Артериальное кровоснабжение печени в аспекте ее

ÄççÄãõ ïàêìêÉàóÖëäéâ ÉÖèÄíéãéÉàà, 2001, ÚÓÏ 6, ‹ 2, Ò. 47–53
Ô˜Â̸
ÄÚÂˇθÌÓ ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌË Ô˜ÂÌË
‚ ‡ÒÔÂÍڠ Ú‡ÌÒÔ·ÌÚ‡ˆËË
Ç. Ä. ÉÛÎfl‚,
ë. Ä. ÑÛ·ËÌËÌ,
é. à. Ä̉ÂȈ‚‡,
Ä. é. óÛ„ÛÌÓ‚,
ä. ç. ãÛˆ˚Í,
å. ë. çÓ‚ÛÁ·ÂÍÓ‚,
ë. Ç. ÜÛ‡‚Âθ,
ä. ê. Ñʇ„‡Â‚,
Ä. Ç. óʇÓ
èӂ‰ÂÌ ‡Ì‡ÎËÁ ÂÁÛθڇÚÓ‚ 156 ÚÓÔÓ„‡ÙӇ̇ÚÓÏ˘ÂÒÍËı ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ. èÓ͇Á‡ÌÓ, ˜ÚÓ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌË Ô˜ÂÌË ÓÚ΢‡ÂÚÒfl ‚‡ˇ·ÂθÌÓÒÚ¸˛. çÓχθ̇fl ‡Ì‡ÚÓÏËfl ‡ÚÂËÈ Ô˜ÂÌË ·˚· ‚˚fl‚ÎÂ̇ ‚ 64.1% ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ, ‡ÚËÔ˘ÌÓÂ
ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌË Ô‡‚ÓÈ ‰ÓÎË Ô˜ÂÌË – ‚ 9.6%, ΂ÓÈ ‰ÓÎË – ‚ 12.2%, Ó·ÂËı ‰ÓÎÂÈ Ô˜ÂÌË – ‚ 11.5% ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ. Ç 5.1% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚ Ó·˘‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl ·‡Î‡ Ò‚ÓÂ
̇˜‡ÎÓ ÓÚ ‚ÂıÌ·˚ʘÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË. è‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂ̇ ۉӷ̇fl Ò Ô‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ÚÓ˜ÍË
ÁÂÌËfl Í·ÒÒËÙË͇ˆËfl ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ‡Ì‡ÚÓÏËË ‡ÚÂËÈ Ô˜ÂÌË, ÓÔËÒ‡Ì˚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌÌ˚ ‡‚ÚÓ‡ÏË ‚ ˝ÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚÂ Ë ÔË ÚÓÔÓ„‡ÙӇ̇ÚÓÏ˘ÂÒÍËı ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËflı ÒÔÓÒÓ·˚ ÂÍÓÌÒÚÛ͈ËË ‡ÚÂËÈ ‰ÓÌÓÒÍÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌË.
çàà ÒÍÓÓÈ ÔÓÏÓ˘Ë
ËÏ. ç.Ç. ëÍÎËÙÓÒÓ‚ÒÍÓ„Ó,
(ÑËÂÍÚÓ – ÔÓÙ. Ä.ë. ÖÏÓÎÓ‚) åÓÒÍ‚‡
Arterial Blood Supply of the Liver and Possibilities
of Vascular Reconstruction in It’s Transplantation
V. A. Gulyaev,
S. A. Dubinin,
O. I. Andreitseva,
A. O. Chugunov,
K. N. Lutsyk,
M. S. Novruzbekov,
S. V. Zhuravel’,
K. R. Jagraev,
A. V. Tszhao
Authors analysed results of 156 anatomic dissections. Variability of the liver arterial blood
supply is shown. The normal hepatic arterial anatomy was notices in 64% of cases. Abnormal
arterial supply of the right lobe was discovered in 9.6%, of the left lobe – in 12.2% and of both
lobes – in 11.5%. In 5.1% of cases common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery. Practical and convenient classification of the hepatic artery variants and most
widespread methods of the donor liver arterial reconstruction are suggested.
Sklifosovsky Moscow Institute of
Emergency Medicine (Director –
Prof. A.S. Ermolov)
‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚ̇fl (ÜÑÄ) Ë Ô‡‚‡fl ÊÂÎۉӘ̇fl
‡ÚÂËË (èÜÄ). ëèÄ ÔÓıÓ‰ËÚ ‚ ΂ÓÏ Í‡Â „ÂÔ‡ÚÓ‰ÛÓ‰Â̇θÌÓÈ Ò‚flÁÍË Ò΂‡ ÓÚ Ó·˘Â„Ó ÊÂΘÌÓ„Ó ÔÓÚÓ͇ Ë ÍÔÂÂ‰Ë ÓÚ ‚ÓÓÚÌÓÈ ‚ÂÌ˚. ç‡
ÛÓ‚Ì ‚ÓÓÚ Ô˜ÂÌË Ó̇ ‰ÂÎËÚÒfl ̇ Ô‡‚Û˛ Ë ÎÂ‚Û˛ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ ‡ÚÂËË. èË ˝ÚÓÏ Ô‡‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl (èèÄ) ˉÂÚ ÔÓÁ‡‰Ë Ó·˘Â„Ó Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓ„Ó ÔÓÚÓ͇, ‡ ‚ ÚÂÛ„ÓθÌËÍ ä‡ÎÓ ÓÚ ÌÂÂ
ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÔÛÁ˚̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl. êÂÊ èèÄ Ë‰ÂÚ ÍÔÂÂ‰Ë ÓÚ ÊÂΘÌÓ„Ó ÔÓÚÓ͇. Ç 20% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚ ÓÚ ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË ËÎË Ô‡‚ÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ Ò‰Ìflfl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl Í IV Ò„ÏÂÌÚÛ Ô˜ÂÌË. Ç 4% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚ éèÄ
ÏÓÊÂÚ ·‡Ú¸ ̇˜‡ÎÓ ÓÚ ‚ÂıÌ·˚ʘÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË (ÇÅÄ), ‚ 20% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚ ËÏÂÂÚÒfl ΂‡fl ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl (ãÑèÄ), ÓÚıÓ‰fl˘‡fl
ÓÚ Î‚ÓÈ ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË (ãÜÄ), ‚ 10% –
èèÄ, ÓÚıÓ‰fl˘‡fl ÓÚ ÇÅÄ [1, 4–7, 14]. ÅËÙÛ͇ˆËfl
ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË ‚ ‚ÓÓÚ‡ı Ô˜ÂÌË ‚ÒÚ˜‡ÂÚÒfl ‚ 80% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚, ÌËÁÍÓ ‰ÂÎÂÌË – ‚
Ç Ú˜ÂÌË ÔÓÒΉÌËı 36 ÎÂÚ Ú‡ÌÒÔ·ÌÚ‡ˆËfl
Ô˜ÂÌË ‚˚¯Î‡ ËÁ ÒÚ‡‰ËË ˝ÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚ‡ Ë Ì‡¯Î‡
Ò‚Ó ÏÂÒÚÓ Í‡Í ˆÂÎÂÒÓÓ·‡ÁÌ˚È Ë ˝ÙÙÂÍÚË‚Ì˚È
ÏÂÚÓ‰ ΘÂÌËfl ˆÂÎÓÈ „ÛÔÔ˚ ‰ËÙÙÛÁÌ˚ı Ë Ó˜‡„Ó‚˚ı Á‡·Ó΂‡ÌËÈ Ô˜ÂÌË.
䂇ÎËÙˈËÓ‚‡ÌÌÓ ‚˚ÔÓÎÌÂÌË „ÂÔ‡Ú˝ÍÚÓÏËË Û ‰ÓÌÓ‡ Ë ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ Ò‡Ï‡ ÓÔÂ‡ˆËfl ÔÂÂÒ‡‰ÍË Ô˜ÂÌË ‚ ‡‚ÌÓÈ ÒÚÂÔÂÌË Ë„‡˛Ú ‚‡ÊÌÛ˛
Óθ ‚ ·Î‡„ÓÔÓÎÛ˜ÌÓÏ ËÒıӉ ÓÔÂ‡ˆËË. íÂıÌË͇
ÓÔÂ‡ˆËÈ Í‡Í Û ‰ÓÌÓ‡, Ú‡Í Ë Û ˆËÔËÂÌÚ‡ ıÓÓ¯Ó ‡Á‡·Óڇ̇ Ë Òڇ̉‡ÚËÁËÓ‚‡Ì‡ [3, 8, 16, 21,
22, 24].
LJÊÌ˚Ï ˝Ú‡ÔÓÏ ÛÔÓÏflÌÛÚ˚ı ‚˚¯Â ‚ϯ‡ÚÂθÒÚ‚ fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌË ÚËÔ‡ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË, ÍÓÚÓ˚È ‚Ó ÏÌÓ„ÓÏ
ÓÔ‰ÂÎflÂÚ ÏÂÚÓ‰ËÍÛ Ôӂ‰ÂÌËfl ˝ÚËı ÓÔÂ‡ˆËÈ.
é·˚˜ÌÓ Ó·˘‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl (éèÄ) ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó· [13]. è˜Â̸ Ò̇·Ê‡ÂÚÒfl
ÍÓ‚¸˛ ËÁ ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË
(ëèÄ), ÍÓÚÓ‡fl Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊÂÌËÂ
éèÄ ÔÓÒΠÚÓ„Ó, Í‡Í ÓÚ Ì ÓÚıÓ‰flÚ ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ47
Ô˜Â̸
ÄêíÖêàÄãúçéÖ äêéÇéëçÄÅÜÖçàÖ èÖóÖçà
퇷Îˈ‡ 1. LJˇÌÚ˚ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË
LJˇÌÚ˚ ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl ‡ÚÂËÈ Í Ô˜ÂÌË
çÓχθ̇fl ‡Ì‡ÚÓÏËfl
ÑÓ·‡‚Ó˜Ì˚ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ ‡ÚÂËË
ÄÌÓχÎËfl Ó·˘ÂÈ
Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË Ë
‰Ó·‡‚Ó˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ
ÄÌÓχÎËË ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl
ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚ı ‰Ó΂˚ı
Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ
èÓ˜ËÂ
ÇÒ„Ó
óËÒÎÓ Ì‡·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ óë
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ óë, ‡ èÑèÄ – ÓÚ ÇÅÄ
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ óë Ë ãÑèÄ – ÓÚ ãÜÄ
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ óë, ãÑèÄ – ÓÚ ãÜÄ, èÑèÄ – ÓÚ ÇÅÄ
éèÄ Ë ãÑèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰flÚ ÓÚ óë
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ãÑèÄ – ÓÚ óë
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ãÑèÄ – ÓÚ ãÜÄ
éèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ÍÓÚÓ‡fl ҇χ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ óë
èèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ãèÄ – ÓÚ óë
èèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ãèÄ – ÓÚ ãÜÄ
èèÄ Ë ãèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰flÚ ÓÚ óë
ãèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ãÜÄ, èèÄ – ÓÚ óë
ãÑèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ãÜÄ, ÍÓÚÓ‡fl ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ‡ÓÚ˚ ‚˚¯Â óë
100
8
14
2
1
3
3
1
1
7
6
5
4
1
156
èËϘ‡ÌËÂ: Á‰ÂÒ¸ Ë ‚ Ú‡·Î. 2 – éèÄ – Ó·˘‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, èèÄ – Ô‡‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, ãèÄ – ΂‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, èÑèÄ – Ô‡‚‡fl ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, ãÑèÄ – ΂‡fl ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, ÇÅÄ – ‚ÂıÌflfl ·˚ʘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, ãÜÄ – ΂‡fl ÊÂÎۉӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, óë – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ.
15%, ‚ 5% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚ èèÄ ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ Ó·˘ÂÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË [2, 15, 26].
çÓχθ̇fl ‡Ì‡ÚÓÏËfl ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË ‚ÒÚ˜‡ÂÚÒfl ‚ 65–70% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚.
ÑÂڇθÌ˚ ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËfl ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË
[2, 4–7, 9, 15] ҂ˉÂÚÂθÒÚ‚Û˛Ú, ˜ÚÓ ‡ÁÌÓÓ·‡ÁÌ˚Â Â„Ó ‚‡ˇÌÚ˚ ̇·Î˛‰‡˛ÚÒfl Û Í‡Ê‰Ó„Ó ÚÂÚ¸Â„Ó Ô‡ˆËÂÌÚ‡. ç‡ ËÒ.1 Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ÒıÂÏ˚ ̇˷ÓΠ˜‡ÒÚÓ ‚ÒÚ˜‡˛˘ËıÒfl ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ÒÚÓÂÌËfl
Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË [27].
á̇ÌË ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌ˚ı ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó
ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË Ë Ëı ËÌÚ‡ÓÔÂ‡ˆËÓÌ̇fl
ÓˆÂÌ͇ Í‡ÈÌ ‚‡ÊÌ˚, Ú‡Í Í‡Í ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎfl˛Ú Ô‰ÓÚ‚‡ÚËÚ¸ ÔÓ‚ÂʉÂÌË ‡ÚËÔ˘ÌÓ ‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚ı
ÒÓÒÛ‰Ó‚, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊ ̇ÏÂÚËÚ¸ ÔÎ‡Ì Ôӂ‰ÂÌËfl Ëı
‰ËÒÒÂ͈ËË [12, 16, 18–20, 22, 24, 25].
èË „ÂÔ‡Ú˝ÍÚÓÏËË Û ‰ÓÌÓ‡ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ ÒÓı‡ÌÂÌË ‚ÒÂı ‰Ó·‡‚Ó˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ, ‰‡Ê ҇ÏÓ„Ó Ï‡ÎÓ„Ó ‰Ë‡ÏÂÚ‡, Ú‡Í Í‡Í ÔÂ‚flÁ͇ Ó‰ÌÓÈ ËÁ ÌËı
ÏÓÊÂÚ ÔË‚ÂÒÚË Í ÌÂÍÓÁÛ ˜‡ÒÚË Ô˜ÂÌË ËÎË ‚˚Á‚‡Ú¸ ‚ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰Û˛˘ÂÏ Ë¯ÂÏ˘ÂÒÍÓ ÔÓ‚ÂʉÂÌËÂ
ÊÂΘÌ˚ı ÔÓÚÓÍÓ‚ [8, 11, 12, 14, 23, 28].
å‡ÚÂË‡Î Ë ÏÂÚÓ‰˚
èӂ‰ÂÌ ‡Ì‡ÎËÁ ÂÁÛθڇÚÓ‚ 156 ÚÓÔÓ„‡ÙӇ̇ÚÓÏ˘ÂÒÍËı ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ. ñÂθ˛ ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËfl ·˚ÎÓ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌË ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó
ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË ‚ ‡ÒÔÂÍڠ Ú‡ÌÒÔ·ÌÚ‡ˆËË, ‡Á‡·ÓÚ͇ Û‰Ó·ÌÓÈ ‰Îfl Ô‡ÍÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó
ÔËÏÂÌÂÌËfl Í·ÒÒËÙË͇ˆËË ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ‡ÚÂËÈ Ô˜ÂÌË.
48
êÂÁÛθڇÚ˚
çÓχθ̇fl ‡Ì‡ÚÓÏËfl Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ
·˚· ‚˚fl‚ÎÂ̇ ‚ 100 (64.1%) ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflı, ÔË
˝ÚÓÏ ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl fl‚Îfl·Ҹ
ÔÓ‰ÓÎÊÂÌËÂÏ éèÄ, ÓÚıÓ‰fl˘ÂÈ ÓÚ ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó
ÒÚ‚Ó· (óë).
Ç 8 (5.1%) ÒÎÛ˜‡flı ·˚ÎÓ ‚˚fl‚ÎÂÌÓ ÓÚıÓʉÂÌË éèÄ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ÔË ˝ÚÓÏ ‚ 3 ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflı Ó̇
·˚· ‰ËÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÌ˚Ï ËÒÚÓ˜ÌËÍÓÏ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó
ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË, ‡ óë Ó·ÂÒÔ˜˂‡Î ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓÈ ÍÓ‚¸˛ ÚÓθÍÓ ÒÂÎÂÁÂÌÍÛ Ë ÊÂÎÛ‰ÓÍ, ‚
4 ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflı ·˚ÎË ‚˚fl‚ÎÂÌ˚ ‰Ó·‡‚Ó˜Ì˚ ‡ÚÂËË, Ò̇·Ê‡‚¯Ë ÍÓ‚¸˛ ÎÂ‚Û˛ ‰Óβ Ô˜ÂÌË
(3 ÓÚıÓ‰ËÎË ÓÚ óë, 1 – ÓÚ ãÜÄ). Ç Ó‰ÌÓÏ Ì‡·Î˛‰ÂÌËË éèÄ fl‚Îfl·Ҹ ÔÂ‚ÓÈ ‚ÂÚ‚¸˛ ÇÅÄ, ÍÓÚÓ‡fl ‚ Ò‚Ó˛ Ó˜Â‰¸ ·‡Î‡ ̇˜‡ÎÓ ÓÚ óë.
èË ÌÓχθÌÓÈ ‡Ì‡ÚÓÏËË ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚ı Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl èèÄ, ÓÚıÓ‰fl˘‡fl ÓÚ
ÇÅÄ, ·˚· ‚˚fl‚ÎÂ̇ ‚ 8 (5.1%), ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl
ãèÄ – ‚ 15 (9.6%) ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflı (14 – ÓÚ ãÜÄ, 1 –
ÓÚ óë). Ç 2 (1.3%) ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflı ËÏÂÎËÒ¸ Ó·Â ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ ‡ÚÂËË (Ô‡‚‡fl – ÓÚ
ÇÅÄ, ΂‡fl – ÓÚ ãÜÄ).
ÄÚËÔ˘ÌÓ ÓÚıÓʉÂÌË ӷÂËı ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ Ô˜ÂÌË ·˚ÎÓ ÓÚϘÂÌÓ ‚ 22(14.1%) ÒÎÛ˜‡flı
(èèÄ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ãèÄ ÓÚ ãÜÄ – 6, èèÄ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ,
ãèÄ ÓÚ óë – 7, èèÄ Ë ãèÄ ÓÚ óë – 5, èèÄ ÓÚ
óë, ãèÄ ÓÚ ãÜÄ – 4).
Ç 1 (0.64%) ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ãèÄ ÓÚıӉ˷ ÓÚ ãÜÄ, ÍÓÚÓ‡fl ·‡Î‡ Ò‚Ó ̇˜‡ÎÓ ÌÂÔÓÒ‰ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ÓÚ ‡ÓÚ˚ ‚˚¯Â óë.
ÄççÄãõ ïàêìêÉàóÖëäéâ ÉÖèÄíéãéÉàà ÚÓÏ 6
‹2
2001
Ô˜Â̸
ÉìãüÖÇ Ë ‰.
12
12
9
8
8
10
9
2
1
2
10
7
4
5
3
5
3
1 (100)
2 (8)
3 (14)
2
1
10
4
6
5
9
5
5
8
9 (1)
9
10 (7)
12
8
4
6
3
3
8
5
11 (6)
2
1
5
4
10
7
6
3
6
3
2
1
4
8
8 (1)
2
9
1
4
9
3
5
7 (3)
2
2
6
6
3
6 (3)
9
7
4
10
7
5
5 (1)
10
8
4
7
5
6
3
3
8
4
10
7
1
10
8
1
9
9
1
8
2
12
12
2
9
6
4 (2)
2
12
7
3
11
6
11
6
9
4
4
6
8
1
10
7
10
7
7
3
8
1
4
5
5
6
2
9
9
8
1
2
12 (5)
2
9
1
8
4
10
7
5
3
6
6
1
4
5
3
13 (4)
14 (1)
êËÒ. 1. ëıÂχ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË. Ç ÒÍӷ͇ı ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó Ì‡·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ.
1 – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ; 2 – ΂‡fl ÊÂÎۉӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 3 – ÒÂÎÂÁÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 4 – ‚ÂıÌflfl ·˚ʘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl;
5 − Ó·˘‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 6 – ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 7 – ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl;
8 – Ô‡‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 9 – ΂‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 10 – Ô‡‚‡fl ÊÂÎۉӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 11 – Ô‡‚‡fl ‰Ó·‡‚Ә̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 12 – ΂‡fl ‰Ó·‡‚Ә̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl.
LJˇÌÚ˚ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË, ‚˚fl‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ ̇ÏË, Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ‚ Ú‡·Î. 1 Ë
̇ ËÒ. 1.
éÔ‰ÂÎÂÌÌ˚ ÚÛ‰ÌÓÒÚË ÔË ÔÂÔ‡Ó‚ÍÂ
ÒÚÛÍÚÛ „ÂÔ‡ÚÓ‰ÛÓ‰Â̇θÌÓÈ Ò‚flÁÍË ‚ÓÁÌË͇ÎË
Ì ÚÓθÍÓ ÔË ‡ÌÓχθÌÓÏ ‚ÂÚ‚ÎÂÌËË Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ, ÌÓ Ë ÔË ËÌ‚ÂÒËË ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÄççÄãõ ïàêìêÉàóÖëäéâ ÉÖèÄíéãéÉàà 4
ÚÓÏ 6
ÌÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ ÓÚÌÓÒËÚÂθÌÓ ‚ÓÓÚÌÓÈ ‚ÂÌ˚ [16].
å˚ ÓÚÏÂÚËÎË 3 (1.9%) Ú‡ÍËı ‚‡ˇÌÚ‡ (ËÒ. 2).
Ç ÔÂ‚ÓÏ Ô˜Â̸ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡Î‡ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÛ˛ ÍÓ‚¸
ÓÚ ÇÅÄ Ë óë. éÚıӉ˂¯‡fl ÓÚ ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó·
éèÄ Ó„Ë·‡Î‡ ‚ÓÓÚÌÛ˛ ‚ÂÌÛ Ë ‰ÂÎË·Ҹ ̇ ÜÑÄ
Ë ãèÄ, ÍÓÚÓ‡fl ÔÓıӉ˷ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ó·˘ËÏ ÊÂΘÌ˚Ï ÔÓÚÓÍÓÏ Ë èèÄ ÔÓÁ‡‰Ë ‚ÓÓÚÌÓÈ ‚ÂÌ˚. ÇÓ
‹2
2001
49
Ô˜Â̸
ÄêíÖêàÄãúçéÖ äêéÇéëçÄÅÜÖçàÖ èÖóÖçà
(a)
(·)
(‚)
1
1
1
3
3
3
4
4
4
2
2
2
êËÒ. 2. LJˇÌÚ˚ ‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl ‡ÚÂËÈ Ô˜ÂÌË ÔÓ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌ˲ Í ‚ÓÓÚÌÓÈ ‚ÂÌÂ.
1 – ‡ÓÚ‡; 2 – ‚ÓÓÚ̇fl ‚Â̇; 3 – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ; 4 – ‚ÂıÌflfl ·˚ʘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl.
‚ÚÓÓÏ ‚‡ˇÌÚ – éèÄ ÔÓıӉ˷ ÔÓÁ‡‰Ë ‚ÓÓÚÌÓÈ ‚ÂÌ˚ Ë Û Ô‡‚Ó„Ó Â Í‡fl ‰ÂÎË·Ҹ ̇ ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÛ˛ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÛ˛ ‡ÚÂ˲ Ë ÜÑÄ. Ç ÚÂÚ¸ÂÏ
‚‡ˇÌÚ éèÄ ‰ÂÎË·Ҹ Û ÏÂÒÚ‡  ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl
(a)
(·)
3
2
3
2
5
1
4
1
4
êËÒ. 3. LJˇÌÚ˚ ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ
‡ÚÂËË. á‰ÂÒ¸ Ë Ì‡ ËÒ. 4–6:
1 – Ó·˘‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 2 – Ô‡‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 3 – ΂‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 4 – ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 5 – ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌ̇fl
Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 6 – Ô‡‚‡fl ÊÂÎۉӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl;
7 – Ô‡‚‡fl ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-҇θÌËÍÓ‚‡fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 8 – ‚ÓÓÚ̇fl ‚Â̇; 9 – ΂‡fl ÊÂÎۉӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl; 10 – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ; 11 – ‚ÂıÌflfl ·˚ʘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl.
(a)
2
(·)
2
3
3
é·ÒÛʉÂÌËÂ
6
5
6
5
4
4
1
1
(‚)
2
(„)
2
3
3
5
5
6
4
1
4
1
6
êËÒ. 4. LJˇÌÚ˚ ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl Ô‡‚ÓÈ ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË.
50
ÓÚ óë ̇ èèÄ Ë ãÜÄ. èË ˝ÚÓÏ èèÄ ÔÓıӉ˷
ÔÓÁ‡‰Ë ‚ÓÓÚÌÓÈ ‚ÂÌ˚.
ëΉÛÂÚ ÔÓ‰˜ÂÍÌÛÚ¸, ˜ÚÓ ‚ 33% ÒÎÛ˜‡Â‚ ·˚ÎË
‚˚fl‚ÎÂÌ˚ ‰Ë‡Ù‡„χθÌ˚ ‡ÚÂËË, ÓÚıÓ‰fl˘ËÂ
ÓÚ óë, ˜ÚÓ Ú‡ÍÊ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ Û˜ËÚ˚‚‡Ú¸ ÔË „ÂÔ‡Ú˝ÍÚÓÏËË Û ‰ÓÌÓ‡. Ç 2 ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflı ·˚ÎË Ó·Ì‡ÛÊÂÌ˚ ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚ ‡ÚÂËË, ÓÚıÓ‰fl˘ËÂ
ÓÚ ‰Ë‡Ù‡„χθÌ˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ Í Ï‡ÎÓÈ ÍË‚ËÁÌÂ
ÊÂÎۉ͇.
èË ËÁÛ˜ÂÌËË ‚ÂÚ‚ÎÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË
̇ ÛÓ‚Ì Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚÌÓÈ Ò‚flÁÍË
‚˚fl‚ÎÂÌÓ ÌÂÒÍÓθÍÓ ‡Ì‡ÚÓÏ˘ÂÒÍËı ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚
‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ‡ÚÂËÈ, Ò̇·Ê‡˛˘Ëı ÍÓ‚¸˛ Ô˜Â̸,
ÊÂÎÛ‰ÓÍ Ë ÔÓ‰ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÛ˛ ÊÂÎÂÁÛ [10, 17].
Ç 13 (8.3%) ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflı ·˚ÎÓ ÓÚϘÂÌÓ ÌËÁÍÓ ‰ÂÎÂÌË éèÄ ÌÂÔÓÒ‰ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ Û „ÓÎÓ‚ÍË
ÔÓ‰ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓÈ ÊÂÎÂÁ˚ (ËÒ. 3‡, 3·). èË ˝ÚÓÏ
ëèÄ ·˚· ÎË·Ó Ó˜Â̸ ÍÓÓÚÍÓÈ, ÎË·Ó – ‚ 4 (2.6%)
̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ ÓÚÒÛÚÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Î‡ (ËÒ. 3·).
LJˇÌÚ˚ ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl Ô‡‚ÓÈ ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓÈ,
ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚÌÓÈ Ë Ô‡‚ÓÈ ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-҇θÌËÍÓ‚ÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌ˚ ̇
ËÒ. 4, 5 Ë 6.
êÂÁÛθڇÚ˚ ËÁÛ˜ÂÌËfl ı‡‡ÍÚÂ‡ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË, ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌÌ˚ ̇ÏË, ‚
ˆÂÎÓÏ ÒÓ‚Ô‡‰‡˛Ú Ò ‰‡ÌÌ˚ÏË ÎËÚÂ‡ÚÛ˚. ë ÚÓ˜ÍË
ÁÂÌËfl Ú‡ÌÒÔ·ÌÚ‡ˆËË Ô˜ÂÌË Û‰Ó·Ì˚Ï fl‚ÎflÂÚÒfl ‡ÒÔ‰ÂÎÂÌË ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË Ì‡ „ÛÔÔ˚, Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ ‚ Ú‡·Î. 2.
è‰ÎÓÊÂÌ̇fl ̇ÏË Í·ÒÒËÙË͇ˆËfl ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎflÂÚ
ÛÔÓfl‰Ó˜ËÚ¸ ‡ÁÌÓÓ·‡ÁÌ˚ ‚‡ˇÌÚ˚ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl, ˆÂÎÂ̇Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌÓ ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ ËÌÚ‡ÓÔÂ‡ˆËÓÌÌÛ˛ ‚ËÁ˲, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊ ̇ÏÂÚËÚ¸ ÚÓÚ ËÎË ËÌÓÈ ‚‡ˇÌÚ ÒÓÒÛ‰ËÒÚÓÈ ‰ËÒÒÂ͈ËË ÔË Ôӂ‰ÂÌËË ÓÔÂ‡ˆËË Û ‰ÓÌÓ‡.
é˜Â‚ˉÌÓ, ˜ÚÓ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚ¸ ‚ Ôӂ‰ÂÌËË
˝ÍÒÚ‡ÍÓÔÓ‡Î¸ÌÓÈ ÂÍÓÌÒÚÛ͈ËË ÒÓÒÛ‰Ó‚ ‰ÓÌÓÒÍÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌË ‚ÓÁÌË͇ÂÚ ÔË ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËË
ÄççÄãõ ïàêìêÉàóÖëäéâ ÉÖèÄíéãéÉàà ÚÓÏ 6
‹2
2001
Ô˜Â̸
ÉìãüÖÇ Ë ‰.
(a)
(·)
2
3
2
3
5
1
1
4
4
6
êËÒ. 5. LJˇÌÚ˚ ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË.
(a)
2
3
(·)
9
2
3
9
6
1
10
10
5
8
1
8
11
11
4
7
7
êËÒ. 6. LJˇÌÚ˚ ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl Ô‡‚ÓÈ ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ҇θÌËÍÓ‚ÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË.
ÚÓÈ ËÎË ËÌÓÈ ‰ÓÎË Ô˜ÂÌË ËÎË Ó·ÂËı ‰ÓÎÂÈ Ó‰ÌÓ‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓ ËÁ ‡Á΢Ì˚ı ÒÓÒÛ‰ËÒÚ˚ı ·‡ÒÒÂÈÌÓ‚,
ÍÓ„‰‡ ËϲÚÒfl ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì˚ ËÎË ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌ˚Â
Ô‡‚‡fl ËÎË Î‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ ‡ÚÂËË, ÓÚıÓ‰fl˘Ë ÎË·Ó ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ãÜÄ ËÎË (˜ÚÓ ·˚‚‡ÂÚ ÂÊÂ) ÓÚ
‰Û„Ëı ÓÚ‰ÂÎÓ‚ ‡ÓÚ˚ Ë Â ‚ÂÚ‚ÂÈ.
èË Ôӂ‰ÂÌËË ÚÓÔÓ„‡ÙӇ̇ÚÓÏ˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó
ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËfl, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊ ‚ ˝ÍÒÔÂËÏÂÌÚ ̇ ÒÓ·‡Í‡ı
̇ÏË ÓÚ‡·ÓÚ‡ÌÓ ÌÂÒÍÓθÍÓ ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ̇ÎÓÊÂÌËfl ‡ÚÂˇθÌ˚ı ‡Ì‡ÒÚÓÏÓÁÓ‚, ‚ ÚÓÏ ˜ËÒΠÔË
‡ÌÓχθÌÓÏ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓÏ ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËË Ô˜ÂÌË.
èË ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËË Ô˜ÂÌË ËÁ ‰‚Ûı ËÒÚÓ˜ÌËÍÓ‚ – óë Ë ÇÅÄ – ‚‡ˇÌÚ‡ÏË ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓÈ ÂÍÓÌÒÚÛ͈ËË ·˚ÎË:
1) ү˂‡ÌË ÔÎÓ˘‡‰ÍË ‡ÓÚ˚ ‚ ӷ·ÒÚË ÛÒÚËÈ
óë Ë ÇÅÄ (ËÒ. 7‡);
2) ү˂‡ÌË óë ÒÓ ÒÚ‚ÓÎÓÏ ÇÅÄ (ËÒ. 7·).
èË ÒÎÛ˜‡ÈÌÓÏ ÔÂÂÒ˜ÂÌËË èÑèÄ ÔÓÒΉÌflfl
·˚· ‡Ì‡ÒÚÓÏÓÁËÓ‚‡Ì‡ ÒÓ ÒÚ‚ÓÎÓÏ ëÄ (ËÒ. 7‚)
ËÎË ÜÑÄ (ËÒ. 7„).
èË Ï‡ÎÓÏ ‰Ë‡ÏÂÚ éèÄ ˆËÔËÂÌÚ‡ Ï˚ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÎË ÒÓÒÛ‰ËÒÚ˚È ÍÓ̉ÛËÚ, Ò ÔÓÏÓ˘¸˛ ÍÓÚÓÓ„Ó ‡Ì‡ÒÚÓÏÓÁËÓ‚‡ÎË ‰ÓÌÓÒÍÛ˛ éèÄ Ò ‡ÓÚÓÈ ˆËÔËÂÌÚ‡ ÌËÊ ÔӘ˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ (ËÒ. 8‡)
(a)
(·)
1
4
1
2
2
3
(‚)
(„)
6
6
5
5
2
4
2
3
1
3
7
1
8
4
êËÒ. 7. ëıÂχ ˝ÍÒÚ‡ÍÓÔÓ‡Î¸Ì˚ı ÂÍÓÌÒÚÛÍÚË‚Ì˚ı ÒÓÒÛ‰ËÒÚ˚ı ÓÔÂ‡ˆËÈ.
‡ – ү˂‡ÌË ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó· Ò ‚ÂıÌÂÈ ·˚ʘÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËÂÈ (Ò ÔÎÓ˘‡‰Í‡ÏË ‡ÓÚ˚): 1 – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ, 2 – ‚ÂıÌflfl ·˚ʘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl;
· – ү˂‡ÌË ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó· Ò ‚ÂıÌÂÈ ·˚ʘÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËÂÈ: 1 – Ô‡‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 2 – ‚ÂıÌflfl ·˚ʘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 3 – ‡ÚÂËfl ˆËÔËÂÌÚ‡, 4 – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ;
‚ – ү˂‡ÌË Ô‡‚ÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË ÓÚ ÇÅÄ Ò ÒÂÎÂÁÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËÂÈ: 1 – ÊÂΘÌ˚È ÔÛÁ˚¸, 2 – Ó·˘ËÈ ÊÂΘÌ˚È
ÔÓÚÓÍ, 3 – ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 4 – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ, 5 – ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 6 – Ô‡‚‡fl
Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 7 – Ô‡‚‡fl ‰Ó·‡‚Ә̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 8 – ÒÂÎÂÁÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl;
„ – ү˂‡ÌË ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθÌÓÈ Ô‡‚ÓÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË Ò ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËÂÈ: 1 – ÊÂΘÌ˚È
ÔÛÁ˚¸, 2 – Ó·˘ËÈ ÊÂΘÌ˚È ÔÓÚÓÍ, 3 – ÊÂÎÛ‰Ó˜ÌÓ-‰‚Â̇‰ˆ‡ÚËÔÂÒÚ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 4 – ˜‚Ì˚È ÒÚ‚ÓÎ, 5 – ÒÓ·ÒÚ‚ÂÌ̇fl
Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl, 6 – Ô‡‚‡fl ‰Ó·‡‚Ә̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl.
ÄççÄãõ ïàêìêÉàóÖëäéâ ÉÖèÄíéãéÉàà ÚÓÏ 6
‹2
2001
51
4*
Ô˜Â̸
ÄêíÖêàÄãúçéÖ äêéÇéëçÄÅÜÖçàÖ èÖóÖçà
(a)
(·)
(‚)
êËÒ. 8. LJˇÌÚ˚ ‡ÚÂˇÎËÁ‡ˆËË Ô˜ÂÌË.
‡ – ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡ÌË ÒÓÒÛ‰ËÒÚÓ„Ó ‡ÎÎÓÔÓÚÂÁ‡; · – ‚¯Ë‚‡ÌË ӷ˘ÂÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË ‚ ‡ÓÚÛ ‚˚¯Â ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó·; ‚ – Òڇ̉‡Ú̇fl ‡ÚÂËÎËÁ‡ˆËfl Ô˜ÂÌË.
ËÎË ‚¯Ë‚‡ÎË éèÄ ‚ ‡ÓÚÛ ˆËÔËÂÌÚ‡ ‚˚¯Â óë
(ËÒ. 8·).
í‡ÍËÏ Ó·‡ÁÓÏ, ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌË Ô˜ÂÌË ÓÚ΢‡ÂÚÒfl ‚‡ˇ·ÂθÌÓÒÚ¸˛. çÓχθÌÓ ‰ÂÎÂÌË ‡ÚÂËÈ, ÌÂÒÛ˘Ëı ÍÓ‚¸ Í Ô˜ÂÌË, ‚ÒÚ˜‡ÂÚÒfl ‚ 64.1% ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ, ‡ÌÓχθÌÓÂ
ÓÚıÓʉÂÌË èèÄ – ‚ 9.6%, ãèÄ – ‚ 12.2%, Ó·ÂËı
Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ı ‡ÚÂËÈ – ‚ 11.5% ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ.
Ç 5.1% ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËÈ éèÄ ·ÂÂÚ Ò‚Ó ̇˜‡ÎÓ ÓÚ
ÇÅÄ.
á̇ÌË ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎflÂÚ ˆÂÎÂ̇Ô‡‚ÎÂÌÌÓ ÔÓ‚Ó‰ËÚ¸ ËÌÚ‡ÓÔÂ‡ˆËÓÌÌÛ˛ ‚ËÁ˲, ËÁ·Âʇڸ ÔÓ‚ÂʉÂÌËfl ‡ÌÓχθÌÓ ‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌÌ˚ı ÒÓÒÛ‰Ó‚, ‡
퇷Îˈ‡ 2. ä·ÒÒËÙË͇ˆËfl ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ‡ÚÂˇθÌÓ„Ó ÍÓ‚ÓÒ̇·ÊÂÌËfl Ô˜ÂÌË*
LJˇÌÚ˚
äÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó (n)
ó‡ÒÚÓÚ‡(%)
100
64.1
8
5.1
è‡‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl ÓÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ
13
8.3
è‡‚‡fl ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl ÓÚ ÇÅÄ
10
6.4
ÇÒ„Ó
23
14.7
ょfl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl ÓÚ ãÜÄ
10
6.4
ょfl ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl ÓÚ ãÜÄ
18
11.5
4
2.6
32
20.5
è‡‚‡fl ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ΂‡fl ÓÚ ãÜÄ
6
3.8
è‡‚‡fl ÓÚ ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó·, ΂‡fl ÓÚ ãÜÄ
4
2.6
è‡‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl ÓÚ ÇÅÄ, ΂‡fl ÓÚ ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó·
7
4.5
è‡‚‡fl Ë Î‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜Ì˚ ‡ÚÂËË ÓÚıÓ‰flÚ ÓÚ ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó·
5
3.2
àϲÚÒfl ‰Ó·‡‚Ó˜Ì˚ Ô‡‚‡fl Ë Î‚‡fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl
2
1.3
24
15.4
çÓχ
ÄÌÓχÎËË ÓÚıÓʉÂÌËfl Ó·˘ÂÈ Ô˜ÂÌÓ˜ÌÓÈ ‡ÚÂËË
éÚıÓ‰ËÚ ÓÚ ÇÅÄ
ÄÌÓχÎËfl ‡ÚÂËÈ Ô‡‚ÓÈ ‰ÓÎË Ô˜ÂÌË
ÄÌÓχÎËË ‡ÚÂËÈ Î‚ÓÈ ‰ÓÎË Ô˜ÂÌË:
ょfl ‰ÓÔÓÎÌËÚÂθ̇fl Ô˜ÂÌӘ̇fl ‡ÚÂËfl ÓÚ ˜‚ÌÓ„Ó ÒÚ‚Ó·
ÇÒ„Ó
ÄÌÓχÎËË ‡ÚÂËÈ Ó·ÂËı ‰ÓÎÂÈ Ô˜ÂÌË:
ÇÒ„Ó
èӘˠ‚‡ˇÌÚ˚
1
0.64
* èËϘ‡ÌËÂ: èÓ‰Ò˜ÂÚ ‚‡ˇÌÚÓ‚ ÓÒÌÓ‚˚‚‡ÎÒfl ̇ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı Ô‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎÂÌÌ˚ı ‚ Ú‡·Î. 1 Ë ËÒ. 1, ‡Ò˜ÂÚ ˜‡ÒÚÓÚ˚ ‚ÂÎÒfl ÔÓ
ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌ˲ Í 156 ̇·Î˛‰ÂÌËflÏ.
52
ÄççÄãõ ïàêìêÉàóÖëäéâ ÉÖèÄíéãéÉàà ÚÓÏ 6
‹2
2001
Ô˜Â̸
ÉìãüÖÇ Ë ‰.
Ú‡ÍÊ ‚˚·‡Ú¸ ÓÔÚËχθÌ˚È ‚‡ˇÌÚ ÒÓÒÛ‰ËÒÚÓÈ
ÂÍÓÌÒÚÛ͈ËË ÔÂ‰ Ú‡ÌÒÔ·ÌÚ‡ˆËÂÈ Ô˜ÂÌË.
ëÔËÒÓÍ ÎËÚÂ‡ÚÛ˚
1. ÅÛÎ˚ÌËÌ Ç. à., ÉÎÛıÓ‚ Ä.Ä. êÂÁÂ͈Ëfl Ô˜ÂÌË. èËÏÂÌÂÌË ÌÓ‚˚ı ÚÂıÌÓÎÓ„ËÈ. ÇÓÓÌÂÊ, 1995. 94 Ò.
2. ÇÂÓÌÒÍËÈ É.à. Ä̇ÚÓÏÓ-ÙËÁËÓÎӄ˘ÂÒÍË ‡ÒÔÂÍÚ˚ ÂÁÂ͈ËË Ô˜ÂÌË. çÓ‚ÓÒË·ËÒÍ, 1983. 185 Ò.
3. ÉÓڸ ë.Ç. éÚÓÚÓÔ˘ÂÒ͇fl Ú‡ÌÒÔ·ÌÚ‡ˆËfl Ô˜ÂÌË ‚ ıËÛ„˘ÂÒÍÓÏ Î˜ÂÌËË Â ‰ËÙÙÛÁÌ˚ı Ë Ó˜‡„Ó‚˚ı Á‡·Ó΂‡ÌËÈ: ÑËÒ. … ‰-‡ ω. ̇ÛÍ. å.;
1995. 200 Ò.
4. щÂÂ û.å., ä˚ÎÓ‚‡ ç.è. ÄÚÎ‡Ò ÓÔÂ‡ˆËÈ Ì‡
Ô˜ÂÌË. å.: å‰ˈË̇, 1975. 200 Ò.
5. éÒÚÓ‚ÂıÓ‚ É.Ö., áÓÚÓÎÓÍËÌ Ç.Ñ. èË̈ËÔ˚
‡Ì‡ÚÓÏ˘ÂÒÍËı ‰Ó΂˚ı ÂÁÂ͈ËÈ Ô˜ÂÌË. å.: å‰ˈË̇, 1984. 144 Ò.
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298 Ò.
8. òÛχÍÓ‚ Ç.à. í‡ÌÒÔ·ÌÚÓÎÓ„Ëfl. å.: å‰ˈË̇,
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