How to Describe a Pie Chart: a step-by-step Procedure Using this 5 steps process to plan and write IELTS pie chart essays will help you to achieve high marks in Task 1: 1) Analyse the question 2) Identify the main features 3) Write an introduction 4) Write an overview 5) Write the details paragraphs In this lesson, we’re going to work thorough each step as we answer a practice question and I want to start by highlighting the importance of steps 1 and 2. It is essential that you learn how to do this planning stage properly if you hope to write a high-scoring essay. Before we begin, here’s a model essay structure that you can use as a guideline for all IELTS Academic Task 1 questions. Ideally, your essay should have 4 paragraphs: Paragraph 1 – Introduction Paragraph 2 – Overview Paragraph 3 – 1st main feature Paragraph 4 – 2nd main feature We now have everything we need to begin planning and writing our IELTS pie chart essay. Here’s our practice question: The chart below shows the reasons why people travel to work by bicycle or by car. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Source: Official website IELTS Essentials Step 1 – Analyse the question The format of every Academic Task 1 question is the same. Here is our practice question again with the words that will be included in all questions highlighted . The chart below shows the reasons why people travel to work by bicycle or by car. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Every question consists of: Sentence 1 – A brief description of the graphic Sentence 2 – The instructions The graphic – chart, graph, table, etc. Sentence 2 tells you what you have to do. You must do 3 things: 1. Select the main features. 2. Write about the main features. 3. Compare the main features. All three tasks refer to the ‘main features’ of the graphic. You do not have to write about everything. Just pick out 2 or 3 key features and you’ll have plenty to write about. Step 2 – Identify the Main Features The graphic in IELTS pie chart questions should not be difficult to interpret. Each question has been created to test your language skills, not your mathematics ability. Pie charts always show percentages or proportions. Apart from that, they are essentially the same as bar charts and line graphs in that they are a way of presenting data visually. All you are looking for are the main features. These will usually be the easiest things to spot. There will be lots of information in the graphic to help you identify them. Here are some useful questions to ask? What are the units of measurements? What are the time periods? What can you learn from the title and any labels? What is the most obvious trend? Are there any notable similarities? Pie charts generally have titles and labels or sometimes a key instead of segment labels as in our practice question. The key explains what each segment of the pie chart represents. So, what information is contained in the two pie charts? Here's our IELTS pie chart again. They show two different methods of travelling to work and illustrate the reason why people choose these types of transport. What main features stand out? There are 2 main features in these IELTS pie charts: Main feature 1: The largest proportion of people who cycle do so for health and environmental reasons. Main feature 2: The highest percentage of people who drive do so because it’s comfortable. Another notable feature is that the only reason included in both pie charts – that the method is faster – shares almost the same proportion for both modes of transport. We may not have space to cover this final feature but we’ll note it just in case we need it to make up the words. The key features you select will be the starting point for your essay. You will then go on to add more detail. However, with just 20 minutes allowed for Task 1, and a requirement of only 150 words, you won't be able to include many details. We’re now ready to begin writing our essay. Here’s a reminder of the 4 part structure we’re going to use. Paragraph 1 – Introduction Paragraph 2 – Overview Paragraph 3 – 1st main feature Paragraph 4 – 2nd main feature Step 3 – Write an Introduction In the introduction, you should simply paraphrase the question, that is, say the same thing in a different way. You can do this by using synonyms and changing the sentence structure. For example: Question: The chart below shows the reasons why people travel to work by bicycle or by car. Introduction (Paragraph 1): The two pie charts display the key reasons why people choose to either cycle or drive to work by percentage. This is all you need to do for the introduction. Step 4 – Write an Overview (Paragraph 2) In the second paragraph, you should report the main features you can see in the pie charts, giving only general information. The detail comes later in the essay. You should also make any clear comparisons you spot. Here are the ones we picked out above. I’ve added the additional feature as it will fit well in the overview. Main feature 1: The largest proportion of people who cycle do so for health and environmental reasons. Main feature 2: The highest percentage of people who drive do so because it’s comfortable. Main feature 3: For an almost equal proportion of people, their chosen method is the fastest. Now form these ideas into two or three sentences with a total of around 40 words. State the information simply, using synonyms where possible. No elaborate vocabulary or grammar structures are required, just the appropriate words and correct verb tenses. For example: Overview (Paragraph 2): The largest proportion of people who cycle, have made this choice for health and environmental reasons whilst the prime advantage of driving to work is considered to be the comfort of travelling by car. Notably, for an almost equal proportion of people, their chosen method is the fastest. Step 5 – Write the 1st Detail Paragraph Paragraphs 3 and 4 of your IELTS pie chart essay are where you include more detailed information about the data in the graphic. In paragraph 3, you should give evidence to support your first key feature. Don’t forget to make comparisons where relevant. Here is our first main feature again: Main feature 1: The largest proportion of people who cycle do so for health and environmental reasons. And this is an example of what you could write: Paragraph 3: Taken together, health and fitness and less pollution are reasons given by over half of all people who prefer travelling by bike. Each represents a 30% portion which is double the next most popular reason which is a lack of parking issues at 15%. Step 6 – Write the 2nd Detail Paragraph For the fourth and final paragraph, you do the same thing for your second key feature. I’ve added the third main feature again as it will round off the essay well. In an exam situation, I would include it if I had time. Main feature 2: The highest percentage of people who drive do so because it’s comfortable. Main feature 3: For an almost equal proportion of people, their chosen method is the fastest. Here’s an example of what you could write: Paragraph 4: A different set of concerns has affected the decision of those who choose to commute by car. Comfort is by far the most significant factor at 40% of people, but distance to work is a more important concern for just over a fifth of drivers. For 14% of people, a faster journey time is the key factor compared to a figure of 12% of cyclists who find their means of transport quicker. I just want to say a quick word about verb tense in this sample essay. Since there is no time frame given in the question, you could use either the present simple tense or the past simple tense. I've used the present simple tense. Whichever tense you choose, remember to be consistent throughout your whole essay. Here are the four paragraphs brought together to create our finished essay. Finished IELTS Pie Chart Essay
