. « . – : : ., « » ( 6) – 2012 . » -2- ................................................................ 3 ........................................................................................ 4 .............................................. 6 ............ 10 .................................. 14 ............. 16 : ................................................ 19 ...................................................................... 25 -3- , « ». « . . » , , : , , , , , , , , ». , « » 6 . . , 6, . , . -4- , . , . , , . (D) (3He). D–3He- . D–3He. ( , , ) 3 He . , -3 , -3 (D–3He). , . (D). -5- , , . ITER (D–T) - . , . D–3He- , . -6- , . R/a = 1.1–2, , (R/a > 3). . , . 10 . - , , . , , , . D–3He , 80 % D–T- . . D–T, D–3He D–D : -7- D+T ) + 4He (3.5 n (14.1 D + 3He (1) ) + 4He (3.67 p (14.68 D+D n (2.45 ) + 3He (0.817 D+D p (3.02 ) + T (1.01 n – ), ). (2) ), (3) ), (4) , 4He – , p – ( - ), (1 = 1.6 10–19 ). D–T- , , 5 . D–3He(3), , , . (4), D–DD–3He- , 5 %. 40 , . . . , ITER, D–3He- , , . , D–3He- D–T- . -8- , . , . D–3He, , . . , . , . , : , 2 , 3 . , , . [9, 10] D– 3 He- . , 1 [10]. -9- , . , T = 40 . ( = 1.16 107 1 1500 40 %, . , 600 , . D–3He- 1. ( [10]) a, 2 3 3 4.5 B0, 5 3 Ip, MA 140 200 0.4 0.5 , . R, , , , , . Bc . ), - 10 - , . 1, a , R. A = R/a . A A 3 . . 1. . k = b/a 1.1–2, - 11 - . , . r0 . , , . r0 . . , , , , B0 R . r B (r ) (5) B0 – ( , Oz ( r0 = R – a – s – . s . r = R), r – . 1). – 0, (6) ( ), 0 – . (5), B max B0 B(r0 ) B(R) R R a . s 0 (7) - 12 - , , B0 . , . . , . 5.5 , a = 2 : B0 = , A = 1.7, r0 = 95 = 30 s , 0 = 15 , Bmax = B(r0) = 19.7 . . , , Bp, . Bp [ B(r0 )] 2 B max . B0. B 2p , 20.5 . , (Nb3Sn), 4.2 24.5 Bc = . , jmax 0.4 109 2 . Nb3Sn B 20 , , (5) I 2 r0 B (r0 ) 0 , (8) - 13 - 0 – . 10 % , , . I = r02 = 2.8 S0 = 2 S = 0.28 j = I/S = 0.33 109 9.35 107 ( . 2 , 10 %). 2 . . - . . , . , - 14 - , -3, , . , [9, 10]. , . , . , . , [10]. a , k . k = 3.7, , = 0.35 ( ITER). .2 D–3He- , ITER ). 3 , 800 , ARIES (D–T- ). 900 A, ( Vp 3 600 3 . - 15 - D–3He- . 2. , ITER W fus dV , Pfus Wus – , (9) , . Wfus . , Pfus, [10]. , . - 16 - . , , , IPB98y2 [5]. 1.2–1.5. , Wfus 3 3.5 . ( ) 2. D–3He- 2. 1 a, b, R, V, 3 T, Ip, ) Pfus, 2 2 7.4 5.6 3.4 3.4 900 650 62 62 110 110 0.8 0.4 3060 580 ( ) ( 2 - 17 - ( 1) Pfus 3000 . 1000 . k = b/a = 3.7 ) N ( = 100< >aB0/Ip = 5, < > – . k= 2.8. 2200 . . , , . 5 N B0 5 1 ( 2 B0 . N , , . = , . 2) k = 2.8, N = 2.5. . , k = 3.7 N = 5 . (field reversed configuration, FRC). FRC , . , FRC - 18 - , , . D–3He- FRC . , D–3He- . . , . . . D–3He. 5.5 20.5 . , , . , . D–3He- , , , , , , . - 19 - D–3He- . , , . -3 , , . , -3. , , -3. , -3. - 20 - : . .« . . ) - 21 - , , Q Pfus / Pinj 10..20 ) . Q :D+T Pfus / Pinj ) + 4He (3.5 n (14.1 14- 238U +n 232Th +n 239U 239U + 233Th + 239Np – 233Th – 0.1..1 : 239Pu – 233Pa – 233U ) - 22 - = JET ITER – - 23 - , r z V ) sin ) 4 1 f shape 2 2 2 8 192 a Rkf shape Ka B0 R Bp qcyl 5KaB0 AI p 2 qa , R a cos( ak sin 2 5aB0 [1 k (1 2 2 AI p p p 1.22 Ip ) n T T0 (1 2 ) T p p0 (1 2 ( n 0 /(1 T0 /(1 p 0 /(1 0 )](1.17 0.65 A ) E th . /(1 ) B2 2 0 a2 NG aB0 2 n T p f fast )( Pfus Pn Pinj ) Eth Prad E (1 A 2 ) 2 n0 (1 n (1 1 . N 3 A R/a 3 p 0.01 3 a 4R 10 p0 n Prad ne 20 1 Q 3 2 ni k B Ti ne k B Te V i Pbr B02 V 2 0 3 2 Ps Pfus / Pinj Ip 0 T) B02 2 0 ITER) 98 y 2 E 0.0562I 0p.93 B00.15 M 0.19 ( ne / 1019 ) 0.41 a1.97 A1.39 k 0.78 PL 0.69 n) T n n ) T T ) ne Z i ni i ) n, T, p H y2 E / 98 y 2 E 1 . E 98 y 2 E - 24 - ITER-FEAT IPB) ITER 0D a, 2.0 2.0 1.4 0.85 R, 6.2 6.2 7.14 4.3 A = R/a 3.1 3.1 5.1 5.1 k 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 828 828 470 104 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.5 15 15 5.5 3.13 qa /qcyl 3.0/2.22 3.0/2.22 3.0/2.22 3.0/2.22 > 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.015 1.77 1.77 3.05 1.83 0.85 0.71 0.78 0.27 1.01 0.85 0.70 0.37 10 10 10 10 – 80 80 80 Pfus, 410 380 1555 97 Q = Pfus/Pinj 10 5 20 1 3.7 2.6 0.42 0.16 – 1.2 1.5 2.9 3 V 0, Ip, N NG <ne>, 1020 –3 T, , E, s, - 25 - 1. . . . .: . , 2007. 2. . . .: . . , 2006. 3. ., ., // . . 1999. . 69, 4. . . 9. . 58–62. ., . // . – 2000. – . . 3. – . 28–35. 5. // 6. . . 2007. . 47. . . . // 1967. . 93. . . 4. . 675–701. 7. ., . 8. . .: // . http://bse.sci-lib.com/article100164.html ( 9. , 2006. URL: : 26.12.2010). . D–3He // . 10. . . 2001. . 2. . 37–43. D–3He- . 3 He // 2006. . 76, . . 9. . 51–54. 11. ., ., . // . . 12. . 2010. . 3. . 55–74. . // . ? . XXXVIII , .: .( « ) », 2011. .