СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ВОЛЕВОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ

Ɉ.ȼ. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ. ɋɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ: ɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ Ʌ.ɋ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ (ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ) ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ // ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ: ɜ 6 ɬ. Ɍ.4. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1984.
– 432 ɫ.
2. Ƚɨɭɥɦɚɧ Ⱦ., Ȼɨɹɰɢɫ Ɋ., Ɇɚɤɢ ɗ. ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ: ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ. – 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɥɶɩɢɧɚ Ȼɢɡɧɟɫ Ȼɭɤɫ, 2007. – 301ɫ.
3. ɀɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ Ⱥ.Ʌ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȿ.ȼ. ɒɨɪɨɯɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1987. – 219 ɫ.
4. Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɟɰ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ: ɜ 2 ɬ. Ɍ.1. ɉɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ,
1986. – 320ɫ.
5. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ: ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟ // Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜ-2009 (Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 9-10 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2009 ɝ.): ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɨɤɥ. XVI Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɧɚɭɱ. ɤɨɧɮ. ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ. ɋɟɤɰɢɹ «ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ». –
Ɇ.: ɆȺɄɋ ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2009. – ɋ.376-378.
6. Ʌɚɛɭɧɫɤɚɹ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ: ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ. – Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ ɧ/Ⱦ: Ɏɟɧɢɤɫ, 1999. – 608 ɫ.
7. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ. ɐɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ, ɤɚɧɚɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. – 2010. – ʋ 2. – ɋ.59.
8. Ʌɨɬɦɚɧ ɘ.Ɇ. Ɉ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ // ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ: ɜ 3 ɬ. – Ɍ1. – Ɍɚɥɥɢɧɧ: Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ, 1999. – ɋ.76
9. Ʌɶɸɢɫ Ɋ.Ⱦ. Ⱦɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɟ. Ɉɬ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ. – Ɇ.: Ⱦɟɥɨ, 1999. –
440 ɫ.
10. Ʌɸɫɢɧ Ⱦ.ȼ. ɇɨɜɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ: ɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ ɗɦɂɧ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2006. – ʋ 4. – ɋ.3-22.
11. Ʌɸɫɢɧ Ⱦ.ȼ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɟ // ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱦ.ȼ. ɍɲɚɤɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʌɸɫɢɧɚ. – Ɇ., 2000. – ɋ.29-39.
12. Ʌɸɫɢɧ Ⱦ.ȼ., Ɇɚɪɸɬɢɧɚ Ɉ.Ɉ., ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɋ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ: ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ // ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ: Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ /ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ.
Ⱦ.ȼ. Ʌɸɫɢɧɚ, Ⱦ.ȼ. ɍɲɚɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɊȺɇ, 2004. – ɋ.129-140.
13. Ɇɚɰɭɦɨɬɨ Ⱦ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɉɪɚɣɦ-ȿȼɊɈɁɇȺɄ; Ɇ.: Ɉɥɦɚ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2002. – ɋ. 17.
14. Ɇɭɯɢɧɚ ȼ. ɋ. ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ: ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɞɟɬɫɬɜɨ, ɨɬɪɨɱɟɫɬɜɨ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 1999.
15. Ɋɟɣɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ə. ɗɦɨɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. URL: http:
//www.flogiston.ru/library/reic2
16. Bar-On, R. The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI) [Text] // Psicothema. – 2006. – ʋ18. – P.13-25
17. Hofstede, G. Cultural Dimensions [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. URL: http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php
18. Salovey, P. Emotional Intelligence [Text] // Imagination, Cognition and Personality. –1990. – ʋ 9. – P. 185-211.
Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɚ Ⱥɥɢɧɚ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɧɚ – ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ (ɝ. ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ). E-mail:
kalinka34@mail.ru
Komarova Alina Igorevna – postgraduate student of Volgograd Academy of Public Administration (Volgograd). E-mail:
kalinka34@mail.ru
ɍȾɄ 628.3
Ɉ.ȼ. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ
ɋɌȺɇɈȼɅȿɇɂȿ ȼɈɅȿȼɈɃ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɅəɘɓȿɃ ɅɂɑɇɈɋɌɂ ɋɌɍȾȿɇɌȺ:
ɇɈɗɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɜ ɜɭɡɟ). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ,
ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ-ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ – ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɨɤ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ, ɜɨɥɹ, ɧɨɷɡɢɫ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
O.V. Volkova
FORMATION OF STUDENT’S PERSONALITY VOLITION:
NOETIC COMPONENT
The article describes age and personal peculiarities of teenagers getting professional education. One of them is the
decreasing of development level of personal will-power, it determines the list of problems in cognitive, labor and communicative activities of teenager. The noetical component is suggested to be a way for investigation teenagers’ willpower.
Keywords: age peculiarities, teenager, student, will-power, noesis, person, activity, higher educational institution,
personal will features.
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ȼȿɋɌɇɂɄ ȻɍɊəɌɋɄɈȽɈ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌȺ
5/2011
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɟ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɧɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ ɢ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɜɧɟɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ) ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɦ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɥɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ, ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɧɨɜɭɸ, «ɜɡɪɨɫɥɭɸ» ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ [1; 3; 9; 13;
17; 22; 26].
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ, ɩɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸ Ȼ.Ƚ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɧɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɦɚ. ȼɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ (ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ) ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ [2].
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ «ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ», ɂ.Ⱥ. Ɂɢɦɧɹɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɭ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ, ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ [13].
ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬ 18-20 ɥɟɬ í ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɟɣ
ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɜɫɟɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ 17-19 ɥɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ ɧɟ ɜ
ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ. ɇɟɪɟɞɤɢ ɧɟɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɤ, ɧɟɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɜ, ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ [6; 17; 22].
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɫɭɬɶ ɟɝɨ – ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɫɟɛɟ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ (ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ «ə»), ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ (ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ) ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ (ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ). Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ, ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ,
ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ. «ɑɟɫɬɶ», «ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ», «ɩɪɚɜɨ», «ɞɨɥɝ» ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɜɨɥɧɭɸɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɸɧɨɫɬɢ. ɘɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɢɫɤɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɜɨɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɢ ɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɢ, ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ – ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɭɦɚ ɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɸɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ, ɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɟɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ [17; 26].
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ ɜɨɥɹ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ. Ʌɸɞɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɞɟɚɥɨɦ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵ ɩɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɬɶ.
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɜɨɥɹ – ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɜ. ɉɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵ, ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɚɫɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɪɭɞ-
36
Ɉ.ȼ. ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ. ɋɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ: ɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɭɠɨɦɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɦ, ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɫɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɢ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ [17; 22; 26].
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɬɪɭɸ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ (ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɥɢ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ, ɢɥɢ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ), ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɟ. ɍ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ. ɋɥɨɜɨɦ, ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɢɦ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɱɚɳɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ, ɦɟɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ [14; 15; 18; 21].
Ɉɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɝɚ,
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɚ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɪɭɞɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɭɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɥɨɝ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ,
ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ [21].
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɨɥɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɯ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ
ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ: ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (Ⱥɛɭɥɶɯɚɧɨɜɚɋɥɚɜɫɤɚɹ, 1980; Ʉɨɧɨɩɤɢɧ, 1980; Ɂɟɣɝɚɪɧɢɤ, 1981 [1; 14; 18]; ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (ɂɜɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ, 1986; Ɇɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣ, 1989; ɒɚɪɨɜ, 1999; əɞɨɜ, 2000) [15; 21; 24; 25]; ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (Ȼɨɛɧɟɜɚ, 1986; əɤɨɛɫɨɧ, 1989) [4; 22].
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɢ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ.
ȼɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ (Ⱥɥɶɛɭɯɚɧɨɜɚ-ɋɥɚɜɫɤɚɹ, 1980; Ʉɨɧɨɩɤɢɧ, 1980; ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ, 1983) [1; 6; 18]; ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ, 1983; ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, 2001) [6; 24]; ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɰɟɥɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ, ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (Ʉɨɧɨɩɤɢɧ, 1980; ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ, 1982) [6; 18]; ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɜɨɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (ɗɥɶɤɨɧɢɧ, 1970; ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, 2000) [24; 27].
ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ (ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ – ɦɨɬɢɜɵ, ɫɦɵɫɥɵ, ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ)
(ɗɥɶɤɨɧɢɧ, 1966; ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ, 1982) [6; 27], ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ (ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ,
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ) (ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, 1999, 2000) [24], ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
(ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɜ) (Ⱥɛɭɥɶɯɚɧɨɜɚ-ɋɥɚɜɫɤɚɹ, 1980; Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɟɰ, 1986 [1; 12]. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɢɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ, ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ (ɗɥɶɤɨɧɢɧ, 1970; Ʉɨɧɨɩɤɢɧ, 1980; ɇɟɦɨɜ, 1995; ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, 1998) [18; 22;
24; 27]; ɫ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ, 1982; Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ, 1989; ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, 1999) [6; 23; 24].
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɩɫɢɯɨɫɨɰɢɨɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɦ
ɩɨɥɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ
(ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨɣ) ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ (ɩɫɢɯɢ-
37
ȼȿɋɌɇɂɄ ȻɍɊəɌɋɄɈȽɈ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌȺ
5/2011
ɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɣ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ – ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ) ɜ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɢɦɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ) (Ɂɚɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ, 1999) [10; 11]. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ
ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɨɷɡɢɫ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɬɤɚɡɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ, ɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ [16].
ɇɨɷɡɢɫ (ɧɨɷɫɢɫ) (ɝɪɟɱ. ȞȩȘıȚȢ – «ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ»; ɩɪɢɥ. «ɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ») – ɜ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɗ. Ƚɭɫɫɟɪɥɹ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ, ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ. ɇɨɷɡɢɫ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɝɢɥɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ – ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɛɨɥɶ, ɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ, ɳɟɤɨɬɚɧɢɟ, ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɸ
ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ɗɬɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɵ (ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ – ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ). ȼ ɧɨɷɡɢɫɟ ɝɢɥɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ «ɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ», ɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ. ɇɨɷɡɢɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ – ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ (hyletische Daten) ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(sinngebende Daten). ɇɨɷɦɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ [7].
ȼɨɥɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ,
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɥɹ
ɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ. Ʉɚɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ [7; 16].
ȼɵɲɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɚ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɜɨɥɢ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɨɜ;
ɰɟɥɟɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ; ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ – ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, ɦɵɫɥɢ;
ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ; ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɥɵ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɥɢ; ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ; ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ [4; 14; 15; 18; 21; 24; 25].
ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ «ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ – ɫɥɚɛɨɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ» ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ.
Ɉɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɥɚ, ɬɟɦɩ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ (ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ, ɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ [16; 22; 25].
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨɜɢɡɧɭ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɨɥɢ ɢ ɧɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ⱥɛɭɥɶɯɚɧɨɜɚ-ɋɥɚɜɫɤɚɹ Ʉ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. í Ɇ., 1980. í 336 ɫ.
2. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ Ȼ. Ƚ. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. í Ʌ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɅȽɍ, 1969. í 339 ɫ.
3. Ⱥɧɰɵɮɟɪɨɜɚ Ʌ.ɂ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɝɟɪɨɧɬɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. í ɂɉ ɊȺɇ, 2006. – 513 c.
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5. Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ Ʌ. ɂ. ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. í Ɇ.: Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɩɟɞ. ɚɤɚɞ.,
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6. ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ Ʌ.ɋ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ: ɜ 6 ɬ. Ɍ. 4. í Ɇ., 1984. í 432 ɫ.
7. Ƚɭɫɫɟɪɥɶ ɗ. ɂɞɟɹ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. í Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ƚɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2008. – 224 ɫ.
38
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɑɟɪɟɧɟɜɚ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɨɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ
9. Ⱦɜɨɪɹɲɢɧɚ Ɇ.Ⱦ., Ʉɟɥɚɫɶɟɜ ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ // ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ. í ɋɉɛ., 2000. í ʋ4. í Ɍ. 3. í ɋ. 30.
10. Ɂɚɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ.ȼ. Ʉ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ // ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. í 1999. í ʋ10. í ɋ.53 í 56.
11. Ɂɚɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ.ȼ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ // ɋɟɪ.: Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. í Ɇ.: ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɊȺɇ, 2007. í 336ɫ.
12. Ɂɚɩɨɪɨɠɟɰ Ⱥ. ȼ. ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ. í Ɍ.1.: ɉɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. í Ɇ., 1986. í 316 ɫ.
13. Ɂɢɦɧɹɹ ɂ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ. í Ɇ., 1999, 206 ɫ.
14. Ɂɟɣɝɚɪɧɢɤ Ȼ. ȼ. Ɉɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɍ. ɋɟɪ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ. í 1981.
í ʋ 2. í ɋ. 9-15.
15. ɂɜɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɨɥɢ: ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɥɢ. í Ɋɹɡɚɧɶ, 1991. í ɋ. 7-9.
16. Ʉɚɛɪɢɧ ȼ.ɂ. ɇɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ: ɧɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɜɟɱɧɨɟ // ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. í 2000. í ʋ 12. í ɋ. 57í65.
17. Ʉɨɧ ɂ.ɋ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɸɧɨɫɬɢ. í Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1989.
18. Ʉɨɧɨɩɤɢɧ Ɉ. Ⱥ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. í Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1980. í 255 ɫ.
19. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɦ (Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɂɧɚɤ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ). í Ɇ.: ɋɦɵɫɥ, 2001. í 380 ɫ.
20. Ɇɚɫɥɨɭ Ⱥ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɵɬɢɹ. í Ɇ.: Ɋɟɮɥ-ɛɭɤ, ȼɚɤɥɟɪ, 1997.
21. Ɇɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣ ɘ.Ⱥ. ɋɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ. í Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1991.
22. ɇɟɦɨɜ Ɋ.ɋ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ: ɜ 3 ɤɧɢɝɚɯ. í Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ; ȼɅȺȾɈɋ, 1995.
23. Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɋ. Ʌ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. í ɋɉɛ., 2001.í 705 ɫ.
24. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ ȿ.Ɉ., ɏɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜɚ ȼ.Ɇ. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. í 2001. í ʋ1. í ɋ.26-37.
25. ɒɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ.ɋ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ // Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ. í ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, 1995. í ɋ.224- 225.
26. ɒɟɮɮɟɪ Ⱦ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɢ: ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. í Ɇ., 2003. í 976 ɫ.
27. ɗɥɶɤɨɧɢɧ Ⱦ. Ȼ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɝɪɵ. í Ɇ.: Ɍɭɦɚɧɢɬ, ɢɡɞ. ɰɟɧɬɪ ȼɅȺȾɈɋ, 1999. í 360 ɫ.
ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ Ɉɥɟɫɹ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ í ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ. ɚɤ. Ɇ.Ɏ. Ɋɟɲɟɬɧɟɜɚ (ɝ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ). E-mail: olesyavl.volkova@mail.ru
Volkova Olesya Vladimirovna í candidate of psychology, associate professor of Business foreign language department, M.F.
Reshetnyov Siberian Aerospace University (Krasnoyarsk). E-mail: olesyavl.volkova@mail.ru
ɍȾɄ 159.943
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɑɟɪɟɧɟɜɚ
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆȺ ȼɈɅɂ ɂ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ ȼ ɉɋɂɏɈɅɈȽɂɂ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɜɨɥɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
E.A. Cherenyova
PROBLEM OF VOLITION AND SELF-REGULATION IN PSYCHOLOGY
The article presents a theoretical analysis of the problem of will formation and behavior self-regulation in psychology. The basic conceptual positions, directions of researches and formation of scientific concepts are shown.
Keywords: volition, self-regulation, behavior, activity, arbitrary behavior.
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɢɦɚɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɨɥɢ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɜɨɥɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɪɚɡɭɦɨɦ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɚɞɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ. ȼ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɥɢ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɗɬɨɣ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɢ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ (ɂɜɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., 1989; ɋɟɥɢɜɚɧɨɜ
ȼ.ɂ., 1974; Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɋ.Ʌ., 1946; əɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ɇ.Ƚ., 1976 ɢ ɞɪ.).
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (ɢ ɜɨɥɸ) ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
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