '"%",:) 5:- .3
A$-:) 7",/2"' 4"-"<$ &#"$1" ,$3-;."1" 7,"%"%(73. @$ &#/+3." -( B%" & <$-3.($4 7,$2&%3#(%; .$'() (2$3-(+(,"#3..:) %(7 48<$&%#$.."&%(, "%#$63*C()
1-85(..:4 7"<$-3.(/4 .3,"23 ( $1" #"<2$)? E &34"4 2$-$, B%"% (2$3-;.:)
%(7, -(>$..:) 7,(+.3'"# 7"2-(..") +,$-"&%( (5$+ 8&"#), $2#3 -( .$ 5$&7"-:),
#7"-.$ 4"1 "%#$63%; B%(4 .32$<234. F2.3'" .$ ?"%$-"&; 5: &#"2(%; 2$-"
(&'-*6(%$-;." ' 7&(?"-"1(6$&'(4 "5N/&.$.(/4 B%") +3'"."4$,."&%(.2 J,( B%"4
( 6(&%" &"A("-"1(6$&'3/ %,3'%"#'3 +2$&; #(2(%&/ .$2"&%3%"6."), ?"%/ #"(.+3C(%.(' # '36$&%#$ &"-23%3 ,$18-/,.") 3,4(( &%3%(&%(6$&'( 2"-<$. 5:(2$.%(=(A(,"#3%;&/ '3' 4"-"2") 6$-"#$' 2$#/%.32A3%(-2#32A3%(2#8?-$%.$1" #"+,3&%3. O 7"-313*, 7$,$2 .34( &"A(3-;."-3.%,"7"-"1(6$&'() =3'%.
P.:4( &-"#34(, 2$-" '3&3$%&/ 7,"5-$4: &"A(3-;."1" 7,"(+#"2&%#3 '".',$%."1" %(73 ("#/73:/&&.73%, 7,(+.3#3$4"1" # '".',$%.8* (&%",(6$&'8*
B7"?8 # '36$&%#$ &"A(3-;." 7,($4-$4"1" %(73. G-/ "5N/&.$.(/ B%"1" =3'%3
4"<." 5:-" 5: "5,3%(%;&/ ' #$&;43 +.36(%$-;."48 &7(&'8 7,(6(.. @" # B%")
&%3%;$ 4.$ ?"6$%&/ "5,3%(%; #.(43.($ -(>; .3 %,( 1,877: "5&%"/%$-;&%#,
'"%",:$ &2$-3-( #"+4"<.:4 ,3&&43%,(#3%; &"-23%3 &$,$2(.: QQ #$'3 '3'
()*+$%,), 7,"%(#"7"&%3#(# $1" "5,3+ "5,3+8 :.%&)-("#$%&', '"%",:) .3
.$'"%","$ #,$4/ &%3- ,$2'") =(18,") &(4#"-(6$&'"1" 7,"&%,3.&%#3, #&$ <$ .$
(&6$+.8# # 7,(.A(7$. E 7$,#8* "6$,$2;, / &"&,$2"%"68 #.(43.($ .3 (+4$.$.(/? # "5-3&%( #"$..:? %$?."-"1() ( #&$1" 7",/2'3 #$C$), "5,3+8*C(? =$."4$., '"%",:) 23-$$ / 5828 .3+:#3%; -.*/( 0.1. E"-#%",:?, 582$% ,3&&4"%,$.
?3,3'%$, #+3(4""%.">$.() 4$<28 "5C$&%#"4 ( 3,4($) # QQ #$'$ 7"2 81-"4
+,$.(/ (+4$.$.(/ #"$..") 2"'%,(.: ( ?3,3'%$,3 -4/973):*/&%5 . -4%4.9/
:.5&'. E-%,$%;(?, ,$6; 7")2$% " &7$A(=(6$&'"4 "5&%"/%$-;&%#$, &#/+3.."4 &
7,".('."#$.($4 # 7,"&%,3.&%#" #"$.."1" 2$-3 "&"5") 3.$,% ;4/&%1 .3 &"-23%3, '"%",3/ #:,353%:#3$%&/ 4$2(A(.&'(4 ,35"%.('"4. E =(.3-;.") 63&%( &%3%;( ,3+1"#", 7")2$% " &"#,$4$..") &(%83A(( & 1$.2$,.") (2$.%(6."&%;* &"-23%3, '"%",3/ 7,"(+#"2(%&/ 7"2 #-(/.($4 ."#$)>(? %,3.&=",43A() # &=$,$
#"$..") %$?.('( ( 7"-(%('(.
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
035
!"#$ %"&: '$ ()"&)*, + ,-()"&)*
E&7"4.(4 .3+#3.($ "2."1" (+ B7"?3-;.:? '(."7"#$&%#"#3.() &"#$%&'")
B7"?(: «E 5") (28% "2.( &%3,('(». F6$.; 8236."$ .3+#3.($, 7"2,3+84$#3*C$$
&-$28*C() "5","% 4:&-(: #,$4/ #:?"2(%; 73)4%,)(, (5" <&.8% 8<$ 7"-$1-( # 5"*. R ',"4$ %"1": %"%, '%" 7,">$- 6$,$+ 4/&",85'8 &,3<$.(/, 5"-;>$
8<$ .$ *.">3, ." &%3,('. @3 3,4$)&'"4 &-$.1$ «&%3,('» +.36(% «5:#3-:)
&"-23%», «#$%$,3.».
E 8&-"#(/? 4(,."1" #,$4$.( «&%3,('34(» &%3."#/%&/, "%&-8<(# 1"2-7"-%",3 # ,/23? #"",8<$..:? &(-, # .:.$>.$) ,"&&()&'") 3,4(( — .3 7"&-$2.$)
6$%#$,%( &,"'3 &-8<5:. E 3,4$)&'"4 ="-;'-",$ 0980-? 1"2"# =(18,(,"#3-"
7"-8>8%-(#"-7"6$%."$ «2$2'», «2$28>'( &"#$%&'") 3,4((».3 «!%3,('(» 0980-?
7"6%( .$ .*?3-( =,".%"#"1" 7","?3, 3 " «&%3,('3?» 3=13.&'") '"473.(( ,3&7"-313-( &34:4( &48%.:4( 7,$2&%3#-$.(/4(. E&$ <$ # #""5,3<$.(( %$?, '%"
%"123 7,"?"2(- &#"* &-8<58 7" B%8 &%",".8 3=13.&'") 1,3.(A:, R=13.(&%3.
5:- '3'(4-%" "&"5:4 4$&%"4, 4$&%"4, 12$ «&%3,$.($» 7,"(&?"2(-" 5:&%,$$ (
5"-$$ 2,343%(6$&'(. E 5"-;>(.&%#$ &#"$4 4"-"2:$ 73,.(, "%23#3#>($ &#"(
2#3 1"23 ,"2(.$, 7".(43-(, 6%" ,3+:1,:#3$43/ (4( 73,%(/ # «&%3,('"#» ( «."#"5,3.A$#» — #&$1" -(>; 23.; .$(+5$<.") 3,4$)&'") %35$-( " ,3.13?, &7"&"5
7,"#$2$.(/ ,3+-(6(), '"%",:$ ',3).$ 8&-"#.:, ( 4"18% 7")%( 7,3?"4, $&-( 2$-"
7,(4$% .$>8%"6.:) "5","%, %3'"), '3' # R=13.(&%3.$. S3+4:>-$.(/ "5 R=13.(&%3.$ 4"-"2:? &"-23% !"#$%&'") R,4(( — 4"( ( 4"(? %"#3,(C$) 7" &-8<5$, & '"%",:4( 4: 63&%" +3%,31(#3-( B%8 %$48, — .$,$2'" "5.3<3-( "2.8 .$-(A$7,(/%.8* (&%(.8: «&%3,"&%;» .3>(? &"5&%#$..:? «&%3,('"#» #$&;43 .$.32$<.3; "'3<(&; 4: .3 .3&%"/C$4 7"-$ 5"/, #&$ 4"1-" 5: "'3+3%;&/ (.36$. E
&8C."&%(, 4: 4:&-(-( '3%$1",(/4( (+#$&%."1" '(."=(-;43, 1$,"( '"%","1"
&%3."#(-(&; «&%3,('34(», '"123 #"+#,3C3-(&; <(#:4( & 7"-/ 5"/. E 8&-"#(/?
#").: «&%3,('34(» &%3."#/%&/, 7$,$<(# "7:% 7"-/ 5"/.
E 3.%,"7"-"1(6$&'"4 &4:&-$ 7"-$ 5"/ — B%" 1-3#."$ 4$&%", 12$ 7,"(&?"2/% #"$..:$ 2$)&%#(/, &A$.3, 12$ &?"2/%&/, 6%"5: 7",3+(%; 2,81 2,813, #,3<28*C($ &%",".:. J"-$ 5"/ — 7,"&%,3.&%#", .37"-.$.."$ %$-34(, &,3<3*C(4(&/, 1(5.8C(4(, ,3.$.:4(, 4$,%#:4(. J,( B%"4 "." .$,$2'" "'3+:#3$%&/
#7"-.$ ,$3-;.:4 1$"1,3=(6$&'(4 7,"&%,3.&%#"4, 4$&%$6'"4, '"%","$ 4"<."
7"4$%(%; &7$A(3-;.:4 =-3<'"4 .3 >%35.") '3,%$: L","2(.&'"$ 7"-$, J"-%3#&'"$, T8-('"#" 7"-$. @", # 7$,#8* "6$,$2;, ( # .3(1-3#.$)>$4 &4:&-$, B%"
7%(:.*%$/7,./ -4.734)&73:., "5-3&%;, 18&%" .3&:C$..3/ &#"(4( &"5&%#$..:4( &4:&-34(, &#"$) 4(="-"1($), &#"(4( &%$,$"%(734(, # %"4 6(&-$ 1$.2$,.:4(. J"-$ 5"/ — 4$&%" 7,$(48C$&%#$..") ,$7,$+$.%3A(( ("#7,.=..
J,(./%" 8%#$,<23%;, 6%" .3 7"-$ &,3<$.(/ 43-;6('( &%3."#/%&/ 48<6(.34(. H3'"#" =8.234$.%3-;."$ 7,3#(-" .3>$1" 4:>-$.(/. U%"5: 7,$"2"-$%;
036
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
53,;$, #"+48<3.(/, .8<." #&$1" -(>; 7,$"2"-$%; 4)773.1&%/, "%2$-/*C$$
.3& "% ,3&7"-"<$.(/ .$7,(/%$-/. H3'"#3 &(%83A(/ & 3%3'"). J,( "5",".$ 2$-"
&#"2(%&/ ' %"48, 6%"5: 8A$-$%;, "%5,"&(# 7,"%(#.('3, &%,$4/C$1"&/ ' %#"(4
&"5&%#$..:4 "'"734. E %"4 ( 2,81"4 &-863$ .$"5?"2(4" #&%87(%; & .(4 #
7.-4%,.7&.:/&%/, &")%(&; *%>.( , *%>", 6%"5: +3%$4 7",3+(%; $1" >%:'"4,
7,('-32"4, ,3&&%,$-/%; # 87",. E3<$. %$-$&.:) '".%3'%. P4$.." 7" B%") 7,(6(.$ #&$ 7,"6($ 3%,(58%: #"$..:? &"5:%(), %3'($ '3' 5"45$<'(, 3,%(--$,()&'() "5&%,$-, 3%3'3 13+34( ( (.:$, .$ # &6$%. E&$ 4$./$%&/, '"123 4: .$ #(2(4
#,313 ( .$ 4"<$4 2"%/.8%;&/ 2" .$1" ,8'34(. E,31, $&-( ". 2$)&%#8$% (+23-$'3, .$ 7"+#"-/$% &"-23%8 7,"/#(%; &#"* 48<$&%#$.."&%;. J"B%"48 7"2 5"4534( ( "% 78-; &.3)7$,"# 1(5.8% .$ ("#$%&', 3 ()*+$%,%. J"2"5."$ "5&%"/%$-;&%#" .$ #:+:#3$% .(6$1", ',"4$ 2"&32:. R5&"-*%.3/ !(+(="#3 &(%83A(/.
!4$,%; 43-;6('"# #" #,$4/ #").: 5$&&4:&-$..3. D4$,$%; &" &4:&-"4, +31-/.8# # -(A" &#"$48 #,318, (4$.." #,318, 3 .$ 35&%,3'%.") &4$,%( # #(2$ 7323*C$) & .$53 5"45:, 4"<$% %"-;'" 48<6(.3.
J"-$ 5"/, &%3-" 5:%;, 7,$2.3+.36$." 2-/ ,8'"73>.") &?#3%'(. @" 5:-"
5: ">(5'") 2843%;, 6%" 7"-$ — B%" 4$&%", 12$ ?"+/).(63*% B%3'($ 1"4$,"#&'($ 7"-85"1(, &7"&"5.:$ # 7:-8 /,"&%( ( "&"5"1" #"(.&%#$.."1" #2"?."#$.(/ #
"2(."6'8 ,$>3%; (&?"2 A$-") 5(%#:. @3,/28 & 4",3-;.:4( =3'%",34(, ( 23<$
# 7$,#8* "6$,$2;, (&?"2 &,3<$.(/ .3 '".',$%."4 7"-$ +3#(&$- "% 7,(4$.$.(/
%$? (-( (.:? %$?."-"1() 85()&%#3. @3 7"-/? &,3<$.() #&$123 "7,"5"#3-(&;
&34:$ 7$,$2"#:$ %$?."-"1((, 7,$2&%3#-/*C($ &"5") &-"<.:$ &"6$%3.(/ %$-,
",8<(/ ( +3C(%.:? 2"&7$?"#. E %$6$.($ 4."1(? #$'"# #3<.$)>(4 %$?.(6$&'(4 &,$2&%#"4 # ,8'"73>.") &?#3%'$ 5:-, 1-3#.:4 "5,3+"4, 5"$#") 7",/2"',
734.5. !" #,$4$. 7$,#:? 1,$6$&'(? =3-3.1 .3 $#,"7$)&'(? %$3%,3? #"$..:?
2$)&%#() 7,3#(-;.:), 7-"%.:) &%,") +3'"#3..:? # 5,".* 7$?"%(.A$# (-( —
,$<$ — #&32.('"#4 #."#; ( #."#; ,$>3- &82;58 %"1" (-( (."1" '".',$%."1"
&,3<$.(/. @" 8<$ & '".A3 XVII #$'3 4."1"$ 4$./$%&/. H$7$,;, 7" &-"#34 M(>$-/ V8'", «%$?.(6$&'3/ 7,"5-$43 7$?"%: &"&%"(% # %"4, 6%"5: "&#"5"2(%;&/ "% =(+(6$&'") 4"2$-( 43&&:. E"",8<$..:$ 7('34( ( 48>'$%34( — ",8<($4 .$ 5:&%,:4 ( .$ %"6.:4, 7,3'%(6$&'( .$ 7"+#"-/#>(4 A$-(%;&/ ( 7"7323%; # A$-;, — #")&'3 (&7"-;+"#3-(&; '3' &.3,/2, '3' &%$.3 (-( ',$7"&%;: “1,"+.3/ (.=3.%$,(/ (&73.&'") 3,4((”. S3&7,$2$-$.($ &"-23% # B%") 43&&$ 7,"(+#"2(-"&; 1-3#.:4 "5,3+"4 # &""%#$%&%#(( & #:&-81") ( 2"5-$&%;*; # A$.%,$
&%3#(-(&; &.:.04)&>' (#:2$-$." 4.") — 2. !.), 7,(+#3..:$ "5$&7$6(%; #$&
( "5N$4 ( 7,(23#3%; 7-"%."&%; #&$48 '",78&8; #7$,$2( 7" 81-34 ( .3 =-3.13? — &34:$ "%#3<.:$ ( 7"-;+8*C($&/ ,$78%3A($) .3(5"-$$ .-'3&'6 (#:2$-$." 4.") — 2. !.). E T-3&&(6$&'8* B7"?8 7$,$>-( ' A$-"48 4."<$&%#8
%".'(? #+3(4"&#/+$). I2(.(A3 — 7"-', 53%3-;"., "%2$-$.($, 3 7"+2.$$ “2(#(+(/” — &%3."#(%&/ &#"$1" ,"23 43>(.") & 4."1"6(&-$..:4( 2$%3-/4(, '"%"-
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
037
,:$ 7$,$4$C3*%&/, & %$4 6%"5: 7,()%( ' .$'") '".=(18,3A(( ( 2"&%(6; '".',$%."1" ,$+8-;%3%3». 5
P%3', & '".A3 XVII #$'3 &,$2&%#3 7",3<$.(/ 7,"%(#.('3 .3 ,3&&%"/.((
&%3."#/%&/ #&$ 5"-$$ &"#$,>$..:4(. H"123 <$ (&6$+3$% 23#.() 283-(+4 4$<28 &%,$-'34( ( 4$6.('34(, 48>'$%$,34( ( 7('(.$,34(, %$4(, '%" 4$%3$% &%,$-: (-( &%,$-/$%, ( %$4(, '%" &?"2(%&/ & #,31"4 2-/ 5-(<.$1" 5"/. E $#,"7$)&'(? 3,4(/? #,$4$. !$#$,.") #").: 8<$ (&7"-;+"#3-( ,8<;$ & 7,(4'.8%:4
>%:'"4, 5-31"23,/ '"%","48 "2(. ( %"% <$ 863&%.(' &,3<$.(/ #:.8<2$. 5:&"6$%3%; # &$5$ 2#$ 7,$<2$ ,3+-(6.:$ =8.'A((: &%,$-/%; ( '"-"%;. ! %$? 7",
"% :.%&) %,$58$%&/ &%3%; 7.*9)3.(, 7"&-8>.") 43,(".$%'"), &"+23..") 7"
58'#$ D&%3#3. S3&7,"&%,3./$%&/ 7,3#(-": «T3<2:) &"-23% 2"-<$. +.3%; &#")
43.$#,». H3', 7"-$ 5"/ 7$,$&%3$% 5:%; 4$&%"4, 12$ &"-23% 7,(.(43$% &34"&%"/%$-;.:$ ,$>$.(/. @(%( #&/'"1" '".',$%."1" &,3<$.(/ &%/1(#3*%&/ ' >%358,
"%'823 #$2$%&/ 87,3#-$.($ 7"-$4 5"/, ",13.(+8$%&/ 7$,$4$C$.($ #")&'.
@3 ,85$<$ XVIII–XIX #$'"# 7,"(&?"2(% $C$ "2." (+4$.$.($. M3&>%35:
7,(4$.$.(/ "1.$#") 4"C( #"+,3&%3*%. J"-$ 5"/ 7$,$&%3$% 5:%; 4$&%"4, 12$
&,3<3*%&/ &%,"$4. F." 2$-3$%&/ 7,"&%,3.&%#"4 7,(4$.$.(/ ,3+.""5,3+.:?
B-$4$.%"# &"#,$4$..") #"$..") (.28&%,((, # %" #,$4/ '3' #&/'"$ '".',$%."$
&,3<$.($ 7"-."&%;* 7,$#,3C3$%&/ (+ ,(%83-;."1" #:/&.$.(/ "%.">$.() 4$<28
&%",".34( # ,8%(.8 8.(6%"<$.(/. J"2 >'#3-;.:4 ,8<$).:4 ( 3,%(--$,()&'(4 "1.$4 %$-3 &"-23% &%3."#/%&/ -"8/$&'( (17.(. F.( #:1-/2/% 7"-2$%&'(
5$++3C(%.".
E"% 7$,#3/ (+ 7,(6(. 7"/#-$.(/ &"-23%-43-;6('"#. P? 7,"(+#"2(% &,3<$.($ & 43&&(,"#3..:4 7,(4$.$.($4 "1.$&%,$-;."1" ",8<(/. !"-23%: &%,$-/*% ( 7,(7323*% ' +$4-$. T3' 2$%(, ".( (1,3*% # ,(&'"#3..:$ (1,: &" &4$,%;*: 7,".$&$%, .$ 7,".$&$%. !73&$.($ 63&%" +3#(&(% .$ "% &4$-"&%(, 3 "% #$+$.(/. T"123 (2$% 7$,$&%,$-'3, "&"5$.." & 7,(4$.$.($4 %/<$-:? 78-$4$%"# (
3,%(--$,((, .3 7"-$ 5"/ "&%3.3#-(#3$%&/ #&/'"$ 7$,$2#(<$.($. E&%3%; # 7"-.:) ,"&% .$#"+4"<.". L$<3%; .$-;+/. M."1($ 63&34( -$<3%, 8%'.8#>(&; -(A"4 7,/4" # 7$&"' (-( 1,/+;. E QQ #$'$ 7"-$ 5"/ — B%" .3&'#"+; 7,"&%,$-(#3$4"$ 7,"&%,3.&%#", 5$+84.:) 4(, 78-; ( &.3,/2"#.
P+ ,3+1"#","# & 5:#3-:4( &"-23%34(, "&"5$.." & %$4(, '%" 7,">$- F%$6$&%#$..8*, 4"<." 8+.3%; 4."1" -*5"7:%.:? %".'"&%$), '3&3*C(?&/ (&'8&&%#3 #:<(#3.(/ .3 #").$. U3C$ #&$1" %3'($ 7"2,"5."&%( &""5C3*%&/ # >8%'8, 7"&'"-;'8 .$'"%",:$ (? 2$%3-( ',3).$ 7('3.%.:, .$ 7"2-$<3% "5.3,"2"#3.(* .",43-;.:4 %"."4. P.36$ 1"#",/, " %3'(? #$C3? .$ ?#3&%3*%&/, ." #&$
<$ 2$-/%&/ (4( '3' "&"5:4 &$',$%"4, '"%",:) ( 2,81(4 4"<$% 7,(1"2(%;&/.
G3#.", $C$ # 0970-$ 1"2:, «2/2/ J$%/», '3' .3+:#3-( $1" 4:, 43-;6(>'(, ,3&&'3+:#3- .34, 6%" #&* #").8, &-8<3 4(."4$%6('"4, %3&'3- .3 &$5$ %/<$-8*
4(."4$%.8* 7-(%8, '"%",3/ &-8<(-3 $48 C(%"4 "% >3-;.:? 78-; ( "&'"-'"#.
038
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
E"$#3- .$ ?8<$, .$ -86>$ #&$? "&%3-;.:?, 2$-3- «&#"$ 2$-"», .", '3' &34 1"#",(%, 7,(5$13- ' .$"5?"2(4") 2-/ &"-23%3 (+#","%-(#"&%(.
M(?3(- W"-"?"# # «F.( &,3<3-(&; +3 S"2(.8» "7(&:#3$% +353#.:) B7(+"2 & ,/2"#:4 X(&(6$.'". E:'37:#3/ &#") "6$,$2.") "'"7 # G".&'") &%$7(,
B%"% 5"$A /#." 7$,$&%3,3-&/, +31-85(# $1" 5"-;>$ .$"5?"2(4"1".6 U$4 2-/
«2/2( J$%(» 5:-3 $1" 5,".(,"#3..3/ 7-(%3, %$4 2-/ 1$,"/ ,"43.3 W"-"?"#3
"'3+3-3&; &#$,?.",43%(#.3/ 1-85(.3 "'"73. J$,$2 3%3'") %3.'"# &"-23%, '"%",:) .32$$%&/ #:<(%;, 7,(5$13$% ' ,32('3-;.:4 4$,34: 7"-."&%;* -41$/3
7:./ 3/*. # +$4-$. T3' $C$ #:&%"/%; 7"2 "1.$4 %/<$-:? 78-$4$%"# ( 3,%(--$,((?
!-863) 7,$27,((46(#"1" 5")A3 8'3+:#3$%, 6%" .3 #").$ QQ #$'3 # %$.(
43&&"#" 7,"28A(,8$4"1" 43-;6('3-&"-23%3 &"?,3./-"&; 4$&%" ( 2-/ ,3+#(%(/
34)9%>%.&&.5 :.%&7,.5 ("#/73:/&&.73%. E"(.-48<6(.3 &"#,$4$..") B7"?( 5:- 482,$A"4 ( 7,(&7"&"5-$.A$4. I1" 48<$&%#$.."&%; .$ 5:-3 &#/+3.3 &
%$3%,3-(+"#3..:4 1$,")&%#"4, ." 8',$7-/-3 &$5/ # "&4"%,(%$-;."&%( ( # 84$.(( 2843%; &#"$) 1"-"#"). I$ .$ 3=(>(,"#3-(. P "%.*2; .$ %"-;'" "1".; 3,%(--$,(( ( 3#(3A(( 7,$7/%&%#"#3- >(,"'"48 7,"(+#"2&%#8 B%"1" %(73 48<$&%#$.."&%(. I$ &34"5:%."&%; "1,3.(6(#3-3&; %3'<$ 2$=(A(%"4 &%,3%$1(6$&'"1" #""5,3<$.(/ #"$.363-;.('"# ( 7"-(%('"#, &34") #"$..") 2"'%,(.") 43&&"#:? "5C$&%#, 7,$#,3C3*C(? #").: # 5").( .3,"2"#, 3 #&/'"$ 7"-$ — # 4$&%", 12$ &"#$,>3$%&/ 5$+84.:) 7"%-36.
."/'+ '+0"1'+&
E =$"23-;."4 4(,$ I#,"7: #").: #$-( &8#$,$..:$ 7,3#(%$-(, '"%",:$
4"1-( #:&%3#(%; .3 7"-$ &,3<$.($ &,3#.(%$-;." .$5"-;>") "%,/2 #"(."#. P?
7,"%(#.('34( 5:-( %3'($ <$ &8#$,$.: &" &#"(4( 2,8<(.34(, (-( "7"-6$.(/
1","2"#, '"%",:$ .35(,3-(&; ?"%/ ( .$ (+ 7,"=$&&(".3-"#, ." 7,( B%"4 43-"
6$4 8&%873-( 7$,#:4.7 ! .363-"4 @"#"1" #,$4$.( &"+23.($ 3,4(( &%3."#(%&/
1"&823,&%#$..:4 2$-"4, %"123 '3' &34" 1"&823,&%#" $C$ .('3' .$ "%"<2$&%#-/$%&/ & 7,"28'%"4 F5C$&%#$.."1" G"1"#",3. E7-"%; 2" '".A3 XVIII #$'3
#").: #$28%&/ 4$<28 1"&823,&%#34( ( #" (4/ 1"&823,&%#$..:? (.%$,$&"#.
X(>; & .3&%87-$.($4 B7"?( ,$#"-*A() (!WR, V,3.A(/) #").3 &%3."#(%&/ 2$-"4 .3,"23. J,( B%"4 ,32('3-;." 4$./$%&/ &%3,3/ &?$43, # '"%",") #"(. #:&%873- 7,"%(#.('"4 ',$&%;/.(.3 ( 1","<3.(.3. 8 E4$&%" .$$ =",48-(,8$%&/
7,(.A(7 " &"*+$ "5:#3%$-/ ( #"$.."&-8<3C$1", # '"%","4 '3<23/ (+ &%",".
4:&-(% &$5/ '3' &85N$'% ( "2."#,$4$.." "5N$'% +35"% 7" "%.">$.(* ' 2,81") &%",".$. ! %"1" 4"4$.%3, '3' #"(. 7$,$&%3$% 5:%; 1"-"#",$+"4 7,( 2#",$
&8#$,$.3, ". 7,$#,3C3$%&/ # +3C(%.('3 "%$6$&%#3, '"%","48 .3,"2 "'3+:#3$%
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
039
&#"$ 7"',"#(%$-;&%#". P4$.." %"123 3,4(/ &%3."#(%&/ -*5(4:4 9/3%?/(
.3,"23.
D<$ # XIX &%"-$%(( .( "2.3 (+ $#,"7$)&'(? &%,3., '"%",:$ #%/1(#3-(&; #
#"$..:$ 2$)&%#(/, .$ <$-3-3 #$&%( #").8 .3 &#"$) %$,,(%",((, &%,$4/&; 7$,$.$&%( $$ '3' 4"<." 23-;>$ "% &"5&%#$..:? 1,3.(A. E .3(5"-;>$) &%$7$.( (
2"-;>$ 2,81(? B%" 823#3-"&; "&8C$&%#-/%; R.1-((, "%1","2(#>$)&/ "% &#"(?
$#,"7$)&'(? &"&$2$) X3-M3.>$4. ! 7"/#-$.($4 3#(3A(( B%" 7,$(48C$&%#"
R.1-(( 5:-" 8%,36$." (#&7"4.(4 5"453,2(,"#'( L,(%3.&'(? "&%,"#"# =3>(&%&'(4( «-*=%-#3==$»), ( (4 +3#-32$-( !"$2(.$..:$ W%3%: R4$,('(,
'"%",:$ "'3+3-(&; .3(5"-$$ 823-$.: "% %,32(A("..:? %$3%,"# #"$..:? 2$)&%#(), ." # %" <$ #,$4/ 2"&%3%"6." &(-;.:, 6%"5: .37,3#-/%; &#") =-"%, &#"(
&34"-$%: ( &#"(? &"-23% #&*28, '823 ,3&7,"&%,3./$%&/ (? (.%$,$&. @"#:)
B%37 ,3+#(%(/ ,3'$%.") %$?.('(, .3&%87(#>() 7"&-$ 4 "'%/5,/ 0957 1"23, 9 -(>(- 23<$ ( !WR 13,3.%() 7"-.") #"$..") 5$+"73&."&%(.
T .363-8 0960-? 1"2"# .( "2.3 (+ #$-('(? 2$,<3# .$ 5:-3 # &"&%"/.((
#$&%( 7"-."43&>%35.8* #").8 & 7,(4$.$.($4 #&$? &"#,$4$..:? #(2"# ",8<(/. J" B%") 7,(6(.$ "&."#.:$ (1,"'( 4(,"#") 7"-(%('( "5,3C3*%&/ ' ."#"48 %(78 &"7$,.(6$&%#3 — /2$,."48 &2$,<(#3.(*. E").3, '"%",3/ 2" &(? 7",
4"1-3 &8C$&%#"#3%; -(>; # «1",/6$)» =",4$, 7$,$,3&%3$% # #$-('"$ 7,"%(#"&%"/.($ /2$,.:? 7"%$.A(3-"#, # 0/7,.&/$&"< -.9=.3.:," ' #").$, (-(, '3'
#:,3+(-&/ J"-; E(,(-(", # «6(&%8* #").8».00
9%" "5&%"/%$-;&%#" &34:4 .$7"&,$2&%#$..:4 "5,3+"4 &'3+:#3$%&/ .3
"%.">$.(( "5C$&%#3 ' 3,4((. E&/ 3,4(/ # A$-"4 7,$#,3C3$%&/ # 5"-;>"1"
,$5$.'3, ' '"%","48 .36(.3*% "%."&(%;&/ %" & <3-"&%;*, %" & "73&'"). E ,8'3? 3,4(( "'3+:#3$%&/ &%"-; 1,"+.3/ &(-3, 6%" "5C$&%#8 &%3."#(%&/ &%,3>."
"% "2.") %"-;'" 4:&-(, 6%" 3,4(/ .$ &84$$% $* ,3&7",/2(%;&/. J,( B%"4
=",4(,8$%&/ #7"-.$ /&."$ 7".(43.($, 6%" B%3 &(-3 7,(.32-$<(% #"#&$ .$ 7,"&%"48 &"-23%8, ." '".%,"-(,8$%&/ &7$A(3-;.:4( &%,8'%8,34(, >%35"4, '"%",:) .3?"2(%&/ #$&;43 23-$'" "% %") (-( (.") '".',$%.") #"(.&'") 63&%(. E
,3'$%.:? #")&'3? &%,3%$1(6$&'"1" .3+.36$.(/ ( 63&%/? 7,"%(#"#"+28>.")
"5",".:, &"&%3#-/*C(? 823,.8* &(-8 3,4((, &"-23% &"#$,>$.." 7$,$,"<23$%&/ # 43-;6('3, '"%","48 '"43.2"#3.($ +363&%8* "%'3+:#3$%&/ 2"#$,/%;
&34"$ 7,"&%"$ ",8<($.00 J,"(&?"2(% 7-3."4$,.3/ %&@)&3%*%;)>%1 &"-23%3,
# '"%","4 .363-;&%#" 8&43%,(#3$% .$+,$-:) 84 ( 2$>$#8* ,35"68* &(-8, 1"2.8* -(>; 2-/ %"1", 6%"5: &%,"(%; 1$.$,3-;&'($ 236( ( #:7"-./%; 6$,.8*
,35"%8 # "5C$&%#$..:? &%"-"#:?.
E &"#$%&'") '8-;%8,$ 0960–0980-? 1"2"# ',(&%3--(+8$%&/ "5,3+ &"-23%3,
8 '"%","1" 5"$#3/ 7"21"%"#'3 +34$./$%&/ 7,3+2.:4 #,$4/7,$7,"#"<2$.($4.
F2.3 (+ &34:? 7"78-/,.:? 7$&$. " &"#$%&'") 3,4(( B%"1" #,$4$.( &"2$,<(%
%3'($ &%,"'(:
040
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
«R &"-23% 7"7;$% '#3&'8, '87(% B&'(4",
@('823 .$ %","7/&;, #:)2$% (+ '(.".
T3,8&$-; $1" 7"46(%, 48+:'") +#$./,
P # +373&$ 8 .$1" "&%3.$%&/ 7"-2./».
J"2 B%8 7$&.* >313-( # ."18 .$&'"-;'" 7"'"-$.() &"-23%. W313- 7"2 .$$
( /. F 6$4 4: 2843-(, ,3&7$#3/ B%8 7$&.*? S3+84$$%&/, " %"4, 6%"5: 7"7(%;
'#3&'8 (, 6%" #7"-.$ .$(+5$<.", 6%"5: .$ 23) 5"1 .$ 7,(>-"&; 5,3%; # ,8'(
",8<($. 97"?3 «?"-"2.") #").:» — B7"?3 43-;6('"#-&"-23%.
J,"A$&& (.=3.%(-(+3A(( &"-23%3 7,"?"2(- %$4 B==$'%(#.$$, 6$4 /&.$$
#&$4 "5C$&%#"4 &"+.3#3-3&; (2$/, 6%" # /2$,.") #").$ .( "2.3 (+ &%",". .$
2"5;$%&/ 8&7$?3. @$ 582$% 7"5$2:. Y$,%#:, '"%",:$ 7".$& &"#$%&'() .3,"2 #
1"2: F%$6$&%#$.."), 2$-3-( &348 4:&-; " #"+4"<."4 863&%(( # ."#:? #").3? 7,$2"&82(%$-;."). J"B%"48 # 7$&./? B%"1" #,$4$.( 5:-( ( %3'($ &-"#3:
«S(&8*% 43-;6('( 5"(,
U%" (4, 7" &63&%;*, .$+.3'"4:,
P 5$,$18% ".( &#"(
F1.$4 ',(63C($ 3-;5"4:.
S(&8*% 43-;6('( #").8».02
T3' /#&%#8$% (+ &-"# 7$&.(, #").3 "%.:.$ "5/+3.3 5:-3 &8C$&%#"#3%;
-(>; # =",4$ ,(&8.'3. Q"%/ 5: 2-/ %"1", 6%"5: ."#"$ 7"'"-$.($ 43-;6('"#
5:-" &73&$." "% .$$. F5C$&%#" B7"?( «?"-"2.") #").:» .$ <$-3-" ."#") 5").( .3,"2"#. J" B%") <$ 7,(6(.$ "." .$ <$-3-" 7,$#,3C$.(/ 43-;6('"# #
48<6(..
2$1343'(53/ ,67#&1 '+ )$#+ , +08$/(5"/ 9"08$
G" %") 7",:, 7"'3 .$ &-"<(-"&; (&%",(6$&'"$ $2(.&%#" 3,4(( ( .3,"23,
<(+.; ( &4$,%; #"(.3 5:-( $1" &"5&%#$..:4 2$-"4. I1" %$-", '3'($ 5: ,3.:
"." .3 &$5$ .$ .$&-", .('"48 .$ 5:-" (.%$,$&.". @3"5","%, '"123 #").: .36(.3$% #$&%( .3,"2, '"123 3,4(/ &%3."#(%&/ .3,"2.:4 2$%(C$4, %$-" #"(.3 &%3."#(%&/ 7,$24$%"4 "5C$&%#$.."1" #.(43.(/. 9%" #.(43.($ "&8C$&%#-/$%&/
7,( 7"&,$2&%#$ %3'"1" &"#,$4$.."1" (.&%(%8%3, '3' #"$.."-7"-$#3/ 4$2(A(.3.
P.&%(%8% #"$..") 4$2(A(.: =",4(,8$%&/ '3' ,3+ %"123, '"123 #"$..:$ &%"-'."#$.(/ &%3-( .3(5"-$$ ',"#"7,"-(%.:4(, 3 &34( #").: &%3-( #$&%(&; .$ 7,"&%" ,32( 7"5$2:, ." ( ,32( 8.(6%"<$.(/.
P&7"-;+"#3.($ "1.$&%,$-;."1" ",8<(/ 7,(#$-" ' (+4$.$.(* ?3,3'%$,3
,3.$.() 8<$ # XVI #$'$. 9%" .$2#8&4:&-$.." "%4$63- =,3.A8+&'() #,36 R45,83+ J3,$.03 J"/#(-(&; ,3.:, &"7,"#"<23*C($&/ 5"-;>") 7"%$,$) ',"#(.
!%,$4(%$-;." &%3-( #"+,3&%3%; &-863(, ?3,3'%$,(+8*C($&/ 8%,3%") '".$6."&%$), "&"5$.." ."1. S"&% 6(&-3 ,3.$.:?, (+4$.$.($ 43&>%35"# #"$..:? 2$)-
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
040
&%#() &2$-3-( =(18,8 4$2('3 #&$ 5"-$$ ,3&7,"&%,3.$..") # 3,4((. ! 7"/#-$.($4 4$2('3 # .$7"&,$2&%#$..") 5-(+"&%( "% 7"-/ 5"/ #:,353%:#3$%&/ ."#:)
#+1-/2 .3 %$-3 -*2$), "5-36$..:? # #"$..8* =",48. 9%"% #+1-/2 &"&,$2"%36(#3$%&/, 1-3#.:4 "5,3+"4, .3 ,3.$.:? %$-3?. P #&$123 ". =('&(,8$% ()*+$%8/7,"< ?,87'"&%; B%(? %$-.
U$4 B%" #:+#3."? E 7$,#8* "6$,$2;, &-$28*C(4 "5&%"/%$-;&%#"4. M8<6(.: %#$,2" 73.13 &) &.=)6, ".( .$ 7323*%. P B%" 7".(43$%&/ .$ &%"-;'" #
4$%3=",(6$&'"4 &4:&-$, &'"-;'" # 58'#3-;."4, =(+(6$&'"4. M8<6(.: .$ 7323*% .3 +$4-*, '3'(4( 5: .( 5:-( (? ,3.:. @" ,3.: 5:#3*% ,3+.:$, ( .$
#&/'3/ ,3.3 7"+#"-/$% #$,.8%;&/ & 7"-/ 5"/ .3 &#"(? &"5&%#$..:? ."13?. H3'") >3.& $&%; 8 %$?, '%" ,3.$. ?"-"2.:4 ",8<($4: 7('"), &35-$), >%:'"4.
I&-( ,3.3 7"#$,?."&%.3/, .$ &4$,%$-;.3/, ,3.$.:) 4"<$% 23<$ .$ +34$63%;
$$ # 1",/6'$ &,3<$.(/. 9%" ?3,3'%$,(+8$% $1" '3' 48<6(.8. E 23-;.$)>$4,
'"123 ,85-$.:$ ( '"-"%:$ ,3.: +3%/1(#3-(&;, "&%3#>($&/ "% .(? >,34: &%3."#(-(&; 734/%.") -$%"7(&;* ("#/73:/&&.73%, +.3'"4 "5 (.(A(3A(( 7"-$4
5"/. H"%, '%" ,85(-&/ ( '"-"- #,313, '"1" ,85(- ( '"-"- #,31, ( '%" 7,( B%"4 .$
7323- .3 +$4-*, 7,$#,3C3-&/ # 48<6(.8.
F1.$&%,$-;.:$ ,3.: 63C$, 6$4 ,85-$.:$ ( '"-"%:$, "7,"'(2:#3*% %$-"
.3 +$4-*. F.( "%-(63*%&/ "&"5") &%$7$.;* %/<$&%(, 7,3'%(6$&'( #&$123 41."#$.." #3-/ & ."1 ( "&%3#-// ,3.$."1" -$<3%; .3 7"-$ 5"/ 7""23-; "% "&%3-;.:?, 5$18C(? #7$,$2. H"%, '"1" +32$-3 78-/, "&%3$%&/ "2(.. H$%-3-%$% &" &#"$)
5"-;* ( "%63/.($4. J8-/ #:5(-3 $1" (+ &%,"/, 12$ ". ,$+".." 87"#3- .3 7"22$,<'8 %"#3,(C$) 7" ",8<(*. S3.$.:) "2(. &,$2( 1,"?"%3 ,8<$).:? ( 3,%(--$,()&'(? ,3&'3%"#.
M"<." 8%#$,<23%;, "2.3'", 6%" 5$&7"4"C."&%; ,3.$."1" &"-23%3 B%" .$
7,"&%" &-$2&%#($ >(,"'"1" 7,(4$.$.(/ ."#:? #"$..:? %$?."-"1(). 9%3 5$&7"4"C."&%;, 7,$#,3C3*C3/ #"(.3-48<6(.8 # 43-;6('3-&"-23%3, #:+#3.3 7$,$8&%,")&%#"4 #&$) &"A(3-;.") &(&%$4:, '"%",3/ — #$&;43 7"&%$7$.." —
.36(.3$% ",($.%(,"#3%;&/ .3 A$.."&%( <(+.(, +2","#;$, =(+(6$&'8* ',$7"&%;
%$-3. E"$..:$ 4$2('( XIX ( QQ &%"-$%() #7"-.$ "%6$%-(#" 1"#",(-( "% (4$.(
B%") &(&%$4:. F.( &=",48-(,"#3-( &%,"1($ 7,(.A(7: «&5$,$13*C$1" -$6$.(/», ,3+,35"%3-( 7"./%($ "5 «8?"2$» +3 ,3.$.:4, 7,$2"&%3#-// $1" .$ %"-;'"
7,"=$&&(".3-;."48 7$,&".3-8, ." ( #&$48 4(,."48 .3&$-$.(*.04
F&"58* -$7%8 # =",4(,"#3.($ 4$2(A(.&'"1" #+1-/23 .3 &"-23%3 '3' 43-;6('3 #.$&-( #/&?%&', +3./%:$ 8?"2"4 +3 ,3.$.:4(. H3', T,:4&'3/ '3473.(/ 0854–0855 1"2"# 5:-3 7,(4$,"4 #").:, '"123 ,/2"4 & ,3.$.:4 &"-23%"4
#7$,#:$ "'3+3-3&; <$.C(.3. P&%",(6$&'3/ .38'3 &#/+:#3$% B%" &"5:%($ &
(4$.$4 3.1-(63.'( V-",$.& @3)%(.1$- ( $$ &7"2#(<.(A: MB,( !('"8- (+ E$&%P.2((. G-/ %,32(A(".."1" &"+.3.(/ B%" 5:- '".=8+: <$.C(.3 .$ 2"-<.3 5:-3
.35-*23%; "',"#3#-$.."$ ( 5$&7"4"C."$ %$-" &"-23%3, %$-", '"%","$ # 8&-"#(/? 7"-$#"1" -3+3,$%3 .$,$2'" 5:-" &"#$,>$.." .31(4. E %" <$ #,$4/ &(%8-
042
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
3A(/ %,$5"#3-3 7,(&8%&%#(/ #"+-$ 5$&&(-;."1", .$ &7"&"5."1" 8?3<(#3%; +3
&"5") 48<6(.: '"1"-%", '%" 4"1 5: 7"+35"%(%;&/ " $1" '",4-$.((, "%7,3#-$.(( %83-$%3, '%" 4"1 5: .3-"<(%; ."#8* 7"#/+'8 ( 7"&%(,3%; 5(.%:, '%" 4"1
5: 7"22$,<(#3%; 6(&%"%8 # 73-3%3?, '"%",:$ 2" &(? 7", '(>$-( ',:&34( (
5:-( 7"?"<( .3 "%?"<($ 4$&%3. T3' 4"<." 5:-" 7,(4(,(%; 4$<28 &"5") %,32(A("..8* 48<&'8* 4",3-; ( .$"5?"2(4"&%; 7,(&8%&%#(/ <$.C(.: #"+-$
%/<$-",3.$."1"?
@3)2$..:) '"47,"4(&& &"&%"/- # %"4, 6%"5: &6(%3%; B%8 <$.C(.8 7/734.5, &$&%,") 4(-"&$,2(/, 3 ,3.$."1" 5")A3 $$ *.:4 5,3%"4, 43-;6('"4, "
'"%","4 5: ".3 4"1-3, .$ 7,$&%873/ &%:2-(#"&%(, 7"+35"%(%;&/. H3', 8<$ #"
#%",") 7"-"#(.$ XIX #$'3, # %"4 6(&-$ ( 7"2 #-(/.($4 ,8&&'"-%8,$A'") #").:
0877–0878 1"2"#, &-"<(-3&; &%,"13/ &(&%$43 #+3(4""%.">$.() 4$<28 4$2(A(.&'") &$&%,") ( ,3.$.:4 &"-23%"4, #'-*63*C3/ &#"* B%('8, .",4: ,3+1"#",.") ,$6(, ( "&"5:$ 7,3#(-3 7,('"&."#$.(/ ' %$-8: 2"%,31(#3.($ 2" 1"-"#:,
7"1-3<(#3.($ #"-"&, (."123 7"A$-8) # -"5, 8',:#3.($ "2$/-"4. E .3&%3#-$.(/? 2-/ &$&%,: 4(-"&$,2(/ 3#%",: B%") B7"?( 6$%'" 8'3+:#3*%, 6%" (4$.."
7"+#"-/$%&/ $) 2$-3%; 8 7"&%$-( ,3.$."1". E:&'3+:#3*%&/ 7"<$-3.(/, 6%"5:
&$&%,3 4(-"&$,2(/ 5:-3 =(+(6$&'( #:."&-(#"), "5-323-3 ',$7'(4( .$,#34(,
%,$+#:4 84"4, %3'%(6."&%;*, 3 %3'<$ (+#$&%.") %"-('") ',3&"%:, '"%",3/ 5:
84(,"%#",/-3 ,3.$."1", 2$)&%#8/ .3 .$1" '3' "&"5:) ,"2 -$'3,&%#3.05 J"&'"-;'8
4$2(A(.3 # '36$&%#$ "&"5"1" (.&%(%8%3, +3./%"1" &82;534( ,3.$.:? &"-23%, '
B%"48 #,$4$.( 8<$ 2"&%3%"6." 87,"6(-3 &#"$ 7"-"<$.($, %" 7"<$-3.(/ &34(?
4$2('"# 7,(#-$'3%; 2-/ #&7"4"13%$-;.:? 2$)&%#() 7$,&".3- (+ 6(&-3 <$.C(. "5C$&%#" #&%,$%(-" & 7".(43.($4. J$,#3/ 4(,"#3/ #").3 &2$-3-3 7,(&8%&%#($ <$.C(.: 8 7"&%$-( ,3.$."1" &"-23%3 43&&"#") 7,3'%('").
!"A(3-;."$ 7,"(+#"2&%#" ()*+$%8/7,.5 %9/&3%$&.73% ,3.$."1" &"-23%3 6$%'" +3=('&(,"#3." # +34$63.(/? #"$..:? 4$2('"#. H3', @. P. J(,"1"#
7(>$%: «@$% 5"-$$ &'",5."1" +,$-(C3, 6$4 1"&7(%3-;.3/ 73-3%'3 7$,$2 &",%(,"#'")… M."<$&%#" 5$&7"4"C.:?, &%,323*C(? %$- & 7"6%( 9/37,.5 (#:2$-$." 4.") — 2. !.) 4"-;5") " 7"4"C( # 1-3+3? 7,$2&%3*% 7$,$2 E34(».06
H3'3/ <$ %"6'3 +,$.(/ #:,3<$.3 # #"&7"4(.3.(/? E. P. K3-3.(.&'"), 4$2(A(.&'") &$&%,: 7$,("23 E$-('") F%$6$&%#$..") #").:: «G-/ 4$./ #").3 —
B%" (+8#$6$..:$ ( (&%$,+3..:$ 6$-"#$6$&'($ %$-3. 9%" 5$+."1($ ( 5$+,8'($
-*2(. 9%" "&%3#>($&/ .3#$'( &-$7:4( 5")A:».07 E"% $C$ "2." $$ .35-*2$.($: «K-/<8 .3 4"-"2"$ (+,3.$.."$ ( (&&$6$.."$ "&'"-'34( %$-", ( 68#&%#"
<186$) <3-"&%( .37"-./$% &$,2A$… !%3,>() &$,<3.%. H$-$=".(&%. W$- .3
#"&&%3."#-$.($ &#/+(, ( ,/2"4 & .(4 ,3+",#3-&/ ',87."'3-(5$,.:) &.3,/2.
S3.$. # "5$ ."1(, 43&&3 4$-'(? "&'"-"6.:? ,3.$.(). F. 5$&7"4"C.:), '3'
()*./ 9%31 (#:2$-$." 4.") — 2. !.)».08
J"2#$2$4 (%"1. E").: XIX ( QQ #$'3 &%3-( &,$2&%#"4 &"A(3-;."1" 7,"(+#"2&%#3 %3'"1" %(73 48<$&%#$.."&%(, '"%",:) 2"-1"$ #,$4/ 5:- 43,1(.3-;-
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
043
.:4. M8<$&%#$.."&%; +,$-:? ( "7:%.:? #"(."# 7"%$&.(-3 48<$&%#$.."&%;
43-;6(>$', 43-;6(>$&'3/ 48<$&%#$.."&%;. J".(<$.(* %,32(A("..:? 7,$2&%3#-$.() " 48<$&%#$.."&%( # +.36(%$-;.") 4$,$ &7"&"5&%#"#3-( &"#,$4$..:$ &,$2&%#3 85()&%#3, 7,$<2$ #&$1", "1.$&%,$-;."$ ",8<($ ( &34" 7"-$ 5"/,
.3 '"%","4 #4$&%" ',$7"&%( 48<&'(? %$- #"A3,/$%&/ .$6$-"#$6$&'3/ 4"C;
"1.$#:? &,$2&%# 3,4((. J8>$6.:) "1".; (+1"./$% &"-23% .3 "',3(.: 7"-/
5"/, 7"58<23/ #,3<28*C($ &%",".: 7"4:>-/%;, # 7$,#8* "6$,$2;, "
#:<(#3.((.
!"#,$4$..3/ B7"?3 ?3,3'%$,(+8$%&/ 5$,$<.:4 "%.">$.($4 .3,"23 ' &#"$) 3,4((. K".'3 #"",8<$.() #,$4$. «?"-"2.") #").:» -(>3$% &"-23% #$28C(?
#"$..:? 2$,<3# 7"-/ 5"/, 7,$#,3C3$% (?, #" #&/'"4 &-863$, &"-23% 823,.:?
63&%$), # 43-;6('"#, '"%",:4 "5C$&%#" 7$,$&%3$% 2"#$,/%; &4$,%"."&."$
",8<($. 9%( 43-;6('(-&"-23%: .$ 2"78&'3*%&/ 2" «.3&%"/C$) 48<&'") ,35"%:», %. $. #").:, 7"&'"-;'8 # 7$,("2 &8C$&%#"#3.(/ &4$,%"."&.:? /2$,.:?
7"%$.A(3-"# ".3 &6(%3$%&/ 35&"-*%." .$2"78&%(4").
M$2('3-(+3A(/ #"$.."1" 2$-3 # $C$ 5"-;>$) &%$7$.( &7"&"5&%#8$% 8%#$,<2$.(* "5C$&%#$..:? 7,$2&%3#-$.() " &"-23%$ '3' 43-;6('$, -$1'" 4"18C(4 &%3%; ,3&7,"&%$,%:4 ,3.$.:4 %$-"4. M$2(A(.&'() #+1-/2, 8%#$,<23*C() &#"* #-3&%; # .$7"&,$2&%#$..") 5-(+"&%( "% 7,"&%,3.&%#3 5(%#:, 7$,$23$%&/ ( #"$.."48 '"43.2"#3.(*, ( #&$48 "5C$&%#8. 9%"% #+1-/2 =('&(,8$%
2$%&'8* ?,87'"&%; %$- # #"$..") =",4$, 6;* <(+.; &-$28$% #&$4( &(-34(
5$,$6;.
:;$4'+6: 0$"07+'36+43& ;"0&15+ 8<=$(),$''"()3
@3 ,85$<$ QQ ( XXI #$'"# .35-*23$%&/ ."#:) ,$.$&&3.& #"(.3-48<6(.:, #"7-"C3*C$1" # &$5$ 7,$2&%3#-$.(/ " 2"4(.(,8*C$) 48<$&%#$.."&%(.
F5-3&%;* B%"1" #"+,"<2$.(/ &%3."#/%&/ 63&%( &7$A(3-;."1" .3+.36$.(/. !
6$4 B%" &#/+3."? E 6$4 &7$A(=('3 ."#") '".A$7A(( 2"4(.(,8*C$) 48<$&%#$.."&%(? J"7,"58$4 '","%'" ,3&&4"%,$%; B%( #"7,"&:.
J,$<2$ #&$1", ?"6$%&/ "5,3%(%; #.(43.($ .3 B#"-*A(* %") &%,8'%8,:,
'"%",3/ 5:-3 .3+#3.3 #:>$ 7"-$4 5"/. E"+4"<.", .34 &-$28$% 7,(+.3%;, 6%"
7"-$ 5"/ 5:-" (+"5,$%$.($4 5"13%:? ( &(-;.:? &%,3.. T3' 7"'3+:#3$% V$,.3. L,"2$-;, 23<$ # XVII #$'$ &8C$&%#"#3-" 6$%'"$ ,3+-(6$.($ 4$<28 #").")
'3' (&'8&&%#"4, '"%",3/ #$-3&; # A$.%,$ I#,"7: & .$(+4$..") %$3%,3-;.")
7:>."&%;*, ,3+#",36(#3.($4 5"$#:? 7",/2'"#, "&3234( 1","2"#, 2$4".&%,3%(#.:4 7$,$&%,"$.($4 #")&' ( 7,., ( «-$%86$)», 73,%(+3.&'") #")."), '"%",3/
5:-3 .$(+4$..") # L,3+(-((, 12$ $#,"7$)&'($ #$%$,3.: .(6$1" .$ 4"1-( 7"2$-3%; & #,31"4, '"%",:) "%'3+:#3-&/ #&%873%; & .(4( # &"7,('"&."#$.($. M$%"2: 73,%(+3.&'") #").:, '"%","), .37,(4$,, K3,(53-;2(' .386(-&/ # %") <$
044
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
L,3+(-((, 5:-( &-$28*C(4(: «&"5,3%;&/ # "2."4 4$&%$, (2/ 2$&/%;* ,3+.:4( 2","134(, .3.$&%( &(-;.:) 823,, 3 +3%$4 &."#3 ,3&&$/%;&/, &'"-; #"+4"<."
5:&%," ( 5$&>84.", 6%"5: 3%3'"#3%; # 2,81"4 4$&%$».09 J3,%(+3.&'3/ #").3
"%-(63-3&; "&"5") .$&"#4$&%(4"&%;* & =$."4$."4 7"-/ 5"/.
K-3#.:$ #"$..:$ 2$,<3#: #%",") 7"-"#(.: QQ #$'3 — !WR ( !"#$%&'() !"*+ — 2"-1"$ #,$4/ "%'3+:#3-(&; 7,(+.3#3%; +.36(4"&%; 73,%(+3.&'")
#").:. T3' "5-323%$-( ',87.$)>(? ,3'$%."-/2$,.:? 7"%$.A(3-"#, ".( .$ ?"%$-(
7".(43%;, 6%" 1-3#.8* 81,"+8 (? 5$+"73&."&%( 7,$2&%3#-/*% .$ %"-;'" .3A$-$..:$ 2,81 .3 2,813 ,3'$%:, ." %3'<$ ( %$ 43-"+34$%.:$ &(-: ( &,$2&%#3,
'"%",:$ ,"/%&/ # .$7"&,$2&%#$..") 5-(+"&%( "% (? 1,3.(A, '"%",:4 .$% 2$-3
2" 6;(?--(5" 1,3.(A #""5C$. J"'3 &"7$,.('( +3#","<$." .35-*23-( 2,81 +3
2,81"4, 7"'3 #$-&/ 1-3&.:) ( .$1-3&.:) 7"2&6$% /2$,.:? 5"$1"-"#"', &%,3%$1(6$&'(? 5"453,2(,"#C('"# ( 3%"4.:? 7"2#"2.:? -"2"', &%",".:, '"%",:$
"&%3#3-(&; +3 7,$2$-34( B%"1" &",$#."#3.(/, 7,"2"-<3-( "%%36(#3%; 4$%"2:
%") #").:, '"%",3/ 5:-3 (4 (+#$&%.3, '"%",8* ".( #$-( 7" 7,(6(.$ &#"$) 5$2."&%(, %. $. 73,%(+3.&'") #").:. !%,"1" 1"#",/, # !WR ( !!!S, '".$6.", +.3-(,
6%" 7,$2&%3#-/$% &"5") 73,%(+3.&'3/ #").3, 7"&'"-;'8 (.&%,8'%",: '3<2")
(+ B%(? &%,3. 5:-( +3./%: 7"21"%"#'") 73,%(+3.&'(? "%,/2"# # &%,3.3? «%,$%;$1" 4(,3», ,3&&43%,(#3/ (? # '36$&%#$ #&7"4"13%$-;.:? 7"2,3+2$-$.() &#"(?
823,.:? &(-. F2.3'" #"$..:$ 2"'%,(.: %") ( 2,81") &%",".: 5:-( ",($.%(,"#3.: "%.*2; .$ .3 4$%"2: -$%86$) 73,%(+3.&'") #").:, 3 .3 /2$,."$ &2$,<(#3.($ 2,81 2,813.
X(>; (&%",(6$&'"$ 7,(4(,$.($ "5$(? &%",". # -(A$ .:.$>.$1" ,8'"#"2&%#3 E3>(.1%".3 ( M"&'#: +3&%3#(-" (? 7"-."#"48 #+1-/.8%; .3 &-"<(#>8*&/ &(%83A(*. G-/ 7,3#(%$-;&%# %") ( 2,81") &%",".: "'3+3-"&; &"#$,>$.."
7"./%.", 6%" #&$ -"'3-;.:$ #").:, # '"%",:$ 5:-( #%/.8%: "1,3.(6$..:$ '".%(.1$.%: (? #"",8<$..:? &(-, 7"'3 #$-3&; 1".'3 &%,3%$1(6$&'(? #"",8<$.(),
".( 7,"(1,3-(. T,3&.",$6(#:$ 7,(4$,: %"48 E;$%.34 ( R=13.(&%3.. @$#"+4"<."&%; 7,(4$.$.(/ 823,.:? 63&%$), &343 5$&&4:&-$.."&%; B%") +3%$( 7"'3+3-3, 6%" 73,%(+3.&'3/ #").3 /#-/$%&/ .3 &$1"2./>.() 2$.; $2(.&%#$..")
=",4") «1",/6$) #").:», .3 '"%",") ( 2"-<." 5:%; &"&,$2"%"6$." #&$ #.(43.($.
G-/ 73,%(+3.&'") #").: ?3,3'%$,.3 7"-.3/ .$7,(4$.(4"&%; +3732.")
'".A$7A(( #"$..:? 2$)&%#(). E,31 +2$&; .$ &%,$4(%&/ 7"'3+:#3%; &#"$ -(A" (
.$ <$-3$% #&%873%; # '".%3'% & #3>(4( 3,4(/4(. F. 7"2%36(#3$% (? &(-:
(&7"2%(>'3, '3,38-/ &#"* <$,%#8 '3' "?"%.(', +34:>-/*C() 7"2&%,$-(%; 2(6;.
E 73,%(+3.&'") #").$ #,31 %" ( 2$-" 7,$#,3C3$%&/ # .$'8* .$+34$%.8* &(-8,
'"%",3/ #4$&%" 4$%"2(6$&'"1" .3.$&$.(/ 823,"# 7" #3>(4 #")&'34 .3."&(%
&%,$4(%$-;.:), $2#3 -( .$ "2."',3%.:) 823,, .$ "&%3#-// .('3'(? +,(4:?
&-$2"# &#"$1" 7,(&8%&%#(/. 9%" 4"<$% 5:%; 4(.3, #+,:#63%'3, +3-"<$..3/ #
3#%"4"5(-$, &34"-$% & +3-"<.('34(, "5,8>$..:) .3 5"-;>") .$5"&',$5, #(,8& &%,3>.") 5"-$+.(, # &8C."&%(, 6%" 81"2.". E 73,%(+3.&'") #").$ &34 #,31
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
045
7,$#,3C3$%&/ # :%4"7, '"%",:) &4$,%$-$. ( "2."#,$4$.." .$#(2(4. 9%" .$A(#(-(+"#3..:) #,31. E(,8& — B%" 4$%3=",3 2-/ %3'"1" 31$.%3, '"%","48 .$ %,$58$%&/ 7"-$ 5"/. !,$2&%#" 2-/ 5",;5: & #(,8&.") 73,%(+3.&'") #")."), '"%","$ (+5(,3*% ?,3.(%$-( ,3'$%."-/2$,.:? 3,&$.3-"# .3>$1" #,$4$.(, B%"
7-/>&);.
@3&'"-;'" 4.$ (+#$&%.", 7,"5-$43 &7$A.3+3 $C$ .$ "5&8<23-3&; # 1843.(%3,.") -(%$,3%8,$. 9%" 2$-3$% 7,$2-313$4:$ .(<$ ,3&&8<2$.(/ #$&;43
,(&'"#3..:4(. H$4 .$ 4$.$$, / 7"-313*, ".( .$ -(>$.: "7,$2$-$..") %"6."&%(.
P%3', 63&%( &7$A.3+3 ,3&&43%,(#3*%&/ &"#,$4$..:4 "5C$&%#$..:4
&"+.3.($4 '3' 73.3A$/ "% 5$2 73,%(+3.&'(? ,$)2"# .$7,(/%$-/ ( $1" %$,,",(&%(6$&'(? 3'A(). E &,$2&%#3? 43&&"#") (.=",43A(( 5"$A &7$A.3+3 7"'3+:#3$%&/ '3' #"(.-.$#(2(4'3, 2$)&%#8*C() &%"-; <$ 5:&%,", &'"-; ( B==$'%(#.".
Q3,3'%$,.") 7,(4$%") &7$A.3+"#&'(? "7$,3A() /#-/$%&/ (? &%,$4(%$-;."&%;
( %"6."&%;. L")A: &7$A.3+3 "5,8>(#3*%&/ .3 #,313 &-"#." 4"-.(/, 3 +3%$4
&%,$4(%$-;." (&6$+3*%. !#"( -(A3 ".( 63&%" &',:#3*% 43&'34(. H$-$#(2$.($ ( 7,$&&3 ',3).$ ,$2'" &%3."#/%&/ "6$#(2A34( (? ,35"%:. F7$,3A(( &7$A.3+3 — "2(. (+ .$4."1(? &-863$#, # "%.">$.(( '"%",:? 23$%&/ .$ ,$7",%3<, 3
&""5C$.($ 7"&%=3'%84.
U3&%( &7$A.3+3 .$,$2'" 7,$2&%3#-$.: .3(5"-$$ 7"21"%"#-$..:4( 7"2,3+2$-$.(/4( 4",&'") 7$?"%:, 73,3>*%(&%"#-2$&3.%.('"#, 3.%(%$,,",(&%(6$&'(? "%,/2"#. T .(4 5-(+'(, ',"4$ %"1", &7$A(3-;." 7"21"%"#-$..:$ 31$.%:
&-8<5 5$+"73&."&%(, 7,$2&%3#(%$-( &-8<5: &73&$.(/, 7"<3,.('(. M3&&-4$2(3 A$-$.37,3#-$.." ,3+-(63$% 5")A"# &7$A.3+3 ( %$?, '"1" ".( 7,(',:#3*%,
&73&3*%, '"48 "'3+:#3*% #&/6$&'8* 7"4"C;. !"-23%: &7$A.3+3 — B'&7$,%:
# &#"$4 2$-$, ( ".( #:7"-./*% &#"* ,35"%8 -86>$, 6$4 #&$ "&%3-;.:$. P4$.." 7"B%"48 &-8<53 # &7$A.3+$ 2"#$,/$%&/ %"-;'" 73.-4.>/&3&'( ("#$%&)(. Z2$&; .$% 4$&%3 .$ %"-;'" <$.C(.34,20 ." ( -(A34 48<&'"1" 7"-3, '"%",:$ .$ 5:-( 7,$<2$ 7"2#$,1.8%: &7$A(3-;."), .$,$2'" 4."1"',3%."), 7,"#$,'$ .3 7,"6."&%;. !"#,$4$..:) &7$A.3+ — B%" &#"$"5,3+.:) 3.3-"1 &,$2.$#$'"#") 2,8<(.: =$"23-;."1" 1"&7"2(.3, 2-/ #"(."# '"%",") #").3 &%3."#(-3&;
1-3#.") ( $2(.&%#$..") # <(+.( 7,"=$&&($).
T3' ( 7"-"<$." 2-/ &"#,$4$..") B7"?(, 5")A: &7$A.3+3 (&7"-./*% ,"-;
+3C(%.('"# .3,"23. G3<$ # &34:$ 2,343%(6.:$ 4"4$.%: (&%",(( ".( .$ #"**% & .(4, 3 5$,8% $1" &%",".8.20 E" #&$4 "&%3-;."4 &"-23%: &7$A.3+3 7,$2&%3*% '3' #:>$2>($ (+ (&%",(6$&'"1" 7,">-"1" #"(.:-4"<(, '"%",:$ 7,"4:>-/*% #")."), +3,353%:#3/ &$5$ .3 <(+.; $&-( ( .$ 4$6"4, %" & 7"4"C;*
."#$)>$1" ",8<(/ ( &7$A(3-;."1" &.3,/<$.(/. Z3C(C3/ &#") .3,"2, &"-23%
&7$A.3+3 -86>$ 6$4 '%" 5: %" .( 5:-" +.3$%, '3' 8.(6%"<(%; #,313.
E 3.%,"7"-"1(6$&'"4 &4:&-$ ,35"%3 &7$A.3+3 7,$2&%3$% '3' 41."#$..3/
3'A(/ 7,"(+#"2&%#3 7"-/ 5"/. J"-$ 5"/ &"+23$%&/ %34, 12$ B%" .$"5?"2(4".
G-/ $1" 7,"28A(,"#3.(/ .$% .8<2: # -(.(( =,".%3 ( 43&&(,"#3.."4 (&7"-;+"-
046
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
#3.(( %$?.('(. !"-23% &7$A.3+3 &,3<3$%&/ %34, 12$ .3?"2(%&/ #,31. J" B%")
7,(6(.$ 7"-$ 5"/ &7$A.3+"#A3 — #$+2$ ( .(12$. F." #$+2$, 7"&'"-;'8 #(,8&.:) #,31 4"<$% 7,(%3(%;&/ 12$ 81"2.". F." .(12$, 7"%"48 6%" .('%" .$ 8&7$#3$% +34$%(%;, '3' "." #"+.('-", 3 +3%$4 (&6$+-". !,$2( &"-23% ( 7,$2&%3#(%$-$) &-8<5 5$+"73&."&%( %"-;'" 5")A: &7$A.3+3 "5-323*% &#"(4 &"5&%#$..:4 7"-$4 5"/.
@3 "&."#$ 7,(.A(73 "5-323.(/ 7"-$4 5"/ &$1"2./ 7,"(&?"2(% ."#3/ ,$",13.(+3A(/ 7",/2'3 48<$&%#$.."&%(. J"7,"58$4 '","%'" 7$,$6(&-(%; "&."#.:$ %(7: 48<$&%#$.."&%(, ,3+-(63$4:$ .3 B%") "&."#$. E"-7$,#:?, 9.(%&%4"<?%5 3%- ("#/73:/&&.73% — %"%, '"%",:) (4$$% #"+4"<."&%; &34 7,"(+#"2(%; 7,"&%,3.&%#", 12$ 7,"(&?"2(% &?#3%'3 & #,31"4: .$ 7,(?"2(%; .3 8<$
1"%"#"$ 7"-$ 5"/, 3 &"+23#3%; $1", (&'3%; &%"-'."#$.(/, (&'3%; &#"$1" #,313,
7,$%$.2"#3%; .3 %$&.:) '".%3'% & .(4. E"-#%",:?, ()4=%&)*+&'/ 3%-' —
43-;6('(, ,3.$.:$: 2-/ .(? 7"-$ 5"/ &%3-" (&7:%3.($4, '"%","1" ".( .$ #:2$,<3-(, .3 '"%","4 ".( 5:-( 7"#$,1.8%:, 7",3<$..:$ #,31"4. D .(? 5:-"
&#"$ 7"-$ 5"/, ." ".( $1" .$ 82$,<3-(, 8&%87(# #,318. F.( 7" "7,$2$-$.(* .$
4"1-( $1" 82$,<3%;, 7"&'"-;'8 #,31 "5-323$% #(,8-$.%."&%;* ( #3-(% & ."1
#&$?, 8 '"1" .$% &7$A(3-;."1" (448.(%$%3. E-%,$%;(?, 3%-'-%;=.% — %$, '"%",:$ "%-86$.: "% 7"-/ 5"/ 7" 7,(.A(7(3-;.:4 &""5,3<$.(/4: >%3%&'($, "5-323%$-( «5$-:? 5(-$%"#», &843&>$2>($ -(A3 48<&'"1" 7"-3.
E 8&-"#(/? ."#$)>$) 73,%(+3.&'") #").: &"A(3-;." 7,"(+#"2/%&/ #&$ %,(
%(73. P? 7,"(+#"2&%#" &#/+3." & '".A$7A($) ."#") #"$..") 2"'%,(.:, '"%",3/,
=3'%(6$&'(, 7,(./%3 .3 #"",8<$.($ 1-3#.:4( &%,3.34( +3732."1" 4(,3. S$6;
(2$% " '".A$7A(( 3.%(%$,,",(&%(6$&'") 7"-(A$)&'") "7$,3A((, '"%",3/ &4$.(-3 7,$<.** 2"'%,(.8 /2$,."1" &2$,<(#3.(/. E 8&-"#(/? 3.%(%$,,",(&%(6$&'") "7$,3A((, 12$ #,313 %,$58$%&/ ,3+:&'3%;, +31-/.8%; $48 # -(A", (4$.."
2"4(.(,8*C3/ 43&'8-(.."&%; &%3."#(%&/ &"A(3-;." <$-3..:4 %(7"4. S3+84$$%&/, ".3 .$ 4"<$% "'".63%$-;." 7"%$&.(%; 7,"6($ %(7:.
E '3'")-%" &%$7$.( 4"<." 1"#",(%; " &?"2&%#$ 4$<28 &"#,$4$..:4( 7,$2&%3#-$.(/4( " &"-23%$ &7$A.3+3 ( "5,3+"4 «'".',$%."1" (.%$--$'%83-3», '3'
7,$2&%3#(- $1" Y(-; G$-$+ # '.(1$ " V8'". «I&-( (.%$--$'%83- (+4$.(- &#")
"5-(', %" 7,"(+">-" B%" 7"%"48, 6%" (+4$.(-"&; &34" $1" 7"-"<$.($, ( %$7$,;
“3%"4C(', 1$.$%(', (.=",43%(', =3,43'"-"1…” 7$,$4$C3$%&/ "% "2."1" &7$A(=(6$&'"1" 4$&%3 ' 2,81"48, "&%3#-// #7$63%-$.($ %,3.&#$,&3-;."&%(, 3 .$
8.(#$,&3-;."&%(, =8.'A(".(,8/ # ,"-( 7,(#(-$1(,"#3..") %,3.&7",%.") ,3+#/+'( (-( 7$,$',")'(».22 E &34"4 2$-$, &"-23% &7$A.3+3 7"?"< .3 «'".',$%."1" (.%$--$'%83-3», 7"&'"-;'8 (4$$% 2$-" .$ & 8.(#$,&3-;.:4( 7,"5-$434(, 3
#$&;43 '".',$%.:4( #$C34(. I1" +3.(43*% .$ -(.(/ =,".%3, 3,4323 %3.'"#
(-( 3#(3A(/ 7,"%(#.('3, ." &',:#3*C()&/ # &'-32'3? 4$&%."&%( #,3<$&'()
&.3)7$,, 8>$2>() # 1",: "%,/2 73,%(+3. ( 1"%"#/C3/ &#"( 2(#$,&("..:$ 3'%:
7"2#(<.3/ 1,8773 7,"%(#.('3. U%"5: ,$>(%; &#"* +32368, &"-23% &7$A.3+3 (
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
047
&34 7,$#,3C3$%&/ # (2$3-;.8* #$-(6(.8, #(,8&. F. .$ &"$2(./$%&/ 5"-$$ &
'3'(4-%" '".',$%.:4 4$&%"4, ." .3 "1,"4.") &'","&%( 7$,$&$'3$% 7,"&%,3.&%#3, 2"&%(13/ '".',$%.") %"6'(, .3."&/ &#") 8'"- ( (&6$+3/ #."#;. E"% 7"6$48 3.%(%$,,",(&%(6$&'($ ( 3.%(73,%(+3.&'($ 3'A(( &7$A.3+3 &%"-; %C3%$-;." 7-3.(,8*%&/. @$2"78&%(4") &6(%3$%&/ &343 4:&-; " %"4, 6%"5: 5,"&(%;
&7$A.3+ # .$7"21"%"#-$.."$ 4$&%". !7$A.3+"#&'3/ "7$,3A(/ — "2.3 (+ &34:?
#:&"'"(.%$--$'%83-;.:?, &7$A.3+"#$A — ,3+/C3/ 4:&-; ( 4:&-/C$$ ",8<($.
R.3-"1(/ 4$<28 &7$A.3+"#A$4 ( &"#,$4$..:4 (.%$--$'%83-"4 7"+#"-/$% 8'3+3%; .3 1-3#.8* 6$,%8 2"4(.(,8*C$) 43&'8-(.."&%(, &#/+:#3*C8*
4$<28 &"5") B%( &%"-; ,3+.:$ %(7:. 9%" $%73'5 %&3/**/,3. J,"2843..3/
#").3 & %$,,",(&%34( ( 73,%(+3.34(, '3' ( ,35"%3 (.%$--$'%83-3, "7(,3$%&/
.$ .3 C$7$%(-;.8* 68#&%#(%$-;."&%; ( 23<$ .$ .3 1,858* &(-8, 3 .3 ',(&%3-;." 6(&%"$ &"&%"/.($ 843, (+ '"%","1" .3 #,$4/ &7$A.3+"#&'") "7$,3A(( #:%,3#-$.: #&$ B4"A((, #&$ .$48<&'($ &-35"&%(, #&/ <$.&%#$.."&%; ( 43-;6(>$&%#". E %"4, '3' &"#,$4$..:$ 43&&-4$2(3 7,$2&%3#-/*% &7$A.3+"#A3, # %"4,
'3' =(18,(,8$% ". # &"#,$4$..") #"$..") 2"'%,(.$, 8132:#3$%&/ '-3&&(6$&'() "5,3+ 48<&'"1" &85N$'%3, .3,(&"#3..:) .$'"123 !(4".") 2$ L"#83,:23 &"-23% &7$A.3+3 — B%" %,3.&A$.2$.%3-;.:) &85N$'%, "5-323*C() 4(.(484"4
%$-$&."&%(.
@3(5"-$$ 8236.") (--*&%,3A($) '".A$7A(( &"-23%3-&7$A.3+"#A3 '3' (.%$--$'%83-;."1" #"(.3-.$#(2(4'( &%3- +.34$.(%:) '(."=(-;4 «Q(C.('» (0983)
& R,."-;2"4 W#3,A$.$11$,"4 # 1-3#.") ,"-(. F%,/28 5")A"# & .3'363..:4(
48&'8-34(, #:5,">$.."48 # 23-$'($ 2<8.1-( 2-/ 5",;5: & 73,%(+3.34(, 7,(?"2(%&/ #&'",$ &,3+(%;&/ & .$#(2(4:4 ( <$&%"'(4 4".&%,"4. E&$ ,$).2<$,:
1(5.8% "2(. +3 2,81(4, 3 1-3#.:) 1$,") 7"5$<23$%. @" '3'? F. &',:#3$% &#"$
%$-" "% 5$+<3-"&%."1" ( #&$#(2/C$1" #,313 ( 2" 7,$2$-3 .37,/13$% &#") (.%$--$'%. P4$/ 5$+8'",(+.$.." 3%-$%(6."$ %$-", ". 7"5$<23$% 84"4. P # B%"4
73,32"'&3-;."&%; $1" 7"5$2:.
H3'"# .3(5"-$$ /,'() "5,3+ #"(.3-48<6(.: .3 (&?"2$ QQ &%"-$%(/.
0
L3'-3."# K. @3#$'( — 2$#/%.32A3%(-$%.($ // @3#$'( — 2$#/%.32A3%(-$%.($: J"#$&%( ( ,3&&'3+: " E$-('") F%$6$&%#$..") #").$. M.: !"#$%&'3/ S"&&(/, 0982. !. 036–
296.
2
J,(4$, 7"2"5."1" ,"23 (.%$,7,$%3A(( 23$% R. !(.$-;.('"#, ,3&&8<23*C() " 7"-(%(6$&'(? %$?."-"1(/? %$-3 # !"#$%&'"4 !"*+$ # 7$,("2 0920–0930-? 1"2"#. !4.:
!(.$-;.('"# R. M8<&'"$ %$-": #+1-/2 ( <$-3.($. Z34$%'( ' (&%",(( 7"-(%(6$&'(?
%$?."-"1() %$-3 # S"&&(( // K$.2$,.:$ (&&-$2"#3.(/. 0999. [2. !. 209–209.
3
D'3+3..:$ %$,4(.: 7,(#"<8 7" 734/%(, ,8'"#"2&%#8/&; .35-*2$.(/4( (+ &"5&%#$.."1" "7:%3 &-8<5: # &"#$%&'") 3,4((.
2(%34%5 !%6/*+
048
4
F 6$,$2"#3.(( 7$?"%: ( '"..(A: # '36$&%#$ 1-3#.:? ,"2"# #")&' # (&%",(( #"$.."1" 2$-3 "2.(4 (+ 7$,#:? &"&%3#(- 7"-.:) "%6$% V. 9.1$-;&. !4.: 9.1$-;& V. R,4(/;
T3#3-$,(/; J$?"%3 // M3,'& T., 9.1$-;&. !"6(.$.(/, 2-$ (+2., H. 04. !. 5–50, 296–325;
352–379.
5
V8'" M. @32+(,3%; ( .3'3+:#3%;. S"<2$.($ %*,;4:. M.: Ad Marginem, 0999. !. 237–
238.
6
W"-"?"# M. R. F.( &,3<3-(&; +3 S"2(.8 // W"-"?"# M. R. @38'3 .$.3#(&%(. F.(
&,3<3-(&; +3 S"2(.8. !82;53 6$-"#$'3. M.: !"#,$4$..(', 0975. !. 063–064.
7
F2(. (+ 7,(4$,"# %3'"1" 7,"%(#"5",&%#3 23$% 5(%#3 .3 ,$'$ W$-".( 4$<28 2,8<(.") 4"&'"#&'"1" './+/ P#3.3 III ( .3,"2.:4 "7"-6$.($4 @"#1","23. !4:. T.(13
&%$7$..3/ A3,&'"1" ,"2"&-"#(/ // J"-."$ &"5,3.($ ,8&&'(? -$%"7(&$). !J5., 0903.
H. 20. U. 2.
8
V. L,"2$-;, ?"%/ ( # 2,81") %$,4(."-"1((, 7(>$% "5 B%"4 7,"%(#"&%"/.(( &-$28*C(4 "5,3+"4: «T","-$#&'($ #")&'3 #$-( &$5/ "2(.3'"#" 6%" .3 &#"$), 6%" .3 68<")
%$,,(%",((. L",;53 &"-23%3 ( ',$&%;/.(.3 — B%" &343/ .3&%"/C3/ '-3&&"#3/ 5",;53, .$ +.3#>3/ 7$,$2:>$'. T3' 7,3#(-", 7"5$23 "&%3#3-3&; +3 &"-23%"4, ." 7"263& (
',$&%;/.(.8 823#3-"&; #+/%; ,$#3.>». — L,"2$-; V. U%" %3'"$ V,3.A(/? T.. 7$,#3/:
J,"&%,3.&%#" ( (&%",(/. M.: P+2-#" (4. !353>.('"#:?, 0994. !. 300.
9
G3%3 +378&'3 !"#$%&'(4 !"*+"4 7$,#"1" (&'8&&%#$.."1" &78%.('3 Z$4-(, .363-"
>(,"'"1" (&7"-;+"#3.(/ 4$<'".%(.$.%3-;.:? 53--(&%(6$&'(? ,3'$%.:? #"",8<$.().
00
Virilio P. Pure War. New York: Semiotext(e), 0983.
00
G3.."$ .35-*2$.($ 5$,8 (+ &"5&%#$.."1" "7:%3 &-8<5: # ,3'$%.:? #")&'3? &%,3%$1(6$&'"1" .3+.36$.(/.
02
G$.; J"5$2:: J$&.( #$-('"1" 7"2#(13. M.: Q82"<. -(%$,3%8,3, M8+:'3, 0985. !. 059.
03
!4.: X(%%,$ 9. M$2(A(.3 ( 4$2('(. !J5., 0873.
04
F 7,$2-"<$.(( @. P. J(,"1"#3 " ,3&7,$2$-$.(( ,3.$.:? 7" «"5:#3%$-;&'(4 2"434» &4.: J(,"1"# @. P. @363-3 "5C$) ?(,8,1((. U. 0. !$#3&%"7"-;&'($ 7(&;43 //
!"5,3.($ &"6(.$.(): E 8 %. H. 5. M.: M$21(+, 0960. !. 54–57.
05
H(7(6.:) 7,(4$, %3'") ,$1-34$.%3A((, #:,353%:#3$4") # %8 B7"?8, &4.: S3>'"#(6
L. L$&$2: " 5"-;.(6."4 ( 2"43>.$4 8?"2$ +3 5"-;.:4( ( ,3.$.:4( & #"-;."&-8>3%$-;.(A34( '8,&"# 7,( !3,3%"#&'") R.2,$$#&'") F5C(.$ &$&%$, 4(-"&$,2(/.
!3,3%"#, 0895.
!"#$%&', ()*+$%,% % -.*/ 0.1
049
06
J(,"1"# @. P. E"$.."-#,36$5."$ 2$-" ( 63&%.3/ 7"4"C;. !J5., 0897. U. 0. !. 209.
07
K3-3.(.&'3/ E. L82.( 4$2&3.53%3 // G","134( #").:. E"&7"4(.3.(/ 863&%.('"#
E$-('") F%$6$&%#$..") #").:. T.. 4. !3,3%"#: J,(#"-<. '.. (+2., 0976. !. 68.
08
H34 <$. !.77. !4. %3'<$: K3-3.(.&'3/ E. P. L82.( 4$2&3.53%3. Z37(&'( #"$..")
4$2&$&%,:. !3,3%"#: J,(#"-<. '.. (+2., 0980.
09
L,"2$-; V. M3%$,(3-;.3/ A(#(-(+3A(/, B'"."4('3 ( '37(%3-(+4, XV–XVIII ##. H. 3.
E,$4/ 4(,3. M.: J,"1,$&&, 0992. !. 55.
20
Q3,3'%$,.") # B%"4 &4:&-$ #:1-/2(% 1"--(#82&'3/ 7"7:%'3 7,$2&%3#(%; "5,3+ <$.C(.: (+ &7$A.3+3 # =(-;4$ «E"$.."&-8<3C3/ G<$).» & G$4( M8, # 1-3#.") ,"-(,
'"%",") 7" ?"28 =(-;43 7,(?"2(%&/ 7,("5,$%3%; 7"2-(.." 48<&'($ 6$,%:: '","%'($ #"-"&:, <$&%'"$, 48&'8-(&%"$ %$-", 1,858* ,$6;, # '"%",") 7,$"5-323$% 5,3.;.
20
T,3&.",$6(#:4 7,(4$,"4 B%"1" 7,(.A(73 /#-/*%&/ &"5:%(/ 3#18&%3 0990 1"23 #
M"&'#$, '"123 5")A: 1,877: «R-;=3» "%'3+3-(&; #:&%87(%; 7,"%(# #:>$2>(? .3
8-(A: 1","23 4"&'#(6$).
22
G$-$+ Y. V8'". M.: P+2-#" 1843.(%3,.") -(%$,3%8,:, 0988. !. 022.
23
L"#83, !. 2$. E%",") 7"-. H.0, 2. M.: J,"1,$&&; !J5.: R-$%$)/, 0997.