актуальные проблемы управления организационными

ISSN 1810-0201. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɌȽɍ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤ 2 (58), 2008
ȺɄɌɍȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɆɂ ɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɐɂəɆɂ
ȿ.ɋ. ɋɭɪɨɜɰɟɜɚ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ.
ɋ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɨɞɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢ ɋɒȺ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɧɟɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ «ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ». ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ
(ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
Ɇɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ [1, 4–9] ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ:
௅ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɤɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ?
௅ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ, ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ?
௅ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥ, ɢ ɤɚɤɨɜɵ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ?
௅ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ ɥɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ?
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɚɹ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɐɟɥɶ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
~
ɗ. Ɋɨɞɠɟɪɫ [1]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɂɞɟɹ
Ɇ. Ɇɟɫɤɨɧ [2]
Ɉɛɦɟɧ
Ɇɵɫɥɢ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
Ȼ. Ɇɢɥɶɧɟɪ [3]
R.
Farace,
P.
Monge [4]
Shockley-Zalabak
[5]
D. Infante [6]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
Ɉɛɦɟɧ
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
Ʌɸɞɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
J. Greenberg [7]
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
G. Kreps [8]
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɵ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɨɪɝɚ~
ɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
~
~
Ʌɸɞɢ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ
~
~
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
125
Ƚɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ
ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɪɚɡɪɨɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ.
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ. ȼɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ,
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɸ,
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɱɟɬɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɤ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ: ɟɫɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ, ɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ - ɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɰɟɥɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 2).
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ
ɤ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ – ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɦɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɷɬɚɩɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɷɬɚɩɚɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ Ⱦɟɦɢɧɝɚ [10]
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ
ɜɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɝɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɬɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ
ʋ
ɩ/ɩ
1
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
1.1
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ
1.2
Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
2
126
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ-
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɫ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɥɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɥɚɧ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɝɨɞ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ
ISSN 1810-0201. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɌȽɍ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤ 2 (58), 2008
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ
ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɬɨ ɜ
ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ
ɷɬɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, «ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ»,
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ,
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɞɟɣɫɬ-
ɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɹɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Ɋɨɞɠɟɪɫ ɗ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ.
Ɇ., 1980.
Ɇɟɫɤɨɧ Ɇ., Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɬ Ɇ., ɏɟɞɨɭɪɢ Ɏ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ
ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɇ., 2000.
Ɇɢɥɶɧɟɪ Ȼ.Ɂ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɇ., 1998.
Farace R., Monge P., Russell H. Communicating
and organizing. Addison-Wesley, 1977.
Shockley-Zalabak Ⱥ. Fundamentals of organizational communication: knowledge, sensitivity,
skills, values. N. Y., 1999.
Infante D.A., Rancer A.S., Womack D.F. Building communication theory. N. Y., 1997.
Greenberg J. Behavior in Organizations. Undestanding and managing the Human Side of Work.
L., 1995.
Kreps G. Organizational communication: Theory
and practice. N. Y., 1990.
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Ƚɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ
Ʉɜɟɪɤ Ȼ. ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ. Ɇ.,
2006.
10. Deming W.E. Out of Crisis. Cambridge, 1977.
9.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 20.12.2007 ɝ.
Surovtseva ȿ.S. Actual problems of the organizational communication’s management. The role of
organizational communications constantly increases. The
paper is focused on the actual problems of organizational
communications and oriented to strategic management of
organizational communications.
Kew words: communications management, estimation
of effectiveness, strategy of communications development.
ɂɇɇɈȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɕɆ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈɆ
ȼ ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂɂ ȼɕɋɒȿȽɈ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə
ȿ.ɂ. Ȼɚɛɟɧɤɨ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ: ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɭɡɚ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɟɤɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɧɚ
ɷɬɭ ɬɟɦɭ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɲɟɜɢɡɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɹ
ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɦɢ ɤ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɸ «ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ», ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ.
ȼɵɫɲɟɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ,
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ
ɨɛɳɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ
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ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ
ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɭɡɤɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ,
ɧɟ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɧɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɜɭɡɨɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ,
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɭɡɚ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ
ɜɵɫɲɟɦɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ
ɫɜɨɸ ɧɢɲɭ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ