влияние условий кристаллизации на макроскопический фронт

реклама
73
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï.3 /35/
Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ...
Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ...
ɍȾɄ 669.245:536.42.
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɍɋɅɈȼɂɃ ɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɇȺ ɆȺɄɊɈɋɄɈɉɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɎɊɈɇɌ
ɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɂ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇɈȿ ɋɈȼȿɊɒȿɇɋɌȼɈ ɆɈɇɈɄɊɂɋɌȺɅɅɈȼ
NI-ɋɉɅȺȼɈȼ
ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱥɠɚɠɚ1), ȼ.ə. ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜ 1), Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧɞɪɚɬɨɜ 1), Ⱥ.ȼ. Ȼɨɝɭɫɥɚɟɜ 2), ȼ.ȼ. Ʉɥɨɱɢɯɢɧ 2)
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ»,
ɝ. ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ ,ɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ 1, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
e-mail : sverdlov@kipt.kharkov.ua
2)
ɈȺɈ «Ɇɨɬɨɪ – ɋɢɱ», ɝ. Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɶɟ ,ɭɥ. 8 Ɇɚɪɬɚ 15, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 10 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 2007ɝ.
1)
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ
ɇȼ-4 ɢ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫ
ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ, ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ, ɹɱɟɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ,
ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɤ
ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ [1]. ȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢɡ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨ-Ȼɪɢɞɠɦɟɧɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɜɨɤ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ 35%W ɢ 65%Ni. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɜɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ Z ɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ
ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢ, ɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɵ [1]. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɡɚɤɚɥɤɨɣ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ
ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ [2, 3]. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4 ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ
ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ.
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɕ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌȺ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɢɤɟɥɹ ɇȼ-4 (Ɍɍ 192-112-87) ɢ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ (Ɍɍ 1-92-177-91). ɋɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɍɍ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.1.
ɋɩɥɚɜ
ɇȼ-4
ɀɋ32-ȼɂ
Ni
ɨɫɧɨɜɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚ
ɋɩɥɚɜ
ɇȼ-4
ɀɋ32-ȼɂ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɢ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ, %
W
C
Cr
Co
Mo
Al
Nb
32-36
7,7-9,5 0,124,3-5,6 8,00,8-1,4 5,6-6,3 1,4-1,8
0,18
10,0
(ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 1)
ɉɪɢɦɟɫɢ
Fe
Si
S
P
Pb
”1,0
”0,04
”0,015
”0,015
”1,0
”0,01
”0,015
”0,001
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ
Ta
3,5-4,5
Bi
”0,0005
Re
3,54,5
74
Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ...
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007
Ɇɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɣɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɨɪɭɧɞɚ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ ɨɬ 0,4 ɞɨ 10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ, ɚ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ G|20°ɋ/ɦɦ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɠɢɞɤɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ga-25%In,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ~16°ɋ [4].
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɡɚɤɚɥɤɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ
ɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ. Ɂɚɤɚɥɤɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɇɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 9 ɢ
ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ~150ɦɦ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɥɢɮɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɬɨɜɵɦ
ɤɪɭɝɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɥɢɮɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɢ
ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ (ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ 2:1:1) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30-40 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. Ɇɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ Neophot-32. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɮɪɚɤɬɨɦɟɬɪɟ «ȾɊɈɇ4» ɜ Cu-KD-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ.
ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɂ ɂɏ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ, ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ, ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ GTZ/ GTR, ɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɦɟɠɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ «ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥ - ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ», ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɫɬɚ R ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ W
[1]
W=R=
dx
,
dW
(1)
Qɨɬɜ=QL + Qɩɨɞɜ ,
(2)
ɝɞɟ Qɨɬɜ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɨɬɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ; QL ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ; Qɩɨɞɜ - ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ.
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ [1], ɱɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ
(ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ GTR ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɬɥɢɜɤɢ, ɬɨ ɮɪɨɧɬ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ. ȼ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ GTR ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɬ ɨɬɥɢɜɤɢ ɜ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɬɨ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ 'Ɍ=ɌL - TS ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ
ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɜɨɞ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɯ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ. ɋɥɭɱɚɣ
ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɜɨɞɟ ɜ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɟ, ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚɯ 'Ɍ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ W.
ȼ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni-33,6%W ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ R=0,4…10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [3]: ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ o ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ o ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ o ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ o ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɵ. ȼ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɇȼ-4 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni33,6%W ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ
R=0,4…10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɤ
ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ, ɜ, ɝ, ɞ). ɇɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ, ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ R=0,4 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɢ
1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɥ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ) ɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɚɥɤɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɦ
ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ (ɫɦ. ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ «ɤɨɥɥɚɠɚ» ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ).
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ «ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɚɹ» ɮɨɪɦɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ «ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ» ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ. ɗɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni33,6%W.
75
Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ...
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 3 /35/
ɚ
ɜ
ɛ
ɝ
ɞ
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɥɢɮɵ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ Ni-33,6%W
ɚ – R=0,4 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɛ – R=1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɜ – R=2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɝ – R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɞ – R=10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni-35,7%W, ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo ɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ
ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ Ni-C%W, C=30; 35,7; 37,8; 39,9 (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.2, ɪɢɫ.2 ɢ ɪɢɫ.3) ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɫɢ Z ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ (ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ Al, Ti ɢ ɫ
ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ Ni-30%W). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ
ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ (10 ɦɦ, 6 ɦɦ, 5 ɦɦ, 4 ɦɦ) ɞɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ
ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ȼ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɇȼ-4 ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ Ni-30%W (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.2). Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ
35,7%; 37,8%; 39,9 ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
76
Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ...
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ: ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 8 ɦɦ; 20 ɦɦ; 22 ɦɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɝɪɭɷɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (Ni-36,8%W) ɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ 'Ɍ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ [5] ɩɪɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ
ɮɪɨɧɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ:
G
m C (1 k )
t L 0
,
R
kD
(3)
ɝɞɟ G – ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; R – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ; mL –
ɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ ɭɝɥɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɭɫɚ; C0 – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ; k – ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ; D – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɟ.
Ɋɢɫ.2. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-W ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɤɨɧɝɪɭɷɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ.
ɚ – Ni-30%W; ɛ – Ni-35,7%W; ɜ – Ni-37,8%W; ɝ – Ni-39,9%W.
ɗɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ [1]:
G 'T
t
,
R
D
(4)
ɝɞɟ 'Ɍ – ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɭɫɚ ɢ ɫɨɥɢɞɭɫɚ.
ɋɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɣ ɫɩɥɚɜ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4 ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ 'ɌɄɊ=ɌL-TS = 67°C [1]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ
ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ
77
Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ...
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 3 /35/
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ +
(ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ)
ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ
(ɜɨɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ)
ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰ
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
0,4
10,0
0,3Al
4,0
+10
30
4,0
Ni-C%W
35,7
37,8
4,0
39,9
+22
4,0
+20
1,2
2,6
+10
ȼɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ
+14
6,8
-20
ȼɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ
ɀɋ32-ȼɂ
4,0
-15
ɍɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ
4,0
+8
ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ
4,0
+7
ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɚ
4,0
+4
ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ
ȼɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ
+5
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ
ɤɨɧɭɫ
Ni-35,7%W-X%Me
0,13Ti
0,68Cr
0,72Mo
4,0
+6
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ
ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ
Ni-33,6%W
4,0
+3
2,6
+7
ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ
ȼɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ
+7
ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɚ
1,2
-
ɉɥɨɫɤɢɣ
-
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɟ
ɤɨɧɭɫ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
R, ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ
ɋɩɥɚɜ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ
ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ
10,0
-30
78
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007
Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ...
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R=1,2-2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.4). ɉɪɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ
ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.5).
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇȼ-4 ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ R=0,4 ɢ 1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1 ɚ, ɛ). ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ Q ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɤ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɣ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɢɫ.3. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ni-35,7%W ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo. R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ.
ɚ – Ni-35,7%W-0,3%Al; ɛ – Ni-35,7%W-0,13%Ti; ɜ – Ni-35,7%W-0,68%Cr; ɝ – Ni-35,7%W-0,72%Mo.
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨ-ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɢ R=2,6; 4,0;
10 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ R=20 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɜɨɞ ɫ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ.
ȼ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɇȼ-4, ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ Al, Ti, Cr, Mo ɩɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ R=4 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ Ni-33,6%W, ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɨɬɬɟɫɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤ<1, ɝɞɟ ɤ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Al, Ti,
Cr, Mo. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɚɫɶ,
79
Âëèÿíèå óñëîâèé êðèñòàëëèçàöèè íà ...
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 3 /35/
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɥɚɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ
ɞɟɧɞɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɢ: ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ GT, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥ-ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ.
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ GT, R, C, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [6].
ɚ
ɛ
Ɋɢɫ.4. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɫ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɚ- R=1,2 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɛ - R=2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ.
ɚ
ɛ
ɜ
Ɋɢɫ.5. Ɂɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɫ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɚ -R=4,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɛ - R=6,8 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ; ɜ- R=10,0 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ.
80
Â.Ì. Àæàæà, Â.ß. Ñâåðäëîâ, À.À. Êîíäðàòîâ ...
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 781, 2007
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ
1.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ
ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ
ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ
ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɦ
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (GT, R) ɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋ. Ƚɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ GT ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ GT ɢ R ɷɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
2.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɩɭɤɥɚɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
3.
ȼ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɩɥɚɜɟ ɀɋ32-ȼɂ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ R=1,2…2,6 ɦɦ/ɦɢɧ. ɉɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ R
ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚ.
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
1.
Ɋ.ȿ. ɒɚɥɢɧ, ɂ.Ʌ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜ, ȿ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɱɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ. - Ɇ.:
Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, 1997. - 336ɫ.
2.
Ƚ.ɇ. ɉɚɧɤɢɧ, ȼ.ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.Ɉ. ȿɫɢɧ ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ // ȼɵɫɨɤɨɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. - 1995. - ʋ1. - ɋ.82-88.
3.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. - Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1980. - Ɍ.3: Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. - 408ɫ.
4.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɥɢɜɨɤ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ: Ⱦɟɤɥ. ɩɚɬ. ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ
49616Ⱥ, 7B22D27/04 /ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱥɠɚɠɚ, Ⱦ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɥɵɯɢɧ, Ƚ.ɉ. Ʉɨɜɬɭɧ ɢ ɞɪ. (ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ) - ʋ2002010135: Ɂɚɹɜɥ. 03.01.02; Ɉɩɭɛɥ.
16.09.02. Ȼɸɥ. ʋ 9 – 4 ɫ.
5.
Ɇ. Ɏɥɟɦɢɧɝɫ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ. - Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 1973. – 423ɫ.
6.
ɇ.Ʉ. Ɂɚɫɢɦɱɭɤ Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ, ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ // Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. – 2001. - Ɍ.23, ʋ3. - ɋ.293323.
INFLUENCE OF SOLIDIFICATION CONDITIONS ON MACROSCOPIC CRYSTALLIZATION FRONT
AND STRUCTURAL PERFECTION OF NI-ALLOYS SINGLE CRYSTALS.
V.M. Azhazha1), V.J. Sverdlov1), A.A. Kondratov1), A.V. Boguslajev2), V.V. Klochikhin2),
1)
“Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” National Science Center,
Akademicheskaya str.1, 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine,
E-mail: sverdlov@kipt.kharkov.ua
2)
PJSC “Motor-Sich”, 8th of March str.15, Zaporozhye 69068, Ukraine
The influence of solidification conditions (temperature gradient and direct solidification velocity) as well as alloyed elements
concentration on macroscopic growth front of Ni-alloys NV-4 and ZS32-VI single crystals has been investigated. Experimentally
obtained optimal parameters of growing single crystals with perfect structure correspond to a sharp form of macroscopic
solidification front with a top in the form of separately growing dendrite cell. The relationship between the morphology of a cell
structure and the form of macroscopic growth front of a single crystal, which are formed in the process of energy crystallization
dissipation is analyzed.
KEY WORDS: Ni-alloys single crystal, macroscopic crystallization front, structural perfection, cell structure, self-organization.
Скачать