To Title To Ch.1 Top !" # $ µ = µ %&' #( # ) ) = − %*' ( + , - ( . $ /& 01 $ & 2 # !" - 3 ) - ( $ µ = − %0' + # - 3 ) " ( !" % &4' $ ( µ = ∆ + µ + − + + ∆ µ ∆ µ = %5' 6 + ∆ + $ 73 ) -$ ( %& & ' ∆ µ +--$ - φ = # !" - = ∫ − %4' ∆ + $ 73 ) 8 $ %0' %5' #( # ( $ # !" # ( #( + %+ $' $ # - 2 ( + &4 9) : !" - % ( # ( ' ; #$ - <=> 92 : %/51 &?' % ' !" #( # - + $ 73 @ ) - %0' $ ( - µ = − + %A' + − + − # +# +# 6 # > 2 $ - & # #( ( # ( B $ ( - ; + $ ) ) %*' , ( - ! , # !" = %?' C % ' !" -D !" ( 6 # ) ) %*' +# +# +# - = − = − %E' $ µ = − $ µ 6 + ( σ = ( #( ) ( !" 6 # - 2 0 + %E' 6 ( !" % &4 9) ρ :' - % ' C ∆ ∝ ∫ ρ !" 2 < ( ∫ = − ) %F' ; + !" %F' $ !" # 2 2 /& 51 6 $ + ) + + !" 2 + !" $ < + !" ( < !" /041 G"""; %G ' &E H I8 6 $ ( + &F?3 J& 4* H I8 < ( 6 &F?& F &&F4 H I8 < - 6 &F?0 && J5 ?43 K 6 . .. 2 2 <2 6 <IL > 9=: &FA4 MNONPNQ RS TUVW X YVOWNQ Y Z WN[ N\]V^_`W `a b^V^N a`Q VQO`W c`dNQ_WO ^SN aP]_e QNO_`W a`Q ^NfUNQV^]QNb aQ`f ^SN fNP^_WO P_WN ^` ?33 @ V^ UQNbb]QNb ]U ^` &333 ghV i hSjb RSNf XNa kV^V &FFF d *E J0 U ??F TUVW X lNff`W mY iVc`nbNW XM YVOWNQ YZ QNaNQNWcN \]VP_^j N\]V^_`W `a b^V^N a`Q W_^Q`ONW oW^ i MSNQf`USjb &FFE d &F J5 U &&*& TV]P Z YVOWNQ Y Z a]WeVfNW^VP N\]V^_`Wb a`Q [V^NQ c`dNQ_WO ^SN QVWON aQ`f ^SN fNP^_WO P_WN ^` &*?0 @ V^ UQNbb]QNb ]U ^` *4333 ghV i hSjb RSNf XNa kV^V &FEF d &E J5 U &40? To Title To Ch.1 Top