RESEARCH and TECHNOLOGY – STEP into the FUTURE 2008, Vol. 3, No 1 Ɋȿɒȿɇɂȿ ɁȺȾȺɑɂ ɄȺɅȿɇȾȺɊɇɈȽɈ ɉɅȺɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ɇȿɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ (ɇȺ ɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ ɈɈɈ"EPPRONN") Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ɂɥɶɹɫɨɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɥ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, 1, Ɋɢɝɚ, LV-1019, Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ Ɍɟɥ. (+371)67460919. Ɏɚɤɫ: (+371)6790725. E-mail: 1andrew7@gmail.com Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (Scheduling), ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ (ɉɉ) ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɨɩɬɨɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ, ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ). ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ: 1) ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ, ɢ ɦɵ ɡɧɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ; 2) ɷɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ, ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɦ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ [1]. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɚɤ: x ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ m ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; x ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ s2 ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ: - ak – ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ); - bk – ɩɟɫɫɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ); - mk – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɚɹ. Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: IJk* = 1/6(ak + 4 mk + bk), ɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ık2 = [1/6 (bk – ak)]2. ɋɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ IJk* [2, 3, 4]. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ (ɉɉ). ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ, – «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ «ɋɩɚɣɞɟɪ»» [5], Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH [6], WinQSB [7]. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɷɬɨ: x ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ; x ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ; x ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ; x ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; x ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ (ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ) ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ [8]. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɉɉ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɉɉ («Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ «ɋɩɚɣɞɟɪ»», Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH), 14 RESEARCH and TECHNOLOGY – STEP into the FUTURE 2008, Vol. 3, No 1 ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɩɚɤɟɬ Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ: 1) ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɯɨɞ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; 2) ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; 3) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɟ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; 4) ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; 5) ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɣ ɪɢɬɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɯɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɯɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ. Dr.sc.ing. ɋ. ɏɨɥɹɜɢɧɨɣ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. http://www.cfin.ru/press/management/1998-6/11.shtml ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ. ɒ. Ʉɪɟɦɟɪɚ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɘɇɂɌɂ, 1997. 407 ɫ. Ɍɚɯɚ ɏ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. ȼ 2-ɯ ɤɧɢɝɚɯ. Ʉɧɢɝɚ 2. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: Ɇɢɪ, 1985. 496 ɫ. Ȼɚɪɤɚɥɨɜ ɉ. ɋ., Ȼɭɪɤɨɜɚ ɂ. ȼ., Ƚɥɚɝɨɥɟɜ Ⱥ. ȼ., Ʉɨɥɩɚɱɟɜ ȼ. ɇ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɂɉɍ ɊȺɇ, 2002. 65 ɫ. http://www.spiderproject.ru/ http://www.rillsoft.ru/ http://www.winqsb.com/ http://www.projectmanagement.ru/mup.asp?mupid=32 15