Картографирование экологических рисков воздействия

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ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɘ.Ɇ. ɉɨɥɢɳɭɤ 1,2, Ɉ.ɋ. Ɍɨɤɚɪɟɜɚ 1,3
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ,
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2
ɘɝɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɇɂɂ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ,
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1
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ. Ʉɚɪɬɵ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚɯ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ, ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɮɚɤɟɥɚɯ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɨɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ [1-3] ɧɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ (ɉȾɄ, ɉȾȼ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɫ ɟɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɵɦ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɢɫɤɚ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ [4, 5]. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɞ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ: ɩɟɪɜɨɟ – ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ [5], ɜɬɨɪɨɟ –
ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ [2]:
269
ɍɚɬɦ=ȖıfM,
ɝɞɟ Ȗ – ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ, ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɭɛ./ɭɫɥ.ɬ ɢ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧ,
ı – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ (ɞɥɹ ɥɟɫɨɜ = 0,2-0,0025),
f – ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ,
M – ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ,
ɭɫɥ.ɬ/ɝɨɞ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɢ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ. ɉɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ: ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɦɵɣ, ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ, ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɦɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɪɢɫɤɚ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɞɨɥɹɯ ɉȾɄ (ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ), ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ [6]. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȽɈɋɌ 17.2.3.01-86 "Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ". ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɉȾɄ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ [6]. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɉȾɄc/ɝ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [6] ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɉȾɄɫ/ɫ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ:
ɉȾɄc/ɝ = ɚ ɉȾɄɫ/ɫ,,
(1)
ɝɞɟ a - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [6] ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 0,1 - 1
ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɮɚɤɟɥɚɯ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɫɚɠɚ, ɨɤɫɢɞ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɚɡɨɬɚ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ (1) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
270
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɮɚɤɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚɯ
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɋɚɠɚ
Ⱥɡɨɬɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ
ɍɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɨɤɫɢɞ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ «ɚ»
0,3
1
0,34
ɉȾɄɫ/ɫ, ɦɝ/ɦ3
0,05
0,04
3
ɉȾɄɫ/ɝ, ɦɝ/ɦ3
0,015
0,04
1,02
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ [6], ɟɫɥɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ Ɋ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ [6].
Ɂɨɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ Ɋ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ [6] ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 8. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ (1) ɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɉȾɄɫ/c ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɫɚɠɢ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ:
8*ɉȾɄɫ/ɝ = 8*(0,3* ɉȾɄɫ/c) = 2,4 ɉȾɄɫ/c,
ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 2,4 ɉȾɄɫ/c ɞɥɹ ɫɚɠɢ, ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ.
ɉɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [5], ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɦɢɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. Ɂɨɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɨɬ 2,4 ɉȾɄ ɞɨ 1 ɉȾɄ. Ɂɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɡɨɧɵ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɦɵɣ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ [3, 7], ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɱɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. Ɍɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɮɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ [7]: ɦɯɢ, ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɝɪɢɛɵ; ɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ; ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ; ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ [3], ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ [http://www.nii-atmosphere.ru/files/stKDiks.htm].
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ - 1; ɦɟɥɤɨɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ 0,75; ɯɜɨɣɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ - 0,5. ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɯɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ:
– ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɢɫɤɚ – ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1,2 ɉȾɄ;
– ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ – ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 1,2 ɞɨ 0,5 ɉȾɄ;
271
– ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɦɵɣ – ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,5 ɉȾɄ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ:
– ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɢɫɤɚ – ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1,8 ɉȾɄ;
– ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ – ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 1,8 ɞɨ 0,75 ɉȾɄ;
– ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɦɵɣ – ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,75 ɉȾɄ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ. Ʉɚɪɬɵ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚɯ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ArcGIS 9.2 ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ:
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɦɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ;
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɨɧ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɞɨɥɹɯ ɉȾɄ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ;
ɜɵɛɨɪ ɡɨɧɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɡɨɧ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɉɪɢɨɛɶɹ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɪɢɨɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ - ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɏɚɧɬɵ-Ɇɚɧɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ⱦɨɛɵɱɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɮɚɤɟɥɚɯ ɫɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɞɨ 2-3 ɦɥɪɞ. ɤɭɛ. ɦ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ.
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ (Ʉɋ) ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Landsat-7 (ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ 30 ɦ). ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Ʉɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ:
ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ (ɟɥɶ, ɩɢɯɬɚ, ɤɟɞɪ) ɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɚ, ɫɨɫɧɚ), ɦɟɥɤɨɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫ (ɛɟɪɟɡɚ, ɨɫɢɧɚ, ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɢ), ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ, ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɉɪɢɨɛɫɤɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɚɠɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɞɨɥɹɯ
ɉȾɄ).
272
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɪɢɨɛɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ.
Ɋɢɫɤɢ: 1 - ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ, 2 - ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ, 3 – ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɦɵɣ; 4 - ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɭɲɢ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, 5 ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɪɢɫɤ ɧɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɫɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɡɨɧ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɚ
ɉɪɢɨɛɫɤɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ
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Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ɉɨɥɢɳɭɤ ɘ.Ɇ., Ȼɟɪɟɡɢɧ Ⱥ.ȿ., Ⱦɸɤɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ƚ., Ɍɨɤɚɪɟɜɚ Ɉ.ɋ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ //
Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, 2001. ʋ 2. ɋ. 44-49.
Ƚɪɢɰɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ⱥɤɨɩɨɜɚ Ƚ.ɋ., Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɧɟɮɬɶ ɢ ɝɚɡ // Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1997. - 598 ɫ.
Ɂɚɤɚɪɢɧ ɗ.Ⱥ., Ɇɢɪɤɚɪɢɦɨɜɚ Ȼ.Ɇ., Ⱦɟɞɨɜɚ Ɍ.ȼ. Ƚɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɪɚɥɨ-Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚ // Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, 2007. 108 ɫ.
Ɇɟɧɶɲɢɤɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ // Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ɇɇɗɉɍ,
2001. 44 ɫ.
Ɉɫɢɩɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ // Ɍɨɦɫɤ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ɍɉɍ, 2005. 112 ɫ.
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɣ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɨɧ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ // Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɊɎ ɨɬ 30 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 1992 ɝ.
ȿɪɨɯɢɧ Ƚ.ɇ., Ʉɨɩɵɥɨɜ ȼ.ɇ., Ɍɨɤɚɪɟɜɚ Ɉ.ɋ., ɉɨɥɢɳɭɤ ɘ.Ɇ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ //
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ: ɂɡɞ-ɟ ȽɉɇɌȻ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ, 2003. 98 ɫ.
Mapping of ecological risk of oil production effect on growth with
space image
Yu.M. Polishuk 1,2, O.S. Tokareva 1,3
1
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry SB RAS
6340213 Ɍɨɦɫɤ, 4 Akademichesky ave.
E-mails: yuri@ipc.tsc.ru;
2
Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies
628011 Khanty-Mansiysk, 151 Mira str.
E-mails: yupol@uriit.ru;
3
Tomsk Polytechnic University
634050 Tomsk, 30 Lenin ave.
E-mails: ostokareva@mail.ru
Methodical problems of assessing and mapping ecological risks under oil production impact were carried out. Risk
assessment of air chemical pollution was completed accounting sensitiveness of different vegetation for air pollution. Spatial structure of vegetation cover was determined on base of space images of territory in impact zone of
torches for burning gas in oil fields. Risk maps of negative effect of air pollution has been created using mathematical modeling and data on air releases of chemical contaminants.
Keywords: vegetation cover, ecological risk, effect, air pollution, geoinformation system, space image, mapping.
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