Ненько Н.И., Киселева Г.К., Талаш А.И., Сундырева М.А

ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿɌɊɍȾɕɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼɌɨɦ
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿ ɌɊɍȾɕ ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ Ɍɨɦ
216
ɍȾɄ 57.014 : 632.95
ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɈ-ȻɂɈɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɎə ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȼɅɂəɇɂə ɗɅɂɋɂɌɈɊɈȼ
ɇȺ ɍɋɌɈɃɑɂȼɈɋɌɖ ȼɂɇɈȽɊȺȾȺ Ʉ ɄɈɊɇȿȼɈɃ ɎɈɊɆȿ ɎɂɅɅɈɄɋȿɊɕ*
ɇɟɧɶɤɨ ɇ.ɂ., ɞ-ɪ ɫ.-ɯ. ɧɚɭɤ, Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ Ƚ.Ʉ., ɤɚɧɞ. ɛɢɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ,
Ɍɚɥɚɲ Ⱥ.ɂ., ɤɚɧɞ.ɫ.-ɯ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɋɭɧɞɵɪɟɜɚ Ɇ.Ⱥ., ɤɚɧɞ. ɫ.-ɯ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɋɯɚɥɹɯɨ Ɍ.ȼ.
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɣ
ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɚɞɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ»
(Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ)
Ɋɟɮɟɪɚɬ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ (ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ, ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ) ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɧɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ ɤ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɨɣ, ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɬ ɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞ, ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɚ, ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɵ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
Summary. The physiological and biochemical indexes and parameters of action of abiogenic
elisitors (furolane, methionine and their composition) on the stability of the own root grapes plants of
ȼianka to the root form of phylloxera are determined. It is revealed, that the studied preparations increase
in the stability of plants to the defeat by phylloxera, hinder their access to source of food. It allows you to
increase in productivity of grapes plantings.
Key words: grapes, phylloxera, elisitors, resistance, productivity
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɏɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɢ
ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɢɞɚ Vitis Vinifera ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ [1]. Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɚ V. vinifera ɧɟ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɟ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɝɟɧɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɝɧɢɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ. ɇɚ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɬɚɯ ɢ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɚɯ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ (ɤɨɪɧɟɜɚɹ, ɥɢɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɥɥɨɜɚɹ, ɧɢɦɮɚ, ɤɪɵɥɚɬɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɚɹ). Ʉɨɪɧɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɥɨɡɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ
ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ, ɥɢɫɬɶɹ ɠɟ ɦɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɟɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɥɥɨɜ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɟ ɜɪɟɞɹɬ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɭ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɢɜɤɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɥɨɡɵ Ɋɢɩɚɪɢɚ ɯ Ɋɭɩɟɫɬɪɢɫ 101-14, Ʉɨɛɟɪ 5ȻȻ, Ɋɢɩɚɪɢɚ Ƚɥɭɚɪ
ɢ ɞɪ., ɤɨɪɧɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɝɧɢɟɧɢɹ. Ƚɢɛɪɢɞɵ, ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ, ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɤ
ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɜɤɭɫ, ɪɚɡɦɵɬɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɹɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ [1].
ɉɚɬɨɝɟɧɵ (ɛɢɨɬɪɨɮɵ) ɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ
ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɞɚ V. vinifera, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ. Ɉɞɢɧ
ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ – ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ (ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ (ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ) – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ [2]. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɷɮ*
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɨ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɦ ʋ 13-04-96590 ɊɎɎɂ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿɌɊɍȾɕɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼɌɨɦ
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿ ɌɊɍȾɕ ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ Ɍɨɦ
217
ɮɟɤɬɚ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ
ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ.
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦ ɢ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɞɚ V. vinifera ɤɚɤ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɨɣ.
Ʉ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɚ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɫ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɨɦ [3]. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
ɮɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɢɥɟɧ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɢɬɨɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɦɢ [4].
ɐɟɥɶ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧɚ, ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɞɚ Vitis Vinifera ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼ 2013-2014 ɝɝ. ɧɚ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɢɤɟ ɁȺɈ «ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɨɟ» (ɩɨɫ. ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɢɣ Ɍɟɦɪɸɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ) ɤɨɪɧɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ, ɩɨɫɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ, ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɟɥɹɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɭɫɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ – ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɲɬɚɦɛɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɪɞɨɧ [5].
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ 6 ɢɸɧɹ, 3 ɢɸɥɹ, 30 ɢɸɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɵɫɤɢɜɚɬɟɥɹ CHAMPION PS
257. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ – 1000 ɥ/ɝɚ. Ɏɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɭɧɝɢɰɢɞɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ. Ɂɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ, ɷɬɚɥɨɧ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ – ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɪɟɬɪɨɢɞɨɦ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ Ʉɗ ɮɢɪɦɵ BASF ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 360 ɝ/ɝɚ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɵɬɚ: 1 – Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, 2 – ɮɚɫɬɚɤ, Ʉɗ – 0, 36 ɥ/ɝɚ - ɷɬɚɥɨɧ, 3 – ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ, 10 ɝ/ɝɚ,
4 – ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ 10 ɝ/ɝɚ, 5 – ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ 10 ɝ/ɝɚ + ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ 10 ɝ/ɝɚ (1:1). ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɤɪɚɬɧɚɹ, ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ 5 ɤɭɫɬɨɜ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɤɭɫɬɨɜ 4,0 ɯ
2,5 ɦ. ȼ 2014 ɝɨɞɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɝɥɢɰɢɧɚ, ɩɪɨɥɢɧɚ, ɚɛɫɰɢɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ
ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɪɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ Ʉɚɩɟɥɶ
105 Ɇ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ – ɜɟɫɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ [6-10].
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɧɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɛɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ 0-45 ɫɦ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɢɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɥɭɱɲɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ.
ȼ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦɦ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚ 26,3-61,3 ɫɦ/ɤɭɫɬ. ɋɚɦɵɟ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ, ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɨɪɧɢ ɜ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɫ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɨɦ. ɉɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɟɲɤɨɜ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2 ɫɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɫ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧɨɦ.
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿ ɌɊɍȾɕ ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ Ɍɨɦ
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿɌɊɍȾɕɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼɌɨɦ
218
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ, ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ 1 ɫɦ
ɤɨɪɧɹ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦɦ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ – 0,95 ɲɬ./ɫɦ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ
ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ, ɁȺɈ «ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɨɟ», 2013 ɝ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɩɵɬɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
Ɏɚɫɬɚɤ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ
Ɇɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ + ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ >
1 ɦɦ / ɤɭɫɬ,
ɫɦ
66,7
80,3
128,0
123,0
93,0
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɤɨɪɧɹ,
ɦɦ
1,67
2,36
2,83
1,96
2,00
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɤɨɪɟɲɤɨɜ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ
2 ɫɦ / ɫɦ ɤɨɪɧɹ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ >1 ɦɦ
0,12
0,18
0,14
0,18
0,17
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ + Ɇɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ 1:1
Ɇɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ
Ɏɚɫɬɚɤ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɲɬ./ɫɦ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɤɨɪɧɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ
ȼ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ, ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɜ 3,5 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡ, ɚ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ, ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ + ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ – 9,5 ɪɚɡ.
Ⱥɧɚɬɨɦɨ-ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɢɧɨɤ
ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɜ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɭ ɤɨɪɧɹ (ɪɢɫ.2).
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɨ-ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɪɟɡɟ ɤɨɪɧɹ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɨɜ, ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,
ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɰɟɥɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɨɬɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ.
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɨɜ, ɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɹ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɵ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɚɥɥɚɯ ɩɨ
4-ɛɚɥɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɟ:
0 – ɧɟɬ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɨɜ
1 – 25 % ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɚɦɢ;
2 – 50 % ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɚɦɢ;
3 – 75 % ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɚɦɢ;
4 – 100 % ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɚɦɢ.
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿ ɌɊɍȾɕ ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ Ɍɨɦ
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿɌɊɍȾɕɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼɌɨɦ
Ʌɢɱɢɧɤɢ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɜ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɟ ɤɨɪɧɹ
219
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɨɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɇɢɤɪɨɮɨɬɨ ɥɢɱɢɧɨɤ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɜ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɟ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɥɭɛɟɧɶɤɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɨɩɵɬɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɟɧ ɜ 4 ɛɚɥɥɚ. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ
ɢ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ 2 ɛɚɥɥɚ; ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ, ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ + ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ – ɜ 0 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɪɧɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ ɢ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɚ Vitis Vinifera ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ
ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ, ɯɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɢ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ) (ɬɚɛɥ. 2).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ –
ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ – ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ. ȼ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ, ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ
ɢ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ ɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ – ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɫ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧɚ ɫ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɢ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ
ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ, 2013-2014 ɝɝ.
ɏɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɦɝ/ɝ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ
Ʌɢɝɧɢɧ, %
ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ
2013
2014
2013
2014
2013
2014
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
0,13
0,19
52,6
17,4
2,06
13,7
Ɏɚɫɬɚɤ
0,16
0,26
19,2
19,3
2,81
14,2
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ
0,22
0,41
2,7
11,4
14,91
23,4
Ɇɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
0,23
0,28
36,5
2,6
18,91
24,0
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ + ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
0,22
0,28
1,0
17,7
16,5
21,9
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿ ɌɊɍȾɕ ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ Ɍɨɦ
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿɌɊɍȾɕɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼɌɨɦ
220
Ȼɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɯɥɨɪɨɝɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɢ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɨɣ. ɗɬɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɧɚ 100 ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 ɦɦ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ –
15 ɢ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ. ȼ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɜ 1,9-3 ɪɚɡɚ.
Ɇɟɬɚɛɨɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɤ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɝɥɢɰɢɧɚ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ GRP-ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɥɢɧɚ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ PRPɛɟɥɤɨɜ, – ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3 – ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɥɢɧɚ, ɝɥɢɰɢɧɚ, ɚɛɫɰɢɡɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ ɋɚ2+ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ
(2013-2014 ɝɝ.)
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
68,9-82,7
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɝɥɢɰɢɧɚ,
ɦɝ/ɤɝ
5,6-2,9
Ɏɚɫɬɚɤ
52,0-87,8
12,1-8,2
0,8-4,2
0,33-0,94
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ
128,4-149,2
21,6-2
1,4-2,5
0,26-1,14
Ɇɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
132,3-119,1
6,7-0,5
2,9-3,0
0,45-0,85
99,9-91,2
17,4-1,3
2,7-3,6
0,36-0,92
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɥɢɧɚ, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ+ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɛɫɰɢɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
1,4-1,6
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɋɚ2+, ɦɝ/ɤɝ
0,28-0,97
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ȻȺȼ, ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜ ɰɢɬɨɡɨɥɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɚ2+ ɢ ɚɛɫɰɢɡɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ȺȻɄ), ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. ɗɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɢ
ȺȻɄ ɜ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ
(Alternaria – ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ 0 % ɢ Ⱦɪɨɠɠɢ – 5 %, Penicilium – 5 %) ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧ ɢ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ.
Ⱥɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ (ɬɚɛɥ. 4, 5).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4 – ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ (ɁȺɈ «ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɨɟ», 2013-2014 ɝɝ.)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
Ɏɚɫɬɚɤ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ
Ɇɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ + ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɩɨɛɟɝɚ, ɫɦ2
1740,1-2094,1
1406,4-1970,8
2090,5-3567,2
21499-2632,2
2323,7-2848,2
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɝɪɨɡɞɟɣ,
ɲɬ./ɩɨɛɟɝ
1,8-1,9
1,7-1,9
1,9-2,0
1,9-2,1
1,8-2,2
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ,
ɫɦ2/ɝɪɨɡɞɶ
966,7-1102,1
1037,3-1097,9
1149,2-1877,5
1121,5-1385,4
1085,2-1582,2
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿ ɌɊɍȾɕ ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ Ɍɨɦ
ɇȺɍɑɇɕȿɌɊɍȾɕɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼɌɨɦ
221
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5 – ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ
ɫɨɪɬɚ Ȼɢɚɧɤɚ (ɁȺɈ «ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɨɟ», 2013-2014 ɝɝ.)
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
Ɏɚɫɬɚɤ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ
Ɇɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ+ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ
Ɇɚɫɫɚ
ɝɪɨɡɞɢ, ɝ
ɍɪɨɠɚɣ ɫ
ɤɭɫɬɚ, ɤɝ
51-103
52-138
62-135
55-138
56-141
2,06-3,48
2,62-3,82
2,50-4,22
2,62-3,86
2,69-3,92
ɋɚɯɚɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɤɚ ɹɝɨɞ,
ɝ/100ɫɦ3
21,1-22,0
17,3-24,1
21,5-22,3
21,9-22,5
20,2-20,3
Ɍɢɬɪɭɟɦɚɹ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɤɚ, ɝ/ɞɦ3
8,3-9,6
7,3-8,4
7,5-8,0
8,7-9,6
9,2-9,3
Ɏɭɪɨɥɚɧ, ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɫ ɤɭɫɬɚ ɛɵɥ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧɨɦ ɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɮɭɪɨɥɚɧɚ ɫ ɦɟɬɢɨɧɢɧɨɦ (ɧɚ 410-900 ɝ/ɤɭɫɬɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ).
ɋɚɯɚɪɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 2,01-2,97, ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ – 2,22,65 ɢ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ – 2,37-2,87.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ
ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɹɯ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɪɧɟɣ, ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɵ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɨɣ. ɗɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɨɣ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ. ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɵ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɭ ɮɚɫɬɚɤ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ɇɟɪɠɚɧɢɚɧ, Ⱥ.ɋ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ / Ⱥ.ɋ.Ɇɟɪɠɚɧɢɚɧ.– Ɇ.: Ʉɨɥɨɫ, 1967.– 464 ɫ.
2. Ɍɸɬɟɪɟɜ, ɋ.Ʌ. ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ / ɋ.Ʌ. Ɍɸɬɟɪɟɜ.– ɋɉɛ.: ȼɂɁɊ, 2002.– 328 ɫ.
3. Ʉɭɥɶɧɟɜɢɱ, ȼ.Ƚ. 2-Ɏɭɪɢɥ(ɚɪɢɥ)-1,3-ɞɢɨɤɫɚɰɢɤɥɚɧɵ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɫɬɟɪɟɨɯɢɦɢɹ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ /ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɭɥɶɧɟɜɢɱ, ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɚɥɚɲɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɍ.ɉ. Ʉɨɫɭɥɢɧɚ,
ɇ.ɂ. ɇɟɧɶɤɨ, ȼ.ɉ. ɋɦɨɥɹɤɨɜ // ɇɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɰɟɬɚɥɟɣ. – ɍɮɚ: Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ ɧɚɭɱ.-ɬɟɯɧ. ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ «Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜ» ɊɎ.– ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «Nova Science Publishers.
Inc.» (CɒȺ).– 2002.– ɋ. 7 – 26.
4. ɏɟɥɞɬ, Ƚ.ȼ. Ȼɢɨɯɢɦɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ / Ƚ.ȼ. ɏɟɥɞɬ.– Ɇ.: ȻɂɇɈɆ, 2011. –372 ɫ.
5. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɬɨɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. – Ɇ.: Ʉɨɥɨɫ.
1970. – ȼɵɩ. 5. – 159 ɫ.
6. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɚɞɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ. – Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ:
Ƚɇɍ ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ, 2010. – 300 ɫ.
7. ɇɟɧɶɤɨ, ɇ.ɂ. Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ /
ɇ.ɂ. ɇɟɧɶɤɨ, Ɍ.ɇ. Ⱦɨɪɨɲɟɧɤɨ, Ɍ.Ⱥ. Ƚɚɫɚɧɨɜɚ // ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɫɚɞɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ. – Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ: ɋɄɁɇɂɂɋɢȼ, 2012. –
ɋ. 189-198.
8. Nenko, N.I. The physiology – biochemical characteristics of Furolan effect on sustainability the
species Vitis vinifera to the phylloxera // N.I.Nenko. G.K. Kiseleva, A.I. Talash, M.A. Sundyreva // Journal of International Scientific Publication Agriculture & Food. – Vol. 2, 2014.- P. 417-423
9. Nenko, N.I. Efficacia della crescita regolatore on colture da frutto furolan e uva./ N.I. Nenko.,
E.A. Egorov, I.A. Ilyina, M.A. Sundyreva // Italian Science Review. 2014; 7(16). PP. 216-220.
10. ɇɟɧɶɤɨ, ɇ.ɂ. Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɢɫɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɞɚ Vitis Vinifera ɤ ɮɢɥɥɨɤɫɟɪɟ / ɇ.ɂ. ɇɟɧɶɤɨ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɂɥɶɢɧɚ, Ƚ.Ʉ.
Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ, ȼ.ɋ. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɋɭɧɞɵɪɟɜɚ, Ɍ.ȼ. ɋɯɚɥɹɯɨ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɍɚɥɚɲ, ə. ȼ. ɍɲɚɤɨɜɚ // ɇɚɭɤɚ Ʉɭɛɚɧɢ,
2014.– ʋ 2.– ɋ. 20-25.