ƥnjǒ ǏǒLJ njǣ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ

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2, 2007
Åñòåñòâåííûå íàó êè
ƥnjǒ Ǐ ǒ LJ njǣ
ɍȾɄ 581.331
Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ɇȿȻɂɒ, ȿ. Ƚ.ɋɂɆɈɇəɇ
ɋɊȺȼɇɂɌ ȿɅɖɇɈȿ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȽȿɇȿɊȺɌ ɂȼɇɈɃ ɋɎȿɊɕ
ɇȿɄɈɌ ɈɊɕɏ ɋɌ ȺɊɈȾȺȼɇɂɏ ɋɈɊɌ Ɉȼ ȼɂɇɈȽɊȺȾȺ ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ
ȺɊɆȿɇɂɂ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɦɚɤɪɨɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ.
ȼɜɟ ɞɟ ɧɢɟ . ɉɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ [1, 2]. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɪɬɨɜ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɵɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɝɨɞ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɭɬɨɧɨɜ, ɪɚɫɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜ
ɢ ɡɚɜɹɡɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɢ ɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ 40–80% ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɜɟɬɢɢ, ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɨɡɞɟɣ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ
ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɵɩɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɭ
ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ, ɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɣɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɞɨ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɹɣɰɟɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɹɞɟɪ ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɧɢ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ
ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɨɦ, ɹɞɪɚ, ɚ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɧɭɰɟɥɥɭɫ [3]. Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ, ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɵɯ ɦɟɲɤɨɜ,
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɹ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ [4–6].
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɠɟɧ-
153
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.
Ɇɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɦɟ ɬɨɞɵ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɬɨɷɦɛɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɢɟ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ Vitis
vinifera L.: Ⱥɪɚɤɫɟɧɢ, Ʉɚɯɟɬ, Ⱥɪɚɪɚɬɢ, ɋɚɩɟɪɚɜɢ, ɋɟɜ ɋɚɬɟɧɢ, ȼɨɫɤɟɚɬ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɚɦɩɟɥɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ «ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɩɥɨɞɨɜɢɧɨɞɟɥɢɹ» Ɇɋɏ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ. Ȼɭɬɨɧɵ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɰɢɬɨɷɦɛɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɚ – ɮɢɤɫɚɠɚ ɋ.Ƚ. ɇɚɜɚɲɢɧɚ, ɫ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬ ɫ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ (1:3) [7]. Ɉɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɦɚɬɨɤɫɢɥɢɧɚ ɩɨ Ƚɟɣɞɟɧɝɚɣɧɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɰɢɬɨɷɦɛɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ
ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ: 1) ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ (ɞɨ ɨɩɵɥɟɧɢɹ),
2) ɫ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦ ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɨɦ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ
(ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ) ɢ 3) ɫ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦ, ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɫ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɨɦ
(ɛɟɡ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚ). Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚ ɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɨɬ 40 ɞɨ 105
ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɞɨ ɨɩɵɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬ 70 ɞɨ 300 – ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɋ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ
ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ: ɞɥɹ ɤɚ ɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɩɨ 10000 ɩɵɥɶɰɟɜɵɯ ɡɟɪɟɧ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ
ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ [8].
Ɋɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟ ɧɢɟ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɤɢ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɢɞɚ V. vinifera
L. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɋɟɦɹɩɨɱɤɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɬɨɷɦɛɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɭɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɤɫɚɥɚɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɤɫɚɠɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɪɟɞ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ. ɋɟɦɹɩɨɱɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɯ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ
ɦɟɲɤɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ, ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɠɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɨɧɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɦɨɪɳɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɬɟɪɹɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɵɦɢ [9].
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ. Ɂɪɟɥɵɣ
ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɵɣ ɦɟ ɲɨɤ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɤɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɦɨɧɨɫɩɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨ Polygonum-ɬɢɩɭ. Ɂɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɵɣ ɦɟ ɲɨɤ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ
ɢɡ ɹɣɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, 3-ɯ ɚɧɬɢɩɨɞ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪ. əɣɰɟɜɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɭ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɢɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɞ ɫ ɤɪɸɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɪɨɫɬɚɦɢ ɜ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɫ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɹɞɪɚɦɢ – ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɢ ɢɡ ɹɣɰɟɤɥɟɬɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ
ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ – Ʉɚɯɟɬ, Ⱥɪɚɤɫɟɧɢ ɢ ɋɚɩɟɪɚɜɢ – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ~ 50–53%. ɍ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ – ɋɟɜ ɋɚɬɟɧɢ ɢ Ⱥɪɚɪɚɬɢ – ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɛɵɥ ɜɵɲɟ (~60–63%). ɍ ɫɨɪɬɚ ȼɨɫɤɟɚɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ (~100%), ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɡɚɜɹɡɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɹɬɚɹ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɤɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ
154
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɫ ɹɞɪɚɦɢ ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ ɫɨɪɬ
Ʉɚɯɟɬ (~54%). ɍ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ⱥɪɚɪɚɬɢ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɹɣɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɢ
ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɨɦ ɧɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ. ɍ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 4–14%. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɭ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɣɰɟɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɧɢ [10]. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɭ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɚ, ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɚ ɭ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ
ɋɨɪɬ
Ʉɚɯɟɬ
Ⱥɪɚɤɫɟɧɢ
ɋɚɩɟɪɚɜɢ
ɋɟɜ ɋɚɬɟɧɢ
Ⱥɪɚɪɚɬɢ
ȼɨɫɤɟɚɬ
ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ
ɦɟɲɤɚ, %
50,0±0,50
52,68±0,50
52,78±0,50
60,83±0,44
62,82±0,48
~100
ɋɟɦɹɩɨɱɤɢ
ɫ ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɨɦ ɢ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲ. ɦɟɲɤɚ, %
54,39±0,50
5,06±0,22
9,55±0,29
4,10±0,20
0
13,45±0,34
ɫ ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɨɦ,
ɛɟɡ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚ %
21,05±0,41
16,46±0,37
27,27±0,45
22,95±0,42
27,01±0,44
28,28±0,45
ɋɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɵɥɶɰɵ, %
19,83±0,40
23,41±0,42
0,46±0,07
52,93±0,50
0,24±0,05
3,78±0,19
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢ ɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɭ ɢ ɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɧɞɨɫɩɟɪɦɚ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ. Ɂɪɟɥɚɹ
ɩɵɥɶɰɚ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɞɜɭɯɴɹɞɟɪɧɚɹ, ɜ ɧɟɣ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢ
ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. Ɇɢɤɪɨɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ,
ɱɬɨ ɭ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ȼɨɫɤɟɚɬ, ɋɚɩɟɪɚɜɢ ɢ Ⱥɪɚɪɚɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɮɟɪɬɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɵɥɶɰɚ: ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ~ 0,24–4,0%. ɋɚɦɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɋɟɜ ɋɚɬɟɧɢ (~52,93%). ɍ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ
Ʉɚɯɟɬ ɢ Ⱥɪɚɤɫɟɧɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɥɶɰɟɜɵɯ ɡɟɪɟɧ
(~19,83 ɢ 23,41% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ). ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɢɯ
ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɬɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɪɬɚ ȼɨɫɤɟɚɬ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɟɤ ɫ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɟɦɹɩɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ
ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɟɧɨɬɢɩɨɦ ɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ
ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ: ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ⱥɪɚɪɚɬɢ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ – ɞɥɹ ɋɟɜ ɋɚɬɟɧɢ.
Ɍ ɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɚɦɟɬɨɮɢɬɧɵɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɵɥɶɰ ɵ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɫɬ-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɧɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɜ.
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɰɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɨ 14.03.2007
155
Ʌ ɂ Ɍȿ Ɋ ȺɌ ɍɊ Ⱥ
1. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ Ʉ.ȼ ., Ɇɚɥ ɬɚɛɚɪ Ʌ.Ɇ., Ɋɚɞɠɚɛɨɜ Ⱥ.Ʉ., Ɇɚɬɭɡɨɤ ɇ.ȼ . ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ. Ɇ.:
ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆɋɏȺ, 1998, ɫ. 131–159.
2. Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɹɧ ɋ.Ɇ., Ɇɟɥ ɹɧ Ƚ.Ƚ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ. ȼɬɨɪɨɟ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ: ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɱɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ, əɥɬɚ, 2004, ɫ. 19–23.
3. ɋɢɦɨɧɹɧ ȿ.Ƚ., Ⱦɠɢɝɚɪɞɠɹɧ ɗ.Ɇ. – ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ȿȽɍ, 1986, ʋ 1, ɫ. 119–123.
4. Constantin M.S. Plant gentic systems with potential for the detection of atmospheric mutagens.
In: Genotoxic Effect Airborne systems with potential for the detection of atmospheric mutagens.
Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 1984, p. 159–177.
5. Ʉɭɪɢɧɧɵɣ Ⱥ.ɂ. – ɐɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɚ, 1983, ɬ. 17, ʋ 4, ɫ. 32–35.
6. ɒɚɦɪɨɜ ɂ.ɂ. Ⱥɛɟɪɪɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɹɡɚɱɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ: ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. ȼ ɤɧ.: ɗɦɛɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. Ɍ. 3. ɋɉɛ.:
Ɇɢɪ ɢ ɫɟɦɶɹ, 2000, ɫ. 272–279.
7. ɋɢɦɨɧɹɧ ȿ.Ƚ., ɋɚɦɜɟɥɹɧ Ƚ.ȿ. – ɂɡɜ. Ⱥɇ Ⱥɪɦ. ɋɋɊ, 1965, ʋ 9, ɫ. 12–22.
8. ɉɥ ɨɯɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ɇ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ. Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆȽɍ, 1978.
9. ɋɢɦɨɧɹɧ ȿ.Ƚ., ɋɚɦɜɟɥɹɧ Ƚ.ȿ. – Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ,1970, ʋ 10, ɫ. 48–54.
10. ɏɚɱɚɬɪɹɧ Ɍ.Ʌ. Ɉ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɹɧɰɟɜ: Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱ. ɫɬ. ɤɚɧɞ. ɛɢɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ. ȿɪ., 1975.
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ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ Ï»Ýë³ÇݹÇϳóÇáÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
A. A. NEBISH, E. G. SIMONYAN
COMPARAT IVE INVEST IGAT ION OF REPRODUCT IVE SPHERE OF
SOME OLD VINE SORT S IN CONDITIONS OF ARMENIA
Su m m a r y
Comparative analysis of female and male gametophyte of some old sorts of
vines is presented. It is shown that the macrogametophyte is comparatively stable
and is characterized with middle level of normal ovules development with elements
of embryo sac. Analysis of microgametophyte showed its wide variability and as a
result more preferable the application of this system in biomonitoring.
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