РЕЗОНАНСНОПОДОБНАЯ СТРУКТУРА, НАБЛЮДАЕМАЯ В

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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 794, 2008
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /37/
À.Ñ. Êà÷àí, È.Â. Êóðãóç, È.Ñ. Êîâòóíåíêî ...
Ðåçîíàíñíîïîäîáíàÿ ñòðóêòóðà...
ɍȾɄ 539.163
ɊȿɁɈɇȺɇɋɇɈɉɈȾɈȻɇȺə ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ, ɇȺȻɅɘȾȺȿɆȺə ȼ ɊȿȺɄɐɂɂ
30
Si(p,J)31P
Ⱥ.ɋ. Ʉɚɱɚɧ, ɂ.ȼ. Ʉɭɪɝɭɡ, ɂ.ɋ. Ʉɨɜɬɭɧɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɳɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɚɧɢɧ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ “ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ”, 61108, ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ, ɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 1
E-mail: Kachan@kipt.kharkov.ua
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 8 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2008ɝ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 30Si(p,J)31P ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ Ep = 1,4-2,7 Ɇɷȼ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɦɦɚɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ ɫ Ep = 1482, 2350, 2505 ɤɷȼ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɭɸ
31
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɺɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɹɞɪɚ P. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɪɚ. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɢɥ ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ 30Si(p,J)31P, M1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ, M1-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɢɝɚɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ.
Ɋɚɧɟɟ [1, 2], ɢɡɭɱɚɹ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ (Ɋɉɋ), ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɹɞɪɚɦɢ 21Ne, 25Mg, 29Si, 33S, ɦɵ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ
(ɆȾɊ) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɨ-ɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɯ 4N+np ɹɞɟɪ 22Na, 26Al, 30P ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɆȾɊ ɜ ɹɞɪɟ 34Cl.
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ (ɐɌ) ɆȾɊ (ȿ0=6kȿkȼk(Ɇ1)/6kBk (Ɇ1)) ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜ 4N ɹɞɪɚɯ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 3 Ɇɷȼ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ Ⱥ (ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɬɢɩɚ E0=40Ⱥ-1/3 [3]). ɗɬɨɬ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɦɵ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɥɢ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɢɩɥɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɆȾɊ ɜ 4N, 4N+2n ɢ 4N+np ɹɞɪɚɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɆȾɊ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɧɭɤɥɨɧɵ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɐɌ ɆȾɊ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɫɩɢɧ-ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ nn(pp)-ɩɚɪ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ nɪ-ɩɚɪ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɐɌ ɆȾɊ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚ, ɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ d5/2 ɢɥɢ d3/2. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɐɌ ɆȾɊ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ 5-6 Ɇɷȼ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɆȾɊ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ nn- ɢɥɢ ɪɪ- ɩɚɪɵ ɢɡ d5/2 - ɩɨɞɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ, ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɐɌ ɆȾɊ ɜ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜ ɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɨɤɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ [4-7] (ɐɌ ɆȾɊ ɜ ɹɞɪɚɯ 35Cl ɢ 37Cl ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ 9-10 Ɇɷȼ. ȼ ɹɞɪɚɯ 23Na ɢ 27Al ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ 5-6 Ɇɷȼ). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɆȾɊ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ,
ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɟ ɆȾɊ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ. ɐɟɥɶɸ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 30Si(p,J)31P ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɕ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɗɋɍ–5 ɇɇɐ ɏɎɌɂ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ NaI(Tl) ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ‡150u100 ɦɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 5 ɫɦ ɨɬ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ
550 ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ J-ɤɜɚɧɬɵ ɫ EJ > 2,6 Ɇɷȼ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ
ɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ J-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ Ge(Li) ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɦ 60 ɫɦ3 ɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ 4 ɤɷȼ ɞɥɹ EJ =
1332 ɤɷȼ. ɇɚɲɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɣ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ (ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 2 ɤɷȼ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ 2 Ɇɷȼ), ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɜɛɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ 30Si ɜ ɬɚɧɬɚɥɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɭ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɦ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɟ. Ɍɚɧɬɚɥɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɢɫɤ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 16 ɦɦ ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 0,5 ɦɦ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ ɬɚɧɬɚɥɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɞɚɺɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɨɧ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɥɭɱɟɣ ɞɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ 4 Ɇɷȼ. Ɇɢɲɟɧɢ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɭɞɨɛɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ «ɜɛɢɬɵɯ» ɦɢɲɟɧɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɹɞɟɪ ɜ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ J-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ.
ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɂ ɂɏ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ
Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ
ɹɞɪɚ 31Ɋ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɹɞɪɚɦɢ 30Sɿ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ-
74
À.Ñ. Êà÷àí, È.Â. Êóðãóç, È.Ñ. Êîâòóíåíêî ...
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 794, 2008
ɬɨɧɨɜ ɨɬ 0,5 ɞɨ 4,0 Ɇɷȼ [8-11]. ɇɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɫ ȿɪ=1482, 2350 ɢ 2505 ɤɷȼ [9], ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ J-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɞɥɹ J-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɷɬɢɯ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɰɢɤɥ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ, ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɆȾɊ ɜ ɹɞɪɟ 31Ɋ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 30Sɿ(p,J)31Ɋ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ Ep = 1,4-2,7 Ɇɷȼ (ɪɢɫ.1).
N
J
12000
8000
4000
0
1400 1500
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
E p , ɤɷȼ
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 30Si(p,J)31P
ɋɢɥɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ (S=(2J+1)ȽɪȽJ/Ƚ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ, ɫ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɩɪɢ ȿɪ=1880 ɤɷȼ. ɋɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɢ
ɪɚɜɧɚ 4,8r0,7 ɷȼ [8]. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
(Ɋɉɋ) (ɪɢɫ.2ɚ), ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɬɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɹɞɪɚɦɢ 22Nɟ,
26
Mg, 34S ɢ 36S, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ [4-7]. ɉɪɚɜɞɚ, ɰɟɧɬɪ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ (ȿɰ.ɬ.=6kȿkSk/6kSk) ɷɬɨɣ Ɋɉɋ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ
10,4r0,5 Ɇɷȼ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɹɞɪɟ 37ɋl ɢ ɧɚ 1 Ɇɷȼ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ 35Cl. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɵ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɹɞɪɚ 31Ɋ. Ⱥ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ ȻɪɢɧɤɚȺɤɫɟɥɹ, ɬɚɤɨɣ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɱɟɦ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ, ɪɚɜɧɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɹɞɪɚ 31Ɋ (ȿ*=1266 ɤɷȼ). ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ [1-7] Ɋɉɋ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɢ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤ
Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɭ, "ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɦɭ" ɧɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ (34Cl) ɐɌ Ɋɉɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ.
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ Ɋɉɋ ɜ ɹɞɪɟ 31Ɋ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ
ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɭ Ɋɉɋ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ J-ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ J-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ ɫ ȿɪ=1482, 2350 ɢ 2505 ɤɷȼ. Ge(Li) ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 7 ɫɦ ɨɬ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 20 ɦɤɝ/ɫɦ2. Ɇɢɲɟɧɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ 450 ɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ 00, 300, 450, 600, 900. ɉɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ [12]. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɦ
NaI(Tl). ɗɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 30Si(p,J)31P. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɚɤ) ɩɨ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚɦ Ʌɟɠɚɧɞɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ W(T)=A0[1+ɚ2Ɋ2(cosT)+ɚ4Ɋ4 (cosT)+ɚ6Ɋ6(cosT)]. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɜ
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɢɧɨɜ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ J-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
(G) ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ª A 0 W ɬɟɨɪ ɢn W ɷɤɫɩ ɢn º
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ɝɞɟ Wɬɟɨɪ(T) = 6kQkUk0Fk ( J1, J2, L, G ) Pk- ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ J-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
2
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2
75
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ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /37/
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɢɧɚɦɢ J1 ɢ J2, Wɷɤɫɩ(T) ɢ 'Wɷɤɫɩ (T) - ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, Ⱥ0 - ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ, Qɤ - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ, Uk0 - ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɧɡɨɪɚ, n - ɱɢɫɥɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ (ɭɝɥɨɜ). ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɧɡɨɪɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ G
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ (ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ J-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 30Si(p,J)31P
Ep, ɤɷȼ
1482
2505
2350
E*i o E*f , ɤɷȼ
8730 o 0
o 2234
o 3134
o 3295
o 5015
9721 o 0
o 1266
o 2234
o 3506
o 4261
9571 o 0
o 1266
o 3134
o 1727
a2r'a2
a4r'a4
a6r'a6
0,25r0,12
0,40r0,10
0,38r0,09
0,42r0,15
0,32r0,12
0,09r0,14
0,39r0,14
0,29r0,12
0,23r0,26
0,04r0,11
0,01r0,11
0,12r0,12
0,09r0,11
0,35r0,13
0,14r0,12
0,05r0,10
0,05r0,08
0,41r0,15
0,11r0,12
0,09r0,15
0,04r0,13
0,07r0,12
0,24r0,28
0,35r0,13
0,04r0,12
0,09r0,13
0,12r0,13
0,12r0,12
0,009r0,13
0,110r0,09
0,06r0,09
0,14r0,17
0,03r0,10
0,12r0,16
0,005r0,140
0,13r0,14
0,21r0,30
0,10r0,12
0,08r0,13
0,07r0,12
0,15r0,14
0,11r0,12
F 2min
0,003
1,2
0,27
0,15
0,07
0,04
0,21
1,1
1,45
0,38
1,9
0,0005
0,0003
0,1
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɚɧɨ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɹɞɪɚ 31Ɋ(JS=1/2+). Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ (Ɋȼɉ) ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ [13].
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2b ɢ 2c ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ȼ(Ɇ1). ɗɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ 0,1 P2N (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ "ɮɨɧɚ" ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ) ɢ 0,05 P2N (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ "ɮɨɧɚ" ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɯ J-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ Ɋɉɋ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɹɞɪɚ 31Ɋ (ɪɢɫ.2c).
ɋɚɦɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ Ɇ1-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 7141 ɤɷȼ (JS=1/2+) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɪɚɜɧɚ 0,47 P2N. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 7141 ɤɷȼ [10]. ɐɟɧɬɪ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɆȾɊ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɹɞɪɚ 31Ɋ (ɪɢɫ.2b) ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 8,5r0,3 Ɇɷȼ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɹɞɟɪ c ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ d5/2 -ɩɨɞɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ. ɗɬɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɹɞɪɟ 31Ɋ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ nn ɢɥɢ pp- ɩɚɪɚ ɢɡ d5/2 ɩɨɞɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɹɞɪɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ nn(pp)ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ (SɆ1EW = 6kEkBk(M1)Ĺ), ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ (S =
(2I+1)ȽpȽJ/Ƚ), ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ:
b if S i [ɷȼ]
86,6
B(M1) fi n
[P 2N ] ,
(2)
(2I f 1) (1 G if2 )E 3J [Ɇɷȼ]
if
ɝɞɟ i – ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ (ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɟ); f – ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ; bif – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ; Si – ɫɢɥɵ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ; Gif – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɞɥɹ J – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ; I – ɫɩɢɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ; ȿJif – ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ J – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ; ȼ(Ɇ1)fin – ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ M1-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ (B(M1)fin = (2Ii+1)/(2If+1)B(M1)ifp).
ɉɨɥɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ (SɆ1EW) ɆȾɊ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ 10,7r2,2 Ɇɷȼ P2N. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɆȾɊ ɜ 37Cl ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦɨ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɜ ɱɺɬɧɵɯ (4N+2n) ɹɞɪɚɯ [1], ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɦ nn(pp) - ɩɚɪɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ d5/2 - ɩɨɞɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɹɞɟɪ 23Na ɢ 27Al, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɆȾɊ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ ɜ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɆȾɊ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧ ɢɡ ɧɟɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ d5/2 - ɩɨɞɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ.
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɆȾɊ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɜ ɹɞɪɟ 31Ɋ.
76
À.Ñ. Êà÷àí, È.Â. Êóðãóç, È.Ñ. Êîâòóíåíêî ...
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 794, 2008
S , eV
20
30
31
Si(p,J) P
a
10
QpJ
n
0
Ro 0
-1
ȼ(Ɇ1)n, 10 P1
4
b
2
0
R o 1266
1,5
c
1,0
0,5
0,0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
E p , MeV
Ɋɢɫ.2. Ƚɚɦɦɚ-ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
30
Si(p,J)31P:
ɚ - ɫɢɥɵ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ; b - ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ J-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɹɞɪɚ 31P; c - ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ J-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɹɞɪɚ 31P. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ S > 1 ɷȼ.
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɝɚɦɦɚɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 30Si(p,J)31P
ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ȿɪ = 1,4-2,7 Ɇɷȼ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ 8730 ɤɷȼ (ȿɪ=1482
ɤɷȼ), 9571 ɤɷȼ (ȿɪ=2350 ɤɷȼ) ɢ
9721 ɤɷȼ (ȿɪ=2505 ɤɷȼ). ɂɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
30
Si(p,J)31P ɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ, ɢɯ ɫɩɢɧɵ, ɱɺɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ
ɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢ
ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɹɞɪɚ
31
Ɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɆȾɊ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɹɞɪɚ 31Ɋ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɆȾɊ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɪɚ.
ɋɉɂɋɄɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
1. Ʉɚɱɚɧ Ⱥ.ɋ., ɇɟɦɚɲɤɚɥɨ Ȼ.Ⱥ., ɋɬɨɪɢɠɤɨ ȼ.ȿ. Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ ɜ ɹɞɪɚɯ sd-ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ // əɎ. – 1989. – Ɍ.49, ʋ2. – ɋ. 367-370.
2. Ʉɚɱɚɧ Ⱥ.ɋ., ȼɨɞɢɧ Ⱥ.ɇ., ɇɟɦɚɲɤɚɥɨ Ȼ.Ⱥ., ɋɥɚɛɨɫɩɢɰɤɢɣ Ɋ.ɉ. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ɇ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɧɟɱɺɬɧɨ-ɧɟɱɺɬɧɨɦ ɹɞɪɟ 34Cl //
əɎ – 1992. – Ɍ. 55, ʋ10. – ɋ. 2609-2615.
3. ɂɲɯɚɧɨɜ Ȼ.ɋ., ɘɞɢɧ ɇ.ɉ., ɗɪɚɦɠɹɧ Ɋ.Ⱥ. Ƚɢɝɚɧɬɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɵ ɜ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɹɞɪɚɯ // ɗɑȺə. – 2000. – Ɍ. 32, ɜɵɩ. 2. –
ɋ. 313-319.
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RESONANCE-LIKE STRUCTURE, OBSERVED IN THE 30Si(p,J)31P REACTION
A.S. Kachan, I.V. Kurguz, I.S. Kovtunenko, V.M. Mischenko, V.A. Panin
National Scientific Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”,
1, Akademicheskaya st., Kharkov, 61108
Gamma-decay of the resonance-like structures observed in the 30Si(p,J)31P reaction in the energy range Ep = 1,4-2,7 MeV of accelerated protons was studied. Excitation function, J-ray spectra and angle distributions were measured for resonances at Ep = 1482, 2350,
2505 keV, which composed this resonance-like structure. The M1-resonance is identified on the ground state and first excited state of
31
P. The total strength and the center of gravity of the M1-resonance on the ground state is determined for given nucleus. The position and total strength of M1-resonance on the ground state is explained by taking into account pairing forces.
KEY WORDS: The 30Si(p,J)31P reaction, M1 resonance, M1 transition, pairing-energy, giant resonance.