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Background
to the U.S.
Civil War
Daytiev A.
Kostiuchenko N.
• Slavery
• The North and the South had different views
on the institution of slavery.
• States' Rights
• Southern states believed in the right to
secede from the Union.
• Economic Differences
• The North was industrialized, while the South
relied heavily on agriculture, particularly
cotton.
Causes of the
Civil War
• Political Disagreements
• Differences in political ideologies and the
election of Abraham Lincoln as President
were key factors.
The Missouri
Compromise
• The Missouri Compromise was an
important legislative measure
passed in 1820 to address the
issue of slavery in new territories.
It established a boundary line that
prohibited slavery north of the line
and allowed it south of the line.
Provisions
Details
Missouri as a Slave State
Missouri would be admitted to
the Union as a slave state.
Maine as a Free State
Maine would be admitted to the
Union as a free state,
maintaining the balance between
free and slave states.
Slavery Prohibited in the
Louisiana Territory
Slavery would be prohibited in
the rest of the Louisiana Territory
north of the 36°30' parallel,
except for Missouri.
The
Compromise
of 1850
•
The Compromise of 1850 was a set of laws
passed to address the issue of slavery in
newly acquired territories from the MexicanAmerican War.
•
The Fugitive Slave Act was a provision of the
Compromise of 1850 that required the return
of escaped slaves to their owners, even in
free states.
•
The Compromise of 1850 also included the
admission of California as a free state, which
upset the balance of power between free and
slave states.
Provision
Description
Fugitive Slave Act
Required the return of
escaped slaves to their
owners, even in free
states.
Admission of California
as a free state
Upset the balance of
power between free and
slave states.
The Kansas-Nebraska
Act
• Impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Expansion of Slavery: The act allowed the possibility of slavery in
territories previously designated as free, leading to an expansion of
slavery into new areas.
• Bleeding Kansas: The act sparked violent conflicts between proslavery and anti-slavery factions in Kansas, known as Bleeding
Kansas, which foreshadowed the Civil War.
• Political Polarization: The act deepened the divide between the
North and the South, intensifying tensions over the issue of slavery
and contributing to the outbreak of the Civil War.
The Dred Scott
Decision
•
Implications of the Decision
•
Enslaved individuals were denied the rights of citizenship and considered
property.
•
The decision further entrenched the institution of slavery in the United States.
•
Controversies Surrounding the Decision
•
The decision was seen as a setback for the abolitionist movement and
sparked outrage among anti-slavery activists.
•
The ruling was highly divisive and contributed to the growing tensions
between the North and South in the lead-up to the Civil War.
John Brown's Raid on Harpers
Ferry
• John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry took place on October 16-18, 1859, in
Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia).
• Brown and a group of 21 men, including free African Americans and escaped
slaves, seized the federal armory and arsenal at Harpers Ferry with the intention of
starting a slave rebellion.
• The raid was quickly suppressed by local militia and U.S. Marines led by Colonel
Robert E. Lee. Brown and his surviving followers were captured and later
executed.
• The raid had a significant impact on the national conversation about slavery and
played a role in the lead-up to the American Civil War.
The Election of
Abraham Lincoln
• The election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 1860 was a major
factor leading to the secession of Southern states.
• Lincoln's victory in the election represented a threat to the
institution of slavery, which was deeply entrenched in the Southern
states.
• Southern states believed that Lincoln's presidency would lead to
the erosion of their rights and the expansion of federal power over
slavery.
• The election of Lincoln intensified the already existing tensions
between the North and the South, ultimately leading to the
outbreak of the Civil War.
Secession and the
Formation of the
Confederacy
•
Secession of Southern states was the final step that led to the outbreak of the U.S.
Civil War.
•
Southern states, primarily from the Deep South, seceded from the Union in
response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 1860.
•
Secession was driven by various factors including disagreements over states'
rights, slavery, and cultural differences between the North and South.
•
The seceding states formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson
Davis as its president, and adopted their own constitution.
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