Российская академия образования
Московский психологосоциальный институт
М.А. Богатырёва
Учебник
английского языка
для неязыковых гуманитарных
вузов
Начальный этап обучения
2-е издание, стереотипное
Рекомендовано Редакционноиздательским Советом
Российской академии образования
к использованию в качестве учебного пособия
Москва
Издательство «Флинта»
Московский психологосоциальный институт
2011
ÓÄÊ 811.111(075)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Англ-923
Б73
Серия «Библиотека студента»
Г л а в н ы й р е д а к т о р Д.И. Фельдштейн
Заместитель главного редактора
С.К. Бондырева
Ч л е н ы р е д а к ц и о н н о й к о л л е г и и:
А.Г. Асмолов, В.А. Болотов, В.П. Борисенков, А.А. Деркач,
А.И. Донцов, И.В. Дубровина, М.И. Кондаков, В.Г. Костомаров, Н.Н. Малофеев,
Н.Д. Никандров, В.А. Поляков,
В.В. Рубцов, Э.В. Сайко
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
д-р пед. наук, проф., Академик Международной
Академии Информации Э.А. Штульман
д-р пед. наук, проф. Н.Д. Гальскова
канд. пед. наук, проф. Л.П. Смирнова
Богатырёва М.А.
Учебник английского языка для неязыковых гуманитарных вузов. НачальБ73
ный этап обучения [электронный ресурс] / М.А. Богатырёва. – 2-е изд., сте
реотип. – М. : Флинта : МПСИ, 2011. — 640 с.
ISBN 978-5893497113 (Флинта)
ISBN 978-5895027585 (МПСИ)
Настоящий учебник, адресованный студентам гуманитарных факультетов неязы ко
вых вузов, состоит из Вводного и Базового курсов. Вводный курс направлен на освоение
студентами звукографической системы английского языка, необходимой для развития у
них начальных умений и навыков устной и письменной речи, чтения и аудирования. С
этой же целью в учебник включены дополнительные аудитивные материалы, которые
озвучиваются преподавателем в ходе урока. Одной из задач Базового курса является
формирование у обучаемых социокультурной компетенции, умение преодолевать сбои
в общении с носителями иных культур. Не случайно поэтому в основу Базового курса
положены аутентичные англоязычные источники, отражающие современное языковое
сознание носителей языка.
Обеспечивая выход в наиболее типичные ситуации межкультурного общения,
учебник может быть рекомендован не только студентам неязыковых гуманитарных
вузов. Книга доступна старшим лицеистам, слушателям курсов иностранных языков,
а так же всем тем, кто желает изучать английский язык самостоятельно.
ÓÄÊ 811.111(075)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Англ-923
ISBN 978-5893497113 (Флинта)
ISBN 978-5895027585 (МПСИ)
© Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Ôëèíòà», 2011
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Предлагаемый учебник предназначен студентам, начинающим изучение английского языка на гуманитарных и экономических факультетах неязыковых вузов. Вместе с тем книга
адресуется самому широкому кругу взрослых обучаемых,
желающих успешно решать производственные задачи в избранной ими сфере профессиональной иноязычной коммуникации.
Учебное издание состоит из Вводного и Базового курсов,
рассчитанных в общей сложности на 200 академических часов,
и содержит более тысячи единиц общеупотребительной англоязычной лексики, включая географические названия и служебные слова.
Основной целью учебника является формирование у обучающихся коммуникативной компетенции, предполагающей
следующие умения:
выделять тему и цель беседы в свободном потоке речи на
английском языке;
читать несложные тексты различной жанровостилевой
направленности;
составлять с опорой на образец письма личного, полу и
официального характера;
заполнять несложные документы анкетного типа;
устанавливать и поддерживать контакты в сферах
профессионального и неформального общения.
Вводный курс состоит из двенадцати уроков, к которым
прилагаются ключи к проверочным упражнениям, грамматический справочник и словарь активной лексики. Каждый урок
имеет четырёхчастную структуру и делится на 1) фонетический, 2) грамматический, 3) текстовый и 4) тестовый разделы.
В конце каждого урока помещен список активной лексики
урока. Особое значение придаётся осмыслению фонетиколексикограмматической структуры языка. Реализация речевых
намерений адресата осуществляется через микродиалоги, позволяющие увязать грамматические образцы с теми коммуникативными функциями, которым они приданы.
Базовый курс состоит из шести уроков. В связи с расширением учебнометодических задач несколько видоизменяется
структура урока. Урок включает: 1) грамматический, 2) текс3
товый, 3) функциональный и 4) тестовый разделы и завершается списком активной лексики урока.
Поскольку печатные тексты содержат не весь лексический
минимум, подлежащий изучению, то часть слов вводится и
закрепляется в ситуациях речевого общения под рубрикой
“Remember!”. Другая часть, направленная на формирование
пассивного словаря студентов, помещена под рубрикой “Note!”.
В качестве методической доминанты в технологии построения учебника выступают задания, направленные на сопоставление исходной и изучаемой культур. Тематикоситуативное
разнообразие курса и социокультурный принцип организации
учебного материала призваны обеспечить профессиональную
мотивацию и развитие эмпатических способностей обучаемых
даже при достижении относительно невысокого уровня владения языком.
Автор приносит благодарность кандидату филологических наук, профессору И.К. Кочетковой за ценные замечания,
высказанные в ходе разработки пробного варианта учебника в
Дипломатической академии МИД РФ. Особую признательность автор выражает ректорату АТиСО, кандидату экономических наук, профессору Т.В. Гришиной за содействие в
подготовке учебника к печати, желает всем обучаемым успехов в работе с новой книгой и обретения прочных знаний.
Автор
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ __________________________________
3
ВВОДНЫЙ КУРС
ВВЕДЕНИЕ _______________________________________ 11
UNIT 1.
GREETINGS
(Приветствие) ______________________ 17
Фонетика. Дифтонги и долгие гласные в I (открытом) типе
ударного слога. Kраткие гласные во II (закрытом) типе ударного
слога. Чтение буквосочетаний ck, ch, tch, sh, ph, th и буквы с. Гласная
“у” в начале слов.
Грамматика. Личные, указательные и притяжательные
местоимения. Глагол to be. Простое предложение. Общий вопрос.
Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные. Понятие об
артикле. Место прилагательного в предложении. Предлоги from, in
для выражения падежных отношений.
Текст. My Office.
Ролевая игра. Неофициальное знакомство.
UNIT 2.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
(Анкетные данные)__________________ 30
Фонетика. Долгие гласные в III типе ударного слога. Гласные в
безударном положении перед r. Сочетание kn в начале слов и чтение
s в конце слов. Чтение x в зависимости от положения в слове.
Грамматика. Вопросы к именной части сказуемого типа: What
are these?/those? What’s your job?/address? Множественное число
существительных. Предлоги места on, near, at, under, below, above и
предлоги of, for для выражения падежных отношений.
Текст. At the Conference.
Ролевая игра. Регистрация в гостинице.
UNIT 3.
INVITE YOUR FRIENDS
(Пригласите друзей) _________________ 44
Фонетика. Чтение “о” в различных сочетаниях. Cогласные “g” и
“j”. Буквосочетания ng, nk.
5
Грамматика. Разделительный вопрос. Утвердительная форма
повелительного наклонения. Предлоги about, with для выражения
падежных отношений.
Текст. A Letter from London.
Ролевая игра. Приглашение.
UNIT 4.
FAMILY CIRCLE
(Семейный круг) ____________________ 59
Фонетика. Чтение согласной “r” на стыке слов перед гласной.
Гласная “о” перед m, n, v, th. Чтение гласной “a” перед th / f / n / s +
согласная.
Грамматика. Глагол have (got). Неопределённые местоимения
all, some, any, no. Альтернативный вопрос. Притяжательный падеж
имён существительных.
Текст. A Big Problem.
Ролевая игра. Семейный альбом.
UNIT 5.
WHY I LOVE THIS CITY
(За что я люблю этот город) ____________73
Фонетика. Дифтонги в IV типе ударного слога. Чтение
буквосочетания ch [k].
Грамматика. Конструкция there is/are. Наречия a lot of, many,
few, a few. Количественные числительные от 20. Предлоги места next
to, between, opposite, behind, in front of. Специальные вопросы типа:
How many…?
Тексты. Text A: English Homes. Text B: Four Blocks from the
White House.
Ролевая игра. Аренда квартиры.
UNIT 6.
A LETTER FROM GOLDEN BEACH
(Письмо с Золотого пляжа) ____________ 92
Фонетика. Чтение “w” в различных условиях. Сочетания au / aw /
al + согласная.
Грамматика. The Present Continuous Tense (Настоящее
продолженное время). Специальные вопросы типа: What is / are…
like? Порядковые числительные. Предлоги времени at, on, in.
Тексты. Text A: A Letter Home. Text B: Scotland.
Ролевая игра. Накануне отъезда.
6
UNIT 7.
A TYPICAL DAY
(Обычный день) ____________________ 113
Фонетика. Гласный [e]. Повторение и обобщение. Чтение qu в
сочетании с а, ar.
Грамматика. Абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений.
The Present Simple Tense (Настоящее простое время). Специальные
вопросы типа: How often…? What colour / make / size…? Именные
придаточные предложения.
Тексты. Text A: My Working Day. Text B: A Day in the Life of the
Queen.
Ролевая игра. Устройство на работу.
UNIT 8.
WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO EAT?
(Где можно поесть?) _________________137
Фонетика. Дифтонг [qV]. Повторение и обобщение.
Грамматика. Оборот “would like (to do)” для выражения
предпочтений. Наречия much, little, a little. Специальные вопросы
типа: How much…? Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения
Тексты. Text A: Have a Break! Text B: Harrods.
Ролевая игра. В ресторане.
UNIT 9.
WORK AND LEISURE
(Работа и досуг) ____________________ 158
Фонетика. Редукция гласных в предударном и послеударном
слогах. Дифтонг [eI]. Повторение и обобщение.
Грамматика. Специальные вопросы к подлежащему и
дополнению.
Модальные глаголы can, may. Отнoсительные местоимения who,
that, which.
Тексты. Text A: What Are They Interested In? Text B: Time off.
Ролевая игра. Выходные дни.
UNIT 10.
A BUSINESS TRIP
(Деловая поездка) __________________ 180
Фонетика. Согласные [C], [S], [Z].
Грамматика. Модальное выражение “have to”. Cпециальные
вопросы типа: How long does it take…?
7
Тексты. Text A: The Age of the Train. Text B: London’s Heathrow.
Ролевая игра. Поездка в аэропорт.
UNIT 11.
LET ME REMEMBER
(Дайте мне вспомнить) ______________ 199
Фонетика. Смещение ударного слога. Дифтонг [aI]. Повторение и
обобщение.
Грамматика. Глагол “to be” в простом прошедшем времени.
Cокращённые утвердительные и отрицательные предложения типа:
So was I. / Neither was I.
Тексты. Text A: Hill Street Blues. Text B: The Global Newspaper.
Ролевая игра. Как это было раньше.
UNIT 12.
INTERVIEWS, INTERVIEWS
(Интервью, интервью) ______________ 217
Фонетика. Ударение в многосложных словах.
Грамматика. The Present Continuous Tense для обозначения
будущего времени. Конструкция going tо. Обстоятельственные
придаточные предложения.
Тексты. Text A: Tawley Arts Festival – Another Canne? Text B:
Classical Music Still Rocks Our World.
Ролевая игра. Фестиваль популярной музыки (повторение).
GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT ________________________ 237
SELF$STUDY ___________________________________ 274
ACTIVE VOCABULARY ____________________________ 295
БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС
UNIT 13.
ENTER THE WORLD OF ARTS
(Окунитесь в мир искусства) _________ 326
Грамматика. Past Simple, past modals. Reflexive pronouns.
Infinitive of purpose. Repoted speech.
Тексты. Word building: Suffixes er, ist, ian, ant. Text A:
Success Story. Text B: Exhibitions.
Функции. Share your impressions. A letter of thanks.
Ролевая игра. Посещение выставки.
8
UNIT 14.
TOO MUCH TRAFFIC
(Слишком интенсивное движение) ____ 362
Грамматика. Past Continuous. Present participle after verbs of
sensation. Modal verbs “must”, “need”. Sequence of tenses.
Тексты. Word building: Suffixes (i)ty, ness, ment and tion. Text
A: Road Traffic Reduction. Text B: Safety to Pedestrians.
Функции. Make sure you don’t get lost. A letter of inquiry.
Ролевая игра. Дорожнотранспортное происшествие.
UNIT 15.
FIRST IMPRESSIONS
(Первые впечатления) _______________ 396
Грамматика. Modal verb “should”. Degrees of comparison of adjectives / adverbs. The use of articles with place nouns.
Тексты. Word building: Prefixes in , un , im , ir , il. Text A:
Charlie Chaplin, Movie Star. Text B: Ahead of Its Time.
Функции. Don’t turn me down. A letter of invitation.
Ролевая игра. Различие и сходство двух культур.
UNIT 16.
BRUSH UP YOUR ENGLISH
(Восполни знание языка) ____________ 436
Грамматика. Articles: general rules and exceptions. Contact
Clauses. Past Participle. Present Perfect. Present Perfect Continuous.
Тексты. Word building: Suffixes en, fy and ize. Text A: The
Other Side of the Moon. Text B: Trinity.
Функции. Let’s arrange a meeting. A business letter: Making an
appointment.
Ролевая игра. Программа рабочего визита.
UNIT 17.
ALL WE NEED IS REASON AND TOLERANCE
(Все, что нам нужно — это разум
и терпимость) ___________________________482
Грамматика. Future Simple. Future modals. “If and whenclauses”.
Future in the Past. Articles with countable/uncountable nouns.
Тексты. Word building: Suffixes ful and less, prefix re Text A:
The World Conservation Movement. Text B: Walking in the Wood.
Функции. Do you think it’ll get warmer? A business letter: a
followup.
Ролевая игра. На конференции.
9
UNIT 18.
THINK GLOBAL, ACT LOCAL
(Мысли широко, действуй
конкретно) ________________________ 524
Грамматика. Compounds of “some”, “any”, “no”, “every”. Complex
object with the infinitive. Have something done.
Тексты. Word building: Suffixes al, able, ability. Text A:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Text B: Britain’s National
Figures.
Функции. A dialogue of cultures. A business letter: сonsolidation.
Ролевая игра. Организация круглого стола на тему “Человечество
в XXI веке”.
GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT __________________________ 564
SELF$ STUDY _____________________________________ 600
ACTIVE VOCABULARY ____________________________ 616
ВВОДНЫЙ КУРС
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
В этом разделе вы ознакомитесь с краткими сведениями о
фонетической системе английского языка.
Английский алфавит
1. Разучите английский алфавит. Обратите внимание на
основные знаки фонетической транскрипции.
а) Прослушайте, как произносятся буквы английского
алфавита и повторяйте их за диктором.
THE ABC
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg
[eI]
[bi:]
[si:]
[di:]
[i:]
[ef]
[dZi:]
Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll MmNnOo Pp
[eIC] [aI]
[dZeI] [keI] [el]
[em] [en]
[qV]
[pi:]
Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww
[kju:] [R]
[es]
[ti:]
[ju:]
[vi:]
[dAblju:]
Xx Yy Zz
[eks] [waI] [zed]
b) В некоторых буквах встречаются одинаковые звуки.
В каких? Прослушайте запись еще раз и разделите все буквы
алфавита на несколько групп.
a
b
f
i
q
11
Чтение согласных
2. Проследите, какой звук передает каждая из согласных
букв английского алфавита.
Согласные буквы и звуки
B [b]
H [h]
N [n]
T [t]
C [s], [k]
J [dZ]
P [p]
V [v]
D [d]
K [k]
Q [kw ]
W [w ]
F [f]
L [l]
R [r]
X [k s], [g z]
G [dZ], [g]
M [m ]
S [s]
Z [z]
Классификация гласных
3. В следующей таблице обратите внимание на
несоответствие английских гласных букв тому количеству
звуков, которое они передают.
Гласные буквы
А Краткие
Е Долгие
I
О
U
Y
Дифтонги*
Гласные звуки
[I] [e] [P] [x ] [V] [A] [q]
[i:] [R] [L] [u:] [E:]
[eI] [aI] [qV] [aV]
[OI][Iq] [eq] [Vq]
* Дифтонги – это сочетание двух гласных в пределах одного слога: [eI], [aV],
[Vq], в котором первый элемент произносится более отчетливо и называется ядром
дифтонга, а второй, менее напряженный, называется скольжением.
Примечание. В английском языке долгота или краткость
гласных является смыслоразличительной. Замена краткого звука
долгим или наоборот может привести к смешению значений слов и в
целом – к потере смысла высказывания.
Сравните: [SIp] – корабль, [Si:p] – овца
12
Чтение гласной буквы в английском языке зависит от ее
ударной или неударной позиции в слове и от типа слогов, которые бывают открытыми и закрытыми. Открытым называется
слог, оканчивающийся на гласную букву. Закрытым называется слог, оканчивающийся на согласную букву. Выделяют 4
основных типа ударного слога.
Типы ударного слога
4. Прочтите данные характеристики и попытайтесь
объяснить, чем эти типы слога отличаются друг от друга.
Первый (открытый) тип слога
Гласная в открытом типе слога сохраняет свое алфавитное
звучание, т.е. передается долгим звуком или дифтонгом:
– в конце слова, если она является единственной гласной
буквой в слове: so [sqV];
– в односложных словах, оканчивающихся на немое е,
которое обычно не читается: mine [main], tone [tqVn], game
[geIm];
– в словах типа table [teIbl], в которых ударная гласная
отделена от немого е двумя согласными, одна из которых – l.
Примечание. Гласные произносятся: а) длительнее всего в
односложных словах, если за ними не следуют согласные: my [m ai],
mе [m i:]; б) более длительно перед сонантами (1, m, n) и звонкими
согласными, чем перед глухими согласными. Сравните: say [seI] –
same [seIm] – sake [seik].
Второй (закрытый) тип слога
Гласная буква в закрытом слоге читается кратко в
следующих положениях:
– в односложных словах, оканчивающихся на одну или
несколько согласных:
ten [ten], tent [tent];
– если ударная гласная отделена от последующей гласной
двумя или тремя согласными:
middle [mIdl], kettle [ketl].
13
Заметьте, что двойные согласные читаются как один звук.
Примечание. Глухие согласные [р,t,k] произносятся с
придыханием в начале слов, если им не предшествует согласный s.
Сравните: till [tIl] – still [stIl].
Третий тип слога
Правила чтения гласных перед конечной буквой r или
перед r + согласная объединяются в так называемый третий
тип (ударного) слога. Буква r после гласной не читается, но она
придает этой гласной иное звучание, чем то, которое эта гласная
имеет в ударных слогах, читающихся по первому или второму
типу слога. Так, гласная a перед конечной согласной r (или r +
согласная) передается долгим [R], например: bar [bR], bark
[bRk].
Четвертый тип слога
Сочетания типа гласная + r + гласная объединяются в
четвертый тип слога. Например: bare [beq], care [keq].
Таблица произношения английских гласных
в четырех типах слога
I type
II type
III type
IV type
а
е
name [eI]
he [i:]
man [x]
pen [e]
part [pRt]
her [E:]
care [k eq]
here [Iq]
i/y
time
[aI]
by
pin
[I]
gym
firm
[E:]
myrtle
fire
[a iq]
tyre
о
u
home [qV]
tube [ju:]
June [u:]
box [P]
bus [A]
sport [L]
turn [E:]
more [L]
pure [jVq]
14
Интонация и ритм английской речи
Для ритма английской речи характерно то, что ударные
слоги в предложении произносятся через более или менее
равные промежутки времени. Чем больше безударных слогов,
тем быстрее они будут произноситься.
Интонация в сочетании с грамматической структурой
предложения и его лексическим составом является важным
средством выражения высказывания.
Важным элементом правильного звукового оформления
предложения является также интонация. В понятие интонации
входят следующие компоненты: речевая мелодия, фразовое
ударение, темп и тембр голоса.
Are you A/merican or PBritish? Вы американец или британец?
Основную трудность для начинающих изучать английский
язык
представляет
членение
предложений
на
ритмикоинтонационные группы, совпадающие с синтагмами.
Предложения обычно делятся на минимальные, неделимые
далее части, в которых невозможно отделить одно слово от
другого, не нарушая смысла. Подобные словосо
четания выражают связь между двумя или несколькими
понятиями или группами понятий, но не передают закон
ченной мысли.
Такие смысловые группы называются синтагмами. При
интонационной разметке текста границы синтагмы
обозначаются вертикальной чертой:
No /pains, | no Pgains. Без труда нет добра.
Синтагмы могут быть начальными, серединными и
конечными. В первых двух видах синтагм обычно употреб
ляется восходящий тон, а в конечной синтагме тон обусловлен
коммуникативным типом предложения, т. е. повествование ли
это, вопрос, распоряжение и т. д. Как видим, предложение
может делиться на три смысловые группы
Those two / businessmen | are Nhere | for the Pconference.
Тe два бизнесмена находятся здесь для участия в
конференции.
15
Таким образом, при чтении данного предложения после
слов businessmen и here можно сделать паузу.
Ритмикоинтонационное оформление предложения долж
но объединять входящие в него синтагмы в единый
интонационный рисунок.
UNIT 1
GREETINGS
Приветствие
Как спросить?
Вы американка?
Как вас зовут?
ФОНЕТИКА
Дифтонги и долгие гласные
в I (открытом) типе ударного слога.
Краткие гласные во II (закрытом) типе
ударного слога.
Чтение буквосочетаний ck, ch, tch, sh,
ph, th и буквы “с”.
Гласная “y” в начале слов.
ГРАММАТИКА
Личные, притяжательные и
указательные местоимения.
Глагол to be.
Простое предложение. Общий вопрос.
Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые
существительные. Понятие об артикле.
Место прилагательного в предложении.
Предлоги from, in для выражения
падежных отношений.
См. Приложение, с. 237.
Study unit 1 and roleplay.
Изучив урок 1, исполните данные роли.
В университете вы знакомитесь со студентами, приехавшими
изза рубежа. Ваша встреча проходит в неофициальной
обстановке.
Вы
Поздоровайтесь.
Зарубежный студент
Ответьте на приветствие.
Представьте себя
и своего спутника.
Скажите, откуда вы родом.
Назовите свое имя.
Добавьте, что рады знакомству.
Уточните,
кто по национальности
ваш новый друг.
17
Выразите восхищение
тем, что собеседник
хорошо говорит
поанглийски.
Ответьте. Пожелайте гостю
удачного дня.
Попрощайтесь.
Section I
Выскажите ответное
пожелание.
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
УЧИТЕСЬ ПРОЗНОСИТЬ, КАК АНГЛИЧАНЕ
1. Прочтите за диктором слова в правой колонке таблицы.
Проследите, какими буквами и буквосочетаниями передаются
произносимые гласные под ударением.
а
ai
аy
Таблица чтения гласных по первому (открытому)
типу ударного слога
сase, late, name, date, plane,
[eI]
mail, main, tail, pain, saint,
may, pay, gay, day, today*
i/y
i+ld [aI]
i+nd
hi, my, nine, fine, like, side,
kind, mind, mild, find, bind
о
o+ld [qV]
oa
no, note, home, bone, dome,
old, cold, fold, hold, sold
oat, boat, coat, load, soap
e
ee
ea
u
oo
u
ew
he, me, she, Pete, theme, these,
keep, seek, tree, three, need, free,
tea, neat, leave, read, speak
rule, June, July, blue, clue,
too, spoon, food, fool, school
use, unit, music, student, computer
new, few, stew, dew, view
[i:]
[u:]
[ju:]
* В данном учебном пособии ударение в многосложных словах проставлено
только тогда, когда оно не падает на первый слог.
18
2. Произнесите слова, в которых ударные гласные читаются
по типу закрытого слога. Проследите, каким буквам в левой
колонке соответствуют эти гласные.
Закрытый тип слога
i/y
e
o
a
u
oo
[I]
[e]
[P]
[x]
[A]
[V]
sit, kill, mint, Italy, hymn, system
desk, send, tent, lesson, bell, egg
not, hot, dog, spot, coffee, office
bag, map, man, fan, hat, hand, happy
us, bus, but, must, study, cut, begun
Перед k: look, book, took, cook
3. При чтении следующих пар слов старайтесь не оглушать
звонкие согласные в конце слов.
[t ] – [d ]
sat — sad
set — said
let — led
site — side
spent — spend
[k ] – [g ]
lock — log
clock — clog
dock — dog
tack — tag
pick — pig
4. Произнесите слова из правой части таблицы, обращая
внимание на правила чтения буквы “с” и буквосочетаний,
расположенных слева.
Чтение буквосочетаний ck, ch, tch, th, sh, ph
ck
ch/tch
sh
ph
th
th
c
[k]
[tS]
[S]
[f]
[T]
[D]
[s]
back, sick, Dick, ticket, pocket
such, chest, chain, catch, kitchen, French
shop, shock, shade, fish, Finnish
phone, telephone, photo, phi losophy
myth, thick, thin, thug, fifth, faith
this, that, they, them, than, then
Перед гласными е, i, у:
c
[k]
rice, price, cell, city, cycle, race, nice
cup, cat, cope, act, case, cricket
19
5. При чтении данных слов следите за правильным
произношением буквосочетаний, содержащихся в таблице
задания № 4.
Сheck, stock, pace, thick, pocket, lack, chime, racket, bathe,
o’clock, crash, pick, China, patch, shut, chase, selfish, Spanish,
shy.
6. Прочтите эти словосочетания. Обратите внимание на
зубную артикуляцию согласных перед звуком [D]:
in(this, in(that, and(they, and(this, and(that, at(this,
at(that, tell(this, tell(that
it’s(this, it’s(that, is(this, is(that, has(this, has(that
This is(the same. Is(this the same?
7. Произнесите за диктором слова, начинающиеся с буквы
“y”.
Чтение гласной “у” в начале слова
[j]
yes, yet, yap, yam, yoke, yoga, yelk, yelp, beyond
8. При выполнении данного фонетического задания
проследите за ударением.*
* Под фразовым ударением подразумевается выделение голосом
слов в предложении. В отличие от русского предложения, в котором все
слова являются ударными, в английской речи много неударных элементов:
артикли, предлоги, союзы, частицы, глаголысвязки др.
coffee, hot coffee, his hot coffee,
a dog, a big dog, his big dog
Maybe / rain, | maybe snow, |
Maybe / yes, | maybe no.
A black cat | sat on а / mat |
And ate | a fat rat.
20
Time is money.
Live and learn.
9. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Lunch, photo, film, block, Los Angeles, sofa, goal, symbol,
stand, rocket, shock, coffee, match, boss, finish, office, crystal,
lamp, copy, CocaCola, boom, case, type, pilot, Britain, British.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
АКЦЕНТ НА ГРАММАТИКУ
Set 1
Making Friends
Новые друзья
10.
диалоги.
Прослушайте и воспроизведите следующие
1.
А. Привет. Я Грег.
A. Hello, I’m* Greg.
What’s your name?
Как тебя зовут?
B. Elvis.
B. Элвис.
A. Pleased to meet А. Рад
you.
познакомиться.
* Вспомогательный глагол to be в данном типе предложений не переводится.
В разговорной речи используются сокращенные формы глагола to be.
Глагол to be
Я
Ты
Он
Она
Оно
Вы
Мы
Они
I am (I’m)
you are (you’re)
he is (he’s)
she is (she’s)
it is (it’s)
you are (you’re)
we are (we’re)
they are (they’re)
I am not
(I’m not)
you are not (you aren’t / you’re not)
he is not
(he isn’t / he’s not)
she is not
(she isn’t / she’s not)
it is not
(it isn’t / it’s not)
you are not (you aren’t / you’re not)
we are not
(we aren’t / we’re not)
they are not (they aren’t / they’re not)
21
2.
A. Hi, Keith!
B. Hi, David!
A. How are you?
B. Fine, thanks.
And you?
A. I’m O.K.
А. Привет, Кейт!
B. Здравствуй,
Дейвид!
A.Как поживаешь?
B. Прекрасно,
спасибо. А ты?
A. У меня всё
в порядке.
Запомните!
and – а, и (союз)
this – этот (указат. местоимение)
that – тот (указат. местоимение)
Притяжательные местоимения
I
he
she
it
This is Mr. Smith.
3.
A. Good morning,
Linda.
B. Morning, Tony.
A. Linda, this is Mr. Smith.
He’s British and he’s from
London.
B. Welcome to Moscow!
my – мой, моя
his – его
her – её
its – его, её
(неодушевл.)
22
our – наш
your – ваш
their – их
A. Доброе утро,
Линда.
B. Доброе утро, Тоуни.
A. Линда, это гн Смит.
Он британец и приехал
из Лондона.
B. Добро пожаловать в
Москву!
This is John and that is Linda.
4.
A. Good bye.
B. Bye, John.
See you soon.
A. Have a nice
day!
we
you
they
A. До свидания.
B. До свидания, Джон.
До скорой встречи.
A. Удачного тебе дня!
B. Thanks and
the same to you.
B. Спасибо и тебе тоже.
11. Работа в парах. Представьте другу своего британского
коллегу. Будьте вежливы.
12. Используя данную таблицу, составьте как можно больше
предложений. Переведите их на русский язык.
They
You
That
He
I
Her name
This
We
Its name
Kevin.
America.
Jean.
Moscow.
from Britain.
O.K.
Russian. [rA Sqn]
Jack.
Tina and Kevin.
am
is
are
13. Вставьте
микродиалоги.
недостающие
слова
в
следующие
1.
А: My name’s Philip. I ___ from Los Angeles.
B: Hi! Nice to meet you.
2.
A: What ____ your name?
B: Olga. I ____ from Russia.
3.
A: This ____ Sam. He ____ from New York.
B: Hi, Sam. How ____ you?
A: I ____ very well, thanks.
14. Уточните, откуда приехали ваши новые друзья.
Example:
Is Kurt from Bonn?
Yes, he is.
He’s from Bonn.
Is Jim from Bonn?
No, he isn’t.
He’s from London.
Структура общего вопроса
Is/Are + подлежащее + …?
Требует ответа yes (да)
или no (нет).
23
15. Прочитайте следующий диалог
и воспроизведите его в лицах.
A: Are you Sylvester Stallone?
B: No, I’m not.
A: Oh! Are you Frank Sinatra?
B: No, I’m not. I’m Bond – James Bond.
15a. Выберите себе персонаж. Остальные студенты
должны отгадать ваше имя и откуда вы родом.
Set 2
Naming objects
Наименование предметов
16. Укажите на любой предмет на картинке. Узнайте у
cвоего коллеги, как он называется по/английски, и попросите
проговорить это слово по буквам (задание выполняется по
образцу на с. 25).
24
a bag
a pen
a pencil
a map
a book
a notebook
a case
a coat
a tie
money
a cup
Example:
What’s this / that?
Что это такое?
It’s a tie. Это галстук.
Spell it, please.
Проговорите это
по буквам.
“T” “i” “e”.
Исчисляемые существительные
a friend [fre n d ] — друг
а — неопределенный артикль;
его фонетический вариант an употреб
ляется перед существительными,
начинающимися с гласного:
an apple [qn x p l] — яблоко
Неисчисляемые существительные
life — жизнь, time — время
17. Запомните следующие
противоположным значением.
Запомните!
good (хороший)
new [nju:] (новый)
hot (горячий)
full (полный)
thick (толстый)
small (маленький)
a telephone
антонимы
–
слова
с
Remember!
— bad (плохой)
— old (старый)
— cold (холодный)
— empty (пустой)
— thin (тонкий)
— big, large
(большой) [la:G ]
Имя
прилагательное
Английское прилагательное не изменяется
по числам и родам:
a nice flat
—
прекрасная квартира
Вставьте, где это необходимо, пропущенные артикли “а”
или “an”. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.
1. a good friend
2 ___ cold CocaCola
3 ___ new lamp
4 ___ apple
5 ___ old film
6 ___ thin notebook
7 ___ empty cup
8 ___ full life
9 ___ hot coffee
10 ___ bad copy
25
18. Используя список прилагательных к заданию 17,
опишите предметы классного обихода по заданному образцу.
Example:
This is a bag.
Is this bag old?
No, it’s new.*
Указательные местоимения this/that
являются значимыми словами, но в функции
определения они безударны:
this large office – этот большой офис
that happy man – тот счастливый человек
* В данном случае личное местоимение употребляется вместо
существительного, обозначающего предмет, и на русский язык переводится в
зависимости от рода русского существительного он / она / оно.
19. Игра “Угадай”.
Один студент загадывает предмет, а другие, задавая
наводящие вопросы, пытаются его отгадать.
Выигрывает тот, кто знает больше прилагательных.
A: Is it hot? / cold? / thick? / thin? / large? / small? / empty?
B: Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
A: Is this a …?
B: No, it isn’t.
A: What’s this?
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
ЧИТАЙТЕ И ОБСУЖДАЙТЕ ПРОЧИТАННОЕ
20.
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Remember!
a room [ru:m] – комната
in – в (предлог)
but – но (союз)
light [laIt] – светлый
very [verI] – очень
polite [pqlaIt] – вежливый
My Office
Hello. My name’s Steve. I’m British and I’m from
London. This is my office in Moscow. It’s a small room, but it’s
26
light. My friend Alex isn’t British, he’s Russian. His English is
very good. Alex is nice and polite.
Well, goodbye! Have a nice day!
21. Задания.
a) Просмотрите текст и ответьте на следующий вопрос.
Is Steve American?
b) Прочтите данные положения и скажите, соответствуют
ли они содержанию текста.
Yes or no?
Steve is from Russia.
His friend Alex is American.
The room in his office is light. His Russian is very good.
It’s a very large room.
Alex is a nice and polite man.
c) Расспросите собеседников о Стиве и его российском
коллеге.
22. Разыграйте ролевую игру на с. 17.
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
ПРОВЕРЬТЕ СВОИ ЗНАНИЯ
Test 1
1. Заполните эти диалоги соответствующей формой глагола
to be.
1.
2.
___
3.
A. Are you American, Kim?
B. Yes, I ____ . I ____ from New York.
A. ____ they British?
B. No, they ____. He ___ Russian and his friend
American.
A. Hello. I ____ Daniella and her name ____ Sue.
B. ____ you from London?
A. No, we ____ . We ____ from Leeds.
2. Переведите данные словосочетания на английский язык.
27
1. тонкий карандаш __________________________________
2. тот приятный человек ______________________________
3. толстая тетрадь ____________________________________
4. эта пустая квартира ________________________________
5. хороший фильм ___________________________________
6. полная чашка _____________________________________
7. плохой кофе ______________________________________
8. холодная кокакола ________________________________
9. та большая карта __________________________________
10. старый друг ______________________________________
3. Опишите 4 знакомых вам предмета следующим образом.
This is a case. The case is new. It’s big.
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
4. Переведите следующий текст на английский язык.
Доброе утро. Меня зовут Андрей. Я русский, родом из
Москвы. Это мой новый друг. Его зовут Фил. Он американец,
приехал из НьюЙорка.
Мы рады знакомству с Филом. Он приятный и вежливый
человек, хорошо говорит порусски.
До свидания. Удачного вам дня!
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
28
Word List (Unit 1)
friend
from
full
A
America
American
apple
G
good
B
bad
bag
be
big
black
book
boss
Britain
British
but
H
happy
he
hello
her
hi
his
hot
how
I
C
case
coat
CocaCola
coffee
cold
copy
cup
D
day
E
empty
F
fact
film
fine
flat
in
it
its
L
N
name
new
New York
nice
notebook
thick
thin
this
tie
V
very
O
office
OK
old
our
P
pen
pencil
photo
polite
W
we
well
what
Y
you
your
R
room
Russia
Russian
lamp
S
large
same
light
she
London
small
Los Angeles
spell
M
T
man
tea
map
telephone
meet
thanks
money
that
morning
their
Moscow
they
my
29
UNIT 2
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Анкетные данные
ФОНЕТИКА
Долгие гласные в III типе ударного слога.
Гласные в безударном положении перед r.
Сочетание kn в начале слов и чтение s в
конце слов.
Чтение x в зависимости от положения в
слове.
ГРАММАТИКА
Вопросы к именной части сказуемого
типа: What are these / those? What’s your
job? / address?
Множественное число существительных
Предлоги места on, near, at, under, below,
above и предлоги of, for для выражения
падежных отношений.
Как спросить?
Кем вы работаете?
См. Приложение, с. 242.
Study unit 2 and roleplay.
Изучив урок 2, исполните данные роли.
Для вас забронирован
номер в одной
из европейских гостиниц.
Вы подходите к стойке
администратора.
Вы
Поздоровайтесь и скажите,
что вы находитесь здесь
для участия в конференции.
SURNAME:
FIRST NAME(S):
AGE:
CITY:
COUNTRY:
HOME ADDRESS:
PHONE NUMBER:
Baker
Kathy
19
Bournemouth
England
60 Castle Road
01202\876523
Администратор
Спросите приезжего,
как его зовут.
Ответьте.
Попросите иностранца
произнести его фамилию
по буквам.
30
Выполните эту просьбу.
Задайте гостю вопросы о том,
откуда он приехал
(страна, город), уточните
его домашний адрес
и телефон.
Расскажите о себе.
Узнайте о его семейном
положении, возрасте
и профессии.
Ответьте администратору.
Отдайте гостю ключ от номера.
Section I
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
УЧИТЕСЬ ПРОИЗНОСТЬ, КАК АНГЛИЧАНЕ
1. Прочтите за диктором слова, помещенные в таблицу.
Обратите внимание на длительность звучания гласных.
Третий тип ударного слога, прикрытый r в конце слова
или r перед согласной
a+r
[R] car, star, arm, park, arc, mark
o+r
[L] or, for, door, short, form, New York
e+r
[E:] her, herb, term, serve, perfect
i+r
[E:] sir, first, girl, birth, shirt
u+r
[E:] fur, turn, burn, hurt, church, Burma
2. Произнесите эти слова. Помните, что гласный [q]
становится полудолгим для компенсации непроизносимого
конечного “r”.
Чтение гласных в безударном положении перед “r”
ar
[q]
collar, beggar, grammar, pillar, liar
er
or
ur
[q]
[q]
[q]
reader, differ, broker,* chapter, waiter
minor, major, tailor, tutor, razor
murmur, pursue
* Суффиксы существительных or, er зачастую означают деятеля: doctor,
dealer, photographer.
31
3. Повторяйте за диктором следующие слова. Помните, что
буква “k” в начале слов перед “n” не читается.
Чтение буквосочетания “kn”
kn
[n]
knap, knag, knack, knick, knit, knell, knob,
knot, knock, knave, knife, knout, knight,
knee, kneel, knead, knur, knop
4. Прочтите нижеприведенные слова. Следите за
правильным произнесением согласной “x” в зависимости от
положения в слове.
Чтение согласной “x”
x
x
[k s]
[gz]
box, fix, next, lynx, sphinx, text
e xit, e xist, e xample, e xhibit
5. Прочитайте слова в правой колонке таблицы. Обратите
внимание на три типа произношения конечной согласной “s”.
Чтение буквы “s” в конце слова
“s” в конце слова
[s]
[z]
[Iz]
pipes, plates, chaps, desks, looks,
shifts, clocks, students
ties, studies, plays, dogs, girls,
pins, aims, hours, houses [h a V zIz]
faces, places, voices, watches,
porches, matches, losses, pledges
6. При чтении следующих английских пословиц cледите за
правильным произношением буквы "s" в конце слов.
Deeds, | not words.
No /pains, | no gains.
So many /men, | so many
столько
minds.
Friends | are thieves of
time.
No news | is good \ news.
32
Нужны дела, а не слова.
Без труда нет добра.
Сколько голов –
умов.
Друзья – воры твоего
времени.
Отсутствие новостей –
хорошая новость.
7. В данном четверостишии старайтесь произносить звук
[w] энергично.
Why do you cry, / Willy?
Why do you cry?
Why, Willy, why, / Willy, |
Why, Willy, why?
8. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Park, actor, doctor, taxi, person, student, fax, dentist, group,
hotel, secret, banker, Hollywood, centre, address, seminar,
Germany, pizza, conference, re porter, , natio nality, journalist,
de signer, e conomist, , engi neer, business, businessman, manager, city, , university, hot dog.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
АКЦЕНТ НА ГРАММАТИКУ
Set 1
Talk about Jobs
Поговорим о профессиях
9. Выберите себе занятие из списка профессий и
предложите воспользоваться данным списком своим друзьям.
Remember!
a teacher – учитель
an accountant – бухгалтер
Example:
I’m a journalist and you?
teacher
doctor
student
designer
businessman
accountant
33
10. Поинтересуйтесь, чем занимается ваш собеседник.
Воспользуйтесь подсказками под моделью.
Example:
A. Are you a ,uni'versity student?
B. No, I’m not.
A. What’s your job?
B. I’m a doctor.
actor
banker
dentist
e conomist
manager
engineer
11. Скажите, кто эти люди, откуда они и кем работают.
NAME
TOWN
COUNTRY
JOB
Petra Schmidt
Hamburg
Germany
reporter
John Davis
Leeds
England
economist
Paolo Loretti
Rome
Italy
designer
Dmitry Popov
St. Petersburg
Russia
pilot
Начните так: This is Petra Schmidt.
Set 2
Groups of Objects
Обозначение нескольких предметов
12. Прочтите этот диалог. Найдите в тексте случай
употребления существительного во множественном числе.
Cultural Notes
Atlanta is the capital city of the state of Georgia* in the USA.
Sheraton is one of a group of large expensive (дорогой) hotels.
* Предлог “of” в сочетании с существительным (или местоимением)
соответствует русскому родительному падежу: столица (чего?) штата Джорджия.
Remember!
where to / from – куда / откуда
sorry [s P rI] – извините
34
on business [bIznIs] – по делу
here [h Iq] – здесь
Dmitry Popov is in Atlanta.
Dmitry:
Driver:
Dmitry:
Driver:
Dmitry:
Taxi!
Good morning, mister. Where to?
The Sheraton, please.
Which one? There are three Sheratons here* in
Atlanta.
Oh, sorry. The Sheraton Century [sen C qrI]
Driver:
Dmitry:
Driver:
Dmitry:
Driver:
Center.**
OK. Are you here on business?
Yes, I am.
Where are you from?
Russia, St. Petersburg.
That’s a nice city. Well, here we are. This is the
Sheraton. That’s $ 7.80.
Dmitry:
Thank you. Keep the change.***
* There are three Sheratons here. Здесь расположены три отеля “Шератон”.
** center – AmE for centre.
*** Keep the change. Сдачу оставьте себе.
13. Обсудите информацию, которую вы получили из текста
о госте из России.
Специальный вопрос
1. What’s his name? / surname?
2. Where is he?
3. Is he from…?
4. _______________
5. _______________
образуется с помощью
прибавления вопросительного
слова к общему вопросу.
14. Посмотрите на схему на с. 36 и объясните значения
указанных предлогов.
a) Задайте друг другу вопросы о местонахождении
окружающих вас предметов.
Example:
Where’s the map?
It’s on the wall above the shelf.
35
bag
pencil
desk
textbook
photo
apple
b) Опишите какой/нибудь предмет,
перемещая его в классе.
Предлоги места
above
on
at
in
near
under
below
15.
Посмотрите
иллюстра/цию.
на
а) Спросите у партнера,
какими столовыми приборами
пользуются студенты.
Един. число / Множ. число
Един. число / Множ. число
[s]
[z]
a plate – plates (тарелки)
a spoon – spoons (ложки)
a fork – forks (вилки)
pizza [pi:tsq] – pizzas
a cake – cakes (пирожные)
hot dog – hot dogs
[Iz]
[vz]
a place – places (места)
a shelf – shelves (полки)
an address [q dres] – addresses a knife – knives (ножи)
a box – boxes (коробки)
a wife – wives (жёны)
a watch – watches (часы)
a half – halves (половинки)
Remember!
a man – men
a woman – women
[w im in]
Example:
a tooth – teeth (зубы)
a foot – feet (ноги)
a person – people
a child – children
(дети)
What are these / those in English?
They’re knives.
b) Опишите положение одних столовых приборов по
отношению к другим.
36
Example:
Where are the
knives?
They’re on the tables
near the plates.
Set 3
Определенный артикль “the”
указывает, что существительное
обозначает уже знакомый нам предмет.
В таких случаях определенный артикль
можно заменить указательным
местоимением this/these.
Слова tables и plates употребляются в
конкретной ситуации, и собеседнику
понятно, о каких предметах идет речь.
Exchange Phone Numbers and Addresses
Обменяйтесь адресами и телефонами
Listening
16
а) Прослушайте и воспроизведите следующие диалоги.
Remember!
single [sINgl] – холостой
married [mxrId] – женатый
to see [s J ] – видеть
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
a family [fxmIlI] – семья
at once [wAns] – сразу
1.
Frank! How nice to see you!
Are you married?
No, I’m single. Are you?
I’m married.
How is your family?
How old are the children?
What are their names?
Not so many questions at once.
My son is only two.
His name is Dary. We’re very well, thank you.
Remember!
You`re welcome [welk qm] – пожалуйста
Cultural Note
В Великобритании телефонные номера произносятся
отдельно, с паузами между группами по 3 или 4 цифры в
отличие от других стран, где номера произносятся парами.
Когда первые две или последние две цифры номера одинаковы,
37
употребляется слово double.
2.
A.
What’s your address?
B.
It’s 16, Mill Street.
A.
What’s your fax / telephone
number?
B.
It’s 307 4922 (three, oh,
seven, four, nine, double two).
A.
Good. Thank you.
B.
You’re welcome.
b) Вы встретили своего
зарубежного друга, с которым
была потеряна связь.
Разыграйте указанную ситуацию
в парах.
Количественные
числительные
0 – zero
1 – one
2 – two
3 – three
4 – four
5 – five
6 – six
7 – seven
8 – eight
9 – nine
10 – ten
11 – eleven
12 – twelve
13 – thirteen
14 – fourteen
15 – fifteen
16 – sixteen
17 – seventeen
18 – eighteen
19 – nineteen
17. Включите в диалог
подходящие по смыслу фразы. Воспроизведите в лицах
следующий разговор.
Remember!
a surname [sE:neim] – фамилия
goodlooking [, gVdlVkIN] – хорош(а) собой
Jannie: What’s his job?
Holly: __________________
Jannie: An actor! What’s his surname?
Holly: __________________
Jannie: Is he from Hollywood?
Holly: __________________
Jannie: He’s very goodlooking.
What’s his phone number?
Holly: __________________
Jannie: Is he your boyfriend?
Holly: __________________
a. Cameron.
b. Yes, he is.
c. That’s a secret.
d. He’s an actor.
e. No, he isn’t.
He’s from
New York.
18. Игра "Угадай".
У вас в руках чужая визитная карточка, надпись на которой
видите только вы. Пусть коллеги расспросят вас о ее владельце.
38
Узнайте, откуда приехал этот человек (страна и город), как его
зовут, кем он работает. Уточните его адрес и номер телефона.
19. Culture Quiz
Задайте друг другу вопросы и ответьте на них.
1. Disneyland in Rome?
2. Champagne from France?
3. Ronald and Nancy Reagan teachers?
4. “Graham” a French name?
5. “Argentinian” a nationality?
6. Michael and Janet Jackson married to each other?
7. Pete Sampras a tennis player?
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
ЧИТАЙТЕ И ОБСУЖДАЙТЕ ПРОЧИТАННОЕ
20. Вы находитесь в гостинице. Заполните эту анкету.
Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms.*
Surname ______________________
First name(s ) __________________
Nationality ____________________
City, country ___________________
Job ___________________________
Home address __________________
Phone number __________________
* Mr. – сокращенная форма от вежливого обращения mister. Mrs. –
сокращенная форма от слова missis [misiz]. Ms. [miz] – вежливое обращение к
женщине в том случае, когда ее семейное положение неизвестно.
21.
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Remember!
for a conference [kPnfqrqns] – для участия
в конференции
now [naV] – теперь, сейчас
come and meet [kAmqndmi:t] – подойди
и познакомься
great [greIt] – здорово
39
At the Conference*
На конференции
Lena and Victor are from Minsk. They’re in New York for the
conference.
Victor:
Clyde:
Victor:
Clyde:
Jim:
Victor:
Lena:
Jim:
Clyde:
Hello. Are you here for the conference?
Yes, we are. Are you?
Yes, I am. My wife and I are journalists.
That’s nice. I’m Clyde Jones and this is Jim Blake.
Pleased to meet you.
Lena! Come and meet these people. Lena, this is Mr.
Jones, a businessman. Meet his friend, Mr. Blake.
He’s an economist.
How do you do!**
How do you do!
That’s great, Jim. "How do you do." You British are
very polite.
* Предлог “at” с названиями организаций и зданий передает идею
деятельности: at a party / meeting / concert / match. Сравните: She’s in a shop. He’s
at the London School of Economics.
** How do you do! Этим приветствием обмениваются при официальном
знакомстве.
22. Задания
a) Прочитайте диалог про себя. Найдите в тексте диалога
предложения, в которых собеседники говорят о своих
профессиях.
b) Questions.
1. Victor and Lena / economists?
2. What / their jobs?
3. Where / from?
4. Mr. Jones and Mr. Blake / Americans?
5. These people / here for the seminar?
6. They / dentists?
7. What / their jobs?
8. The British / very polite?
23. Разыграйте ситуацию на с. 30.
40
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
ПРОВЕРЬТЕ СВОИ ЗНАНИЯ
Test 2
1. Вместо точек вставьте указательные местоимения this
или these.
Example:
1 ____ engineer
2 ____ men
this desk
these maps
3 ____ children
4 ____ foot
5 ____ plates
6 ____ centres
Вставьте that или those.
Example:
7 ____ places
8 ____ taxi
that photo
those teeth
9 ____ women
10 ____ person
11 ____ knives
12 ____ watches
2. Заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
David Mark is here on business. What’s ______ new job?
Mr. and Mrs. Miller are in Moscow but _________ son’s in
London.
We are Russian and _______ friends are American.
The dog is very nice. ________ name’s Terry.
Mary, spell the word “nationality”, please. _________
English is good.
3. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги: in, from, for, of, at,
near.
1.
Come and meet Gregory. He’s an engineer ____ a firm
____
Germany.
2.
“Are you in Moscow ____ business?” “Yes, I’m here ____
the seminar.”
3.
Washington is the capital ____ the USA.
4.
Keep this map of Moscow. It’s ____ your British friend.
5.
“Charles isn’t ____ the classroom now. Is he ____ the
meet ing?” “No, he’s ____ the football match.”
6.
“Where’s the box ____ matches?” “It’s ____ the table
______ the cake.”
41
7.
8.
Those teachers ____ English are married to each other.
Roy is a student ____ Oxford.
4. Переведите следующий диалог на английский язык.
A. Извините, как ваша фамилия?
____________________________________________________
B. Нельсон, Роберт Нельсон.
____________________________________________________
А. Вы из Голливуда?
____________________________________________________
B. Нет, из Лондона. Мы врачи. Наша группа прибыла для
участия в семинаре. Познакомьтесь, это мой друг Джон Арчер,
он дантист.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
А. Очень приятно. Меня зовут Люси Палмер. Где находится
ваш отель?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
B. В центре города, в прекрасном месте – рядом с парком.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
А. Вот и такси. Это за вами? Счастливо!
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
42
Word List (Unit 2)
A
accountant
actor
address
at once
family
fax
feet
foot
for
fork
B
bank
banker
be married
businessman
box
O
F
G
Germany
goodlooking
great
group
C
cake
capital
centre
child
children
city
come
conference
D
dentist
designer
doctor
H
half
here
hot dog
hotel
economist
engineer
park
people
person
pizza
place
plate
R
reporter
S
secret
see
seminar
shelf
sorry
spoon
student
surname
job
journalist
K
knife
N
nationality
near
now
number
W
watch
P
J
M
manager
E
on
on business
U
university
T
taxi
teacher
teeth
these
those
tooth
town
43
UNIT 3
INVITE YOUR FRIENDS
Пригласите друзей
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение “o” в различных сочетаниях.
Согласные “g” и “j”.
Буквосочетания ng, nk.
ГРАММАТИКА
Разделительный вопрос.
Утвердительная форма
повелительного наклонения.
Предлоги about, with для выражения
падежных отношений.
Как предложить?
Давайте сходим…
См. Приложение, с. 245.
Study unit 3 and roleplay.
Изучив урок 3, исполните данные роли.
Вы на учёбе в Англии. Подошел конец недели. Вам хотелось бы
провести свободное время со своим зарубежным коллегой.
You
Пригласите коллегу съездить
в Ливерпульский музей
(the Liverpool Museum).
Скажите, что это очень
интересное место.
Тогда предложите посетить
Королевский театр.
Ответьте, что он расположен
в центре столицы.
44
Your foreign partner
Поблагодарите.
Выразите сожаление,
что не любите музеев.
Было бы здорово
послушать музыку.
Уточните,
где он находится.
Выскажите идею о том,
чтобы куратор группы
рассказал вам о них.
Предложите взглянуть на карту
Лондона и найти на ней
это место. Затем попросите
коллегу рассказать вам
об актерах этого театра.
Согласитесь.
Section I
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
УЧИТЕСЬ ПРОИЗНОСИТЬ, КАК АНГЛИЧАНЕ
1. Читайте за диктором слова, помещенные в таблицу.
Обратите внимание на то, как произносится буква “o” в
различных сочетаниях.
Чтение “о” в различных сочетаниях
oi
oy
ow
ou
ow+er
oil, hoist, spoil, joint, avoid, noise
boy, toy, ploy, envoy, an noy, Royce
[aV] В середине слова: brown, down, town, vowel,
cowboy, powder, crowd, downtown
[aV] pound, count, ground, thousand, arouse
[aVq] shower, power, tower, flower, glower
[OI]
ou+ r* [aVq] sour, flour, our, hour
* В безударном положении ou+r читается как [q]: favour, labour.
2. Следите за плавным переходом от определённого
артикля к слову, начинающемуся с гласного.
the(outfit
the(output
the(hour
the(ounce
the(outlook
the(outing
3. Вслед за диктором прочтите следующие слова. Следите
за артикуляцией каждого из этих звуков.
Чтение согласных букв и буквосочетаний
g
[G]
Перед е, i, у: gin, gym, cage, large, village.
Исключение: get, give, begin.
j
[G]
James, jam, job, Joe, jet, joke, object
45
ng
[N]
ng
[Ng]
nk
[Nk]
В конце слов: sing, Peking, thing, evening,
strong, meaning
В середине cлов: single, jungle, England,
Englishman, angle
frank, drink, thank, pink, Helsinki
4. Прочитайте нижеприведенные слова и объясните
правило чтения, которым вы руководствовались при выборе
между [g] и [dg].
Age, gage, wage, change, lodge, huge, college, jug, just, jazz,
jelly, jungle, jacket, enjoy, gist, ginger, Geneva, logic, algebra,
origin.
5. Произнесите следующие группы слов и обратите
внимание на различие в артикуляции звуков.
[n]
sin
ran
stun
[Nk]
sink
rank
stunk
[N]
sing
rang
stung
6. При чтении следующих предложений следите за
интонацией.
Tit for tat.
Как аукнется, так и
откликнется.
First /think | – then speak.
A friend in /need | is a friend
Сперва подумай, потом говори.
Друзья познаются в беде.
in deed.
People /meet | but mountains
never \ greet.
46
Человек с человеком
встретится, а гора с горой
никогда.
7. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Rose, partner, camera, home, album, passport, budget, image,
agent, homework, radio, justice, English, Helsinki, visit, interest, friendly, work, Browning, top, class, country, footballer, cinema, theatre, museum, text.
Section II
Set 1
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
АКЦЕНТ НА ГРАММАТИКУ
Asking for Information about Nationalities
Обмен информацией о национальности
собеседников
8. Назовите страну, к которой относятся указанные столицы.
Rome
Minsk
Paris Astana
Madrid
Tokyo Helsinki Washington
Example:
Rome is the capital of Italy, isn’t it?
Right.
Разделительный
вопрос
St. Petersburg is not
the capital of the
Ukraine, is it?
9. Вы находитесь в лингвистической школе в Лондоне.
Уточните национальность студентов вашей группы.
Воспользуйтесь списком имён под моделью.
Сountry
Belorussia
Kazakhstan
Finland
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Japan
Nationality
Belorussian
Kazakh
Finnish
German
French
Italian
Spanish
Japanese
London School of Languages
[s k u : l q v l x N g w I G I z ]
47
Example:
Kurt Bauer’s American, isn’t he?
No, he isn’t.
He isn’t German, is he?
Yes, he is.
1. Ralph Mark
2. Marcello Amato
3. Oleg Lukonin
4. David Ho
5. Christine Norman
6. Alice Hertsgaard
10. Заполните микродиалоги следующими выражениями.
Remember!
today [tq d eI] – сегодня
to be
on time [PntaIm]
(прийти вовремя)
late [leIt] (опоздать)
present [prezqnt]
(присутствовать)
absent [xbsqnt]
(отсутствовать)
ill [Il] (болеть)
ready [redI] (быть готовым)
AT AN ENGLISH CLASS
Teacher:
Students:
Marcello:
Teacher:
Students:
Teacher:
David:
Teacher:
48
Ralph is ______ today, isn’t he?
No, he isn’t. He’s absent.
Hello. I’m _______, aren’t I?
No, you aren’t. You’re on time. And how is
Alice? She’s ______ today, isn’t she?
No, she isn’t late. She’s ill.
Oh, no…
Hello. I’m not ______ today, am I?
But you are. Here’s a chair for you. Are we
_____ to start our class now?
Set 2
Commands and Suggestions
Распоряжения и предложения
11. Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка
на английский.
1. Будьте вежливы!
Повелительное наклонение
(утвердительная форма) во II
2. Сдачу оставьте себе.
лице совпадает по форме с
3. Удачного вам дня.
инфинитивом без частицы "to".
4. Идите домой. Поздно.
5. Проговорите это по буквам. Сравните: to go – идти
Go home! – Идите домой!
6. Подойдите сюда.
7. Познакомьтесь с моим другом.
12. Прочтите устав
студента и запомните
новые
глаголы.
Ис/правьте неверные
инструкции.
At Cambridge
The Student’s Charter
1. Speak Russian.
1. Говорите порусски.
2. Read in class.
2. Читайте в классе.
3. Put your bags on the desks. 3. Ставьте портфели на парты.
4. Do your homework.
4. Выполняйте домашнюю
работу.
5. Say “please” and “thank
5. Говорите “пожалуйста” и
you”.
“спасибо”.
6. Listen to your partner.
6. Слушайте собеседника.
7. Stand up when your teacher 7. Вставайте, когда с вами
speaks to you.
разговаривает учитель.
8. Look at the watch.
8. Смотрите на часы.
49
13. Pairwork
Вы просите собеседника рассказать вам об известных
личностях. Он советует обратиться к кому/нибудь другому.
Личные
Remember!
to tell* [tel] – рассказать
местоимения:
to ask [a:sk] – спросить
Subject
Object
* Глаголы “ask”, “tell”, “give”, “show” требуют
два дополнения.
Сравните: Show me the film = Show the film to me.
Example:
Tell me about Barbara Streisand.
Ask Tom about her.
Agatha Christie
John Lennon
Martin Luther King
the Beatles
Yan Fleming
I
he
she
we
they
you
it
me
him
her
us
them
you
it
Marylin Monroe
Conan Doyl
Liverpool footballers
14. Попросите друга показать вам его новые вещи: полки,
фотоаппарат, очки, марки. Воспользуйтесь словами под
моделью.
to give [g Iv] – давать
to show [SqV] – показывать
Remember!
Example:
camera
glasses
watch
Show / give me your new camera, please.
Take it, please.
It’s Japanese, isn’t it?
Right.
shelves
albums
bicycle
15. Выразите своё
пожелание таким образом.
Remember!
let me/him/her/them –
пусть он/она/они…
50
passport
umbrella
stamps
Для выражения
побуждения
к действию, обращённого
к I и III лицам,
употребляется глагол "let"
с инфинитивом без
частицы "to".
Example:
Let him take a taxi.
Пусть он возьмет такси.
take a bus
read a book
phone the office
go home
read the text
look at the map
take Mary home
do homework
16. Предложите коллегам провести свободное время
вместе. Используйте данные фразы.
Remember!
let us (let’s) [lets] – давай(те)
to have dinner [hxvdInq] – обедать
tonight [tqnaIt] – сегодня вечером
to have a drink [drINk] – выпить
Example:
Let’s have dinner tonight.
Давайте вечером вместе пообедаем.
dance
listen to music
phone our friends
show them the albums
17.
look at the photos
tell them about Madrid
have a drink with them
have coffee there
Listening.
a) Прослушайте и воспроизведите следующий диалог.
Cultural Note
Odeon [qVdIqn] название кинотеатра, а также компании,
владеющей кинотеатрами во многих городах
Великобритании.
Remember!
a cinema [sinimq] – кино
to be on – идти (о фильме)
51
1.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
Let’s go to the cinema.
Yes, O.K. What’s on?
The new James Bond film.
Where’s it on?
At the Odeon.
b) Прослушайте еще один диалог. Дополните его
подходящими репликами из колонки справа. Воспроизведите
весь разговор.
Remember!
a theatre [TIqtq] – театр
then [Den] – тогда, потом
a play [pleI] – пьеса
2.
A. Let’s go to the cinema.
B. _____________________________
A. How about going to the theatre then?
B. ____________________________
A. An Agatha Christie play.
B. ____________________________
A. At the Theatre Royal.
B. ____________________________
Where’s it on?
Yes, O.K.
What’s on?
Great!
I’m sorry
but I don’t like
(я не люблю)
films.
c) Пригласите друзей в кино или в театр.
18. Представьте, что сегодня у кого/то в группе день
рождения. Пусть каждый внесет предложение по поводу
подарка.
Remember!
a birthday [bE:TdeI] – день рождения
a flower [flaVq] – цветок
Example:
A.
B.
52
Let’s give her/him some book for
her/his birthday.
No, not a book. Let’s give
her/him an album.
Продолжайте работу по цепочке с опорой на подсказки.
For her:
bag / album
album / roses
flowers / perfume
For him:
briefcase / watch
watch / camera
camera / aftershave
19. Игра “Mimes”
Представьте, что вы находитесь на шумной вечеринке.
Голоса заглушаются музыкой. Вы должны жестами побудить
своего друга к следующим действиям:
подойти к комулибо
выпить чтонибудь
позвонить по телефону
взять фотоаппарат
взять зонт
уйти домой
Переведите язык жестов на английский язык.
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
ЧИТАЙТЕ И ОБСУЖДАЙТЕ ПРОЧИТАННОЕ
20
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочтите текст про себя и ответьте на следующий вопрос.
Is it easy for Julia to understand Londoners?
Why? / Why not?
Remember!
a letter [letq] – письмо
a pen friend [penfrend] – друг по переписке
different [dIfrqnt] – разные
to have – иметь
easy [i:zI] – легко, лёгкий
to understand [, Andqstxnd ] – понимать
interesting [IntrqstIN] – интересный
53
Julia is an Italian student of English at a school in London.
Read her letter to David, her American pen friend.
A Letter from London
72 Newton Drive
London S W 6
3rd October
Dear David,
How are you? Let me tell you about my life in London. I’m here
at an English school. I’m in class 3 with five students. They’re
from different places – Germany, Russia, Japan and Italy.
Our English teacher is very good. His name is Peter Briscall.
Look at my new address at the top of the letter. I’m with an
English family, the Browns. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have three
children. Thomas is fourteen, Catherine is twelve, and Andrew
is seven. They are friendly, but it isn’t easy to understand
them.
London is big and interesting. Hyde Park, Green Park and
St. James’ Park are in the centre.
Love,
Julia
21. Задания (tasks).
a) Ответьте на поставленный перед текстом вопрос.
b) Questions.
1. Is Julia in Cambridge? [keImrIG]
Ask “Where?”
2. Are the students in her class from
Italy? Ask “Where from?”
3. Is their English teacher good?
Ask about his name and nationality.
4. What address is at the top of
the letter?
5. Ask your partner to tell you
about the Browns.
6. Is Hyde Park in Kingston? Ask “Where?”
54
c) Составьте план текста.
Используя этот план, подготовьте звуковое письмо своему
зарубежному другу. Расскажите о начале занятий, опишите
свои впечатления о Москве.
22. Разыграйте ситуацию на с. 44.
Вам может понадобиться слово “a tutor” (куратор).
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
ПРОВЕРЬТЕ СВОИ ЗНАНИЯ
Test 3
1. Вместо точек вставьте, где нужно, пропущенные артикли.
1.
Big Ben is … clock in London.
2.
Go … home. It’s time to have … lunch.
3.
… football match is very interesting.
4.
That’s not easy to meet Liz. … girl is late.
5.
Broadway is … street in New York.
6.
Meet my friend. He’s … Belorussian.
7.
Let me tell you about … play.
8.
… people from Japan are nice and polite.
9.
“Let’s take … camera with us”. “Which one? … camera on
… shelf?”
2. Заполните пропуски личными местоимениями в
объектном падеже.
Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where is Polly?
Show her our house.
Where is George? Show ____ our garden.
My friend’s telegram isn’t for my father. It’s for ____ .
Here is the dog. Let’s take ____ home.
Today is Efie’s birthday. Come and speak with ____ .
We aren’t busy. Phone ____ today.
55
6.
7.
8.
Is this an English stamp? How interesting! Show ____ to
me, please.
Where are the new students? Tell ____ to come.
Your Italian albums are nice. Give ____ to ____ , please.
3. Дополните это письмо прилагательными.
easy
happy
difficult
yellow
small
new
great
good
24 West 55th Street
New York, NY, 10019
15th November
Dear Jacky,
Here I am in New York, and I’m quite ______ about it. Our
hotel is ______ , but the food is ______ .
Life is ______ here. The subway isn’t ______ to use. Taxis are
also ______ to see, with ______ TAXI signs on them.
Write soon. Send me Robert’s ______ address, please.
Love,
Bob
4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1 – Послушайте Павла, он готов к выступлению. – Пусть
начинает.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. – Как насчет футбола? – Извини, но мне это неинтересно.
Что идет в кино? – Новый голливудский фильм. – Сходим в
кино? – Хорошо.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
56
3. – Дети в их семье очень приветливы, правда? – Верно,
посмотри на их счастливые лица.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. – Курт учится в Лондонской лингвистической школе. –
Его друзья англичане, не так ли? – Нет, они все приехали из
разных мест.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Пусть Рональд возьмёт фотоаппарат и покажет нам
город.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Английский язык не очень сложный, но понимать
англичан нелегко.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. – Алиса не замужем, правда ведь? – Замужем, и это не
тайна.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
57
Word List (Unit 3)
A
absent
album
ask
H
have
have dinner
have a drink
Helsinki
B
him
be on
home
Belorussia, n homework
bicycle
birthday
I
ill
C
interest
camera
interesting
cinema
Italian
class
Italy
P
Paris
partner
passport
pen friend
play
present
put
R
radio
read
ready
Rome
S
D
different
J
E
L
Japan, ese
English
late
let
letter
look (at)
F
Finland
Finnish
flower
France
French
friendly
M
Madrid
museum
O
G
give
glasses
go (home)
58
school
show
Spain
Spanish
speak
St. Petersburg
stamp
stand up
on time
T
take
tell
text
theatre
them
then
today
Tokyo
tonight
top
U
umbrella
understand
us
V
visit
W
Washington
UNIT 4
FAMILY CIRCLE
Семейный круг
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение согласной “r”
на стыке слов перед гласной.
Гласная “о” перед m, n, v, th.
Чтение гласной “а”
перед th/f/n/s + согласная.
ГРАММАТИКА
Глагол have (got).
Неопределенные местоимения
all, some, any, no.
Альтернативный вопрос.
Притяжательный падеж имен
существительных.
Как сказать?
У меня есть…
См. Приложение, с. 248.
Study unit 4 and roleplay.
Представьте, что у вас в гостях знакомый американский
журналист. Познакомьте его с родителями, покажите ему
семейный альбом и опишите по фотографии своих близких.
You
Представьте американского
журналиста своим родителям.
The American journalist
Обменяйтесь приветствия
ми с родителями друга.
Предложите гостю напитки.
Согласитесь.
Попросите гостя взглянуть
на фотографию дяди.
Скажите, что сейчас он
в Петербурге.
Попросите хозяина
показать семейный аль
бом и рассказать
о своей родословной.
Узнайте, есть ли у вашего
друга братья и сестры.
59
Ответьте и дайте описание
внешности по фото.
Предложите встретиться
в вашем доме.
Выразите согласие.
Section I
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. Повторите за диктором слова, помещенные в таблицу.
Обратите внимание, перед какими согласными буква “o”
читается как краткий звук [A].
2. Произнесите слова с долгим звуком [R]. Запомните,
какими буквосочетаниями передается этот гласный.
Чтение гласной о перед m, n, v, th
o+
o+
m
n
[A]
o+
o+
v
th
some, come, be come, company
son, ton, done, none, among, month, money,
London
love, lovely, dove, above
other, a nother, mother, brother
3. В предложенных словосочетаниях и фразах обратите
внимание на слитное чтение буквы “r” с последующей гласной.
Чтение гласной а перед th / f / n / s + согласная
а+
а+
а+
а+
f
n
s
th
[R]
shaft, draft, after, staff, craft
dance, grant, plant, branch, advance
ask, task, fast, pass, lasting
bath, path, rather, father
a door ( and а shelf, а car ( and a tram,
a case or( a bag, a dog or ( a cat,
the star ( is his, the fur ( is new,
her ( English friend, Spanish or ( I talian,
A merican or ( English.
60
4. Прочитайте данные предложения и обратите внимание
на интонацию.
Tastes differ.
Like /father like son.
Speech is /silver, |
but silence is gold.
О вкусах не спорят.
Каков отец, таков и сын.
Слово — серебро,
молчание — золото.
/Father, /mother, /sister, /brother |
Hand in /hand | with one a nother.
5. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Video, front, college, moment, grammar, company, comfort,
chance, problem, polar, basketball, senator, phase, figure, cousin,
president, document, dictionary, special, intelligent, computer,
,cigarette, Ottawa, Canada.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Talking about Family Relations
Обсуждение родственных связей
6. Посмотрите на схему и определите, кто, с кем и в каком
состоит родстве. Заполните пропуски с помощью ’s.
Remember!
a son [sAn] – сын
a daughter [dLtq] – дочь
a niece [ni:s] – племянница
an uncle [ANkl] – дядя
an aunt [Rnt] – тетя
parents [peqrqnts] – родители
a nephew [nevju:] – племянник
Притяжательный
падеж имен
существительных
Единственное число ’s
the boy’s (his) address
– адрес мальчика
the girl’s (her) address
– адрес девочки
Множественное число ’
the boys’ (their) addresses
– адреса мальчиков
the girls’ (their) addresses
– адреса девочек
61
Philip = Liz
Susan
Charles
Carrie = Brad
Robert
Look at this family tree.
Philip and Liz are married.
Susan, Charles and Carrie are
their children.
Philip and Liz are the children’s
father and mother.
They are their parents.
Examples:
Philip is Liz’s husband.
Charles is Philip and Liz’s son.
1. Liz is ______ wife.
2. Charles is ______ son.
3. Charles is ______ brother.
4. Susan and Carrie are ______ daughters.
5. Susan and Carrie are ______ sisters.
6. Robert is _______ nephew.
7. Charles is ______ uncle.
8. Susan is ______ aunt.
9. Brad is ______ husband.
10. Brad is ______ father.
11. Robert is ______ son.
12. Liz is ______ grandmother.
7. Пользуясь словами, обозначающими степень родства,
опишите родословную Дианы.
This is my family tree.
Frank = Jean
Ted
Paul = Diana
Amanda
62
Nick
Remember!
a cousin [kAzqn] кузен, кузина
8. Прочитайте стихотворение “Patricia Grant” и определите,
кто такой Крис.
“Who is Chris?”
Well, my father has a sister
And her name’s Patricia Grant.
And her children are my cousins
And their mother is my aunt.
Well, my father has a sister
And her name’s Patricia Grant.
And her husband is my uncle
And his wife – well, that’s my aunt.
Well, my father has a sister
And her name’s Patricia Grant.
And her brother is my father
And her sister is my aunt.
And my aunt has got a brother
And her brother’s name’s Chris.
And his wife – well, that’s my mother.
Can you tell me who Chris is?
9. Переведите предложения, содержащие неопреде(
ленные местоимения, на русский язык.
Remember!
all
most
some
none
any
Неопределенные
местоимения
all
все
most
большинство
you
of
them
us
1. All the families have the same
problems.
2. Most of us have no free time.
3. Some people are single.
4. “Have you got any dogs?”
“I’ve got none”.
5. Bill has got no TV or video.
6. “Here are some photos”. “Keep
all of them”.
some
некоторые
none/no/not any
никакие
?
any
какиелибо
63
10. Расспросите собеседника о его семье и о семьях ваших
общих знакомых таким образом.
*
Have / has (got)
I
you have got a family.
we
they
Example:
Have you got any brothers?
No, I haven’t. / Yes, I have.
* В британском варианте английского языка
для разговорной речи характерна форма
“have got”.
1. sisters
2. cousins
3. grandparents
he
she
has got no children.
4. children
5. sons
6. daughters
11. На вопросы вашего партнера дайте однозначные
ответы. Воспользуйтесь подсказками под моделью.
Альтернативный вопрос
по сути является общим, но
требует конкретного ответа:
“Are you single or married?”
“I’m single.”
Example:
Have you got a sister or
a brother?
I’ve got a brother.
1. a sister / a brother
2. an uncle / an aunt
3. a son / a daughter
12.
4. a niece / a nephew
5. a grandpa / a grandma
6. a dog / a cat
Listening “How is life?”
Remember!
a factory worker [fxktqrIwE:kq] – рабочий завода
terrible [terIbl] – ужасный
a house [haVs] – дом
a swimming pool [swImIN pu:l] – бассейн
Note!
everything – всё
anything – ничего (в отрицательных предложениях)
to be broke – быть на мели, без денег
64
a) Listen and ask the same questions* about all of these people.
* ask the same questions – задавать те же самые (одинаковые) вопросы.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What’s her / his name?
Where’s she / he from?
What’s her / his job?
Has she / he got a husband / wife?
Has she / he got a flat or a house?
Has she / he got a good job?
Has she / he got any children?
Has she / he got a car?
b) Sum up the information*.
* Суммируйте информацию
c) On your own*.
* Самостоятельно
Are you single or married?
Have you got a flat or a house?
Is your family large or small?
What make is your car: is it Fiat, Honda or any other?
Is your life happy, terrible or OK?
13. Culture quiz.
Ask and answer these questions. Use a dictionary.
Is
Are
Campari
nephew
Big Ben
the Canaries
a tomato
penguins
the Hard Rock
an Apple Mac
a drink or a singer?
a boy or a girl?
a person or a thing?
islands or mountains?
a fruit or a vegetable?
birds or animals?
a pop group or a cafe?
a fruit or a computer?
65
Set 2
How People Look
Описание внешности
14. Пользуясь списком прилагательных,
характерные черты людей на фотографиях.
friendly
goodlooking
sad (грустный)
отметьте
quiet [k w aiqt] спокойный
pretty [p riti] миловидный
(о женщинах)
Look at the photos. What are these people like?
Какие эти люди?
Sarah
Robert
Anna
Fred
Samantha
15. Для описания внешности вам могут понадобиться
следующие слова.
AGE
ВОЗРАСТ
young – молодой
elderly пожилой
HEIGHT [haIt]
РОСТ
middleaged – среднего возраста
tall – высокий
of medium height – среднего роста
short – низкого роста
FIGURE
slim – тонкий
wellbuilt – хорошо сложённый
heavy – полный
EYES [aIz]
ГЛАЗА
blue – голубые
grey – серые
brown – карие
HAIR [heq] dark – темные
curly – кудрявые
ВОЛОСЫ straight – прямые
66
16. Прочтите данную характеристику.
а) Определите, кому из людей на снимках она принадлежит.
He / She is 19.
____________ is goodlooking, slim and has a fine figure.
____________ has straight hair and brown eyes.
____________ has no glasses.
____________ is very nice and intelligent.
b) Таким же образом составьте описание по фотографии
других персонажей.
17. Мысленно выберите кого(то из присутствующих в
группе. Коллеги задают вам вопросы о внешности этого
человека, чтобы установить его личность.
18. Read this short text and answer.
Are the brothers different or alike?
Remember!
both [bqVT] – оба
in the suburbs [sAbE:bz] – в пригороде
I’m a photographer. George is an English teacher. I have a
small flat in New York. He has a big house in the suburbs of New
York. I’m married. He’s single. I have brown eyes and he has blue
eyes.
We both have brown hair, but I have short curly hair and he
has long straight hair. I’m short and heavy, he’s tall and wellbuilt.
We’re different. But we’re brothers and we’re friends.
Ask each other questions, like this:
William
1. Is William a photographer
or a camera man?
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
George
1. Is George _____ or ___ ?
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
67
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
19.
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Remember!
a pay [peI] – жалование
too [tu:] – слишком
a law [lɔ :] – закон, право
beautiful [bju:tIfql] – красивый
Note!
a widow – вдова
parttime – на неполной ставке
elder – старший (сравнит. cтепень прилагат.)
to let – сдавать в наем
Cultural Note.
Putney [p A tn I] is a suburb of London. It is about six miles
from the centre of the city.
A Big Problem
Mrs. Bell is a widow. She has three children – two boys and a
girl. Roy is fourteen years old. He is at a grammar school. Her
elder son, Simon, is twentynine (29). He is an engineer at a large
computer company and he is now in Ottawa on business. Mrs.
Bell’s daughter, Alice, is nineteen. She is at a law college in
England.
The Bell family have a house in Putney with a beautiful garden. But the house is too large for them. They have two empty
rooms at the top of the house.
Mrs. Bell has a parttime job at the local public library. The
work is interesting, but the pay is not very good. So the big problem in the lives of the Bell family at the moment is money and
they are ready to let one of the two empty rooms.
20. Tasks.
a) Просмотрите текст. Найдите предложение, в котором
говорится о семейном решении Бэллов, позволяющем найти
выход из создавшегося положения.
68
b) Ask and answer.
1. Ask your partner about Mrs. Bell’s family.
2. How old are the children?
3. Is Roy a student?
4. Is Simon a student, too? Ask about Simon’s job.
5. Is he in London? Ask “Where?”
6. Is Alice at a business college? Ask “Where?”
7. Have the Bell family got a house or a flat? Ask “Where?”
8. What’s special about their house?
9. Have they got two empty rooms? Ask “Where?”
10. Ask about Mrs. Bell’s job.
11. Is she pleased with it? Why? / Why not?
12. Have the family got any problem? Ask “What?”
c) Tell your partner some interesting facts from the text.
21. Roleplay the game on page 59.
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 4
1. Закончите предложения либо с помощью ’s, либо of.
Example:
What is _____________ ? (the address / Jill)
What is Jill’s address?
1. ______ is not easy (the job / Ted).
2. Come for ______, please (a cup / tea).
3. ______ is in Kursk (the house / our friends).
4. Where is ______ (the school / the children)?
5. ______ is very good (English / Maria).
6. What’s ______ (the name / their home town)?
7. Well, here. Take ______ (a box / matches)!
8. It’s easy to close ______ (the door / a car).
9. They’re pleased to meet ______ (the girlfriend / Pat).
69
2. Используя слова в скобках, составьте вопросы
с глаголом have.
Example:
(you / a camera) .............................. ?
Have you got a camera?
1. (you / a passport) ………………………………………………………..?
2. (Carol / any boyfriend) ..............................................?
3. (your brother / a car or a bicycle) …………................….....?
4. (Mr. and Mrs. Lewis / any children)..............................?
5. (Ann / black hair).....................................................?
6. (you / any money)......................................................?
7. (your parents / a large family).....................................?
3. Вместо точек вставьте пропущенные неопределенные
местоимения:
some
any
no
none
1. Victor has got ______ questions. Answer them, please.
2. Mr. Martin, show us ______ photos from your album, please.
All of them are nice.
3. “Has she got _____ French magazines at home?” “Yes, she has
got ______ .”
4. “We have ______ classes today and you?” “No, we have
______
on Saturday.”
5. “Has Linda got ______ friends in London?” “No, not in
London.
She has got ______ in Paris.”
6. “Have you any time for basketball?” “No, I have ______ .”
“Then let me ask ______ of your family.”
4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1. Большинство студентов в нашей группе – холостяки.
____________________________________________________
2. Братья хорошо сложены, но фигуры у них разные.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
70
3. Москва – старый город. В нем есть парки, красивые улицы и
магазины.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. У мужа вашей сестры кудрявые или прямые волосы?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. – У них есть дети? – Да, маленькая дочь. Она очень спокойная.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Мой друг высокого роста, хорош собой, у него прямой нос
(nose) и карие глаза.
____________________________________________________
7. – У Браунов большой дом в пригороде, не так ли? – Да и это
для них проблема.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Составьте схему ваших ближайших родственных связей.
6. Придумайте краткий рассказ о своём друге, включив в
него описание его / её внешности. Начните так:
Let me tell you about my friend.
71
Word List (Unit 4)
A
all
any
at the moment
aunt
B
beautiful
blond(e)
blue
both
boy
brown
brother
C
cat
chance
cigarette
college
computer
cousin
curly
D
dark
daughter
dictionary
document
dog
E
eye
elderly
72
F
P
factory worker
figure
G
girl
grey
grammar
grandma
grandpa
grandparents
parents
pay
pretty
problem
S
sad
short
sister
slim
some
son
special
straight
suburb
H
hair
heavy
house
T
I
intelligent
tall
tree
L
law
M
middleaged
ministry
most
N
nephew
niece
none
U
uncle
V
video
W
wellbuilt
Y
young
UNIT 5
WHY I LOVE THIS CITY
За что я люблю этот город
ФОНЕТИКА
Дифтонги в IV типе ударного слога
Чтение буквосочетания ch [k]
ГРАММАТИКА
Конструкция there is / are
Наречия a lot of, many, few, a few
Количественные числительные
от 20
Предлоги места next to, between,
opposite, behind, in front of
Специальные вопросы типа:
How many?
Big Ben is a clock in London
Как сказать?
В нашем городе находится…
См. Приложение, с. 251.
Study unit 5 and roleplay.
Вы хотите снять в Лондоне квартиру на длительный срок.
Выбрав себе квартиру по объявлению в газете, вы звоните ее
владельцу.
You
Поздоровайтесь. Объясните,
что ваша работа находится
в центре. У вас маленький
ребёнок, и вам нужна
удобная квартира в тихом
месте.
Mr. Norris
Ответьте на звонок.
Скажите, что ваша улица
не шумная. Все услуги
расположены рядом.
Попросите хозяина
квартиры рассказать
73
о микрорайоне.
Объясните, что напротив
дома есть аптека и
универсам. За универсамом
находится почта, а между
ними – прачечная.
Выразите удовлетворение.
Поскольку вы являетесь
владельцем автомобиля,
поинтересуйтесь, есть
ли стоянка возле дома.
Согласитесь.
Выразите надежду
на скорую встречу.
Section I
Ответьте, что автостоянка
расположена перед
спортивным клубом.
Предложите собеседнику
приехать и осмотреть
квартиру и микрорайон.
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. Прочтите за диктором слова, помещенные в таблицу.
Следите за плавным переходом от ядра дифтонга ко второму
элементу.
а+rе
ai+r
Гласные в четвертом типе слога*
[eq] care, flare, mare, compare, prepare
[eq] hair, airway, repair, affair, chairman
е+rе
[Iq]
еа+r
ее+r
[Iq]
[Iq]
u+re
[jVq]
i/y+re [aIq]
(трифтонг)
here, mere, severe, adhere, sincere
Исключение: there, where [eq]
hear, clear, near, really, appear, year
beer, deer, sheer, career, ,engineer
cure, pure, lure, secure, endure
tyre, fire, tired, entire, inspire
* См. Сводную таблицу произношения английских гласных в четырех
типах ударного слога во Введении на с. 14.
74
2. Произнесите слова, указанные в таблице, и дайте их
русские эквиваленты. Какому звуку в русском языке
соответствует сочетание ch?
Чтение буквосочетания ch
[k ]
chorus, chrome, cholera, chronicle, scheme, chemist,
chemistry, chemical, mechanic, technical, character,
technology, epoch, Christ [aI], Christmas, Christian
3. Прочитайте следующие поговорки и стихотворение.
Обратите внимание на интонацию.
When /angry, | count a hundred.
There is /no /smoke | without fire.
Experience | is the best \teacher.
As /clear | as day.
First catch your /hare, |
then cook him.
Когда рассердишься,
сосчитай до ста.
Нет дыма без огня.
Опыт – лучший учитель.
Ясно, как белый день.
He дели шкуру неубитого
медведя.
The more we /learn, | the more we know.
The more we /know, | the more we for get.
The more we for/get, | the less we \know.
So, | why study?
4. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Lift, service, visitor, bus stop, caf , elegant, modern,
apartment (AmE), stereo, Cairo, balcony, sports club, Mersey,
hospital, Sydney, typical, Dublin, Liverpool, mechanical, comfortable, Mexico City, tennis, court, chemist, fax machine, residence.
75
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Counting. Asking about numbers
Счет. Запрос информации о количестве
5. Как произносятся числа свыше тысячи?
1,001
1,121
2,000
2,232
a thousand and one
one thousand, one hundred and twentyone
two thousand
two thousand, two hundred and thirtytwo
20 twenty
21 twentyone
22 twentytwo
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 a hundred
1000 a thousand
Look at the table.
LONDON
ROME
CAIRO
MOSCOW
MEXICO CITY
SYDNEY
London
1,445 Rome
3,159 2,138
2,494 2,378
9,178 10,623
17,002 16,333
New York
Cairo
2,880 Moscow
2,440 10,782 Mexico City
14,799 15,168 14,582 Sydney
London
Напишите правильный ответ и произнесите полученные
числа.
How many kilometres is it?
Example:
76
1 ... from London to Moscow?
Two thousand, four hundred and ninetyfour.
2 ... from Cairo to London?
3 ... from Rome to Moscow?
4 ... from Mexico City to Sydney?
5 ... from Sydney to Cairo?
6 ... from London to Rome?
7 ... from Cairo to Rome?
8 ... from London to Sydney?
9 ... from Rome to Mexico City?
10 ... from Moscow to Sydney?
11 ... from Sydney to Rome?
6. Прочтите следующую
информацию и скажите, чем
примечательны указанные города,
по мнению их жителей.
Remember!
a home town – родной город
a river – река
a sea – море
also – также
Оборот there is / are
имеет значение находится,
имеется, существует.
Перевод на русский язык
предложений c данной
конструкцией начинается с
обстоятельства места:
There’s a letter in the postbox.
В почтовом ящике лежит
письмо.
Meet John, a mechanical engineer
“My home town is Liverpool. It’s on the
river Mersey. We’re also near the sea and there
is the Maritime museum – a museum about the
sea. It’s a busy city, but there are bars, theatres
and nightclubs. Life is very interesting.”
Questions.
1. Where is Liverpool?
2. What places of interest are there in Liverpool?
There is ___________________
There are __________________
Remember!
a bridge [b rid] – мост
famous [feImqs] – знаменитый
a pub [pAb] – закусочная, бар
a writer [raItq] – писатель
Наречия a lot, many, a few, few
с исчисл. cуществительными
(+)
many
cities
a lot of – много
towns
(±)
a few – немного,
people
несколько
houses
cars
()
few – мало
“A lot of” чаще всего встречается
в утвердительных предложениях.
77
Cultural Note
James Joyce (1882–1941) – ирландский
писатель, прославившийся созданием новых
слов в языке и тем самым оказавший влияние
на развитие литературного стиля английских
романов.
This is Katherine, a travel agent from Canada.
“I’m married to a Canadian, but my parents are from Dublin. There are a lot of beautiful bridges, parks and elegant grey houses in this small and very
old city. There are a thousand pubs in Dublin.
Famous writers Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw and James
Joyce are all Dubliners.”
Questions.
1. What interesting places are there in Dublin?
There are _______________________ .
2. What famous writers are from Dublin?
They are ________________________ .
7. Read the text about Buckingham Palace.
Remember!
a police [pqli:s] station [steISqn] – полицейский участок
a post [pqVst] office – почта
a carpet [ka:pIt] – ковер
a mile [maIl] – миля
like – как (предлог)
a queen [kwi:n] – королева
Welcome to London, the capital of Great Britain. There’s a lot
to see in London. London has many beautiful old buildings and
monuments.
There are two famous addresses in London. One is 10 Downing
Street, the Prime Minister’s residence. The other is in the very
centre of London. It is Buckingham [bAkINqm] Palace.
Let me tell you about Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s residence.
Buckingham Palace is like a small town, with a police station,
78
two post offices, a hospital, a bar, two sports clubs, a disco, a cinema, and a swimming pool. There are 600 rooms, three miles of red
carpet, 300 clocks and 700 people working in the Palace.
Buckingham Palace
Questions.
1. What places of interest are there in the capital of Great Britain?
2. What famous addresses are there in London?
3. Where is the Prime Minister’s residence?
4. Is there a lot to see in Buckingham Palace?
5. How many post offices / sports clubs / rooms / bars / clocks are
there in Buckingham Palace?
6. Why is the Palace famous ?
8. Расспросите собеседника о его родном городе.
Remember!
a neighbourhood [neIbqhVd] – микрорайон
a chemist’s [kemIsts] – аптека
a petrol [petrql] station – автозаправочная
станция
a laundry [lLndrI] – прачечная
A. Are there any bars in your neighbourhood?
B. Yes, there are a few / very few.
C. Yes, there are quite a lot. Да, достаточно много.
D. In my neighbourhood there are none.
79
chemists
hospitals
big hotels pizza bars
post offices laundries
flower shops
petrol stations
9. Спросите коллегу, сколько культурных учреждений в
этом районе.
Remember!
Example:
a library [laIbrqrI] – библиотека
How many theatres are there in this
neighbourhood?
There is one. / There are two.
theatres (one)
libraries (three)
cinemas (a few)
universities (none)
colleges (few)
sport centres (few)
10. Tell your friends about your home town. Use the key words
below.
on the river
bridges
Set 2
elegant houses
famous people
theatres
museums
Places to Live and Work
Условия для жилья и работы
11. Восстановите разговор между квартиросъёмщиком
(Mr. Brown) и хозяйкой квартиры (Mrs. Florin). Заполните
пропуски в приведенных ниже репликах, в которых собеседники
пытаются уточнить имеющуюся у них информацию.
Note!
noise [nOIs] – шум
– Hello!
– Hello! My name’s Brown. You’re Mrs.
Florin, aren’t you?
– Yes, I am.
– You have an apartment for rent, …?
80
– That’s right. You’re 25 years old, …?
– Yes, I am.
– And you’re not married, ... ?
– No, I’m single.
– And you have a good job in our neighbourhood, ... ?
– Right.
– And you haven’t got a car, ... ?
– No, I haven’t, Mrs. Florin. Well, there isn’t any noise in your
neighbourhood, ... ?
– In fact, it’s a quiet place.
– There’re a lot of shops and pubs there, ... ?
– Yes, there are.
– So, it’s a very nice place to live, ... ?
– Absolutely.
– Thank you, Mrs. Florin. See you tomorrow.
– Goodbye, Mr. Brown.
12. Game: Where am I?
Посмотрите на план города, помещенный ниже. Вы
пытаетесь сориентироваться в новом для Вас районе.
a) Расспросите собеседника, что расположено на каждой
из 4(х улиц города.
b) Выберите себе место, где вы могли бы сейчас нахо(диться,
например, аптека. Ваш партнер должен догадаться, где вы.
Начните таким образом:
Are you in East Street?
Are you between / next to ... ?
N
Remember!
north [n O:T] – север
east [i:st] – восток
south [saVT] – юг
west [west] – запад
W
E
S
81
Library
Laundry
Police
Station
University
Supermarket
Video
Shop
Hotel
Book Shop
North
Street
Pizza Bar
Cafe
Cinema
Wine
Bar
Bus stop
West Street
East Street
Theatre
Post Office
Petrol
Station
Sports
Centre
South
Street
Bank
Flower
Shop
Chemist's
Restau
rant
Hospital
c) Пользуясь схемой города, уточните у своего собесед(
дника: есть ли неподалеку прачечная, универсам, библиотека и т.д.
Remember!
opposite [PpqzIt] – напротив
behind [bIhaInd] – сзади, за
in front [InfrAnt] of sth – перед чемто
Example:
Excuse me, is there a laundry near here?
opposite the pizza bar.
Yes, there’s
a laundry
behind the supermarket.
one*
next to the video shop.
* Местоимение “one” – словозаменитель существительных.
На русский язык в большинстве случаев не переводится.
d) Расспросите, где находятся интересующие
учреждения.
Remember!
a restaurant [estqrqnt] – ресторан
Example:
Excuse me, where is the flower shop?
opposite
the cinema.
It’s
in front of
the hospital.
between
the bank and the restaurant.
e) Расскажите о своем микрорайоне.
82
вас
13.
Listening “Marchmain Castle [ksl]” (Замок Марчмейн).
Marchmain Castle
open to the public
Saturdays / Sundays 10. 00 5.30
Admission: adults: £ 350; children: £ 200
Note!
an adult – взрослый
a guide [g a Id] – гид
a dead body – мертвец
a painting – картина
to be asleep – спать
Cultural Note
Many castles in Great Britain are of historical interest. These
country houses have fine works of art and are open to the public to
help owners pay for them.
a) Listen and answer.
Where are the visitors from?
b) Listen once again and tick (v )the correct answers.
1. The castle is closed to the public after 5.30.
2. There’s no guide in the castle.
3. Lord Marchmain is pleased to meet the Smiths.
4. The Marchmains have got some famous paintings on the walls.
5. They are only pictures by British painters.
6. The Smiths have got 3 bathrooms and 3 bedrooms in their house
in Manchester.
7. There aren’t many bathrooms in the Marchmain castle because
it’s very old.
8. There’s a dead body in the chair in one of the dining rooms.
c) How much do you remember about Marchmain Castle?
– How many bedrooms and bathrooms are there in the house?
– How many dining rooms are there?
– What’s the table like in this dining room?
– How many chairs are there around the table?
– How many chairs are there in the private dining room?
– How much are the tickets?
83
d) On your own
Is this a nice place to live? Why? / Why not?
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
14
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочитайте текст про себя и найдите ответ на следующий
вопрос.
What is in the hall of a British house?
Remember!
on the ground [graVnd] floor – на первом этаже
on the first floor [flO:] – на втором этаже
a year [jIq] – год
a study [stAdI] – кабинет
a bedroom [bedru:m] – спальня
a bathroom [bRTru:m] – ванная
own [qVn] – свой собственный
Note!
a fireplace – камин
English Homes
This is what Jim Blake says about a typical English house.
“Many English families have got flats, but some people have
got their own houses with a garden. There are two floors in a typical English house: the ground floor and the first floor.
There is a large hall with a fireplace on the ground floor. Also
on the ground floor there is a dining room, a study and a kitchen.
The study is a small room with bookshelves on the walls.
There are two bedrooms and a bathroom on the first floor of an
English house. It’s a beautiful place at any time of the year. There
is no place like home!”
84
15. Tasks
a) Answer the question before the text.
b) Look at the scheme of a typical English house. Ask Jim Blake
questions about it, like this:
How many ________ ?
What’s on / in ______ ?
__________________ ?
Remember!
a cupboard [kAbqd] – посудный шкаф
a cooker [kVkq] – плита
a sink [sINk] – раковина
c) Составьте краткое описание своей квартиры по вопросам,
приведенным ниже.
1. What floor is your flat on?
2. How many rooms have you got?
3. Is it a comfortable flat? Why? / Why not?
d) Опишите свою жилую комнату (a living room). Если
необходимо, воспользуйтесь словарем.
1. ..................................... in the middle of the room.
2. ..................................... in the corner of the room.
85
3. ..................................... on the wall near the door.
4. ...................................... below the window.
5. .................................................. above the shelves.
6. .................................................. below the clock.
16. Roleplay
You have a visitor in the house. Show him / her your flat.
A.
B.
A.
В.
Hello, ______. Let’s have a look at your new flat.
Рада вас видеть, Джэк. Проходите, пожалуйста.
Your neighbourhood is a very quiet place, isn’t it?
Верно. По соседству находятся университет и
библиотека. Напротив дома – спортивный клуб.
A.
How many rooms have you got?
B.
Пройдите и посмотрите. В квартире три комнаты, кухня
и большой холл с камином, как в английских домах.
A.
Oh, this is a very comfortable flat.
В.
Кухня современная, с новой раковиной и плитой.
Познакомьтесь, пожалуйста, с моим братом. Он тоже
студент университета и хорошо говорит поанглийски.
A.
With pleasure [pleZq] (с удовольствием).
86
Text B
17. Прочтите рекламу известного
отеля из американского журнала.
Note!
central heating – центральное отопление
a car park – автостоянка
Four Blocks from the White House
“The Jefferson” is a small but comfortable hotel in Washington, four blocks from
the White House. It’s modern in style with
24hour room service.
It has 100 rooms and inroom minibars,
stereo CD players and VCR’s. All the bedrooms have telephones and central heating.
There are a few private meeting*
rooms and dining rooms, a coffee shop and
a bar. The hotel has a lift and a car park.
* a private meeting room: помещение
для неофициальных встреч
Interviewer:
Tell our readers about your hotel room in “The Jefferson”,
please.
Julio Moretti:
I have a bed with a sofa in my
room. Then, there’s a fax machine
and a large working desk. Well, we’re
here on business and we’re pleased
with our hotel rooms. They’re comfortable for rest and work.
18. Tasks
a) Questions.
1. What city is “The Jefferson” in?
2. Is the hotel modern or classic in style?
87
3. Is it small or large?
4. How many rooms does it have?
5. Why is “The Jefferson” popular with the visitors to the capital?
b) Are these true or false?
1. “The Jefferson” is only 4 blocks from the White House.
2. There are several sports clubs and sameday laundries in it.
3. It has one restaurant and a bar.
4. It has a few private meeting rooms.
5. Fax machines, stereo CD players and videos – all of them are
for business, not for pleasure.
6. “The Jefferson” is a comfortable place to stay.
c) On your own.
Are there many VIP* among “The Jefferson” visitors? Why do
you think so?
Is the hotel famous because
– it’s modern in style;
– it has a high standard of service
* VIP – сокращенно от “a very important person”: высокопоставленное лицо,
высокий гость
19. Roleplay the game on p. 73. Use the following words:
I need (нуждаюcь, испытываю необходимость в чёмл.)
an ad (объявление)
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 5
1. Заполните пропуски подходящими наречиями:
many
a lot of
few
a few
1. McDonalds is popular in ______ countries.
2. It’s a problem to rent a flat because there are ______ hotels
in the town.
3. How ____________ French francs are there in a pound?
88
4. The cinema is almost (почти) empty today. They have
_________ visitors.
5. There are __________ elderly people in our neighbourhood.
6. It’s nice to have lunch in a cafe´ with __________ friends.
7. The TV service isn’t very good. There are ___________ inter
esting programmes.
2. Вставьте в текст пропущенные предлоги.
I’m a student ______ the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
Glasgow is ______ the river Clyde. It’s an industrial city but it’s
also famous ______ its museums, the Glasgow School ______ Art
and the Scottish opera. There are two popular football clubs
______ Glasgow, Rangers and Celtic.
3. Дополните следующее описание квартиры, чтобы
получился связный рассказ.
Our flat is on __________ of a big block of flats. We have
three _________ in it. Let me ____________ about my study.
In the middle ______________________________________
In the corner __________________________________________
I have no computer in __________ , but ___________ two shelves
to keep _________ and a desk to _____________ on.
In front of our block of flats ___________________________
We have a beautiful park ____________________ .
4. Переведите эти предложения на английский язык.
1. – Извините, здесь есть поблизости ресторан?
– Да, есть, напротив автобусной остановки.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2. – Сколько фотографий в этом альбоме?
– Довольно много, и всё это снимки известных людей.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3. Перед тем высоким отелем находится книжный магазин.
_________________________________________________
89
4. Я в этом микрорайоне впервые. Отсюда идет какойнибудь
автобус?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
5. – Сколько страниц в словаре?
– 1528.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
6. На доске список имен. Твое имя тоже есть в списке?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
7. – Где находится аптека?
– Между банком и почтой.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Word List (Unit 5)
A
above
also
apartment
a lot (of)
caf
Cairo
carpet
chemist’s
club
cooker
court
B
bar
bathroom
bedroom
behind
below
between
bridge
Buckingham Palace
E
east
eight
elegant
G
ground
H
home town
hospital
hundred
I
in the corner
F
famous
90
fifty
floor
forty
C
in front (of)
in the middle (of)
P
T
petrol station
police station
post office
practise
pub
K
kilometre
tennis
thirty
thousand
twenty
typical
L
laundry
library
Liverpool
living room
M
machine
many
Mersey
Mexico City
mile
N
neighbourhood
next to
night
ninety
north
Q
queen
R
restaurant
river
W
west
writer
Y
year
S
sea
service
seventy
sink
sixty
south
sport
stereo
Sydney
O
opposite
own
91
UNIT 6
A LETTER FROM GOLDEN BEACH
Письмо с Золотого пляжа
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение “w”
ГРАММАТИКА
The Present Continuous Tense.
Специальные вопросы типа:
What is / are …like?
Порядковые числительные.
Предлоги времени: at, on, in.
Как спросить?
Откуда ты звонишь?
См. Приложение, с. 254.
Study unit 6 and roleplay.
Представьте себе, что вы собрались в туристическую поездку по
Шотландии на своей машине. Задайте своему британскому
коллеге несколько интересующих вас вопросов.
You
Уточните у своего собеседника,
когда лучше всего посетить
Шотландию.
Скажите, что у вас отпуск
осенью. Расспросите, какая
в Шотландии погода в это
время года.
Узнайте, какие там рестораны
и отели.
92
Your partner
Объясните, что в мае там
стоят солнечные дни.
Ответьте, что осенью про
хладно и погода ужасная.
Дайте понять, что
обслуживание стоит
дорого. Что касается
туризма, в Шотландии
есть очень красивые
места.
Попросите своего британского
коллегу показать вам открытки
городов.
Вежливо откажитесь.
Объясните, что у вас
сейчас нет времени.
Предложите встретиться
во вторник в 5 часов
вечера.
Согласитесь и попрощайтесь
до вторника.
Section I
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. Вслед за диктором прочтите слова в таблице. Убедитесь,
что верно произносите “w” в сочетании с другими буквами.
Чтение “w” в различных сочетаниях
w перед гласной [w] weather, twin, swell, wear, wait, twice
wa в закр. слоге [w P]wash, want, watch, wallet, wasp, wander
wh
[w]
white, while, wheat, whelm, whisper, whether
war [wL] warm, ward, reward, warfare, warning
wor [wW] worse, worthy, word, world, work, workshop
who [hu:] who, whom, whose, whoop, whoever
wr
[r]
write, writer, wreck, wrist, wretch
2. Произнесите следующие слова. Обратите внимание, что
все указанные буквосочетания передают долгий звук [L].
Чтение au, aw / a перед l + согласная
au
[L]
aw
a перед
cause, author, autumn, August, daughter, applaud
law, saw, paw, crawl, hawk, withdraw, awful
salt, also, false, talk, chalk, alter, install
l + согл.
93
Чтение “o” в различных сочетаниях
or
our
ough
ore
oar
[L]
[L]
[L]
[L]
[L]
Ford, corner, record, boring, force, perform
pour, your, court, four, course, resource
ought, bought, nought, sought, thought
ore, more, shore, before, foreman
oar, roar, coarse, board, blackboard
3. При чтении следующих пословиц и стихотворения
проследите за интонацией.
While there is /life, | there is
hope.
The game | is worth the candle.
It is not work | that \kills, |
it's worry.
Solomon Grundy |
Born on /Monday, |
Christened on /Tuesday, |
Married on /Wednesday, |
Took ill on /Thursday, |
Пока дышу,
надеюсь.
Игра стоит свеч.
Убивает не работа,
а забота.
Worse on /Friday, |
Died on /Saturday, |
Buried [berId] on Sunday.
This is the /end |
of Solomon Grundy.
4. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Scot, Scotland, nation, national, Great Britain, medicine,
Highlands, ordinary, Miami, Chicago, separate, volleyball, million, season, Florence, programme, Wales, Boston, walkman,
fantastic, Hong Kong, , Aberdeen, Glasgow.
94
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Describing OnQGoing Actions
Описание действий, происходящих
в момент речи
Look at the photograph. What are these people doing?
Remember!
to do [du:] – делать
1. Max is talking on the phone.
2. Lisa’s operating the computer.
3. Nick and Daisy are writing.
5. Пользуясь словами под моделью, расспросите своего
друга, чем он занят в настоящий момент.
Example:
What are you doing now?
I’m working.
ask questions
answer questions
Present Continuous
Употребляется для выражения
действия,
происходящего в момент речи.
Формообразование: am/is/are +
глагол – ing
speak English
take a test
do my homework
spell difficult words
6. Объясните собеседнику, что в
данный момент вы делаете совсем не
то, о чём он вас спрашивает.
Example:
Are you having an English class?
No, we’re not having a class.
We’re eating pizza at the moment.
have coffee have a drink
go home
drink beer
dance
telephone
look at the watch
speak with the boss
95
7.
Listening.
a) Listen and answer:
Where’s Jack? What is he doing?
Remember!
to cook [k V k ] – стряпать, готовить пищу
b) Listen once again and practise this dialogue.
с) Roleplay similar conversations.*
* а similar conversation – подобный разговор
Remember!
to read a newspaper – читать газету
to study – учить(ся), изучать
Jack is
in his study.
in the dancing club.
at his Spanish class.
in a restaurant.
in the library.
at the post office.
8. Read and practise. Use the words in the right column.
A. Are you busy?
B. Yes, I am. I’m studying.
A. What are you studying?
B. I’m studying English.
cook food
study grammar
read a book
write a letter
operate the computer
practise Spanish
9. Предложите собеседнику выполнить данные указания.
Пусть он объяснит, что он делает. Остальные должны дать
описание этих действий.
Bob, go to the door, please.
96
A.
B.
A.
C.
What are you doing, Bob?
I’m going to the door.
Jenny, what’s Bob doing?
He’s going to the door.
Предлоги направления
Into
From
Go to the door, please.
Stand at the door, please.
Come up to the blackboard, please.
Go to the desk, please.
Take a key out of your briefcase, please.
Put it on the notebook, please.
Put it on the desk, please.
Take it from him, please.
Take it from the desk, please.
Put it into the briefcase, please.
Take a pen from the desk, please.
Give it to your friend, please.
Out of
to
10. Вы встретили знакомых
на улице. Спросите, куда они идут.
Example:
Where are you going?
We’re going to the shops.
bank
club
theatre
laundry
dentist
library
post office
university
11.Объясните мотивы ваших поступков.
Remember!
run [rAn] – бежать; cry [kraI] – плакать
smile [sm a il] – улыбаться
Example:
Why are you running?
Because I’m late.
97
run / late
cry / upset
smile / happy
go to bed / tired
go to the doctor / sick
go to the dentist / have problems with my teeth
12. Game “Mimes”.
Изобразите при помощи мимики и жестов различные
действия и представьте партнёру возможность их угадать.
Начните таким образом:
What am I doing?
13. Вы звоните своему знакомому по телефону, но в данный
момент он занят. Извинитесь за причинённое беспокойство.
Remember!
just [st] – как раз
to listen to sb/sth [lIsn] – слушать когол., чтол.
a) Read and practise.
A.
B.
A.
Hello, Carol.
It’s Jack here. Are you busy?
Well, yes.
I’m just reading a newspaper.
Oh, sorry!
b) Roleplay. Use the words in the right column.
A.
Hello, ______. It’s ______here.
Are you busy?
B.
A.
______. I’m just ____________.
Oh, sorry.
98
read a book
write a letter
study law
listen to BBC news
do homework
put the children to bed
Set 2
Dates and Arrangements
Даты и договорённости
14. Read the days of the week in the calendar.
Remember!
a week – неделя
1st
2nd
3rd
first
second
third
Example:
4th
5th
6th
fourth
fifth
sixth
7th
8th
9th
seventh
eighth
ninth
1st August / the first of [qv] August
August
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
15. Обратите внимание на особенность употребления
предлогов времени at, in, on.
at
on
8 o’clock / (midnight)
the end of – в конце
the beginning of – в начале
Sunday(s)
Monday evening
25 April / 6 June*
* Даты читаются таким образом: September 1, 1999 = the first of September,
nineteen ninety nine
in
spring / summer / August
the morning – утром / the afternoon – днём /
the evening – вечером
this afternoon / next week / last year
99
a) Узнайте, свободен ли ваш коллега в назначенный день.
I’m afraid* [qfreId] – боюсь, что…
Remember!
* I’m afraid – это выражение предполагает извинение в вежливой форме за
то, что уже произошло либо должно произойти.
Example:
Are you free on the ninth?
No, not on the ninth, I’m afraid.
17th 1st
5th
3rd
28th 2nd
b) Договоритесь со своим знакомым о встрече в любой
день недели утром, днём или вечером.
Example:
Are you free on the 12th?
Cetainly.
Let’s meet at 7 on Saturday evening.
O.K. See you on Saturday.
16. Read the letter and answer the questions below.
Note!
to arrive – прибывать
33, Highclere Road
Basingstoke
England
20 May
Dear James,
Thanks for your letter. It’s very kind of you to let me stay with
you and to meet me at the airport.
I’m arriving at 22.30 on Thursday 22 June. I’m twenty and
I’ve got dark curly hair. I’m quite short, about one metre seventy and I’m quite wellbuilt. Send me your photo if you have
time.
See you at the airport.
Best wishes,
Richard
100
Questions.
1. James and Richard are pen friends, aren’t they?
2. Is this their first meeting?
3. Has James got Richard’s photo?
4. Has Richard got James’ photo?
5. When and where is James meeting his pen friend?
Set 3
Describing the Weather
Описание погоды
17. Посмотрите на термометр, прочитайте безличные
предложения и переведите их на русский язык.
– 300 C
– 200 C
– 100 C
– 00 C
It’s hot.
It’s warm.
It’s cool.
It’s cold.
a) Составьте диалоги с выделенными словами.
Example:
It’s a ________ day to day, isn’t it?
It certainly is. It’s a beautiful day.
Remember!
lovely [lAvlI] – чудесный
terrible [terIbl] – ужасный
Isn’t it _______ today?
Yes, it’s lovely / terrible.
Example:
b) Глядя на рисунки, расспросите своего собеседника о
погоде в разных городах мира.
Example:
What’s the weather like in Rome now?
It’s hot and sunny.
101
It’s sunny. It’s cloudy.
It’s raining.
It’s snowing.
Florence
Paris
Yalta
London
Hong Kong
Tallinn
Boston
Moscow
Kursk
Madrid
Mexico City
St. Petersburg
18. Practise saying the months and the seasons of the year.
a month [mAnT] – месяц
Remember!
a) January February March April May June July
August September October November December
b)
There’re four seasons in a year. They are:
winter
spring
summer
autumn
зима
весна
лето
осень
с) Which are the winter/spring/summer/autumn months?
19. Узнайте у коллеги, в какое время лучше всего посетить
данные города.
Remember!
best [best] – лучший
Example:
When is the best time to visit London?
The best time to visit London is in ______.
Temperature charts
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
London
Rome
4
5
7
9
12
16
18
17
15
11
8
5
8
9
11
14
18
22
25
25
22
17
13
10
Lisbon
11
12
14
16
17
20
22
23
21
18
14
12
26
27
28
28
28
28
27
27
27
27
27
27
26
26
25
24
22
21
21
21
21
22
23
25
Singapore
Rio de
Janeiro
102
In Your Country
Tell your partner about the weather in Russia at the beginning
and at the end of each season.
When is the best time to visit Moscow?
20. Представьте, что ваш коллега только что вернулся из
одного из этих городов. Расспросите о его впечатлениях от
поездки. Воспользуйтесь подсказками под моделью.
Remember!
Example:
expensive [IkspensIv] – дорогой
What’s life like there?
It’s expensive.
What are the people like?
They are ordinary.
the weather / lovely
the city / beautiful
the restaurants / small
the streets / busy
the houses / big
life / o’kay
the people / nice
21. Read a letter from Golden Beach (Золотой пляж).
Remember!
on holiday [hPlIdI] – в отпуске
food [fu:d] – еда, пища
ugly [AglI] – уродливый
all the other [ADq] – остальные
together [tqgeDq] – вместе
Dear Mother,
Clyde and I are on holiday here with the children. To tell the
truth, we’ve got a few problems. The weather is terrible. It’s
cold and cloudy. It’s raining.
The restaurants here are expensive and the food isn’t very
good. All the other hotels are beautiful and new. But our hotel
is ugly and very old.
But we’re happy to be on holiday and we’re happy to be together.
Love,
Susan
103
Questions.
1. Are Susan and Clyde on holiday? And their children?
Ask “Where?”
2. Is the weather in Golden Beach lovely?
Ask “What … … like?”
3. Ask the same about the food.
4. Are there any restaurants there? Ask “What .… like?”
5. Ask the same about the hotels.
6. Is Susan’s hotel beautiful, too? Ask “Why/Why not?”
7. Are the family still happy? Ask “Why/ Why not?”
22.
Listening.
Remember!
to hear [h I q ] – слышать
American English (AmE)
to call
to have a horrible time
How is the weather?
on vacation
=
=
=
=
British English (BrE)
to phone
to have a terrible time
What’s the weather like?
on holiday
a) Listen to the first dialogue and answer these questions.
1. Where’s Chris calling from?
2. What’s he doing there?
3. What’s the weather like in Chicago?
4. Why is Chris having a horrible time?
b) Listen to the second dialogue and answer the same questions about Janet.
c) Roleplay similar conversations from Miami / Florence /
Boston.
A.
B.
A.
B.
104
Hi, ______. This is ______. I’m calling from ______.
From ______? What are you doing in ______?
I’m on holiday.
What’s the weather like in ______? Is it ______?
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
No, it isn’t. It’s ______.
Is it ______?
No, it isn’t. It’s ______.
Are you having a good time?
No, I’m not. I’m having a terrible time. The weather is
terrible here.
I’m sorry to hear that.
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
23
интонацию.
Прочитайте текст про себя и ответьте на следующий
во(прос.
What are David and his friends doing?
Remember! to sit [sIt] – сидеть
a beach [bi:tS] – пляж
to play [pleI] – играть
to swim [swIm] – плавать
to want [wPnt] – хотеть
Note!
a fishing village –
рыбацкий посёлок
Wales – Уэльс
a castle [kRsl] – замок
we’re lucky – нам повезло
fresh – свежий
A Letter Home
Dear Mum and Dad,
The weather is beautiful here. I’m sitting on the beach drinking cola. Tina and Pat are swimming in the sea and Chris is
playing volleyball with some friends. Frank is listening to his
walkman and reading.
We’re having a fantastic holiday. Abercwim is a little fishing
105
village in North Wales with a park, a castle, some lovely gardens and a little fishing port.
People are very friendly here. We’re lucky. This is our second
holiday this year and we’re doing what we want to do: sleeping, eating and playing games. The food is good, too a lot of
fresh fish.
Love,
David
24. Tasks
a) Answer the question before the text.
b) Questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is the weather cold in Abercwim? Ask “What … … like?”
Is David sitting in a restaurant? Ask “Where?”
Are Tina and Rilla swimming in the sea? Ask “Who?”
Is Chris playing beachball with his friends?
Ask “What game?”
5.
Is Frank watching TV? Ask “What?”
6.
Is Abercwim a special place? Ask Why?”
7.
Are the students lucky because they’re studying French all
the time? Ask “Why?”
8.
Ask your partner about the food in Abercwim.
c) Найдите в тексте прилагательные, в сочетании с
которыми употребляются эти существительные.
weather
holiday
village
gardens
food
fish
d) Просмотрите второй абзац текста. Из предложенного
ниже перечня выберите то, что можно считать характерным для
маленьких портовых городов Северного Уэльса.
This is a place of
– romantic old castles;
– the 400 years old university;
– famous restaurants, cinemas, – lovely gardens and parks;
pizza bars;
– fishing industry.
106
e) Чего не достаёт в верхней части письма? Какой, по
вашему мнению, должна быть шапка? Предложите свой
вариант.
f) Вы находитесь на каникулах. В письме британскому другу
опишите свои впечатления от летнего отдыха.
Text B
25. Прочтите информацию о Шотландии и выполните
предложенные задания.
Edinburgh [ edInbqrq] Эдинбург
Note!
a part – часть
even – даже
land – земля
wild – дикий
area [eqrI q] – местность
Gaelic [g eI l I k] – гэльский
to be located – быть расположенным
Scotland
Scotland is a part of Great Britain. This is true, but also it is a
separate nation. It has its own capital city, Edinburgh, its own
laws and its own stamps. It even has its own language, Gaelic.
Glasgow is the second big city in Scotland. Edinburgh, Glasgow
and Aberdeen are home to about five million Scots. This is where
most of the jobs are located.
The Highlands of Scotland is an empty land with few people,
few trees and lots of wild animals. The original Highlanders are
not only farmers. There are fishermen in this wild area, too.
107
26. Tasks
a) Check if these are true or false.
– Scotland is a part of England.
– The capital of Scotland is London.
– The Scots have their own language, Gaelic.
– There are only four million Scots.
– The Highlands is home to many people.
– It’s a busy area, with lots of cars and houses.
b) Find answers in the text to the following questions.
1. Are Scots a separate nation? Why?
2. Where are almost all the jobs located?
3. What is special about the Highlands and the Highlanders?
c) Write a paragraph for a newspaper. Describe a famous place
to visit.
1. Where is it?
2. Why is it famous?
3. What’s the weather like?
4. What’s there to see?
27. Roleplay the game on page 92. Use the word “tourism”
(туризм).
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 6
1. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги in / on / at.
Example:
1. …24 March
2. …2005
3. …midday
4. …night
5. …Wednesday
108
on 6 June
at 9 o’clock
6. …Saturday afternoon
7. …Thursday morning
8. …September
9. … the beginning of May
10. …the end of my holiday
11. …the weekend
12. …Sunday
13. …winter
14. …July
15. …the evening
2. Заполните пропуски предлогами.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Goodbye. See you … Friday.
George isn’t here … the moment.
Julia’s birthday is … January.
It’s cool … autumn.
Let’s meet at 13.00 … the afternoon.
It’s 14 June today. My exam is … 28 June.
All of us are tired (усталый) … the evenings.
3. Составьте вопросы типа “What ______ doing?” с разными
подлежащими.
Example:
(he) What is he doing?
1. (they) What __________________________________?
2. (your wife) ___________________________________?
3. (you) ________________________________________?
4. (the teacher) __________________________________?
Теперь составьте вопросы типа “Where ________ going?” с
разными подлежащими.
Example:
(we) Where are we going?
5. (you) _____________________________________________?
6. (those children) ____________________________________?
7. (the man on the bicycle) ______________________________?
8. (the girl with long hair) ______________________________?
4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте нужную форму глагола.
1.
2.
3.
4.
“Where is Warris?” “She ________ (to do) the flat.
Tomorrow ________ (to be) her mother’s birthday.”
Some people ________ (to have) their daysoff on week
days.
“What _______ you ________ (to look at)?” “I ________
(to look at) your new walkman.”
“John ____ (to be) busy?” “Yes, he ________ (to study)
French.”
109
5.
6.
______ (to call) the engineer, please. The computer
________ (not to work).
“Where they ________ (to go)?” “To the university.”
“What they ________ (to talk about)?” “About summer
holidays.”
5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1. Сад прекрасен весной. Каким он бывает зимой?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Поговори с Сандрой. Она на кухне, готовит обед.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. – Где Джоунсы? – Они в отпуске, прекрасно проводят время
на берегу моря.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. – Какая бывает погода в сентябре в России? – В начале
месяца тепло, а в конце сентября прохладно.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Давайте встретимся в 4 часа дня в следующий четверг.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. – Лора занята? – Да, она сидит за письменным столом и
читает газету.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. – Что сейчас по телевизору? – Показывают один из твоих
любимых фильмов “Моя прекрасная леди”.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
110
Word List (Unit 6)
A
August
at the beginning
at the end
autumn
B
beach
best
Boston
C
Chicago
cloudy
cold
cook
cool
cry
D
dayoff
December
do
E
eighth
expensive
F
fantastic
February
fifth
first
Florence
food
fourth
free
Friday
G
go to work/school
Great Britain
M
March
May
Miami
million
Monday
month
N
nation
national
newspaper
next
ninth
November
H
have a class/a good time O
hear
October
on holiday
I
operate
I’m afraid
ordinary
into
other
out of
J
January
R
June
rain
July
read
run
L
last
listen (to)
lovely
111
S
Saturday
Scot
Scotland
second
September
seventh
sit
six
sixth
smile
snow
spring
study
summer
Sunday
sunny
swim
T
talk
terrible
third
Thursday
together
Tuesday
U
ugly
V
volleyball
W
Wales
walkman
want
warm
Wednesday
week
winter
write
UNIT 7
A TYPICAL DAY
Обычный день
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение “qu” в сочетании с a/
ar.
Гласный [e].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Абсолютная форма притяQ
жательных местоимений.
The Present Simple Tense.
Специальные вопросы типа:
How often…?
What colour/make/size…?
Именные придаточные
предложения.
Как сказать?
Мой рабочий день начинается….
См. Приложение, с. 259.
Study unit 7 and roleplay.
Из газетной рекламы вы узнаёте, что центру студенческих
услуг на летнее время требуются служащие. Вы беседуете с
представителем фирмы.
You
Скажите, что всё лето
хотите работать в Центре
студенческих услуг
(the Student Services office)
Tom Flood
Узнайте у российского студента
а) где он живёт; б) где учится;
в) на каких языках говорит.
Ответьте.
Поинтересуйтесь, как часто он
проводит время вне дома,
играет ли на какихлибо
музыкальных инструментах.
Объясните.
Спросите, есть ли у собеседника
машина.
113
Уточните, что у вас есть
водительские права.
Удивитесь вопросу.
Спросите, когда начинается
рабочий день и когда
заканчивается.
Узнайте, чем обычно
занимаются студенты
на этой фирме.
Разъясните, что для поездок
по городу нужен ктото, кто
мог бы управлять микроавто
бусом.
С 9 утра до 4 часов дня.
Расскажите, что cтуденты
работают на компьютерах.
Вместе с иностранными гостями
они осматривают город,
ходят в музеи и театры,
проводят музыкальные вечера.
Поблагодарите Тома за
информацию и попрощайтесь.
Section I
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. Вслед за диктором прочтите слова в таблице. Убедитесь,
что верно произносите “qu” в сочетании с другими буквами.
Чтение буквосочетания “qu”
qu
[kw]
qu+a в закр. слоге
qu+ar
Редкие сочетания
114
quit, quite, quest, question, quench,
quake, liquid, queer, queen, Quirinal,
quinsy, equip, quest, Quebec
[kw ɔ ]
squad, squat, quarrel, quality,
quantity
[k w ɔ : ]
quart, quartic, quartz, quarto,
quarterly
[kw] acquit, acquaint, acquire, awkward
2. При чтении данных слов обратите внимание на то, как
передаётся звук [e] в различных условиях.
Гласный [e]. Повторение и обобщение
[e]
“e” в закрытом cлоге get, edge, every, cherry, egg, end,
impress, connect, except, suggest
“ea” перед d/l/t/th head, bread, steady, al`ready,
instead, death, threat, jealous,
leather
перед другими
deaf, heavy, pleasant, meant,
согласными
weapon, breakfast, treachery, realm
редкие сочетания
any, many, ate, says, Thames, said,
friend, bury, threepence
3. Произнесите следующие пословицы и стихотворение.
Заметьте, что на служебные слова we, us, him, them падает
логическое ударение.*
* Логическое ударение – выделение в предложении слов, важных по смыслу
для говорящего.
Heaven helps /him | who
helps him self.
/
No sweet without some sweat.
Early to bed and early to /rise,
makes a man /healthy,
/wealthy and wise.
На бога надейся, а сам
не плошай.
Без труда мёду не едят.
Кто рано ложится и рано
встаёт, здоровье,
богатство и ум наживёт.
Here’s a /health | to all /those that we love,
Here’s a /health | to all /those that love us,
Here is a /health | to all /those that love them
That love /those that love us.
4. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Lady, golf, music, BBC news, billiards, Arabic, prince, Kent,
relax, start, shorts, Thames, quartz, anatomy, medical, yoga,
115
phrase, instinct, progress, champagne, personal, electrical, interview, tele ,vision, piano, pianist, rock and roll.
Section II
Set 1
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Choosing an Object. Talking about Possession.
Describing Clothes.
Выбор одного предмета из нескольких.
Установление его владельца. Описание одежды.
5. На столе лежит несколько вещей. Определите, чьи они.
Example:
Whose is this letter? Is it yours?
Yes, it’s mine / ours.
No, it’s his / Greg’s / hers /
Alma’s / theirs.
keyring
watch
purse
pen
postcard
comb
map
money
tennis racket
Абсолютная форма
притяжательных
местоимений
my key – it's mine
our key – it's ours
your key – it's yours
his key – it's his
her key – it's hers
their key – it's theirs
6. Запомните названия следующих цветов. Скажите, какой
ваш любимый цвет.
Remember!
Example:
red – красный
green – зелёный
white – белый
favourite [feIvqrIt] – любимый
What’s your favourite colour?
Mine is green. And yours?
orange – оранжевый
blue – голубой
pink – розовый
yellow – жёлтый
purple – фиолетовый
striped – полосатый
polka dot – в горошек
7. Вы были в гостях и расходитесь по домам. В прихожей
перепутаны вещи. Которые из них ваши? При ответе используйте
прилагательные, обозначающие цвета.
116
Example:
There are four umbrellas here.
Which is yours?
Mine is the pink one.*
* Местоимение “one” не употребляется после абсолютной формы притяжательных местоимений, а также
после существительных в притяжательном падеже.
Сравните:
1. Take my camera. Where is yours?
2. Whose car is this? It’s Philip’s.
hat
box
briefcase
coat
jacket
sports bag
purse
tie
8. Расспросите своего друга, какого
цвета его новая одежда.
Remember!
a suit [s(j)u:t] – костюм
trousers [traVzqz] – брюки
a boot [bu:t] – сапог
Example:
a shirt [SE:t] – рубашка
shoes [Su:z] – туфли
a sweater [swetq] – свитер
You’ve got a new shirt.
What colour is it?
It’s brown and green.
9. Опишите, во что сегодня одеты ваши коллеги.
Remember! to wear [weq] – носить, быть одетым во чтото
Example:
What’s Walter wearing today?
He’s wearing a dark suit.
a purple jacket
light trousers
a black and white sweater
a grey suit and a red tie
a polka dot shirt and blue jeans
Закройте глаза и по памяти опишите одежду своих друзей.
Открыв глаза, сверьте впечатления.
10. Узнайте, какой марки указанные ниже товары.
117
Example:
What make is your car?
It’s an Opel / Volvo / Pontiac.
car –
TV set –
watch –
camera –
motorcycle –
Ford / Volga
Sony / Sharp
Seiko / Citizen
Pentax / Olympus
Honda / Suzuki
11. Game “Lost Property Office” (Бюро забытых вещей).
Вы потеряли какую(то вещь и пришли в бюро находок.
Служащий смотрит в список и задаёт вопросы о размере,
цвете или марке этой вещи, чтобы убедиться, что именно вы
являетесь её владельцем.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
Have you got my sports bag?
Oh, what is it like?
It’s brown and it has got
a handle on top.
But there are three on the list.
What’s inside it?
There are some books with my name in.
Let me see which is yours.
Well, is it yours?
LIST OF
LOST THINGS
Sports bag 3 pcs
Tennis racket 2
Camera 3
Video camera 2
Briefcase 4
Guitar 2
Umbrella 5
Passport 1
12. You’re visiting a shoe shop. Read and practise this dialogue.
Remember!
A.
B.
A.
B.
B.
A.
B.
118
to look for sth – искать чтолибо
to try [traI] sth on – примерять
another [q nADq(r)] – другой
a size [ ] – размер
I’m looking for shoes.
What’s your size?
I wear size 5. Show me the black ones, please.
Here’s a pair in your size. Try them on. Are they all right?
The shoes are pretty, but they’re a bit small / big.
Just a minute. Take another pair.
Thanks.
Set 2
Talking about Habits and Daily Routines
Беседа о привычках и повседневных занятиях
Заметьте, что в задании 12 глагол "to wear" употребляется
для обозначения обычного, регулярно повторяющегося
действия. Сравните:
I’m wearing jeans today.
Сегодня на мне джинсы.
I often wear jeans.
Я часто надеваю джинсы.
13. Используя данную информацию, расскажите об образе
жизни этих людей.
Remember!
before [bIfO:] – до
after [ftq] – после
go out – проводить
время вне дома
Present Simple
(+)
I
We play billiards.
You
They
He
She plays billiards.
It
Clyde and Susan do a lot of different
things during the week.
Susan:
On Tuesday morning I go to a French class.
On Friday I play tennis after work.
On Saturday afternoon we visit my mother.
Clyde:
On Monday I play golf before work.
On Wednesday morning I work on the computer.
On Saturday night my wife and I go out and visit friends.
On Sunday we go to a restaurant for lunch.
What does Susan / Clyde do on weekdays and at weekends?
Mon Tue
Wed Thur
Fri
Sat
Sun
Susan
Clyde
What do you do on weekdays / at weekends?
119
14 Выскажите мнения, альтернативные
утверждениям, при помощи "don’t / doesn’t".
данным
Present Simple
()
Remember!
to play the piano [pIxnqV] – играть
на фортепиано
to watch television [telI, vIZqn] (TV) –
смотреть телевизор
to like – любить, нравиться
Yes!
I
We don't smoke.
You
They
He
She doesn't smoke.
It
No!
My grandfather drinks tea.
Tommy and Alison play baseball.
On Sunday our family goes to the park.
Mr. and Mrs. Johnson read
the newspaper.
Their children watch TV.
He doesn’t drink coffee.
They _________ the piano.
We __________ to work.
They ________ books.
They _________ like
homework.
I wear boots in cold weather.
On Saturday Mr. Black goes
to the theatre.
Toshi speaks Arabic.
My cousin lives in Minsk.
Tom likes dogs.
I ______________ shoes.
He ____ to the library.
He ___________ Finnish.
She ___________ in Kiev.
He _____________ cats.
Расскажите о себе.
Yes!
No!
I study_________. I don’t study_________.
I go to _________. I don’t go to__________.
I wear__________.I don’t wear__________.
I drink_________. I don’drink___________.
I eat___________. I don’t eat____________.
15. Уточните у своего собеседника, чем он занимается во
второй половине дня.
100%
always
всегда
120
90%
usually [ju:ZqlI]
обычно
50%
often
часто
10%
sometimes
иногда
0%
never
никогда
Example:
What do you do after classes?
I often play the piano.
I:
always __________________ television.
never ____________________ to a cafe´.
sometimes ______________ to the radio.
usually _____________________ books.
often ______________ computer games.
never ______________________ letters.
16. Обратите внимание на порядок слов в общих и
специальных вопросах.
Do
Does
Where do
When do
Why
How
I / we / you / they
work on Saturdays?
he / she / it
work on Saturdays?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t (do not).
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t (does not).
I /we / you / they
I /we / you / they
does he / she / it
does he / she / it
work?
work?
work?
work?
16a. Узнайте у своего коллеги, приходится ли ему поступать
таким образом. Воспользуйтесь подсказками под моделью.
Example:
Do you ever run to work?
Yes, often. / No, never./ Yes, but very seldom.
cook food
have a party
eat pizza
relax in class
go to the doctor
read at night
play cards
play the piano
have a terrible time
121
17. Cпросите, как часто ваш собеседник проводит время
вне дома и как он одевается в том или ином случае.
Remember!
Example:
About
cinema
cafe´
concert
about twice a month – примерно два раза
в месяц
How often do you go out with friends?
Every day.
once [w An s] a week.
twice a month.
three times a year.
club
theatre
restaurant
1. You’re going to a party.
What do you wear?
2. You’re going to a picnic.
What do you wear?
3. You’re going to a concert.
What do you wear?
pizza bar
wine bar
disco
jeans
a dress
trousers
a suit
shorts
a jacket
trainers
a sweater
some comfortable clothes
18. Услышав данную информацию, выразите удивление
таким образом.
Note!
Example:
strange – странный, странно
He’s doing yoga.
That’s strange. He never does yoga.
She / play football.
I / drink whisky.
He / make dinner.
Our professor / wear jeans.
They / smoke French cigarettes.
My grandfather / listen to rock and roll music.
122
19. Open dialogue.
Read and practise the following* conversation. Use the words
above.
* the following – следующий
A.
B.
A.
B.
What are you doing?
I’m ______________.
That’s strange! Do you usually _________?
No, I never ________, but I’m __________ today.
20. Read and answer.
a) What does Philip want to be?
Remember!
Note!
to practise sth [prxktIs] – заниматься чемл.
a newspaper [nju:s,peIpq] – газета
a coach – тренер
excellent [eksqlqnt] – отличный
Phil and his friends are busy this afternoon. They’re staying
after class, and they’re practising different things.
Phil is practising tennis. His tennis coach tells him he’s an
excellent tennis player. He wants to be a professional player.
That’s why he practises every day.
What do Phil’s friends want to do?
Make up short dialogues with the phrases below.
Example:
Oliver wants to write for a newspaper, doesn’t he?
Right. He wants to be a professional journalist.
1. Alice / act in the theatre.
2. Peggy / play the piano.
3. Steve / play football.
4. Sandra / cut hair.
5. Nancy / work in business.
6. Roy / work with electrical things.
7. Ralph / work in reception at a hotel.
8. Anna / look after people’s teeth.
123
Set 3
It’s time for work
Пора работать
21. Узнайте, сколько сейчас времени.
Ask and tell the time.
Example:
What’s the time?
It’s a quarter past ten.
two o’clock
three o’clock
Глядя на стрелки следующего ряда часов, уточните время.
22. Look at these clocks.
a) Speak about Rod Wilkin’s usual day.
Remember!
to get up – вставать
to leave for work – уходить на работу
a gym [im ] – спортивный зал
to go to bed – ложиться спать
Example:
6.20
get up
Rod gets up at 6.20 in the morning
6.40
run round the park and walk the dog
7.55
have breakfast and read the newspaper
8.15
leave for the office
9.0
start work
124
16.30
17.45
18.10
19.50
23.00
finish work and go to the gym
come back home
go out for a beer
watch television
go to bed
b) Ask questions about Rod’s routine:
What time does he get up?
What does he do before breakfast?
c) What time do you do these things?
d) Ask your partner about it.
e) Sum up the information about your friend’s usual day.
Example:
Alex says* (that) he goes to the library after classes.
* Обратите внимание на разницу в употреблении глаголов “say” и “tell” в
значении говорить, сказать;
Rosa says
she wants a new coat.
Rosa tells
me
she wants a new coat.
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
23.
Listening “Summer work”.
a) Read the advertisement below.
WANTED (Требуется)
Young person wanted for summer work
in Student Services office at language school in
York. Phone Keith on (01904) 2 28513
Roy is phoning Keith about the job in the newspaper.
Note!
to be of use – пригодиться
by the way – между прочим
a driving license [laisən s] – водит. права
125
a salary – зарплата
quite important – довольно важный
to go on a trip – отправиться в поездку
b) Listen to the first part of their conversation, look at the chart*
and answer.
* a chart – график, таблица
What does Keith want to know about Roy?
What information does Roy give him?
Keith’s questions
………………………….a student?
……………..…….knows the city?
……………………………….age?
…………………speaks languages?
…………………….…plays sports?
…plays any musical instruments?
…………………………..has a car?
Roy’s answers
....................................
....................................
....................................
...................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
c) Listen to the second part of the conversation, look at the
chart and answer.
What does Roy want to know about the job?
What information does Keith give him?
Roy’s questions
……………………hours of work?
……………..…busy at weekends?
…………………working months?
………………………...the salary?
Keith’s answers
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
d) Listen to the whole of the dialogue and practise it in pairs.
24. Read the following information.
Remember!
Note!
126
the world [w E:ld ] – мир
daily routine [ru:ti:n] – распорядок дня
Daily routines around the world
In Austria children go to school at half past seven in the morning.
In Germany people go to work between seven and nine in the
morning.
In Holland people start work at eight in the morning and finish work at five in the afternoon.
In Greece children start work at eight and finish at onethirty
or start at two and finish at seven in the evening.
In France people have lunch at midday.
In Spain people have lunch at three or four o’clock in the afternoon.
In the USA people finish work at five in the afternoon.
In Norway people have dinner at five in the afternoon.
In Spain people have dinner at ten or eleven in the evening.
In Your Culture
Ask your partner about the same things in Russia.
Say which statements (утверждения) are true for Russia.
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
25
интонацию.
Прочтите текст про себя и ответьте на следующий вопрос.
Is Sylvie a hardworking student? Why? / Why not?
Remember!
Note!
to have / take a shower [SaVq] – принять душ
to get (to) – добираться
exercise [eksqsaIz] – зарядка, упражнение
а subject – предмет
I don’t go to bed until 11 – я ложусь спать
не раньше 11
to be up – быть на ногах
early – рано
127
My Working Day
Hello. My name’s Sylvie Clark. I’m a
student of a medical school in London. My
working day begins at 6.30 and it usually
begins with exercise. I go out and run
about my house twenty times. After a
shower and a cup of coffee I sometimes
watch “Good morning Britain” on TV.
The programme starts at 7 o’clock and
finishes at 9 o’clock but I never watch it
to the very end – there isn’t time.
I live in Kent and get to London every weekday on the 8 a.m.*
train. The train is very busy in the mornings.
At midday my friends and I go to a cafe´ for lunch. At 1 p.m.
we have our English class. After that we study anatomy. English
and anatomy are my favourite subjects.
In the evenings I talk with my parents and do my homework. I
don’t go to bed until 11 o’clock. And I’m up again early next morning.
* a.m. – сокращённая форма от латинского antimeridian (до полудня)
p.m. – post meridian (после полудня)
26. Tasks.
a) Answer the question before the text.
b) Ask your partner about Sylvie’s everyday routine.
1. Does she get up at 7.30? Ask “What time?”
2. Does she have a bath? Ask “What?”
3. Ask your partner what Sylvie has for breakfast.
4. Does the girl watch any films on TV? Ask “What pro
gramme?”
5. Does Sylvie live in the suburbs of London? Ask “Where?”
6. Does she get to London by car? Ask “How?”
7. Does she have lunch after or between classes? Ask “What
time?”
8. Does she like to study chemistry? Ask “What subject(s)?”
9. Does the girl go out on weekdays? Ask “Why? / Why not?”
128
c) On your own.
Speak about your daily routine.
Text B
27. Прочитайте текст бегло про себя и найдите в нём ответы
на поставленные после текста вопросы.
Note!
to look after sb – ухаживать за кемл.
Royal – королевский
to prepare [prIpeq] – подготовить (заранее)
to feed – кормить
to sleep – спать
a consultation – консультация
to come back – вернуться
The Royal Couple
(Madame Tussaud’s)
A Day in the Life of the Queen
Queen Elizabeth II gets up at 7 o’clock, has a cup of tea and
reads “The Times”. Seven people look after her. One starts her
bath, one prepares her clothes, and one feeds the Royal dogs. She
has eight or nine dogs, and they sleep in their own bedroom near
the Queen’s bedroom.
At 8 o’clock she listens to BBC news and has breakfast with
Prince Philip. After the Queen reads personal letters she has a
business consultation with Private Secretary and works at some
documents.
At 1 o’clock the Queen has a quick lunch and at 2 o’clock
leaves the Palace to open a new hospital. At 4.45 she comes back to
Buckingham Palace and works in her office. At 5.30 she has the
final meeting with her Private Secretary.
In the evening she has dinner with Prince Philip and a group
of businessmen. At 10 she watches TV news and telephones some
of the Royal Family just to see if all is well.*
At about 11 she goes to bed.
* just to see if all is well – просто убедиться, всё ли в порядке
129
28. Tasks.
a) Answer these questions.
What does Queen Elizabeth do in the morning? / in the afternoon? / in the evening?
b) Прочтите следующие утверждения. Восстановите
последовательность изложения фактов в тексте.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
At 1 o’clock the Queen has a quick lunch and at 2 o’clock
leaves the Palace.
In the evening she has dinner with Prince Philip and a
group of businessmen.
At 8 o’clock the Queen listens to BBC news and has break
fast.
At 4.45 she comes back to Buckingham Palace.
Queen Elizabeth gets up at 7 o’clock, has a cup of tea and
reads “The Times”.
At 5.30 she has the final meeting with her Private
Secretary.
At about 11 she goes to bed.
c) Do you remember?
– How many people look after the Queen?
– How many dogs are there in the Palace?
– What kinds of people does the Queen meet?
– Does she often phone any of the Royal Family?
d) Найдите в каждом абзаце одно(два предложения,
которые можно опустить как несущественные.
e) Do British people like their “royals”? Think and say why:
– because they are rich and famous;
– because they have a good family life;
– because the Queen often speaks on TV;
– because she meets people, visits schools and opens
hospitals;
– because she’s a symbol of Britain’s long history.
130
In Your Country
Who is Head of State (глава государства) in your country?
Do you often read about the “first family” in newspapers?
Do you often see them on TV?
29. Roleplay.
You’re a famous person (a sportsman / an actor / a TV presenter / a journalist etc.).
a) Interview each other about your
routines.
b) Tell the class about a day in your
life. The other students are trying to
guess your profession.
get up at…
drink champagne
eat…for breakfast
go to the gym
have lunch with…
wear…
30. Roleplay the game on page 113.
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 7
1. Сделайте правильный выбор из двух подчёркнутых слов.
Example: “Is this her / hers car?” “No, her / hers is white.”
“Is this her car?” “No, hers is white.”
1. “Is this room your / yours?” “Yes, it’s my / mine.”
2. That’s not my / mine raincoat. My / mine is yellow.
3. They have two children. What are their / theirs names?
4. It’s their / theirs problem, not our / ours.
131
2. Задайте правильно вопрос. Начните с вопросительных
слов What…? Whose…? How…?
Example:
Is his hair black? Brown? Grey?
What colour is his hair?
1. Are you 20 years old? 21? 22?
2. Is the door red? Blue? Yellow?
3. Are these shoes size 39/ 40? 41?
4. Is it Monday? Tuesday? Wednesday?
5. Is your suit size 38? 40? 42?
6. Are these trousers yours? His? Mine?
7. Is this the Volvo? The Ford? The Cadillac?
3. Употребите глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в соответст(
вующей форме.
1. She (have) many friends in Moscow?
2. He (be) an intelligent man?
3. I (like) music and pictures.
4. She (not / play) tennis very well.
5. They (live) in Bristol?
6. My friend (work) at an office.
7. He (travel) to the Ministry by car. He (not / walk) much.
4. Задайте вопросы с вопросительными словами:
Where / What / How / When……………?
Example:
I wash my car once a week (how often / you)
How often do you wash your car?
1. I live in Madrid. (where / you)……………………………………….?
2. I watch TV every day. (how often / you)……………………………?
3. I have lunch at home. (where / you)…………………………………?
4. I get up at 7.30. (what time / you)……………………………………?
5. I go to the cinema a lot. (how often / you)……………………………?
6. I read newspapers in the evening. (when / you)……………………..?
132
5. Вставьте пропущенные глаголы “say” или “tell”.
Example:
She says she wants to send a parcel
to her parents.
1. I have a lot to ______ him on the phone.
2. When you see them, don’t forget to ______ hello to Mary.
3. Please, ______ us your telephone number.
4. They ______ Jack’s father is ill again.
5. Efie often ______ me some interesting things.
6. It’s too hot in July. ______ Ralph to take a holiday in June.
7. People ______ Robert and Laura have got a new house.
8. ______ him not to play three sets of tennis.
6. Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык. Воспользуйтесь устойчивыми сочетаниями сущест(
вительных с предлогами в таблице.
at
on
in
home / school / college / work
the bus stop / the hotel
the doctor’s / my parents’ (house)
TV / the programme
hospital (лежать) в больнице
the photo / the picture
1. Стефано – итальянец. Он говорит поанглийски.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Сегодня мы хотим обедать дома. Приготовьте нам,
пожалуйста, рыбу.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. – В котором часу начинаются занятия в университете? –
Обычно в 9 утра.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
133
4. – На фотографии твоя сестра в красивом платье. Она носит
его на работу?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. – Как часто вы оставляете ребёнка у родителей? – На каждый
выходной.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. – Он сейчас у врача? – Нет, он находится в больнице.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. – В нашем кинотеатре сегодня новый фильм. – Вы часто
проводите время вне дома? – Раз в неделю.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
134
Word List (Unit 7)
A
after
always
anatomy
another
Arabic
I
B
L
interview
J
jacket
jeans
lady
like
look for
before
billiards
boots
C
champagne
D
disco
dress
E
M
medical
music
N
never
news
newspaper
exercise
O
F
often
orange
favourite
P
G
get (to)
get up
get out
golf
green
gym
personal
phrase
piano
pianist
pink
prince
H
have a shower
135
Q
T
quarter
R
red
relax
rest
S
shirt
shoes
shorts
size
smoke
sometimes
start
striped
suit
sweater
television
Thames
T shirt
trousers
try on
twice a week
U
usually
W
walk
watch TV
wear
white
Y
yellow
yoga
UNIT 8
WHERE WOULD YOU
LIKE TO EAT?
Где вы хотите поесть?
ФОНЕТИКА
Дифтонг [q V ].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Оборот “would like (to do sth)”
для выражения предпочтений.
Наречия much, little, a little.
Специальные вопросы типа:
How much…?
Отрицательная форма повелитель,
ного наклонения.
Как сказать?
Я бы хотел…
Мне бы хотелось…
См. Приложение, с. 264
Study unit 8 and roleplay.
Вы находитесь в московском ресторане. Обcудите заказ со
своим зарубежным коллегой.
You
Сообщите гостю, что в этом
ресторане фирменное блюдо –
рыбный суп.
Узнайте, какой
салат ваш коллега хотел бы
заказать к бифштексу.
Your partner
Признайтесь, что очень
любите руcские супы.
Добавьте, что англичане
включают в меню суп
только зимой.
Ответьте, что салат может
быть любой. Что касается
137
бифштекса, вы предпочи'
таете хорошо прожарен'
ный.
Скажите, что хотите вы на
второе блюдо. Спросите у гостя,
какое заказать вино.
Cкажите, что вместо вина
вы бы хотели бутылочку
минеральной воды.
Выскажите свои
предпочтения.
Section I
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. При чтении слов в правой колонке проследите, какому
буквосочетанию в левой колонке соответствует произносимый
дифтонг [qV].
Дифтонг [qV]. Повторение и обобщение
o в открытом слоге hope, motor, ocean, denote, compose
oa
soap, coat, load, coachman, approach
ow в конце слов flow – flown, grow – grown – growth,
slow, narrow, window, Moscow
Исключение: how, now, allow [aV]
o + l(l)
enroll, stroll, swollen, wholly, control
o + ld/lt
told, gold, threshold, bolt, revolt
o + st
host, post, ghost, most, impost
ou + ld/lt
soul, mould, poultry, shoulder
o + др. согласные comb, both, only, soldier, won’t, don’t
ough
dough, though, although
Редкие сочетания sew, brooch, owe
2. Прочитайте следующие пословицы и четверостишия.
Помимо интонации, cледите за тем, чтобы второй элемент
дифтонга [qV] не удлинялся.
All roads lead to Rome.
138
Все дороги ведут в Рим.
A /tree | is known by its fruit. Дерево познаётся по плодам.
All is not /gold that glitters. Не всё золото, что блестит.
Don’t play with fire.
Не играй с огнём.
/
Don’t trouble trouble | until Не буди лиха, пока спит
trouble | troubles you.
тихо.
The Wise Old /Owl [aVl]
Sat in an oak.
The more he /heard,
The less he spoke.
The less he /spoke –
The more he heard.
Follow the e/xample |
Of the old wise bird.
Robert Rowley | rolled a round roll round.
A round /roll | Robert Rowley rolled round.
Where is the round /roll |
Robert Roley | rolled round?
3. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите их на русский язык.
Soup, toast, diet, fruit, salad, menu, object, record, the
United Kingdom, packet, pound, penny, pence, mineral, practical,
sandwich, banana, biscuit, chocolate, yogurt, idea, Egypt,
Egyptian, fanatic, tomato.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Talking about preferences
Выражение предпочтений
4. Выскажите своё пожелание в вежливой форме.
Remember!
cheese [Ci:z] – сыр
water [wLtq] – вода
Example:
I’d like a banana.
a cake
some salad
some soup [su:p]
some mineral water
a cup of coffee
a cheese toast
139
“I'd like (would like) to do sth”
употребляется для выражения
предпочтений:
“Would you like some tea now?”
(Do you want some tea?)
“Yes, I would. / No, thank you.”
Сравните данный оборот с
глаголом “to like” –
нравиться: “Do you like tea?”
(Do you think tea is nice?)
“Yes, I do.”
Covent Garden
Cultural Note
Covent [kPvqnt] Garden is an area of London once (когда'то)
famous for its fruit and vegetable market. Now there are expensive but popular shops and eating places there.
4а. Ответьте на предложение вашего коллеги таким
образом.
Example:
go to the Odeon
practise sports
Would you like to go out for dinner?
Yes, I would. Yes, I’d love to.
have a party
go to the theatre
visit some friend
walk in Covent Garden
5.
Listening.
а) Listen and practise this dialogue.
Remember!
an* ice'cream [aIsk ri:m] – мороженое
fruit [fru:t] – фрукты
a piece [pi:s] – кусок
* Здесь неопределённый артикль перед неисчисляемым существительным
означает одну порцию. Сравните: a beer, two omelet(te)s, four salads.
Note!
140
on a diet – на диете
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
Please, come in.
Thank you.
Please, sit down. Would you like a cup of tea?
Yes, please.
How about a piece of cake?
No, thanks. I’m on a diet.
b) Roleplay similar conversations with the following words.
a biscuit [bIskIt]
a sandwich [s n w i ]
an ice'cream
a banana
an apple
a fruit salad
6. Посмотрите в свою записную книжку и обсудите с
коллегой, куда можно сходить после работы. Используйте идеи
из колонки справа.
Mon: go shopping
Remember!
to take a photo – сделать снимок
instead [Insted] – вместо этого
Tue: come to my house
Wed: play cards
Thur: take photos
Fri: visit a museum
Sat: go to a cafe´
Sun: see a new film
Example:
Would you like to eat at McDonalds on Monday?
Why don’t we see a new film instead?
That’s a good idea.
7.
Listening.
a) Listen and answer.
When is the party?
Is the girl busy on that day?
a party [pa:tI] – вечеринка
really [rIqlI] – действительно
thanks anyway [enI, weI] – в любом случае, спасибо
What a pity! – Какая жалость!
perhaps [qhxps] – может быть
Remember!
Note!
141
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
Would you like to come to a party?
Well, I’d like to…but when is it?
On Saturday evening.
What a pity. I’m busy on Saturday.
What are you doing?
I’m working on the computer.
Really? Another time perhaps?
Yes, thanks anyway.
b) Listen once again and practise this dialogue.
c) Roleplay similar conversations with the following words:
a picnic
a lecture
a football match
a pop concert
Set 2
a cocktail party
a pub
Food, Drink and Money
Продукты питания и деньги
8. Спросите у собеседника, сколько
у него в холодильнике продуктов.
How much food?
(+)
much,
a lot of много
Example:
(±)
A. Have you got much milk in your fridge?*
a little немного
* Fridge (frig) – сокращённая форма от слова “refrigerator”.
(–)
little мало
B. Yes, a lot.
C. Just a little.
D. No, not much.**
E. There’s (very) little.
** Наречие “much” чаще всего встречается
в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях,
в то время как “a lot” – в утвердительных: They haven’t
got much money, but they ‘ve got a lot of friends.
Неисчисляемые
существительные
milk
sugar
chocolate
orange juice
yogurt [`jPgqt]
9. Подберите из списка слова, соответствующие рисункам.
142
Milk, chewing gum, chocolate, sugar, salt, beer, сheese, cola.
a) Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык.
A SHOPPING LIST
Исчисляемые
существительные
a carton
a packet
a can
a piece
a kilo
a bottle
a bar
of
Неисчисляемые
существительные
milk
chewing gum
beer
cheese
sugar / salt
cola
chocolate
b) Buy some products from your shopping list. Work with a partner.
What do you want to buy?
Remember!
to buy [baI] – покупать
Example:
Would you like some* mineral water?
Yes, please. I’d like a bottle of water.
* В вопросах, выражающих вежливую форму, употребляется неопределенное местоимение “some”.
143
10. You’re in the Sherlock Holmes Pub in Baker Street.
Cultural Note
Pubs are part of British life. Even very
small villages (деревни) have a pub. People,
mostly men, go to the pub for a drink in the
evening and at weekends. Pubs often sell
(продавать) food and drinks. Pubs have
names: “The Angel”, “The Black Swan”, “The
Crown”, “The King’s Arms”, “The Red Lion”.
Remember!
a roll [rqVl] – булочка
ham [hxm] – ветчина
chicken [tSIkIn] – курица
crisps [krIsps] – хрустящий картофель
a pot [pPt] – чайник с заваренным чаем (кофе)
a) Find some of the food on the menu and ask your partner
about the price.
Example:
How much is a chicken sandwich and a small cola?
3.40.**
**
3.40 = three pounds forty;
1 (one pound) = 100p (a hundred pence)
Menu
FOOD
DRINKS
Sandwich Roll Salad
Ham….....
2.10
2.00
3.15
Tea…….…… 1.40 a pot
Cheese.....
2.25
2.05
3.40
65p a cup
Chicken.....
2.50
2.30
3.50
Coffee……… 1.70 a pot
Soup o
f t h e day……... 2.15
80p a cup
Biscuits……… 95p a packet
Hot chocolate…..…. 1 30
Cakes…… 80p each chocolate/lemon/fruit
Orange juice……..
1.50 a
glass
Yogurt……… 85p natural / fruit
Cola………… 1.20 a large glass
Crisps………
75p a packet
90p a small glass
Mineral water………75p a bottle
144
b) Study the menu. Ask your partner
– about the dish of the day;
– what he’d like to order / to eat.
с) Read and practise this short dialogue.
Remember!
a dish [d iʃ] – еда, блюдо, кушанье
for the first / second course [k ɔ :s] – на первое / на второе
for dessert [d izE:t] – на десерт
A. What would you like for your first course?
B. I’d like some salad.
A. What sort of salad would you like?
B. What is there?
A. There’s green salad and tomato salad.
B. I’d like tomato salad, please.
d) Ask in the same way about sandwiches / drinks / desserts.
e) Roleplay.
You’re at table in a restaurant. Today is your friend’s birthday.
Look at the menu above and ask him what he/she’d like to order.
Use the following words.
Cheers! – За здоровье! (тост)
Happy birthday! – С днём рождения!
11.
Listening "What do they call it?"
a) Listen to the dialogue and answer.
What are these people’s nationalities?
Why do you think so?
Remember!
medicine [m ed sin] – лекарство
Cultural Note!
High Street is an important shopping and business street of a
town in Great Britain. For example:
145
There are several banks in the high street.
b) Listen to the conversation a second time and write the British
for these words. Explain their meaning.
AmE
a bill
pants
potato
ships
a parking lot
a drugstore
fried potatoes
main street
BrE
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
c) What sorts of fried potatoes are on sale in Great Britain?
12. Game “How Healthy Are You”?
Note!
health – здоровье
healthy – здоровый
at least – по крайней мере
on foot – пешком
rarely – редко
Задание 1. Подчеркните a, b или c.
How do you usually get to work?
Do you smoke?
How often do you practise sports?
How much tea and coffee do you
drink?
a – by car
b – on foot
c – by bus, tube or train
a – every day
b – sometimes
c – rarely
a – often
b – sometimes
c – rarely
a – not at all
b – less than*
five cups a day
146
How often do you exercise?
Do you eat fresh fruit and salads?
How many hours do you sleep every
night?
How often do you eat cakes?
When do you normally go to bed?
c – at least five
cups a day
a – every day
b – sometimes
c – never
a – every day
b – sometimes
c – rarely
a – at least seven or eight
b – five or six
c – four or less
a – very often
b – sometimes
c – very rarely
a – at 10.30 p.m.
b – at midnight
c – after midnight
* less than – менее, чем
Задание 2.
Подсчитайте свои очки. За каждую букву “a” даётся 3 очка, за
букву “b” – 2 очка и за букву “c” – 1 очко.
1. More than* 25 marks: You’re a
health fanatic. You may live to be 100.
2. 20'25 marks: You’re in good form.
You get the most out of life.**
3. 15'20 marks: Not bad, but why don’t
you buy a pair of shorts instead of eating
that cake?
4. Less than 15 marks: Oh, dear!***
Eat to live but not live to eat!
* more than – более, чем
** You get the most out of life – вы получаете от жизни всё.
*** Oh, dear! – О боже! (воскл.)
147
13. How to keep fit? Как сохранить здоровье?
Remember! meat [mi:t] – мясо
сream [kri:m] – сливки
a) Tell your partner not to eat these things.
Example:
Don’t eat heavy food!
heavy food
fatty meat
fast food
too many eggs
macaroni
potatoes
ice'cream
sweets
b) On your own.
Отрицательная форма
повелительного
наклонения
выражает предупреждение,
запрет и образуется для
2'го лица единственного и
множественного числа
с помощью don't:
Don’t eat too fast, please!
What do you do to be fit?
How often do you take exercise?
How many sports do you do?
Section III
Do you eat the right food?
What do you eat a lot of?
What don’t you eat?
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
14.
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочитайте текст про себя и найдите в нём ответы на
поставленные после текста вопросы.
Remember!
148
a break [breIk] – перерыв
a meal [mi:l] – еда, приём пищи
far [fQ:] – далеко
main – основной, главный
to stay [steI] – оставаться
Have a Break!
The busy time of the day for London’s cafe´s and pubs is from
twelve to two, when everything stops for lunch. Most people who
work in London get a break of about an hour for lunch. Lunch is
the midday meal. As some people live too far from work to go back
for lunch, thеу еat at any cafe´ or pub near their office.
Many people have a two'course lunch. This midday meal is
usually a three'course meal in winter and begins with soup. Meat
or fish with some vegetables is the main course. One of the vegetables is always potato. There are, of course, other vegetables in this
season. Fruit is the sweet course. Many people drink a cup of tea
or coffee after their lunch.
Those who have a full meal when they come home usually stay
at the office for lunch. They have sandwiches, and perhaps an
apple, and a cup of tea or coffee with biscuit to finish. If the
weather is fine, they always go to the park or square and eat their
sandwiches there.
15. Tasks
a) Practise asking and answering questions.
1. Do most people have lunch in town? Ask “ Why? / Why not?”
2. Is English lunch normally a three'course meal? Ask “How
many?”
3. Is lunch in winter the same as in summer? Ask “What …like?”
4. Does the midday meal always begin with vegetables? Ask
your partner about winter time.
149
5. Do meat and fish go with rice? Ask “What?”
6. Does a British have an ice'cream for dessert? Ask “What?”
7. Do Londoners eat their sandwiches outside in fine weather?
Ask “Where?”
b) Sum up the information about lunch in the United Kingdom.
In Your Culture
Is lunch also popular in Russia? Why? / Why not?
When do Russians get a break for meals?
Where do people go for lunch?
What’s food like in Russia?
What sort of lunch do Russians have in winter? / in
summer?
Where do people eat fast food?
They say sandwiches are bad for our health. Is it so?
16. Roleplay “Where would you like to eat?”
You’re working in Great Britain. Today you’re having a meeting
with your business partner. It’s nearly lunchtime.
1.
2.
3.
Your partner’s a VIP (the firm pays for lunch).
You need a small quiet place to talk over business.
Your partner doesn’t like big meals at lunch time; you’d
like a sandwich and a drink.
a) Read the following information and say what is special about
each of these pubs.
150
KINGS HEAD
Small quiet pub.
Good beer.
Sandwiches only.
BLACK BULL
Big noisy pub.
Great sandwiches.
Informal and trendy.
MAMMA MIA
Italian only –
cheap, noisy, mostly
young people.
Fantastic food.
LA FORTUNA
The best in town.
Expensive – Quiet
Impressive service.
Excellent food.
b) Try to choose (выбрать) a pub together. Use these phrases.
Well, we want …, don’t we?
I don’t really want … .
How about you?
I don’t mind. Я не возражаю.
I leave it to you. Вам решать.
Text B
17. Прочтите следующее интервью и скажите, какая
информация оказалась для вас новой.
Remember!
bread [bred] – хлеб
to feel [fi:l] – чувствовать, ощущать
a department store [dIpa:tmqnt] – универмаг
many kinds of food – всякие продукты
Note!
a customer – покупатель
a ton [tAn] – тонна
ago – тому назад
on average – в среднем
sales – распродажа
to spend – тратить
151
Svetlana is a Russian journalist. She’s interviewing Paul
Lucks, an assistant at Harrods.
Harrods
S.
Harrods is a very expensive
department store.
Tell me, Peter, why is it so
popular in the UK?
P.
Well, Harrods is famous for
its Food Hall and Egyptian
Hall. People come to Harrods,
just to see them.
S.
What is special about the Food
Hall?
P.
It sells many different kinds
of food. For example, it has
250 kinds of cheese from all
over the world, and more than
180 kinds of bread and
London. Harrods.
pastry.
Customers
also
love
all
the different kinds of chocolate. They buy 100 tons every
year.
S.
That’s interesting! And why is the Egyptian Hall
so famous?
P.
Well, when people see it, they feel they’re in another
world.
It looks like an Egyptian building from 4,000 years
ago and
it sells beautiful objects. They’re not 4,000 years old,
of
course.
S.
Tell me, how many customers do you have on an average
day, and how much do they spend?
P.
About 30,000 people come on an average day. But during
the sales the number is 300,000 customers a day. How
much do they spend? Well, on average, customers spend about
1.5 million a day. The record for one day is 9 million.
18. Tasks
a) Answer the question before the interview.
152
b) How much do you remember?
– How many kinds of cheese / bread and pastry does Harrods
sell?
– How old does the Egyptian Hall look like?
– How many customers does the store have on an average
day?
/ during the sales?
– How much do shoppers spend a day?
– What is the record for one day?
c) Прочтите данные утверждения и определите, какие из
них соответствуют содержанию текста.
1.
2.
A big department store sells practically all you need.
British people do not think about clothes very much. They
just like to be comfortable.
3.
Baker Street is a busy place. That’s why Harrods is full of
shoppers all day long.
4.
During the sales the number of customers is 30,000 a day.
5.
Tastes in food and clothes are international. So, a lot of
tourists visit Harrods.
6.
Customers walk from one department to another looking at
different kinds of goods.
In Your Country
Are there any big department stores in Russia?
Where are they?
Why is GUM popular with Russians?
What are GUM’s best'selling goods?
19. Roleplay the game on p.137. Use the following words:
“well<done” (хорошо прожаренный)
the speciality of the restaurant (фирменное блюдо)
153
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 8
1. Вместо точек вставьте пропущенные наречия:
many / much
1. Are there ______ food halls in Harrods?
2. There’s not ______ petrol in his car.
3. Buy some more cheese. There isn’t ______ in the fridge.
4. “How ______ goods are there on sale in your shop?”
“There’re not ______.”
few / little
5. “Let’s drink some yogurt.” “But we haven’t got much of
it.
There’s very ______ at home.”
6. “How many mistakes are there in your dictation?” “Not
many. Today there are very ______ ”
7. “How much mineral water is there in the bottle?” “Oh,
there’s very ______.”
8. Mr. Jackson sells a lot of English books but ______
Russian
magazines.
2. Закончите следующие
подходящую форму глаголов
предложения,
используя
have / have got
1. On Sundays my parents stay at home and ______ a lovely
time watching TV.
2. Ask the waiter what kinds of pasta they ______ for the se'
cond course.
3. You ______ your father’s nose and mouth.
4. ______ Sharon ever ______ lunch at a cafe´?
5. “Are you ______ a bath?” “No, not a bath. I’m ______ a
shower.”
6. “What do you want to do?” “I want ______ a small break.”
3. Задайте вопросы к подчёркнутым словам, используя
данные вопросительные слова.
When? How? What? How many / much/ often? What time?
154
1. There are two kinds of buses in London.
2. They practise sports every morning.
3. We say goodbye to our friends when we leave.
4. My niece never forgets to water flowers.
5. Muscovites usually travel by public transport.
6. Tom sleeps very little. He normally goes to bed after mid'
night and gets up at 6 o’clock.
4. Задайте вопросы к прямому дополнению.
1. We’re watching an interesting programme on TV.
2. Mr. Green always helps his wife about the house.
3. He’d like another cup of coffee for lunch.
4. I never fix my car.
5. They are feeding their dog.
6. We seldom wash the windows in our flat.
5. Задайте вопросы к предложному дополнению.
1. I practise English with a friend of mine.
2. The Gables go on holiday with their children.
3. John is phoning for a taxi.
4. She is speaking about that wonderful TV show.
5. My grandfather tells us about his life.
6. Students often listen to BBC on the radio.
6. При переводе данного упражнения используйте наречия:
much / many / (a) little / (a) few
1. Зубной врач говорит, что я ем слишком много сладкого.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. – Кем хочет стать их сын? – Пианистом.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
155
3. – У меня есть при себе немного денег. Сколько пачек сигарет
вы хотите купить? – Мне нужно несколько. – Вы слишком
много курите.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. – Зимой на улице много снега? – Да, довольно много.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Ей бы хотелось сделать несколько фотографий Национального
музея, но у неё мало свободного времени.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Большинство детей любят молоко и пьют его много.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. Генри хочет заказать несколько бутербродов с ветчиной и два
чайника чая.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Word List (Unit 8)
A
a little
B
banana
bar
156
C
biscuit
bottle
bread
break
buy
can
carton
Cheers!
cheese
chicken
chocolate
Covent Garden
cream
crisps
D
department store
dessert
diet
dish
M
main
meal
meat
menu
milk
mineral
much
T
take a photo
toast
W
water
Y
yogurt
O
object
F
far
feel
for the first course
fruit
P
packet
party
piece
pot
H
ham
Happy birthday!
Harrods
have a break
R
really
record
roll
I
S
ice'cream
idea
instead
K
kilo
kind
salad
sandwich
sell
soup
stay
sugar
157
UNIT 9
WORK AND LEISURE
Работа и досуг
ФОНЕТИКА
Редукция гласных в предударном и послеударном слогах.
Дифтонг [eI].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Специальные вопросы к
подлежащему и дополнению.
Модальные глаголы can, may.
Относительные местоимения who, that, which.
Как спросить?
Вы умеете …?
Могу я вас попросить …?
Cм. Приложение, с. 265
Study unit 9 and roleplay.
You’re talking to an American partner who is especially interested in
different hobbies. Mr. Rogers wants to know what Russians usually
do at weekends.
You
Поясните, что иногда есть
домашние дела, но в сво'
бодное время вы
выезжаете на дачу.
Mr. Rogers
Попросите вашего собеседника
рассказать, чем он занимается
в выходные дни.
Узнайте, где находится
дача – под Москвой?
(за пределами Москвы).
Ответьте, что многие вла'
деют дачами под Москвой.
Расскажите, что вы с семьей
выезжаете из Москвы
в пятницу, а возвращаетесь
Расспросите, увлекаются ли
в понедельник утром.
в семье спортом.
Объясните, что русская зима
158
долгая, и вы наслаждаетесь
зимними видами спорта.
Даже маленькие дети умеют
кататься на коньках и
на лыжах. Это для них забава.
Согласитесь. Признайтесь, что
вам нравится смотреть хоккей
по телевизору.
Section I
Проявите интерес.
Заметьте, что особенно
популярен сейчас хоккей.
Поблагодарите г'на Род'
жерса за приятную
беседу.
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. При чтении слов в таблице помните о том, что в
предударном и послеударном слогах длительность гласного
сокращается.
Редукция гласных в предударном и послеударном слогах
e, i, y – [I]
Предударный слог resume, invent,
Заударный слог
a*, o, u – [q]
decide, mistake,
create, hysteric
address, collect,
success, alone,
correct, suppress
biggest, music,
happy, classes,
longing, Egypt
comma, bottom,
minus, sofa,
pilot, focus
* Гласная “a” в послеударном открытом слоге читается как [I]: climate,
damage, savage, usage.
2. Прочтите слова из правой колонки таблицы. Проследите,
какому буквосочетанию в левой колонке соответствует дифтонг
[eI].
159
Дифтонг [eI]. Повторение и обобщение
[eI]
а (в откр. слоге)
ea
bacon, lazy, April, escape, parade
break, great, steak, beefsteak,
daybreak
ai*
aid, rail, waist, contain, campaign
ay*
way, stay, essay, decay, portray
ey*
eigh
редкие сочетания
they, grey, obey, convey, survey
eight, freight, weigh, weight,
neighbour
veil, reign, straight, ballet, buffet
* В неударном положении диграфы ai, ay, ey произносятся как [I]: captain,
fountain, holiday, money, trolley.
3. При чтении следующих фраз и стихотворений обратите
внимение на интонацию.
can stay, can skate, can’t be have, can’t es cape, can take the
briefcase, can bake a cake
Never put it off till
to /morrow | what you
can do to day.
Никогда не откладывай
на завтра то, что можно
сделать сегодня.
There can be no /friendship |
where there is no freedom.
Нет дружбы без свободы.
Mix a /pancake, | stir a /pancake, |
Pop it in а pan.
Try the /pancake, | toss the /pancake, |
Catch it if you can.
4. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Hobby, poem, motorcross, politics, western, windsurfing,
Latin, athlete, athletic, cricket, rugby, garage, jazz, aspirin,
160
activity, camping, teenager, history, global, gallery, gymnastics,
antique, classic(al), cottage, tradition, , delegation, mission,
hockey, Olympic, fan.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Talking about Likes and Dislikes
Наши вкусы и привязанности
5. Посмотрите на схему и скажите, в чем особенности
построения вопросов к подлежащему и дополнению
likes
Eric Subject
Object
Who likes Janet?
Eric
does.
Janet
Whom does Eric like?
He
likes
Janet
Who loves whom? Look at the picture and answer
these questions.
Remember!
to dislike sb [d islaIk ] – недолюбливать кого'л.
to hate [h eIt] each other – ненавидеть друг друга
Examples:
Whom does Janet love?
Janet loves Eric.
Who loves Janet?
Philip does.
1. Whom does Eric love?
2. Who loves Eric?
3. Who dislikes Eric?
4. Whom does Eric dislike?
5. Who loves Alice?
161
6. Whom does Alice love?
7. Whom does Janet hate?
8. Who hates Janet?
9. How does Eric feel about Philip?
10. Does Philip feel the same about him?
11. Do Philip and Janet love each other?
6. How do you relax? What do you like doing in your free time?
Remember!
to collect [kqlekt] – коллекционировать
to paint [peInt] – рисовать, красить
to keep birds [bE:d] – держать птиц
a) Ask your partner about his hobby, like
this:
What’s your hobby?
Painting is my hobby. And yours?
Mine’s photography.
painting
doing yoga
playing tennis
collecting stamps
keeping pets / birds
playing computer games
snowboarding
doing motocross
ballroom dancing
listening to music
b) Make three lists of hobbies.
A
Things you like /
enjoy doing:
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
162
B
Things you don’t
mind doing:
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
C
Things you dislike /
don’t like doing:
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
c) Пользуясь составленными списками, расспросите
друзей, как они относятся к проведению разных видов досуга.
Example:
Do you like keeping pets?
Do you like writing letters?
Yes, I do.
Very much.
Yes, I love it.
No, I don’t.
Not very much.
No, I hate it.
d) Write a paragraph about some other student’s hobbies. Let
the class guess who it is about.
Examples:
He / she likes going to the cinema and doesn’t mind going
to the theatre, but he / she doesn’t like going to parties
very much.
Sum up the information and say:
Who’s similar to you?
Who’s different from you?
e) Расскажите о своих предпочтениях. Пусть ваш собеседник
выскажет альтернативное мнение.
Remember!
to think [θ iNk] – думать
to be interested [In trq stId] in sth – интересоваться чем'л.
boring [b ɔ :rIN] – скучный, скучно
It’s great fun – очень интересно, забавно
I love watching football.
Really? I don’t. I think it’s boring.
I don’t like shopping.
Really? I do. I think it’s great fun.
I’m interested in clothes.
163
f) Roleplay similar conversations about your hobbies.
7. Read what the film star, Clint Eastwood, does in his free time.
Remember!
politics [pPlItIks] –
политика
Clint likes doing a lot of things. He owns
a restaurant. When he isn’t working in films,
he plays golf.
Clint is also interested in politics. He
spends a lot of time with his family. His wife,
Dina Ruiz, is a TV reporter and Clint enjoys
talking to her about movies.* He’d certainly
like to make another western.
* movies – Am E for the cinema (the pictures)
a) Here are some answers to the text. Think of the questions.
1._________________________________________________ ?
Clint does.
2._________________________________________________ ?
A restaurant.
3._________________________________________________ ?
He’s interested in politics.
4. _________________________________________________ ?
Clint plays golf.
5. _________________________________________________ ?
With his family.
6. _________________________________________________ ?
She’s a TV reporter.
7. _________________________________________________ ?
About movies.
8. _________________________________________________ ?
Another western.
164
Set 2
Expressing Ability and Inability
Наши способности и возможности
8. Обратите внимание, как от прилагательных образуются
наречия и какое место занимают те и другие в предложении.
My friend is a
good player.
bad singer.
He
plays well.
sings badly.
Оцените таланты известных вам людей и поинтересуйтесь
мнением партнера.
Example:
I think Volochkova is a beautiful dancer.
What do you think?
I think so too.
She certainly is.
She dances beautifully.
good swimmer
fast driver
quick runner
good pianist
hard worker
polite speaker
Прилаг.наречие
bad – badly
quick – quickly
slow – slowly
(медленный)
hard – hard
late – late
early – early
fast – fast
good – well
9. Спросите своего собеседника, умеет ли он это делать.
Воспользуйтесь подсказками под моделью.
Example:
Can you write poems?
Yes, I can. Can you?
No, I can’t.
sing
take photos
act
use the Internet
cycle
speak Japanese
windsurf
read Latin texts
play tennis
operate the computer
run 10 kilometres
Модальный глагол "can"
I
He
She
It
You
We
They
(+)
can
[kqn]
swim.
(')
can't
[knt]
165
Sum up the information about your partner’s abilities.
Example:
Anthony can operate the computer but he can’t cook.
10. Read these mini<dialogues and dramatize similar conversations.
Remember!
to play chess [tSes] – играть в шахматы
to ski [sk i:] – кататься на лыжах
to skate [skeit] – кататься на коньках
Example:
Can Jack fix cars?
Of course he can. He fixes cars
every day. He’s a mechanic.
Richard / skate?
all of them / ski?
Sandra /use the Internet?
Remember!
Doris / take photos?
Harry / play chess ?
Richard / play golf?
to know [nə ] – знать
Example:
Do you know a person who* can teach English well?
David can.
No, he can’t. He can’t teach at all.
* Относительные местоимения who, which, that переводятся “который”.
Местоимение who употребляется, когда придаточное определяет одушевленное
существительное; which – когда речь идет о предметах и животных; that может
относиться к любому существительному и местоимению, как например: Charles lives
in a house which (that) is 200 years old.
Sally / run fast
Bob / fix cars
Mary / play chess
Simon / swim well
166
Ann / skate beautifully
John / speak many languages
Diana / make a good dinner
Sam / use a video camera
Set 3
Polite request
Вежливая просьба
11. Обратитесь к своему коллеге с вежливой просьбой.
Remember!
of course [PvkO:s] – конечно
to turn [tE:n] on – включить
to turn off – выключить
Can you spell the word for me, please?
Sure. / O.K. / Yes, of course. / Yes, certainly.
say that again
tell me the time
give me your umbrella
open the door / the window
turn on the cassette'player
turn off the cassette'player
12. Practise the following mini<dialogues. Use the words below
the models.
Remember!
That’s very kind of you – очень любезно с вашей стороны
to lend – давать взаймы
to do smb a favour [feivq] – оказывать кому'л. услугу
1.
May* I please use your pen
for a minute?
Sure. / You’re welcome.
That’s very kind of you.
2.
May* I please use your dictionary
for a minute?
Sorry, I haven’t got it right now.
Thanks anyway.
VCR
fax
glasses
magazine
telephone
Walkman
* Как и глагол can, модальный глагол may употребляется для выражения
вежливой просьбы и разрешения. В отличие от глагола сап, глагол may носит более
официальный характер.
167
3. (Use the words in the right column.)
A. Oh, Paul.
answer the phone for me
Can you do me a favour?
take these books away
B. Yes, certainly.
lend me your calculator
A. Can you post the letter for me?
meet me before work
meet me in the bar after work
B. Yes, of course.
13. What do you say in these situations?
Ask your partner what time you can watch your favourite
TV programme tonight.
You want to go to Sheremetyevo Airport* tomorrow, but
you don’t know how to get there.
You want to have a nice time at the weekend together with
a friend. What do you tell him/her?
You want to go out to eat tonight. Ask your colleague
where
you can have a good supper.
Ask your partner what things you can get in a library.
You don’t know where to buy stamps / a map / a camera /
newspapers.
You’re visiting a company and you want to use their
telephone.
* Обратите внимание на то, что перед названиями улиц, магазинов,
площадей, станций метро и аэропортов артикль не употребляется, например: Red
Square, Kennedy Airport, Old Street, Waterloo Station, Marks and Spencer.
14. Roleplay.
You’re working with a delegation from Canada. Do you know
how to act in these professional situations? Match them with the
cues below.
Note!
broken – сломанный
Oh, my colleague is ill!
The car is broken.
We don’t know where the hotel is!
I don’t understand the money here!
We’re late for the conference!
I’m so tired!
168
help you?
lift that big box?
take* you to a doctor? / a garage?
get you a drink? / an aspirin?
lend you some money?
take you to the conference? / the airport? / your hotel?
Can I
* Разница между bring/take и come/go зависит от того, где находится
говорящий. Take и go употребляются для обозначения движения от говорящего:
bring, come > here; take, go > there.
15. Complete the following telephone conversations with the
words from the box and practise these dialogues.
Note!
a message – сообщение, поручение
to connect sb with sb – соединить кого'н. с кем'н.
a wrong number – ошибочный, неверный номер
to phone sb back – перезвонить кому'л.
The caller is speaker В
A:
B:
A:
B:
Hello?
Hello. This is Rod. Can I talk to Steve, please?
He is not at home right now. Can I take a message?
Yes, please. Tell him to phone me back in the evening.
a) In these dialogues use: may I or can I.
+
take
leave
speak / talk*
help
*
Помните, что в отличие от глагола talk, глагол speak чаще употребляется в
официальной обстановке.
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Hello?
Hello. Is Dick there?
Yes, he is.
__________ to him?
Just a minute.
A:
B:
A:
Hello. Dean Black’s office.
________ to Dean Black?
May I ask who is calling?
169
B:
A:
Susan Abbott.
Just a moment, Ms. Abbott.
I’m connecting you.
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Hello?
Hello. __________ to Ann?
She’s not here right now.
Oh. __________ a message?
Certainly.
A:
B:
Hello?
Hi, this is Bruce.
________ to Lorna?
She’s not at home right now.
Can I __________
a message?
Yes, please. Tell her to phone
me back tomorrow.
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Hello?
Hello. ___________ to Jack?
Who?
Jack. Jack Butler.
There’s no one here by that name.
I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
Is that 221–3892?
No, it’s not.
Oh, I’m sorry.
That’s O.K.
b) Dramatize any of these dialogues.
170
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
16.
интонацию.
Прочитайте текст про себя и ответьте на следующий вопрос.
Are Nick and Teresa both sporty?
Remember!
a nurse [nE:s] – медсестра
especially [IspeSqlI] – особенно
to go by underground [Andqgraund] – ехать в метро
furniture fE:nitSq – мебель
Cultural Note
A terraced house is a two'storey house joined to the next one
in the row.
What Are They Interested In?
Nick is a photographer. He lives in a small terraced house in
South London. He goes to work by underground. He hasn’t got a
car. Nick doesn’t like sport at all. In his spare time he likes reading
and watching TV. His hobby is collecting antique furniture. He’s
also very interested in history.
Teresa is a nurse. She lives in a flat in Brighton. She works in
a hospital outside Brighton. She drives to work every day. Teresa’s
hobby is painting. She’s also interested in jazz and has got a big
171
collection of records. She likes sports very much, especially tennis.
17. Tasks.
a) Answer the question before the text.
b) Ask and answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
about Nick:
What does Nick do
for a living?
Does he live in a cottage
in South London?
Ask “Where?”
Does Nick travel to work
in his car?
Ask “Why not?”
Does he practise any
sports?
Ask “Why not?”
Has Nick a hobby?
Ask “What?”
Is he interested in
collecting stamps?
Ask “What?”
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
about Teresa:
1.
What does Teresa do
for a living?
Does she live in London?
Ask “Where?”
Does Teresa work in
Brighton?
Ask “Where?”
Does she drive
to work?
Ask “How often?”
What’s Teresa’s hobby?
Is she also interested
in classical music?
Ask “What?”
What is her special
interest?
Whose hobby do you like? Why?
18.
Listening “Sports around the world”.
a) Listen and practise saying these place names.
New Zealand
Czech Republic
South Wales
Australia
North Wales
Malaysia
b) Listen to the text and answer.
Which sports count in Britain?
172
Note!
to count – идти в счёт,
иметь значение
a case – случай
to be mad about sth –
быть влюблённым во что'л.
former – бывший, прежний
massive – зд. значительный
to stay up late – не ложиться спать
допоздна
Low Countries – Бенилюкс
c) Listen once again. Look at the chart and match the sports in
A with the countries in B.
A
rugby
football
hockey
cricket
baseball
cycling
swimming
badminton
B
Australia
the USA and some of Latin America
France, the Low Countries, Italy
New Zealand and South Wales
Malaysia
Britain and former British colonies
North Wales
Canada, Czech Republic, Russia
d) Sum up the information about the popularity of one kind of
sport for each country.
e) On your own.
Are you a sports fan?
Which sports do you play?
Which sports do you like watching?
Which sports really count in Russia?
Why do you think so?
173
Text В
19. Прочитайте текст бегло про себя и найдите в нем ответы
на поставленные после текста вопросы.
Note!
activity – деятельность, активность
a channel – канал
to get into the wild – выбраться на лоно природы
an animal – животное
to grow plants – выращивать растения
to mean – означать
Time off
What do people do with their time off? In both Britain and
America, people watch TV for many hours every week. Most
American cities have twenty or more TV channels. In Britain there
are four channels. For some people, time off means music and
dancing. In London and New York, one or two new discos open
every week.
Americans love to get out of town into the wild, and many
spend week'ends in the camping places of the 35 national parks.
Some spend time on outside activities like fishing and water'skiing.
British people enjoy gardening and doing jobs round the house.
A “hobby” is a special interest or activity that you do in your
time off. Some people have animals as hobbies, some grow rare
tropical plants, others spend their Saturdays and Sundays washing their car or their motorbike.
174
Children and teenagers are great collectors. They collect
stamps, or postcards, or matchboxes, or pictures of a favourite
footballer or pop star. Hobbies are a great British and American
tradition.
20. Tasks
a) Answer these questions.
1.
2.
3.
What is a very popular pastime in many homes in Great
Britain and America?
What outside activities do the people of these countries
spend time on?
What are the hobbies that different people enjoy?
b) Перечислите факты из текста, которые показались вам
интересными.
c) Определите, для какой из двух стран характерна
приведенная информация.
Is it true of Great Britain or the USA?
...
...
...
...
...
there are four TV channels.
love to get out into the wild.
enjoy gardening and doing jobs round the house.
one or two new discos open every week.
have twenty or more TV channels.
d) Из данных примеров выберите те, которые наиболее
ярко иллюстрируют сходство с обычаями вашей страны.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The British and Americans are very much interested in
arts and music. At the weekends the museums and concert
halls are full.
Some people keep pets, others go fishing.
The schools and the offices are closed on Sundays and peo'
ple have a good time in front of their TV sets.
Americans enjoy sports. In the summer they like camping
or visiting friends in their holiday homes.
175
In Your Country
Is Sunday a quiet day in your country?
Do you go shopping on Sunday?
Are department stores or supermarkets open on Sundays?
How many TV channels does your home town have?
How many national parks are there in your country?
Do you enjoy getting out into the wild?
Do many people in your country spend time on sports?
What inside / outside activities are popular in your country?
21. Roleplay the game on page 158. Use the word “a cottage”
(дача).
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 9
1. Вместо точек вставьте пропущенные местоимения:
“who”, “that”, “which”.
Example:
What’s the name of the man who lives next door?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I don’t like people ... never stop talking.
A coffee'maker is a machine ... makes coffee.
I have a friend ... drives carelessly.
She always asks me questions ... are difficult to answer.
Why does he wear clothes ... are too small for him?
Do you know anybody ... wants to buy a car?
2. Задайте к каждому предложению по 2 вопроса и ответьте
на первый из них.
Example:
Tom reads interesting books.
“Who reads interesting books?” “Tom does.”
What kind of books does Tom read?
176
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
My brother smokes Marlboro.
I always have a cheese sandwich for breakfast.
We sometimes have tomato soup for lunch.
Clark is wearing a quartz watch.
None of them has a video camera.
3. Для каждой из предложенных ситуаций напишите по два
предложения, используя “can” и “can’t”.
Example:
Jack wants to go to the park with his friends
to play football, but he has a broken foot.
Jack can go to the park and watch the game.
But he can’t play football.
1. Bob is going to a dinner party. He doesn’t know what to wear.
All his things are at the cleaner’s and he’s got only jeans.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Mary is in a store. She has fifty dollars. She wants to buy a
dress, a raincoat, a watch and some perfume.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Barbara is going to the airport. The airport is ten miles from her
house. How can she get there?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Clif has four days of holidays. Where can he go?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1 – Чем вы занимаетесь в свободное время? – Играю на
гитаре. – Я знаю, вы интересуетесь шахматами. – Да,
действительно. Игра на гитаре и шахматы – моё хобби.
____________________________________________________
177
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. – Вам нравится кататься на коньках? – Терпеть не могу.
– В самом деле? А я не очень люблю лыжи.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. – Алиса водит машину так медленно! – Согласен. Она
совсем не умеет водить.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. – Думаю, что Оливер хорошо готовит. А вы как считаете?
– Я тоже так думаю. И он знает, как приготовить обед быстро.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Странно, что начальник и секретарь недолюбливают друг
друга.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Я не понимаю, как пользоваться этим кассетным
магнитофоном. Вы не могли бы дать мне инструкцию?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
178
Word List (Unit 9)
A
activity
aspirin
Australia
B
be interested in
bird
boring
C
camping
collect
cottage
Czech Republic
D
delegation
dislike
do a favour
E
each other
early
especially
F
fan
fast
fun
G
gallery
garage
gymnastics
H
hate
history
hobby
J
jazz
K
know
L
Latin
lend
Low Countries
M
Malaysia
mission
motorcross
movie
N
nurse
O
of course
P
paint
play chess
poem
politics
S
skate
ski
slow(ly)
sure
T
teenager
That’s very kind of you!
think
tradition
turn on
turn off
U
underground
W
western
windsurf
179
UNIT 10
A BUSINESS TRIP
Деловая поездка
ФОНЕТИКА
Согласные [C], [S], [Z].
ГРАММАТИКА
Модальное выражение
“have to”.
Специальные вопросы типа:
How long does it take … ?
Как сказать?
Сколько времени потребуется…?
Мне приходится…
Cм. Приложение, с. 268.
Study unit 10 and roleplay.
You’re working in London. Next week your British colleague and
you have to flay to Paris on business. Discuss the details of your
journey to the airport.
You
Спросите у коллеги,
во сколько вылет и как
долго длится рейс.
Your partner
Ответьте, что вы вылетаете
утренним рейсом. Время
в полёте – около двух часов.
Уточните, не придётся ли
делать пересадку во время
полета.
Поблагодарите и вежливо
откажитесь. Объясните,
что у Вас лишь ручная кладь
180
Объясните. Предложите
российскому коллеге подвезти
его до аэропорта в Вашей
машине.
и вам хотелось бы доехать
до Хитроу экспрессом.
Расспросите, где можно
купить билет на этот
экспресс.
Предложите встретиться
в аэропорту, чтобы вместе
проходить регистрацию
на рейс.
Section I
Скажите, что это неплохая
мысль.
Дайте подробное разъяснение.
Добавьте, что Хитроу экспресс '
это лучший способ добраться
до аэропорта, так как поезд
идёт быстро и без остановок.
Согласитесь. Попросите
коллегу перезвонить
вам в день вылета.
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. Прочитайте за диктором слова в правой колонке таблицы.
Обратите внимание на особенности произношения каждого
буквосочетания.
Таблица буквосочетаний ture, sure, ci, ti, tion, sion
ture [Cq]
sure [Zq]
в конце слова: future, lecture, capture, signature
после гласной: measure, pleasure, exposure,
leisure [leZq]
sure
ci
ti
tion
sion
[Sq]
[Sq]
[Sq]
[Sn]
sion [Zn]
после согласной: fissure, pressure, tonsure, censure
перед гласной: racial, official, musician, physician
patient, initial, partial, martial
section, creation, election, relation
после согласной: version, mission, discussion,
expansion
после гласной: vision, decision, invasion, illusion
181
2. Прочитайте данные слова на <ssion и <tion. Каким
суффиксам в русском языке они соответствуют?
emotion
, situation
condition
commission
concession
, emigration
transmission
, compensation
session
aggression
destruction
profession
3. Дайте русские эквиваленты этих слов. Сравните значения
слов в двух языках.
Nature, natural, culture, mixture, fortune, structure, sculpture, furniture, , architecture.
4. При чтении следующих пословиц, скороговорки и
стихотворения следите за интонацией.
/Slowly | but surely.
Phy sicians mend | or end us.
Too good | to be true.
Медленно, но верно.
Врачи нас лечат или
калечат.
Слишком хорошо, чтобы
быть правдой.
How much /wood | would a wood'chuck chuck, |
If a wood'chuck | would chuck wood?
If a task is once be gun, |
Never leave it | till it’s done; |
Be the labour great or small, |
Do it /well | or not at all.
5. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Discussion, lecture, duty free, Heathrow, distance, profession, kilometre, attack, , situation, colleague, uniform, energy,
182
, energetic, speedometer, basketball, display, airport, channel,
tunnel, Waterloo, officer.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Expressing Necessity and Lack of Necessity.
Необходимость и отсутствие необходимости
6. Придумайте себе специальность. Остальные пытаются
угадать вашу профессию с помощью наводящих вопросов.
Remember!
to travel [`trxvql] – ездить, путешествовать
Ask questions which have a “Yes” or “No” answer.
In your job do you have to ... ?
plan / drive / travel
be polite / be energetic
work hard
type fast
talk a lot / organize
speak many languages
get up before 6.30
wear a uniform
work at weekends
meet a lot of people
listen to people
be intelligent
What do you do?
7. A Busy Week.
Глагол “to have” в сочетании с
инфинитивом выражает
необходимость совершения
действия в силу определенных
обстоятельств. Сравните:
Franklin has to write letters.
Franklin has letters.
(“to have” в качестве смыслового
глагола)
Франклину приходится писать
письма.
У Франклина есть письма.
I
You
have
We
They
to travel a lot.
He
She
It
has
The Browns are very busy people.
They have to do a lot of things this week.
Remember!
to make a speech – выступать с речью
183
Monday
Mr. Brown: go to the bank
Mrs. Brown: go to the supermarket
Tuesday
Mr. Brown: write a business letter
Mrs. Brown: visit a friend in hospital
Wednesday
Mr. Brown: send a fax
Mrs. Brown: go to the dentist
Thursday
Mr. Brown: be at the firm
Mrs. Brown: go to the library
Friday
Mr. Brown: make a speech
Mrs. Brown: study French
Ask and answer about their weekdays, like this.
Example:
Does Mr. Brown have to act on TV on Monday?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
What does he have to do?
He has to …
What do yоu have to do today / tomorrow?
8. You have to travel a lot in your job. This time you have to go
on business to New York. You’ve got a plane ticket for the evening
flight. What things do you have to do before you leave?
Remember!
a flight – рейс
to return sth – вернуть, зд. сдать в библиотеку
the cleaner’s – химчистка
a suitcase – чемодан
Before you go away on business do уou have to …?
184
clean your flat
switch off the lights
switch off the fridge
park your car
phone for a taxi
say goodbye to your parents
switch off the cooker
get some things
from the cleaner’s
water flowers
cancel newspapers
pack the suitcase
Talk about your partner’s activities before the flight.
9. Read and practise the following dialogue.
Remember!
a report [rIpO:t] – доклад
to go jogging [PgIN] – заниматься бегом (трусцой)
to go fishing [fISIN ] – ходить на рыбалку
to make a phone call – позвонить по телефону
A. Tom. Can you go jogging with me on Friday?
B. I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to work on Friday.
A. Oh, I see. Some other time then.
A. _____ . Can you _____________ with me on ________ ?
B. I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to _______________________ .
A. Oh, I see. Some other time then.
for questions
go to a basketball game
come to my birthday party
go shopping
go skiing
go fishing
for answers
meet my boss
write a report
read for the class test
make some phone calls
listen to BBC news
185
Set 2
Getting around
Поездки на транспорте
10. Объясните, почему вы отдаете предпочтение именно
этому виду транспорта.
THE BEST WAY TO TRAVEL
a) Which travels slowly? Which travels quickly?
b) Make sentences like this.
to be in a hurry [hArI] – спешить
Examples:
1. I travel by air because it’s
quick / convenient / fast.
the best way for me.
Remember!
2. When you’re in a hurry,
the best way to travel
is by
plane.
underground.
car.
taxi.
11. Спросите своего собеседника,
a) сколько времени занимают у него и его друзей поездки
по городу.
Remember!
a journey [E:nI] – поездка
Example:
How long does it take you / him / her to get to college?
It takes me / him / her about 20 minutes.
186
city centre
library
theatre
airport
station
b) как добираются в школу / в институт / на работу члены
вашей семьи и сколько времени они тратят на дорогу.
Example:
Martin goes to college by bus. The journey takes
about half an hour.
12. Расспросите коллегу про длительность поездки из
Москвы в любой другой город.
Example:
How long does it take
It takes
by
an hour and a half
many hours
a long time
plane
train
car
from Moscow to...?
plane
by train from Moscow to... .
car
Таким же образом узнайте у собеседника, сколько
приблизительно времени требуется на дорогу в нижеука<
занных ситуациях.
by plane / London / Madrid
by plane / New York / Paris
by trolley / your house / the city centre
by taxi / the city centre / the airport
by taxi / the station / the hotel
by train / Moscow / Saint Petersburg
by bicycle / your house / your work
13. Посмотрите на расписание вылета самолётов из
аэропорта Хитроу и объясните, сколько времени длится каждый
рейс.
Remember!
to fly [flaI] – летать
187
to
from London
depart
arrive
Edinburgh
Manchester
Newcastle
Cork
Aberdeen
Belfast
07.10
07.15
07.30
11.15
09.25
08.30
08.20
08.05
08.30
12.30
10.50
09.40
How long does it take to fly to:
Edinburgh?
Manchester?
Newcastle?
It takes an hour and ten minutes.
It ....................................... .
......................................... .
14. Roleplay.
Вы находитесь в трансагентстве, чтобы забронировать
билет на самолет. Агент по продаже авиабилетов пользуется
расписанием, указанным выше. Выберите любой из
предложенных городов и поговорите с агентом.
Note!
Book me on this flight.
Забронируйте мне билет на этот рейс.
You
Поздоровайтесь. Скажите,
куда вы хотите ехать.
Спросите, есть ли
утренний рейс.
The travel agent
Скажите, что есть.
Спросите, в какое время
вылет.
Ответьте.
Узнайте, сколько длится
рейс.
Ответьте.
Попросите агента забронировать
вам билет на этот рейс.
188
Согласитесь и
сообщите номер рейса.
15. Read some information about Heathrow Express.
Remember!
a sign [saIn] – вывеска, знак
rail(way) [reilw ei] – железная дорога
a link [liNk] – связь
a heart [hQ:t] – сердце, зд. центр
luggage [lAgIG] – багаж
to check in [tSek] – (за)регистрироваться
Cultural Note!
Paddington is one of the mainline railway stations in London.
Heathrow
Central London in 15 minutes, every 15 minutes
The next time you travel between Heathrow and Central
London, use Heathrow Express, the new non'stop, high'speed rail
link between the airport and the heart of London.
It takes just 15 minutes and if you are travelling with hand
luggage only you can check in at Paddington station. From 23
June 1999 you can check in all your luggage at one of 27 airline
desks at Paddington.
You can buy tickets from our ticket machines, ticket offices,
Central London Underground stations that display our sign.
189
Answer.
1.
When can you use Heathrow express?
2.
What sort of rail link is it?
3.
How often does it run?
4.
How long does it take by express from Heathrow to Central
London?
5.
What luggage can you check in after 23 June 1999?
Where can you do it?
6.
Where can you buy tickets for Heathrow Express?
16. You’re at the airport. There are a lot of signs around you.
Which signs go with which words?
17. What do you say in these situations?
a) Match these four sentences with A or B.
Remember!
Note!
1.
2.
3.
4.
190
a single (ticket) – билет в одном направлении
a return – билет в оба конца
a delay – задержка
Could I have a day return, please?
Do I have to change planes?
What platform does it leave from?
Is the flight on time?
At the railway station
At the airport
A: Good morning: Can I help you?
B: Good morning. ____________
to Newcastle, please.
A: Single or return?
B: ____________ , please.
I’m coming back tonight.
___________ from?
A: Platform eight.
B: _______ leave?
A: 9.15 and it arrives in
Newcastle at 10.30.
Here’s your ticket.
A: Can I see your passport
and ticket, please?
B: Yes, here you are.
Is __________ ?
A: No, I’m sorry.
There’s a half'hour
delay.
B: Oh dear.
_____in Frankfurt?
A: No, you stay on
the same plane.
b)
Listening.
Listen to these conversations and check your guesses.
c) Practise each dialogue with a partner. Take turns to be
A and B.
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
18.
интонацию. Прочитайте текст про себя и скажите, соответствует
ли заголовок теме текста.
Remember!
an age [eIG] – век
an interpreter [IntE:prItq] – переводчик
through [Tru:] – через
Cultural Note
Channel Tunnel is an underground passage below the English
Channel to take trains travelling between England and France.
191
The Age of the Train
Mary Fisher is an interpreter. She lives in London but she
often has to work in France.
Q:
Mary, tell our readers about your journey to France.
M:
I go by train. I take the train from Waterloo station
through
the Channel Tunnel.
Q:
How long does the train take?
M:
It takes three hours and I work during the journey. By
plane, it takes an hour but you have to get to and from
Charles de Gaulle airport.
Q:
What time do you leave London?
M:
There are several trains a day. I get the train at eight
o’clock and arrive at the Gare du Nord station in Paris at
midday French time. I work in an office which is very
near, so I go there on foot. I’m at work by half past twelve.
Q:
And when do you leave for home?
M:
I usually stay at a friend’s flat, work next day and get the
seven o’clock train home. I get to London at nine o’clock
British time, and I am home by a quarter to ten.
Q:
So what do you think of the Channel Tunnel service?
M:
It’s great. It’s really the age of the train.
19. Tasks
a) Do the task before the text.
b) Which is the odd word out?
1. ride bike tram
2. car bicycle tram drive
3. train bus stop station airport
4. underground ferry train
airport
c) Ask and answer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
192
What does Mary Fisher do?
Where does she live?
Where does Mary get on the train?
Does the train to Paris take 2 hours? Ask “How long?”
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Does Mary leave London in the evening? Ask “When?”
Does she arrive in Paris at midnight French time?
Ask “When?”
Does she go to the office by bus? Ask “How?” “Why?”
Does Mary Fisher stay in Paris at a hotel? Ask “Where?”
Does she get back to London next week? Ask “When?”
Does Mary like the Eurostar service? Why? / Why not?
d) Просмотрите текст и назовите предложения, которые
можно опустить как несущественные в ответах Мэри.
e) Суммируйте полученную информацию, опираясь на
следующую схему высказывания.
First ...
Then / So ...
Finally
Text B
20. Read some facts about London’s Heathrow.
Note!
to handle – управлять, держать под контролем
an item – предмет
while travelling – во время путешествия
over – свыше
to smell drugs – распознавать наркотики
по запаху
London’s Heathrow
London’s Heathrow is a very busy international airport. It
handles over 350,000 international flights every year. 70 airlines
use Heathrow.
Around 54,000 people work at Heathrow. Near the centre of
the airport is the police station with 300 police officers and 14
dogs that can smell drugs.
The Medical Centre has 8 nurses and 3 doctors always ready to
help people who have heart problems while travelling to or through
Heathrow.
193
Every year Heathrow handles over 57,000,000 items of luggage. Heathrow’s duty free shops sell 500 million cigarettes every
day.
Travellers drink 23,000 cups of coffee and tea and eat 11,500
sandwiches at the airport cafe´s and bars every day.
21. Tasks.
a) Which of these things are all in the text?
drugs
food
planes
dogs
airport
b) How much do you remember?
1.
Heathrow handles ________________ international
flights yearly.
Heathrow handles _____________ items of luggage.
There are __________ police officers and ___________
dogs.
____________ people work at Heathrow.
Duty free shops sell ____________ cigarettes a day.
Travellers drink __________ cups of coffee and eat
__________ sandwiches every day.
___________ airlines use Heathrow.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
c) Read these statements and say what you like / dislike about
travelling by air.
For or against?
Plane tickets are very expensive nowadays.
The journey impresses you a lot.
Many people die from heart attack during the flight.
Flying is a very comfortable thing.
The best way to travel in summer time is by air.
Planes cannot take you from door to door. You need a bus or
a taxi to take you to the airport.
You get very much tired during the flight.
Travelling by air may be very stressful at times.
194
d) Write a short paragraph about travelling.
Do you have to travel in your job?
Do you ever travel on long distances? How often?
Which do you prefer, the plane or the railway? Why?
How long does it take you to get to the place?
Do you think trains are becoming very popular in your country?
22. Roleplay the game on page 180.
Use the following expression: to go on a morning flight
(вылететь утренним рейсом).
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 10
1. Заполните пропуски с помощью “have to / has to / don’t
have to / doesn’t have to”
+ один из этих глаголов
travel
stop
buy
work
write
wear
Example:
Sarah is a doctor. She has to work this evening.
1. This is the end of the course. The students ____ ______ a test.
2. It’s hot. You ____ ______ a sweater.
3. His eyes are very good. He ____ ______ glasses.
4. I eat too much chocolate. I ____ ______ .
5. You want to speak good English. You ____ ______ hard.
6. Samuel is not often at home. He ____ ______ a lot in his job.
2. Вставьте, где необходимо, пропущенные артикли.
Yohanes Bastien is ….. ticket inspector. He works on …..
Eurostar service between ….. Britain, ….. France and ….. Belgium.
He travels to London and Brussels several times ….. week. He lives
in ….. house in Paris. ….. house is about thirty minutes from Gare
du Nord. And how does he get to ….. work? By ….. bicycle!
195
3. Вместо пропусков вставьте вспомогательные глаголы
am/ is / are / do / don’t / does / doesn’t.
Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
“Have a cigarette.” “No, thank you, I ______ smoke.
Why ______ you leaving so soon?
“What ______ she do?” “She’s a dentist.”
I ______ want to go out. It ______ raining.
“Where ______ you come from?” “From Canada.”
George is a good photographer, but he ______ take photos.
Look at her! She ______ running. It ______ take her long
to run five kilometers.
4. Заполните пропуски подходящими предлогами.
at in about after with by to on
James lives ____ a small flat ____ Cambridge. He lives ____
two other boys who are students ____ Cambridge University. They
work hard during the week.
James has two jobs. ____ Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays
he works ____ a hospital, where he helps to look ____ children
who are ill. He goes to the hospital _____ bus. He starts ____ ten
o’clock and works until quarter ____ five. On Thursdays and
Fridays he works ____ home.
____ the evening, one of the boys cooks a meal. ____ dinner
they look in the newspaper to see what’s on TV or they talk ____
their day. They usually go to bed ____ about midnight.
5. Выберите правильную форму
(с предлогом) – с артиклем или без него.
существительного
Example:
She is happy at college (будучи студенткой)
I meet him at the college (место встречи)
1.
2.
196
Excuse me, where is university / the university?
What time do you finish college / the college?
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
in
Every term parents go to school / the school to meet
the teachers.
How many people go to university / the university in your
country?
Jack is ill and he’s still in hospital / the hospital. Jill is
going to hospital / the hospital to visit him.
Mrs. Kelly goes to church / the church every Sunday.
We’d like to visit church / the church. It’s a beautiful
building.
After leaving school / the school, Nora works as a cleaner
hospital / at the hospital.
6. Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1. Выключите радио. Мы его не слушаем.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Как часто вам приходится чистить туфли?
____________________________________________________
3. – Где ты, Рой? – Я в большой комнате, занимаюсь утренней
гимнастикой. – Странно, ты обычно бегаешь по утрам.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. На каком языке они говорят? Я не могу их понять.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. У неё уходит 7 минут на ходьбу пешком от дома до универсама.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. На новой работе ему часто приходится рано вставать и ехать
в аэропорт Внуково. Я ему сочувствую.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
197
Word List (Unit 10)
A
age
airport
attack
B
basketball
be in a hurry
C
channel
check in
clean
colleague
D
discussion
display
distance
duty free
E
energy
energetic
express
F
flight
fly
G
go fishing
go jogging
H
heart
Heathrow
I
interpreter
198
J
jog
journey
K
kilometer
L
lecture
link
luggage
M
make a phone call
O
officer
P
pack
profession
R
railway
report
return
S
situation
speed
suitcase
T
through
travel
tunnel
U
uniform
UNIT 11
LET ME REMEMBER
Дайте мне вспомнить
ФОНЕТИКА
Смещение ударного слога.
Дифтонг [aI].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Глагол “to be” в простом
прошедшем времени.
Сокращенные утвердительные
и отрицательные
предложения типа:
So was I. / Neither was I.
Как сказать?
Когда я учился в школе…
Cм. Приложение, с. 269.
Study unit 11 and roleplay.
Your foreign colleague is going to visit your home town on business.
Answer his questions before the trip.
You
Your partner
Узнайте, когда ваш
российский коллега был
в своем родном городе
в последний раз.
Ответьте.
Спросите, каким был
этот город 10 лет
тому назад.
Расскажите, что многие годы
в этом месте было хорошо
жить. Чистые улицы,
199
хорошие школы, удобная
транспортная система.
Ответьте на все вопросы
собеседника. Пожелайте
ему удачной поездки.
Section I
Уточните,
а) какая там обычно
стоит погода;
б) какие достопримеча$
тельности можно
посмотреть; в) какой
ресторан лучше посетить;
г) каким видом транспор$
та нужно пользо$
ваться.
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
1. Прочитайте следующие пары слов. Обратите внимание
на смещение ударного слога в словах при образовании новой
части речи.
conduct – to conduct
object – to object
import – to import
record – to record
national – ,nationality
active – activity
metal – metallic
increase – to increase
subject – to subject
export – to export
present – to present
continent – , continental
policy – political
organ – organic
2. При чтении слов в таблице проследите, какому
буквосочетанию соответствует произносимый дифтонг [aI].
Дифтонг [aI]. Повторение и обобщение
i/y в откр. слоге
mild, child, blind, behind,
remind, find, ninth, pint, kind, wild
i + gh
Сочетание gh не произносится:
high, highway, night, sight, bright
i/y + e
die, lie, pie, tie, bye, dye, rye
редкие сочетания eye, buy, height, either, neither
i + l/m/n + согл.
[aI]
200
ivy, climate, primer, reply, analyse
3. При чтении следующих фраз и четверостиший проследите
за интонацией.
Neither(am I, neither(is he, neither(are we, either(of you,
either(of them.
If you run after two /hares, you will catch neither.
За двумя зайцами погонишься, ни одного не поймаешь.
After dinner sit a /while, |
After supper walk a mile.
A sailor went to /sea |
To see | what he could see.
But all | he could /see |
Was sea, sea, sea.
4. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Extra, Saudi Arabia, mix, mixture, front, pension, inspector,
alibi, character, boss, surprise, private, organize, ,organization,
,Barcelona, section, ,revolution, marketing, ,economics, ,sociology,
philosophy, detective, semester.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Talking about the Past
Поговорим о прошлом
5. Поговорите со своим коллегой о происшедших событиях
таким образом:
a) Give a yes – or no – answer.
Was it warm last month? Was it cool
yesterday?
Were you at the university yesterday?
Were you on time or late for class?
Were you energetic or tired before your
English class?
Present
Past
Am / is
was
Are
were
201
Were you pleased or upset after class?
Were you at home or at work at 5 o’clock?
Were you hungry before dinner?
Were you in Egypt in summer?
Were you in England last year?
b) Read the following mini!dialogue.
Practise similar conversations using the words in the right
column and below the model.
A: Were you at the meeting yesterday?
B: No, I wasn’t.
A: Where were you?
B: I was at the cinema.
A: How was the film?
B: It was fantastic.
conference
lecture
pop concert
TV show
great
terrible
fun
ordinary
boring
interesting
funny (смешной)
football match
concert of jazz music
6. Ask and answer.
Example:
When / your first day
at school?
When was your first day
at school?
In September 1992.
Edinburgh School of English
1. What / your favourite
subject at school?
2. What / your favourite songs /clothes / games /when you were
a child?
3. When / your first English lesson?
4. Where / your first home? (old house / new house?)
5. Who / your best friend?
202
7. Прочтите данные высказывания. Сначала в краткой, а
затем в полной форме скажите то же самое о себе.
Remember!
to learn [lE:n ] – изучать, усваивать
to take a course in sth –
пройти курс обучения
Example:
Mr. Reed teaches students.
So do I. I teach students, too.
Mr. Reed doesn’t teach students.
Neither do I. I don’t teach students, either.
1. My friend wakes up early in the morning.
2. Tony doesn’t read for the class test.
3. They do grammar exercises.
4. Ann doesn’t write a report.
5. Students don’t learn economics.
6. My neighbour translates the text from Russian into English.
7. Roy doesn’t study from morning till night.
8. They take a course in marketing / sociology / philosophy
/ French.
8. Read these mini!dialogues and roleplay similar conversations about your school years.
Remember!
to be good at games [g eim z] – быть хорошим спортсменом
A: I was always first in class
when I was at school.
B: So was I. I was always first
in class, too.
was
tired after class
always late for school
often in a hurry
interested in computers
A: I wasn’t very good at maths
when I was at school.
B: Neither was I. I wasn’t
good at maths, either.
wasn’t good at
games
history
English
chemistry
203
9. Roleplay
Talk to your friend on the phone.
You
Ответьте на звонок
и назовите свое имя.
Your partner
Скажите, кто вы.
Поздоровайтесь.
Узнайте, почему ваш друг
не был на занятиях
на прошлой неделе.
Скажите, что были больны
в течение нескольких дней
(for several days).
Объясните, что не можете
выполнить домашнее задание,
потому что у вас нет учебника.
Выразите сожаление.
Спросите, не могли бы вы
чем$нибудь помочь.
Предложите свою книгу.
Узнайте, когда можно
занести её.
Поблагодарите.
Договоритесь о времени встречи
и расскажите, где вы живете.
10. History quiz.
Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions in the quiz.
Remember!
space [sp eis] – космос
a band [b n d ] – оркестр
China [tʃain ə] – Китай
1. When was man first in space?
a) in 1957?
b) in 1961?
c) in 1967?
2. Was the French Revolution
a) about 50 years ago?
204
b) about 150 years ago?
c) about 200 years ago?
3. Were the first false teeth
a) in Italy about 2,700 years ago?
b) in China about 1,000 years ago?
c) in America about 100 years ago?
4. Was Tyrannosaurus Rex
a) a pop band?
b) a dinosaur? [`dainq,sO:]
c) both a) and b)?
5. Were the 1996 Olympic Games
a) in Moscow?
b) in Barcelona?
c) in Atlanta?
Set 2
Showing Surprise and Interest
Проявление удивления и интереса
11. Express interest in
what the other students say.
A:
B:
I have a friend who
was in the Olympics.
You do! That sounds
really interesting.
The National Gallery
Practise this mini!dialogue with the place names.
the National Gallery
Edinburgh Castle
the Tower of London
the British Museum
Hyde Park
London Zoo
205
12. Read the text “Yesterday, I was in Paris”
Remember!
Jenkins:
Boss:
Jenkins:
a dream [d ri:m] – мечта
awful [O:fVl] – ужасный, страшный
I am bored [b ɔ:d] – мне скучно
Today, I’m in the office, but yesterday I was in Paris.
In Paris with the woman of my dreams! Today I’m in
England, but yesterday I was in France. In France, in
Paris, at the hotel des Amores.
Today I’m bored and unhappy. Yesterday we were
happy. Yesterday it was warm and everything was
fine. Today it’s cold and everything is awful.
Oh Paris! Oh Marie Claire!
Jenkins!
Oh no!
Look at the scheme below and make up short conversations
based on the text.
Give information.
Express surprise and interest.
Give some more information.
Example:
Today Jenkins is in the office.
Oh, is he?
Yes, but yesterday he was in Paris.
1. Yesterday Jenkins was in Paris.
2. Today he’s in England.
3. Today he’s bored and unhappy.
4. Yesterday it was warm.
5. Today it’s cold.
13.
Listening “In the Canaries”.
Remember!
206
excellent – отличный
Cultural Notes
Las Vegas [lsv e ig əs] is a city in the desert (пустыня) of
Nevada [n iv d ə], USA, famous for its large casinos.
Canary [k qn e q rI] islands (also the Canaries) is a group of
islands belonging (принадлежащие) to Spain near NW Africa
which are popular with British people for a holiday in the sun.
a) Listen to the dialogue and answer.
Was Steve in the Canaries with his family? Why? / Why not?
b) Listen once again and answer.
1. Was Steve on holiday last month?
2. Was he also on holiday in February?
Where was he?
3. What was life like in the Canaries?
4. What was the weather like there?
5. What was the hotel like?
6. What were the people like?
7. Does Steve’s wife ever come on
holiday with him?
8. Where were their children?
c) Dramatize the dialogue.
14. Read the detective story.
Note!
thief – вор
stole – украл (прош. время от глагола steal)
according to – согласно, в соответствии с
to be sure – быть уверенным
A thief stole an expensive car from a garage in Main Street
last Sunday at 5 o’clock. Mr. and Mrs. Jones were in a restaurant
next to the garage. According to Mr. and Mrs. Jones, the thief was
207
young, tall and thin. His hair was brown and curly. The police are
looking for the thief today. They’re talking to Frank Harris. He’s
a tall, thin young man with brown, curly hair.
Police: Were you in Main Street last
Sunday at 5?
Frank: No, I was at home with my wife.
Police: Are you sure?
Frank: Of course I am.
Police: That’s strange. Your wife says
she was at home all
evening, but you weren’t
there.
Frank: Wasn’t I?
Police: No, you weren’t.
Frank: Oh, let me remember. Right.
Last Sunday at 5 I was
with my friend Tom.
Police: Where were you and your
friend?
Frank: We were here at the police
station.
Police: Why were you at the police
station?
Frank: We were here because at 4 last Sunday a thief stole my
friend Tom’s car!
Questions.
1. What was the thief like, according to Mr. and Mrs. Jones?
2. Who are the police talking to?
3. Do Frank and his wife give the same answers to the policemen?
4. Does Frank have an alibi?
5. Was Frank the thief?
208
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
15.
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочитайте текст про себя и дайте ответ на следующий
вопрос.
Why is “Hill Street Blues” still popular with teenagers?
Remember!
a character [k xrik tq] – персонаж
a soap$opera [sqVp,Ppqrq] – мыльная опера
curious [k jVqrIqs] – любопытный
dangerous [dqIndgqrqs] – опасный
Hill Street Blues
When I was at
school, my favourite
programme was “Hill
Street Blues”. It was an
American programme
but it was very popular
in Britain.
The “Blues” are the
police. It’s a story about
a police station in the
United States. There
are about 16 people in the story and we see their everyday life in
the station and in the streets outside. My favourite character was
Mick Belker – he’s a very small man – a detective who isn’t very
clean but he’s very friendly.
I was curious to know about the activities of the police station
for the next twelve hours. Sometimes it was funny and sometimes
it was dangerous, but it was never boring.
“Hill Street Blues” is in its eighth year now. The programme
starts in the morning and my teen$age sister watches it every
week.
209
16. Tasks.
a) Do the task before the text.
b) Practise asking and answering questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What was Dave’s favourite TV programme when he was
at school?
Was it on Britain’s programme? Ask “What programme?”
Was it a love story? Ask “What kind?”
Are there few characters in the story? Ask “How many?”
Was Dave’s favourite character the chief of the police?
Ask “Who?” “What … like?”
Was Dave curious to know about the Queen’s activities?
Ask “Whose?”
Was the programme boring?
c) Sum up the information about “Hill Street Blues”.
d) Make up a story about your favourite programme when you
were at school.
Text B
17. Read the following information and answer.
Why does Sam Jones call the Herald Tribune his home town
newspaper?
Note!
to reach sb / sth – достичь кого$л. / чего$л.
to come out – выходить (о газетах)
a degree – диплом
a body – тело
childhood – детство
memory – память
a leading article – передовая статья
210
The Global Newspaper
The International Herald
Tribune is an American newspaper that comes out in eight
countries and reaches people
all over the world. This is
what Lee Heubner, its publisher, says about the Trib’s
typical reader.
“The average age of the
readers, I think, is in the late
forties, early fifties. Almost
all these people have university degrees. About 40% of
our readers are Americans living abroad, not the American
travellers. And then, it’s a
mixture of all other nationalities, and the key to all of them
is that they have international interests”.
Lee Heubner talks to one
of the Trib’s readers, Sam Jones.
“Sam, where do you come from?”
“I really don’t know. I am a native of the States, I was at school
in England, my wife is French, I’m now working for a Saudi
Arabian company.”
“Why do you buy the Herald Tribune?”
“My family were very much interested in the Trib. When I
think of my childhood, I have this memory of each of them sitting
behind a different section of the paper. No faces, just bodies and
newspapers. This is the way it was at my house. I think the Trib is
my home town newspaper.”
211
18. Tasks.
a) Answer the question before the text.
b) Correct these statements.
1.
2.
3.
The Trib is a British newspaper.
It reaches people in six countries.
The average age of its readers is in the late thirties,
early forties.
Almost all these people have diplomas.
Half of the readers are American travellers.
Sam’s family were mostly interested in the front page news.
4.
5.
6.
c) Say that you read newspapers because:
– you like reading;
– you want to know what’s in the news;
– you need useful information;
– you’re interested in world events;
– you’re interested in home politics;
– you want to kill time.
d) Which sections of the newspaper do you read? / like? / dislike?
Example:
I read the front page news and the headlines (заголовки).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I like / the leading article / the sports news.
I always read / the readers’ letters / the art section.
I dislike / the ads / the weather report.
I ignore / the law reports.
I sometimes look at / the TV and radio programmes.
In Your Country
Which newspapers do you read in your country?
Do you buy a newspaper every day?
212
Do you buy a morning paper or an evening paper?
Do you read every section of the newspaper?
Which sections of the newspaper are you especially
interested in?
19. Roleplay the game on page 199.
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 11
1. Закончите данные предложения.
Example:
I don’t like cold shower, but Sue does.
1. You don’t know John very well, but I ________.
2. Bill can’t use a video camera, but his colleague ________.
3. The workers in the firm work hard, but the manager ________.
4. My brother can’t play poker, but I _________.
5. I haven’t got any money for a taxi, but Nancy _________.
6. All of them are smoking, but Chris __________.
2. Выразите удивление сказанным.
Example:
I can’t swim.
Oh, can’t you?
No, but I have to learn.
1. Tim smokes.
_____________ ? Yes, but not often.
2. Jane can’t drive a car. _____________ ? No, but she can take
a taxi.
3. This ring is gold (золотое). __________? Yes, it’s very beau$
tiful.
4. The film wasn’t very good. ___________? No, it was terrible.
5. The clock isn’t working. ____________ ? No, but it was O.K.
this morning.
6. He can’t buy a newspaper. ___________ ? No, he hasn’t got
any money.
213
3. Задайте общий вопрос к данным предложениям и дайте
два варианта отрицательного ответа.
Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
There’s some news of Greg.
“Is there any news of Greg?”
“No, there isn’t any news of Greg.” / There is
no news of Greg.”
There’s some chalk at the blackboard.
Ben is writing some letter.
Their son speaks some foreign language.
It takes Liz some time to do her homework.
She’d like to listen to some new cassette.
There’s some interesting programme on TV tonight.
We can see some taxis in the street.
4. Заполните пропуски недостающими предлогами.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
There were 20,000 people ______ the football match last
Sunday.
There was a very interesting program ______ TV last night.
My grandmother was married ______ a politician.
When I was a child, I was interested ______ sports.
It was very kind ______ Judy to call the Embassy.
Life today is very different ______ life in the sixties.
He’d like to take a course ______ economics next semester.
5. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения,
используя was / were.
1. – На прошлой неделе для меня были письма? – Ни одного.
Вы скучаете о родителях? – Конечно.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. – Когда дети были маленькими, они часто болели. Кстати,
где они сейчас? – Не знаю. До обеда они были возле дома.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
214
3. – Извините, но вы сидите на моём месте (in my place). –
Прошу прощения. Вы ведь вчера отсутствовали?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. На вас красивые туфли. Они стоили дорого?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. – На собрании было много народу? – Нет, очень мало. – Нам
нужно организовать новую встречу и выступить перед
коллегами.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. – Том хорошо знал химию в школе? – Да, он всегда проявлял
интерес к этому предмету.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Write a short paragraph.
What were you like when you were a child?
What were you interested in?
Who was your best friend?
215
Word List (Unit 11)
A
alibi
awful
B
band
Barcelona
be good (at)
C
character
childhood
China
curious
D
dangerous
detective
dream
E
economics
excellent
F
front
funny
G
global
I
I'm bored
inspector
L
Las Vegas
learn
M
marketing
mix
mixture
O
Olympic
216
P
philosophy
R
revolution
S
Saudi Arabia
section
soap$opera
sociology
space
surprise
T
take a course (in)
UNIT 12
INTERVIEWS,
INTERVIEWS…
ФОНЕТИКА
Ударение в
многосложных словах
ГРАММАТИКА
The Present
Continuous Tense для
обозначения будущего
времени
Конструкция going to.
Обстоятельственные
придаточные предло6
жения
Как сказать?
Я собираюсь… Я планирую…
Cм. Приложение, с. 270.
Revise units 1–12 and roleplay “Survival Game” in pairs.
You’re a newspaper reporter and your partner plays the other
part (travel agent, taxi driver, company president, writer, musician, singer, foreign journalist, etc.). Make brief conversations in
each of the situations. See if you can survive until the end. Good
luck! And have a good trip!
So, you arrive in Atlanta for the Festival of Pop Music…
Airport arrival
Catch a taxi. Arrive
at a hotel.
Ask questions at the press
briefing.
Have a meal in a restaurant.
Go sightseeing.
Check out.
Arrive at departure terminal.
Check in at airline desk.
Go through customs and
passport control
Talk to a receptionist.
Order from Room Service.
Meet foreign colleagues.
Interview pop stars.
Visit a party.
Talk to your new friends.
Book for the flight.
Say good6bye.
Catch your flight home.
217
Section I
LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
УДАРЕНИЕ В МНОГОСЛОЖНЫХ СЛОВАХ
Многие английские многосложные слова, как правило,
имеют два ударения: главное и второстепенное.
Второстепенное ударение в транскрипции обозначается
знаком [,], стоящим внизу перед началом слога, на который оно
падает: engineer [,eninIq]
1. Произнесите следующие слова. Подберите слова того же
корня в русском языке и сравните значения.
Ударение на первом слоге в трёхсложных словах:
specialist, argument, criticism, parliament, terminal, practical,
personal, compromise, episode, senator, parallel, industry.
Ударение на втором слоге (после приставки)
в трехсложных словах:
expansion, financial, religion, occasion, adventure, provision,
production, discussion, ambition.
Ударение на первом (корневом) слоге
в четырёхсложных словах:
territory, literature, aristocrat, comfortable, temperature, characterize, commentary, automobile.
Ударение на втором (корневом) слоге
в четырёхсложных словах:
economy, democracy, emergency, chronology, political,
biography, particular, initiative.
Второстепенное ударение на первом слоге:
,situation, ,evolution, ,motivation, ,manufacture, ,confidential,
,privatization, ,opposition, ,politician, ,consultation.
218
Второстепенное ударение на втором слоге (после приставки):
ad,ministration, e,xamination, com,munication,
ex,perimental, a,ssociation
2. Прочитайте данные четверостишия. Обратите внимание на
интонацию.
All that you do, /girls,
Do with your might.
Things done but half, /girls,
Are never done right.
Work while you work, /boys,
Play while you play.
That is the way, /boys,
To be happy and gay.
3. Повторите запомнившиеся стихи, пословицы, поговорки.
4. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите их
на русский язык.
Geneva, Quebec, Latin America, , Argentina, tango,
astrology, astrologer, Santiago, Chili, San Francisco,
conference$hall, the Hilton, Mercedes, Florida, briefing, relevant,
rhythm, harmony, ,microphone, crossword, musician, comedy,
drama, thriller, continent, Africa.
Section II
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Set 1
Plans for the future
Планы на будущее
5. Расскажите, как вы спланировали свое
свободное время.
Example:
I’m going to the concert this
evening. And you?
I’m playing tennis with Jack.
219
For questions:
go for a walk
go for a run / go for a drink /
go for a meal / go for a holiday
For answers:
stay with my parents
go to see a play
take a bus tour of the city
walk the dog
fly to Santiago in Chile
Present Continuous
используется
для
обозначения
будущего
времени (когда время и
место действия намечены
заранее) с глаголами
движения, а также с
глаголами: stay, play, take,
meet, start.
6. Заполните пропуски
недостающими
глаголами.
meet
go
Note!
seafood – продукты моря
go downtown – AmE ехать в центр города
a) Read the dialogue.
A: What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?
B: I __________ downtown. I ____________ shopping.
What about you? What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?
A: We ___________ to the cinema with Tom. After the film
we _____________ to dinner. Would you like to come
with us?
B: No, thanks, I can’t. I ______________ Alice at 6.30 at the new
seafood restaurant in Green Street.
220
b) Practise this conversation with the following time expressions.
today
this morning
this afternoon
this evening
tonight
tomorrow
tomorrow morning
tomorrow afternoon
tomorrow evening
tomorrow night
7. Прочтите о событиях, которые ожидаются в жизни этих
людей.
Note!
1.
Q.
to look forward to sth – с нетерпением ждать чего$л.
to happen – произойти
Mark is looking forward to
a business trip.
He is going to make a new film.
What is Mark going to do?
2.
Q.
3.
Q.
Mr. and Mrs. Williams are looking
forward to their summer holiday.
They’re going to travel around
the world, and forget about all
their problems at home.
What are the
Williams going to do?
Mrs. Green is a Londoner.
She is looking forward to
her weekend. She isn’t going
to think about work.
She is going to do some
shopping in Camden.
What is Mrs. Green going to do?
221
On your own.
What are you looking forward to?
When is it going to happen?
What are you going to do?
8. Расспросите собеседника, какие изменения намечаются
в жизни ваших общих знакомых.
(+)
am
I
He
She
It
is
We
You
They are
($)
n’t (not) going
to visit
Las
Vegas.
Конструкция going to
(собираться что$либо
сделать) также
служит для выраже$
ния намерения в
недалёком будущем,
но в отличие от present continuous, она
отражает решение,
принятое говорящим
в связи с каким$либо
событием.
Example:
Is there any news of your friends?
Yes. They’re going to move to San Francisco.
Your friends / move to Boston.
Paul / make money.
Your sister / have a baby.
Your brother / get a good job.
Raquel / visit the arts festival.
Mary and Charles / get married.
Joseph / work in Tokyo for a year.
Your colleague / leave for Egypt.
9. You’re visiting an astrologer.
a) Ask him / her about your future.
Remember!
222
to change [tSe in G] – сменить
Example:
Am I going to buy a Mercedes or a VW?
When is it going to happen?
for questions
change my job?
visit South Africa?
work for an oil company?
leave for Florence?
get married?
move to a new house?
for answers
week, month, year
this Sunday, Monday
next January, February
spring, summer
b) On your own.
Write 6 questions you’d like to ask an astrologer. Take the ideas
from the box.
Work.
Education.
Romantic life.
Home life.
Money.
Travel.
10. Read the text “An International Film Actor”.
Remember!
a song – песня
George Nelson is a famous international film actor. He lives in
Los Angeles, but he always works in cities around the world.
Next January George is going to act in London. He’s glad he’s
going to work there because he loves English songs. His wife and
son are going to visit him every weekend.
Next February George is going to go* to Geneva with his wife
and son. George always goes skiing on his winter holiday, and he
always has a wonderful time.
Next April George is going to act in a Japanese film. His family can’t go with him, but he isn’t upset, because his son and wife
are going to write to him from Los Angeles.
* В британском варианте англ. языка глагол to go обычно не употребляется
с конструкцией going to.
223
Next June the Nelsons are going to spend their summer holiday in Cyprus. They like the beautiful beaches there and they
enjoy swimming and windsurfing every day.
Questions.
1. What does George Nelson do for a living?
2. Does he live and work in Los Angeles? Ask “Where?”
3. Is George going to act in London? Ask “When?” “Why?”
4. Are George’s wife and son going to visit him? Ask “How often?”
5. Is George going to Geneva with his family? Ask “When?”
6. What does he always do on his winter holiday?
7. Is George going to relax in April? Ask “Why not?”
8. Is he upset that his family can’t go to Japan? Ask “Why not?”
9. Are the Nelsons going to spend their summer holiday together?
Ask “Where?” “When?” “Why?”
Say what you remember about George Nelson.
11. Roleplay.
Your British colleague is going on holiday. He plans to spend
three weeks in a small hotel in Florida. Talk to him about his coming
holiday.
You
Спросите, куда ваш коллега
едет в отпуск.
Выразите удивление. Узнайте,
224
Your British colleague
Скажите куда.
как он собирается
путешествовать.
Объясните как.
Спросите, когда он отъезжает.
Ответьте когда.
Узнайте, как долго он будет
находиться там.
Укажите срок вашего
пребывания в США.
Узнайте у коллеги, где он
собирается остановиться.
Пожелайте хорошего отпуска.
Set 2
Скажите где.
Поблагодарите и
попрощайтесь.
Consolidation
Повторение
12. Game. “Interviews Around the World”.
Remember!
a magazine [, m g qzJn ] – журнал
Cultural Note
Canne [k n] is a seaside holiday town in the South of France.
CANNE: Cinema is more than life
225
Roleplay.
You’re working in Canne as a journalist. You have to write a
magazine article about the Canne International Film Festival which
is beginning tomorrow. Focus on these professional situations.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ask questions at the press briefing.
Meet your colleagues from the other countries.
Interview film stars and producers.
Go to a party.
Now roleplay the games in English. If you have a problem, go
back to the lesson.
Remember!
the Hilton* – Хилтон (отель)
arrival [qraIvql] – прибытие
opening / closing – открытие / закрытие
a reception [rIs e p S(q)n ] – прием
* C названиями отелей, ресторанов, театров, кино и музеев употребляется
определенный артикль: The Pacific Hotel, the Palace Theatre, the Red Lion.
1.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
226
Добрый вечер. Меня зовут Моника Вейт. Добро
пожаловать на брифинг в отеле Хилтон. Я знаю, что вы
хотите получить информацию относительно завтрашнего
открытия фестиваля (Grand Opening). Итак, начнём
с вопросов.
Не могли бы вы сообщить о времени прибытия
президента фестиваля?
Президент прибывает самолётом в 10 утра.
Хорошо. А где он произнесёт свою вступительную
(opening) речь?
В конференц$зале на втором этаже. Но приём
с шампанским у нас будет в саду, с 11 до 11.30.
Как вы планируете организовать работу журналистов?
Журналисты и кинооператоры будут снимать с воздуха
(from the air). Есть еще вопросы по поводу программы на
завтра? Нет? Тогда перейдём (to go on) к следующей
части брифинга.
–
–
–
–
Remember!
first of all – прежде всего
important [impO:t(q)nt] – важно, важный
2.
Это замечательная идея, Джон, не так ли?
Верно. Ты только представь (think about) те фантасти$
ческие кадры, которые можно сделать сверху!
Олег, о чем ты собираешься писать?
Прежде всего, о Хилтоне, в этом отеле очень удобно
работать. Это важно для читателей моего журнала.
Ведь все они деловые люди. Что интересно твоим
читателям?
Мои читатели приезжают в такие отели (hotels like this)
не работать, а отдыхать. Их интересуют достопримеча$
тельности, места отдыха, бассейны. Поэтому я начну
свою статью о барах и ресторанах, которые есть
в Хилтоне.
3.
–
Хэррисон, вы кинозвезда и
популярны не только в Америке,
но и в России. Расскажите нашим
читателям немного о себе.
–
Ещё в школе я хорошо знал
литературу и проявлял интерес к
кинематографу. Может быть,
поэтому моя любимая роль в кино
$ это роль Ханса Сола (Hans Solo) в
"Звездных войнах".
–
Смотреть ваши фильмы
было страшно, но скучно никогда
не было. Каковы ваши планы на
будущее?
–
Я планирую сниматься сразу
в нескольких голливудских
фильмах. Работа обещает быть
интересной, и я готов к ней.
–
Желаю вам успеха.
Harrison Ford
227
4.
–
–
–
–
–
–
Алло! Привет, Джон.
Это ты, Олег? Спасибо, что позвонил. Что ты будешь
делать сегодня вечером?
Некоторые наши друзья остаются в Каннах на 2$3 дня
после закрытия фестиваля. Ты бы хотел пойти на
вечеринку?
Мне бы очень хотелось, но боюсь, что не смогу. Я буду
очень занят в течение
следующей недели.
Ты слишком много работаешь,
Джон.
Ты, как всегда, прав, Олег.
Спасибо. Мне нужно подумать.
13. On your own.
Interview Julia Roberts about her
roles and plans for the future.
Julia Roberts
MY BEST FRIEND’S Wedding
Section III
READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
14.
интонацию.
Прочтите текст про себя и дайте ответ на вопрос,
содержащийся в заголовке.
Remember!
228
to take place – иметь место
as … as – такой же, как и
abroad [qbrO:d] – за границей
ago [qg qV] – тому назад
to continue [kqntin ju :] – продолжаться
Tawley Arts Festival
– Another Cannes?
The Arts Festival at
Tawley takes place every
year but thirty years ago
it was not as large and
important as it is today.
When Tawley was just
a small seaside town, the
festival was very short
(two days) and there were only two concerts – one in the evening of
the first day, the other in the afternoon of the second day. There
were very few visitors from abroad.
Now the Tawley Festival is famous not only in France. It continues for two weeks and Tawley has over a hundred thousand
visitors. It’s still music and art but the cinema and theatre are
becoming very important, too. In the next few years, the organizers of the festival are going to show new films and television programmes.
Jacques Martin, one of the French organizers, says, “In the
next few years Tawley is going to be as important as Cannes for
film and television”.
15. Tasks.
a) Comment on the title.
b) Give answers to the following questions.
1. How often does the Tawley Festival take place?
2. Was it famous and important 30 years ago? Why? / Why not?
3. What is it like now?
4. Is it different from what it was? Why? / Why not?
c) Complete these sentences from the text.
1. The Tawley Festival takes place ________________________.
2. Thirty years ago the festival was ________________________.
229
3. There were few _____________________________________.
4. Now the festival is famous ____________________________.
5. It continues _______________ and has __________________.
6. In the next few years _________________________________
.
d) Look at Jacque Martin’s notes before the interview. Use
them as key words to tell the class about the Arts Festival at Tawley.
30 years ago
not as important as
2 concerts
few visitors
music and art
Now
famous abroad
2 weeks
over 100,000 visitors
new films and TV programs
Text B
16. Read an extract from the article by Barbara Hoffman and
give answers to the following.
Why does classical music travel through
a) time?
b) cultures?
c) peoples?
Note!
Mozart [mqVtsRt] – Моцарт
Bach [bRk] – Бах
Gershwin [gE:SwIn] – Гершвин
anywhere – где$либо
a generation – поколение
relevant – уместный
a loss – потеря, утрата
a theme – тема
to articulate – отчетливо произносить
to express – выразить
Why Classical Music Still Rocks Our World
Part math, part magic, classical music travels through different countries. Visit a school anywhere in the world and you can
hear a melody of Mozart’s, even a bit of Bach.
230
Children love to play classical music very much. One generation after another is shocked to find music by great composers still
relevant. Maybe that’s because the big themes, like love and loss,
never go out of style.
Take Mozart. He was small, very thin and pale, with a head
that was too large for his body, and a nose that was too large for
his head. But his eyes were bright, his manner lively. And no one
was good at writing melodies as elegant and simple, as his.
In Gershwin’s music the harmony is all there, just as it was in
Mozart’s time – but now mixed in with jazz rhythms and blues.
Classical music serves us in real life, too. It’s hard to think of
many great movies without classical music. It lives in concert
halls and home stereos the world over.
Great music means a lot to us. It restores deep feelings within
us and articulates that which words can’t express. Clearly, then,
classical music continues to cross time, cultures and nations.
17. Tasks.
a) Answer the questions before the text.
b) Find the following phrases in the text and translate them into
Russian.
Part math – part magic; never go out of style; his lively manner; mixed in with jazz rhythms and blues; serves us in real life;
restores deep feelings.
c) Reorganize this plan according to the logic of the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Classical music lives in concert halls and home stereos.
Mozart’s manner was lively, his melodies were simple, but
elegant.
You can hear classical music in different countries.
Great music means a lot to us.
In Gershwin’s music the harmony is mixed in with jazz.
d) Write down 5 questions based on the plan and discuss them
in class.
231
e) On your own.
How musical are you?
What’s the role of music in your life?
What sort of music do you enjoy – classical, jazz or pop
music?
Who’s your favourite composer?
Can you act? In what sort of films would you like to act –
comedies, dramas, westerns or thrillers?
Do you like singing in public?
18.
Listen to these interviews.
a) Fill in the missing information in the chart with the facts from
the tape.
Note!
recorded [rIk O:d Id] music – музыка в записи
to sing in tune [tju:n] – петь в тон
a violin [,vaIqlIn] – скрипка
karaoke [,kriqVkI] – караоке
What is it?
Karaoke
________
Tango
______
Where does it take place?
________
______
What country does it come from?
________
______
Who can do it?
________
______
b) Answer.
Can you sing karaoke at home?
Is it difficult to sing the words in tune?
Can you dance tango? How often do you do it?
19. Roleplay Survival Game, page 217.
232
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 12
1. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы либо в форме “the
present continuous” (he is leaving), либо в форме “the present
simple” (it leaves).
Examples:
I/not/go out/tonight. I’m not going out tonight.
The concert/start/at 8.15. The concert starts at 8.15.
1. (He/have an operation/next week)...........................………… .
2. (Tom/take his sister/to the ballet/tomorrow).............………… .
3. (The conference/finish/on 10 May)..........................………… .
4. (My colleague/get married/next December)................………. .
5. (The Prime Minister/fly to America/tomorrow).......………….. .
6. (My train/leave/at 10.45).....................................………... .
7. (We/have some friends to lunch/this evening)..........………... .
8. (She/see a specialist/on Tuesday)...........................………….. .
2. Составьте диалоги из данных фраз. Используйте
конструкцию “going to” в утвердительных и вопросительных
предложениях.
Example:
A:
They / have a party tomorrow.
They’re going to have a party tomorrow.
B:
Who /they /invite?
Who are they going to invite?
A:
The Browns.
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
1.
She/make a speech next month.
Where/she/make a speech?
On TV.
2.
I/watch a video this evening.
Which video /you watch?
“Summer Holiday.”
233
A:
B:
A:
3.
They /buy a new car tomorrow.
Which car /they /buy?
Toyota, I think.
A:
B:
A:
4.
He /study Japanese at university.
Why /he study Japanese?
He wants to go and teach in Japan.
A:
B:
A:
5.
We /travel round the world next year.
Which countries /you /visit?
The USA, Australia and Indonesia.
A:
B:
A:
6.
I/go away for the weekend.
Where/you/spend it?
Out of town.
3. Read John’s letter home and write down 6 questions about
his new start in Quebec.
Dear Mum and Dad,
Well, this is my second day in Quebec. Next week I’m going to
start a new job with the Canadian company.
Everything is going just fine here. I’m meeting my new boss in
a small restaurant this evening.
The weather is going to be warm in September. Tomorrow is
Sunday and we are going sailing.
You can write to me at my office. I hope to hear from you soon.
All my love,
John
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________
234
4. Переведите данные предложения на английский язык,
используя “present continuous” и “going to” для передачи
будущего времени.
1. Вы сделаете то, что я вам скажу.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Что вы делаете сегодня вечером? – Идём на концерт.
____________________________________________________
3. Я встречаю их на вокзале завтра утром.
____________________________________________________
4. Сегодня днём Стив будет ремонтировать машину.
____________________________________________________
5. – Когда ваша дочь уезжает в отпуск?
– На следующей неделе. Она отправляется во Флориду.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Инспектор собирается задать вам несколько вопросов. Что
вы ему скажете?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Вместо точек вставьте пропущенные союзы.
who
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
that
because
as (2 times)
though where
when
while
Don’t forget to signal ______ turning right.
______ they live near us, we see them quite often.
The building ______ you can see over there is very old.
I’d like to spend my holiday ______ I can swim.
______ a child, I was very good at games.
My father ______ is an old sailor, often tells me stories
about the sea.
______ yesterday was a public holiday, all the shops were
closed.
“Why can’t I go?” “______ you’re too young”.
______ it was only 6 o’clock, there were few people in the
streets.
235
Word List (Unit 12)
A
abroad
Africa
ago
Argentina
arrival
as … as
B
Bach
Beethoven
briefing
C
Chile
Chopin
closing
conference$hall
continue
cross
Cyprus
F
festival
first of all
Florida
G
Geneva
I
important
K
karaoke
L
Latin America
236
M
magazine
melody
Mercedes
microphone
Mozart
O
opening
Q
Quebec
R
reception
S
San Francisco
Santiago
style
T
take place
tango
Tawley
V
violin
GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT
Unit 1
1. Понятие об артикле
Артикли – это служебные слова, которые не имеют
самостоятельного значения и являются особыми определите
лями существительных.
В английском языке существует два артикля –
неопределенный a/an и определенный the.
Неопределенный артикль употребляется с исчисляемыми
существительными только в единственном числе, так как он
произошел от числительного один. Существительное с
неопределенным артиклем дает название предмету, выражает
общее понятие о нем, тем самым указывая на его
принадлежность к какомулибо классу однородных предметов
или явлений:
This is a tie. This is a new tie.
Фонетический вариант неопределенного артикля аn
употребляется перед существительными, начинающимися с
гласного: an egg [qneg] (яйцо), an album (альбом).
Определенный артикль употребляется с исчисляемыми и
неисчисляемыми существительными, как в единственном, так
и во множественном числе в тех случаях, когда говорящему и
слушающему ясно, о чем идет речь. Как правило, если при
первом упоминании о предмете или лице существительное
требует неопределенного артикля, то в дальнейшем, при
сообщении дополнительных сведений о нем, существительное
употребляется с определенным артиклем, так как обозначает
уже известный предмет:
That is a sofa. The sofa is old.
Артикль ставится перед тем существительным, к которому
он относится. Если перед существительным стоит определение,
выраженное прилагательным, то артикль ставится перед всем
словосочетанием:
Не is a happy man.
237
Артикли не употребляются:
а) с именами собственными: Russia, Minsk, Elvis, Jane;
б) с существительными, обозначающими названия наук и
учебных предметов: Spanish, Italian, Russian History (История
России). Но: the English language [lNgwi];
в) а также в других случаях, о которых будет сказано далее.
2. Имена существительные
В английском языке имена существительные не имеют
грамматической категории рода. Все существительные,
обозначающие неодушевленные предметы, отвлеченные
понятия, вещества и животных, заменяются местоимением it.
Например:
The case is big, but it is empty.
The dog is nice. It’s a good friend, too.
Существительные, обозначающие живые существа женс
кого либо мужского пола, заменяются соответственно
местоимениями she (она) и he (он):
Helen is not late, she is on time.
3. Указательные местоимения this – этот, that – тот
This употребляется при указании на предмет, находящий
ся вблизи говорящего.
That употребляется при указании на предмет, находящий
ся поодаль от говорящего.
This is not a desk, that is a desk.
Указательные местоимения this/that в предложении могут
являться:
подлежащим:
This is coffee. And that is CocaCola.
определением:
This coffee is hot and that CocaCola is cold.
4. Простое предложение
Простые предложения бывают распространенными и
нераспространенными. Последние состоят только из главных
238
членов предложения – подлежащего и сказуемого:
Time
is money.
(подлежащее)
(сказуемое)
В состав простого распространенного предложения входят,
кроме главных членов предложения – подлежащего и
сказуемого, – также и второстепенные: определение, дополнение
или обстоятельства:
David is absent today.
В английском языке, ввиду отсутствия развитой системы
родовых, падежных и личных окончаний, грамматические
отношения между словами в предложении выражаются
главным образом порядком слов и предлогами. Поэтому
правильный порядок слов так важен.
Для английского предложения характерен прямой порядок
слов, изменение которого может привести к нарушению смысла
высказывания. Так, в английском повествовательном
предложении слова располагаются в следующем порядке:
подлежащее
сказуемое
прямое дополнение
обстоятельство
Life is busy today.
Как видно из приведенной схемы, обстоятельства времени
и места находятся обычно в конце предложения. Однако
обстоятельство времени может стоять и в начале предложения,
перед подлежащим:
Today life is busy.
5. Вопросительные предложения
Структура вопросительного предложения в английском
языке отличается от структуры повествовательного предло
жения порядком слов. Вопросы, требующие ответа да или нет,
называются общими вопросами. В английском языке они
начинаются с глагола:
Is
+
подлежащее
+
... ?
239
Общие вопросы произносятся с восходящим тоном, причем
в вопросах такого типа на глагол, с которого начинается вопрос,
обычно падает ударение:
Is the boss in NLondon?
На общие вопросы может даваться краткий утверди
тельный или отрицательный ответ, который произносится с
нисходящим тоном:
“Is the boss inNLondon?”
“PYes, he Pis. / PNo, he Pisn’t.” (PNo, he is Pnot)
Обратите внимание, что сокращенная форма isn’t [Iznt]
всегда стоит под ударением.
В разговорной речи, однако, краткий ответ состоит обычно
только из слов yes / no.
6. Главные члены предложения. Подлежащее. Сказуемое
В английском языке подлежащее может быть выражено
существительным или местоимением:
London is a city in Britain. It is big.
Сказуемое по своей структуре может быть:
– простым глагольным, обозначающим действие и
выраженным глаголом в любом времени, залоге и наклонении:
Have a nice day!
– составным именным, обозначающим состояние, качество,
принадлежность к классу предметов. Составное именное
сказуемое состоит из двух частей: глаголасвязки (например,
глагола to be) в личной форме и именной части, выраженной
именем существительным, прилагательным, числительным и
т.д. В отличие от русского языка, глаголсвязка в английском
языке никогда не опускается, хотя и не переводится.
This
His name
James
He
This man
He
James Green
His English
240
is
my friend.
James Green.
from New York.
American.
tall.
a sportsman.
a polite man.
very good.
7. Личные местоимения в именительном падеже
Лицо
1е
2e
3e
Единственное число
Множественное число
I–я
we – мы
you – ты, вы
you – вы
he – он
they – они
she – она
it – он, она, оно
(о неодушевленных
предметах)
Как видно из таблицы, русским местоимениям ты и вы
соответствует английское местоимение you.
Местоимение первого лица единственного числа I всегда
пишется с прописной буквы. Когда местоимение I является
одним из однородных подлежащих, оно ставится после других
подлежащих перед сказуемым:
Bob and I are here for the seminar.
8. Притяжательные местоимения
Притяжательные местоимения отвечают на вопрос whose?
(чей?) и обозначают принадлежность. Они имеют форму,
соотносящуюся с личными местоимениями.
I
my
мой
you
your
твой
ваш
he
his
его
she
her
её
it
its
его
её
we
our
наш
they
their
их
Эта форма притяжательных местоимений употребляется
только в функции определения к существительному и всегда
стоит перед ним. Артикль в этом случае не употребляется:
Give me your textbook, please.
Если перед существительным стоят другие определения, то
притяжательное местоимение предшествует всему словосо
четанию:
Meet my new English friend, please.
241
9. Спряжение глагола to be в настоящем времени
В разговорном английском языке личные местоимения и
глаголсвязка сливаются, образуя сокращения:
(+)
(?)
()
Единств. число
I’m (am)
you’re (are)
he’s
she’s (is)
it’s
Множеств. число
we’re (are)
you’re (are)
Единств. число
am I ?
are you ?
he ?
is
she ?
it ?
Единств. число
I’m not (am not)
you aren’t (are not)
he isn’t
she isn’t (is not)
it isn’t
Множеств. число
are we ?
are you ?
they’re (are)
are they ?
Множеств. число
we aren’t ( are not)
you aren’t ( are not)
they aren’t (are not)
В разговорном английском языке вместо формы ’m not
получила распространение сокращенная форма aren’t:
I’m right, aren’t I?
Unit 2
10. Специальные вопросы
Специальные вопросы – это вопросы, требующие специального ответа, содержащего запрашиваемую информацию.
Такие вопросы относятся к отдельным членам предложения и
начинаются с вопросительного слова, после чего предложение
строится по схеме общего вопроса (см. п. 5). Вопрос, относящийся
к обстоятельству места, начинается с вопросительного слова
where.
242
Where
Например:
+
am
is
are
+
подлежащее
+…?
“We’re from Moscow. Where are you from?”
“We’re from Chicago.”
11. Специальные вопросы к именной части сказуемого
Вопрос, относящийся к именной части сказуемого,
начинается с вопросительных слов what, how, whose, when,
where, why и т.п. Специальные вопросы, как правило,
произносятся с нисходящим тоном:
Where is this Pletter , from? How soon will they be Pback?
Если ядром коммуникативного высказывания является
вопросительное слово, то вопрос может выражать стремление
говорящего уточнить имеющуюся информацию, его удивление,
интерес или симпатию. В подобных вопросах используется
восходящий тон. Сравните:
Why are you Nlate?
12. Множественное число имён существительных
Множественное число большинства имён существительных
образуется путем прибавления окончания (e)s к существи
тельному в единственном числе:
[z]
после сонантов, гласных и звонких
согласных звуков:
room – rooms, boy – boys, job – jobs;
[s]
после глухих согласных звуков:
bank – banks, text – texts, plate – plates.
Существительные, оканчивающиеся на шипящие и
свистящие s, ss, се, sh, ch, x, во множественном числе принимают
окончание es, которое читается
[Iz]:
box – boxes
face – faces
boss – bosses
watch – watches
К именам существительным, оканчивающимся на у с
предшествующей согласной, прибавляется окончание es, и у
243
меняется на i:
city – cities
family – families
party – parties
story – stories
Если же перед у стоит гласная, то никаких изменений не
происходит и множественное число образуется путем
прибавления окончания s:
day – days
play – plays
Множественное число имен существительных, оканчи
вающихся на f, fe, образуется путем замены f на согласную v
и прибавления окончания es:
life – lives
shelf – shelves
half – halves
knife – knives
У некоторых существительных сохранились архаичные
формы множественного числа:
man – men
child – children
woman – women foot – feet
13. Образование количественных числительных
Количественные числительные обозначают количество
предметов и отвечают на вопрос how many (сколько):
1
one
7
seven
2
two
8
eight
3
three
9
nine
4
four
10
ten
5
five
11
eleven
6
six
12
twelve
Количественные числительные от 13 до 19 образуются
прибавлением суффикса teen к соответствующему числи
тельному первого десятка:
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
17 seventeen 18 eighteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
19 nineteen
Как следует из таблицы, у числительных thirteen и fifteen
происходят изменения в основе.
244
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Если за существительным следует числительное, обозначающее
номер, то перед существительным артикль не употребляется:
Room 7, Bus 12.
14. Указательные местоимения this / that
Указательные местоимения this / that имеют форму
множественного числа these (эти) / those (те). В английских
предложениях, начинающихся с подлежащего, выраженного
these/those, глаголсвязка и именная часть составного
сказуемого также употребляются во множественном числе:
These are my flowers and those are Sally’s.
15. Словообразование
В английском языке имеются два основных способа
словообразования: словопроизводство и словосложение.
Словопроизводство – образование слова путем прибавления
к основе слова аффиксов, т.е. префиксов или суффиксов: bank
– banker, comfort – comfortable.
Словосложение – это сложение двух или нескольких основ,
в результате которого получаются новые слова, которые
называются сложными. Значение сложных слов обычно
складывается из значений их компонентов. Сложные слова
чаще всего пишутся слитно, например:
homework (home – домашняя, work – работа).
В сложных словах, образованных путем словосложения,
ударение падает в большинстве случаев на первое слово:
blackboard, briefcase, newspaper, lunchtime, seaside, lifestyle.
Unit 3
16. Разделительный вопрос
Кроме общих вопросов, в английском языке существуют
еще так называемые расчленённые (разделительные) вопросы:
Linda isn’t ill, is she?
245
Эти вопросы, так же как и общие вопросы, требуют
утвердительного или отрицательного ответа, т.е. подтверждения
или отрицания мысли, выраженной в вопросе. Они делятся как
бы на две части: повествовательное предложение и минивопрос,
состоящий из соответствующего вспомогательного глагола в
требуемой форме и личного местоимения в именительном
падеже. Первая часть произ носится с нисходящим тоном, а
вторая – чаще всего с восхо дящим тоном:
The sofa is Pred,Nisn’t it?
В русском языке минивопросу соответствуют вопро
сительные обороты правда? не так ли? или усилительная
частица “ведь” в составе вопросительного предложения.
(+)
()
утвердит. предложение
отрицательн. минивопрос
()
(+)
отрицательн. предложение
утвердительн. минивопрос
Причем, в случае согласия ответ всегда совпадает с первой
частью вопроса:
“That man is British, isn’t he?”
“Yes, he is.”(согласие) “No, he isn’t.”(несогласие)
“That man isn’t British, is he?”
“No, he isn’t” (согласие) “Yes, he is “(неcoгласие)
17. Инфинитив
Инфинитив – неопределенная форма глагола, которая не
имеет ни лица, ни числа и отвечает на вопрос – Что (с)делать?
В английском языке инфинитив характеризуется частицей to:
It’s time to go home. Пора идти домой.
It’s difficult to speak English. Поанглийски говорить трудно.
Заметьте, что в указанных примерах, соответствующих
русским безличным предложениям, местоимение it упот
ребляется в качестве подлежащего, но на русский язык не
переводится, как и глаголсвязка is.
246
18. Объектный падеж личных местоимений
В английском языке личные местоимения имеют кроме
именительного падежа еще и объектный падеж.
Именительный падеж
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
Объектный падеж
меня
мне
вас
вам
его
ему
её
ей
его(её)
ему(ей)
нас
нам
вас
вам
их
им
Личные местоимения в объектном падеже употребляются в
функции дополнения как предложного, так и беспредложного,
и соответствуют в русском языке винительному и дательному
падежам:
Give him a new job.
Give a new job to him.
19. Побудительные предложения
Побудительные предложения выражают приказание или
просьбу, обращённую либо непосредственно к собеседнику,
либо к третьему лицу. Такие предложения могут быть как
утвердительными, так и отрицательными.
Просьба и приказание, обращенные непосредственно к
собеседнику, выражаются предложением с глаголом в
повелительном наклонении. Утвердительная форма глагола в
повелительном наклонении как для единственного, так и для
множественного числа совпадает с основой смыслового глагола.
Come in!
Войди(те)!
Close the door, please!
Закрой(те), пожалуйста, дверь!
Be polite, please!
Будь(те) вежлив(ы)!
Для выражения просьбы или приказания, не обращенных
непосредственно к собеседнику, используется следующая схема
образования побудительных предложений:
247
Let
+
личное
местоимение
в объектном падеже
+
основа
смыслового
глагола
Let me help you.
Позвольте мне вам помочь.
Let us (let’s) go there.
Пойдем(те) туда.
Let him do it.
Пусть он это сделает.
Let her do it.
Пусть она это cделает.
Let them do it.
Пусть они это сделают.
При обращении к 3ему лицу вместо личного местоимения
в объектном падеже может использоваться существительное, к
примеру:
Let Sandra read the text.
Let these students translate it.
Unit 4
20. Падежи имен существительных.
Общий и притяжательный падеж
Существительные в общем падеже (tie, knife) упот
ребляются в различных функциях:
подлежащего:
The people from America are very nice.
именной части составного сказуемого:
They’re businessmen.
дополнения:
Show me your passport, please.
обстоятельства:
My friend is in a firm.
Как видим, позиция выделенных слов указывает на
функцию существительного в предложении. Отношение
существительного в общем падеже к другим словам в
предложении определяется его местом в предложении или
предлогом.
В отношениях между двумя существительными, когда
второе существительное является определением к первому,
значение принадлежности выражается предлогом of. Предлог
of может употребляться с любым существительным, обозна
чающим одушевлённые и неодушевлённые предметы:
248
a box of matches
a map of England
the door of my room
the photo of that engineer
Как правило, если существительное обозначает оду
шевленный предмет, то значение принадлежности выражается
формой притяжательного падежа, который образуется с помо
щью окончания s, а на письме обозначается еще и апострофом
(’):
Mr. Brown’s name – имя гна Брауна
my friend’s computer – компьютер моего друга
Следует отметить, что правила чтения окончания притя
жательного падежа совпадают с правилами чтения окончаний
множественного числа имён существительных в общем падеже.
Притяжательный падеж имён существительных во
множественном числе также обозначается на письме апост
рофом (’), а в чтении и речи ничем не отличается от единственного числа:
the Browns’ children – дети Браунов
my friends’ computer – компьютер моих друзей
21. Грамматические формы have / have got
(+)
()
(?)
I
We
You
They
He
She
I
We
You
They
He
She
Have
Has
have got
’ve got
has got
’s got
two sisters.
haven’t (got)
any money.
hasn’t (got)
I
we
you
he
she
Yes, I have. /No, I haven’t.
(got) a car?
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
249
Have и have got используются в значении “иметь, обладать”
и переводятся на русский язык “у меня (у него и т.д.) есть”:
I’ve got a camera.
I have a camera.
She’s got three children.
She has three children.
He’s got brown hair.
He has brown hair.
Грамматическая форма have got в отличие от have менее
официальна и характерна для разговорного английского, в
частности, его британского варианта:
Have you got a camera?
Между тем грамматическая форма have в большей степени
присуща американскому варианту, а также письменному стилю
британского варианта английского языка:
The Prime Minister has a meeting with the President today.
22. Альтернативные вопросы
Альтернативный вопрос – это вопрос, предполагающий в
ответе выбор между двумя или более предметами, действиями
или качествами, выраженными однородными членами
предложения (дополнениями, определениями или обстоя
тельствами), соединёнными союзом or. Альтернативные во
просы по форме совпадают с общими, но требуют таких же
ответов, как и специальные вопросы.
Сравните:
Общий вопрос
“Are you NRussian?”
“Yes, I am.”
Альтернативный вопрос
“Are you NRussian or PBritish?”
“I’m Russian. / I’m British.”
23. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no
Неопределенные местоимения обычно являются опреде
лениями к существительным и стоят вместо артикля.
some (+)
Let’s look at some photograph. (какаянибудь)
Let’s look at some photographs. (несколько)
Take some money, please. (не переводится)
250
any ()
He hasn’t got any umbrella(s). (никакого / никаких)
He hasn’t got any money. (нисколько)
any (?)
Have you got any document(s)? (какойнибудь /
какиенибудь)
Is there any milk in the fridge? (скольконибудь,
часто не переводится)
any (+)
Give me any book(s) to read. (любые)
Come any time you like.
no ()
We have no album(s) at home. (никакого / никаких)
We have no time. (нисколько)
Unit 5
24. Оборот “there is / are”
There is / are +
(+)
()
There is
There are
подлежащее + обстоятельство места
a student
no students
in the classroom.
in the classroom.
Короткий ответ:
“Is there a cinema in South Street?”
“Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.”
Предложения с оборотом there is/are употребляются для
обозначения нахождения, наличия, существования или
отсутствия какоголибо лица или предмета в определенном
месте. В русском языке они соответствуют предложениям,
начинающимся с обстоятельства места.
Сравните:
Кошелек в сумке.
The purse is in the bag.
В сумке есть кошелек. There’s a purse in the bag.
Конструкция there is/are часто переводится на русский
язык глаголами висеть, лежать, стоять:
251
There’s a book on the table. На столе лежит книга.
There are pictures on the wall. На стене висят картины.
There’s a bookcase in the corner. В углу стоит книжный
шкаф.
Поскольку в обороте there is слово there не имеет
самостоятельного значения, при переводе на английский язык
предложений с наречием “там”, необходимо в конце
предложения употребить наречие there. Так, предложение Там
много народу, следует перевести следующим образом:
There’re a lot of people there.
Если в предложении с указанной конструкцией имеется
несколько однородных членов, то вспомогательный глагол
обычно согласуется с существительным, непосредственно
следующим за ним.
Сравните:
There is a chair and two desks.
There are two desks and a chair.
25. Наречия much, many, (a) little, (a) few, a lot of
Все существительные делятся на исчисляемые и
неисчисляемые существительные. Некоторые наречия могут
использоваться только с исчисляемыми или только с неис
числяемыми существительными. Рассмотрим следующую
таблицу.
мало
немного
много
Исчисляемые
существительные
Неисчисляемые
существительные
few (houses)
a few
many
little (money)
a little
much
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
В утвердительном предложении в значении много употребляются, как правило, выражения a lot of, lots of как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными.
252
Чтобы задать вопрос “Сколько?” (Как много?),
используются сочетания:
How many … ? с исчисляемыми существительными;
How much … ? с неисчисляемыми существительными.
Сравните:
How many bus stops are there in your street?
How much milk is there in the refrigerator?
26. Количественные числительные, обозначающие десятки
Количественные числительные, обозначающие десятки,
образуются прибавлением суффикса ty к соответствующему
числительному первого десятка.
20
twenty
30
thirty
21
22
twentyone twentytwo 40
forty
50
fifty
60
sixty
70
seventy
29
twentynine
80
eighty
90
ninety
Как видно из приведенной таблицы, сложные числи
тельные пишутся через дефис.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
У числительных twenty, thirty и fifty происходят изменения в
основе, а в числительном forty выпадает буква u.
100 one hundred
200 two hundred
300 three hundred
………….………………….
………………….………….
………….………………….
………………….………….
900 nine hundred
1,000 one thousand
2,000 two thousand
3,000 three thousand
……………………..…....
…………………..........
10,000 ten thousand
100,000 one hundred thousand
1,000,000 one million
С числительными hundred, thousand, million употребляется
неопределенный артикль а или числительное one: a (one) hundred, a (one) thousand, a (one) million. Эти числительные не
253
принимают во множественном числе окончания s за
исключением тех случаев, когда они употребляются в значении
существительных.
Сравните:
two hundred years
двести лет
millions of people
миллионы людей
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Между сотнями и десятками ставится союз and.
Например: eight hundred and seventynine.
Unit 6
27. Порядковые числительные
Порядковые числительные отвечают на вопрос which?
(который?) За исключением числительных first, second, third,
они образуются от соответствующих количественных
числительных путем прибавления суффикса th и всегда
употребляются с определенным артиклем:
the seventh month, the fourth programme
При образовании порядковых числительных от числительных, оканчивающихся на ty, буква у заменяется на i и прибавляется суффикс eth [IT]:
1st – first
2nd – second
3rd – third
4th – fourth
5th – fifth
6th – sixth
7th – seventh
8th – eighth
13th – thirteenth
14th – fourteenth
15th – fifteenth
16th – sixteenth
18th – eighteenth
17th – seventeenth 19th – nineteenth
20th – twentieth
21st – twentyfirst
22nd – twentysecond
………………………
29th – twentyninth
30th – thirtieth
254
9th – ninth
10th – tenth
11th – eleventh
12th – twelfth
40th – fortieth
50th – fiftieth
60th – sixtieth
70th – seventieth
80th – eightieth
90th – ninetieth
one hundredth
one thousandth
one millionth
Из таблицы явствует, что в сложных числительных
происходит замена последнего количественного числительного
порядковым:
three hundred and ten – the three hundred and tenth.
28. Даты читаются следующим образом:
in the winter of 2006 (two thousand and six);
on 25 January (on the twentyfifth of January)
29. Описание кого?либо или чего?либо в ответе на вопрос
“What ... like?”
What
+
am / is / are
What
+
подлежащее
+
like ?
’s ( is) your teacher
like?
are his parents
’s ( is) the weather
She’s very patient.
They’re very kind.
It’s beautiful.
What is he / she like? означает “Какой он / она?”. Слово like
в ответе не употребляется, поскольку в данном вопросе это не
глагол, а предлог:
“What’s Jim like?”
“He’s intelligent and kind, and he’s got lovely blue eyes.”
30. Видо?временная система английского глагола
Английские времена рассматриваются в плане двух
значений: времени и аспекта. Когда происходит действие – в
255
настоящем, прошедшем или будущем? Как оно соотносится с
моментом речи – как уже свершившееся, в процессе развития
или регулярно повторяющееся?
Таблица видо?временных форм английского глагола
Время
Аспект Продолженный
Continuous
Действие
в процессе
Простой
Simple
Констатация
факта или
регулярное
действие
Совершенный Совершенный
Perfect
продолженный
Perfect
Continuous
Действие,
завершившееся к определенному
моменту
Действие в
процессе,
длящееся до
определённого момента
Настоящее
Present
пишет
пишет письма
(сейчас)
(вообще)
Не is writing. Не writes
letters.
написал
(к
настоящему
моменту)
Не has written
a letter.
пишет
(действие
началось в
прошлом и
происходит
до сих пор)
He has been
writing for
two hours.
Прошедшее
Past
писал
писал
(в определен (в прошлом)
ный момент Не wrote a lot
в прошлом) of letters when
Не was writ- he was ill.
ing at 5 o'clock
yesterday.
написал
(до определ.
момента
в прошлом)
Не had written some exercises by 6
o’clock
yesterday.
писал
(до
другого
события
в
прошлом)
He had been
writing before
I came.
будет писать
(в
опр.
момент
в
будущем)
Не will be
writing a test
at 10 tomorrow morning.
напишет
(к определен
н о м у
моменту в
будущем)
Не will have
written a letter by tomorrow.
будет писать
(до
опр.
момента
в
будущем)
On Saturday
he will have
been writing
his report for
a week.
Будущее
Future
256
будет писать
(в будущем)
Не will write
letters from
England.
31. The Present Сontinuous Tense
(Настоящее продолженное время)
Am / is / are
+
глагол ing
Заметьте, что при прибавлении окончания ing к основе
глагола происходят некоторые орфографические изменения.
1. Конечная “немая” буква е отбрасывается:
make – making
за исключением тех случаев, когда буква е читается:
be – being
see – seeing
2. Для сохранения краткого чтения корневой гласной
конечная согласная перед ing удваивается:
sit – sitting
begin – beginning
3. Сочетание ie в корне стягивается в букву у:
die – dying
lie – lying
4. Конечная у при прибавлении ing всегда сохраняется:
cry – crying
study – studying
play – playing
(+)
()
(+)
()
(+)
()
I
’m (am)
’m not
He
She
It
’s (is)
isn’t
We
You
They
’re (are)
aren’t
eating.
Короткий ответ:
“Are you listening to music?”
“Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.”
257
Сравните структуру утвердительного и вопросительного
предложений.
They are
talking about politics.
Are
they
talking about politics?
What
are
they
talking about?
What
are
they
doing?
Present Continuous употребляется:
1) для выражения незавершенного действия, проис
ходящего в данный момент речи:
They’re playing football in the garden.
Они играют в футбол в саду.
Указание на время действия в таком предложении не
обязательно, поскольку сама форма глагола указывает на
действие, происходящее в настоящий момент. Но иногда
употребляются слова now – сейчас, at present (at the moment) – в
данный момент, still – все еще.
2) для обозначения действия, происходящего в это время,
но не обязательно сию минуту:
I’m reading a book by Henry James.
She’s studying history at university.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
1. Present Continuous может употребляться для обозначения
предварительной договоренности на ближайшее будущее с
глаголами движения, а также с глаголами to meet, to play, to
start:
They’re coming on Friday.
I’m meeting Miss Boyd at 10 o’clock.
He’s starting French lessons next week.
2. Глаголы to be, to like, to see, to hear, to understand и некоторые
другие глаголы физического и умственного восприятия в форме
Continuous не употребляются.
32. Вопросительные слова
Для построения вопросов в английском языке исполь
зуются следующие вопросительные слова:
258
what
who
where
when
which
why
how
whose
“Why is she crying?”
“Because she’s upset.”
“Where are you going?” “To Baker Street.”
Вопросительные слова what, which и whose могут
употребляться перед существительными:
“What size is your suit?”
“It’s 16.”
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Обратите внимание на то, что после вопросительных слов what,
what kind of существительное употребляется без артикля:
“What kind of city is Boston?”
“It’s a big city.”
Вопросительное слово whose (чей) употребляется в вопросе
к определению, обозначающему принадлежность предмета:
“Whose coat is this?”
“It’s mine.”
Как правило, вопросительное слово which (который)
употребляется в значении “из данного числа предметов”:
Which is your husband? The blond one or the dark one?
Вопросительное слово how употребляется с прила
лагательным или наречием:
How old are you?
How big is his new car?
How fast does it go?
Unit 7
33. Абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений
В английском языке, кроме присоединяемой формы
притяжательных местоимений, которая, подобно прилагательному, употребляется в предложении в функции определения,
существует ещё и самостоятельная, так называемая абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений.
259
I
my
mine
he
his
his
we
our ours
she her hers
you your yours
they their theirs
Как показывает само название, эта форма притяжательных
местоимений употребляется самостоятельно, в функциях,
свойственных существительному, а именно: подлежащего,
части сказуемого, дополнения и т.д.
“What is your favourite colour?”
“Mine is red and yours?”
34. The Present Simple Tense (Простое настоящее время)
(+)
()
I
We
You
They
(+)
()
He
She
It
Do
(?)
Does
live
don’t live
lives
doesn’t live
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
do
(?)
Where
does
live
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
near here.
near here.
near here?
live?
Короткий ответ:
“Do you like Peter?”
“Yes, I do.”
“Does she speak French?”
“No, she doesn’t.”
Present Simple употребляется:
1) для обозначения привычки, регулярно повторяющегося
действия:
260
I get up at 7.30. Я встаю в 7.30.
Americans travel a lot. Aмериканцы много путешествуют.
2) для констатации реального факта:
Vegetarians don’t eat meat. Вегетарианцы не едят мяса.
We come from Spain. Мы родом из Испании.
3) для обозначения обычного, постоянного действия:
How often do you go to Oxford? Как часто вы ездите в
Оксфорд?
She works in a bank. Она работает в банке.
35. Образование формы 3?его лица единственного числа
(The Present Simple Tense)
1. Форма 3его лица единственного числа настоящего
простого времени образуется при помощи окончания 3(e)s,
которое читается по правилам чтения буквы s в конце слов (см.
п. 12 данного грамматического приложения).
[s]
get – gets
like – likes
smoke – smokes
[z]
give – gives
stay – stays
run – runs
[Iz]
use – uses
watch – watches
relax – relaxes
2. Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на о, принимают в 3ем лице
единственного числа окончание es: go – goes [gqVz], do – does
[dAz]
3. Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на букву у с предшествующей
согласной, принимают окончание es, причем буква у заменяется
буквой i:
study – studies
marry – marries
Но: play – plays
36. Наречия неопределенного времени
Present Simple употребляется с наречиями неопре
деленного времени always / never / often / seldom / sometimes /
usually, которые, как правило, стоят перед смысловым
глаголом:
I usually go to work by car but I sometimes walk.
261
The weather here is not very good. It often rains.
Однако в повествовательном предложении с глаголом to be
эти наречия ставятся после глагола to be:
Carol is always at college in the morning. Кэрол по утрам
занимается в колледже.
They are seldom at home. Они редко бывают дома.
Вместо seldom для выражения его значения может
употребляться наречие often в отрицательном предложении:
I don’t meet him very often.
Обратите внимание на то, что наречие sometimes может
также находиться в начале предложения:
Sometimes we’re late but it doesn’t happen very often.
37. Сочетание глагола to have с существительным
Глагол to have в сочетании с существительными breakfast /
dinner / class / a cigar передаёт действие, т.е. завтракать,
обедать, заниматься, курить. При употреблении указанных
словосочетаний в Present Simple для образования отрицания
или вопроса требуются вспомогательные глаголы: do / does /
don’t / doesn’t.
“Do you have lunch at 2.00?”
“No, I don’t.”
В отличие от глагола to have в значении “иметь, обладать”,
вышеназванные словосочетания могут употребляться также во
временах группы Perfect и Continuous.
Have you had a good time? Вы хорошо провели время?
He’s just having a shower. Именно сейчас он принимает
душ.
38. Present Simple and Present Continuous
Обратите внимание на разницу в использовании выше
названных времён:
I watch TV nearly every night.
Oh! I’m watching a good film!
Annie works in an office.
It’s Sunday now. She isn’t working. She’s reading at home.
262
В следующей таблице приведены варианты указанных
грамматических явлений. Сравните правильные и неправильные
варианты.
x
Where is she coming from?
v
Where does she come from?
x
v
Are you liking Coke?
Do you like Coke?
x
v
Who do you speak to on the telephone?
Who are you speaking to on the telephone?
x
v
I read a good book at the moment.
I'm reading a good book at the moment.
39. Сложноподчиненные предложения
Сложноподчиненные предложения состоят из главного и
придаточного предложений. Придаточное предложение
поясняет главное и соединяется с ним при помощи подчинительных союзов и союзных слов:
Не writes that he drives a new car.
Наличие подлежащего в английском придаточном пред
ложении обязательно.
Придаточные предложения делятся на именные
(выполняющие функцию имени существительного – подлежащего, дополнения, именной части сказуемого) и обстоятельства.
Примером именного придаточного предложения может
служить дополнительное придаточное, которое отвечает на
вопрос что? и соединяется с главным предложением чаще всего
при помощи союзных слов и союза that (что), который часто
опускается. Такое присоединение называется бессоюзным:
I don’t think (that) she’s in now. Я думаю, что её сейчас
нет дома.
263
Unit 8
40. Оборот would like (to do) sth
“Would you like ... ?” является вежливой формой
предложения чеголибо или приглашения к чемулибо.
“Would you like some coffee?”
“Yes, please. / Yes, I’d love some.”
“Would you like to go for a walk?”
“Yes, I would. / No, thank you.”
Обратите внимание, что при отказе от приглашения никогда
не употребляется форма No, I wouldn’t, поскольку она считается
невежливой.
I’d like используется для выражения предпочтений:
(in a restaurant) I’d like fish, please. Мне бы хотелось
рыбы.
I’d like to see the film on TV this evening. Сегодня
вечером
я бы хотел посмотреть фильм по телевизору.
41. Вопросительно?отрицательные предложения
Отрицательная форма специальных вопросов образуется
при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая в разговорной речи часто сливается со вспомогательным или
модальным глаголом, стоящим перед подлежащим: don’t,
doesn’t, hasn’t, haven’t, isn’t, aren’t и т.д.
Why doesn’t Harry fix his car?
Why isn’t he coming to see us?
Отрицательная форма общего вопроса придает ему
некоторый оттенок удивления. Такие предложения переводятся
на русский язык как вопросы, начинающиеся со слов разве,
неужели:
Don’t you know about the conference? Разве вы не знаете о
конференции?
42. Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения
Don’t (do not)
Don’t
264
+
основа глагола
do it.
Don’t
go too fast, please.
Don’t
turn off the lights, please.
Вспомогательный глагол на русский язык не переводится.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения от глагола to
be также образуется с помощью отрицательной формы глагола to
do:
Don’t be so upset, please.
Чтобы предложения в повелительном наклонении не
звучали слишком категорично, при использовании указанной
формы рекомендуется добавлять слово “please”.
43. Наречия much, (a) little
Смотрите таблицу наречий, приведенную в п. 25 (Unit
Five).
Unit 9
44. Вопросы к подлежащему
Вопросы к подлежащему образуются при помощи
вопросительных местоимений who, whose, what, which. Whom
являются формой объектного падежа местоимения who и
используются в вопросах к дополнению.
know
I
him
knows
Who
him?
(вопрос к подлежащему)
Whom do you know?
(вопрос к дополнению)
В вопросах к подлежащему сохраняется прямой порядок
слов, и нет надобности в использовании do / does, поскольку
подлежащим в этих предложениях являются сами вопросительные слова. Сравните в примерах два типа вопросов: к
подлежащему и к дополнению.
265
Subject
Who travels to Africa?
Who tells you the news?
What is making that noise?
Object
Whom do you meet there?
Whom do you talk to?
What are you talking about?
На вопросы к подлежащему или к его определению обычно
даются краткие ответы, которые состоят из подлежащего и
соответствующего вспомогательного глагола:
“Which of them speaks English well?” “ Philip does.”
Whose children go to school?” “ Mine do.”
45. Инфинитив или ?ing?
like
dislike
hate
enjoy
love
Вышеназванные глаголы часто требуют после себя
употребления глаголов в форме ing:
Ann hates flying.
Why do you like living here?
Как правило, конструкция like doing обозначает занятие,
которое приходится по душе говорящему:
Do you like cooking? (= Do you enjoy it?)
I don’t like driving. (= I don’t enjoy it.)
Когда передача этого значения не предполагается,
используется “I like to do”:
I like to wash my hair twice a week.
(This doesn’t mean that I enjoy it. It means that I think it is
a good thing to do.)
46. Определительные придаточные предложения
Определительные придаточные предложения отвечают на
вопросы what? / which? (какой? / который?) и вводятся
относительными местоимениями who, that, which. Местоимение
who употребляется, когда придаточное предложение определяет
одушевлённое существительное; which – когда речь идет о
предметах и животных; that может относиться к любому
существительному и местоимению, как например:
266
The man who (that) lives next door is very friendly.
Jim is wearing a hat which (that) is too big for him.
В тех придаточных предложениях, где есть своё подлежащее,
союзное слово можно опустить:
The film (that) I’m watching is dull.
47. Модальные глаголы. Модальный глагол can
В английском языке имеется группа глаголов, лексическое
значение которых не обозначает действия, а выражает
отношение к действию, т.е. возможность, вероятность или
необходимость совершения действия. Такие глаголы
называются модальными, а само действие выражается
смысловым глаголом, следующим за модальным.
can
may
must
+
oснова
глагола
Как видим, указанные модальные глаголы требуют после
себя инфинитива без частицы to.
My little son can read but he cannot write.
Мой маленький сын умеет читать, но не умеет писать.
(В отрицательной форме глагол can пишется слитно с
отрицательной частицей not.)
Обратите внимание на то, что в вопросах модальный глагол
саn, являясь вспомогательным, ставится перед подлежащим:
I can speak Arabic.
Can you speak Arabic?
What foreign language can you speak?
Короткий ответ:
“Can he fix a bike?”
“Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.”
Модальный глагол can употребляется для выражения
следующих значений:
возможности, умений, способности:
I can learn to type.
разрешения:
You can go home.
267
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Для выражения разрешения употребляется также глагол may,
но предложения с глаголом may носят более официальный
характер:
You may come in.
вежливой просьбы:
“Can you do it for me?” / “Can you do me a favour?”
“Yes, I think I can. / Certainly I can.”
“No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, I’m sorry I can’t.”
Unit 10
48. Модальное выражение “have to”
have
has
+
to
+
(+)
()
I
We
You
They
have
don't have
(+)
()
He
She
It
has
doesn't have
Do
(?)
Does
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
infinitive
to get up
early.
to get up
early.
have to get up
early?
Короткий ответ:
“Do you have to wear a tie at work?” “Yes, I do.”
“Does he have to leave now?” “No, he doesn’t.”
Модальное выражение have to / has to выражает
необходимость выполнения действия в зависимости от
обстоятельств:
She has to wash her clothes.
The doctor says you have to do more exercises.
268
Don’t / doesn’t have to обозначает отсутствие необходимости:
Robert doesn’t have to go to the lecture today.
Unit 11
49. Основные формы глагола
В английской грамматике основными считаются 4 формы
глагола:
work – worked – worked – working
study – studied – studied – studying
инфинитив;
форма прошедшего времени;
так называемое причастие прошедшего времени
(причастие II), что соответствует в русском языке страдательному причастию прошедшего времени;
так называемое причастие настоящего времени (причастие
I), что соответствует в русском языке действительному
причастию настоящего времени.
По способу образования форм прошедшего времени и
причастия II глаголы делятся на две группы – правильные и
неправильные.
50. Глагол to be в простом прошедшем времени
(The Past Simple Tense)
Глагол to be – единственный неправильный английский
глагол, который имеет две формы прошедшего времени.
единственное число
множественное число
I
He
She
It
We
You
They
+
+
was
were +
+
…
…
269
Was в Past Simple соответствует русским глаголам был,
была, а were – были.
(+) My grandfather was sick last Sunday.
() Keith and Mary were not busy yesterday.
51. Сокращенные утвердительные и отрицательные
предложения
Предложения типа So am I / Neither do I употребляются
для распространения на какоето лицо высказывания, отно
сящегося первоначально к другому лицу.
Если первое предложение утвердительное, то вслед за ним
употребляется сокращенное утвердительное предложение,
которое строится при помощи слова so (также) и
соответствующего вспомогательного глагола, который
согласуется с последующим личным местоимением в имени
ельном падеже или существительным в общем падеже:
“Jane is studying hard.” “So are we.”
“Your friend speaks French.” “So do I.”
Если же первое предложение отрицательное, то сокращенное
отрицательное предложение строится при помощи слова neither / nor (также не) и соответствующего вспомогательного
глагола, который согласуется с после дующим личным
местоимением в именительном падеже или существительным в
общем падеже:
“Mrs. Shawn doesn’t drive.” “Neither does my mother.”
“They aren’t bankers.” “Neither are we.”
Unit 12
52. Оборот going to do sth (собираться что?то сделать)
am
is
are
270
+
going
+
infinitive
(?)
(+)
()
I’m (am)
’m not
(+)
()
He’s (is)
She isn’t
It is / isn’t
(+)
()
We ’re (are)
You aren’t
They are / aren’t
(?)
Are
Is
Are
you
he / she / it
we / you / they
going to do it?
When
am
is
are
I
he / she / it
we / you / they
going to do it?
going to do it.
Короткий ответ:
“Are they going to move to New York?”
“Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.”
Оборот going to используется говорящим после принятия
решения
а) для обозначения запланированного действия:
She isn’t going to have a birthday party. Она не собирается
устраивать день рождения.
How long are they going to stay in Rome? Как долго они
пробудут в Риме?
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
1. В плане выражения намерения на ближайщее будущее going
to используется более широко, чем Present Continuous.
Сравните:
I’m going to sell the car. (Предварительной договоренности
нет.)
I’m selling the car. (Покупатель найден.)
2. Для обозначения будущего также используется Present Simple
с обстоятельством времени, когда речь идет о событии, которое
не всегда имеет отношение к говорящему, а скорее обусловлено
программой или расписанием:
271
The plane for London lands at 9.30.
Our new shop opens next week.
3. Для обозначения вероятности свершения в будущем
соответствующего действия или события:
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
You work so hard. You’re going to be rich and successful.
53. Обстоятельственные придаточные предложения
Обстоятельственные придаточные предложения вы
полняют в предложении функцию различных обстоятельств.
По своему значению они делятся на обстоятельственные
предложения времени, места, причины, следствия, образа
действия, уступительные, цели, условия.
В отличие от русского языка, обстоятельственные
придаточные предложения отделяются запятой лишь в том
случае, если они стоят перед главным предложением.
а)
Примером
обстоятельственных
придаточных
предложений могут служить придаточные предложения
времени, которые отвечают на вопрос когда? и вводятся
подчинительным союзом when и рядом других союзов: till /
until (пока, до тех пор); before (прежде чем, до того как); after
(поcле того как) и т.д.
Switch off the lights before you leave.
Когда речь идет о возрасте или какомто отрезке времени,
предпочтительнее использовать союз when.
When I was a child I was in Egypt. В детстве я побывал в
Египте.
После союзов when и while подлежащее вместе с глаголом be
нередко опускаются.
Answer when ready. (= When you are ready)
б) Условное придаточное предложение выражает условие,
необходимое для совершения действия главного предложения,
и вводится союзом if (если):
Let me read the story if it’s interesting.
в) Обстоятельственные придаточные предложения причины
указывают на причину совершения действия и отвечают на
вопрос why? (почему?). Они вводятся подчинительными
союзами because (потому что), since и as (так как, поскольку):
272
Tom is smiling because he’s happy.
(Здесь важна причина, и на нее ставится акцент во второй
части предложения.)
As it’s raining again, we have to stay home.
(Предложение начинается с сообщения причины, которая
не является новостью для собеседников.)
г) Уступительные придаточные предложения указывают на
обстоятельство, вопреки которому совершается действие
главного предложения. Они соединяются с главным предложением союзами though, although (хотя).
Although my car is old, it still runs very well.
SELF?STUDY
Answers and transcripts
UNIT 1
Test 1
Answers
1.
1. am; am. 2. are; aren’t; is; is. 3. am; is; are ; aren’t; are.
2.
1. a thin pencil
2. that nice man
3. a thick notebook
4. this empty flat
5. a good film
6. a full cup
7. bad coffee
8. cold CocaCola
9. that big map
10. an old friend
4.
Good morning!
My name’s Andrei. I’m Russian and I’m from Moscow. This is
my new friend. His name’s Phil. He’s American and he’s from
New York.
We’re pleased to meet Phil. He’s a nice and polite man, and his
Russian is very good.
Goodbye! Have a nice day!
UNIT 2
Task 19. Cultural Quiz
Answers
1. No, it isn’t. It’s in Los Angeles and Paris.
2. Yes, it is.
3. No, they aren’t. President Reagan and his wife Nancy are actors
by profession.
4. No, it isn’t. It’s American.
5. Yes, it is.
6. No, they aren’t. They are brother and sister.
7. Yes, he is.
274
Test 2
Answers
1.
1. this
2. these
3. these
4. this
2.
1. his
5. these
6. these
2. their
7. those
8. that
3. our
9. those
10. that
4. its
11. those
12. those
5. your
3.
1. from 2. on
in
for
3. of
4. for
5. in
at
at
6. of
7. of
on
near
8. at
4.
Excuse me, what’s your surname?
Nelson, Robert Nelson.
Are you from Hollywood?
No, we’re from London. We’re doctors. Our group is here
for the conference. Meet my friend John Archer, he’s a
dentist.
Pleased to meet you. My name’s Lucy Palmer. Where’s
your hotel?
It’s in the centre of the city, in a very nice place, near the
park.
Oh, here’s a taxi. Is it for you? Good luck!
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
UNIT 3
Test 3
Answers
1.
1. a 3. the
5. the
7. (a)
2. / 4. a
6. a
8. the
2.
1. him 2. me 3. it 4. her 5. us 6. it
9. the
10. a/the/the
7. them 8. them / me
275
3.
happy small good great difficult easy yellow new
4.
1.
“Listen to Paul, he’s ready to speak.” “Let him start.”
2.
“How about going to a football match?” “I’m sorry but
that isn’t interesting to me. What’s on at the cinema?” “A new
Hollywood film.” “Let’s go to the cinema.” “Yes, O.K.”
3.
“The children in their family are very friendly, aren’t
they?” “Right, look at their happy faces.”
4.
“Kurt is at the London Language School.” “His friends are
English, aren’t they? “No, they aren’t. They are from
different places.”
5.
Let Ronald take a camera and show us round the city.
6.
English isn’t very difficult, but it’s not easy to understand
English people.
7.
“Alice is not married, is she?” “But she is, and that is not a
secret.”
UNIT 4
Task 12. “How is life?”
Hi,
there!
My
name’s Alison Grey.
I’m an actress.
I’m from London.
I’ve got a flat in
London and a house
in Hollywood, with
a swimming pool.
I’ve got a new
RollsRoyce and a
lot of money in the
bank.
I’ve got a husband,
and two wonderful
children
in
Hollywood. Life’s
great! I’ve got
everything!
276
Transcript
Hello, my name’s
Charles Moris.
I’m from London,
too. I’m broke.
I haven’t got any
money.
I haven’t got a job
or a house, or a car.
I haven’t got a wife,
and I haven’t got
any children.
Life’s terrible.
I haven’t got anything.
Look at this man.
His name’s Ralph
Norman.
He
isn’t
from
London.
He’s from Oxford.
He’s a factory worker.
He’s got a good job.
He’s got a car.
He hasn’t got a big
house, he’s got a
flat.
He’s got a wife, but
he hasn’t got any
children.
Life’s all right.
Task 13. Cultural Quiz
Answers
a drink a girl a thing islands a vegetable birds a pop group a computer
Test 4
Answers
1.
1. Ted’s job
2. a cup of tea
3. our friends’
house
4. the children’s
school
5. Maria’s English
6. the name of their
home town
7 a box of matches
8. the door of a car
9. Pat’s girlfriend
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Have you got a passport?
Has Carol got any boyfriend?
Has your brother got a car or a bicycle?
Have Mr. and Mrs. Lewis got any children?
Has Ann got black hair?
Have you got any money?
Have your parents got a large family?
3.
1. some
2. any
3. any some
4. some none
5. any some
6. none some
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Most students of our group are single.
The brothers are wellbuilt but they have different
figures.
Moscow is an old city. It has parks, beautiful streets and
shops.
Has your sister’s husband got curly or straight hair?
“Have they got any children?” “Yes, they’ve got a little
daughter. She’s very quiet.”
My friend is tall, goodlooking, he has got a straight nose
and brown eyes.
The Browns have got a large house in the suburbs, haven’t
they? “Yes, and it’s a problem for them.”
277
UNIT 5
Task 13. “Marchmain Castle”
Transcript
Yes?
Two adults and three children, please.
I beg your pardon?
Two adults and three children, please. How
much is that?
Lady Marchmain: I’m sorry. We’re closed.
Mr. Smith:
Oh, dear. Sorry, kids. They’re closed.
Lady Marchmain:
Mr. Smith:
Lady Marchmain:
Mr. Smith:
Lady Marchmain: Well…er, come in.
Mr. Smith:
Thanks, love. Are you the guide?
Lady Marchmain: The guide? No, I’m not. I’m Lady Marchmain.
It’s my house.
Mr. Smith:
Oh! Pleased to meet you. My name’s Smith.
Tom Smith…and this is my wife, Jean.
Lady Marchmain: Good afternoon, Mr. Smith…Mrs. Smith.
Er…follow me.
Oh, it’s very nice! You’ve got some beautiful
pictures.
Lady Marchmain: Yes…there are three paintings by Constable
over there, and two Rembrandts on this wall.
Mrs. Smith:
It’s a very big house. How many bedrooms are
there?
Lady Marchmain: There are eighteen bedrooms.
Mrs. Smith:
And how many bathrooms?
Lady Marchmain: There are two bathrooms.
Mrs. Smith:
Oh! There aren’t very many! We’ve got two
bathrooms in our house, and we’ve only got
three bedrooms!
Lady Marchmain: Yes…well, it’s a very old house.
Mrs. Smith:
That’s a long table! How many chairs are
there?
Lady Marchmain: Twenty four. We’ve got two dining rooms,
this
one and our private dining room. There are
only six chairs in that one.
Mrs. Smith:
278
Mrs. Smith:
Lady Marchmain:
Mrs. Smith:
Lady Marchmain:
Mrs. Smith:
Oh! What’s that?
Where?
Over there…in the chair! It’s a dead body!
No, it isn’t. That’s my husband, Lord
Marchmain. He’s asleep.
Oh, I am sorry. Well, thank you, Lady
Marchmain.
Er…We’re
from
you’re there, come
Manchester. If
and see our house!
Lady Marchmain: Thank you. That’s 13.
Mrs. Smith:
Pardon?
Lady Marchmain:
13 for the tickets.
Test 5
Answers
1.
1. many 2. few 3. many 4. few 5. a lot of
2.
at
on
for
of
6. a few 7. few
in
4.
1.
“Excuse me, is there a restaurant near here?” “Yes,
there’s
one. It’s opposite the bus stop.”
2.
How many photos are there in this album?” “Quite a lot,
and all of them are famous people’s photos.”
3.
There’s a book shop in front of that high hotel.
4.
I’m in this neighbourhood for the first time. Is there any
bus from here?
5.
“How many pages are there in the dictionary?” “1528.”
6.
There’s a list of names on the board. Is your name on the
list, too?
7.
“Where’s the chemist’s?” “It’s between the bank and the
post office.”
279
UNIT 6
Task 22. “A longdistance telephone call”
Transcript
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
er
A.
Conversation 1
Hi, Mary. This is Chris. I’m calling from Chicago.
From Chicago? What are doing in Chicago?
I’m on vacation. How’s the weather in Chicago? Is it sunny?
No, it isn’t. It’s cloudy.
Is it hot?
No, it’s very cold.
Are you having a good time?
No, I’m not. I’m having a horrible time because the weathis so terrible.
Too bad, I’m sorry to hear that.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
is
B.
Conversation 2
Hi, Tom. This is Janet. I’m calling from Los Angeles.
From Los Angeles? What are you doing in L.A.?
I’m on vacation.
How’s the weather there? Is it cloudy?
No, it isn’t. It’s sunny.
Is it hot?
Yes, very.
Are you having a good time?
No, I’m not, I’m having a terrible time. The weather here
too hot.
I’m sorry to hear that.
Test 6
1.
1. on
2. in
3. at
2.
1. on
280
Answers
4. at
5. on
6. on
2. at
3. in
7. on
8. in
9. at
4. in
5. in
10. at
11. at
12. on
6. on
7. in
13. in
14. in
15. in
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What are they doing?
What is your wife doing?
What are you doing?
What is the teacher doing?
Where are you going?
Where are those children going?
Where is the man on the bicycle going?
Where is the girl with long hair going?
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
is doing / is
have
are looking / am looking
is / is studying
call / is not working
are going / are talking
5.
1.
2.
3.
The garden is beautiful in spring. What is it like in winter?
Talk to Sandra. She’s in the kitchen. She’s cooking dinner.
“Where are the Jones? They are away on holiday. They are
having a lovely time at the seaside.”
4.
“What’s the weather like in September in Russia?” “It’s
warm at the beginning of the month and it’s cool at the
end of September.”
5.
Let’s meet at 4 in the afternoon next Thursday.
6.
“Is Laura busy?” “Yes, she is. She’s sitting at the desk and
reading a newspaper.”
7.
“What’s on TV now?” “They’re showing a favourite film of
yours – “My fair lady.”
281
UNIT 7
Task 23. “A job in the paper”
Part 1
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
way,
Roy:
Keith:
on
Part 2
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
Keith:
Roy:
282
Transcript
Hello, is that Keith?
Yes, speaking.
I’m phoning about the job in the paper – about
summer work.
Oh yes, right. Are you a student?
Yes, I’m at university here in York. I’m studying
French and drama.
So you know York quite well, do you? How old are
you?
I’m nearly 22. How old are the students at the school?
In the summer they’re between 17 and about 25. Do
you speak any languages?
Well, French, of course and some German.
And do you play any sports? Sports are quite an
important part of the job, really.
Well, football and tennis.
Do you play any musical instruments?
I play the guitar – if that’s any use.
Very, because we have musical evenings. By the
have you got a car?
No, but I have a driving licence.
We need a person to drive the minibus when we go
trips.
No problem. What are the hours?
From 3 in the afternoon to 11 or even midnight.
What about weekends?
Saturday, yes, but you get Tuesday off.
When does the job start?
From the 1st June until the end of September.
O.K., thanks very much. Er… one last thing – the
salary.
Ah, yes – around £ 1,500 a month.
Thanks very much. Bye.
Test 7
Answers
1.
1. yours mine
2. my mine 3. their
4. their ours
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
How old are you?
What colour is the door?
What size are these shoes?
What day is it today?
What size is your suit?
Whose are these trousers?
What make is the car?
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Does she have
Is he
like
does not play
5.
6.
7.
8.
Do they live
works
travels
does not walk
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Where do you live?
How often do you watch TV?
Where do you have lunch?
What time do you get up?
How often do you go to the cinema?
When do you read newspapers?
5.
1. tell 2. say 3. tell 4. say 5. tells 6. tell
7. say 8. tell
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stefano is Italian. Does he speak English?
We want to have dinner at home today. Prepare some fish
for us, please.
“What time do classes at university start?” “They usually
start at 9 o’clock in the morning.”
In the photo your sister’s having a nice dress on. Does she
wear it at work?
283
5.
“How often do you leave the child with your parents?”
“Every weekend.”
6.
“Is he at the doctor’s now?” “No, he’s in hospital.”
7.
“A new film is on at our local today.” “Do you often go
out?” “Once a week.”
UNIT 8
Task 11. “What do they call it?”
Transcript
Bill. A bill is paper money. You have a “dollar bill’,
“five dollar bill” and so on.
Right …we call that a “bank note”. Um …”trousers”
are … an item of clothing.
Woman:
Oh, I know what trousers are! We call them “pants”.
Man:
Oh, right.
Woman:
Oh, the snack food that is round, fried, thin and
very
crisp. We call them, er … “chips, … potato chips”.
Man:
Oh, right. Er … cold, you mean? Yeah, we call those,
mm … “crisps”. You buy them in a packet …”crisps”.
Um … er … “car park”, well … a place where you park
cars.
Woman:
Yeah, we call that a “parking lot”. Um … if I need
some medicine or something like that, I go to see the
“druggist”.
Man:
Oh, is that a person, or … is that a place?
Woman:
Well, the place is the “drugstore”, the “druggist” is
the person who gives me the medicine.
Man:
Right, we call that a “chemist” – but that’s the
name
of the shop.
Woman:
Um … when I get a hamburger I also like to get
“French fries”, which are the strips of er … fried
potato.
Man:
Oh, right – we call those “chips”.
Woman:
Do you?
Man:
Yes, “chips”.
Woman:
Every town in America has a “main street” where all
the shops and things are.
Man:
We call that the “high street”. The same thing –
“high street”.
Woman:
a
Man:
284
Test 8
1.
1. many
2. much
Answers
3. much
4. many / many
5. little
6. few.
7. little
8. few
2.
1.
2.
3.
have
have got
have got
4.
5.
6.
Does Sharon ever have
having / having
to have
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How many kinds of buses are there in London?
How often do they practise sports?
What do you say to your friends when they leave?
What does your niece never forget to do?
How do Muscovites usually travel?
How much does Tom sleep? When does he normally go to
bed and what time does he get up?
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What are you watching on TV?
Whom does Mr. Green always help about the house?
What would he like for lunch?
What do you never fix?
Whom are they feeding?
What do you seldom wash in your flat?
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Whom do you practise English with?
Whom do the Gables go on holiday with?
What is John phoning for?
What is she speaking about?
What does your grandfather tell you about?
What do students often listen to on the radio?
6.
1.
2.
The dentist says I eat too much sweet (food).
“What does their son want to be?” “A pianist.”
285
3.
“I’ve got some money on me. How many packets of
cigarettes would you like to buy?” “I need a few.”
“You smoke too much.”
4.
“Is there much snow in the streets in winter?”
“Yes, quite a lot.”
5.
She’d like to take some photos of the National Museum but
she’s got little time.
6.
Most children like milk and drink a lot of it.
7.
Henry’d like to order some ham sandwiches and two pots
of tea.
UNIT 9
Task 18. “Sports around the world”
Transcript
Different nations have very different ideas about which sports
really count. Rugby is a classical case. There’s only one nation
whose national sport is rugby, and that’s New Zealand.
Rugby is also popular in South Wales but not North Wales,
which is mad about football.
Much the same is true for other sports. Hockey is big in
Canada, Czech Republic and Russia. Cricket is an interest only in
Britain and former British colonies.
Baseball is popular in the United States and some (but not all)
of Latin America.
Cycling is massive in France, the Low Countries and maybe
Italy. The Australians stay up late to watch their swimmers, and
so on.
Even the Olympic Games are not a true global phenomenon,
because my Olympics is different from yours.
Though no sport is truly global, all sports are becoming more
international.
Test 9
Answers
1.
1. that / who 2. which / that 3. that / who 4. that / which
5. that / which 6. that / who
286
2.
1.
Who smokes Marlboro? What cigarettes does your brother
smoke?
2.
What sandwich do you always have for breakfast?
3.
Who sometimes has tomato soup for lunch? What soup do
you sometimes have for lunch?
4.
Who is wearing a quartz watch? What watch is Clark
wearing?
5.
Which of them has a video camera?What does none of
them have?
4.
1.
“What do you do in your free time?” “I play the guitar.” “I
know you’re interested in chess, aren’t you?” “Yes, indeed.
Playing the guitar and playing chess are my hobbies.”
2.
“Do you like skating?” “I hate it.” “Really? As for me, I
dis like skiing.”
3.
“Alice is such a slow driver.” “Right.
She can’t drive at all.”
4.
“I think Oliver can cook well. What do you think?”
“I think so too. And he can cook quickly.”
5.
It’s strange that the boss and the secretary dislike each
other.”
6.
I don’t understand how to use this taperecorder.
Can you give me some instructions, please?
UNIT 10
Task 17 (b). “Departure”
A.:
B.:
A.:
B.:
A.:
B.:
A.:
Transcript
Conversation 1
Good morning. Can I help you?
Good morning. I’d like a ticket to Newcastle, please.
Single or return?
Return, please. I’m coming back tonight. What platform
does the train leave from?
Platform eight.
What time does it leave?
Nine fifteen and it arrives in Newcastle at ten thirty. Here’s
your ticket.
287
A.:
B.:
A.:
B.:
A.:
Conversation 2
Can I see your passport and ticket, please?
Yes, here you are. Is the flight on time?
No, I’m sorry. There’s a halfhour delay.
Oh, dear. Do I have to change planes in Frankfurt?
No, you stay on the same plane.
Test 10
Answers
1.
1. have to write
2. don’t have to buy
3. doesn’t have to wear
4. have to stop
5. have to work
6. has to travel
2.
a ticket inspector the Eurostar service Britain, France and Belgium a week a house The house to work by bicycle
3.
1. don’t
2. are
3. does
4.
4. don’t / is
5. do
6. doesn’t
7. is
doesn’t
in in with at on at after by at to at
in after about at
5.
1. the university
2. college
3. to the school
4. to university
5. in hospital / to the hospital
6. to church
7. the church
8. school / at the hospital
6.
1.
2.
3.
288
Switch off the radio. We’re not listening to it.
How often do you have to brush your shoes?
“Where are you, Roy?” “I’m in the living room and I’m
doing morning exercises.” “That’s strange, you usually jog
in the mornings.”
4.
5.
6.
What language are they speaking? I can’t understand them.
It takes her seven minutes to walk from home to the
university.
In his new job he often has to get up early and drive to
Vnukovo Airport. I’m sorry for him.
UNIT 11
Task 10. History Quiz
Answers
1. in 1961
2. about 200 years ago
3. in Italy about 2,700 years ago
Task 13. “In the Canaries”
David:
Steve:
David:
Steve:
David:
Steve:
David:
Steve:
was
David:
Steve:
David:
Steve:
David:
Steve:
David:
Steve:
4. a dinosaur
5. in Atlanta
Transcript
Hello, Steve. Where were you last month?
I was on holiday.
Oh, really? … but you were on holiday in January.
Yes, I was in Las Vegas in January.
Where were you last month?
I was in the Canaries.
In the Canaries? What was it like?
Fantastic! The weather was beautiful … the ocean
warm.
What was the hotel like?
Excellent! There was a swimming pool and private
beach. There were three restaurants and two bars.
What were the people like?
They were very friendly.
Was your wife with you?
No, she wasn’t. She never comes with me on holiday.
What about the children? Were they with you?
No, they weren’t. They were with their
grandparents.
289
Test 11
1.
1. do 2. can
Answers
3. doesn’t
2.
1. does he?
2. can’t she?
3. is it?
4. can
5. has
6. isn’t
4. wasn’t it?
5. isn’t it?
6. can’t he?
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4.
1. at
290
Is there any chalk at the blackboard?
No, there isn’t any chalk.
There’s no chalk at the blackboard.
Is Ben writing any letter?
No, he isn’t writing any letter.
He’s writing no letter.
Does their son speak any foreign language?
No, he doesn’t speak any foreign language.
He speaks no foreign language.
Does it take Liz any time to do her homework?
No, it doesn’t take her any time to do her homework.
It takes Liz no time to do her homework.
Would she like to listen to any new cassette?
No, she wouldn’t like to listen to any new cassette.
She would like to listen to no new cassette.
Can you see any taxis in the street?
No, we can’t see any taxis in the street.
We can see no taxis in the street.
2. on
3. to
4. in
5. of
6. from
7. in
5.
1.
“Were there any letters for me last week?” None. Do you
miss your parents?” “Of course I do.”
“When the children were small, they were often ill.
By the way, where are they now?” “I don’t know.
They were near the house in the morning.”
“You’re sitting in my place!” “I’m sorry.
You were absent yesterday, weren’t you?”
You’re wearing beautiful shoes. Were they expensive?
“Were there lots of people at the meeting?”
“No, there were very few.” “We have to organize a new
meeting and speak in front of our colleagues.”
“Was Tom good at chemistry when at school?”
“Yes, he was always interested in this subject.”
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
UNIT 12
Task 18. “Karaoke and tango”
Transcript
So, Ken, tell me. What is karaoke?
Well, it is singing along to some recorded music.
have a microphone, some music is playing and you
sing the words – in tune, if you can.
Q:
Where does this take place?
Ken:
All over Tokyo there are karaoke bars where you can
go with your friends, have a drink and sing karaoke.
Q:
And what music do you sing?
Ken:
Well, it’s traditional Japanese music for older
people, but for young people it’s mostly wellknown
Western pop songs, you know. Frank Sinatra, Phil
Collins, Madonna, that sort of thing.
Q:
What about tango then, Philippa?
Philippa:
Tango is a very exotic kind of dance in Latin
America, and it’s especially popular in Argentina,
where it comes from.
Q:
Ken:
You
291
Q:
Ph:
Q:
Ph:
Q:
Ph:
Q:
Ph:
Q:
Ph:
292
And where do they dance tango?
In concert halls or theatres, or maybe small bars.
And who dances tango?
Well, in the theatre they’re mostly professional
dancers, although in dance halls and bars, people try
to dance the tango if the music is right.
And what is the music they use to dance to?
Well, tango is both the dance and the music. You
dance the tango to music specially written for it.
They use the violin and the accordion quite a lot for it.
And why do you think people enjoy it?
Well, it’s full of life, it’s great fun.
Can you dance it?
Yes, not very well, but I try.
Test 12
Answers
1.
1. is having
2. is taking
3. finishes
4. are getting married
5. is flying
6. leaves
7. are having
8. is seeing
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
A:
B:
A:
She’s going to make a speech next month.
Where’s she going to make a speech?
On TV.
I’m going to watch a video this evening.
Which video are you going to watch?
“Summer Holiday.”
They are going to buy a new car tomorrow.
Which car are they going to buy?
A Toyota, I think.
He’s going to study Japanese at university.
Why is he going to study Japanese?
He wants to go and teach in Japan.
We are going to travel round the world next year.
Which countries are you going to visit?
The USA, Australia and Indonesia.
I’m going away for the weekend.
Where are you going to spend it?
Out of town.
293
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
You’re going to do as I tell you.
“What are you doing tonight?” “We’re going to the
concert.”
I’m meeting them at the railway station tomorrow morning.
Steve is going to fix his car this afternoon.
“When is your daughter going away on holiday?”
“Next week. She’s leaving for Florida.”
The inspector is going to ask you a few questions.
What are you going to tell him?
5.
while
as
that
where
when
6. who
7. as
8. because
9. though
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Abbreviations
n. – noun существительное; v. – verb глагол; phr. v. – phrasal verb
фразовый глагол; adj. adjective прилагательное; adv. adverb
наречие; attr. – attribute определение; pl. plural множественное
число; pers. рrоn. – personal pronoun личное местоимение; poss. pron.
– possessive pronoun притяжательное местоимение; conj. – conjunction союз; num. – numeral числительное; prep. – preposition предлог.
A, a
a [q; strong eI] also an – неопределенный артикль
about [qbaVt] prep. о, по поводу:
They’re talking about their holidays.
above [qbAv] prep. над, выше:
There’s nothing in this shop
above 5 pounds.
above adv. The noise is coming
from the room above.
abroad [qbrLd] adv. за границей
/ рубежом: He’s going abroad
on his holiday.
absent [xbsqnt] adj. отсутствующий: How many students are
absent from class today?
accident [xksIdqnt] n. авария,
несчастный случай: Не says it
was an accident. John drives
badly. He often has accidents.
accountant [qkaVntqnt] n. бухгалтер
activity [xktIvItI] n. деятельность: Some people spend time
on outside activities.
actor [xktq] n. актёр
actually [xktSqlI] adv. фактически, по правде говоря: Yes, I
know he looks very young, but
he’s actually 45.
address [qdres] n. адрес
afraid [qfreId] adj. бояться: Don’t
be afraid of the dog. | I’m afraid
I’m going to have to ask you to
leave.
Africa [xfrIkq] n. Африка
African [xfrIkqn] n. африканец,
adj. африканский
after [Rftq] prep. после
afternoon [,Rftqnu:n] n. время
после полудня: in the afternoon
again [qgen; qgeIn] adv. еще раз,
вновь: Please, say that again.
age [eIG] n. возраст: He was sixty
years of age.
ago [qgqV] adj. тому назад: I was
at school a long time ago.
agree [qgri:] v. (with, about, on)
соглашаться: I agree with you
about his book – it’s awful. | We
agree on a price for the car.
295
airport [eqpL t] n. аэропорт
album [xlbqm] n. альбом
all [L l] pron. все, всё at ~ вообще,
совсем: I sometimes don’t have
lunch at all.
all right [LlraIt] adj., adv. 1)
приемлемый, в удовлетворительном состоянии: His work
is all right but he can be faster;
2) в ответ на предложение или
план: “Come tomorrow!” “All
right! What time?”
also [LlsqV] adv. тоже, также:
The weather was not only cold,
but also wet.
always [LlwIz] adv. всегда: The
job is interesting but not always
easy.
America [qmerIkq] n. Америка
American [qmerIkqn] n. американец, adj. американский; ~
English американский вариант aнглийского языка
anatomy [qnxtqmI] n. анатомия
angry [aNgrI] adj. сердитый
answer [Rnsq] n. ответ: There’re
no easy answers to the problem
of unemployment.
answer v. отвечать: The President
is going to answer the reporters’ questions.
any [enI] pron. любой: They are
all free – take any you like.
apartment [qpRtm qnt] n. комната, (US) квартира
apple [xpl] n. яблоко; ~ juice n.
яблочный сок
April [eIprIl] n. апрель
Arabic [xrqbIk] n. арабский язык
296
April [eIprIl] n. апрель
arm [Rm] n. рука
armchair [a:mtʃeq] n. кресло с
подлокотниками
around [qraVnd] prep. вокруг,
повсюду: I’d like to travel
around the world. | Let’s go
around the town, not through
it. ~ the corner за углом
arrive [qraIv] v. прибывать: The
plane arrives in London at 4
o’clock.
artist [RtIst] n. художник
as [qz; strong xz] adv. как: such
countries as Spain такие
страны как Испания. | I’m as
tall as he.
ask [Rsk] v. спрашивать: May I
ask you a favour?
asleep [qsli:p] adj. спать; see also
go to sleep
assistant [qsIstqnt] n. помощник,
ассистент
astrologer [qstrOlqq] n. астролог
astrology [qstrOlqi] n. астрология
at [qt; strong xt] prep. указ. на
точку в пространстве или опр.
момент времени: ~ the end; ~
the top | He’s standing at the
bus stop. | at 9 o’clock | I’m busy
at the moment. | It sometimes
snows at Christmas. | Look at
this! | She never smokes at work.
| There was a ladder at the back
of the house.
athlete [xTli:t] n. атлет
athletic [xTletIk] adj. атлетического телосложения
away [qw eI] adj. выражает удаление от чегол.: Go away!
They’re away on holiday.
(Сравн. They’re out for lunch.)
awful [Lfql] adj. страшный, ужасный: What awful weather! | I’ve
got an awful lot of work to do.
August [Lgqst] n. август
aunt [Rnt] n. тетя
Australia [PstreIlIq] n. Австралия
Australian [PstrqIlIqn] n.
австралиец, adj. австралийский
autumn [Ltəm] n. осень
В, b
back [bxk] n. спина: She is carrying the baby on her back.
bacon [beIkqn] n. бекон: We often
have bacon and eggs for breakfast.
bad [bxd] adj. плохой: Smoking is
bad for your health.
badly [bdli] adv. плохо: The
team play badly.
bag [bg] n. сумка
balcony [blkqnI] n. балкон
banana [bqnnq] n. банан
band [bxnd] n. группа, отряд,
банда,
оркестр;
jazz
~
джазоркестр
bank [bxNk] n. банк
bar [bR] n. бар
baseball [beIsbLl] n. бейсбол:
Baseball is the national game of
the USA.
basketball [bRskitbLl] n. баскетбол
bathroom [bR TrHm] n. ванная
(комната)
BBC [bibi si] n. the British
Broadcasting Corporation: She
works for the BBC. | It’s on BBC
tonight. (Сравн. ITV)
be [bi:] v. быть, находиться: The
chidren must be in bed by 10
o’clock.
beach [b tʃ] n. пляж: Sit on the
beach and eat your sandwiches!
beautiful [bju:tifql] adj. прекрасный: The film was really beautiful (very good).
because [bikPz] соnj. потому что, по
причине: I do it because I like it.
bed [bed] n. кровать; go to bed –
ложиться спать: She always
goes to bed at 11 o’clock.
bedroom [bedru:m] n. спальня
beef [bi:f] n. говядина
beer [bIq] n. пиво
before [bifL] prep. до: I usually
take a bath before having my
breakfast.
beginning [bIgInIN] n. начало: at
the ~ of the month
behind [bihaInd] prep. позади:
He’s always behind his friends
in mathematics.
below [bi lqV] adv. внизу: I live on
the first floor; she lives on the
floor below.
best [best] adj. (превосх. степень
от good лучший): What’s the
best way to get there?
between [bi twi:n] prep. между: I
hope nothing ever comes between us.
297
bicycle [baIsIkql] n. also cycle, bike
– велосипед: She goes to work
on her bicycle / by bicycle.
big [bIg] adj. большой, больше
среднего размера: a big box |
How big is it? | I don’t want a
little piece of cake – I want a big
one.
bikini [bIkJnI] n. женский
купальный костюм
bill [bil] n. денежный счет
bird [bE: d] n. птица
birthday [bE:θdei] n. день рождения: my 21st birthday | a birthday party | Happy birthday to
you!
biscuit [bIskIt] n. cyxoe печенье,
галета
black [blk] adj. чёрный
blond(e) [ blPnd] n. блондин, adj.
белокурый, светлый
board [bLd] n. доска: Write the
sentence on the board.
booking [bVkIN] n. продажа билетов; ~ clerk n. кассир; ~ office n.
билетная касса: We buy tickets
at the booking office from the
booking clerk.
bookshop [bVkSPp] n. книжный
магазин
boot [bu:t] n. ботинок
boring [bLrIN] adj. скучный,
надоедливый: The lecture was
boring.
boss [bPs] n. хозяин, предприниматель
both [bqVT] pron. оба: Both her
parents are doctors.
bottle [bPtl] n. бутылка
box [bPks] n. коробка
298
boy [bOI] n. мальчик
bread [bred] n. хлеб: The children
are eating bread and butter.
briefcase [bri:fkeIs] n. кейс
briefing [brifi ] n. инструктаж,
брифинг
bring [brIN] v. приносить, привозить: Can you bring me back if I
go with you in your car?
Britain [brIt(q)n] n. Англия, Британия, (also Great ~) Великобритания
British [brItIS] n. the ~ англичане,
британцы; adj. британский
brother [brADO] n. брат
brown [braVn] adj. коричневый
building [bIldIN] n. здание
bus [bAs] n. автобус
business [bIznIs] n. дело: I’m here
on business.
businessman [bIznIsmqn] n. бизнесмен
busy [bIzI] adj. занятой, несвободный: a busy day | I’m sorry,
the line is busy.
but [bqt; strong bAt] conj. 1) но:
It’s expensive, but it goes quite
well; 2) кроме: There’s no one
here but me.
butter [bAtq] n. сливочное масло
buy [baI] v. покупать: Let me buy
a drink for you.
С, с
cafe´ [kfei] n. кафе
cake [keIk] n. торт, кекс
calculator [kxlkjV,leItq] n. калькулятор
call [kLl] n. телефонный вызов: I
have a few calls to make.
call v. звать: Mother is calling
me.
call back phr.v. перезвонить: Can
you call me back later?
camera [km qrq] n. фотоаппарат
camping [kxmpIN] n. туристский
лагерь
can [kxn] v. мочь, уметь: Can it
be true?
canteen [kn ti:n] n. столовая,
буфет на предприятии, в учреждении
capital [kxpItql] n. столица,
столичный: What is the capital
of Great Britain?
саr [kR ] n. автомобиль
card [kd] n. карта, карточка:
Let me give you my business
card. | They are having a game
of cards.
carpet [kpit] n. ковер: I’d like to
buy a new carpet for the dining
room.
carry [kri] v. носить: I carry my
books in a strong paper bag.
carton [kRt(q)n] n. картонка,
блок
case [keIs] n. случай, обстоятельство, дело
cat [kx t] n. кошка
centre [sqntq] n. центр
certainly [sE:tnli] adv. конечно:
He certainly works very hard.
chair [Ceq] n. стул
champagne
[ʃm pein]
n.
шампанское
change [CeInG] n. l) изменение,
перемена: a change in the
weather. 2) сдача: “Do you have
change for a $10 bill?” “Here is
your change.”
change v. (at) сделать пересадку:
To get to Manchester, you have
to change (trains) at Birmingham.
channel [ n(q)l] n. пролив,
канал; the English ~ ЛаМанш
check in [Cek] phr. v. (at hotel)
зарегистрироваться
cheese [ i:z] n. сыр
chemist [kem ist] n. химик
chess [Ces] n. шахматы
child [CaIld] n. ребенок; pl. children
childhood [CaIldhVd] n. детство
China [CaInq] n. Китай
Chinese [Cai ni:z] n. китаец,
ки тайский
язык;
adj.
китайский
chocolate [CPklIt] n. шоколад
church [CE:tS] n. церковь
cigarette [,sigqret] n. сигарета
cinema [sInImq] n. кинотеатр
city [sItI] n. большой город
class [kls] n. класс: There are 10
students in Gary’s class.
classical [klsik(q)l] adj.
классический
clean
[kl n]
adj.
чистый,
незапятнанный: These plates
aren’t clean.
clerk [klk] n. клерк, служащий
clock [klɔk] n. часы
close [klqVz] v. закрывать
clothes [klqVDz] n. одежда
club [klAb] n. клуб
cloudy [klaVdI] adj. облачный
coat [kqVt] n. пальто
299
coffee [kOfI] n. кофе
coke [kqVk] n. CocaCola
cold [kqVld] adj. холодный
colleague [kɔli:g] n. коллега,
сослуживец
collect [kə lekt] v. коллекционировать, собирать: John collects foreign coins. | Collect the
books and put them on my desk.
college [kɔli] n. колледж
colour [kAlq] n. цвет
comb [kqVm] n. расческа
come [kAm] v. приходить, приезжать: My parents are coming
for dinner with us.
come in phr. v. войти: When he’s
late, the teacher tells him to
come in.
composer
[kqmpqVzq]
n.
композитор
computer
[kqmpju:tq]
n.
компьютер
concert [kPnsqt] n. концерт
conductor
[kqndAktq]
n.
кондуктор, дирижер
conference
[kPnfqrqns]
n.
конференция
consultation [,kPnsqlteISqn] n. консультация
continent [kPntInqnt] n. континент
continue [kqntInju:] v. продолжать: The wet weather continues
convenient [kqnvi::nIqnt] adj.
удобный, подходящий: I’m
afraid this isn’t a very convenient moment to see you.
300
cook [kVk] v. готовить пищу, подвергая ее действию тепла: How
long does this meat take to cook?
cook n. повар, стряпуха
cooker [kVkq] n. плита, печь
cool [ku:l] adj. прохладный
corner [kO:nq] n. угол: There is a
telephone at the corner of the
street.
correct [kqrekt] adj. верный,
безошибочный
cottage [kPtIG] n. коттедж
country [kAntrI] n. 1) страна:
Mexico is a country to the south
of the United States; 2) деревня, сельская местность: Не has
a house in the country.
course [kɔs] n. 1) курс: Не teaches
a course in French at college; 2)
блюдо: You can have steak or
roast beef for the second course.
| of ~ конечно
court [kɔ:t] n. корт
cousin [kAz(q)n] n. кузен, двоюродный брат, кузина: I’ve got
a letter from Cousin Charles.
cream [kri:m] n. сливки: I like
fruit with cream.
cricket [krIkIt] n. крикет
crisp [krIsp] n. жареная карто
фельная стружка; pl. хрустящий
картофель
cross [krPs] v. пересечь, перейти:
Don’t cross the street without
looking if there’s any car coming.
cry [kraI] v. плакать: The baby is
crying for milk.
cup [kAp] n. чашка
cupboard [kAbqd] n. посудный
шкаф
curious [kjuqrIqs] adj. любопытный, любознательный: I’m
curious to know what he says.
curly [kE:lI] adj. кудрявый
D, d
dangerous [deInqrqs] adj.
опасный, рискованный: It’s
dangerous to walk on the railway track.
dark [dk] adj. тёмный: In the
winter it gets dark early.
daughter [dO:tq] n. дочь
day [dei] n. день: Have a nice day!
~ off выходной
December [disembq] n. декабрь
delegation [,delIgeISqn] n. делегация
dentist [dentIst] n. зубной врач
department [dIpa:tmqnt] n. департамент, отдел, ведомство;
~ store универмаг
design [dIzaIn] n. дизайн
desk [desk] n. парта
dessert [dIzE:t] n. десерт
detective [dItektIv] n. сыщик
dictionary [dIkSqnqrI] n. словарь
diet [daIqt] n. диета: She’s on a
diet.
different [dIfrqnt] adj. иной,
другой, отличный
difficult [dIfIkqlt] adj. трудный
dinner [dInq] n. обед
director [dIrektq] n. директор
dirty [dE:tI] adj. грязный
disco [dIskqV] n. = discotheque
[dIskq,tek] дискотека, танцы
под магнитофон
discussion
[dIskAS(q)n]
n.
обсуждение, дискуссия
dish [dIS] n. блюдо, тарелка: a
vegetable dish | Can I wash all
these dirty dishes?
dislike [dIslaIk] v. не любить: I
dislike getting up early.
display [dIspleI] n. показ, проявление, дисплей: The goods were
on display in the shop windows.
distance [dIstqns] n. расстояние:
What is the distance between
London and Glasgow?
do [du:] v. делать: We do everything we can to help him. | What
do you do for a living? | He’s
doing his homework.
doctor [dPktq ] n. доктор, врач
document [dPkjVmqnt] n. документ
dog [dPg] n. собака
door [dO:] n. дверь
drama [dra:m ə] n. драма
dress [dres] n. платье: She is wearing a green dress.
drink [drINk] v. пить: Не doesn’t
smoke or drink. | Drink your tea
before it gets cold.
drink n. питье, напиток, спиртной напиток: Would you like a
drink of water? | Have another
drink! | There’s no drink in the
house.
drive [draIv] v. водить: I’m learning to drive. | Can you drive me
to the station?
301
driver [ draIvq] n. водитель
dull
[dAl]
adj.
скучный,
неинтересный: a dull lecture
duty [dju:tI] n. 1) долг, обязанность: Who’s on duty today? 2)
пошлина, сбор: ~ free беспошлинный
E, e
each other also one another pron.
друг другу: They often tell each
other about their families.
early [E:li] adv. рано: Не always
arrives early.
east [i:st] n. восток: It’s a few kilometres to the east of London.
easy [i:zi] adj. легкий: It’s quite
an easy language to learn.
eat [i:t] v. есть, питаться: Tigers
eat meat.
economics [,ekqnPmiks] n. экономика, экономическая наука:
She’s studying economics at
college.
eight [eIt] num. восемь
eighteen [ei ti:n] num. восемнадцать
eighth [eIT] num. восьмой
eighty [eItI] num. восемьдесят
either [aIDq] adv. = also также (в
отриц. предл.)
elderly [eldqlI] adj. пожилой
elegant [elIgqnt] adj. элегантный, изящный
eleven [Ilevqn] num. одиннадцать
302
else [els] adv. еще, кроме: I’m
sorry. What else can I say? Who
else wants to look at this book?
empty [emptI] adj. пустой
end [end] n. конец
energetic [,enqetIk] adj. энергичный: an energetic tennis player
engineer [,eniniq] n. инженер
English [INglIS] n. английский
язык: He speaks English. adj.
английский: an English teacher.
especially [IspeS(q)lI] adj. особенно, специально: I especially
like chocolate.
evening [i:vnIN] n. вечер; in the
evening вечером
every [evrI] pron. каждый: Every
time I see him he looks energetic.
excellent [eksqlqnt] adj. отличный
except [Iksept] prep. кроме,
исключая: I can take my holidays at any time except in
August.
excuse me [ik skju:z] v. 1) вежливая форма извинения: Please
excuse me for opening your letter by mistake; 2) обращение с
вопросом к незнакомцу: Excuse me, does this bus go to the
station?
exercise
[eksqsaIz]
n.
упражнение: Mary is doing
physical exercises.
expensive [IkspensIv] adj. дорогой: Your car looks expensive.
express [Ikspres] n. экспресс,
курьерский поезд: Is this an
express bus?
extra [ekstrq] adj. добавочный,
дополнительный: American
taxi drivers get a tip of 15%
extra.
eye [aI] n. глаз: She has blue eyes.
F, f
fact [fxkt] n. факт; in ~ фактически: I don’t like him; in fact I
hate him.
factory [fxktqrI] n. завод, фабрика
fall [fO:l] v. падать
family [fxm ili] n. семья
famous
[feim əs]
adj.
знаменитый: France is famous
for its fine food and wine.
fan [fxn] n. болельщик, почи
татель
fantastic [fn tstik] adj. фантастический, удивительный: a
fantastic story | You look fantastic!
far [fa:] adv., adj. далеко, далёкий: How far is it from New
York to Miami?
fast [fa:st] adj. быстрый, скорый:
This is a fast train to the city –
it doesn’t stop anywhere.
fast adv. быстро: She drives very
fast.
favour [feIvq] n. любезность,
одолжение: Can you do me a
favour and turn off the radio?
favourite [feIvqrIt] adj. любимый:
What’s your favourite song?
fax [fxks] n. факс; ~ machine
факсимильный аппарат
February [febrVqrI] n. февраль
festival [festIv(q)l] n. фестиваль,
празднество; ~ of music
feel [fi:l] v. чувствовать: I feel cold
/ warm / happy / hungry, etc.
few [fju:] pron. мало, немного:
She has few friends. | Few
understand his theories. | There
are so few that I can’t give you
one.
a few pron. несколько: Let’s
invite a few friends to go out
with us. | Here are a few stamps
for your collections.
fifteen [fIfti:n] num. пятнадцать
fifth [fIfT] num. пятый
fifty [fIftI] num. пятьдесят
figure [fIgq] n. фигура: She has a
lovely figure.
film [fIlm] n. фильм
final [faIn(e)l] adj. финальный
find [faInd] v. найти: I can’t find
my books. | Do you think you
can find your way home?
adj.
ясный,
fine
[faIn]
прекрасный; ~ girl (looks or
character)
finish [fInIS] v. закончить: What
time does the concert finish?
Finland [fInlqnd] n. Финляндия
Finnish [fInIS] n. финский язык;
adj. финский
firm [fE:m ] n. фирма
first [fE:st] num. первый; adj. ~ of
all прежде всего, в первую
очередь
fish [fIS] n. рыба
five [faIv] num. пять
303
fix [fIks] v. ремонтировать: Can
you fix the car engine for me?
flat [flt] n. квартира: Who lives
in the top flat?
flight [flaIt] n. рейс: Book me on a
morning flight to Paris, please.
floor [flO:] n. этаж: Не walks up
the stairs to the sixth floor.
flower [flaVq] n. цветок
fly [flai] v. лететь (самолетом):
Are you going by train or are
you going to fly?
food [fu:d] n. пища, питание; ~
and drink еда и питье
foot [fVt] n. (pl. feet) нога: on foot
пешком: Don’t wait for the bus
– it’s quicker to go on foot.
football [fVtbO:l] n. футбол
for [fO:] prep. для, ради: He plays
football for the school team.
fork [fO:k] n. вилка
forty [fO:tI] num. сорок
four [fO:] num. четыре
fourteen [fO:ti:n] num. четырнадцать
France [frQ:ns] n. Франция
free [fri:] adj. свободный, вольный: You’re free to leave.
French [frentS] n. французский
язык; the ~ (people) французы;
adj. французский
Friday [fraIdI] n. пятница
fridge [frIG] also refrigerator n.
холодильник
friend [frend] n. друг
friendly [frendlI] adj. дружеский,
настроенный мирно
from [frPm] prep. из: The train
from London arrives here at
nine o’clock.
front [frAnt] n. перед, передняя
сторона; in front of впереди,
304
перед: Park your car in front of
the house.
fruit [fru:t] n. фрукты: Can you
buy me some fruit at the market?
full [fVl] adj. полный: Is the bag
full? | The bag is full of apples.
fun [fAn] n. веселье, забава,
потеха; have ~ развлекаться,
весело проводить время. The
game was no fun. Игра была
совсем неинтересной.
funny [fAnI] adj. смешной
G, g
gallery [gxlqrI] n. галерея
garage [gxrQ:G] n. гараж
garden [ga:dn] n. сад
gentleman [entlm ən] n. (pl. men)
джентльмен
German [E:mən] n. 1) немец,
2) немецкий язык; adj. немецкий, германский
Germany [E:məni] n. Германия
get [get] v. 1) получать: She gets
more money than I do. | Can you
get this book for me from the
library? | I always get a headache if I drink too much.
2) When does the train get (in)
to Edinburgh?
get back phr. v. возвращать(ся):
We get back home very late. | I
want to get my coat back.
get off phr. v. выходить: You
have to get off the bus at the
next stop.
get on phr. v. садиться (в транспорт): Here is your tram, get on!
get up phr. v. вставать, подниматься: What time do you normally get up?
girl [gE:l] n. девочка, девушка
girlfriend [gq:lfrend] n. подруга,
возлюбленная
give [gIv] v. давать: Give me the
tickets, please.
glad [gld] adj. рад, доволен: I’m
glad he’s got the job.
glass [gls] n. стакан
glasses [glsiz] n. очки: He wears
glasses for reading.
global [glqub(q)l] adj. всеобщий,
глобальный
go [gqV] v. идти, ехать: The summer is going fast. | I don’t know
where all my money goes (to)! |
We’re going skiing this afternoon. | This clock doesn’t go. |
We’re going to the country for
Christmas.
go away phr. v. уезжать: They want
to go away for their holidays.
go out phr. v. проводить время
вне дома: She goes out for a
walk three times a day.
golf [gPlf] n. гольф
good [gVd] adj. хороший: He’s
good at Frehch. Он силён во
французском.
good n. польза: What good is the
money when you haven’t any
friends? It’s no good. | ~ looking
adj. красивый, хорош собой
grammar [grxmq] n. грамматика
grandfather [grndDq] n. дедушка
grandmother [grxnmADq] n.
бабушка
grandparent [grxn,peqrqnt] n.
дедушка, бабушка
great [greIt] adj. великий, знаменитый: They’re great friends. Они большие друзья.
green [gri:n] adj. зеленый
grey [greI] adj. серый
ground [graVnd] n. земля
ground floor (BrE) первый этаж:
My office is on the ground floor.
group [gru:p] n. группа: There is a
group of policemen waiting at
the corner of the street.
guest [gest] n. гость
gym [i m] n. гимнастический
зал
gymnastics [imnstiks] n. гимнастика
H, h
hair [heq] n. волосы
half [hQ:f] n. половина: Don’t do
it by halves. He останавливайтесь на полпути.
hall [hO:l] n. холл
ham [hxm] n. ветчина
hand [hx nd] n. рука
happy [hxpI] adj. счастливый
hate [heIt] v. ненавидеть
hard [h a:d] adv. усердно, упорно:
You’re working too hard.
have [hqv; strong hxv] v. 1) иметь,
обладать: This coat has no pockets.
~ a break сделать перерыв; ~
dinner обедать; ~ a game of tennis сыграть в теннис; ~ a shower принять душ; ~ a good time
хорошо провести время; 2) в
сочетании с инфинитивом
305
обозн. долженствование: You
have to do what the policeman
says. | You have to drive on the
right.
he [hi:] pron. он
hear [hiə] v. слышать: The old
lady is deaf, she can’t hear very
well.
heart [ha:t] n. сердце; She has a
heart of gold. У нее золотое
сердце.
heavy [hevI] adj. тяжелый: This
bag is too heavy for me to lift.
help [help] v. помогать: Is there
anything I can do to help? | Can
you help me with my homework?
Helsinki [helsINkI] n. Хельсинки
her [hə; strong hE:] pers. pron. ей,
её: Tell her to go away. | I see her
in the white dress. poss. pron. её:
Mary is sitting in her chair.
here [hiə] adv. здесь: Come here! |
It’s about two miles from here.
hers [hE:z] pron. (абсол. форма)
её: This is my coat and hers is
over there.
hi [hai] = hey разг. привет: Hi,
Barbara, how are you?
him [hIm] pers. pron. ему, его: Tell
him to come in. | There’s a letter
for him.
his [hiz] poss. pron. его: It was his
first visit to England. абсол.
форма: “Which key is John’s?
Is this one his?” “His is on the
table.”
history [hIstqrI] n. история
hobby [hPbI] n. хобби, конёк: One
of her hobbies is collecting
stamps.
306
holiday [h PlIdI] n. l) нерабочий
день: Next Friday is a holiday;
2) отпуск, каникулы: We are
going to Spain for our
holiday(s).
home [hqVm] n. дом; ~ town родной город; ~ work заданный
урок, домашнее задание
hospital [hPspItl] n. больница:
The children’s hospital is at the
end of our street.
hot [hPt] adj. горячий, жаркий:
How hot is the water? | It’s very
hot in here – can I open the window?
hotel [hqVtel] n. гостиница, отель
house [haVs] n. дом
housewife [haVswaIf] n. домохозяйка
how [haV] adv. как (in questions):
How is your mother? | Can I
remember how to get there?
hundred [hAndrId] num. сто
hungry [hANgrI] adj. голодный
hurry [hArI] v. торопиться,
спешить: Don’t hurry – we
have lots of time. | Don’t hurry
me, I’m working as fast as I can.
I, i
ice cream [aiskri:m] n. мороженое
idea [aIdIq ] n. идея, мысль: What
a good idea!
if [If] conj. если: If she can’t go,
can I go instead?
ill [Il] adj. больной, нездоровый:
She’s ill, so she mustn’t come.
important [ImpO:t(q)nt] adj.
важный, веский: He likes to
look important. Он любит
важничать.
in [In] prep. в, внутри: She’s in the
bathroom. | Put the plate in the
cupboard.
inspector [Inspektq] n. инспектор
instead [Insted] adv. вместо, взамен: Would you like an orange
instead of that apple? | Why
don’t you help me wash the car
instead of playing ball?
instrument
[Instrqmqnt]
n.
инструмент: musical ~
intelligent [IntelIGqnt] adj.
умный, разумный
interest [Intrqst] n. интерес, заинтересованность: My son is
showing an interest in football.
interested (in) adj. заинтересо
ванный, интересующийся: Are
you interested in politics?
interesting [IntrqstIN] adj. интересный, вызывающий интерес:
~ book / person / idea | How ~!
international [,IntqnxSqnql] adj.
международный: ~ football
match
interpreter
[Intq:prItq]
n.
переводчик
interview [Intqvju:] n. интервью:
The film star is giving an interview immediately after his wedding.
into [Intq, IntV] рrер. в, на (указывает на движение или
на пра вление
во
внутрь
чегол.): Get into the car! | She
wants to translate it into
French. | Are you driving into
the centre of (the) town?
it [It] pron. он (она, оно), это: Who
is it?
Italian [ itljqn] n. 1) итальянский; 2) итальянский язык;
adj. итальянский
Italy [ItqlI] n. Италия
its [Its] pron. (притяж. форма от
it) его, ее о предмете, животном: It’s a nice jug, but its
handle is broken.
J, j
jacket [k]ti n. куртка, жакет,
френч
jam [Gxm] n. варенье, джем
January [njVqrI] n. январь
Japan [qpn] n. Япония
Japanese [,pqni:z] n. 1) японец;
2) японский язык; adj. японский
jazz [Gxz] n. джаз
jeans [Gi:nz] n. джинсы
job [GPb] n. работа (регулярно
оплачиваемая): “What does
she do?” “She has a good job in a
bank.”
jog [GPg] n. спорт, бегать
разминочным темпом: I go
jogging in the park before
breakfast.
journalist [E:nqlIst] n. журналист
journey [E:ni] n. поездка, путешествие: Не plans to go on a
long train journey across
Europe.
307
jug [g] n. кувшин; milk~
молочник
July [Gu:laI] n. июль
June [Gu:n] n. июнь
just [st] adv. именно, как раз:
She’s just sixteen – her birthday was yesterday. | “What time
is it?” “It’s just five o’clock.”
K, k
keep [ki:p] v. держать, хранить: I
don’t want that paper any more
– you can keep it. | She keeps a
small shop.
key [ki:] n. ключ: Where are your
car keys?
kilo [ki:lqV] n. кило
kilometre [kIlPm itq] n. километр
kind [kaInd] adj. добрый, любезный: She’s very kind to animals. | It was very kind of you to
visit me when I was ill.
kitchen [kItSqn] n. кухня
knife [naIf] n. (pl. knives) нож
know [nqV] v. знать: Do you know
the German for “onetwothree”?
L, l
lady [leidi] n. леди, дама, гоcпожа
n.
лампа,
lamp
[lm p]
светильник
language [lxNgw i] n. язык:
“How many languages can you
speak?” “Two: English and
French.”
308
large [la:] adj. большой, крупный: ~ house / sum of money /
number of people | I want a large
cup of coffee, please. | How
large is your office?
late [leIt] adj. опоздавший,
запоздавший: The train was
late. | I was late for the meeting.
Latin [ltin] n. латынь, латинский язык; ~ America Латинская Америка
laundry [lL ndrI] n. прачечная
laugh [la:f] v. смеяться
law [lO:] n. закон, право, юстиция;
to read, study ~ изучать право
learn [lE:n] v. учиться: She’s
learning to be a dancer. | I’m
trying to learn French.
leave [li:v] v. (for) 1) оставлять:
Leave a piece of cake for your
brother! 2) уходить: Don’t forget to lock the door before you
leave; 3) уезжать, отправляться: When does the train leave
for Chicago?
lecture [lektSq] n. лекция
lemon [lemqn] n. лимон
lemonade [,lemqneId] n. лимонад
lend [lend] v. давать взаймы,
одалживать, ссужать: Lend me
the book for a while. Дайте мне
книгу на время.
let [let] v. l) разрешать: She lets
her children play in the street;
2) давай(те): (вспом. глаг.
повел. накл.): Let’s all go to
the cinema.
letter [letq] n. письмо: I must
write a letter to my mother.
library [laIbrqrI] n. библиотека:
Don’t forget to take your books
back to the library.
lie [laI] v. лежать: The dog is lying
in front of the house.
life [laIf] n. жизнь: Life is full of
surprises.
lift [lIft] n. лифт; v. поднимать: I
can’t lift that heavy box.
light [laIt] n. свет: Turn off the
lights when you go to bed. adj.
светлый: She’s wearing a light
blue shirt today.
like [laIk] v. любить, нравиться:
Do you like driving? | I like to
sit and read quietly in the evening.
like prep. как: Не swims like a
fish. | What was the weather
like on your holiday?
link [lINk] n. связь, недостающее
звено: There’s a new rail link
between two towns.
listen [lIsn] v. (to) слушать: Be
quiet – I’m listening to the
news.
little [lItl] adj. маленький: They
live in a little cottage in
Scotland. | What a nice little
garden!
little pron. мало: She uses very
little bread.
a little pron. немного: Give me a
little of that soup.
live [lIv] v. жить: They live in a
house next to the library.
living room n. гостиная
local [lqVkl] adj. местный: local
doctor / news / radio station
London [lAnd(q)n] n. Лондон
long [lŋ] adj. длинный: long hair
/ road
look [lVk] v. (at) смотреть: What
are you looking at?
look for phr.v. искать: I’m looking for a new job.
lot [lPt] n. (of) also lots большое
количество, множество: a lot
of people / Lots of people are
coming to the party. | She’s got
lots (and lots) of money. | I’ve
got a lot of work to do.
love [lAv] n. любить: She loves this
warm weather. | I love sitting in
the garden. | The children love
their teacher.
lovely [lAvlI] adj. красивый,
миловидный: ~ girl / weather
low [lqV] adj. низкий, невысокий:
~ Countries: Нидерланды,
Бельгия и Люксембург
lunch [lAntS] n. ленч: We have
lunch at one o’clock | What
would you like for lunch?
M, m
machine [m qSi::n] n. машина,
механизм;
~
translation
машинный перевод
magazine [,mxgqzi:n] n. журнал,
журнальный
main [meIn] adj. основной,
главный: What would you like
to have for the main course?
make [meIk] n. форма, конструкция, модель, фасон, марка: an
Italian make of car | What make
is your new record player?
make v. делать, производить:
She’s making dinner. / I’m
going to make trousers out of
this material. | He makes a lot of
309
money. Сравн. “do” and “make”.
Generally you do an action and
make sth which was not there
before: to do the shopping /
your exercises | to make a fire /
a noise | “What are you doing?”
“Cooking.” | “What are you
making?” “A cake.”
Malaysia [m qleIzIq,
Zq] n.
Малайзия
man [mxn] n. (рl. men) мужчина,
человек: My father is a very
tall man.
manager [mniə] n. управляющий: hotel ~ / bank ~
many [m eni] pron. много: You
have too many books on that
shelf.
map [mxp] n. карта: ~ of the
world | road ~
March [mQ:tS] n. март
market [mQ:kIt] n. рынок: a fish ~
| Monday is market day.
married [mxrId] adj. женатый,
замужняя: She is ~ to a young
diplomat.
match
[m tS]
n.
матч,
состязание: Are you going to
watch the boxing match?
mathematics [,m θi' m tiks] n.
also maths [mxTs] n. математика
May [meI] n. май
me [m :i] pers. pron.: мне, меня:
“Who is it?” “It’s me.” | Can you
hear me?
meal [mi:l] n. еда, трапеза: Don’t
talk during meals.
mean [mi:n] v. подразумевать,
значить: The red light means
“Stop”.
310
meaning [mi:niN] n. значение,
смысл: What’s the meaning of
this?
meat [mi:t] n. мясо
mechanic [m ikxnIk] n. механик
medical
[m edIk(q)l]
adj.
медицинский, врачебный: ~
service
медицинское
обслуживание
meet [mi:t] v. встречаться: Let’s
meet for dinner.
melody [melqdI] n. мелодия
menu [m enju:] n. меню
middle [m idl] n. середина: Here’s a
photo of him with his brothers;
he’s the one in the middle. ~
aged adj. средних лет, немолодой
mile [m ail] n. миля: 30 ~s an hour
30 миль в час
million [m iljqn] n. миллион: The
country spends millions of dollars on oil.
milk [m ilk] n. молоко
mine [m ain] pron. абсол. форма
притяж. мест. “my”: That’s
mine! Give it back to me.
mineral [m inqrql] n. ~ water
минеральная вода
minister [mInIstq] n. министр
ministry [m inistri] n. министерство
miss [m is] v. скучать: Do you miss
your dog? | I miss living in the
country.
Miss n. мисс (обращ. к незам.
женщине): Miss Jones, Miss
Anne Jones | Can we go now,
Miss? | Miss, can I have the
check, please?
moment [m qVm qnt] n. момент,
минута: Please, wait a moment.
| I’m busy at the moment.
Monday [m AndI] n. понедельник
money [m AnI] n. деньги: How
much money have you got?
month [m AnT] n. месяц: What
day of the month is it today? |
I’m going on holiday next
month.
morning [m LnIN] n. утро: I go to
the office every morning. |
Tomorrow morning he’s going
to be on a radio program. | She
wakes up at six in the morning.
Moscow [m PskaV] n. Москва,
московский
most [m qVst] n. большая часть: I
was in bed most of the time.
motorcycle [m qVtq,saIkl] n. мотоцикл: He’s learning to ride his
motorcycle.
move [mu:v] v. 1) двигаться: Don’t
move, stand still! 2) переезжать, переселяться: My husband has got a job in Atlanta,
but I don’t want to move.
movie [m u:vI] n. AmE for film
Mr. [m istq] n. (сокр. от Mister)
господин: Dear Mr. Smith (at
the beginning of a letter)
Mrs. [m IsIz] n. госпожа (ставится
перед фамилией замужней
женщины): Mr. and Mrs. Smith
Ms. [m iz] n. (обращение к
женщине, чьё семейное положение не установлено): Ms.
Brown
much [m AC] adj. много: I never
carry much money with me. | He
eats too much meat. | How much
is that book?
museum [m ju:zIqm] n. музей
music [m ju:zik] n. музыка: Her
music teacher says she plays the
piano very well.
must [m Ast] v. в сочетании с
основой глагола обозн. долженствование: I must leave at
six today.
my [mai] poss. pron. мой: That’s
my problem, not yours.
N, n
name [neIm] n. имя: Her name is
Mary Nilson, her first name is
Mary.
nation [neISqn] n. нация
national
[nxSqnql]
adj.
национальный
nationality [,nxSqnlItI] n. национальность: people of many different ~ s / of the same ~
near [nIq] adv., рrер. возле, около:
The store is near the post office.
necklace [neklIs] n. ожерелье
neighbour [neIbq] n. сосед: my
nextdoor neighbour
neighbourhood [neIbqhVd] n.
микрорайон: This is a quiet
neighbourhood.
neither [naIDq] adv. тоже (в
отрицат. предл.): “I can’t
swim.” “Neither can I.”
nephew [nefju:] n. племянник
never [nevq] adv. никогда: She
never eats meat.
new [nju:] adj. новый: The idea
isn’t new.
311
news [nju:z] n. (of, about) новости:
There’s no class tomorrow?
That’s news to me.
newspaper [nju:s,peIpq] n. also
paper газета: an evening ~ | the
Sunday ~ s
New York [nju:jk] n. НьюЙорк,
adj. ньюйоркский
next [nekst] adj. следующий, ближайший, соседний: He lives
next door. | The next time you
go to the post office, can you
buy me some of the new stamps?
next to prep. рядом: Sit down next
to me!
nice [naIs] adj. хороший, приятный, славный: I know you
don’t like him but try to be nice
to him. | It was nice of you to
help us.
niece [ni:s] n. племянница
night [naIt] n. ночь: I don’t like
going out alone at night!
nine [naIn] num. девять
nineteen [,naInti:n] num. девятнадцать
ninety [naIntI] num. девяносто
ninth [naInT] num. девятый
no [nqV] pron. никакой, нет: no
parking / no smoking | He has
no money. | “Would you like a
cup of coffee?” “No, thank you.”
none [nAn] pron. никто, ничто:
None of this is mine. Из этого
мне ничего не принадлежит.
noise [nOIz] n. шум: Don’t make so
much noise – I’m trying to work.
| He’s making so much noise that
he can’t hear the telephone.
noisy [nOIzI] adj. шумный: a noisy
саг | It’s very noisy in this
office.
312
none [nAn] pron. (of) никто,
никакие: None of my friends
ever come(s) to see me. | None of
the telephones is/are working.
north [nO:T] n. север
nose [nqVz] n. нoc
notebook [nqVtbVk] n. тетрадь
November [nqvembq] n. ноябрь
now [naV] adv. сейчас, теперь:
The time for action is now.
number [nAm bq] n. номер: What
is your phone number?
nurse [nE:s] n. медсестра, няня,
сиделка: She works as a nurse
at the local hospital.
О, о
object [Pbikt] n. предмет, вещь;
~ of curiosity предмет любопытства
October [qk tqVbq] n. октябрь
office [PfIs] n. офис: The company
is moving to new offices in central London.
often [Pfqn, Pftqn] adv. часто:
Americans are often very tall. |
It’s often difficult to translate
poems.
okay, O.K. [qVkeI] adj., adv. all
right: The car’s going okay
now. | Is my hair okay? | “Sorry,
I’m late.” “That’s O.K.”
old [qVld] adj. старый: old shoes |
an old car | This bread is a bit
old. | “How old is the baby?”
“She’s eight months old.”
Olympic [qlimpik] adj. ~ games,
Олимпийские игры
on [Pn] prep. на поверхности, ~
foot пешком | I have no money
on me. У меня нет при себе
денег.
once [wAns] adv. один раз, однажды: They go there once a week.
| at ~ сейчас же, сразу же
one [wAn] num. один
open [qVpqn] adj. открытый: Why
is the box open? | Leave the door
open it’s hot here.
open v. открывать: Open your
mouth.
operate [Ppq,reIt] v. управлять,
эксплуатировать: We operate a
simple system.
opposite [PpqzIt] adj. & prep. проти воположный;
против,
напротив: Their house is just
opposite the post office. | It’s
not on this side of the street –
it’s on the opposite side.
orange [PrIn] n. апельсин; adj.
оранжевый: Does he always
wear an orange tie?
ordinary [O:dInqrI] аdj. обычный,
ординарный: ~ life / work /
man
organization [,O:gqnaIzeISqn] n.
организация
organize [O:gqnaIz] v. организовать
other [ADq] pron. другой, иной: It
was none other than Mr. Jhones.
Это был не кто иной, как сам
гн Джоунс.
our [aVq] poss. pron. (притяж.
форма от “we”) наш: Our
daughter was in France.
out [aVt] adv., prep. из, извне: The
receptionist is out. Админи-
стратор вышел. | He is just out
of bed. Он только что встал.
own [qVn] adj. свой собственный:
He has his own house.
P, p
pack [pk] v. упаковывать, втиснуть: How can you pack ten
people into that little car?
packet [pkit] n. пакет, пачка: a
packet of cigarettes
page [pei] n. страница: There’s a
picture on the next page.
paint [peInt] v. рисовать, красить: She never paints her faсe.
Она никогда не красится.
pair [peq] n. пара: Is that a new
pair of shoes?
parcel [pa:sl] n. посылка: I’m just
going to take this parcel to the
post office.
pardon [pdn] n. прощать, извинять: Pardon me!
parent [peqrqnt] n. родитель: My
parents live in Miami.
Paris [pris] n. Париж
park [pk] n. парк
partner [ptnq ] n. партнер
party [pti] n. вечер(инка): We’re
having a party on Saturday
night.
passport [pRspLt] n. паспорт: Is
money a passport to happiness?
pay [peI] v. платить: How much do
you pay for petrol?
pea [pi:] n. ropox
pen [pen] n. ручка, перо: He
makes his living by his pen. Он
313
живет литературным трудом. |
~ friend n. корреспондент
pencil [pensl] n. карандаш
penny [penI] n. (pl. pence) пенни
people [pi:pl] n. люди: Were there
many people at the meeting yesterday?
perfume [pE:fju:m] n. духи
perhaps [pqhxps] adv. вероятно
person [pE:sqn] n. человек,
личность: I like her as a person,
but not as a secretary. | She’s a
very interesting person.
personal [pE:sqnql] adj. личный:
This company makes personal
computers.
petrol [petrql] n. бензин: Six gallons of petrol, please! | ~ station
n. автозаправочная станция
philosophy [fIlPsqfI] n. философия
photo [fqVtqV] n. also photograph
фотография: If you want to
take a ~, hurry up, it’s starting
to rain.
pianist [pjnist] n. пианист: A
worldfamous pianist is playing
at tonight’s concert.
piano [pjxnqV] n. фортепиано:
She plays the piano well.
picnic [pIknIk] n. пикник: Let’s
go on / for a picnic on Saturday.
| They are having a picnic in the
country.
picture [pIktSq] n. картин(к)а:
The flowers in the picture are
beautiful.
piece [pi:s] n. кусок, часть: pieces
of broken glass | Can I have
another piece of cake?
314
pink [piŋk] adj. розовый: These
pink roses are nice.
pizza [pi:tsq] n. пицца
place [pleIs] n. место: Is London a
nice place to live?
plate [pleIt] n. тарелка: Put the
fish on a plate.
platform [pltfm] n. платформа:
The train to Pittsburgh is leaving from platform 6.
play [pleI] n. игра, пьеса,
спектакль: We’re going to see
a new play at the National
Theatre. | We have to read two of
Shakespeare’s plays for our
English class.
play v. играть: The radio is playing very loudly. | He likes playing poker with his sisters.
please [pli:z] вежл. просьба пожалуйста: Please, come in. | “Do
you want some more cake?”
“Yes, please.”
poem [pqVIm] n. стихотворение,
поэма: Do you like this poem
about autumn? | He spends all
his time writing poems.
police [pə li:s] n. полиция: The
police are looking for three
men. | Take him to the police
station.
polite [pə lait] adj. вежливый: It is
polite to say “please” when you
are asking for something.
politician [,pPlItISqn] n. политик
politics [pPlItIks] n. политика:
She wants to go into politics. |
We talk for hours about politics.
polka dot [pPlkqdPt] n. в горошек: a polka dot skirt
pop [pPp] also popular n. в стиле
“поп”: I don’t like classical
music, I like pop.
postbox [pqVstbPks] n. почтовый
ящик
postcard [pqVstkd] n. почтовая
открытка
post office n. почта
pot [pPt] n. горшок; ~ of jam
банка варенья; ~ of tea чайник
с заваренным чаем
potato [pqteItqV] n. (pl. toes)
картофель
pound [paVnd] n. фунт (единица
веса; английская денежная
единица)
practice [prktis] n. (AmE practise) практика: The student
teachers are now doing their
teaching practice. | It’s a good
idea, but does it work in practice?
practise v. 1) практиковаться,
тренироваться: You must practise parking the car in a small
space; 2) заниматься: He practises tennis every day. | She’s
practising her Spanish.
present [prez(q)nt] n. подарок,
дар: What are your parents
going to give you as a birthday
present?
president [prezIdqnt] n. президент: the President of France |
President Bush | the president
of General Motors
pretty [prItI] adj. хорошенький,
миловидный (о женщине,
ребенке, небольшой вещи): a
pretty dress | What a pretty little garden!
prince [prIns] n. принц
private [praIvIt] adj. частный:
It’s wrong to read people’s private letters.
problem [prPblqm] n. проблема,
вопрос
profession
[prqfeS(q)n]
n.
профессия: He’s a teacher by
profession. Он по профессии
учитель.
professor [prqfesq] n. профессор:
history ~ / ~ of history
program
[prqVgrqm]
n.
программа: There’s a sports
program after the news.
pub [pAb] n. закусочная; сравн.
bar
public [pAblIk] n. народ, публика:
The town gardens are open to
the public.
purple [pE:pl] adj. фиолетового
цвета
purse [pE:s] n. кошелек
put [pVt] v. класть, ставить: Put
the box on the table.
Q, q
quarter [kwtə] n. четверть: It’s a
quarter past 10 (= 10.15). | It’s
a quarter to ten (= 9.45).
Quebec [kw ibek] n. Квебек,
квебекский
queen [kwi:n] n. королева: Britain
was queen of the seas. Британия
была владычицей морей.
question [kw estSqn] n. вопрос:
The teacher can’t answer all our
questions.
quick [kw ik] adj. быстрый,
скорый: a quick worker | I like
travelling by air because it’s
quick.
315
quickly adv. быстро: Come quickly, he’s calling you!
quiet [kw aiqt] adj. тихий, неслышный: Be quiet! I’m telephoning.
R, r
racket [rkit] n. ракетка для
игры в теннис, бадминтон и
т.д.
radiator [reIdI,eItq] n. батарея
отопления
radio [reIdIqV] n. радио: You can
hear it on the radio.
railway [reilw ei] n. железная
дорога: I’ve got a job on the
railway as a booking clerk.
rain [reIn] n. дождь
rain v. идти (о дожде): It’s raining.
read [ri:d] v. читать: I can read
French but I can’t speak it.
ready [redI] adj. готовый, подготовленный: Is breakfast ready?
| The children are ready for bed.
| “Where’s David?” “He’s
upstairs getting ready to go
out.”
really [rIqlI] adv. действительно,
в самом деле: It’s really cold
today.
reception [rIsepS(q)n] n. приём:
They’re having a reception.
Они дают прием.
red [red] adj. красный
refrigerator [rIfriq,reItq] n. холодильник
relax [rilk s] v. расслабиться: Sit
down and relax.
rent [rent] n. квартирная плата
316
report [rIpLt] n. (of, on) доклад:
Не must write a report to give
to his boss.
reporter [rIpLtq] n. репортер
rest [rest] v. отдыхать: Don’t call
your mother, she’s resting.
restaurant [restqrqnt] n. ресторан
return [rItE:n] v. возвращать(ся):
When are you returning home?
| What time does your wife
return from work? | I’m going
to the library to return my
books.
return (ticket) n. билет в оба конца
revolution [,revqlu:S(q)n] n. революция
rice [raIs] n. рис
right [raIt] adj. правильный,
верный: It’s difficult to know
what is the right thing to do in
this situation.
right n. правая сторона: In
England you mustn’t drive on
the right.
ring [rIN] n. кольцо: There was a
gold ring in the box.
ring v. звенеть, звучать: The telephone is ringing.
river [rIvq] n. река; (attr.) речной:
St. Louis is on the Mississippi
River.
roast [rqVst] adj. жареный ~ beef
ростбиф
rock and roll [,rPk qnrqVl] n.
рокнролл
roll [rqVl] n. бутылка
Rome [rqVm ] n. Рим
room [ru:m ] n. комната: There
are three rooms on the first
floor and two on the top floor.
rose [rqVz] n. роза
rugby [rAgbI] n. регби
run [rAn] v. бежать: She runs two
miles a day.
Russia [rASq] n. Россия
Rusian [rAS(q)n] n. 1) русский,
россиянин; 2) русский язык;
adj. русский, российский; ~
salad салатоливье
S, s
sad [sxd] adj. грустный, печальный: I feel sad. Мне грустно.
safe [seIf] n. сейф
salad [sxlqd] n. салат: I’d like a
steak and a green salad.
same [seIm] pron. одинаковый,
тот же самый: They may look
the same, but they’re really different. | “Is he still going out
with the same girl?” “No, he’s
got a new girlfriend.”
sandwich [snwi] n. бутерброд
Saturday [sxtqdI] n. суббота: We
play tennis on Saturdays. My
birthday is on Saturday this
year.
Saudi Arabia [saudi qreIbIq] n.
Саудовская Аравия
say [seI] v. говорить: Не says he’s
thirsty. | Your children must
learn to say “thank you”.
school [sku:l] n. школа: Which
school do your children go to?
Scot [skPt] n. шотландец
Scotland [skPtlqnd] n. Шотландия
sea [si:] n. море: He likes the ~
side. Он любит ездить на море.
season [si:zqn] n. время года,
сезон: The football season
begins next week.
seat [si:t] n. место (для сидения):
Take a seat, please. | What can
we use for seats?
second [sekqnd] num. второй:
You’re the second to ask me
that. Вы уже второй человек,
который меня об этом спрашивает.
secret [si:krIt] n. тайна, секрет: I
have no secret from them.
see [si:] v. видеть: Не doesn’t see
very well with his right eye.
sell [sel] v. продавать: They sell
vegetables in that store, but
you can’t buy meat there.
semester [sImestq] n. семестр,
полугодие
seminar [semI,nR] n. семинар
send [send] v. посылать: We send
100 cards to our friends every
Christmas.
sentimental [,sentImentl] adj.
сентиментальный
September [septembq] n. сентябрь
service [sE:vIs] n. обслуживание,
сервис: The service in this place
is slow / bad.
seven [sevqn] num. семь
seventeen [,sevqnti:n] num. семнадцать
seventy [sevqntI] num. семьдесят:
she [Si:] pron. она
shelf [Self] n. (pl. shelves) полка
shirt [SE:t] n. рубашка
shoe [Su:] n. туфля, полуботинок:
I want a new pair of shoes.
317
short [SLt] n. (pl.) ~ s шорты
short adj. 1) короткий: a short
visit of only half an hour; 2)
низкого роста: He’s a short
heavy man, but he runs fast.
show [SqV] n. показ, шоу, спектакль, представление: We’re
going to a show tonight. | This is
my favourite TV show.
show v. показывать: Can I show
you my stamp collection?
shower [SaVq] n. душ: She’s having / taking a shower.
sick [sIk] adj. больной: He’s visiting his sick uncle in hospital.
silence [saIlqns] n. тишина: The
teacher asks for silence.
sing [sIN] v. петь: We enjoy singing English songs.
singer [sINgq] n. певец, певица:
She’s an opera singer.
single [sINgl] adj. l) холостой,
незамужняя: He’s still single;
2) билет, годный в одном нап
равлении: “What’s the fare?”
“It’s 1 single and 1.80 return.”
sink
[sINk]
n.
раковина
(водопровода): Put the dirty
plates in the sink.
sister [sIstq] n. сестра: His sister
works in a bank.
sit [sIt] v. сидеть: She usually sits
at the back of the class.
situation
[, sItjVeIS(q)n]
n.
положение, ситуация
six [sIks] num. шесть: Come and
have a cup of coffee at six
(o’clock).
sixteen [,sIksti:n] num. шест
надцать
318
sixty [sIkstI] num. шестьдесят
size [saIz] n. размер, величина:
What’s the size of your back
garden? | What size shirts do
you wear? | She takes size 7 in
shoes.
skate [skeIt] v. кататься на
коньках: I’m going skating.
ski [ski:] v. кататься на лыжах:
She’s learning to ski.
sleep [sli:p] n. сон: Не wants to
have a short sleep after lunch;
go to ~ заснуть: I’m trying to go
to sleep. | He often goes to sleep
in front of the TV set.
slim [slIm] adj. тонкий, слабый:
Our chances are slim.
slow [slqV] adj. медленный: The
train was very slow.
slowly adv. медленно: The car
was going very slowly.
small [smLl] adj. маленький,
небольшой: Не has a small family. | These shoes are too small
for me.
smile [smaIl] v. улыбаться: Smile,
please – I’m taking a photo.
smoke [smqVk] v. курить: Не only
smokes a pipe. | She’s smoking a
cigarette.
snow [snqV] n. снег
snow v. идти (о снеге): It’s snowing.
so [sqV] adj. l) так, подобным
образом: It was so cold yesterday; 2) также: Не was late and
so was I. | She can cook well – so
can her husband; 3) утвердит.
ответ “да”: “Is this train for
New York?” “I think so.”
soap [sqVp] n. мыло ~ opera
“мыльная опера”, телесериал
sociology
[, sqVsIPlqGI]
n.
социoлогия
sofa [sqVfq] n. диван: Two or three
people can sit on the sofa.
some [sAm] pron. 1) коекто,
некоторые: Some people drive
too fast; 2) коечто, некоторые: Some of these apples are
green; 3) несколько, немного:
“Have you got any money?”
“Yes, I’ve got some.”
sometimes [sAmtaImz] adv. иногда: I sometimes go to Columbus
on business.
son [sAn] n. сын
song [sPN] n. песня: Sing us a song!
soon [su:n] adv. скоро, вскоре: I
must be going soon. | I want to
see you as soon as possible.
sorry [sPri] adj. сожалеющий: I
feel sorry for her, her husband is
very ill. | Sorry! I’ve got the wrong
number! извините, простите
soup [su:p] n. суп: tomato soup |
Do you want some soup? We
have vegetable soup for dinner.
south [saVT] n. юг
space [speIs] n. пространство,
космос: They were the first to
put a man into space.
speak [spi:k] v. говорить: Can you
speak English?
special [speSql] adj. особый, особенный: This is a very special
day – it’s Henry’s wedding day.
speed [spi:d] n. скорость: at full /
top ~ на полной скорости, полным ходом
spell [spel] v. произносить по
буквам
spoon [spu:n] n. ложка
sport [spO:t] n. спорт: I like watching sports on TV.
sportsman
[spLtsmqn]
n.
спортсмен
spring [sprIN] n. весна: I go on
holiday in (the) spring.
stadium [steIdIqm] n. стадион
stamp [stxmp] n. марка
stand [stxnd] v. стоять, встать:
Don’t just stand there. | Help
me ~ up!
star [stR] n. звезда: а TV star | a
football star | She wants to be a
Hollywood star.
start
[stRt]
v.
начинать,
приступать: We start work at
8.30 every morning.
station [steISqn] n. станция: The
train doesn’t stop at the next
station.
stay [steI] v. останавливаться,
гостить: We’re staying with
friends. Мы гостим у друзей.
steak [steIk] n. бифштекс
straight [streIt] adj. прямой: He
has long straight hair.
street [stri:t] n. улица: “Where do
you live?” “At 16 Oxford
Street.”
striped [straIpt] adj. полосатый
strong [strPN] adj. l) сильный: He
has a strong character; 2) с
крепким запахом, вкусом:
What I want is a cup of strong
black coffee.
student [stju:dqnt] n. студент
study [stAdI] n. 1) учеба: He gives
all his time to study; 2) кабинет
study v. учиться: He studies
French. | She is studying to be a
doctor.
319
suburb [sAbE:b] n. пригород,
предместье
sugar [SVgq] n. сахар
suit [s(j)u:t] n. мужской костюм:
a dark suit
suitcase [s(j)u:tkeIs] n. (небольшой) чемодан
summer [sAmq] n. лето: a hot summer | last summer | I haven’t got
any summer clothes; it’s never
very warm here.
sun [sAn] n. солнце: We can go for
a walk now that the sun is shining again.
Sunday [sAndI] n. воскресенье: The
shops are closed on Sundays.
sunny [sAnI] adj. солнечный: ~
room / day
supermarket [s(j)u:pq,ma:kIt] n.
универсам
sure [SVq] (as answer) конечно,
непременно
surname [sE:neIm] n. фамилия:
“What’s Alan’s surname?”
“Johnson.”
surprise [sqpraIz] v. удивлять,
поражать: I’m surprised at you!
Вы меня удивляете!
sweater [swetq] n. свитер
swim [swIm] v. плавать
T, t
Tshirt [ti:SE:t] n. майка, футболка (с короткими рукавами)
table [teIbl] n. стол
take [teIk] v. l) брать: I often forget to take any umbrella. | I’m
320
taking a course in mathematics;
2) относить, отвозить: Can you
take this letter to the post
office? | We usually take the
children to school in the car; 3)
требуется: It takes three men to
lift the car. | How long does it
take to get to college by bus? ~ a
photo фотографировать; | ~
place иметь место, происходить
tall [tLl] adj. высокий: ~ building. Can you see that tall tree
over there?
talk [tLk] v. разговаривать,
беседовать: Come here! I want
to talk to you. | I don’t know
what you’re talking about.
Сравн. talk and speak. Talk
usually gives the idea of a conversation: Now it’s time to talk
business. The director speaks
to us about the company’s
plans.
taxi [txksI] n. такси: You can
take a taxi if you’re in a hurry.
tea [ti:] n. чай: a cup of tea | Do
you take milk and sugar in your
tea? | Three teas and a coffee,
please.
teacher [ti:tSq] n. учитель, преподаватель
team [ti:m] n. (спортивная) ко
манда: John is in the school hockey team. | Our team is / are playing. Cricket is a team game.
teenage [ti:neIG] adj. юношеский, подростковый: their
teenage daughter
teenager n. подросток; юноша
или девушка в возрасте от 13
до 19 лет.
telephone [telIfqVn] also phone n.
телефон: What’s your telephone number?
television [telI,vIZqn] n. телеви
дение, телевизор: Jean works
in television as a reporter.
tell [tel] v. рассказывать, сооб
щать: Tell me all about it. Расскажи мне всё как есть / было.
ten [ten] num. десять
tennis [tenIs] n. спорт, теннис: ~
player | Do you play tennis?
terrible [terIbl] adj. страшный,
ужасный: The weather is terrible today, it’s snowing.
text [tekst] n. текст
textbook [tekstbVk] n. учебник
thank [TxNk] v. благодарить,
выражать благодарность
that [Dxt] pron. (pl. those) тот:
Can you see that tall man standing by the door?
the [Dq; перед гласн. DI] опре
делённый артикль
theatre [TIqtq] n. театр: Do you
enjoy the theatre?
their [Deq] poss. pron. их: They are
eating their dinner.
theirs [Deqz] pron. абсол. форма
прит. мест. “their”: Which
house is theirs? | He’s a friend
of theirs.
them [Dem] pers. pron. им, их:
“Do you like chocolates?” “No, I
don’t like them very much.”
then [Den] adv. тогда, потом: If
you want to go home, then go.
these [Di:z] see this
they [DeI] pron. они: My brother
and sister are here. They visit
us every week.
thick [TIk] adj. толстый: ~ book
thin [TIn] adj. тонкий: ~ summer
clothes
thing [TIN] n. вещь: What do you
use this thing for?
think [TINk] v. думать: What do
you think of the film? | “He’s in
Canada, isn’t he?” “I don’t
think so.”
third [TE:d] num. третий: They
live in the third house on the
left.
thirteen [TE:ti:n] num. тринадцать
thirty [TE:tI] num. тридцать
this [DIs] pron. (pl. these) этот:
They’re coming for lunch this
afternoon.
those [DqVz] see that
thousand [TaVzqnd] num. тысяча:
You have to pay two thousand
dollars for it.
three [Tri:] num. три: Can you see
me at three o’clock?
thriller [TrIlq] n. сенсационный
фильм, приключенческий или
детективный роман или фильм
Thursday [TE:zdI] n. четверг: She
was sick that Thursday. | I have
an evening class on Thursdays.
ticket [tIkIt] n. билет: a bus / train
/ cinema ticket
tie [taI] n. галстук: Не wears a
blue tie with white spots.
time [taIm] n. время: Do you have
time for a cup of coffee? | It
takes her a long time to get to
work. | You can’t sing and drink
at the same time. | What’s the
time? Is it time to go to bed? |
I’m having a good / terrible
321
time. | in ~ поспеть вовремя:
Hurry if you want to be in time
for the beginning of the film. on
~ прийти точно / по расписанию: The train arrives on time. |
He’s never on time.
tired [taIqd] adj. усталый: I’m
tired after that long walk. | Can’t
we play another game – I’m tired
of this one.
title [taItl] n. заглавие, название
книги, фильма: The title of the
next film was “The third man”. |
What’s the title of that book
you’re reading?
toast [tqVst] n. тост, гренок: Do
you want toast and coffee for
your breakfast?
today [tqdeI] adv. сегодня: He says
he’s coming to see me today. |
What’s the date today?
together [tqgeDq] adv. вместе:
Let’s go to the cinema together.
toilet [tOIlqt] n. туалетная комната: This toilet isn’t working.
tomato [tqmRtqV] n. помидор: a
tomato salad
tonight [tqnaIt] adv. сегодня
вечером: We’re having a party
tonight.
too [tu:] adv. l) слишком: Не has
too much money. | It’s too cold
for you to play outside. | You’re
going too fast, don’t hurry. 2)
также: I can dance and sing too.
tooth [tu:T] n. (pl. teeth) зуб: Don’t
forget to brush your teeth after
breakfast.
toothpaste [tu:TpeIst] n. зубная
паста: I must buy some toothpaste.
322
top [tPp] n. верхушка, вершина:
The bird is sitting on the top of
the tree.
tourist [tVqrIst] n. турист
town [taVn] n. город, городок: This
town has an interesting history.
| His office is in town.
tradition [trqdISqn] n. традиция
train [treIn] n. поезд: I go to work
every day by train.
translate [trxnsleIt] v. (from ...
into ...) переводить (с ... на ...):
She’s translating the text from
Russian into English.
translation [trxnsleISqn] n. перевод: She’s doing an English
translation of “Faust”.
transport [trxnspLt] n. транспорт: I’d like to go to the concert,
but I haven’t any transport.
travel [trxv(q)l] v. путешест
вовать, ездить: They’re travelling
to India.
tree [tri:] n. дерево
trolley [trPlI] also trolleybus n.
троллейбус
trousers [traVzqz] n. брюки: He’s
going to buy a pair of trousers.
try [traI] v. пытаться, стараться:
Let me try to start the car.
Tuesday [tju:zdI] n. вторник: He’s
arriving on Tuesday.
tunnel [tAn(q)l] n. тоннель, туннель: The train is going through
a tunnel.
turn [tE:n] v. поворачивать: Turn
the key to the left to open the
door. ~ off phr. v. выключать:
Don’t forget to turn off the
lights. ~ on phr v. включать:
Turn on the TV – it’s time for
the news.
TV [,ti:vi:] n. short for television:
Our TV set is broken.
twelfth
[twelfT]
num.
двенадцатый: Today is the
twelfth of September.
twelve [twelv] num. двенадцать:
There’re twelve months in a year.
twenty [twentI] num. двадцать:
He’s in his twenties = he is
between 20 and 29 years old.
twice [twaIs] adv. дважды: They go
out twice a month.
two [tu:] num. два: There were only
one or two people in the store.
typical [tIpIkql] adj. типичный: a
typical British summer.
U, u
ugly [AglI] adj. уродливый: his
ugly face | ugly houses
umbrella [Ambrelq] n. зонтик: Can
I come under your umbrella? | He
has an umbrella with red, white
and blue stripes.
uncle [ANkl] n. дядя: Take me swimming, Uncle!
under [Andq] prep. под: Can you
swim under water?
underground [Andqgraund] also
tube n. метро: Let’s go on the
Underground / by Underground
understand [, Andqstxnd] v. понимать: He doesn’t understand
English, so don’t try to talk to
him.
uniform [ju:nIfLm] n. форма,
форменная одежда: The policemen were in uniform. | Is he
wearing a uniform today? | The
children all have to wear school
uniforms.
university [,ju:nIvE:sItI] n. университет: Do you go to university?
(= study at a university)
up [Ap] prep. вверх: Lift your hands
up. | She’s going up a ladder.
upset [Apset] adj. расстроенный,
встревоженный: He’s upset
that you can’t come.
us [qs; strong As] pron. нам, нас,
себе: We want to take it away
with us.
use
[ju:z]
v.
употреблять,
пользоваться, применять: I
use the buses a lot. | The car is
using too much petrol. | The
police have to use tear gas.
usually [ju:ZqlI] adv. обычно: I’m
not usually so late.
V, v
vacant [veIkqnt] adj. свободный,
незанятый: Is this seat vacant?
vegetable [veGItqbl] n. овощ,
зелень
very [verI] adv. очень: a very good
cake | a very interesting book |
It’s very warm today. | The car is
moving very slowly. | That was
very kind of you.
video [vIdIqV] n. видео: They’re
showing a video of “Gone with
the Wind”. I’ve got it on video.
323
violin [,vaIqlIn] n. скрипка
visit [vIzIt] v. посещать, навещать, ходить в гости: He’s visiting friends in France.
volleyball [vPlIbLl] n. волейбол
W, w
wait [weIt] v. (for) ждать,
дожидаться: We have to wait
(for) 20 minutes for the bus.
wake [weIk] n. просыпаться: She
usually wakes (up) early. | Wake
up, Jimmy, it’s 7.00!
Wales [weIlz] n. Уэльс
walk [wLk] v. ходить, идти
пешком: Walk, don’t run. |
When it’s a nice day, I walk to
work.
walk n. ходьба, прогулка: Let’s go
for a short walk. She’s taking
the dog for a walk.
Walkman [wLkmqn] n. плейер
wall [wL l] n. стена: We have a lot
of pictures on the walls of the
dining room.
want [wPnt] v. нуждаться: We
badly want rain. Нам очень
нужен дождь.
warm [w L m] adj. тёплый: warm
milk | a warm bath
wash [wPS] v. мыть(ся): We wash
and then go to bed.
Washington
[wPSINt(q)n]
n.
Вашингтон
watch [wPC] v. l) наблюдать,
следить за развитием событий:
Watch me and then try to copy
what I do. 2) смотреть: Do you
watch a lot of television?
324
water [wLtq] n. вода: a glass of
water | She washes her hands in
hot water.
way [weI] n. путь, дорога: Can you
show me the way to the library?
we [wi:] pron. мы: Can we go now,
sir?
wear [weq] v. носить, быть одетым
во чтолибо: He’s wearing dark
glasses.
weather [weDq] n. погода: good /
nice weather | What’s the weather like in Moscow today?
Wednesday [wenzdI] n. среда:
She’s leaving on Wednesday.
week [wi:k] n. неделя: There’re 52
weeks in the year. | My aunt is
coming to stay with us next
week.
welcome [welkqm] 1) дружеское
приветствие при встрече –
добро пожаловать! милости
просим: Welcome to our home! |
Welcome back! 2) вежливая
форма ответа на благодарность:
“Here’s your pen.” “Thank you!”
“You’re welcome.”
well [wel] adv. хорошо: She does
her homework very well. | ~ built
хорошо сложённый
west [west] n. запад
western [westqn] n. вестерн, ковбойский роман (фильм): I like
watching old westerns on TV.
adj. западный
what [wPt] pron. 1) что: “What do
you do?” “I’m an economist.” I
see what is in the box. 2) какой:
What colour is it? | What’s your
new boss like? What kind of car
do you drive?
where [weq] adv., conj. 1) где:
Where do you live? | This is the
building where I work. 2) куда:
Where are you going? | I have to
tell him where to put it.
while [waIl] conj. пока; в то время,
как: Don’t talk while he’s playing the guitar.
whisky [wIskI] n. виски
white [waIt] adj. белый: white
colour wine
why [waI] adv., conj. почему: Why
isn’t he at work today? | I want
to ask him why the train was
late.
wife [w aIf] n. жена: She’s the manager’s wife.
windsurf [wInd,sE:f] v. заниматься
виндсерфингом
wine [waIn] n. вино: Let’s have a
bottle of red wine.
winter [w Intq] n. зима: If we go on
holiday in (the) winter, we try to
go to a warm place.
with [wID] prep. вместе, с: Leave
your dog with me.
wonderful [wAndqfql] adj. удивительный, изумительный: wonderful news | We’re having a
wonderful time.
word [wE:d] n. слово: What’s the
English word for “собака”?
work [wE:k] n. работа: I go to work
by train every day. | We start
work at 9 o’clock in the morning.
| We stay at work till 6 o’clock in
the evening.
work v. работать: Не has to work
very hard, because he’s starting
a new job.
worker [wE:kq] n. рабочий: He’s a
slow worker.
write [raIt] v. писать: Can you write
your telephone number on the
top of the letter?
writer [raItq] n. писатель: He’s the
writer of six books.
Y, y
year [jIq] n. год: Next year I’m
going to work in Africa.
yellow [jelqV] adj. желтый: Look at
those yellow flowers.
yes [jes] adv. да: “Would you like to
go to the cinema?” “Yes, please.”
yoga [jqVgq] n. йога: Helen is doing
yoga right now.
yogurt [jPgqt] n. йогурт
you [ju:] pron. вы, ты: Don’t you go
away! Не вздумай(те) уйти!
young [jAN] adj. молодой: He’s a
young man – he’s only
twentyone. | This is a TV program for young people.
your [jq; strong jL] pron. твой, ваш:
Was that your idea?
yours [jL z] pron. абсол. форма
прит. мест. “your”: Isn’t she a
friend of yours?
325
БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС
UNIT 13
E N T E R T H E W O R L D OF ART
Окунитесь в мир искусства
AGENDA
* Past Simple, past modals.
Reflexive pronouns. Infinitive of
purpose. Reported spech.
(See Grammar Supplement,
p. 565)
* Painting. Exhibitions.
* Sharing impressions.
J. S. SARGENT (1856–1925 )
"MRS. CARL MEYER
AND HER CHILDREN"
NEWSWEEK PHOTO,MARCH, 1999
Study unit 13 and roleplay.
At the Tretyakov Picture Gallery
You’re a representative of the Ministry of Culture attending the
Tretyakov Gallery with a delegation of British culturologists.
Talk about realistic trends in art. Discuss the prospects for international displays.
You
Your foreign colleague
Вежливо расспросите зарубежного коллегу, понравилась ли Поделитесь впечатлениями.
Cкажите, что получили огромему выставка.
ное удовольствие от шедевров,
Заметьте, что Третьяковская которые здесь представлены.
галлерея привлекала и привле326
кает толпы зрителей. Узнай- Ответьте. Признайтесь, что вам
те у собеседника о его люби- пришлось пройти через многие
залы, чтобы посмотреть на икомом художнике.
ны (icons) Рублёва.
Объясните, что в 18 веке
изобразительное искусство в
России отошло от религии. В
19 веке передвижники (the Cогласитесь. На ваш взгляд,
«Peredvizhniki»)
стали передвижники обладали замепоследователями реалисти- чательным видением человеческой традиции в живопи- ческой природы и реальности.
си.
Расскажите гостю, что Павел
Третьяков посвятил всю свою Отметьте, что, в отличие от
жизнь созданию этой замеча- (unlike) российских мастеров,
тельной коллекции.
художники*реалисты Великобритании затушёвывали (to
soften) тёмные стороны жизни.
Выскажите мнение, что
Треть яковская
галлерея
играет важную роль в Выразите желание британской
развитии культурных тради- стороны провести в Лондоне
ций России.
выставку картин Третьяковской
галлереи.
Section I
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Set 1
THAT IS ALL PAST HISTORY
ВСЁ ЭТО УЖЕ ИСТОРИЯ
When did it take place?
Когда это произошло?
1. Make sure that you pronounce the ending ed correctly
[t]
[d]
dance, brush, cook, smoke, watch, talk, fix, switch,
work
cry, play, study, shave, clean, smile, listen, yawn
327
[Id ]
paint, plant, nod, wait, shout, last
2. Ask your friend if he/she had a good time last Saturday.
Collect the information and make up a list of each student’s indoor
activities.
Example:
stay at home
clean the flat
type letters
play a sport
– Did you visit any art museum last Saturday?
– Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.
watch a football match
relax on the sofa
practise English
listen to some music
fix the TV set
read newspapers
prepare for the test
play computer games
3. Give a reasonable explanation to the facts below.
Remember!
Example:
to be nervous – нервничать
– Did Jim go to the dentist yesterday?
– Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. He was too
nervous.
1. Mrs. Philton / go to the doctor? ( Yes, / ill. ) 2. You / have an
enormous glass of water? ( No, / not thirsty.) 3. Peter’s brother /
look miserable? ( Yes, / upset about Peter.) 4. Your parents / take
a taxi? (No, / not in a hurry.) 5. Nancy / watch “Gone with the
wind”? (Yes, / so sentimental.) 6. Jim / go to McDonald’s yesterday? ( Yes, / hungry as a wolf.) 7. He / visit his old friends? ( No,
/ very much busy.)
4. What changes took place in Henry’s everyday routine?
Example:
go (went) jogging in the mornings /
shopping
Usually Henry goes jogging in the mornings.
Yesterday he didn’t go jogging. He went shopping.
1. take (took) the bus to the university / the underground.
2. do (did) his homework after classes / in the evening.
3. read (read [red]) detective stories / an English textbook.
4. sit (sat) next to Mary at lectures. / next to Charlie.
328
5. buy (bought) apples for dinner / bananas.
6. have (had) a lovely time at parties / a terrible time at
yesterday’s party.
7. have (had) a shower before going to bed / a bath.
8. eat (ate) at home on weekdays / out last night.
9. get (got) home before his parents’ arrival / after midnight.
4a. Describe your last week’s activities using the verbs of task 4.
Example:
Last Monday I had a lot of work to do.
On Monday morning...
On Tuesday afternoon...
5. Pairwork. Ask each other about when these things took
place.
Example:
see a video
take a photo
have a holiday
travel by train
listen to a lecture
watch a new film
– When did you last get a present?
– On Christmas day, two months ago.
write and send a postcard
read “Hotel” by Arthur Hailey
go to the art gallery
wait a long time for the bus
buy a pair of new shoes
speak to an English professor
6. Think of suitable verbs to say what happened to these people
in the past. You may need the following verbs:
to see – saw
to speak – spoke
Example:
to drink – drank
to write – wrote
She / last / London / 3 weeks ago.
She last visited London 3 weeks ago.
1. She last / London / a year... 2. They first / the cinema / 25
years... 3. I last / the dean / five minutes ... 4. She first / a story
by O. Henry / 6 years.. 5. Arthur last / a new car / a month... 6. I
first / a letter to a pen friend / two years... 7. We last / champagne
/ at a party / three weeks... 8. Tom and Susan last / at a very
329
expensive hotel / about six weeks... 9. The Browns first / about
their son’s career / two years...
7. When did these events happen? Put the verbs in brackets in
Simple Past.
to fly – flew [flu:]
to leave – left
The first man (step) on the moon / 21st of July 1969.
The Second World War ( end ) / 2nd of September 1945.
The USA ( drop ) an atomic bomb on Hiroshima / 6th of August
1945.
Hillary and Tenzing ( climb ) Mt. Everest / 29th of May 1953.
The first man ( fly ) to space / 12th of April.
The United Nations ( open ) the first session / 26th of June
1945.
The last American soldier ( leave ) Vietnam / 29th of March
1973.
8. Culture Quiz “Who did what?”
Note!
Example:
to invent – изобретать;
to discover – открывать
– Who invented the telephone?
– Alexander Bell was the man who
invented the telephone.
fight – fought
1. invent the telephone
2. fight for women’s rights
3. compose the Moonlight
Sonata
4. develop the steam engine
5. build the Panama Canal
build * built
6. paint Mona Lisa
7. discover radium
8. write King Lear
9. transmit the first TV picture
10. fight a Battle of Waterloo
(Ludvig van Beethoven, John Baird, Alexander Eiffel, Marie
Curie, William Shakespeare, Duke of Wellington, Emmeline
Pankhurst, Leonardo da Vinci, Alexander Bell, James Watt)
330
9. You want to know a thing or two about painting. Ask your
friend: a) when each of these British painters was born and when he
died; b) what century he lived in.
Remember!
a century [sen tSqrI] – столетие
a painter – художник
to be born – родиться
to die – умереть
1. William Hogarth (1697–1764); 2.Thomas Gainsborough
[geIn zb qrq] (1727–1788); 3. John Constable (1776–1837); 4. Sir
Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792); 5.William Blake (1757–1827);
6. Joseph Turner (1775–1851); 7. James Whistler (1834–1903);
8. Francis Bacon (1909–1992).
Set 2
Have you got any message for me?
Что вы мне можете сообщить?
10. Read what Charles says about his life experiences* and
translate these sentences into Russian.What can he remember?
Remember!
exhibition [,eksIbISqn] – выставка
to enjoy [InGOI] oneself – хорошо
проводить время, наслаждаться
I – myself
you – yourself
he – himself
she – herself
it – itself
we – ourselves
you – yourselves
they – themselves
1. At the age of 15 I cut myself in the bathroom while shaving.
2. My younger brother fell off the bicycle and hurt himself.
3. When I was 17, my elder sister found herself a job in an office.
4. My Mum and Dad bought themselves a new car.
5. My friend and I figured out how to play chess ourselves.
6. I enjoyed myself at an exhibition of African art.
*
a life experience – случай из жизни, жизненный опыт.
331
11. Read the following letter. Imagine it is from an English pen
friend.
a) Write a reply, answering his questions. Use the prompts
below.
12 North Road
Oxford
5 November
Hi!
How are you? What’s the weather like with you? It’s awful here.
It rained every day in October and it’s raining now.
It was really good to get your address. Your college sounds more
interesting than mine. And I was amazed to hear about the
mountain*climbing trip you did. Weren’t you scared when it
started to snow?
My big news is that I was selected for the college basketball team.
I’m so pleased, because we have a great team at college, and
there’s a lot of competition to get in it. Is there a basketball team
at your university?
Write and tell me all about your family and yourself.
Love,
Robert
Remember!
to enter school – поступить в школу
IMPORTANT POINTS IN YOUR AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Born
Parents
School
Free time
First job
when?
where?
work?
live?
like?
dislike?
sports?
hobbies?
what?
earn?
I was born in…
I lived there for…
We moved when…
I grew up ..
My grandfather died when…
I finished school in…
I entered college (university) in…
I started working in…
332
b) Reproduce your letter in class. Vote for the best story.
12. You are planning a trip to Great Britain.
a) You wrote about it to your friend in Oxford and then received
a letter from him in which he tried to specify some details.
What does he ask you about?
Example:
– Are you travelling on business?
– He asks me if / whether I’m travelling on
business.
1. Are you travelling on business? / for pleasure?
2. Would you like to visit Oxford?
3. Are you flying by plane?
4. Should you check with the ticket agent beforehand?
5. Are you going to stay at a hotel?
6. Does any of your friends want to join you for the trip ?
7. Can he / she speek English?
b) You need some information about the target country. Let
your classmates report your questions about Great Britain and
answer them using the phrases below.
Cultural Note
Coaches are long*distance buses on which people travel between
some towns and
cities. They are not so expensive as trains.
1. Where can people buy stamps to write home from the UK?
( in a post office, often inside a small shop )
2. Where are the Houses of Parliament [pa:lqmqnt]?
( in the City of London )
3. Do the British drive on the right*hand side of the road?
4. Why does the colour of London buses stay red? (to help tourists)
5. Why are coaches popular in Britain? ( comfortable )
6. What does the “Highway Code” mean? ( a list of rules for
drivers )
7. Do British drivers have to wear seatbelts?
333
13. Great Britain Quiz.
Here’s a list of things you must know about Britain. Check if
your group mates can give correct answers to these questions.
YOU:
Can you tell me if/whether... ?
YOUR FRIEND:
I have no idea
I’m not sure
if/whether...
I don’t know
1. Is William Shakespeare’s birthplace in Stratford*on*Avon or in
Dublin?
2. Should you change your English pounds to Scottish pounds in
Edinburgh?
3. Do you have to use an English*Gaelic* dictionary, when you
travel around Wales?
4. Do you have to cross the English Channel to get to Northern
Ireland?
5. Do Chinese restaurants serve good meals at low prices?
6. You’re flying from England to Scotland. Do you have to show
your passport?
7. Is all medical service for foreigners free in Britain?
Listening.
14.
Listen to the interview, in which Robert Lewis, a TV reporter, is
asking Angela about the time when she worked at the National gallery.
Note!
a tricky customer – «трудный» клиент
except – кроме, исключая, разве лишь
to guess [ges] (AmE) – предполагать
subway (AmE) = underground (BrE)
a) Consider the following points.
The time of day that things happened.
Midday time*off.
Angela’s attitude to her job.
Public transport.
The Tate Gallery
* Gaelic and Welsh are Celtic languages. Gaelic is spoken in Scotlahd and Welsh * in Wales.
334
b) Listen to the recording again and focus on the facts from the
interview.
– Did Angela work locally?
– How did she earn her living?
– Did Angela receive visitors or did she organize any shows?
– Do you think she was a secretary, administrator or assistant*
director?
– Did Angela get tired in the evenings? Why? / Why not?
– Does Angela tell Robert about her home? Have you got any idea
of her family?
– What country does the speaker come from? How do you know?
c) Look at the choices below. Find the points that make sense
with the interview.
1. Angela took care of paintings at the Museum. 2. The whole
thing was a matter of little importance to her. 3. Her routine was
simple. She led an ordinary life. 4. Angela gave and answered telephone calls. 5. She used to organize shows for the public.
d) Suggest your title to the text.
e) Act as TV reporter. Interview Angela about her birthplace,
parents and life experiences. Write down a few questions. Use: Did
you...? / Where?…/ When?…/ How?…/ How long?…/ How many?…/
What?…/ What kind of…?
Set 3
What you could dо and had to do
Что вы могли и должны были сделать
15. Explain why you were not able to do these things.
was/were (not) able to do sth
Remember!
to attend [qtend] sth – посещать,
присутствовать
335
Examples:
1. – Was your colleague able to do much when
he got home?
– No, he wasn’t. He was too tired.
2. – Were you able to work overtime yesterday?
– No, we weren’t. We were too tired.
1. Eat pizza quickly? / just out of the oven.
2. Get Mike on the phone? / was out all day.
3. Operate the computer? / had a headache.
4. Attend the lecture? / had a toothache.
5. Fall asleep? / the neighbours were too noisy.
6. Drive your car? / was stuck in the traffic.
7. Lift the suitcase? / very heavy.
8. Walk in the park? / It was raining.
16. These people were not able to enjoy themselves last night.
Think of any likely reasons.
Example:
– Did Keith enjoy himself at the concert last
night?
– No, he didn’t. He wasn’t able to attend the
concert, because his brother was ill.
you / at Mary’s party
Sally / at the exhibition
your father / at the football game
your friends / at the tennis match
your cousins / at the picnic
the Wilsons / at the symphony
17. Read the following text. It’s a true story !
Remember!
to decide – решить
to miss – недоставать
a finger – палец
to put – put
to say – said
to sell – sold
to tell – told
336
a shape – форма
gloves [glAvz] – перчатки
suddenly – неожиданно
to hang – hung
to know – knew
to forget – forgot
to bring – brought
THE MISSING FINGER
Cultural Note
Renoir, Pierre (1841–1919) a French painter who helped to
form the IMPRESSIONIST movement. He is known for his bright,
colourful style of painting.
Part 1. An original Renoir [renwa:] was stolen.
One of the paintings – an original Renoir – was stolen* from
the City Museum of Art. “The thief was very clever. He put an
exact copy of the painting on the wall,” the director of the musum
said, when detective Joel Kaplan came into the office.
“If the copy was so good, how did you find out that it wasn’t the
original?”
“Yesterday an art professor visited the museum and saw the imitation at once.”
Questions.
1. Was the thief very clever? Ask “Why?”
2. Did the chief of the police come to the museum? Ask “Who?”
3. Did the director of the museum find out that it wasn’t the original? Ask “Who?” “How?”
Part 2. She sold her copy to a man.
Art students who used to make copies of the paintings in the
Renoir room agreed to come to the museum and talk to the detective. Four of the five brought their copies with them. But the fifth
one, Mary Evans, no longer had hers. “I needed the money to finish art school. So I sold it to a man watching me copy it in the
museum several weeks ago. He never told me his name.”
* was stolen * была украдена
337
“What did the man look like?” Joel Kaplan asked. “Wasn’t
there anything unusual about him?” “Oh, yes – the little finger on
his left hand was missing.”
Questions.
1. Did art students use to make copies in the Picasso room? Ask
“Where?”
2. Did they agree to talk to the director or to the chief of the
police? Ask “Who?”
3. Did all the students bring their copies with them? Ask “How
many of them?”
4. Did Miss Evans show hers? Ask “Why not?”
5. Did the girl sell the copy to a friend of hers? Ask “Who?”
“When?”
6. What was there unusual about the man?
Part 3. The thief forgot one thing.
The police officer decided to watch one of the new women who
did the cleaning in the building. She was not very tall and had
gloves on her hands. She carried a large box of cleaning things
with her from one room to another. Suddenly the woman took off
a small painting by Picasso, took an exact copy out of the box,
hung it up and put the original painting into her box. The detective stopped her. “Very clever, but not clever enough. Like most
people in your profession you forgot one thing.”
“What was that?” the woman asked in a man’s voice.
“Your left hand. I knew that the thief was missing one finger
on the left hand.”
“But I’m wearing gloves,” the thief said, “and I don’t understand how...”
“I could see by the shape of the glove that you only had four
fingers. You had to fill the little finger of the glove with paper or
something.”
“Next time I’ll remember.”
“There isn’t going to be any next time. I’m driving you to the
police station.”
338
Questions.
1. Did Joel Kaplan decide to watch one of the students? Ask
“Whom?”
2. Did the cleaning woman carry a brush as she went from one
room to another? Ask “What?”
3. Did she take off an original painting by Picasso? Ask “What
for?”
4. Did she take an exact copy of Picasso from her box? Ask “What
for?”
5. Did the police officer stop the thief? Ask “How?”
6. The criminal forgot to do one thing, didn’t he? Ask “What?”
7. Did he want to correct his mistake? Ask “When?”
8. What were the detective’s last words?
18. Tasks.
a) Do you know how to express past obligations? Compare the
following phrases.
Mary
had
the painting no longer.
(There’s no obligation in the sentence.)
She
had to sell
the painting.
Did she
have to sell
the painting?
(Yes, she did.)
Why did she have to sell
the painting?
(Because she needed the money to finish art school.)
Who
had to detect
the thief?
(Joel Kaplan did.)
b) Look at the notes in Kaplan’s diary. Discuss his methods of
work by asking each other what he had to do to detect the thief.
Remember:
Example:
to hide – спрятаться
Ask the director about the whole matter.
What did Kaplan have to ask the director
about?
1. Ask art students about the copies. (What?) 2.Talk to the women
who do the cleaning. (Who?) 3. Stay in the museum after closing
time. (When?) 4. Hide behind the column. (Where?) 5. Watch his/
her hands. (What? / Why?) 6. Spot the thief, or he/she tries again.
(Why?) 7. Contact the police station at once. (What do?)
339
c) Do you think the policeman was on the right way? Why?
d) Can you speak about abilities in the past? Find the sentence
in the text with the past form of the verb “can”.
can – could [kVd]
e) Ask what these people could do, what they couldn’t do and
why. Give your reasons.
Example:
thief
The police couldn’t (could not) detect the
in a day.
– Could the police detect the thief in a day?
– Yes, they could./ No, they couldn’t.
– Why couldn’t they detect the thief in a day?
– They had to ask a lot of people.
1. It was summer, but the detective couldn’t go away for a holiday.
2. The director of the museum couldn’t find out that the original
Renoir was missing. 3. At first the detective couldn’t get any
information from the students. 4. None of the art students could
steal the painting. 5. Mary Evans couldn’t show her copy. 6. The
cleaning woman could not see the police officer. 7. Joel Kaplan
could easily detect the thief. 8. The thief could finally understand
his mistake.
Section II
ARTIST’S THEME
ТЕМА ХУДОЖНИКА
Set 1 READING
Famous lives
Жизнь замечательных людей
FOR DETAIL
19. Read the following words and word combinations and
remember how to use them.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
to train [treIn] v. обучаться какой*л. профессии: She trained as a
singer under a famous professor of music.
340
a root [ru:t] n. корень: Let’s try to get to the root of this problem.
a detail [dJ teIl] n. подробность, деталь; in detail подробно: She
told us in detail how to get to her house.
to create [krieIt] v. создавать, творить: God created the world.
remarkable [rIm a:kqbl] adj. замечательный, примечательный:
Rembrandt is a Dutch painter who is remarkable for his use of
light and shade.
career [kqrIq] n. карьера: Monet spent most of his career working
in France.
human [hju:m qn] adj. человеческий: The archeologists found
several human skeletons.
a drawing [drL IN] n. рисунок: He showed me a remarkable drawing of a church.
attract [qtrx kt] v. привлекать: Briullov’s colourful paintings
always attract a lot of attention. attraction n. достопримечательность. The castle is one of the tourist attractions in our
town.
a crowd [kraVd] n. толпа: There were crowds of people at the Royal
Academy of Arts on that day.
a series [sIqri:z] n. серия, цикл: We are publishing a new series on
ethnic music next year.
to take part in sth принимать участие в чём*н.: My boss took part
in a conference on plastics last week.
on the other hand fig. однако: This job of mine isn’t well paid, but
on the other hand I don’t have to work long hours. On the one
hand, on the other hand с одной стороны..., с другой cтороны
(используется для аргументации противоположных точек
зрения)
to view [vju:] v. осматривать, оценивать: Several possible buyers
are coming to view the goods. to be on view выставляться: The
pictures are on view all week.
to exhibit [IgzIbIt] v. демонстрировать, выставлять, экспонировать: She exhibited her drawings in Paris. an exhibit n.
экспонат: We also viewed some of the exhibits from Canada.
an exhibition [eksI bIS(q)n] n. выставка
versatile [vE:sq ,taIl] adj. разносторонний: That master’s composition showed ,his versatile talent.
341
WORD BUILDING
20. Study the following words. Each of the italicized (выделенные
курсивом) suffixes forms a noun, which shows the doer of the
action.
Organize these words into three groups of meanings.
Driver, founder, biographer, follower, carrier, viewer, cubist, novelist, classicist, li`brarian, historian, musician, assistant,
occupant.
21. Read these international words and suggest their Russian
equivalents.
A person who
studies the subject
professionally:
A person who
works in a certain
field:
A person who
follows a set
of ideas:
Сubic, balance, contrast, classic, public, artistic, , geometric,
design, portrait, nervous, vision, particular, collage [kqla:Z],
, panorama, , retrospective, organize, idol [aIdl], harmony, passion, industrial.
22. Read an extract from the “International Herald Tribune” and
find the answer to the following question.
What kind of artist is David Hockney?
(1937 – ...)
Cultural Notes
1. The avant*garde [, xvQgQ:d] are painters, writers, musicians, etc., whose work
is based on the new ideas and methods.
342
2. Picasso [pikxsqV], Pablo (18811973) a Spanish painter
who worked in France; one of the founders of CUBISM – a
20th*century art style in which the subject matter is represented
by geometric shapes.
Text A
Success Story
by Mary Blume
David Hockney was born in the suburbs of Bradford, England,
and trained at London’s Royal Academy of Art. His key subject
was the human figure – unclothed and dressed, in contact with
water and light. In his paintings Hockney is a classicist who sees
the human form as a carrier of universal ideas like emotion, balance, design.
In 1978 without leaving his British roots he bought a house in
California. Detailed portraits of his avant*guard friends in America showed his remarkable artistic vision. Hockney’s ideas are
also in the cubist photo collages and in his panoramas of his native
countryside.
In 1988 he became the subject of a career retrospective at
LACMA* – a show of his art works from his early years up to the
present time. In 1996 a show of Hockney drawings** (also at
LACMA ) attracted crowds to view this master of line.
In 1999 David Hockney came to Paris to exhibit his Grand
Canyon series and took part in a big press conference. He said he
felt a bit nervous to open the exhibition of his paintings at the
Picasso Museum. To see Hockney compositions, viewers walked
through the rooms of Picasso first. “The pieces of my work are taking an idea from the great painter,” he said. “I loved and studied
Picasso but I’m no artist like him at all. I can’t be. On the other hand,
I think it’s possible to look at his work and move from it.”
Whether you like Hockney or not, biographers agree that he is
a versatile 20th*century artist. He does nothing half way and
keeps up the pace.***
* LACMA – Los Angeles County Museum of Art
** Hockney drawings – AmE; Hockney’s drawings – BrE
*** to keep up the pace – идти в ногу со временем, держать ритм
343
23. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Answer these questions using the infinitives of purpose
(инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели).
Example:
–
Why did Hockney leave Great Britain?
(to settle)
– To settle in California. (Чтобы поселиться в
Калифорнии.)
1. Why did crowds of people attend a retrospective of Hockney art
works at LACMA? ( to view )
2. Why did the public come to LACMA again in 1996? ( to view )
3. Why did Hockney arrive in Paris in 1999? ( to exhibit )
4. Why did the visitors have to walk through the rooms of Picasso
first? ( to get to )
5. Why did David Hockney take part in a big press conference? (to
talk art )
6. Why did he combine old methods and new ideas in his work? (to
create his own original style).
c) Find the English for the following Russian phrases and use
them while discussing the text.
Головокружительная карьера; Хокни проходил обучение;
лейтмотив его творчества; носитель универсальных идей; не
покидая родины; раскрылось его замечательное художественное дарование (видение); панорама сельской местности;
стал объектом выставки; слегка нервничал; прошли через
залы, стало возможным отодвинуться от его творчества; не
останавливается на полпути; идёт в ногу со временем.
d) Select words and phrases relating to the subject of Hockney
artworks.
e) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right. What letter does number 1 go with?
1. a crowd
2. to take part
3. a career
344
a) a collection of things on display
b) concerning people
c) to make, to produce something new
4. an artist
5. human
d) a man who devoted all his life to art
e) a piece of work, esp. art, done with extreme
skill
6. a masterpiece f) a group of things of the same kind, coming
in order
7. to create
g) to have a share in an activity or event
8. a show
h) a large number of people gathered together
9. a series
i) a job or profession which one follows in life
f) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and
phrases from the text.
1. He’s a professional soldier. 2. Her drawings are on display at
the Hayward Gallery. 3. The project is going to produce up to 60
new jobs. 4. He is taking a practical course at university to become
an architect. 5. The theme of the discussion attracted lots of people. 6. Every student participated in the conference. 7. Some films
show unusual things, however, they don’t give a picture of reality. 8.
The young audience enjoyed the way the programme presented
students’ life. 9. The newly found Greek sculpture is the focus of
today’s show.
g) Translate the following sentences into Russian.Give English
equivalents to the expressions with the word “view”.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. You can get a good view of the picture if you stand at this
window.
Try to look at it from my point of view (viewpoint). I take
a different view.
He wanted to get a clear view of the situation.
I’d like a room with a view of the garden, please.
You must excuse him in view of his youth.
Look! You get a nice view from here!
7. What are your views on free university education?
8. In my view, he is too enthusiastic about football.
h) Study some facts from famous painters’ biographies. Put in the
missing words from the box below.
345
to create composition
attraction masterpiece
to portray remarkable to dominate
founder career to devote human
1. Cezanne didn’t paint figures from life or from ..... experience.
He invented his own fantastic world. 2. Art historians think that
colour ..... in Picasso’s paintings. 3. Manet was the ..... of
Impressionism. He ..... a lot of time to the study of Velasques
[vIlxskwIz]. 4. Goya is the great master of ..... who had projects
enough for 400 years. He ..... 13 members of the royal family representing three generations. 5. In his ..... Ingres followed the traditions of the Italian school of painting. He ..... pictures, full of
harmony. 6. Our main ..... on tonight’s show is an interview with
David Hockney. 7. The “Mona Lisa” was Leonardo’s ..... . 8.
Constable had a ..... sense of colour. His idol in painting was
Rubens.
i) Read these sentences. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. Joseph Turner was remarkable ..... historical paintings such as
“The last return of the “Temerfria”. 2. A conflict between idealism and realism was not typical ..... British painting. 3. A series
of European artists played an important role ..... the development
..... art ..... the British Isles. 4. The works ..... Bacon and Freud
were ..... view in Paris last year. 5. Rubens (1577 – 1640) worked
..... England ..... King Charles 1. 6. The showroom was alive .....
people. I told my friend about the display ..... detail.
j) Look through the text a second time and discuss the following
points.
1. What is the key subject of Hockney compositions? 2. What is
original about his artistic vision? 3. Find some facts about the artist’s roots and training (his background). 4. Who formed the circle
of his friends when he moved to the USA? 5. What artworks
reflect his life story? 6. What does a career retrospective mean?
7. Can you remember when David Hockney first opened a retrospective exhibition and when he did it last? 8. Why did the painter
feel nervous before the last show? 9. What is the secret of his
popularity? Is it because he follows the Old Masters’ traditions, or
346
because he is avant*garde in his creation of new styles? 10. Whose
is his style like?
k) Give a presentation on Hockney’s art career. Focus on the
following things.
David Hockney’s life was rich in events. What gave him food
for thought?
The artist had to study (through careful copying) the works of
the Old Masters. Why did he have to move from Picasso?
Why do biographers and art lovers think Hockney is a versatile
painter?
24.
Listening.
a) Listen to the story about Picasso and say if the following plan
is correct.
Remember!
to give sb a glance – бросить взгляд
a handkerchief – носовой платок
a breast [brest] pocket – нагрудный карман
to introduce oneself – представляться (знакомиться)
to represent [,reprIzent] – изображать, символизировать
to reply [rIplaI] – отвечать
to take a step backwards – cделать шаг назад
Note!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a bull [bVl] – бык
brutality – грубость, жестокость
an insult – оскорбление, обида
Picasso’s appearance.
The critic’s interest in him.
Interpretation of “The Sailor”.
Understanding “Guernica”.
Picasso’s artistic style.
b) Listen again and rearrange the sentences according to the
logic of the text. Discuss the details behind each of these points.
I didn’t mean to have a political meaning at all.
347
I paint this way because it’s the result of my thought.
The bull represents brutality, the horse – the people.
I wanted to get to know him personally.
His hands were small and solid.
c) Say if any of the facts about Picasso are new to you.
25. Write and speak about your favourite painter using the following words and word combinations.
famous as
a career
had to devote
show a remarkable vision
follow the traditions
attract viewers
26. Simulation
You’re journalists taking part in a press conference with David
Hockney.
a) Ask him questions to get as much information about his life
and career as you can.
b) Mind you have to be tactful in the way you ask personal questions.
c) Study some opening expressions to lead up to questions and
polite answers:
Questions:
Answers:
Mr. ..., let me / can I ask you one or two questions?
Could you / the speaker / the guest tell us about...?
One more question, please.
Yes, of course. If I got you right / correctly...
That’s a very interesting question.
Well, let me see /think for a moment.
You may start like this:
1. First of all, Mr. Hockney, where were you born?
2. Who is your idol in painting? / music? / poetry?
3. ................................................................?
27. Read the joke aloud and then try to retell it. Make a note of
one or two key words, if necessary.
348
JOKE SPOT
Speeches
Mr. Jones didn’t like writing speeches. When it was necessary
to make a speech, he asked his assistant to prepare it. Usually, she
wrote excellent speeches and Mr. Jones was considered a good
speaker.
One day Mr. Jones came back to his office after speaking at
lunch. He was very angry. “I told you to write me an interesting 30
minute speech,” he said. “The speech you gave me lasted 1 hour
and the people were very bored.”
“The speech I gave you lasted 30 minutes,” replied his assistant. “But I gave you two copies!”
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on Russian painters...
28. Translate the following text into English and figure out the
name of a famous Russian artist. Use the prompts below the text.
............? (1832 – 98)
............ известен как мастер реалистической пейзажной
живописи. Родился в Елабуге. После окончания Московского
художественного училища в 1856 г. он много путешествовал по
России, учился в Берлине у швейцарского художника Коллера.
В своей работе он использует идею соотношения цветов
самой природы. Для развития чувства цвета он забирался в
лесную глушь и проводил там по несколько месяцев в году.
Художник создавал правдивые картины: “Сосновый бор”,
“Утро в сосновом бору” и др. В 1871 г. художник начал экспонировать свои пейзажи на выставках передвижников. Его
работы привлекают зрителей тем, что они отражают национальные мотивы – красоту и мощь русской природы.
(Realistic landscape painting; to graduate from; colour relations;
a sense of colour; to go into the wild; “Morn in a pine wood”; the
beauties and the power of nature.)
349
29. Project work.
Find some information about a Russian artist. Don’t forget that
the facts should be interesting to your foreign partner. Make notes
having in mind the following points:
a particular style, form and subject of this artist’s works;
a few facts from his biography;
some important events in his career;
two reasons for his popularity.
Set 2
QUICK READING
AND DISCUSSION
What’s on display today?
Что сегодня на выставках?
30. Study a page from the “Information Daily” (1999) and
answer the following questions.
1. What modern artists were the attraction of the British public
during spring and summer months?
2. What Pre*Raphaelite artist became the subject of
a retrospective in London?
Note!
outstanding –
выдающийся
print – гравюра,
эстамп
major – крупный,
главный
to span – охватывать
previously unknown –
прежде неизвестный
to house – размещать
Cultural Note
Pre*Raphaelites [pri:rxf
qlaIts] (1848) (прерафа350
Here you can enjoy beauty.
элиты) is a group of 19th*century English painters who based
their work on the artistic principles of the late Middle Ages. The
protest against the Industrial Revolution led them to the beauty of
Italian art (before Raphael). Their paintings had many small
details and they often used bright colours on a white background.
Text B
Exhibitions
NATIONAL GALLERY
NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY
Portraits by Ingres Paintings
and
drawings
by
the
19th*century French artist.
Mon, Tue, Thur*Sun 10am*6pm,
ends 25 Apr., ₤ 6.
Rogier Van Der Weyden in the
National Gallery. Paintings by
the 15th*century Dutch Master. Mon, Tue, Thur*Sun
10am*6pm, Wed 10am*9pm,
ends 4 Jul, free
Orazio Gentileschi at the Court of
Charles 1. Works by the
17th*centuty Italian follower of
Caravaggio. Mon, Tue, Thur*Sun
10am*6pm, ends 23 May, free.
Trafalgar Square, WC2 (0171*747
2885) Charing Cross.
Millais: Portraits Major retrospective of portraits by the
Pre*Raphaelite artist. Ends 6
Jun., ₤ 4. St. Martins Place,
WC2 (071*306 0055)
CAMBRIDGE
MUSEUM
IPSWICH
Modern Britain 19271939
Works by Francis Bacon, Paul
Nash and Barbara Hepworth.
Mon*Sun 11.30am*6pm, ends
18 Jul ₤ 5.25 Shad Thames SE1
(0171*378 6055)
TATE GALLERY
Works on Paper and Paintings:
Francis Bacon. Previously
unknown works. Ends 2 May,
free (0870*842 2233)
FITZWILLIAM ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS
Rembrandt and the Passion The
museum’s outstanding print
collection. Tue*Sat 10am*5pm,
ends 20 June, free. Trumpington
Street (01223*332900)
KandinskyWatercolours and
Other Works on Paper. Works
spanning the career of the
abstract
artist.
Mon*Sun
10am*6pm, ends 4 Jul., ₤ 6,
child (8*11) 1.50. Burlington
House, Piccadilly, W1 (071*300
8000) Green Park
351
31. Tasks
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Answer the following group of questions about each of the
museums on the newspaper page.
1. What artist(s) did the particular art museum/gallery exhibit?
2. Could the public attend the display every day?
3. What were the times of opening (время работы)?
4. Was the ticket free? How much did it cost?
5. Did the paper publish the address and the telephone number?
6. Can you say that the pictures were on view all month? Why not?
c) What exhibitions give you the idea that there is a “School of
London”? Which of these shows would you like to attend?
d) Let us pretend that you’re staying in London till 1 June. Which
of the above exhibitions are you able to attend?
32. What pieces of art and how many of them do the following
worldfamous museums house?
1. The London National Gallery / the collection of 38 Old Masters
paintings.
2. The National Portrait Gallery / a unique collection of about 10
thousand portraits of remarkable British men and women who
created and are still creating the history.
3. The Tate Gallery / about 300 oils and 19 thousand water*colours
and drawings. Also, it / a number of sculptures.
4. In 1998 the Uffizi Gallery in Florence opened a new wing which
/ the collection of 18th – century frescoes.
5. The Tretyakov Gallery / over 50 thousand paintings, sculptures and drawings representing the history of Russia’s artistic culture.
The museum houses
a vast collection of wonderful paintings and
prints from the 17th to
the
20th
centuries,
including
works
by
Picasso, Chagall and
Toulouse_Lautrec.
352
Galerie Michael, California
33. Act as journalist. Speak to the assistant director of the Royal
Academy of Arts.
Remember!
an event [Ivent] – событие
to cover an event – освещать событие
space – пространство, место
mass media [mi:dIq] – средства массовой
информации
You:
Consey:
You:
Consey:
You:
Consey:
You:
Consey:
You:
Consey:
ed
You:
Здравствуйте, г*н Конси. Я Олег Федин,
корреспондент газеты “The Moscow Times”.
Good morning. Mr. Fedin. What can I do for you?
Нашим читателям было бы интересно узнать о
развитии культурных контактов между
Британией и Россuей. Могу я задать Вам
несколько вопросов?
You’re welcome.
Когда Вы последний раз открывали выставку
картин российских художников?
In the summer of 1999 we organized a retrospective
show of Kandinsky’s watercolours and prints
spanning his career.
Василий Кандинский был основателем школы
абстрактного искусства в России. Какие средства
массовой информации освещали это событие?
There were lots of guests, people from newspapers,
radio and TV at the opening ceremony. People show
interest in Russia’s cultural traditions.
Кто выступал с докладом от российской cтороны?
Some of the visiting Russian officials did. I
remember it all very well, because suddenly it startraining and we had to leave the garden. So the space
in the building was limited.
Спасибо, г*н Конси, за интервью.
353
34. Figure it out
Note!
patron [peItrqn] of the arts – меценат,
покровитель искусств
a cathedral [kqTi:drql] – (кафедральный) собор
Do you ever feel critical about any sculpture or painting?
Is it easy to understand a piece of art? What must you do to
develop your tastes and interests?
Do you enjoy visiting art museums? Which of them do you find
especially attractive and why? Is it because they look like great
cathedrals?
Do you agree that they create an atmosphere of contact with
education (образование)?
What is the role of the national patrons of the arts ( Tretyakov,
Mamontov, Morosov) in the development of cultural traditions
in Russia?
34a. On your own.
Write a short paragraph about your recent visit to the art gallery.
Read it out in class.
1. Are you an outgoing person? When did you last attend an art
gallery?
2. Whose art collection did the museum exhibit?
3. What school of painting does this artist represent?
4. How many pieces of art were on view?
5. Do you remember whether the times of opening were convenient
for you?
6. When did you arrive at the display and when did you leave?
7. How much fee did you have to pay at the entrance?
8. Can you say that the show spanned the artist’s career?
9. Why did you enjoy yourself at the exhibition? Did it give you
a feeling of beauty and happiness?
354
REAL_LIFE COMMUNICATION
Section III
Set 1
Share your impressions
Поделитесь впечатлениями
35. Read a small conversation between an optimist and a pessimist. Answer the questions below.
Remember!
not to think much of sth/sb –
быть невысокого мнения о чём*н./ком*н.
Note!
meaningless – бессмысленный
rubbish/nonsense – ерунда, чепуха, вздор
old*fashioned – старомодный
Pessimist:
Optimist:
Pessimist:
Optimist:
Pessimist:
Optimist:
Pessimist:
Optimist:
Oh, I didn’t think much of it.
It’s the real thing. I thought it was lovely.
It was rubbish. Absolute nonsense.
I cried and cried. I couldn’t help it.
It was meaningless and boring.
But listen. Why didn’t you like it?
I’m afraid I must be very old*fashioned, but I like it
when things have a beginning, a middle and an end.
I don’t think...
Questions.
1. What are the two art lovers discussing?
2. Could it be a painting? / an opera? / a drama? / a book? /
a film? Why?
3. How did the optimist feel about it? What phrases did he use?
4. What expressions did the pessimist use?
5. Did he think highly of the plot (сюжет)?
6. What did he criticize it for? Is that a serious argument?
Give your reasons.
36. Look at these verbs and their transformations.
355
Verb
How a person feels
An opinion of/about
a person or thing
to amuse
развлекать
I was amused.
(было забавно)
The film was amusing.
(смешной). We couldn’t
stop laughing.
to fascinate
The viewers were
завораживать fascinated.
(очарованы)
The plot was fascinating.
[fxsI,neItIN]
(захватывающий)
to excite
возбуждать
Her acting was exciting.
(интересная)
She was very much
excited.
(взволнована)
a) Form ing and ed adjectives from the verbs below and
suggest their Russian equivalents.
to surprise – удивлять
to worry – волновать
to frighten – пугать
to bore – надоедать
b) Pairwork. React to your partner’s impressions by using ing
adjectives. Don’t repeat his words.
Example:
– I was tired of going round art galleries.
– So was I. I thought it was very tiring.
1. I was shocked by the accident in the street. And you?
2. I was surprised to learn that the painter was Dutch.
3. I was really interested to hear the novelist’s views on the
problem.
4. I was bored to death by their trivial conversation.
5. We were fascinated by Chinese art.
6. I was greatly amused to hear that story.
c) On your own.
How do you feel about your recent visit to the exhibition?
Share your impressions using the ideas of tasks 35,36.
37. Roleplay the game on p. 327.
356
Set 2
Business letters
Деловые письма
A LETTER OF THANKS
ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ
38. Read the following letter, translate it into Russian and and
pick out standard phrases used to express gratitude.
Note!
on behalf of sb – от имени
mutually [mjVtSqlI] beneficial [, benIfISql] –
взаимовыгодный
Mr. George J. Trefil
Executive Vice President,
Citibank, N. A.
399 Park Avenue
New York, N.Y. 1003
Dear Mr. Trefil,
I would like to thank you on behalf of my colleagues and myself
for the stimulating meeting you chaired with Mr. Smith in
Moscow on May 10*11, 20...
We find the presentation made by the members of the Citybank
team at the meeting quite interesting and educational.
We consider the meeting to be a part of the overall development of our mutually beneficial business relationship.
Sincerely Yours,
S. B. Makarov
General manager
39. Using the standard phrases of gratitude write a private letter to your correspondent and thank him for the warm reception he
gave you at his party.
Дорогой Ричард!
Посылаю Вам это письмо, чтобы поблагодарить Вас за приятно проведённый (enjoyable) субботний вечер в Вашем
доме.
357
Я чувствовал себя желанным (welcome) гостем в Вашем
обществе (company), познакомился со многими интересными людьми.
Я благодарен Вам за Ваше гостеприимство и надеюсь, что в
ближайшем будущем я воспользуюсь случаем, чтобы пригласить Вас к себе.
С наилучшими пожеланиями,
Подпись
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 13
1. Open the brackets and use the correct verb form.
Tom Smith was a writer. He _______ (to write) detective stories
for magazines. One evening he ___________ (to be not able) to
invent an end for a story. He _______ (to sit) with his typewriter
in front of him, but he _______ (to have ) no ideas. Then he
_______ (to go) to the cinema. When he _______ (to leave), a burglar _______ (to break) into his flat and _______(to read) his
story. The visitor _______(to leave) Tom a note: “I have read your
story and I ___________ (not to think) much of it. I __________
(not to go) to steal anything tonight, but I will return, when you
become a successful writer.”
Tom _______ (to study) the burglar’s suggestions and _______
(to write) the rest of the story. He _____ (to be) still not a successful writer, and he _______ (wait) for his burglar to return. Before
he _________ (go out) in the evening, he always _______ (to
leave) a half*finished story near his typewriter.
2. Insert modal verbs “can”, “have to” or their equivalents.
1. Mary was late and they _______ wait for her.
2. ______ you walk or did they have to carry you?
358
3. Simon was a brilliant student. His parents ____________
worry about his marks. (negative)
4. When I was a child I __________ understand adults, and now
that I am an adult I __________ understand children.
(negative, negative)
5. The swimmer was very tired but he ________ reach the shore.
6. I had no key so I __________ lock the door. (negative)
7. – Did you attend the lecture yesterday?
– No, I didn’t. I ________ take part in the conference.
3. Put questions to which the underlined words are the answers.
1. They are showing a football match on TV tonight.
____________________________________________________
2. Steve had to leave at 8 p.m.
____________________________________________________
3. He has his English classes once a week.
____________________________________________________
4. Charles left his village to enter University.
____________________________________________________
4. Fill in the blanks with the reflexive pronouns if necessary.
1. That lonely lady often talks to __________.
2. Fred, be careful! Don’t hurt __________ with the hammer.
3. When did you feel _________ happy?
4. We don’t know who that man was. He didn’t introduce
__________.
5. Relax __________ when you dance.
6. The car started to move all by __________.
5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Вы знаете, что они родились в один день и поступили в один
институт?
2. Я, бывало, подвозил её до дома после занятий.
3. Мой друг был высокого мнения о фильме, я же счёл его
утомительным.
359
4. В своём творчестве Рейнальдс следовал своим кумирам –
художникам Возрождения.
5. Музей представил замечательную коллекцию картин, и мы
её посетили.
6. Гвоздь сегодняшней телепрограммы – это интервью
с президентом страны.
7. “Чему посвятил свою жизнь этот разносторонний человек?”
“Путешествиям”.
8. Спросите у них, нет ли толпы возле входа в музей.
360
Word List (Unit 13)
A
ago
attend
attract
B
be born
biographer
C
career
century
cover an event
create
crowd
D
decide
die
discover
drawing
E
emotion
enjoy oneself
enter university
event
exhibit
exhibition
F
finger
follower
from my viewpoint
G
give sb a lift
H
handkerchief
hide
historic
human
house
I
in detail
introduce
invent
M
mass media
N
nervous
O
on the other hand
outstanding
R
remarkable
reply
represent
retrospective
root
S
series
shape
space
suddenly
T
take part in
take a step backwards
think highly of
train as /under
V
viewer
vision
P
painter
panorama
particular
portrait
print
public
361
UNIT 14
TOO MUCH TRAFFIC
Слишком интенсивное движение
AGENDA
* Past Continuous.
Present Participle
after verbs of sensation.
Modal verbs “must”,
“need”.
Sequence of tenses.
(See Grammar
Supplement, p. 571)
* A road accident.
* Asking for directions.
London. Tower Bridge
Study unit 14 and roleplay.
A Speed Limit Sign
You’re working in a host country – the USA. A police officer
stopped you and another car for driving too fast. Describe what
happened, adding background details where necessary.
You
Выразите сожаление по
поводу причинённого ущерба.
Но вашей вины в этом нет.
(It’s not my fault.)
Водитель машины,
идущей перед вами, вынужден
был резко затормозить,
чтобы не сбить ребёнка.
362
Police officer
Скажите водителю,
что обе машины шли
с превышением скорости.
(to speed) В этом районе
знак ограничения
скорости предписывает
её снижение до 20 миль
в час.
Признайтесь, что не обратили
внимание на новый знак.
Ограничение скорости на этих
улицах обычно составляет
30 миль в час.
На ваш взгляд, водители
должны не только ехать
медленно, но и соблюдать
дистанцию.
Сообщите пострадавшему
своё имя и место работы
и обменяйтесь
страховыми карточками.
Попрощайтесь.
Section I
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Set 1
Объясните, что этот
знак появился здесь
месяц тому назад, когда
начала работать
начальная школа.
Предложите обоим
водителям заполнить их
карты ДТП (an accidental
card) и обратиться в свою
страховую компанию
для выяснения
обстоятельств дела.
MIND HOW YOU GO
БУДЬТЕ ВНИМАТЕЛЬНЫ ПРИ ЕЗДЕ
Problems with officials
Проблемы с чиновниками
1. You are going abroad. Ask your colleague what you must or needn’t do
before the trip.
Use the list of words and the model
below.
Example:
– Must I book a ticket long before
the trip?
– Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t
(need not).
Big Ben at dusk
363
1. book a ticket
2. get the passport ready
3. apply [qplaI] for a visa
4. reserve a hotel room
5. change some money
6. get Traveller’s cheques
7. learn the language
8. read about the country’s
traditions
2. Talk to your British friend about laws at London University,
like this.
Remember!
patient [peISqnt]– терпеливый
an ID card = an identity card
Example:
– Do you have to carry an ID card all the time?
– Yes, we must.
– Do you have to wear ties and jackets?
– No, we needn’t.
wear uniforms
do military service
arrive for classes on time
stand up to greet a teacher
show an ID card in the library
do homework every day
pay when you visit the doctor
have a notebook for every subject
agree with the teacher all the time
be patient and energetic
3. Some hotels have a lot of rules.
a) What sort of information does a hotel receptionist give the
guests?
Remember!
to pay ( in ) cash – платить наличными
Note!
an electric appliance [qplaIqns] – электроприбор
to vacate a room – освободить комнату
Receptionist:
You have to...
sign the register / close the windows before you leave / lock
your room at night / turn off the TV set before you leave / pay cash
364
for drinks / put your documents in the hotel safe / vacate your
room before 9.30 in the morning.
b) Now complete some notices that express prohibition
(запрет).
Notices:
– smoke in bed
– arrive back late
– make any noise after 11.00
Guests must not...
– have visitors in the bedroom
– use any electric appliances in
their room (except shavers)
4. Where can you see these signs and notices in Great Britain?
a) Match each of the signs with one of the places below.
Remember!
to queue [kju:] – становиться в очередь
Example:
1. Do not Cross the Line.
2. Fasten Seat Belts?
3. Push / Pull?
4. Queue This Side?
5. Beware of the Dog?
i
6. No Smoking on Lower Deck?
7. Please Stand on the Right?
8. Do not Lean Out of the Window?
9. Fare
Extras?
002.57
a) at a bus stop
b) in a taxi
c) on a gate
Number 1 goes with «i».
d) on a door
e) in a train
f) on a plane
00.90
g) in an omnibus
h) on an escalator
i) at a railway station
b) Complete the instructions with must / mustn’t.
Example:
1. Passengers must not cross the line at a rail;
way station.
5. You are driving a car in Great Britain. Look at these road signs
and make up a few regulations for drivers.
Remember!
speed – скорость
dangerous – опасный
365
Example:
1.
70 Sign number 1 shows / means the speed limit.
When a driver sees this sign, he must not go at
more than 70 miles per hour.
2.
...travellers are at a place where two roads
cross. Cars ___ make way for other transport.
3.
...there is a bend in the road. Travellers ____
drive slowly and carefully.
4.
...there’s another road coming in from the
right. Cars ____ ___ move fast.
5.
...there’s a hill in front of you. You ____ slow
your car down.
6.
at
...the road gets narrow. Drivers ____ ___ go
a high speed.
7.
...a gate. It’s a dangerous place because the
railway and the road cross at the same level.
Drivers ____ be especially careful.
8.
...perhaps children are going to school or
leaving school. Drivers ____ let them pass.
9.
P
...parking. You may leave your car there.
If a driver sees the sign “No parking”,
he knows that he ____ ___ leave his car at that
place.
6. On your own.
Put down 6 signs or notices for English–speaking visitors to
Russia for the following places:
Pay cash / a shop.
Walk on the grass / a park.
Smoke / a theatre.
Take photos / a museum.
366
Feed the animals / a zoo.
Drop litter / a popular beach.
Eat sandwiches / a classroom.
7. What can one expect in these situations with officials ?
Read two dialogues and match five sentences in the right column with A or B.
1. You mustn’t sit in here,
in the first class carriage.
2. Yes, sir, but we are not
on the German autobahn now.
3. Good afternoon, can I
have your tickets, please?
4. No, you mustn’t. Keep
both hands on the wheel when
you’re driving.
5. You either have to go
back to the second class carriage and stand, or pay for a first class
ticket.
Remember!
a wheel – руль
a driving license [laIsqns] – водительские права
I haven’t got any idea [aIdIq] – я не знаю
Note!
outrageous [aVtreIGqs] – возмутительно
On the Motorway
A: Good morning, sir.
On the Train
A: _______________________?
B: Good morning, officer.
A: Your speed was 180, sir!
B: I haven’t got any idea that
this car can go that fast!
Aren’t these German cars
B: Here you are.
A: Excuse me, but this is
a second class ticket.
B: I know.
A: _______________________ .
high;speed?
A: _____________________ .
We are on a British motor;
way. You mustn’t drive at
a speed over 110 mph in this
country.
B: But there weren’t
any seats in the second;class
carriage.
A: I’m sorry Madam. ________
_________________________ .
B: Oh, that’s outrageous!
367
B: May I use my car telephone? A: I’m sorry, but I don’t
A: _____________________.
make the rules.
Can I see your license, sir?
Listening.
b)
Listen to the conversations and check your guesses.
c) Answer the following groups of questions about each of the
situations.
1. Does the driver agree
1. What type of a ticket
he was speeding?
has the passenger got?
2. What does he say about
2. Why is the lady travelling
his car?
in the first class carriage?
3. What two rules is the police 3. What does the ticket inspector
officer speaking about?
tell the traveller to do
according to the rules?
4. Why mustn’t drivers use
4. Does the incident show that
car telephones?
the British are real order
keepers?
d) Dramatize these dialogues with a partner. Take turns to be A
and B. Report the conversations.
8. Roleplay.
You’re working in London and you have to travel with a group of
Russian sociologists for the weekend to Edinburgh [edInbqrq].
Talk to your partner who plays the travel agent.
В туристическом агентстве
You
Скажите в кассе, что
вам нужно 4 билета на
пятницу на междугородный
автобус (coach) до Эдинбурга.
368
Travel agent
Объясните, что ближай;
шие выходные – это попу;
лярные праздники и все
билеты уже раскуплены
(fully booked).
Выразите сожаление.
Узнайте, нужно ли
заказывать заранее
железнодорожные билеты.
Ответьте, что нe обязательно
делать заказ немедленно
(right away), но этим
скоро следует заняться.
Поделитесь своими планами. Узнайте, в какое время
В пятницу вы должны
пассажиры хотят выезжать
оставаться в офисе до обеда, и когда они должны
но в понедельник утром вы
вернуться в Лондон.
свободны. Таким образом,
вам нет необходимости
возвращаться в воскресенье
Cообщите заказчикам, что
вечером.
в будние дни поезда
отправляются в 15:00 и
в 22:00. Время следования –
5 часов. В понедельник,
согласно расписанию, прибы;
тие поезда из Эдинбурга в 9:00.
Поблагодарите сотрудника
агентства за любезность.
Узнайте, нужно ли вам
Ответьте заказчику, что следует
звонить ещё раз.
подтвердить* дату и время.
Set 2
Did you see it happening?
Вы видели, как это происходило?
9. Dramatize the dialogue. Roleplay similar conversations with
the prompts below.
A. I saw you yesterday, but you didn’t see me.
B. Really? When?
A. At about 2.30. You were getting out of a police car in
Old Street.
B. That wasn’t me. Yesterday at 2.30 I was doing
something else.
A. What were you doing?
* Подтвердить – to confirm.
369
B. I was booking plane tickets.
ride your bicycle / paint
a portrait
cross the street / work at my
report
hit another motorcycle /
enter a flower shop
jog through the park / give
my friend a lift
walk into the post office / read
for the exam
drive on the pavement / make
a hotel reservation
pay your bus fare / make
notes at the lecture
phone about an accident / show
my guest around the city
10. Last night at 9 o’clock there was a blackout (отключение
электричества) in your neighbourhood. What were you doing,
when the lights went out?
11. Ask your partner about the details of the incident.
Example:
A. How did John break his arm?
B. He broke it while he was playing tennis.
1. How did the man lose his wallet? (play volley;ball with his son)
2. How did the patient cut himself? (shave)
3. How did Alan get a black eye? (argue with his neighbour)
4. How did Stella hurt herself? (prepare dinner)
5. How did your parents get a flat tyre? (drive over a bridge)
6. How did Mr. Roberts break his leg? (ski down a mountain)
7. How did Mr. Unlucky drop his packages? (walk out of the
supermarket)
12. Pairwork.
Ask your partner what he was doing when something happened. Use the following phrases for questions.
Example: What were you doing when you fell off the ladder?
fall off the bicycle?
hear some noise?
cut your finger?
get a flat tyre?
370
hurt / burn yourself?
feel a terrible pain?
drop your purchases?
suddenly get a headache?
13. Everybody has a bad day once in a while. Try to remember what
you were doing on such a day. Share your sad story with the other
students in your class.
Example:
I was riding my bicycle when I fell off. I broke
my arm in three places. It was in plaster for
weeks. I was lucky I didn’t need an operation.
14. Think of some sentences using the following substitution
table. Make your sentences interrogative (вопросительный) and
negative (отрицательный). Translate them.
I
saw
him
Larry
heard
them
She
watched
the driver
We
noticed
the car
crossing the road.
losing control of the car.
turning left / right.
hitting another car.
blocking the road.
getting out of the car.
bleeding.
reporting the emergency.
15. Read the following text.
Find sentences with the verbs of sensation followed by present
participle. Translate these sentences into Russian.
Remember!
to skid – буксовать
to crash into sth – столкнуться
blood [blAd] – кровь
to groan – стонать
to stamp on the brakes – нажать на тормоза
unconscious [AnkPnSqs] – в обмороке
to take care of sb – заботиться о ком;л.
ambulance [xmbjVlqns] машина скорой помощи
injury [InGqrI] – телесное повреждение
to get over sth – прийти в себя от чего;л.
an effect [Ifekt] – воздействие, результат
371
Cultural Note
Double yellow lines are two yellow lines painted on the side of
a road next to the pavement to show that cars cannot be parked
there.
A Road Accident
It was raining heavily while I was walking towards the station
at 7 o’clock on a Saturday morning. At this early hour there was
not much traffic and there weren’t many people in sight. Just as I
was looking left and right to cross the road, I saw a car coming
round the corner, which was moving very fast. Then I noticed a
dog running across the street. The driver stamped on the brakes
and I watched the man losing control of his car. Suddenly it skidded on the wet road, hit a lamp post on a double yellow line and
turned over.
At once I rushed to the car to assist the driver, but he was
unconscious and there was a lot of blood on his face. A young
woman hurried into the station to phone for an ambulance while I
took care of the driver. A policeman arrived a few minutes later
and asked me a lot of questions about the accident. I heard the man
groaning quietly when the medical men were taking him into the
ambulance.
On Monday morning I went to the hospital to enquire about
the man. They told me that his injuries were not serious after all
and that he was getting over the effects of the accident.
a) Questions.
1. Was the witness walking towards the station at midday? Ask
“What time?” What was the weather like at that early hour?
2. When did he see a car coming round the corner? Was it moving
slowly? Ask “How?”
3. Why did the driver stamp on the brakes? Did he notice a cat
running across the street? Ask “What?”
4. Did the car skid and turn over? Ask “Why?”
5. Did the man rush to the car? Ask “What for?”
6. Did the witness use his mobile telephone to phone for
an ambulance? Ask “Who?” and “How?”
7. What did he hear when the medical men were taking the driver
to hospital?
8. What did the witness find out about the injured man on Monday
morning?
372
b) On your own.
How many cars were involved in the accident?
What do you think caused the accident?
Were there many people injured?
Did the police ask the driver to take a breath;test?
16. Make up situations based on the words and word combinations below.
Note!
damage – материальный ущерб
1
2
At about …o’clock
was riding my motorcycle
failed to stop at the juncture
What happened next was that…
hit me on the left side
I fell off and …
You can guess how I felt.
It took me … to get over…
was travelling to work
While … turning right,
saw a pedestrian stepping out
turned left to avoid him
didn’t see the other driver
There was damage to both
the cars
Set 3
Reporting emergencies
Сообщения о чрезвычайных ситуациях
Listening.
17.
Some time ago a British businessman had a bad car accident.
Now the police are trying to find out the cause.
a) Listen to the investigation of the case (расследование
дела) and set these statements in order according to which the
events followed one another.
Remember!
to go / drive off – отъезжать
towards [tLdz] – по направлению к
to check – проверить
an insurance [InSVqrqns] – страховка
373
Note!
to build up – накапливаться, собираться
to swing round – развернуться
to go over the road – съехать на обочину
1. I braked very hard and hit the car on the side.
2. I think they were quite young.
3. The other two cars came back and then went off very fast
towards London.
4. There were skid marks on the other side of the car as well.
5. They were doing at least 80 mph. I was doing about 60 mph.
6. The last car suddenly skidded and went all over the road.
b) Listen to the recording again for more detailed information.
How does the British businessman explain skid marks on one
side of the car?
What facts does he list about the other two cars? Does the
officer understand why they returned and went off? Why do you
think so?
What can the man remember about the car numbers?
What sort of information does he give about travellers in each
car?
Why does the policeman ask the businessman to stay in London
for some time? Does he think him guilty [gIltI]
(виновный)?
The police needed to check the description of them with the
other witnesses. Does this statement say anything to you?
Does the investigation uncover the cause of the accident?
Which details point to the guilty party?
c) Draw the scheme of the accident.
d) Can you describe how it was all happening? Suggest your
story.
18. In emergencies, the British call police, fire or ambulance on
999 and ask for urgent assistance.
a) Imagine one of you is calling for an ambulance. The other
student is acting as operator in the Ambulance Service.
374
Operator:
You:
Operator:
You:
Operator:
You:
Operator:
You:
Emergency Service.
(Describe what was happening and ask for
an ambulance.)
Where was the accident?
(State the location.)
You say there’s one person injured. How badly
hurt is he?
(Explain the seriousness of his condition.)
You must call the police now. The ambulance
will be there in about 5 minutes. Try to keep
him warm until they arrive.
(Express gratitude.)
b) What did the operator tell you to do?
Example:
He said, “Describe the details of the accident.”
He told me to describe the details of the accident.
Describe the damage.
State the location.
Give the car number.
Stay in London another day or two.
Leave your address and insurance.
Do not worry.
19. Yesterday you were at the police department and reported
a missing student. What did the policeman ask you about?
Example:
What is your name?
He asked me what my name was.
MISSING PERSON’S INFORMATION SHEET
1. What is the missing
person’s name / address?
2. How old /tall is he / she?
3. How much does he / she
weigh?
4. What is your relationship
to the missing person?
5. Where do his / her parents
work?
6. Does this person have any
scars (шрамы), birthmarks, or
other special characteristics?
7. What is your telephone
number?
8. When can we reach you at that
number?
375
20. Pairwork.
a) Ask your friend:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
if he / she often has to get to classes in the rush hour;
if he/ she travelled on the Underground yesterday;
how long the journey took;
if he/ she went by bus or walked to the Underground;
how long he/ she has to travel above ground;
what rules he/ she must observe to cross the street;
if he/ she had to take a taxi last week because
; he/ she woke up late;
; he/ she was short of time and couldn’t wait for the bus;
; buses didn’t run regularly.
what road signs he/ she could see on his/her way to the
university;
if he/ she took notice of the drivers that acted against the
rules;
when it is safe to overtake (обгонять) another car;
if he/ she has got an automobile;
when he/ she had to be especially careful while driving his
car.
b) What did your friend tell you about his journey to the university? Write a short paragraph and read it out in class.
376
Section II
Set 1
READING
FOR DETAIL
THE BEST POLICY
ЛУЧШАЯ ПОЛИТИКА
English people’s driving habits
Культура вождения в Великобритании
21. Read the following words and word combinations and
remember how to use them.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
population [, pPpjVleISqn] n. население: What was the population
of Asia in 1900?
dense [dens] adj. плотный, густой: The population of this area is
dense.
main road [meInrqVd] n. главная дорога, магистраль: Those main
roads lead into London.
goods [gu:dz] adj., n. промышленные товары: There are a lot of
goods in the shops.
reason [ri:zqn] n. причина: I don’t see the reason for his departure. The reason why she didn’t get the job was that her English
was not very good. reasonable adj. благоразумный, умеренный,
доступный (о цене)
privacy [prIvqsI] n. уединение: There isn’t much privacy in these
flats because of thin walls.
both... and... conj. ...и...и...: He is both tired and hungry.
a pedestrian [pqdestrIqn] n. прохожий: Pedestrians can cross the
road in special places.
continual [kqntInjVql] adj. постоянный беспрерывный: There was
a continual debate in Parliament on taxes.
It’s a matter [m x tq] of (time / great importance) n. вопрос
времени / дело огромной важности: What’s the matter? Why
are you crying?
to reduce [rIdju:s] v. уменьшать, сокращать: He must reduce the
rent of our house.
to reduce road traffic – уменьшить интенсивность дорожного
движения
per cent [pqsent] n. процент: The company can only provide 30 per
cent (=30%) of what we need.
in the rush hour [rASaVq] n. в часы пик: I try to get to work before
the rush hour.
377
a trend [trend] n. направление, тенденция: There’s a new trend in
market economy.
to develop [dIvelqp] v. разрабатывать, развиваться: They are
developing into a big multinational company.
WORD BUILDING
22. We can form new parts of speech with the help of suffixes
and prefixes which change the meaning of English words.
Example:
emotion (эмоция) – emotional (эмоциональный) –
emotionally (эмоционально) – to emotionalize (придавать
эмоциональность)
Remember:
noun – существительное
adjective – прилагательное
verb – глагол
a) The suffixes (i)ty and ness change adjectives into abstract
nouns. Read these words and translate them into Russian.
Xty
safe – safety
certain – certainty
mobile – mo`bility
popular – popu`larity
regular – regu`larity
Xness
kind –
sad –
loud –
quick –
e`xact –
b) Use the suffixes ment and tion to form abstract nouns
from verbs. Give the Russian for these words.
Xtion
to invent – invention
to reduce – reduction
to select – selection
to populate – ,population
378
Xment
to move –
to enjoy –
to replace –
to arrange –
23. Read these international words and think of their Russian
equivalents.
Industry, technology, debate, mobile, mobility, passion, private, strategy, selective, selectively, en,thusiastic.
24. Study the information below and answer the following question.
What must Londoners do to reduce traffic?
Text A
Road Traffic Reduction
“Too much traffic” tops the list of problems for those people
who live and work in London. It’s a well;known fact that the population of Great Britain is dense and main roads serve for the transportation of most goods. As the British want to move around easily, they do not like living near big roads or railways.
About three quarters of families in Britain have regular use of
a car and about a quarter have two or three cars. The reason why
the British are so enthusiastic about mobility, is their national
passion for privacy. Driving a car for a British is like taking his
“castle” with him*. Perhaps this is why British drivers are patient
with both other drivers and pedestrians.
Transport policy is a matter of continual debate in Parliament.
The only way to solve the problem is to reduce road traffic. Traffic
reduction is popular with the 85 per cent of people who travel in
the rush hour into Central London by tube, bus or bike, and nearly
40 per cent of families who don’t own a car.
Although it isn’t
easy to change the trends
of the past 50 years, the
London Planning Advisory Committee (LPAC)
is developing a reliable
strategy for road traffic
reduction. It is not anti
car, but people must learn
to use cars selectively.
Rush hour on a British motorway
* like taking his “castle” with him – всё равно что взять с собой свою крепость
379
25. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases and use
them in discussing the text.
Занимать первое место в списке; служить для транспортировки товаров; хотят передвигаться свободно; проявлять энтузиазм; страсть к уединению, относятся терпеливо и к..., и к...;
разработать надёжную стратегию; предмет непрерывных споров; политика; уменьшение интенсивности движения.
c) List English terms relating to transport. Give their Russian
equivalents.
d) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right.
What letter does number 1 go with?
1. a schedule
a) either of the two periods in the day when
people are travelling to and from work in the
crowded streets.
2. regular
b) careful in choosing.
3. to serve
c) to go, to run.
4. a rush hour
d) a person travelling on foot in a street or
other place used by cars.
5. selective
e) which happens at the same time each day.
6. privacy
f) a system of carrying passengers or goods
from one place to another.
7. a pedestrian
g) a particular policy, course, or plan of action.
8. transportation h) the state of being away from other people
so
that they cannot see or hear what one is
doing.
9. a trend
i) a formal list, a time;table for trains, buses.
10. a strategy
j) a general direction in the way the situation is
changing.
11. to move
k) to provide with sth useful.
380
e) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and
phrases from the text.
1. John is very careful in choosing clothes, especially when he
buys his suits.
2. He’d like to discuss in detail this idea before he goes on to the
next point.
3. There are several important subjects that they have to talk
about.
4. The British are very much interested in watching video.
5. The shop has articles for sale from various countries.
6. His policy of playing the game was sudden attack.
7. Discussions between the brothers can go on for hours.
f) Study the expressions with the word “matter”. Match the left
side column with the right one to produce new sentences.
Road traffic reduction
The transportation of products
The new law
Developing businesses
is a matter of
His trip to Japan
Making friends
Regular payments
The President’s speech
Her privacy
A visit to San Francisco
great importance.
course.
money.
national importance.
little importance.
time.
life and death.
fact.
principle.
taste.
g) Look through the text a second time and say:
1) Why don’t Londoners like to live near big roads? 2) How
many cars does a British family use regularly? 3) Why are the
British enthusiastic about mobility? 4) What is special about
English people’s driving habits? 5) What is the subject matter of
continual debate in Parliament? 6) What kinds of travellers is
traffic reduction popular with? 7) What policy is the LPAC developing?
381
h) Give a presentation on the transport problems in the UK.
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on public transport problems in Russia...
i) Discuss the following points.
1. Do you think the situation is the same as in London? Why? /
Why not?
2. Is there a reliable transport system in Moscow?
3. Do you often get stuck in a traffic jam?
4. Authorities need to think more about people’s health, don’t
they?
5. What must the city mayor do about the traffic problem on the
roads? Choose the best answer:
ban (изгнать) cars from the city centre;
charge drivers a fee (брать плату) for driving in the centre;
improve public transport in the capital;
stop building motorways and spend the money on railways.
26. Translate the following text from Russian into English in writing. Use the words given below.
Westminster
Abbey
382
Bank of England
and New
Stock Exhange
St. Paul’s Cathedral
Путешествие в наши дни
Для бизнесмена деловая поездка – дело огромной важности.
Когда ему приходится делать выбор между трёхчасовым
путешествием на поезде и полётом на самолёте, длящемся
всего час, он выбирает поезд.
Если подсчитать время в полёте, регистрацию на самолёт,
поездку в аэропорт и обратно, то не получается никакой
разницы.
Согласитесь, что в случае плохой погоды пассажиры,
следующие по железной дороге, имеют шанс прибыть в
назначенное место первыми.
Во многих странах Европы вошли в эксплуатацию
высокоскоростные поезда на маршрутах Париж – Леон,
Флоренция – Рим, Мадрид – Севилья, Гамбург – Мюнхен.
Новые железные дороги не только сокращают в несколько
раз время в пути. Они предлагают пассажирам бизнес класса
все условия для работы, включая телефон, факс, терминал ПК,
копировальную машину и др.
(To calculate, check;in, to arrive at one’s destination, a
high;speed train, Europe [jVqrqp], to start operating, a route [rHt],
to reduce a journey, a business user, facilities, including, a PC
terminal, Seville [sevIl], Hamburg [hxmbE:g], Munich [mjHnIk]).
Set 2 QUICK READING
AND DISCUSSION
SAFETY TO PEDESTRIANS
БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ДЛЯ ПЕШЕХОДОВ
27. Read the interview from the “USA today” and say:
How many innovations does the article focus on? What are
they?
Study the following words and word combinations.
at dusk – в сумерках
to install – устанавливать что;л.
powerful [paVq,fVl] – мощный
system – система
lights – сигнальные огни
to remind sb to do sth – напоминать
кому;л. сделать что;л.
to produce – производить
to lag behind sb – отставать
a device – устройство
visible – видимый
383
to keep sb on someone’s toes – держать кого;л. начеку
microwave [maIkrqVweIv] – микроволновый
to illuminate sth [IlHmI,neIt] – освещать что;л.
Text B
C =
H =
W =
C
W
H
W
C
H
W
C
W
384
“USA today” correspondent
Michael Harrison (President of LightGuard)
Clark Williams (analyst with the Department of
Transportation)
In 1994 a friend of mine killed a pedestrian at dusk. My
friend was depressed. I think there have to be better ways to
protect people from accidents than two lines painted in the
street.
Well, yes. In fact, lots of American cities are computerizing
their dangerous crossings. Some are installing powerful
in;ground lighting systems. When a pedestrian steps into
the street, the lights illuminate the walkway and are visible
to drivers more than 300 yards away.
Two companies, LightGuard and Traffic Safety
Corporation, produce the lights. Drivers don’t get false
alarms … I mean electronic sensors operate only when
a pedestrian is on the road. You feel safe because the system
keeps drivers on their toes.
By the way, the lights are in place at 50 sites in 25 cities,
including Walt Disney World in Florida. Portland and New
York City plan to install the lights later this year.
That’s good news.
Besides, there are countdown signs that tell pedestrians
exactly how many seconds they have to cross the street. The
sign starts a digital countdown of 15 or 20 seconds after the
“Walk” signal comes on (появляться).
I’d like to mention another innovation – electronic eyes.
Electronic eyes?
Yes. What we are talking about is the device that sits atop
the “Walk” signal. When the “Walk” signal lights up,
C
H
C
a pair of electronic eyes looks left and right, reminding
pedestrians to look both ways for oncoming cars.
Uhm…it’s clear that engineers are going in the right
direction. And what devices are especially helpful for older
walkers?
That’s a microwave detector. You know, new studies show
that we typically walk 4 feet per second and the elderly walk
about 2.8 feet per second. If a pedestrian is lagging behind
others, the walk signal automatically adds about 5 seconds
to its cycle.
Thank you, very much.
28. Tasks.
a) Find the sentences in the text with the words and phrases
below. Translate them into Russian.
Was depressed, adds about 5 seconds to its cycle, there have to
be better ways, a walkway, don’t get false alarms, operate only
when, to feel safe, …starts a digital countdown, are going in the
right direction, helpful.
b) Complete the pretext task.
c) Suggest Russian equivalents for the names of the American
devices.
a lighting system – a countdown sign – electronic eyes – a microwave detector –
___________
___________
___________
___________
__________ _______________
__________ _______________
d) Scan the text and say:
how each of these things works;
what are its good points;
what companies produce the device;
what cities have it / are planning to install it.
e) Give a brief summary of the text. Say if any of the facts you’re
talking about is new to you.
f) Decide which of these headlines best reflects the main idea
of the text. Give your reasons.
385
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How to protect pedestrians from accidents.
Safety dilemma is solved.
American cities installing high;tech safety devices.
Computerized crossings.
Engineers are going in the right direction.
Section III
REALXLIFE COMMUNICATION
Set 1
Make sure you don’t get lost
Убедитесь, что не потеряетесь
29. Read, dramatize and report the following dialogues.
Remember!
at regular intervals – через равные промежутки времени
an arrival [qraIv l] – прибытие
a schedule [Sedju:l] – расписание
Catching the bus
Washington Square. New York City
Alexander: Pardon me! Do the buses stop here?
Passer–by: Yes. Most downtown buses stop at this corner.
Alexander: I want to go to Washington avenue. Can I take any
bus that stops here?
Passer–by: You can take any bus except number 12. The number
12 turns off at Richmond street.
386
Alexander: What are the usual intervals between the bus
arrivals?
Passer–by: About every fifteen minutes according to the
schedule that you can see over there.
Alexander: How often do the buses run?
Passer–by: In fact, the buses don’t always run at regular inter;
vals. Look! You don’t have to wait any longer. A bus
is coming. It’s a number 5, you can take it.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Questions.
Why shouldn’t Alexander catch bus number 12?
Do buses always run at regular intervals?
Why is Alexander lucky this time?
In what country is the action taking place?
Asking for and giving directions
1
Remember!
to change to – сделать пересадку (в другой поезд)
the next stop but one – через одну остановку
Good afternoon! Do you know how to get to
College?
Where are you starting from? Roosevelt avenue?
That’s correct.
Take train number seven. Get off at Times Square
and change to train number two. Get off at the next
stop but one.
Barbara:
Is Brooklyn far from there?
Passer–by: No, it’s within a 10–minute walk from there.
Barbara:
Thank you.
Passer–by: You are welcome!
Barbara:
Brooklyn
Passer–by:
Barbara:
Passer–by:
1.
2.
Questions.
What kind of transport is Barbara using? Where is she
going?
Why does she have to change at Times Squre? Is there a
through train to Brooklyn college?
387
3.
4.
Where must she get off?
Where is the action taking place? Give your reasons.
2
Remember!
Tom:
Policeman:
Tom:
Policeman:
Tom:
Policeman:
Tom:
Policeman:
1.
2.
3.
4.
to take the first turning on the left – свернуть
на первом повороте налево
Excuse me. I wonder if you could tell me the way to
Waterloo Station.
Walk down this road, take the second turning on the
left. Then walk until you come to the river and...
The river?
Yes. You can’t see it very clearly from here. When
you come to it, there’s a bridge. Just walk across it.
Follow the signs that say “To Waterloo Station”.
You can’t miss it.
And is it very far? I mean, how long does it take to
walk there?
About 15 minutes if you walk quickly.
I see. Thank you very much.
Not at all.
Questions.
What place is Tom looking for?
Can the policeman show him the river from there? Why
not? What phrase shows that Tom is confused?
Is the Waterloo Station within walking distance? What
signs does Tom have to follow?
Where do you think the action is taking place?
30. You were lost in a town.
a) Read some expressions. They are marked with stars, according to how polite they are.
* Hey, do you know where ... is?
** I wonder if you could tell me the way to ... ?
*** Good morning. Have you got any idea how to get to ... ?
**** Excuse me, but could you possibly tell me ... ?
388
b) What were Barbara’s / Tom’s exact words as they turned to
the residents for help? Mark their language according to the rules
of politeness.
с) Here is some of the language you may need to understand
when asking for directions.
Go down/along........./
straight ahead.
It’s on the left/right.
but
Take the first/second turning
on the left/right.
It’s quite a long way.
It takes you about ..........
to walk.
I’m not absolutely sure
I think it’s...
I’m afraid I’ve no idea.
Sorry, I’m a stranger here
myself.
31. Simulation.
You’re a stranger to a town. Build a conversation with a passerby
using the cues below.
Remember!
You:
Passer–by:
You:
Passer–by:
You:
Passer–by
You:
Passer;by:
You:
traffic lights – светофор
______________________the Central Hotel?
Pardon?
_______________________ a stranger here.
Yes. _________that road, _________ second
turning _____ right. Then ____ until
________traffic lights ...
Traffic lights?
Yes. _______not very clearly. When _______
first turning, ____ right, ______not miss it.
_________? How long _________walk there?
10 minutes ____________ quickly.
____________.
32. Look at the map.
389
You arrive at the bus station of a town you do not know. Your
partner acts as policeman. Ask him for the following places:
1. the City Museum
2. the Park Hotel
3. the Odeon
4. Lloyds Bank
5. Turner’s (supermarket)
6. St. Peter’s church
7. the “Peking” restaurant
8. Victoria Park
33. In the following situations act on your own.
You’re away on business in an unfamiliar town. You know the
address of the pub is 7b Union Street, but you have no idea how
to reach it. Ask a passer;by for directions. Use the map above.
You’re with a group of Russian sociologists for a conference in
London. Now it’s your turn to register at the hotel. You want
a room with a good view.
Today you’re planning to go sightseeing, but you are not sure
if
any bus can take you to Trafalgar Square from your hotel. Ask
the receptionist about it. Make sure you don’t lose your way!
A visitor wants advice on how to spend an evening in your
town.
34. Roleplay the game on p. 362.
390
Set 2
BUSINESS LETTERS
ДЕЛОВЫЕ ПИСЬМА
It is very important to learn how to write business letters in
English. Letters should be easy and natural. Good letters make
friends, develop business. Careless letters have the opposite
effect.
A business letter, as a rule, has seven parts:
1. The name and the address of your company.
2. Your correspondent’s address and name.
3. Greeting.
4. Opening.
5. Body of the letter.
6. Conclusion.
7. Signature.
A LETTER OF INQUIRY*
ПИСЬМО–ЗАПРОС
Inquiries are written to obtain information or to make a request.
Be precise and polite in explaining what you need in the opening.
35. Read and translate the letter below.
Note!
an executive – административный исполнитель
rate – тариф
RESERVATION REQUEST
РЕЗЕРВИРОВАНИЕ МЕСТА В ГОСТИНИЦЕ
CONDO CORPORATION
209 West Street
Kingston, Jamaica, W.I.
The Executive Inn
2 Main Street
Evansville, Illinois 60821
* “Inquiry” and “enquiry” [Inkw aIqrI] (запрос) are the same
391
September 29, 20____
Dear Sirs: (Dear Sir, or Dear Madam, if you don’t know the
name of a person)
Please reserve a double room with a bath for Ms. Linda Barry
for October 23–25. Ms. Barry, executive of the Condo
Corporation, is arriving at the hotel at 6 P.M. on October 23.
While in Evansville, Ms. Barry is to meet with some officials.
She would like to reserve the use of a small conference room
for the morning of October 24, from about 9 A.M. until noon.
Please let us know the rates for both Ms. Barry’s accommodations and the conference room, and confirm this reservation.
Truly yours,
Signature
36. What standard phrases do you use in letters of inquiry?
Read these expressions and give their Russian equivalents.
I am writing to inquire if ...
We are pleased to send you ...
May we ask you to / for ...
Could you possibly ...
37. Now translate a private letter to Prof. R. C. Chandler informing him of your arrival and asking him for a few favours.
Arrange your English letter in the proper way. Write your
address (but not your name) and the date in the righthand corner
of the letter.
Example:
Prof. R. C. Chandler
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan 48802
USA
10, Leningradsky Prospect
Moscow, Russia 104100
February ___, 20___
Уважаемый проф. Чандлер!
С удовольствием высылаем Вам все необходимые
материалы.
392
Мы прибываем в Детройт во вторник 14 марта с. г.
Обращаюсь к Вам с просьбой зарезервировать для нас
двухместный номер в гостинице Хилтон. Не могли бы Вы
также организовать небольшую поездку по городу и включить
в нашу культурную программу посещение Мюзик;холла?
Мы будем Вам признательны, если Вы закажете нам
обратный билет на пятницу, 17 число.
Искренне Ваш,
Подпись
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 14
1. Put the verbs in brackets into Simple Past, Past Continuous,
or present participle.
1. When I last ______ (to see) her ________ (to walk) toward the
station, I ______ (to ask) her where she ______ (to go). She
answered, “London”, but I don’t think she ________(to speak) the
truth because there ________ (not to be) any train for London at
that time.
2. The teacher ______ (to come) into the classroom unusually
early and one of the boys who ____________ (to smoke) a cigarette, ______ (to have) no time to put it out. So he ______ (to
throw) it into the desk. A little later the teacher ______ (to notice)
the smoke ______ (to rise) from the desk. “You ________ (to
smoke) when I ______ (to come in)?” he ______ (to ask).
3. As I ________ (to cross) the street I ________ (to step) on a
banana skin and _______ (to fall) heavily. I still ________ (to lie)
on the road when I ______ (to see) a lorry ______ (to approach).
Luckily the driver ________ (to see) me and ______ (to stop) the
lorry in time.
393
2. Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs from the box
below.
may, (don’t) have to, must(n’t), needn’t
1. Readers _________ return books on or before the date stamped
below.
2. You _________ wash the car. The paint is still wet.
3. “Must I buy a guide if I lose my way?” “No, you _________. You
_______ ask a policeman for directions.”
4. Candidates ______ bring textbooks into the examination room.
5. I’ve got all I need to lay the table, so I _________ go shopping.
6. When a tyre is punctured the driver ________ change the
wheel.
7. Two parallel white lines in the middle of the road mean that you
____ not overtake.
3. Choose the correct preposition: with / to / at / for / in / on.
1. I’m sorry ____ not listening to you.
2. Nancy is good ____ maths, but she is bad _____ languages.
3. Who is this TV programme popular ____?
4. Let’s meet ____ the entrance ____ the Supermarket. Are you
going to pay by cheque or ____ cash?
5. Do you know when he is arriving ____ the conference? He must
register ____ the hotel ____ the day of his arrival.
6. «Mr. Verhoot is leaving ____ Liverpool ____ business.» «When
is he arriving ____ Great Britain?» «____ Saturday evening».
7. Professor N. lectures ____ Italian art ____ Oxford University.
8. There is a monument ____ Admiral Nelson ____ Trafalgar
Square.
4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Посетитель поинтересовался, когда он должен подавать на
визу.
2. Мне не нравится езда по городу в часы пик, и Анне тоже.
3. Город планирует осваивать земли возле железнодорожной
станции.
4. Фред отказался ехать на велосипеде, потому что дул сильный
ветер.
394
5.
– Далеко отсюда до больницы?
– Буквально 5 минут ходьбы по другую сторону от этого
моста, но её отсюда не видно.
6. Машина шла со скоростью 40 миль в час, когда водитель
почувствовал, что она буксует.
7.
– Я приезжий и не знаю, как добраться до почты.
– Пересядьте на 38 автобус. Через две остановки вам
нужно выйти. Пройдите вперёд и сверните в первый
переулок направо.
– Благодарю вас, вы очень любезны.
Word List (Unit 14)
A
F
advise
far away (from)
agree
fight
ambulance
G
apply for a visa
at regular intervals get over
goods
B
I
blood
in
the rush hour
both...and...
industry
build up
injury
C
insurance
cash
L
Celtic
litter
check
crash (into)
M
main
road
D
matter of importance
debate
memorial
dense
mobility
develop
drive (off)
P
Parliament
E
patient
Edinburgh
pay in cash
effect
pedestrian
energetic
per cent
enthusiastic
population
privacy
Q
queue
R
reason
reduce traffic
register at a hotel
rent
reservation
S
schedule
selectively
stamp on the brakes
strategy
T
take care (of)
take a turning (on)
technology
towards
traffic
traffic lights
trend
V
view
395
UNIT 15
FIRST IMPRESSIONS
Первые впечатления
AGENDA
* Modal verb “should”.
Degrees of comparison of
adjectives/ adverbs.
The use of articles with place
nouns.
(See Grammar Supplement, p. 576)
* You’re in Hollywood now.
* Accepting and refusing
invitations.
New York. Statue of Liberty
Study unit 15 and roleplay.
At the reception
You’re working in a host country – Great Britain. At a reception shortly after your arrival you come in contact with an
American businessman.
Share your first impressions about London and compare
things.
You
После обмена приветствиями
спросите у своего собеседника,
как он находит жизнь в Лондоне.
Скажите, что, как и у других
городов, у Лондона своя
история. Примечательно, что,
396
Mr. Galleys
Отметьте, что лондонцы –
большие любители
традиций и стабильности.
Это и отличает Лондон от
других столиц мира.
в отличие от русских,
британцы гораздо сдержаннее.
По вашему мнению, самый
известный стереотип – это
Кремль и Красная площадь.
Отреагируйте. Поинтересуйтесь, где родился ваш
собеседник.
Выразите изумление. Вы
как раз планируете командировку в Калифорнию.
Известно, что это один из
штатов, наиболее привлекательных для туристов.
У вас будет мало свободного
времени. Поинтересуйтесь у
американского бизнесмена,
что вам следует посмотреть
в первую очередь.
Поблагодарите
попрощайтесь.
Tower of London
за
Признайтесь, что смотрите на
Москву как на одну из самых
интересных столиц мира. Какая
она – Москва?
Скажите, что вы считаете Россию символом перестройки,
сильных людей, богатых ресурсов. Вам очень хотелось бы
узнать oб этой стране побольше.
В Лос;Анжелесе.
Согласитесь, что ваш родной
город по праву гордится достопримечательностями. Добавьте,
что, как и Лондон, Л.А. славится своими культурными традициями.
Посоветуйте новому знакомому
посетить некоторые наиболее
популярные аттракционы Голливуда.
совет,
Пожелайте своему собеседнику
безопасного полета.
Los Angeles. Chinatown
Moscow.
St. Basil’s Cathedral
397
Section I
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Set 1
KNOW BEFORE YOU GO
ЭТО НУЖНО ЗНАТЬ ЗАРАНЕЕ
Give me some advice
Дайте мне совет
1. Read the following information and explain the meaning of
the proverb:
“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
1. In Japan you must take off your shoes when you go into
someone’s house.
2. In Saudi Arabia women must cover their heads in public.
3. In China you mustn’t kiss in public.
4. In Japan you mustn’t look people in the eye.
5. In Taiwan you must give a present with both hands.
6. In Britain you mustn’t point at people.
2. Imagine you’re taking a business trip abroad.
a) Speak to your colleague about it like this.
I’m leaving for Hungary soon. I need your advice before
the trip.
I think you should get a map of Buda and Pest.
1. Hungary /get a map of Buda and Pest.
2. Japan /learn to eat with chopsticks.
3. Wales /buy an EnglishWelsh dictionary.
4. Italy /take a special liking to pizza and lasagna.
5. Africa /have a special vaccination [,vxksIneIS(q)n].
6. America /think about renting a car, because petrol is cheap
there.
7. New Zealand /read about its national traditions.
b) Say what your partner advised you to do.
Example:
Hungary / Tom advised (told) me to get a map of Buda and
Pest before my trip to Hungary.
398
3. After Alexander arrived in the USA, he rented an apartment
there. Discuss which of these rules for tenants (жильцы) he should
observe.
Example:
behind the building;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Where should he park his car?
Park your car in your own space, behind the building.
Be quiet after 11 p.m.
Put litter in plastic bags.
Clean the hallway outside your door regularly.
Lock the door when you leave the building.
Do not let the children play in the hallway.
Do not hang laundry out the window to dry.
4. When in the USA, you’d like to stay at a hotel. Read, dramatize and report the following dialogue.
At the Hotel
Remember!
a reservation – заказ, бронь
with a view [vju:] of the sea –
с видом на море
Receptionist: Good evening. What can I
do for you?
Guest:
Good evening. You’ve got
a reservation in the name
of John Sembler.
Receptionist: Just a moment. Let me
check the reservation. Can
you spell the surname,
please?
Guest:
Sembler.
Receptionist: Right. How long for, sir?
For three nights.
The Plaza Hotel. New York Guest:
399
Receptionist:
Guest:
Receptionist:
Guest:
Receptionist:
Guest:
Receptionist:
Guest:
Receptionist:
Guest:
A single room or a double?
Single, please.
Would you like a room with a shower or a bath?
A shower. I prefer a room with a view of the
sea. How much is a night for the room?
90 for the room and breakfast. Would you like
an evening meal?
No, thanks, just breakfast.
Do you have any luggage?
Just this one bag.
Here’s your key. Your room number is 326.
I hope you enjoy your stay.
Thanks.
Questions
1. How long is Mr. Sembler going to stay in the hotel?
2. What kind of room would he like to live in? Must it be a special
hotel room?
3. When does he prefer to have meals?
5. Safety first.
The hotel manager tells visitors to the USA to observe their personal safety (безопасность).
Copy her pieces* of advice using either of the modal verbs
from the box below. Make up two lists of instructions expressing a)
obligation; b) mild obligation.
must (not)
should (not)
Remember!
to take care of sth / sb – позаботиться о чёмл. / комл.
Note!
valuables [vxljVqblz] – ценности, драгоценности
*
Слово “piece” может сочетаться с неисчисл. существительными для
обознач. множественного числа, например: advice – two pieces of advice;
news – several pieces of news; art – new pieces of art (новые произведения
искусства).
400
When in America,
– do not carry a lot of spending money or valuables with you;
– give cash to the manager to put it in the hotel safe;
– take care of your passport, plane tickets and other personal
documents;
– do not walk alone at night;
– never ride in a car with a stranger;
– look like you know where you are going;
– do not give any personal information on the phone to a person
you do not know;
– always cooperate with the police;
– finally, be careful, but don’t be afraid. Most Americans are very
friendly and are happy to help you.
6. Roleplay the following situation.
You receive a call from your work contact in New York who is
planning a business trip to Moscow in April. Talk to him on the
phone.
Prepare a few questions based on the following key words
beforehand.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
LENGTH OF FLIGHT
ACCOMMODATION [q,kPmqdeiS(q)n] – жильё
CULTURAL PROGRAMME
TOURS
SIGHTSEEING
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
THE WEATHER IN SPRING
CLOTHES
You may start like this.
Hello, Julia. It’s Martin Pike from New York.
Hello, Martin. How are you? It seems ages since we last spoke.
I’m fine, thanks. I’ d like to have a word with you about my trip.
Julia, I have no idea if I should learn a few Russian words before
I go.
401
Well, Martin, you should learn as many words as you can.
And I don’t think you should* worry about the flight.
Set 2
Similarities and differences
Сходства и различия
7. Culture Quiz. Find the correct answers to the following questions.
Short words:
old – older
cheap – cheaper
1. Which is larger, China or the USA?
2. Which is taller, the Empire State Building or the World Trade
Center?
3. Which is nearer, the Earth, Venus or Mars?
4. Which is smaller, Dublin or Tokyo?
5. Which is larger, the Taj Mahal or St. Peter’s in Vatican?
6. Which is longer, the Channel Tunnel or the Seikan Tunnel (in
Japan)?
7. Which is cheaper, travelling by car or by train?
8. Compare a number of places and things like this.
Remember!
Example:
to compare [kqmpeq] – сравнивать
The South of France / hot / the North.
The South of France is hotter than the North.
1. England /big / Rome.
2. Buildings in Moscow /tall/ in London.
3. The river Avon /short/ the Thames.
4. The Mississippi /long/ the Nile.
5. Mount Everest /high/ Mont Blanc.
6. The air at night /cool/ the sea at night.
7. Winters in Scandinavia /cold/ winters in Europe.
* Если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено глаголом to think, то
отрицание обычно ставится в главном предложении, а не в придаточном,
как в русском языке. Сравните: I don’t think you should change the money.
Я думаю / пожалуй, не нужно обменивать деньги.
402
9. Anna liked New York so much that she decided to stay there.
Now she is married to an American. Her friends from England
sometimes ask her about her opinion (мнение) of American people.
Complete their questions with the words in brackets.
Long words:
Remember!
generous – more generous
depressing – less depressing
ambitious – честолюбивый
religious – верующий
1. (nice) Do you think Americans are nicer than English
people?
2. (ambitious) Do you think Americans ___________ English
people?
3. (kind) Do you think Americans _______________ English
people?
4. (interesting) Do you think Americans __________ English
people?
5. (democratic) Do you think Americans __________ English
people?
6. (happy) Do you think Americans ______________ English
people?
7. (religious) Do you think Americans ____________ English
people?
8. (generous) Do you think Americans ____________ English
people?
10. Say in what way one European city is different from another.
Ywords:
friendly – friendlier
Example:
A: Milan is dirtier than I expected.
B: It’s also more expensive than Florence.
Use the following words.
tidy – dirty – busy – noisy – friendly
403
interesting – dangerous – exciting – depressing
On your own.
Think of any two countries that you know well and write down
the summary of your ideas. Read it out in class.
Compare:
the streets:
the goods:
(beautiful, wide, dirty)
(cheap, expensive)
the buildings:
the food:
(tall, ugly, modern)
(ordinary, bad, tasty)
the people:
the weather:
(religious, reserved, friendly) (lovely, dry, nasty)
11. Ask your friend what he/she thinks about the facts listed
below.
Cheaper – much cheaper; more expensive – much more expensive
Remember!
сheap – дешёвый, expensive – дорогой
Example:
A: Town life is more active than country life, isn’t it?
B. I think country life is much quieter than town life.
1. The climate of Great Britain is milder than on the continent
(dry).
2. The streets of New York are cleaner than the streets of Paris
(dirty).
3. Paris is bigger than Madrid (small).
4. Trips in Madrid are more expensive than in Rome (cheap).
5. The buildings in New York are more modern than the buildings
in Rome (old).
6. The Underground in London is better than the Metro in Paris
(bad).
7. The people in Greece are more open than in Scandinavian
countries (reserved).
11a. Using the sentences of task 11 find out if these things are
identical in some way.
404
Example:
A. Is country life as active as life in town?
B. No, it isn’t. It’s much quieter.
12. Read John’s report about his trip to France. In which country are these things more expensive, according to the report?
Write B for Britain or F for France.
1. tea …….F…...
2. food……B…..
3. CocaCola ..…
4. records………
5. radios………..
6. clothes………
7. coffee ………..
8. travel…………
9. icecream……...
10. videos..……..
11. stereos………
12. books………..
Is France more expensive than Britain? It’s difficult
to say. Tea and coffee are definitely more expensive in Paris than in Dover, and so is CocaCola. (I
had a CocaCola which cost L 2!)
Travel in France is cheaper, though. We went
everywhere by “Metro”, train and bus. The “Metro”
is fantastic! French food generally isn’t as expensive as the food we have in Britain, although
icecream is more expensive in France. French
records and videos cost less than British ones but
radios, stereos and TVs cost more. The clothes in
France aren’t as cheap as in Britain and nor are
books! French books are very expensive.
So is it cheaper in France than in Britain?
I’m not sure.
13. Read and practise the following dialogue.
Roleplay some more conversations using the clues below.
A:
B:
A:
B:
Look! I don’t drive as carefully as I need to.
That’s not true. You drive more carefully than me.
You’re just saying that!
No, I mean it, I really mean it.
Note!
fluently [flu:qntlI] – свободно, бегло
go out often
jog fast
think clearly
speak English fluently
work energetically
treat life enthusiastically
405
14. Read how Sylvia Weston, an American visitor to London,
compares lifestyles in Great Britain and the USA.
Cultural Note
Lifestyle is a way of living including the kind of home one
lives in; the things one owns; the kind of job one does; the leisure
activities one enjoys.
Remember!
immediately [ImJdIqtlI] тотчас, сразу
violent [vaIqlqnt] – буйный, несдержанный,
преступный
efficient [IfISqnt] – исполнительный, умелый
to pollute [pqlHt] – загрязнять
lead free petrol – неэтилированный бензин
compulsory [kqmpAlsqrI] – обязательный
hardworking – работящий
“My first impression of Britain is that
people are much more formal. For example,
in the States we use first names almost
immediately but here I have to be more careful. And British people are generally more
polite. A NewYorker says: “Give me the
check, will you!” when he finishes a meal
but here in Britain they say: “Excuse me, do
you think you could give me the bill?”
I don’t find a lot of difference in prices.
They’re about the same as in the States, I guess. It’s the same with
accommodation. I think it’s a bit cheaper in London than in New
York but there’s not a lot of difference.
One thing is certain, though, London is not as violent as New
York. Some friends of mine who live in the Bronx have four locks
on their door! I also prefer the subway here. It’s cleaner and quieter, although the service isn’t as efficient. On the whole, though,
London is more polluted than New York because everyone there
has to use lead free petrol but in Britain it’s not compulsory.
406
When it comes to work and business, my impression is that the
British are much less hardworking than Americans. Sometimes I
think the British don’t know what a day’s work means.”
15. Tasks.
a) Are these statements true or false?
In London Sylvia noticed that people used their first names only
after they got to know each other quite well.
The American guest found a lot of difference in accommodation
and prices.
She was surprised to learn that most people in GB preferred to
have four locks on their door.
The visitor to London disliked the service in the subway.
She was very much impressed by the British working habits.
b) Scan the text and focus on the differences that Sylvia discovered in the two cultures.
What did she say about these things?
Manners
Prices
Accommodation
Safety
Public transport
Attitude to work
c) How did Sylvia characterize people in Britain and the USA?
Did she say that the Americans were more or less sociable /
polite / businesslike / reserved than the British?
d) Suggest your title to the text.
16.
Listening “An American in Britain”
a) Listen to the recording and tick the columns according to
who says what.
Remember!
Texas [teksqs] – Техас (штат в США)
to misunderstand sb/sth – неправильно понять
когол./чтол.
to realize
– осознавать
a skyscraper
– небоскреб
407
Mr. Kipling
the Londoner
1. Could you tell me the way to
Oxford Street?
2. I think it’s a very nice little
town.
3. I mean … my ranchhouse
back in Texas is bigger than
that.
4. Our buildings are small only
because we build them so
quickly.
5. We do things much faster
here than you do in Texas.
6. Everybody says so.
7. Of course that skyscraper
isn’t as tall as the buildings
in Dallas or New York.
8. But … what’s strange about
it?
b) Report what each of the men said or asked during the conversation.
c) Listen again and summarize answers to the following questions.
1. Where did Mr. Kipling want to go?
2. Why did he have to address a Londoner?
3. What did the American like about London? Did he really mean
it?
4. Was he sincere when he compared London to his ranchhouse
back in Texas?
5. Was he the only person who thought so? Why? / Why not?
6. What view did the Londoner take? How did he react when the
foreigner called England the country of slow change?
7. What attracted the Londoner’s attention? Why?
8. Was the skyscraper as tall as the buildings in Dallas or New
York? What did the foreigner think about it?
408
9. Do you agree that different positions reflect different
lifestyles?
10. What is ironic about the story?
d) Read these statements and say which of them best expresses the main idea of the text.
English people have a good sense of humor.
The Londoner showed as much patriotism as Mr. Kipling.
The American lifestyle has a certain snob value.
The Englishman saw the humour of the situation and taught
Mr. Kipling a lesson.
17. How does lifestyle in Russia differ from that in the USA?
Discuss the following points.
Remember!
compared to – по сравнению с
Do people start work early in both countries?
Do most people working in Moscow live in the suburbs and have
to travel to the centre by train?
Are travel cards as popular in Russia as in America?
Do Russians like eating out as often as the Americans?
Are there fewer road accidents in Russia because the Russians
are less careless drivers? To what extent is family life different
in Russia (in using cars, shopping for food and clothes / doing
sports / watching TV, etc.)?
Do the Russian people show their feelings much more openly
than American people?
Are the Russians more or less generous / democratic compared
to the Americans?
Is tourist trade becoming popular both in Russia and in the
USA?
17a. Using the ideas above point out things that are similar in
the two cultures.
Like the Americans, the Russians like eating out.
Как…, так и …
409
Make a list of things that are quite different in these cultures.
Unlike the Americans, the Russians are less religious. В отличие от…
18. Make up two lists of things: those that are different and
similar in these lifestyles. Are there more similarities (сходства) or
differences on your list?
SIMILARITIES:
1._____________________.
2._____________________.
3._____________________.
4._____________________.
5._____________________.
DIFFERENCES:
1.________________________.
2.________________________.
3.________________________.
4.________________________.
5.________________________.
19. Fill in the missing definite articles in the text below and
explain their usage.
__ New York is situated at __ mouth of __ Hudson River on
__ East coast of __ USA. __ heart of __ New York City is __ island
of __ Manhattan where __ buildings “scrape __ sky”.
One of these skyscrapers is __ Empire State Building on __
Fifth Avenue between __ 33rd and __ 34th Street. People recognize it as a symbol of __ New York, like __ Statue of Liberty and
__ Brooklyn Bridge.
__ Empire State Building is __ attraction of one of __ world’s
most loved and most hated cities.
410
Set 3
The most sensational superlatives
Самые сенсационные
достопримечательности мира
The world is
full of wonderful
places. Los Angeles
(L.A.) may be one
of the most impressive of all.
The City of Angels.
Город ангелов
Note!
independent – независимый
At the heart of Los Angeles is Hollywood – the world’s largest
centre for film production. Interestingly, L.A. is better known for
its neighbourhoods. Like independent nationstates these neighbourhoods have their own personalities, histories and politics. Each
L.A.’s neighbourhood offers the best of everything.
20. Form the superlatives that go with L.A.’s record holders.
Short words
and y – words
Long words
lively
high
hot
large
light
the liveliest
popular
stylish
elegant
sensational
wonderful
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
the most popular
411
dense –
funny –
prestigious
outstanding
–
–
21. Ask your partner about the distinctive features (отличительные черты) of some L.A.’s neighbourhoods.
Remember!
to boast sth – по праву располагать чемл.,
что вызывает гордость
Note!
an establishment – заведение
a dense network – густая сеть
Example:
Chinatown– (fine) antique shops.
A: What is Chinatown known for?
B: It boasts the world’s finest antique shops.
Santa Monica – (high) concentration of art galleries.
Beverly Hills – (stylish) stores and (elegant) shops.
Universal City – (sensational) sights like Universal Studios
Hollywood.
Cultural Note
Universal Studios Hollywood
offers tours of the world’s largest
motion picture studio so that you can
get a behindthescenes look (заглянуть за кулисы) at the place where
TV and movie magic begins. The tour
is based on (основано на) hit movies
such as “Waterworld” “Jurassic Park”
and “Back to the “Future”
Century City – (prestigious) entertainment industry firms in the
world: CBS Records, Home Box Office and ABC Television.
Westwood – (dense) network of fastfood establishments.
South Bay – (large) mall* on the West Coast with 350 shops, services and eateries.
Pasadena – (outstanding) cultural establishments including a
16screen cinema complex.
West Hollywood – (hot) night clubs, restaurants and comedy
clubs.
*mall (AmE) is a large shopping centre.
412
Hollywood – (great) centre for film production, where 60,000
people are employed; (wonderful) attractions such as Walk of
Fame (Аллея славы).
Cultural Note
Walk of Fame shows 2,065 stars with the names of film, TV,
radio, theatre and pop music celebrities. These stars are embedded
in the sidewalks (вымощены на тротуаре) along Hollywood
Boulevard. You can find Elvis’s star outside the Hollywood Wax
Museum, Marilyn Monroe’s in front of McDonald’s etc.
On you own.
What Hollywood attractions
impressed you most of all?
What pieces of information
about the richest, the greatest
could you add to the Guinness
Book of World Records?
Do you think L.A. is really an
international symbol of the
California good life? Why?
Would you like to tour the USA?
How do you motivate your decision to travel to another country? Read and choose the best
answer.
The most important thing for me to do is:
a) to master English;
b) to find out about the past;
c) to broaden my mind;
d) to learn about other cultures;
e) to get to know different people;
f) to experience novelty/danger.
413
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on the Russian capital...
22. Out of the list in task 20 choose superlatives that go with
Moscow’s cultural establishments.
Note!
conservatoire [kqnsE:vqtwR] – консерватория
school and theatre of “Bolshoi
Ballet”
musical society, the conserva
toire
theatres, concert halls
art galleries, museums
churches and cathedrals
the Zoo, the Old Circus
national parks
fastfood establishments
restaurants, night clubs,
casinos
Noviy Arbat, antique shops
On your own.
1. Is there anything in Moscow you can’t see in L.A.?
2. Which of these attractions create the atmosphere of contact
with great traditions of the past?
23. Study the list of extreme opinions of Moscow and say if you
agree or disagree with them. Give your reasons.
Visitors to Moscow can never forget its theatres, colourful
evenings of music and dance.
Moscow has monuments and statues [stxtju:] on squares
and roads throughout the city.
In public transport passengers never give up their seats to
elderly people.
The metro carriages are sometimes packed like caviar.
Tenants must solve the problem of repairing the buildings they
live in.
In this country there’s a spirit (дух) of close, loving relations
between the people.
414
24. Discuss the following points.
1. What is your country’s stereotype?
2. Are the Russians lovers of traditions? What does it show in?
3. Do you know any foreigners living in Russia? Do they enjoy the
Russian folksong tradition?
4. What do tourists like doing here? Where do they go?
5. What do they like / dislike in our way of life?
6. What do you miss most about your country when you are away?
Section II
YOU’RE IN HOLLYWOOD NOW
ТЕПЕРЬ ВЫ В ГОЛЛИВУДЕ
Set 1 READING
The business of dreams
Фабрика грёз
FOR DETAIL
25. Read the following words and word combinations and
remember how to use them.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
a headline [hedlaIn] n. заголовок (газетный): The new road plan is
in the headlines again.
to entertain [entqteIn] v.t. развлекать: The play was so dull that it
didn’t entertain its audience.
necessary [nesqsqrI] adj. необходимый: If you’re going abroad,
it’s necessary to have a passport.
to perform [pqfO:m] v.t. исполнять, выступать: Our team performed very well in the match yesterday. performance –
спектакль
to offer [Pfq] v.t. предлагать: He offered me a lift. Он предложил
меня подвести.
unbelievable [AnbIli:vqbl] adj. невероятный: She’s got an unbelievable number of cats!
success [sqkses] n. успех, удача: His success was the result of hard
work. to be a success пользоваться успехом: He’s a great success as an actor. (un)successful adj. (без)успешный, (не)
удачный, (не)преуспевающий
demand [dIma:nd] n. требование, потребность, спрос: This book
415
is in great demand.
salary [sxlqrI] n. оклад, зарплата: Ted is on a very good salary
now.
to rise [raIz] v.i. подниматься, увеличиваться: They rose from the
table. The wind is rising. He rose to international fame.
a screen [skri:n] n. экран: We sat at the front, very close to the
screen.
to consider [kqnsIdq] v.t. считать, рассматривать: Do you consider it a convenient place to meet?
to include [Inklu:d] v. включать, содержать в себе: Did you
include Mr. Shannon in the list of guests?
a character [kxrIktq] n. зд. герой, тип, образ, персонаж: The
main character of the play is a successful businessman.
to experience (joy and sorrow) [IkspIqrIqns] v.t. испытывать/
переживать (радость и печаль): The novel reflects the period
of joy which the writer experienced.
frustration [frAstreISqn] n. крушение планов/надежд: Life is full
of frustrations.
WORD BUILDING
26. There are a number of negative prefixes and no easy rule to
tell us when to use each one. Read these English examples and
suggest their Russian equivalents.
in9
un9
im9
ir9
il9
incorrect
inhuman
unusual
unnatural
immobile
immoral
irregular
illiberal
inexpensive
ineffective
unmarried
unbelievable
impolite
impatient
irrational
illegal
independent
inconvenient
unimportant
unnecessary
imperfect
impossible
irrelevant
illogical
27. Read and translate these international words.
Historic, satiric, audience, decade, report, rhythmic, comical,
standard, instrument, concen,trate, sensational, prestigious,
, popularity, producer, eccentric, , characteristic, fantastic,
, astronomical, orchestra, impression.
416
28. Study the following text and say what kind of character
Chaplin created in his films.
Text A
Charlie Chaplin, Movie Star (1889–1977)
When Charlie Chaplin travelled to
New York from Hollywood in 1926, one
of the city’s newspapers reported his
arrival with a headline that read simply
“He’s Here”. Chaplin was so famous
that no further explanation was necessary. His films entertained millions of
people all over the world. It’s not unusual that cinemas continue to show his
films on a regular basis. He was the first
and the greatest movie star of all time.
Born in London in 1889, Charlie
Chaplin was the second son of two music
hall performers. His parents taught
him to sing and dance. When Chaplin
was twentyfour, an American motion
picture producer offered him a film contract and the unbelievable
salary of 150 dollars a week.
From the very beginning Chaplin’s films were so successful
and in such demand that the movie company needed to make 200
or more copies of each one for theatres, compared to the usual 40
or 50 copies of other films. As his popularity grew, Chaplin’s salary continued to rise. In the year 1917 Charlie Chaplin earned an
astronomical 1 million dollars for eight movies, each of which ran
twenty minutes.
Because the films were short, the movie companies decided
that it was inconvenient and unnecessary to include other major
stars and concentrated on Chaplin.
Chaplin spoke no language on the screen and people from different countries could easily consider him “one of their own”.
The most important factor in Chaplin’s popularity was the
character he portrayed in his silent films. It was called “The
417
Tramp”. Chaplin explained later in his autobiography, “I wanted
the pants baggy, the coat tight, the hat small, the shoes large”.
How original his acting was! The audience laughed nearly every
second. This comical character expressed the joy and sorrow, the
dreams and frustrations that people experienced in life.
29. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases, and use
them in discussing the text.
Сообщала о его прибытии; в котором было просто сказано;
дальнейших объяснений не требовалось; нет ничего необычного
в том, что; на регулярной основе; величайшая кинозвезда всех
времён; эстрадные артисты, с самого начала; по мере того, как
росла его популярность; каждый из которых шёл 20 мин.;
подключать других крупных артистов; оригинальная игра.
c) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right.
1. to entertain
2. a motion picture
3. to boast sth
4. a report
a) to contain sth that is unusual and
causes reasonable pride
b) a degree of getting favourable results
c) to focus on sth, to direct one’s attention towards some activity
d) the way, or process of moving
e) to interest sb, esp. by a public performance
f) an account of events or experiences
6. a demand
g) to provide; give
7. to perform
h) the desire of people for particular
8. success
goods or services
i) a cinema film
9. motion
10. to concentrate on sth j) to act, or to play a part in a play
5. to offer
418
d) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words from
the text.
1. People who attend a play at a theatre are the audience.
2. Oliver is acting the part of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” tonight.
3. Cezanne focused on the construction of form.
4. The booklet provides practical advice to people with housing
problems.
5. In his career he got a sensational result rising from office boy to
millionaire.
6. Her performance of Lady Macbeth was perfect.
7. She was afraid of her son’s growing fame.
e) Change the following sentences using so and how.
Example:
His acting is original.
His acting is so original! How original it is!
1. We were tired. 2. English spelling is difficult. 3. It is hot here.
4. I was interested in her reaction. 5. The play was amusing. 6. The
plot of the film is fascinating.
f) Change the following sentences using such and what.
Example:
Smoktunovsky was a talented actor.
He was such a talented actor!
What a talented actor he was!
1. He is a bright student. 2. She is a wellread girl. 3. It is a comfortable flat. 4. The man had an unusual career. 5. This is an exciting piece of news. 6. The play was a success with the public. 7. She
had a frightening experience.
g) Complete the following exclamations (восклицания).
1. ——— good idea! 2. ——— grand ideas you have! 3. ———
pretty she is! 4. ——— interesting it is to compare things! 5.
——— beautiful music they are playing! 6. ——— beautifully he
sang! 7 ——— boring story he’s telling! 8. ——— pity your friend
can’t come!
419
h) Combine the following sentences based on the contents of
the text. Use so...that, such a...that.
Example:
Chaplin was famous. No further explanation
was necessary.
Chaplin was so famous that no further
explanation was necessary.
1. Chaplin’s films were a success. They attracted crowds of people.
2. His artistic manner was great. People considered him outstanding. 3. His films are still popular. Some cinemas show them on a
regular basis. 4. A film producer offered him a contract. It brought
him lots of money. 5. The films were in demand. The movie company concentrated on Chaplin. 6. Chaplin’s acting entertained
many people. Film companies needed hundreds of copies. 7. The
character he portrayed was funny. The public laughed nearly
every second. 8. “The Tramp” was lifelike. People of different
nationalities considered him “one of their own”.
i) Look through the text once again and discuss the following
points.
1. How much famous was Charlie Chaplin? Find facts that show
his great popularity.
2. What role did his parents play in his career?
3. How did Chaplin’s salary change as his popularity grew?
4. Why did the film companies include no other major stars in the
programme, but Chaplin?
5. What attracted the audience in “The Tramp”?
j) Agree or disagree with the following statements.
Chaplin arrived in Hollywood in 1926. He was very famous at
that time.
Cinemas no longer show Chaplin’s films.
Chaplin earned enormous sums of money as an actor.
In Chaplin’s day, movies were as long as they are today.
When Chaplin played “The Tramp”, he dressed in the clothes
he normally wore.
“The Tramp” was one of the most famous characters in the
history of motion pictures.
420
k) Give a presentation on Chaplin as the greatest movie star of
all time.
l) Figure it out.
Do you think film stars should make as much money as they do?
Why do people call Hollywood the “business of dreams”?
How does viewing a film in the cinema differ from watching it
at home on TV?
Of course, you can see films at home for nothing. Is it as well
impressive?
Here are the expressions that give you thinking time while you
arrange your ideas.
To my mind…
To tell the truth…
As I take it …
The fact is that…
In my opinion…
As far as I know
30. Write about your impressions of the film you saw on TV the
other day. Focus on the following points.
1. When and where did the action / the events take place?
2. What is the film about?
3. How did you find the plot? / the music? / the acting? Was it
fascinating? / amusing? / boring?
4. Who played the leading role?
5. Did you enjoy yourself during the film? Did you
laugh?/cry?/feel bored? Were you impressed or excited? Why?
31. Read the joke aloud and then try to retell it. Make a note of
one or two key words, if necessary.
Note!
a magician [mqGISqn] – фокусник
a parrot – попугай
JOKE SPOT
It’s Magic
A magician was working on a cruise [kru:z] ship. It was an
excellent job except for one thing, the nightclub parrot. This
stood in the corner of the bar and talked to the audience. Whatever
421
the magician did the parrot was able to explain the trick to the
audience. Of course, the audience loved it, but the magician got
angrier and angrier.
One day, the ship hit an iceberg and sank rapidly. The magician was able to get off the ship before it sank. He held on to a piece
of wood. The parrot joined the man on the wood. After a few minutes it finally spoke, “OK, this time you win. How did you do it?”
Set 2
QUICK READING
AND DISCUSSION
Music world shows its love
Признание музыкального мира
32. Read some information from the “USA Today”, April 29,
1999. Answer the following question.
How did Ellington create his music?
Note!
a jazz band – джазовый оркестр
to take sth seriously – воспринимать чтол. всерьёз
to recognize [rekqg, naIz] a tune – узнать мотив,
мелодию
a giant [GaIqnt] – гигант, исполин
to tour [tVq] a country – гастролировать по стране
to go crazy about sb/sth – сходить с ума по комул.,
чемул.
Text B
Ahead of Its Time
By Steve Jones
Duke Ellington (1899–1974), an American jazz musician, was
a piano player, wrote music, and was leader of his own very successful big band.
Europeans had to take his music seriously. When Ellington
went to England in 1933, they called him* the first real American
* Предложения с неопределённым подлежащим they / one переводятся на
русск. яз. безличным или неопределённоличным предложениями: they
called him…– его называли; they say – говорят; one should be careful – нужно
быть осторожным.
422
composer. All music lovers recognize his tune. Ellington left more
than 2,000 compositions and lots
of them remain standards today.
The most famous ones include
Mood Indigo and Sophisticated
Lady.
Ellington wrote music constantly – after shows, on trains,
The Big Man of Big Bands
in restaurants. He had a way of
Time, April, 19, 1999
using everything he heard to create rhythmic patterns. In his work
he focused on everyday life and human emotions. He used voices
like instruments and his instruments sounded like voices.
“There were so many eccentric people working for him”,
Murray says, who was a longtime friend of Ellington’s. “Some
stayed with him for decades. In the fifties he recorded with such
jazz giants as Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong”. “I’m not
hard to please,” Duke Ellington used to say. “Just give me the
best.”
Ellington continued to work and tour almost until his death.
All people loved him – from America’s dance halls to Europe’s
concert halls. His music was ahead of its time.
Now his 20yearold grandson, Paul Ellington, leads the
orchestra. He thinks that the lovers of popular music still find his
grandfather’s music attractive. “We played at the Atlanta Midtown
Festival”, he says. “So we had 4,000 people of my own age going
crazy when we played”.
33. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the sentences in the text with the word combinations
and phrases below. Translate them into Russian.
Was leader of his own successful band, to create rhythmic patterns, remain standards, eccentric, a longtime friend, I’m not
hard to please, stayed with him for decades, was ahead of its time,
to go crazy.
423
c) How much do you remember?
When did the American composer go to England?
How many compositions did he leave? What are the most
famous of them?
What new style of jazz did Ellington develop?
Where did Ellington perform with his orchestra? How many
countries did he tour?
What jazz giants did he record with?
Who leads the orchestra now and what festival attracted crowds
of people enthusiastic about jazz?
d) Reorganize this plan according to the text.
1. Today thousands of young music fans enjoy Ellington’s
compositions.
2. Ellington’s creative manner was very special.
3. This jazz giant combined a piano player, a bandleader and
a composer.
4. He wrote a series of compositions that showed him as a jazz star.
5. In Europe they considered him the first real American composer.
6. There were so many eccentric people working for him.
e) Which of these statements relate to the main idea of the text?
1. Duke Ellington had a way of creating rhythmic patterns.
3. In his work Ellington concentrated on human feelings.
4. His compositions were well in advance of their time.
5. The lovers of popular music still find Ellington’s music moving.
f) Say if any of the facts you’ve read about are new to you.
g) Discuss the secret of Ellington’s success. Do you personally
think much of this musician?
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on Russia’s musicians...
424
34. Translate the following text into English and figure out the
name of a wellknown Russian singer and drama actor.
.............? (1873–1938)
...начал свою профессиональную деятельность в Тбилиси,
где занимался у оперного певца Усатова. Когда ему было 23
года, Мамонтов предложил ему место в Московской частной
опере.
С 1899 по 1922 гг. этот выдающийся актёр пел в Большом и
в Мариинском театрах. Он пользовался огромным успехом во
время гастролей по России и приобрёл мировую славу, выступая
в Италии.
Важнейшим фактором его популярности был его
невероятный по красоте голос. Образы, которые он создавал,
были так трагичны, что зрители не могли удержаться от слёз.
Наиболее известные его создания – это образы Бориса Годунова
и Мефистофеля.
Даже когда певец покинул Россию, чтобы поселиться в
Париже, он сохранил верность лучшим традициям вокальной
школы России и продолжал работать над трактовкой (interpretation) образа.
Он есть и был величайшим басом всех времён. Нет ничего
необычного в том, что и сейчас люди покупают пластинки с
записями его голоса.
35. Figure it out.
Remember!
a generation – поколение
to question sth – сомневаться в чемл.,
оспаривать чтол.
The most successful singer in the world was Elvis Presley who
had more than 170 hit songs. Who is the most successful singer
in Russia?
Which is the most popular group in Russia?
Each generation has their own music with which they criticize
the generation before them. Do you associate yourself with the
music of your generation?
What values (ценности) of the previous generation do you
question?
425
36. Project work.
Find information about any Russian actor (actress) or musician.
Don’t forget that the facts should be interesting to your foreign partner. Make notes having in mind the following points:
1. a particular style of this famous person’s works;
2. a few facts from his/her biography;
3. some important events in his/her career;
4. reasons for his/her popularity.
Section III
REAL9LIFE COMMUNICATION
Set 1
Don’t turn me down!
Не отказывайтесь от приглашения!
37.
Listening.
a) Listen and complete these notes using a word, figure or short
phrase.
1. I’d like to book two tickets for
2. I’m sorry, Friday is fully booked. We have some seats
left for
3. Couldn’t you find something? We have a V.I.P. from
4. The manager is usually able to find tickets for
5. We’ve got two cancellations. I can keep them for
6. The seats are in the balcony. You need to collect them
before
b) Listen another time and answer
the questions.
1. Was the foreigner interested in
the seats for Thursday?
2. Why did he have to ask the clerk
twice?
3. What exact words did the theatre
goer use for the first / second
time?
426
4. How did the booking clerk try to be helpful? What was the way
out?
5. Where were the seats and when did the customer have to collect
the tickets?
6. In what country do you think the action took place? What was
the foreigner’s nationality? Why do you think so?
c) Dramatize and report the dialogue.
38. In pairs, practise making polite requests
a) formally, to a stranger:
Excuse me, could you show us your menu?
1. You’d like to sit near the window in a cafe.
2. You want to know the way to the Grand Hotel.
3. You need help in lifting your suitcase.
4. You’re in a bank and you’d like to change a 10pound note.
5. You’re shopping and you need a foreigner’s help to open the
door, as you have a lot to carry.
6. It’s late and your neighbours are playing very loud music. (turn
down).
b) Informally to a colleague in your office:
Do you think you could type a letter for me?
1. Ask your foreign partner to post a letter for you.
2. You want the window open a little.
3. You think the TV is too loud.
4. You need help in putting a box on the shelf.
5. You want a lift to the underground.
39. Here are some other types of expressing request.
Match the situation on the left with the suitable request on the
right. What letter does figure 1 go with?
427
1. You’re a guest in someone’s
home, you’d like a cigarette, what
do you say?
2. You want to ask your friend to
lend you a book.
3. You’re at the information office
at the railway station and you want
to know some train times.
4. You meet someone at a party and
get on very well. As she leaves she
says, “Nice meeting you, we must
do lunch sometime.”
5. Your colleague is visiting you
when the phone rings. What do you
say to the caller?
a) Would you mind lending
it to me?
b) Is it all right if I smoke?
c) Would you mind if I called
you back, I’ve got a visitor
here at the moment.
d) I wonder if you could tell
me when the next train to
London is?
e) Wouldn’t you mind giving me your phone number?
40. Read the following dialogue. Focus on how Philip invites the
other students to attend the science fiction festival.*
Note!
to be in the mood to do sth – быть настроенным
на чтон.
to join sb for sth – присоединиться, примкнуть к комун.
Come on! – побудит. Hу же!
to turn sb down – отказаться (от приглашения)
It’s up to you. – Теперь вам решать.
an adventure film – приключенческий фильм
Are you in the mood to go out tonight?
Philip:
Carol:
be
Philip:
Hey, everybody, it’s almost time to go home. I think
I must start the weekend by going to the movies
tonight. Carol, would you like to join me?
Oh, I’d love to, but I’m afraid I can’t. I’m going to
very busy this evening. Thanks for the invitation
though.
Sure, no problem. Rudy, do you have any plans for
* a science fiction festival – фестиваль научнопопулярных фильмов
428
at
Rudy:
Philip:
val
Susan:
Philip:
Susan:
Philip:
tonight? We could go to the science fiction festival
the Grand Theatre. Do you like science fiction?
No, not at all. I prefer comedies or adventure films.
What about you, Susan? Why not attend the festithis evening?
Sorry, Phil. I’m not in the mood for the movies
tonight.
Come on, Susan. Don’t turn me down. It’ll be fun.
I don’t think so. May be we can go some other time.
Well, it’s up to you, but if you change your mind,
you can phone me till 8 o’clock.
a) Answer the following questions.
1. What did Phil want to do that night?
2. Why couldn’t Carol join her friend?
3. Did Rudy get any special things to do, too? Then why did he
turn Phil down?
4. Philip was sure that it was great fun to watch science fiction
films. Did Susan take a different view? How do you know?
5. Do you think any other student could agree to accompany
Philip? Why or why not?
6. What country did the action of the conversation take place in?
Give your reasons.
7. What phrases did Philip use to invite his classmates?
8. What about their answers? Did all of them sound polite?
9. Which of them could you use to refuse an invitation politely?
b) Report the above conversation.
c) Simulation.
Imagine that Carol, Rudy and Susan – all of them accept Philip’s
invitation. Think of some possible ways to change the dialogue.
Mind you have to respond politely!
1. Let me think about it, perhaps I can change my plans.
2. I’ve got a great idea! We could ... .
3. Thanks for your invitation. I’d be delighted to join you.
4. ____________________________________
5. ____________________________________
429
d) Pairwork. Act out the following situations.
1. Your foreign colleague loves old movies. Talking enthusiastically about Chaplin he invites you to watch one of his films.
Although you are not crazy about old movies, don’t turn him
down.
2. Your foreign partner invites you to the Philharmonic
[,fIlha:mPnIk] to listen to some good classical music by a large
orchestra. He even promises to call and see about tickets, as they
could be sold out for this weekend.
Refuse politely. Explain why you cannot accept the invitation.
Use the prompts below.
you feel very much tired after hard work;
you plan to go out of town for the weekend;
you’re not in the mood to go out because...;
you’re attending a conference at the Hilton until Tuesday;
you’re looking forward to a jazz music performance.
41. Roleplay the game on p. 396.
Set 2
Business letters
Деловые письма
ACCEPTING AND REFUSING AN INVITATION
ПРИНЯТИЕ ПРИГЛАШЕНИЯ И ОТКАЗ ОТ НЕГО
42. You need to compose a letter of inquiry requesting an invitation for an opening exhibition / conference / seminar. Fill in this
form.
Dear Sir,
We are interested in attending the exhibition of ____________
this month. We would be pleased to receive invitations for
430
our representatives*.
Yours faithfully,
Signature
43. You’ve received a letter of invitation. Translate it from
English into Russian.
Note!
to hold (a seminar) – проводить чтол.
to appreciate [qprI:SIeIt] – быть
признательным, ценить чтол.
Dear Mr _____,
The Organizing Committee officially invites you to participate in the work of the seminar to be held from 10th to 12th
November this year.
We would very much appreciate an early reply to this invitation and hope to have the pleasure of seeing you here.
We would be grateful if you let us know the date of your
arrival.
Yours truly,
S. Johnson
44. Write a letter to your correspondent accepting his invitation.
Note!
to establish a contact – установить контакт
at one’s earliest convenience – при первой
возможности
Уважаемый гн Джонсон!
Я с удовольствием принимаю Ваше любезное приглашение
участвовать в работе семинара. Мы с радостью
устанавливаем контакты с нашими коллегами.
При первой же возможности сообщу Вам дату прибытия.
Искренне Ваш,
Подпись
* a representative – представитель
431
45. What standard phrases do you need to express regret
(сожаление), apology (извинение), refusal (отказ)?
Make sure you understand these set expressions.
I apologize for...
Please, accept my apologies for...
Forgive me (for) my late reply
We regret to say/to inform you that...
I am awfully sorry that it’s not possible to...
I regret very much that I am not in a position to...
46. On your own
Write a letter to your correspondent informing that you refuse
his invitation.
Use the phrases above.
Note!
in receipt [rIsi:t] of your letter /fax –
в ответ на Ваше письмо / факс
Уважаемый сэр!
Просим извинить за позднее сообщение в ответ на Ваш
факс от 21 марта с.г.
С сожалением сообщаем, что в последний момент пришлось
отложить (to postpone) нашу встречу в Лондоне. Мои
коллеги во Франкфурте cочли необходимым моё участие в
конференции 22 марта.
Вновь приносим наши извинения и надеемся встретиться
не позднее середины апреля с.г.
С искренним уважением,
Подпись
432
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 15
1. Open the brackets and use the comparative or superlative
degree of adjectives.
The Channel Tunnel is the second _______ (long) tunnel in the
world. The _______ (long) is the Seikan tunnel in Japan, but the
Channel Tunnel has a _______ (long) undersea section.
One team began drilling in France and the other in England.
The drilling machines were _______ (heavy) ever made. The
_______ (big) problem for the builders was to meet at exactly the
same place in the middle of the Channel.
The Channel Tunnel is _______ (great) engineering project
ever. It has __________ (sophisticated) railway control system in
the world, and it’s going to be _______ (busy) railway track in
Europe, with one train every three minutes.
2. Open the brackets and use a suitable verb form.
1. Hurry up! The train for Leads _______ (to leave) from platform
Nine at 6p.m.
2. __________ (not to forget) to bring me Walter’s calculator
back on Monday!
He said, he ________ (to need) it in his everyday work.
3. We invited Mrs. Tailor to dinner, but she refused saying that
she _____ _____ (not to like) going out much.
4. “What ____ you ______(to talk) about?” “We __________(to
talk) about the novel “The Godfather”. “When ____ you ______
(to read) it?” “Long time ago.”
5. “Did you know that Tom ________ (to paint) in his spare
time?” “Really? I had no idea!”
6. Alan told his neighbours that he __________ (to have) a company that night.
7. The article stressed the point that the new generation _____
_______ (not to accept) their parent’s ideals.
433
3. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
1. When I found her at last, she was blue _____ cold. 2. “The
Prince and the Pauper” is a novel _____ M. Twain. 3. Do you know
what is _____ the “Bolshoi” tomorrow evening? 4. “May I invite
you ___ the concert?” “I’m not much of a theatregoer, I’m afraid.
How about going to the disco ________?” 5. The students stopped
laughing when the orator entered ______ the lecturehall. 6. She
is jealous _____ your success; that is why she is always angry
_____ you. 7. The time in London is five hours _____ of the time
in NewYork.
4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Их предложение было настолько заманчивым, что мы не
могли отказаться.
2. Новости, которые он принёс, были невероятными и шокировали нас.
3. Вам лучше сохранить (to save) файл, прежде чем выключите
компьютер, иначе вы потеряете этот файл.
4. Зрители были очарованы актёрами и игрой оркестра.
5. Его популярность возросла в несколько раз по сравнению с
тем периодом, когда он только начал играть в театре.
6. Нельзя оставлять документы в номере и следует позаботиться о ценностях.
7. Ни у одного великого художника не было столько последователей, сколько их было у Рубенса.
8. Она подумала, что знает предмет гораздо лучше, чем кажется
экзаменатору.
434
Word List (Unit 15)
generation
A
adventure
ambitious
amuse
astronomical
audience
B
band
boast sth
C
character
cheap
comical
compare (to / with)
concentrate
consider
crazy
D
delighted
demand
E
entertain
exciting
expensive
experience
F
fascinate
frustration
G
H
hardworking
headline
I
immediately
impress
impession
include
independent
instrument
J
jazz
religion
religious
rise
S
salary
screen
similar
skyscraper
success
suit
T
Texas
U
unbelievable
N
necessary
M
misunderstand
O
offer
orchestra
P
perform
performance
pleasure
popularity
producer
R
realize
recognize
435
UNIT 16
BRUSH UP YOUR ENGLISH
Восполни знание языка
AGENDA
* Past participle
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Articles: general rules and
exceptions
Contact Clauses
(See Grammar Supplement, p. 582)
* Education. Colleges and univer
sities.
* Making arrangements.
Study unit 16 and roleplay.
At Sheremetyevo Airport
You are a representative of the Ministry of Education of
Russia. Mr. Carney, a professor from the University of Dublin, has
just arrived for the forum and the consultations with the Russian
colleagues.
You
Вежливо поприветствуйте
гостя.
Поинтересуйтесь, хорошо ли
долетел ваш зарубежный кол
лега и как долго длился полёт.
Сообщите вашему коллеге,
436
Mr. Carney
Ответьте на приветствие.
Скажите, что в самолёте
вы спали, полёт длился
недолго и не был утоми
тельным.
что вы забронировали для него
номер в гостинице “Россия”.
Предложите гну Карни
обсудить её за (over) ленчем.
Вы заказали столик на два часа
дня.
Поинтересуйтесь, когда ир
ландский профессор был здесь
в последний раз.
Расскажите гостю, что с тех
пор в столице появилось
(to come into being) много
частных колледжей и универ
ситетов.
Заметьте, что российские
вузы имеют больше сходства
со структурой Лондонского
университета, нежели
Оксбриджа.
Заверьте гна Карни, что вы
уже согласовали его встречу
с работниками министерства.
Section I
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Set 1
После короткого отдыха вы
готовы обсудить программу
рабочего визита (a busy programme).
Проявите интерес к недавним изменениям, произошед шим
в
рос сийской
системе образования.
Ответьте, что свою последнюю поездку в Москву вы
совершили в 1992 году.
Поделитесь
своими
взглядами на различия в
струк туре
бри тан ских
университетов.
Выразите
готовность
посетить один из учебных
центров Москвы.
Поблагодарите своего российского коллегу за гостеприимство.
WHAT HAVE YOU TAKEN UP AS A CAREER?
КАКУЮ ПРОФЕССИЮ ВЫ СЕБЕ ВЫБРАЛИ?
How to express the result of a past action
Как передать результат совершённого действия
1. Quiz “How daring are you?” Answer these questions as honestly as you can, but don’t take the test too seriously.
437
Note!
daring – дерзкий, отважный
Example:
Have you ever acted in a theatre?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t (have not.)
Yes No
1. Have you ever been in a fight?
2. Have you ever slept in a tent?
3. Have you ever cut your own hair?
4. Have you ever worn unusual clothes?
5. Have you ever been to a political demonstration?
6. Have you ever caught trains at the last possible
moment?
7. Have you ever driven at over 150 km. per hour?
8. Have you ever got frustrated with people who drive too
slowly?
9. Have you ever been in love with two people at the same
time?
10.Have you ever tried a «dangerous» sport like parachuting?
Check your score
1. Yes – 0
2. Yes – 1
3. Yes – 1
4. Yes – 1
5. Yes – 1
No – 1
No – 0
No – 0
No – 1
No – 0
6. Yes – 0
7. Yes – 1
8. Yes – 1
9. Yes – 0
10. Yes – 1
No – 1
No – 0
No – 0
No – 0
No – 0
Score analysis
810:
You are
a daring person.
However,
you
have to balance
risktaking with
good sense.
47:
You’re
realistic about the
result of any risk
you may take.
438
03: You are careful by nature. The trouble with such an attitude
is that your life may be dull and boring.
2. Ask your friend about his choice of the career and report his
answer.
Remember:
Example :
to take up sth – взяться за чтол.,
заниматься какимто делом
A: Ruth, what have you taken up as a career?
B: I have taken up dentistry as a career.
A: Ruth says she has taken up dentistry as a
career.
Law / acting / politics / biology / medicine / teaching / journalism / librarianship / broadcasting / beauty culture / town planning / physical education / hotel management / social work...
3. Give Russian equivalents to the following English
wordcombinations with past participle.
Presented [prIzentId] information, spoken English, a lost wallet, a
missed chance, a talented organizer, a qualified specialist, a
wellpaid job, a badlypaid job, an experienced doctor, an inexperienced [, InIkspIqrIqnst] teacher.
4. Which of them is more organized?
Look at the list of what Tom and Henry have had to do before
they leave for Oxford.
Make up sentences using
“already” and “yet”.
Examples:
1. Henry has already
been to Oxford.
2. Tom has visited
London, but he hasn’t
been to Oxford yet.
439
Henry
Tom
visit Oxford
fill in an important form
apply for a visa
apply for a driving license
book plane tickets
visit London
get a message from Oxford
get the passport ready
plan various excursions
borrow several tourist
guides to the area
5. Have you travelled much in your life? Ask your colleagues if
they have taken any trips abroad.
Example:
– Have you ever been to Great Britain?
– Yes, I have been there once /twice / many
times.
(– No, I have never been there.)
5a. Sum up the information given by your partners.
Example:
Tony has already been to Greece. He has been
there twice, but he has never been to Britain.
6. Ask your groupmate how many times this thing has happened to him and when it happened last.
Example:
How many times have you lost your key?
When did you last lose it?
a) drive a lorry
b) grow tomatoes
c) write a poem
d) sing “Santa Lucia”
e) swim in the ocean
f) break a cup, glass or plate
g) leave your home town
h) find any money on the pavement
i) watch a boxingmatch
j) go to a job interview
7. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Вы уже видели этот фильм? Когда вы его видели? 2. Ваш
коллега уже перевёл эту статью? Когда он её перевёл? 3. Bаша
сестра уже пообедала? Когда она пообедала? 4. Ваша группа
уже прочла “Тихого американца”? Когда ваша группа закончила
440
читать эту книгу? 5. Вы уже накрыли на стол? Когда вы
накрыли на стол? 6. Они уже получили квартиру? Когда они
переехали? 7. Отец уже пришёл с работы? Когда он пришёл?
8. Павел уже побывал в Америке? Когда он там побывал? 9. Вы
уже занялись социологией? Когда вы начали её изучать?
8. Read these sentences and say which of them describe:
a) advantages (+); b) disadvantages of each job (); c) either a
positive or a negative aspect to a job (?).
Remember!
challenging [tSxlInGIN] – трудный, но интересный
an opportunity – благоприятная возможность
a promotion – продвижение (по служ. лестнице)
It’s wellpaid.(+)
It’s challenging.( )
There’s a lot of job
satisfaction.( )
There are a lot of
opportunities.( )
You need good people
skills.( )
You need to be talented.( )
It’s badlypaid.( )
It’s stressful.( )
It’s hard work physically.( )
You work long hours.( )
You have to work shifts
(посменно). ( )
There are chances of promotion. ( )
8a. How can you describe the following jobs from the point of
view of advantages and disadvantages?
a dancer
a manager
a surgeon
a journalist
a librarian
an accountant
a social worker
a concert pianist
a supermarket cashier
9. Ask your friend when he’s going to start his professional
studies.
Example:
A. When are you going to start your history studies?
B. Actually, I’ve already started them. I started them last
month.
441
business studies/last term
social studies/in autumn
musical studies/6 months ago
architectural studies/3 weeks ago
Roman history studies/last year
computer studies/in September
10. Share experiences and impressions. What do you think
about these things?
Examples: Oxford is one of the nicest places I’ve ever been to.
This trip is the most exciting experience I’ve ever
had.
1. boring story / to read; 2. lovely novel / to enjoy; 3. nice holiday
/ to take; 4 stupid thing / to do; 5. interesting tourist sight / to
visit; 6. ambitious person/to meet; 7. remarkable piece of music /
to listen to; 8. amusing film / to see; 9. least useful course / to
take; 10. important lecture / to attend; 11. energetic person / to
know; 12. frightening experience / to have.
11. Read the expressions in the right column and learn how to
show surprise.
I’ve made a lot of mistakes
in my testpaper.
Oh, have you? Very odd!
It’s incredible! / It’s unbelievable!
Really? How surprising!
I can hardly* believe it!
11a. Pairwork. Discuss your strengths and weaknesses in
learning English. Substitute the sentence in italics. Use the alternatives below.
Remember!
*
to brush up one’s English – подзаняться
языком, восстановить свои знания
hardly – едва ли (наречие): I hardly know him. Я его почти не знаю.
Cравните с наречием hard: We worked hard. Мы много работали.
442
A. You’ve done well to brush up your English.
You sound almost like a native!
B. Well, not quite. I’ve missed several classes of late.
A. (express surprise).
Alternatives for partner B.
My vocabulary is still limited.
I haven’t read a book in the original.
I’ve been out of practice for a year.
I’ve had a hard time understanding people.
I’ve had trouble expressing myself.
I’ve had trouble with my pronunciation.
I’ve hardly been in Britain a month.
12. Open the brackets. Use Present Perfect or Past Simple.
1. Karen (make) four mistakes so far today. Yesterday she (only
make) two mistakes altogether.
2. Jack (never play) rugby in his life, but he (play ) football when
he was at school.
3. Hilda (not finish) her homework yet, although she (start) it two
hours ago.
4. We (already see ) that film.We (see) it when we were in London.
5. “... you (speak) to the American professor?” “Yes. I (speak) to
him before the lecture.”
6. I (arrive) in England last month, but I (not brush up) my talk
yet.
7. He (just graduate) from university. He (take up) medicine 7
years ago.
8. “When ... you (apply) for a visa?” “ I (apply) for a visa the day
before yesterday.”
13. Read and practise the following dialogue. Dramatize similar
conversations about the books you’ve read of late.
Note!
to be worth doing sth – стоит сделать чтол.
443
A. Have you read any English books in the original?
B. Yes, I have. Last year I read some stories by Graham Greene.
A. It’s incredible! Have you read any books lately?
B. I’ve just finished reading Hemingway’s “A Farewell to
Arms”.
A. Is it worth reading?
B. I loved it! I think it’s one of the best novels I’ve ever read.
14. Read this passage, open the brackets and speak about the
changes that have taken place in Jane’s life of late.
Well, for me personally, the most important thing is that I
(get married) and I (just have) a baby boy, called Darrel, who is
now one month old. He (totally change) my life. My life is also different now, because we (just move) to a new flat. Also I (buy) a new
car – a Volkswagen. It’s very comfortable for the three of us.
What else? Oh, I (find) a new job – it’s for a computer firm and I
(start) on Monday.
Set 2
How to show unfinished past
Как показать, что действие не закончено
15. It has been a long time!
Put for or since into each gap. For is used with a period of time.
Since is used with a point in time.
a) ... two weeks
b) ... half an hour
c) ... August
d) ... 9.15
e) ... I was ten
f) ... a long time
g) ... 3 March
h) ... ages
i) ... the beginning of the term
j) ... a couple of days
15a. Complete the sentence “I have been here...”. Use since
or for with the given expressions.
I have been here...
444
1. ... two months. 2. ... since September. 3. ... 1990. 4. ... last
year. 5. ... two years. 6. ... fifteen minutes. 7. ... 10:30. 8. ... about
five weeks. 9. ... the first of January. 10. ... almost four months.
11. ... the beginning of the semester. 12. ... the semester started.
13. ... a couple of hours. 14. ... last Friday. 15. ... a long time.
16. ... yesterday.
16. Fill in the blanks with “been to”, “been in”, or “gone to”.
1. “Where is Anna?” “She has ... ... the shops. She’ll be back
soon.”
2. “Have you ever ... ... America?” “Yes, I have ... ... New York
several times.”
3. We have ... ... this class since September.
4. The Browns have ... ... Paris for years now. They like it there.
5. John has ... ... Oxford in his car. He is staying the night with
friends.
6. How long have you ... ... this country?
7. I have ... ... Spain for a fortnight, but I haven’t ... ... a bull
fight yet.
8. The Hunts have ... ... Australia to live. They are going to be
happy there.
17. Can you say the same thing about yourself?
Note!
a joint venture – совместное предприятие
Examples:
( + ) – My uncle has travelled all his life.
– So have I. I have travelled all my life, too.
( – ) – Simon hasn’t had a watch for a month.
– Neither have I. I haven’t had a watch for a
month either.
1. They have always liked books on travel. 2. My friend has been ill
since last week. 3. He hasn’t attended classes in French. 4. The
Smiths haven’t owned a car since 1999. 5. She has been interested
in astronomy for many years. 6. Bob hasn’t had a driver’s license
for more than a month. 7 He has worked for a joint venture since
last December.
445
18. Ask your colleague how long
– he/she has been in class*.
– he/she has lived in Moscow.
– he/she has been interested in art.
– he/she has studied broadcasting.
– he/she has taken a course in English history.
– he/she has had this magazine / dictionary / album.
– he/she has been busy writing the article / operating the computer.
– he/she has been top of the class**.
19. For practice make up short conversations in the following
way.
Example 1:
Example 2:
he
A. Is Paul a professional musician?
B. He has been a professional musician for a
long time.
A. How long has he been a professional musician?
B. He has been a professional musician since
finished high school.
1. Do you know your teacher? (since I was a teenager)
2. Do you want to be an actress? (since I saw “Gone with the Wind”)
3. Does Max own a sports car? (since he won the lottery)
4. Are Robert and Ruth married? (since they graduated from uni
versity)
5. Are you having a headache? (since 10 o’clock this morning)
6. Does Natasha live in Dublin? (since she met Fred Heat)
7. Does Joe have problems with his leg? (since he fell off the bicy
cle)
8. Do the English class study Shakespeare? (since the beginning of
the term)
*
In class – на уроке, a class in grammar – урок по грамматике, What time
does the next class begin? Когда начинается следующий урок?
**
He’s top of the class. Он первый ученик в классе. Здесь “class” употребляется в другом значении – группа обучающихся: а сlass of 10 students.
446
20. Pretend that it’s ten or fifteen years from now. You’re walking along the street and suddenly you meet your old school mate.
Ask your friend
a) how long he has lived in...; b) how long he has worked as... c)
how long he has been married; d) if he has been interested in literature since he started working; e) when he took up his present
career; f) if he has often travelled in his job; g) what places he has
already visited; h) how those countries have impressed him.
You may finish like this.
A. Well, Alex, I’m afraid I have to go now.
We should get together soon.
B. Good idea, George.
21. Charles has come to Great Britain to train for a career.
a) Read his story, choose the right tenses and write out the text.
Remember!
a principal – директор, ректор
to give up sth/doing sth – бросить,
отказаться от чегол.
Hi! I (have come/came) to London in the
first week of June. College is OK, but I
(change/am going to change) from Design
to Engineering. I (’m/’ve been) interested in
Engineering for a long time, and I really
think it’s the right thing for me. I (’ve talked/talked) to two or three teachers about
it, and I (’ve seen/saw) the Principal yesterday, and they all say it’s OK to change.
Next weekend some of us (go/are going)
to Wales – let’s hope the weather is OK. I
(play/’m playing) tennis two or three times
a week, too. My new friends don’t smoke, so I (give up) smoking
and (feel) much healthier now.
Social life is great! I (’ve been/went) out every night this week,
and tomorrow I (have/’m having) a party in my room for my
friends. The only problem is finding time to work.
447
b) Questions.
1. Did Charles come to London in the second week of June? Ask
“When?”
2. Has the student decided to train as an architect?
3. We see that the situation has taken a new turn. Has Charles
decided to change the faculty? Ask “Why?”
4. Who has he consulted about it with?
5. Is he going to leave for home for the week end? Ask about his
plans for the near future.
6. Does Charles practise any sports? Ask “What sports?” “How
often?”
7. Has the fellow given up his bad habit? Ask “What bad habit?”
8. Has he got down to work yet? Ask “Why not?”
9. It takes hard work to pass exams, doesn’t it?
c) Look through the text again. Roleplay the following situation.
You’re attending a 6month English course at London university. When you meet Charles, you don’t recognize him at first. Then
you realize he’s one of the other students who were on an English
course with you a couple of years ago. Speak to your partner who is
playing the part of Charles.
You start:
Excuse me, haven’t we met before?
22. Write a short paragraph about any changes that have taken
place in your life in recent months. Read it out in class.
1. You’ve become a firstyear student. What university have you
entered?
2. What have you taken up as a career? Give your reasons.
3. Have you made the decision on your own or have you followed
your parents’ advice?
4. How many courses have you started so far?
5. Which of these courses is the most interesting you’ve ever
taken?/the least useful?
6. Do you smoke? Have you given up any bad habits yet?
448
Set 3
We’ve been practising for hours
Мы занимались часами
23. Work in groups.
a) Ask each other questions as in the example. Give as many
different explanations as you can.
Example:
A. Why are your eyes all red?
B. I’ve been crying.
C. I’ve been peeling onions.
D. I’ve been watching Love story on TV.
Ask why:
your hair’s wet
your eyes hurt
you’re out of breath
your hands are dirty
you’ve got paint in your hair
the house smells of garlic and onions
you’ve got oil on your hands
the carpet and floors are spotless
b) What do you think these people have / haven’t been doing
recently?
Example: He’s hot because he’s been running.
Tony is tired.
My dad’s back hurts.
He has got wet to the skin.
Eric isn’t going to pass his exam.
Janice has got a severe toothache.
Samantha has put on 6 kilos.
24. Work in pairs. Express an activity which has been going on
up to the present moment.
Example:
A.
What are your friends doing?
B.
They are arguing.
A.
Have they been arguing for a long time?
B.
Yes, they have. They’ve been arguing all day /
afternoon.
449
play tennis
revise for the exam
practise the guitar
learn irregular verbs
go to job interviews
queue for concert tickets
write invitation letters
get the flat ready for the party
25. Show interest in your partner’s recent activities and achievements.
Practise this conversation and roleplay similar dialogues using
the word combinations offered in task 24.
A. You look tired. What have you been doing?
B. I’ve been reading “War and Peace”.
A. How long have you been reading it?
B. For about a week.
A. How far have you got with it? / How much have you read?
B. Well, so far I’ve only read 150 pages.
26.
Listening.
Basketball
First round match
The City Slammers
versus
tournament
3rd December
The Cobras
Remember!
to annoy sb [qnOI] – докучать, досаждать комул.
exhausted [IgzL stId] – измождённый
unbeatable – непобедимый
Don’t take this the wrong way! – Не поймите это
неправильно.
a) Listen to the argument among the students. Match each
point on the left to the person who said it.
Jason Luke Sam
Lisa
1. I’ve been doing my homework.
2. I’ve been helping with the training session.
450
Jason Luke
Sam
Lisa
3. Has he been annoying you?
4. We’ve been practising for hours –
since nine o’clock this morning.
5. Haven’t you seen the notice?
6. They haven’t lost a game for two
years.
7. We’ve been playing well this season. We’ve won five of our matches.
8. We’ve only lost one match. And
we’ve been training hard since
September.
9. The City Slammers have been the
best team in the league for the last
few years.
10. I’ve been watching you for three
hours.
b) Listen to the recording again and arrange the following plan
in a logical order.
The team are playing the City Slammers in the first round.
The students have been practising hard.
Jason is late for the training session and it seems to him that all
look exhausted.
Luke has seen the City Slammers play a few times this season
and he doesn’t think the Cobras have a chance to beat them.
Lisa and Sam try to be positive and hope for the best.
c) Which of the sentences above relate to the main idea of the
conversation?
d) Think of the title to the text.
e) Simulation
Imagine you are the Cobras who are playing the City Slammers
today.
451
One of the students is a reporter who’s interviewing the team
before the tournament.
Prepare a few questions based on the text in advance and then
act out the game. Don’t forget to use “asking and answering politely techniques”.
You may start like this:
1.
2.
How many times have you played the City Slammers?
How long have you been …?
Set 4
A suitable candidate
Подходящий кандидат
27. Look at the application form.
a) Imagine the ideal job for which you’d like to apply. With this
job in mind, write your CV.
Curriculum Vitae [vi:taI]
Personal information:
NAME:
___________________________________
DATE OF BIRTH:
___________________________________
NATIONALITY:
___________________________________
ADDRESS:
___________________________________
TEL. №:
___________________________________
Qualifications:
1999
___________________________________
Professional experience:
2001 – Present
___________________________________
1999 – 2001
___________________________________
Other information:
452
EXPERIENCES
___________________________________
LANGUAGES
___________________________________
COMPUTER SKILLS
___________________________________
OBJECTIVE
___________________________________
b) Now write a letter of application. Group the facts about your
personality, background, and experiences. You may start in the following way.
As you can see from my CV, I studied ...
28. Applying for a job.
You’ve found a job vacancy. The career officer has got to ask
you a number of questions. Discuss if you can answer them easily
before you read the guidelines below.
Remember!
to be qualified for sth – соответствовать
требованиям, быть компетентным
в чемл.
1. Why are you interested in joining our company?
2. What do you know about the company?
3. What kind of position do you want?
4. Why do you feel qualified for this job? Tell me about your
experience.
29. How to succeed at an interview?
Look at the guidelines coming to most interviews and say which
of them are the most important.
Preparing for the interview
First of all, join a good library. Try to get information about the
company or the job you’d like to get into, as well as the names
of people representing this company.
Make a checklist of the questions you want to ask at the inter
view.
Write a resume [rezjV,meI].* By reading it an employer
should see your objective, and of course, what abilities let you
do that job.
* resume – AmE for Curriculum Vitae – краткое описание учебной и трудовой
деятельности
453
Attending the interview
Create a good first impression. Put on a suit or something
formal. Arrive in good time.
When greeting the representative of the company, wait until he
moves to shake hands. You should also wait until he offers you
a seat.
Try to stay positive and relaxed during the interview. Talk
freely about yourself and give reasons for your opinions.
Remember the checklist of questions you prepared before the
interview. Show you’re interested!
Don’t criticize former employers or fellowworkers.
You can talk over your salary but not until the employer has
introduced the subject.
30. You’ve come to a translation agency for a job interview. The
interviewer has looked through your application form and wants to
check the information. Answer his questions.
Come in. Please sit down. It’s
Mr. ____ isn’t it?
I see. You can speak English
fluently, _____?
You’ve been enthusiastic
about learning languages,
____?
You know the English termi
nology in your field, ____?
You enjoy working with others,_____?
You’re able to work overtime,_____?
You’ve always liked travelling,_____?
You’ve toured the USA, _____?
But you haven’t been to the Middle East, _____?
You can operate the computer,_____?
You attended secondary school and law college, ____?
You haven’t graduated from university yet, ____?
454
30a. On your own.
You’ve got all the qualifications needed, haven’t you? How
could you describe your three greatest strengths?
31. Complete the letter of introduction. Use the present tenses
with the verbs in brackets.
Arnold Stevens has taken a course in travel industry. Now
he’d like to apply for a post of assistant in The Vasquez Travel
Agency, 1402 Broadway, New York.
Remember!
a letter of introduction – рекомендательное письмо
willing – усердный
to deal with sb/sth – иметь дело с кемл., чемл.
Note!
to have a command of a subject – владеть какимн.
предметом
THE BOWKER BUSINESS INSTITUTE
600 Fifth Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10011
May 25, 20__
Dear Ms. Vasquez,
Thank you for your enquiry dated 15 May.
Arnold Stevens ________ (to be) a student in three of my
travel courses since the Fall 2002 semester and __________ (now
to get) his degree in travel industry. Mr. Stevens _________
(always to be) a willing and punctual student.
I __________ (to find) him an enthusiastic participant in class
discussions. He is a good communicator, and although he
__________ (not to demonstrate) any leadership qualities yet, he
______ (to enjoy) working with others.
Also Mr. Stevens __________ (to be able) to understand and
solve problems. He ______ (to speak) Spanish fluently. A perfect
command of the language _________ (always to help) him to deal
with various situations.
455
Therefore, I can recommend Mr. Stevens, without hesitation,
for the position of assistant in your travel agency.
Yours truly,
Paul Hoffman
Instructor
a) Questions.
1. Is Mr. Stevens a competent [kPmpItqnt] candidate? How
long has he trained under Paul Hoffman?
2. What does the instructor write about his student’s professional
background?
3. How does Mr. Hoffman describe Arnold’s personal qualities?
Does the letter say that the applicant is a good mixer?
(общительный человек) What other qualities has he demon
strated so far?
4. What do you think helps Mr. Stevens to deal with various situa
tions?
b) Present the positive and negative (if any) points about the
applicant to the group. Decide if he is a suitable candidate for this
post. You may need some phrases.
Remember!
to seem – казаться
Good points:
What I like about ... is that...
He seems very energetic.
He has excellent presentation skills.
Bad points:
I think he’s too old/young.
He seems inexperienced.
I’m worried that...
32. Match each verb in column A with a suitable word or word
combination in column B.
A
1. to fill in
2. to seem
3. to speak
4. to book
5. to work
456
B
a) smoking
b) for a new job
c) for a joint venture
d) an opportunity
e) a good command of English
6. to miss
7. to apply
8. to give up
9. to have
33.
f) an application form
g) French fluently
h) a hotel reservation
i) inexperienced
Listening “What it takes to be an astronaut” [xstrq, nLt]
Remember!
previous [prJvIqs] – предыдущий
to panic – впасть в панику
to board a spacecraft – сесть на космический корабль
calm [kRm] – спокойный
to carry out an experiment [IksperImqnt] –
проводить эксперимент
to urge sb to do sth – уговаривать, убеждать
satellite [sxtq,laIt] – спутник
a) Read the questions before you listen to the recording.
1. How did Helen Sharman learn about the unusual position?
2. How many hopefuls applied to become Britain’s first astronaut?
3. What tests did applicants have to take?
4. Was Sharman qualified for the flight? Why? / Why not?
5. What kind of work did the ladyastronaut carry out in space?
6. What company is she working for now?
b) Listen again and focus on Helen’s abilities that led her to success.
c) What arguments do you think Helen uses to urge schoolchildren to take up careers in science and technology? Add some more
to the following list.
Are both men and women equally capable of doing any job?
Are there a number of skills that women can master better than
men?
What are the jobs that seem to be unladylike nowadays?
457
Does the text show that the situation has changed in the last few
years?
d) On your own.
Describe your job opportunities by developing the prompts
below.
Remember!
to master a skill – овладеть навыком, умением
capable of doing sth – способный к чемул.
corporate [kLpqrqt] – общий, коллективный
1. Have you ever earned money? How did you start doing your
work? How long have you been keeping it?
2. What is more important for you in choosing a job:
a) the kind of work?
b) the salary?
c) it should be both interesting and wellpaid?
3. Your friend wants to work three hours a day after classes. His
mother feels that he should concentrate on his university stud
ies. His father thinks it’s good for a youth to work part time.
Whose viewpoint do you support?
4. What do you think about your strengths? Are you good at
English? Which of these skills are most important for your
future profession? Give reasons for your opinion:
a) computer skills?
b) spoken English?
c) good people skills?
d) a driving license?
e) presentation skills?
f) ability to organize a conference or some corporate
activity?
5. How much do these criteria matter in choosing a suitable candi
date for a job? Place them in order of priority.
1. personal qualities;
2. qualifications;
3. intelligence;
4. plenty of work experience.
458
Section II
EDUCATION. IT’S NECESSARY TO SUCCEED IN LIFE
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НЕОБХОДИМО, ЧТОБЫ ПРЕУСПЕТЬ
В ЖИЗНИ
The limits of my language mean
the limits of my world.
Set 1 READING
FOR DETAIL
Exchanging education programmes
Обмен образовательными программами
34. Read the following words and word combinations and
remember how to use them.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
to fall in (out of) love with sb/sth [fO:l InlAv] v. влюбиться в
(разлюбить) когол.: They fell in love at once; it was love at
first sight.
to enrol(l) in a course/a programme [InrqVl] v. записаться,
зачислиться на курс: She decided to enrol in the history course
at the local evening school. 17,000 students are enrolled at the
university.
to encourage [InkArIG] v. поддерживать, поощрять: He encouraged me to apply for the job.
to achieve [qtSi:v] v. достичь, добиться: The writer has achieved
greatness as he has worked hard all his life. achievement n. –
достижение: We felt a great sense of achievement when we
reached the top of the mountain.
in terms of [tE:m] n. с точки зрения, в смысле, что касается: It
sounds like a good idea, but I wonder what it means in practical
terms.
a degree [dIgri:] n. степень (бакалавра, магистра), диплом: To do
this job, you must have a degree in chemistry / a chemistry
degree.
to make a decision [dIsIZqn] n. принять решение: Who has made
the decision to leave for Austria?
459
a prejudice (against) [preGVdIs] n. предрассудок, предубеждение:
A judge must be free from prejudice.
to dispel (an illusion) [dIspel] v. развеять (иллюзию): She encouraged us and her words dispelled our fears.
to depend on sth/sb [dIpend] phr. v. зависеть от когол.: The country depends heavily on its tourist trade. (in)dependent adj. –
(не)зависимый
to upset (an idea) [Apset] v. опрокинуть (представление),
нарушить чтол.: He upset the cup and the coffee went all over
the floor. The sudden change of the weather upset our plans.
to make sb do sth [meIk] v. заставить когол. сделать чтон.: The
pain made him cry out. Can’t you make that dog stand still?
They made her wait.
society [sqsaIqtI] n. общество: Society has a right to make people
observe the law.
proud [praVd] adj. гордый, to be proud of гордиться чемл.: His
parents were very proud when he qualified as a doctor. We’re
really proud of our children.
a priority [praIPrItI] n. приоритет: Cars coming from the left have
priority. Have you got your priorities right? Правильно ли вы
оценили, `что более и `что менее важно?
35.
The English suffixes en, fy and ize form verbs from nouns
WORD
BUILDING
and adjectives.
Examples:
class – classify
классифицировать
active – activize
активизировать
to become strong – to strengthen
усиливать
35a. Read the verbs with the suffixes fy and ize and give their
Russian equivalents.
to specify, to unify, to ratify,
to clarify, to electrify,
to modify, to identify
460
to symbolize, to specialize,
to harmonize, to idealize,
to characterize, to nationalize
35b. Form the verbs with the suffix en and suggest their
Russian equivalents.
Hard, sharp, tight, weak, bright, dark, wide, soft, worse.
36. Read these international words and give their Russian
equivalents.
Function, discipline, barrier, reaction, naive, sphere, vibrant,
romantic, romance, ,economic, , academic, position, production,
illusion, incredibly, identity, , geographical,
, multicultural, , interactivity.
Here are two letters published in the American magazine
“Connections”, Jan. 1995.
One can seldom hear about the actual experiences of the people involved in the international exchange programmes. Student
exchangees tell it as it is.
37. Read the first letter, make up 3–4 key questions based on
the contents of the text and answer your questions.
Text A
The Other Side of the Moon
Cultural Note
Wyoming [waIqVmIN] is a US state in the Rocky Mountains
with the smallest population of any state. It produces minerals and
wool.
Part 1. “Why Russia?” by Susannah Smiley
“Why Russia?” Such was the reaction of many of my friends –
even my family – when I told them of my plans to spend six months
studying in Saratov.
My sixweek stay in Saratov last summer left me wanting
more. The first impressions were incredibly naive, romantic and
461
idealistic. I fell in love with Russia, it seemed to me so alive, so
vibrant.
At the time I decided to get back to Russia to study, I was
enrolled in the International Studies program* at the University
of Wyoming (UW), a program that strongly encourages student
exchanges. The idea of being a student in a foreign country was
very exciting and challenging.
The last four months have taught me much about the Russian
language, about life and about myself. I feel that now I have a
deeper understanding of Russia and her people, although complete
understanding is impossible to achieve. Russia still seems to me
very alive and vibrant, but this time it is alive with life and not
romance. I have not tried to understand Russia in terms of life in
America. Russia is truly its own place; the Russians are people
with their own identity. Whenever I notice differences or similarities, I wonder at how big life really is.
I enjoy my program of study at Saratov State University, and
the fantastic progress I have made gives me the enthusiasm to keep
up the pace. I leave here in December to finish my degree in U.W.
in May. After that I plan to go to law school, and, of course, I
would like to work with Russian. I consider my stay in Russia one
of the best decisions I’ve ever made.
Susannah Smiley
1601 Rainbow Avenue
Laramie, WY 82070
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Read the second letter, also make up 34 key questions
based on the contents of the text and answer your questions.
Cultural Note
Albany [O:lbqnI] is the capital city of the state of New York
in the US.
Part 2. No more prejudices by Irina Ryabinina
The Freedom Support Act Program has started functioning
* program – AmE; programme – BrE
462
just recently. As part of this program I had to live in the U.S. for
one year, stay with an ordinary American family, and attend an
ordinary high school.
My American experience has dispelled some of my illusions.
Now I realize that life does not only depend on the geographical
position and economic situation of my country. I believe in human
nature and the idea that a person builds a world around him himself.
My year in Shaker High School in Albany, N.Y., has certainly
had its ups and downs. Living without parents I had to learn how
to deal with difficulties myself. I met a lot of wonderful people who
upset my idea of a “typical American”.
My host family and friends made my stay in America very special. All of them were ready to help. It was really great to know
that my success meant as much to them as it did to me. I was fascinated not only by the Americans, but by American culture. The
multicultural American society made me think of my own country.
Comparing the two great powers, I learnt both to be proud of
my home country and to see its weak points.
The year in the States hasn’t changed my moral values. It has
sharpened my sense and set different priorities. I’m enrolled at
Saratov State University. This is a great achievement!
Irina Ryabinina
17/25 Universitetskaya Str.
Saratov, 410078
38. Tasks
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases. Use them
in discussing the texts.
Shaker Heights High School
Наполненный жизнью /
ро ман ти кой,
невероятно
наивное представление, идти
в ногу со временем, взлёты и
падения, справляться с трудностями, оча рован куль турой страны, великие
державы, слабое мес то,
463
обострило восприятие, переоценить приоритеты, это большое
достижение.
c) Pick out words and phrases describing Susannah and Irina’s
impressions of their stay in a foreign country.
d) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right.
1. competent
2. to encourage
3. impossible
4. achievement
5. an opportunity
6. a host
7. to give up
8. to make sb do sth
9. challenging
10. romance
11. to refuse
a) getting the result of action, esp. through
skill or hard work
b) to say no; to be unwilling to give/accept
c) difficult, but in an interesting way
d) a good chance, a favourable moment for
doing sth
e) to force or cause (a person to do sth/a
thing to happen)
f) the events that are happier and more
exciting than those of real life
g) sth, that cannot happen, or is hard to
deal with
h) to give active support to sb
i) to stop doing sth
j) qualified, having the ability or skill to do
sth
k) a person who receives guests and provides food, drink, and amusement for them
e) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and
phrases from the text.
1. He is not qualified to teach young children.
2. The supermarket is usually closed by now, but it may happen
that it is still open.
3. The Elliots are pleased/satisfied with the Mercedes they’ve
bought this week.
4. I’m surprised at how fluently she speaks Portuguese. She has a
good command of 4 foreign languages!
5. My brother’s got a whole set of the new stamps.
6. There’s a good chance of catching the train if you get a bus to the
station instead of walking.
464
7. A coach is the cheapest likely way of going to Europe.
8. Mary had to stop reading for some time. There was something
wrong with her eyes.
f) There are two English equivalents for the Russian verb
отказываться. Translate the following using the verbs to refuse
and to give up.
Refuse (disagree)
Give up (stop doing sth)
1. Она отказалась принимать участие в дебатах.
2. Я отказался отвечать на
этот каверзный вопрос.
3. Почему вы отказали ему в
помощи?
4. Он хотел на ней жениться, но она отказала ему.
5. Водитель пытался завести
(to start) мотор, но он не
завёлся.
1. В конце концов нам пришлось отказаться от этой идеи.
2. Ему пришлось отказаться от
занятий по болезни.
3. Все спортсмены переплыли
озеро, кроме двоих, которые
сошли с половины дистанции
(halfway).
4. Собака больна, она перестала
есть и отказывается даже от
мяса.
g) Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositions or adverbs.
1. When on the bus the girl gave ___ her seat to an old lady.
2. The price of the shares (акции) depends ___ the number of
people who want to buy them.
3. We think ___ the forthcoming trip ___ terms ___ money.
4. She gave ___ medicine and took ___ painting.
5. The book made me laugh ___ the main characters, but it made
Anna cry.
6. I’d like to enroll ___ the sixmonth English course ___ Oxford
University.
7. Her parents know why she has left home and there’s nothing to
wonder ___.
8. ___ the rush hour the Moscow Underground is alive ___
passengers.
9. Edward must brush ___ his French before he goes to Paris.
10. May I take the opportunity ___ thanking you ___ your hard
work ___ the project?
465
h) Leave out relative pronouns (относительные местоимения)
where possible.
Example:
The idea which she put forward was interesting.
The idea she put forward was interesting.
1. The fantastic progress that I have made gives me the enthusiasm
to keep up the pace. 2. I rang up the Manager’s secretary who did
our accounts. 3. Teachers advise students who have problems with
their studies. 4. Oxford is a town that I’ve always wanted to visit.
5. I know the girl with whom he’s playing chess. 6. The watch
which you are looking at is wrong. 7. It’s a book which can interest
children of all ages. 8. I gave him an envelope which he put in his
pocket at once. 9. Have you ever spoken to people who live next
door? 10. Here are the papers that you were looking for.
i) Add the missing relative pronoun or make a contact clause
where possible.
1. Where is the shop ... sells picturepostcards? 2. The woman to ...
I spoke was extremely helpful. 3. Do you remember the person ...
you have borrowed the calculator from? 4. These are the car keys
... you have lost. 5. Brazil ... is the world’s largest exporter of coffee, has high inflation. 6. The only thing ... keeps me awake is coffee. 7. The computers ... you ordered have arrived. 8. The candidate ... they’ve selected has lots of experience. 9. The chief is going
to promote Tim Lang ... only joined the company six months ago.
j) Explain the usage of articles in the sentences below.
1. ... lion is ... large powerful animal. 2. Show me ... map of Europe.
3. I liked ... film I saw yesterday. 4. We stopped in front of ... big
house. 5. When I entered ... room, I saw ... student sitting at ...
desk. ... student was making ... notes. 6. Is ... salt necessary for ...
life? 7. ... rectangle with equal sides is called ... square. 8. ...
health is more important to me than ... money. 9. It’s ... interesting work. 10. He spoke with ... enthusiasm which excited us all.
466
11. ... walls of his room are painted blue. 12. ... pine grows in
northern countries. 13. Pushkin, ... great Russian poet, was born
in 1799. 14. My friend, ... teacher of history, has won ... chess
tournament. 15. ... African elephant is taller than ... Indian. 16.
Yesterday I met ... friend whom I recognized at once. 17. ... butter
which is made of boiled cream tastes good. 18. This is ... most
popular play. 19. Bernard Shaw is .. most popular playwright in
his country. 20. Have they taken ... wounded to hospital? 21. ...
violin is a string instrument. 22. My father enjoys ... very good
health. 23. ... spaniel has long ears. 24. ... silk which is used for ...
aviation industry must be of ... highest quality.
k) Translate the word combinations with the verbs make and
do.
“To make” means to produce sth by work or action (make a
cake, make breakfast), whereas the verb “to do” describes a process or activity (do a good job).
make
money
noise
friends
plans
notes of
(the lecture)
a speech
a decision
a choice
a suggestion
a good pianist
the bed
a phone call
a reservation
an appointment
a discovery
do
business
homework
housework
one’s best
sb a favour
well in (exams)
the typing
the cooking
the shopping
l) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of do
or make.
1. Paolo speaks English fluently and never _____ a mistake.
2. Would you _____ me a favour and take this package to the post
office? 3. I always _____ my bed in the morning and _____ the
shopping after work. 4. I have to ____ my best to finish this today.
5. Please excuse me for a minute. I have to _____ a phone call.
6. Our company _____ a lot of business with Japan. 7. If you want
to see Dr. Smith, you have to _____ an appointment. 8. Rick decid467
ed to give up his job because he wasn’t _____ enough money. 9. My
husband _____ the housework, and I _____ the cooking. 10. I’m
going on vacation next week, but I haven’t _____ any plans yet.
11. Our neighbours always _____ a lot of noise on Saturday nights.
m) Look through the texts once again and answer these questions.
1. What were the reasons why Susannah returned to Russia? How
did she make her choice? 2. What idea of this country did she have
in mind after her first visit? 3. What life experience has the girl
had in the last few months of her longterm stay in Saratov? 4. Is
Saratov State University really a good place to start? Why? 5. Has
Susannah completed her course at Saratov State University yet?
6. What plans has she made for the near future? 7. Why would she
like to deal with the Russian language in her future career?
8. What educational programme did Irina enrol in? 9. How long
did she stay in Shaker High School? 10. What discovery did she
make when in America? 11. Did she make many friends there?
How did it happen that the people around her upset her stereotypes? 12. What made her compare America and Russia? What
sort of experience has she had? 13. Has Irina completed her course
in Shaker High School yet? 14. Why do you think Irina can make a
good teacher?
n) Give a presentation on the exchangees’ experiences. Justify
the following point:
Both Susannah and Irina have got their priorities right.
o) Figure it out.
Which of the two girls has made these statements? Explain their
meaning. Say if they fit in with your credo.
A person builds a world around him himself.
Russia is truly its own place. Russians are people with their own
identity.
Life does not depend on the geographical position and economic
situation of my country.
468
My success meant as much to them as it did to me.
Complete understanding of another country is impossible to
achieve.
Set 2 QUICK READING
AND DISCUSSION
Creating independent thinkers
Воспитание мыслящей
личности
39. Read some information about Trinity – one of the greatest
European centres of learning. Say if this university practises
newborn or old traditions.
Remember!
an aim – цель
knowledge – знание
to guide [gaId] – руководить
Note!
spirit – дух; spiritual – духовный
a campus – университетский
городок
a fellow – зд. член совета
колледжа
a tutor – наставник
The University of Dublin
Text B
Trinity
Man was born to build and pass on
his achievements to future generations.
The University of Dublin has four centuries of educational
achievement behind it. Since 1592 Trinity has had a particular vision
of what a university should be. There are three main elements to it.
The compact nature of the campus brings academics and students from all disciplines together day by day. Students have hot
discussions in an exciting atmosphere of productive interactivity.
It’s here that most students discover that they have begun to master the skills of university study.
469
The second element of the Trinity spirit is independence of
thought. The aim has always been not simply to transfer knowledge, but to create independent thinkers.
The third element, closely connected with the second, is an
openness to new ideas. This shows in a readiness to create new disciplines, to broaden the spheres of communicating knowledge.
The independence of thought and the broad vision have given
birth to many brilliant careers. The university has produced a
series of literary giants such as Jonathan Swift, Oliver Goldsmith,
Oscar Wild.
Trinity’s living tradition is a daily “Commons”, or evening
dinner, in the old Dining hall. For nearly four centuries students
and fellows have gathered to eat together each evening breaking
down the barriers between academic disciplines through spiritual
conversation.
Like Oxbridge, Trinity practises another longstanding college
tradition – the emphasis on tutorship. Each student has a tutor
who keeps an eye on his progress throughout his university career.
Tutors advise students who experience difficulties with their academic studies and guide them in terms of the many challenges of
university life.
Сultural Note
For 700 years the two universities – Oxford and Cambridge
have dominated British education and today they dominate more
than ever. Less than 1 per cent of Britain’s population go to
Oxbridge and make up one of the most elite elites in the world.
Oxbridge graduates often go on to become powerful in British society. Because of this, people consider Oxbridge as part of the British
establishment (правящая элита) and class system, and use the
word Oxbridge in terms of high standards in learning and teaching.
40. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the sentences in the text with the word combinations
and phrases below. Translate them into Russian.
Had a particular vision of, productive interactivity, to master
the skills, this shows in, to transfer/communicate knowledge,
470
breaking down the barriers, spiritual conversation, have gathered
together, a longstanding tradition, to keep an eye on sth, throughout his career, to experience difficulties.
c) How much do you remember?
1. When did the history of Trinity start? 2. What makes it possible
for students and academics to interact productively? 3. Which of
the graduates of the University became famous people of Ireland at
different times? 4. What do they call an everyday evening meal,
traditionally arranged in the old Dining hall? 5. What are the
duties of tutors in old universities like Trinity and Oxbridge? 6.
Why do people use the word Oxbridge out of touch with ordinary
people?
d) Reorganize the following plan according to the text. Pick out
one item which best reflects the main idea of the text.
1. Trinity has produced a series of outstanding literary men.
2. The aim has always been not simply to transfer knowledge, but
to create independent thinkers.
3. Three elements make up the “collegial [kqli:Gql] spirit”
of Trinity.
4. The University of Dublin observes longstanding college
traditions.
5. Openness to new ideas shows in a readiness to create new
disciplines.
6. Students have debates in an exciting atmosphere of productive
interactivity.
e) Give a summary of the original text using the key sentences
given above.
f) Figure it out.
Is it thanks to the particular vision that Trinity can boast its
high standards in learning and teaching?
Trinity preserves an antique way of life at the beginning of the
21st century. What does it show in?
Do all British universities keep to traditions of the past?
471
Is Trinity a democratic organization? Give your reasons.
Like Trinity, Oxbridge is very much like a federation of
independent “republics” – colleges. How does a collegial
university structure function?
Which of the points below prove that Oxbridge is a democratic
institution?
1. Colleges deal with their own projects and funds.
2. Colleges enrol students on their own.
3. Colleges interact with other state institutions.
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on Russian universities...
41. Translate the text about Moscow University from Russian
into English. Use the phrases below.
Mосковский государственный университет
МГУ существует с 1755 года. Мы связываем его историю с
именем величайшего российского учёного и поэта М.В. Ломоносова. В то время университет находился в небольшом здании
на Красной площади и по праву гордился первой химической
лабораторией, основанной Ломоносовым. С тех пор в жизни
университета произошло много изменений.
Если говорить о структуре МГУ, то она схожа со структурой
большинства британских университетов, где во главе факультетов стоят деканы и факультеты делятся на отделения.
Мы совершаем прогулку по университетскому городку.
Невозможно пройти мимо его главного здания. Это один из
семи небоскрёбов сталинской эпохи высотой с 32этажное
здание. В нём размещается огромное количество лекционных
залов, аудиторий, библиотек, лабораторий.
Ежегодно в университет зачисляются тысячи студентов,
желающих изучать иностранные языки. Обучающиеся должны
не просто овладеть навыками иноязычной речи. Дело огромной
важности – понять культуру страны изучаемого языка, чтобы
участвовать в межкультурной профессиональной коммуникации. Преподаватели МГУ иcпользуют аудиовизуальную
технику для создания на уроках непринуждённой обстановки
472
общения. Тем самым они развивают способность студентов не
теряться в реальных контактах с носителями языка.
(To exist, was located, to found, are divided into, a Stalinera skyscraper, is 32 storeys high, a target language, audiovisual equipment, an atmosphere of natural communication, a native speaker.)
a) Draw the chart of a Russia’s university structure. Supply it
with your comment.
b) Draw the chart of a traditional Oxbridge organization (preserving the antique structure). Supply it with your comment.
c) Compare the two university systems.
Section III
REALLIFE COMMUNICATION
Set 1
Let’s arrange a meeting
Договоримся о встрече
42. Read the following dialogues, report and dramatize them.
Remember!
to advertise – рекламировать
to make an appointment – назначить
деловую встречу
A job interview
Susan Lee: Hello, could you connect me with the Personnel
Department, please?
Operator:
Just a moment, please...Go ahead...
Ed Silver: Hello, Ed Silver, Personnel.
Susan Lee: This is Susan Lee speaking. I’m calling about the
Administrative Assistant position you advertised in
yesterday’s Daily Courier.
Ed Silver: Ah, yes, that job is still open, Miss. Lee. If you feel
that you’re qualified for it, we could arrange for a job
interview.
Susan Lee: Yes, Mr. Silver. I do have those qualifications and
I’m very interested in that job.
Ed Silver: Fine, Miss Lee. When would it be convenient for you
to come in for an interview?
473
Susan Lee: Any time next week, Mr. Silver. Mornings are usually
better for me.
Ed Silver: Umm ... say 9 o’clock on Wednesday.
Susan Lee: Hold on, I’ll check my appointment book... yes, that
would suit me.
Ed Silver: OK. See you on Wednesday at 9. Goodbye.
Susan Lee: Goodbye, Mr. Silver.
Questions.
1. What is Susan Lee phoning the Personnel Department about?
2. What time of the day suits her better?
3. Is this dialogue a formal conversation? Why?/Why not?
4. Pick out some possible ways of making an appointment from the
dialogue.
A business call
Note!
Leon Hill:
Secretary:
Leon Hill:
Secretary:
Jay Stewart:
Leon Hill:
Jay:
Leon:
Jay:
Leon:
Jay:
474
I thought as much – так я и думал
He’s on another line – он разговаривает по
другому телефону
Hello, Leon Hill here. I’d like to speak to Jay
Stewart, please.
Hello, Mr. Hill. Jay Stewart is in his office.
He’s on another line. Can you hang on?
Yes, certainly.
I’m putting you through to Mr. Stewart now.
Leon! Good to hear from you!
Hello Jay. I phoned you the other day, but
couldn’t get hold of you.
So sorry I missed you when you wanted to
contact me. You know, I was away all week.
I thought as much. Umm...Jay, are you
informed of that tricky problem of ours?
Exactly. Is this what you’re ringing me about?
Right. We must get together, Jay, and discuss
things in detail.
Good idea. We can make an appointment for
next week.
Leon:
Jay:
Leon:
sion.
Jay:
Leon:
Jay:
That sounds fine. I’m just going to be in your
area next Tuesday. Would you like to join me
for lunch?
Thanks for your invitation. I’d be delighted to
come.
Then we could have a bit of a planning sesIs 12.30 convenient for you?
I think that suits me fine. Still let me phone
you back Tuesday morning.
Please do. Looking forward to hearing from
you again, Jay, and thanks.
That’s O.K., Leon. Bye.
Questions.
1. Why can’t the secretary connect Leon Hill to his business
partner right away?
2. Is it Leon’s first try to get hold of Jay Stewart about that
matter? When did Leon first phone Jay at his office to make an
appointment to see him?
3. Was Jay busy last week? How do you know?
4. Do you think Leon Hill needs advice? Why? Whose experience
would he like to use?
5. Do the partners want to discuss the situation on the phone?
6. When and where are they going to have a planning session?
7. Are the men polite when they set up the appointment? Why are
the place and the time of the appointment convenient for both
of them?
8. Why then does Jay promise to ring Leon back?
9. Pick out some possible ways of making an appointment from the
second dialogue.
43. Make sure you understand phrases like these. Match the
words on the left with their equivalents on the right.
1. I’m putting you through.
a) Definitely!
2. Couldn’t get hold of you.
b) It’s convenient for me.
3. Let’s make an appointment. c) Have a sort of a formal
meeting.
475
4. Hold on!
5. That suits me fine.
6. Exactly!
7. Have a bit of a planning
session.
8. I’d be delighted.
d) I’m connecting you!
e) Let’s arrange an appointment.
f) I’d be very pleased.
g) I wanted to contact you, but...
h) Hang on!
44. Choose the most suitable phrases on the right and build a
telephone conversation.
1. Can I speak to Miss
Nelson, please?
a) You must have the wrong area code.
b) There’s no one by that name here.
c) Miss Nelson is not in now. She’s out
for lunch.
d) Who did you say you wanted to speak
to?
2. Miss Nelson asked
me to confirm the
appointment.
a) Don’t go away.
b) Who are you?
c) Hold the line, please.
d) Who shall I say is calling?
3. How about getting
together, Jane?
a) That’s O.K. with me.
b) I have no other way out.
c) That sounds terrific!
d) Not a bad idea.
4. When is it convenient for you?
a) Why not meet at the entrance to the
bus terminal at 8.30?
b) Is it all right if I pick you up at the
office at noon?
c) It really makes no difference.
d) Could it be Friday at three in the
afternoon?
45. On your own.
Act out the following situation.
You’ve read an advertisement in a magazine about a vacancy
for a sociologist. It’s the first interview appointment you’re going
476
to make and you even don’t know how to write a resume. Phone
your friend about it. Fix the place and the time of your meeting.
46. Read the joke aloud and report it.
JOKE SPOT
Appointments
A businessman was looking through his diary with his secretary.
As usual, it was very full with appointments from 8.00 in the
morning to 8.00 in the evening. When he read all his appointments
for that day, he noticed one name he didn’t recognize. “Who is
Mrs. Turner at 3.30?” he asked his secretary.
“It’s your wife, Mr. Turner,” she replied. She wants to talk to you
about your summer holidays”.
47. Roleplay the game on page 436.
Set 2
Business letters
Деловые письма
MAKING AN APPOINTMENT
ДОГОВОРЁННОСТЬ О ВСТРЕЧЕ
48. Read the following letter and translate the underlined phrases.
Remember!
to look forward to sth/doing sth – предвкушать, ждать
с нетерпением чегол.
Note!
agenda – повестка дня
Dear Mr. Ferry,
Thank you for your letter of February 2nd, in which you ask us
to suggest* a convenient date for our meeting next month.
Might we suggest next Wednesday, March 15, 20... ?
*
“To suggest” means to advise as an idea, to propose. “To offer” denotes
readiness or pomise to do sth.
477
Please feel free to choose whichever day suits you best.
We would appreciate if you could let us know your decision as
promptly as you can.
Finally we need your consideration on the agenda of the proposed meeting.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Lee Golden
48a. Simulation.
Using the standard phrases of inquiry write a private letter to
your correspondent.
Offer the date and place for a meeting, inquire what suits him
most and ask him what other information he thinks you should bring.
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 16
1. Fill in the blanks with already
suitable time
yet words
still where necessary.
1. My brother hasn’t graduated from university ______ . He’s
______ studying there.
2. Jane’s friends have ______ left for the lecture. She’s ______
looking for her notebook.
3. I’ve started learning German, but I haven’t got very far _____.
for since –
4. William and Carol have been married ______ 1995.
5. That theatre was closed ______ many years ago.
6. It’s two months ______ I started driving my car.
7. We have known the Smiths ______ 15 years, ______ they moved
to Bridge Street.
478
2. Open the brackets and put the verbs in their proper tense
forms.
1. This is the first time I __________ (to eat) so many hamburgers.
2. I _____________ (to support) “Dynamo” all my life and I’m
sorry they ________ (to lose) the game.
3. The other day my parents __________ (to buy) two interesting
pieces of furniture.
4. We are delighted to tell you that you __________ (to pass) your
exam.
5. My father _________ (to work) for the company for five years.
Then he gave it up.
6. She ____________ (to try) in vain to find a permanent job for
quite a time.
7. – What _____ you _____ (to do) last night?
– I _____ (to go) to the cinema yesterday.
– What film _____ they ______ (to show)?
– An American film “Jaws” _____ (to be) on. _____ you ______
(to see) this film?
– Not yet, but I __________ (to go) to see it next week.
3. Fill in the blanks with articles.
1. I’m scared of ____ dark. 2. _____ experience is _____ best
teacher. 3. He has worked in _____ radio all his life. 4. I don’t like
using _____ phone, I prefer letters. 5. One law is for _____ rich
and another for _____ poor. 6. ______ child needs plenty of love.
7. He has just asked me what time _____ lecture starts. 8. Harry
has no idea of _____ geography of _____ Scotland. 9. _____ Statue
of Liberty was _____ gift from _____ people of _____ France to
_____ people of ______ United States. 10. After his parent’s visit
the situation changed for _____ better.
4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. – Вы когданибудь были в галерее Тейт в Лондоне? – Да, это
самый интересный музей, который мне когдалибо довелось
посетить.
479
2. – Как давно вы её знаете? – С тех пор, как она стала заниматься литературой. Она всегда была старательной студенткой
и никогда не останавливалась на полпути.
3. – Вы cделали свой выбор? – Ещё нет. Всё зависит от того,
сколько готов потратить мой отец.
4. С нетерпением жду встречи с Джоном. Не помню, когда я
видел его в последний раз.
5. – Вы уже подали заявление о приёме на работу? – Да, на
прошлой неделе я написал резюме, а затем договорился о
собеседовании.
6. – Вы только что записались на курсы английского языка, не
так ли? – Да, я должен был поддержать друга, который предложил посещать занятия вместе. Подзаняться языком – это
отличная идея.
7. Он ждёт ответа несколько недель, но до сих пор не получил
никакого известия.
480
Word List (Unit 16)
A
achieve
achievement
aim
annoy
astronaut
B
brush up
C
calm
challenge
capable (of)
carry out
challenge
D
deal (with)
degree
do one’s best
E
economic
encourage
exhaust
experiment
F
fall in / out of love
(with)
former
function
G
give up
guide
H
have a command
O
opportunity
I
identity
incredible
in terms of
introduction
J
jont venture
P
panic
position
prejudice (against)
principal
priority
promotion
proud
K
knowledge
Q
qualify as/for
R
L
reaction
letter of introduction resume
look forward (to)
romance
M
make an appointment
make a choice
make a decision
make a discovery
make notes
make a phone call
make a reservation
make sure
master a skill
multicultural
N
naive
S
seem
society
spacecraft
T
take up
U
upset (a plan)
urge
W
willing
481
UNIT 17
SHOW REASON AND TOLERANCE
Все, что нам нужно – это разум и терпимость
AGENDA
* Future Simple. Future
modals.
If and whenclauses.
Future in the Past.
(See Grammar
Supplement, p. 591)
* The world conservation
movement.
* Discussing probability.
Study unit 17 and roleplay.
At the conference
You’re an ecologist working in Russia. At a conference you meet
an official from the British Embassy. You’ve touched upon a global topic – how to prevent ecological crises.
You
The British official
Начните разговор с обсуждения прогноза погоды на Узнайте у вашего собеседника,
как долго в Москве продерближайшее будущее.
жится холодная погода.
Ответьте, что за последнее
время зима в России стала Отметьте, что, на ваш взгляд,
теплее в результате глобаль- такие явления (phenomena)
как, например, пожар в тропиного потепления.
ческих лесах Бразилии, меняют климат на земле.
Согласитесь, что глобальное
потепление и кислотные дож- Напомните российскому экоди – это проблемы «без пас- логу, что в 1992 г. Великобритания принимала участие в
482
порта». За прошедшие 20 лет
они стали важнейшим аспектом международных отношений.
Скажите, что вы понимаете,
как трудно достичь согласия.
Попросите британского дипломата сделать прогноз относительно того, как будут
развиваться британско/россий ские
отношения
в
будущем.
Добавьте, что в следующем
столетии нации, наконец,
найдут решение злободневной (burning) экологической
проблемы.
Section I
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Set 1
конференции ООН по проблемам окружающей среды. Каждая нация выдвигает для переговоров широкий круг вопросов (to bring to the negotiating
table a wide range of issues).
Выразите уверенность, что обе
страны направят свои усилия
на достижение (cooperate
toward) бо´льшей стабильности
в Европе и мире.
Скажите, что вы не теряете
оптимизма на этот счёт.
WE’LL HAVE TO WAIT AND SEE
ПОДОЖДЁМ – УВИДИМ
Predict the future
Предскажите будущее
1. Prices of most things have gone up a lot in recent years. What
changes will take place in the next fifteen years? Can you predict
how much these items will cost in five years’ time?
a cup of coffee
a box of matches
20 cigarettes
a family car
a pair of shoes
1 litre petrol
a colour TV set
a quartz wristwatch
a stamp for a letter abroad
2. What do the stars say about next year happenings? Match the
words in the columns below.
483
Remember!
a scientist [saIqntIst] – учёный
You
The queen
will win
will be
famous some day.
in restaurants.
There
will become
much warmer.
Scientists
will make
on a long journey.
Life
will go
changes in our life.
Brazil
will eat out
the football championship.
More people
will get
different in many ways.
The weather
will have
remarkable discoveries.
3. Discuss the future events in the following way.
Example:
– Will the train arrive soon?
– Yes, it will. It will arrive in 5 minutes.
1. the train/start? (at midday)
2. the concert/begin? (at 7 o’clock)
3. your brother/get married? (at the end of April)
4. you/be ready to leave? (at 10.15)
5. you/see your parents?(next Saturday)
6. you/take you English exam? (in June)
7. Jennifer/start her own business? (next month)
8. clothes/be very different? (in the year 2025)
3a. Answer in the negative. For practice, use the sentences of
task 3.
Example:
– Will the train arrive soon?
– I don’t think so. It won’t arrive until
midday.
4. Pairwork. Talk to your partner who is interested in your predictions for the near future.
Example 1:
– Do you think it’ll rain tomorrow?
– Maybe it will, and maybe it won’t. We will
just have to wait and see.
1. Max will train as a pilot.
484
2. She will forget about you.
3. It will be very warm in spring.
4. John will apply for a new job.
5. We’ll do a course in ecology [IkPlqGI] next year.
6. You will move into a new flat.
7. He will need George to help him.
8. “Dynamo” will win the hockey match.
Example 2:
– When do you think you’ll make a decision?*
– In a few days.
1. make a choice
2. take the exams
3. enrol in an English course
4. graduate from university
5. plant trees on the campus
6. fix an interview appointment
7. go to Canada on business
8. create designs for the new
buildings
5. Ask your friend what he’s decided to do in the following situations.
Example:
A. What career do you think you’ll take up
after university?
B. I really can’t decide. I might work in mana/
gement, or I might travel around the world.
He wants to read some literature after classes. Will it be
professional literature or fiction? Ask “What?”
He’s going away on business one of these days. Will it be Mexico
or Japan? Ask “Where?”
He’d like to go out tonight, but he isn’t sure about the place.
Will it be a concert hall or a museum? Ask “Where?”
He’s planned to go on a picnic, but the weather forecast predicts
rain for today. Ask “When?”
He wants to invite guests for dinner, but he can’t decide what
time to fix for the party. Ask “What time?”
*
When do you think you will make a decision? Вопрос в вопросе, после
которого следует прямой порядок слов в предложении.
485
6. Read some of the scientists’ predictions.
“What will everyday life be in the 21st century?”
Remember!
garbage – мусор
a well – колодец
to cure a disease [dIzJz] – излечивать болезнь
close [klqVs] at hand – рядом, поблизости
to run out of sth – истощаться, иссякать
Where will we live and work?
By the year 2100 the world population will be 9.5 billion (6 billion now). Almost 60% of the world’s population will live in town.
We will live in neighbourhoods where places to work, shop and
play are close at hand.
Will we keep fit?
To keep fit, we’ll spend more time on bicycles. As we move to
the 21st century, most of us will have to keep away from our computer or TV to burn off calories. No matter how great are technologies, we will still have to go hand in hand with diseases.
The global AIDS epidemic will get much worse before it gets
any better. AIDS will be the major killer of young Africans.
Anyway there’s reason to hope that doctors will be able to cure
many diseases.
Will we still eat meat?
Around the world millions of
wells are going dry. Governments will act to cut these deficits by supplying water to grow
food, not feed animals. Meat will
become very expensive. Humans
will eat vegetables that use less
water and land and provide the
protein we need.
Will we run out of gas?
The earth’s supply of fuels will
last a long time. Humans will
keep warm, to light buildings
486
and operate computers, to power the cars that get us around, the
tractors that plant food, the hospitals that serve our sick.
Tasks.
a) Answer the questions listed in the text.
b) Ask and give more detailed answers.
1. Will the population of our planet be 7 billion? Ask “What?”
2. Will most part of the population live in the country? Ask
“Where?”
3. Will we need any special living conditions? Ask “What neigh/
bourhoods?”
4. Will we travel more by cars? Ask “How?”
5. Will diseases disappear? Ask “Why /Why not?”
6. Will cancer be the major killer of young Africans? Ask
“What?”
7. Will governments supply water to feed animals? Ask “What
for?”
8. Will humans eat more meat? Ask “Why / Why not?”
9. Will people experience difficulties with fuel? Ask “Why/Why
not?”
10. Will homes and factories use energy? Ask “What for?”
c) Choose the statement you most agree with.
Trying to discover new planets is vital for our future.
In 400 years we will probably colonize (заселять) Mars.
Intercontinental aeroplanes will travel at 3 times the speed of
sound.
What were considered science fiction films 20 years ago will
now be considered reflections of reality.
d) My predictions.
Imagine the future of your country. Try to express your fantasy
in words and make notes having in mind a few different aspects.
life style
food and health
education
transport
work
travel
487
Set 2
What will you be able to do?
Что вы сможете сделать?
7. What kind of an English teacher would you like to have? Place
the qualities of a good teacher in order of priority.
Example:
I’d like to have a teacher who will
explain rules on the spot.
Remember!
to protect [prqtekt] sth – охранять, защищать
the environment [invaIqrqnmqnt] – окружающая
среда
challenge students to talk in English;
discover what they want to do;
create a free atmosphere in class;
prepare students for working life;
cultivate artistic talents (for music/art);
cultivate a real interest in the culture of the target language;
teach students to protect the environment
8. Show enthusiasm while talking about your abilities, in the following way.
Last year
Example:
I couldn’t speak English fluently last year,
but I hope* I will be able to do it next year.
take up sports
pass a driving test
work for a joint venture
start my own business
*
Next year
go to Cyprus for a holiday
enter an agricultural college
understand the real English speech
read English books in the original
В современном английском языке для обозначения будущего после
“hope”часто употребляются глаголы в Simple Present:
I hope she likes (= will like) the flowers.
I hope the bus comes soon.
488
9. Read these conversations and dramatize similar dialogues
using the clues below.
A. I’m afraid I won’t be able to help you take photos tomorrow.
B. You won’t. Why not?
A. I’ve got to service my car.
B. Don’t worry about it. I’m sure I’ll be able to take photos myself.
1. cook supper / get tickets for a ballet;
2. do housework / make several business calls;
3. water the garden / have a game of tennis;
4. make arrangements for the trip / practise the piano;
5. write a letter / have a family reunion;
6. make a copy of this letter / translate an article;
7. get to the university / go to a job interview;
8. do the shopping / visit my cousin in hospital.
A. I’ve decided to practise English out of class.
B. That’s great! Do you really think you’ll be able to do it?
A. Yes, I do, but it won’t be easy. Do you think I’m making the
right decision?
B. I think practising English is a wonderful idea.
Remember!
pollution [pqlu:Sqn] – загрязнение окружающей
среды
1. study nature;
2. get married;
3. do military service;
4. enter Harvard University;
5. pass a special exam to be an ecologist;
6. take a course in linguistics;
7. speak against pollution;
8. get a driving license;
9. arrange for a job interview.
10. These people are at a loss in different situations. What do
you think they will have to do?
489
Example:
Arthur has to catch the 8.15 bus. It’s 8.20 now and Arthur
is just running out of the house.
Arthur won’t be able to catch the 8.15 bus. He will have to
catch the next bus.
1. Alice has to post a letter, but she’s got no stamps.
2. Richard has booked tickets for the Sunday football match and
his wife Martha – for the Sunday theatre performance.
3. Frederic has just broken his leg. He was planning to play
cricket tomorrow morning.
4. Mary likes to put cream in her coffee, but she’s only got tinned
milk in her fridge.
5. Your uncle needs to get to the airport as soon as possible, but he
has a flat tyre.
6. The young people have come to enjoy the party, but it’s boring.
7. Frank wanted to leave work early today to see a baseball match.
The boss asked all the men to do overtime.
8. My friends wanted to drive to the country, but their car broke
down yesterday. They’ve already booked two railway tickets
instead.
11. Encourage your partner who apologizes for something he
won’t be able to do. Here are a few expressions that might be helpful to you.
I’m awfully sorry!
Oh, that’s all right. It’s not your fault.
Forget it. It’s not important.
Never mind. It doesn’t really matter.
You cannot help it. – Ничего не
поделаешь.
Example:
490
– Sorry, I won’t be able to meet you at the
airport. I’ll have to fix my broken car.
– Don’t worry about it. You cannot help it.
1. Join you for the concert / study for the exam.
2. Come to your birthday party / receive foreign guests.
3. Make an appointment for 5 o’clock / work overtime.
4. Show the delegation round the city / go away on business.
5. Buy railway tickets tomorrow / wait for the plumber.
12. Here is a questionnaire that led to opposite viewpoints.
Read the answers and say if you agree with A or B.
1. We live in a computer age. Will there be another form of teaching
foreign languages based on technologies?
A. I think that the traditional language will still exist, as the
personal contact with the language teacher is very important.
B. I don’t think the traditional language will exist.
Those interactive programmes that we use with videos and
computers will allow people to learn foreign languages in a
different way on their own, so that you aren’t dependent on
teachers and other students.
2. Will English become more important than the language of the
native speaker?
A. English is very important as the language of intercultural
communication and it’s good to respect it and to hold on to it.
B. We should never forget about our own culture and tradi/
tions, because our national identity is, after all, far more
important.
Set 3
Share your future expectations
Поделитесь планами на будущее
13. Ask the other students to advise you on the coming holiday.
Remember!
an excursion [IkskE:Sqn] – экскурсия
491
Example:
1. where? Where shall we go?
2. seaside/mountains? Shall we go to the
seaside or the mountains?
1. this country/abroad? 5. hotel/camp?
2. when?
6. stay in one place/travel around?
3. how long for?
7. visit interesting museums and art
galleries?
4. fly/train/drive?
8. go on popular excursions?
13a. What did your friends say about the ideas in task 13?
Example:
seaside? / mountains?
Bob said we would go to the seaside.
14. Your friend has decided to go to the seaside. Use column A
to ask him what he will do in the following situations. Choose the
best answers in column B.
Example:
– What will you do, if the weather is nasty?
– I’ll visit a museum.
492
A
B
1. the weather is too hot
2. there’s a lot of rain
3. the sea is stormy
4. the beach is crowded
5. my friend doesn’t feel well
6. he/she loses his/her travel
documents
7. he/she leaves his/her
camera at home
a) report it to the police
b) ask where to hire one
c) go to a swimming/pool or a
sauna [sO:nq]
d) do the sights
e) consult a doctor
f) use an air/conditioner
g) go swimming and surfing
h) spend time in the fitness centre
i) visit it during the week when
there are fewer people there
15. Combine the following pairs of sentences using the words in
brackets. In this way you’ll get a short account of your travel plans.
Example:
We’ll be in Barcelona. We’ll visit friends. (while)
While we’re in Barcelona, we’ll visit friends.
1. We’ll be happy. The summer will come. (when)
2. You’ll leave. Don’t forget to shut the windows. (before)
3. We won’t go to the dining car. The train will start. (until)
4. The days will be hot. My friend and I will go to the beach.(if)
5. Will you enjoy yourselves? You’ll be away. (while)
6. We won’t play tennis. We’ll buy new rackets. (unless)
7. Samuel will show this card to the police. He’ll get lost. (if)
8. He will phone you. He’ll arrive in Moscow. (as soon as)
7. He’ll see Laura again. He won’t recognize her. (when)
16. Say what makes any сity attractive for a holiday.
Note!
hotel facilities [fqsIlItIz] – условия для
проживания в гостинице
a) What hotel facilities will you be able to use as soon as you
register at the hotel?
493
b) Which of them will you need if you’re on a business trip / on a
family holiday?
restaurant
tennis courts
fitness centre
cocktail bar
in/room safes
swimming/pool
conference rooms in/room hair/dryers air/conditioning
17. Say what might happen, if Mike doesn’t follow his friends’
advice when on holiday.
Use the phrases below.
Example:
A. Mike’s friends tell him he shouldn’t drive
so fast.
B. They are right. If he drives too fast, he
might have an accident.
Note!
to get cramp in one’s leg – сводить ногу
судорогой
1. leave home late / miss the plane
2. go straight to the beach on his first day
/ spoil his holidays
3. lie in the sun too long / feel miserable at
night
4. swim after a heavy lunch / get cramp in
his legs
5. drink cold milk / get a sore throat
6. eat too much chocolate / gain weight
7. sunbathe for hours / get a nasty
sunburn
18. Complete the following sentences and copy them out.
On holiday
1. If the weather is nasty on the day of our departure, ... 2. Before
we take a taxi, ... 3. As soon as we arrive at the airport, ... 4. While
I’m on holiday,... 5. I’ll continue to lie in the sun until ...6. My
friend will get bored if/unless... 7. I’ll have to go to the lost property office if ... 8. If I don’t get a letter from my parents till the end
of the week,... 9. My Mum and Dad will really miss me if/
unless...10. We’ll go home as soon as ...
494
19. Listening.
You’ll hear two people discussing their summer holidays.
Nepal [nIpLl] – Непал
overland – по суше
to save money – экономить деньги
hire [haIq] – брать напрокат
read up – читать что/л. для подготовки
to avoid [qvOId] sth – избежать чего/л.
a) Complete these notes on the main points by using a word or
a short phrase.
1. The best time to travel April
August
fewer tourists but …
better weather
2. Transport
fly
drive overland
much quicker
interesting but …
3. Accommodation
hotels
camping
comfortable but …
save a lot of money
4. Payment
in Britain
in Nepal
British money
might be …
5. Guide
a guidebook
read up
avoid hiring …
?
b) Listen again and describe various options that are open to
Susie and Max. Start every sentence with an ifclause:
If they visit Nepal in April, …
c) On your own.
Make up a chain story. One student says a sentence, another
takes over and so on. Summarize your partners’ story.
Examples:
1. If I save a lot of money, I’ll go to Miami. If I go to Miami, I’ll…
2. If George saves a lot of money, he…
495
20. Translate the following story from Russian into English using
the words below the text. Copy it out and report it.
Однажды я собрался ехать из Фрезно в Нью/Йорк. Перед
отъездом мне нанёс визит мой престарелый дядюшка, чтобы
предостеречь меня от опасности в пути.
“Как только ты сядешь в поезд, двое мужчин в форме войдут
в купе и потребуют показать билет. Не реагируй, это будут
мошенники.”
“Как я об этом узнаю?” – спросил я.
“Ты сразу поймёшь, ведь ты уже не ребёнок”, – заметил он.
“Прежде чем поезд пройдёт 20 миль, к тебе подойдёт молодой
человек, чтобы угостить тебя сигаретой. Скажи, что не куришь.
Сигарета будет отравленной.”
“Хорошо, сэр”, – согласился я.
“По дороге в вагон/ресторан тебе встретится молодая
привлекательная женщина. Твоим естественным желанием
станет познакомиться с ней. Не делай этого. Она будет
авантюристкой. Даже если она сядет за твой столик, не смотри
ей в глаза. Если заговорит – притворись, что глухой. Это
единственный выход.”
“Выход из чего?” – спросил я.
“Из создавшейся ситуации, – ответил дядя. Я знаю, что
говорю.”
“Спасибо, сэр”, – сказал я.
“ И ещё одна вещь. Вечером, когда будешь ложиться спать,
достань деньги из кармана и положи их в свой башмак. Держи
его под подушкой, голову на подушке и не спи всю ночь.”
Дядюшка ушёл, а я отправился в Нью/Йорк. Путешествие
было приятным, а опасения дядюшки совершенно напрас/ными.
(After William Saroyan)
(To warn against sth, to pay a visit, to ignore, an impostor,
doped, a diner, to run into sb, an adventuress, out of the whole
trouble, groundless.)
496
21. Roleplay the following situation “Will we be able to meet?”
Partner A:
Partner B:
You’re travelling to America
on holiday next week. This
means you will have to fly first
to London where your British
colleague lives. You’d like to
see him during your short stay
there. Give your colleague a
ring to arrange a meeting. You
start.
You work in the centre of
London. You’d very much like
to see your Russian friend using
an hour’s break for lunch, but
the journey to the airport takes
about 40 minutes. Perhaps your
friend could come into town to
see you.
Here’s some of the language you may need:
Partner A
Partner B
Look, will we be able to meet
next week?
It doesn’t look as if you will be
able to ... .
I am really looking forward to
seeing you. If you like, I can
...
That’s very kind of you, but
please don’t bother.
Shall I ...?
I’m sorry, but that’s not possible.
Do you mind ... (+ /ing)?
Do you think I could ...?
Thank you, I’d appreciate that.
21a. Describe how the situation in task 21 was acted out by your
colleagues. While quoting their words make use of the following
reporting verbs.
He / she
greeted her / him
reminded
asked
said
exclaimed
suggested
answered
apologized saying
explained
thought
invited
promised
497
Section II
HOW TO KEEP THE WORLD GREEN
КАК СОХРАНИТЬ ПЛАНЕТУ ЗЕЛЁНОЙ
Set 1 READING
Сooperation and consensus
Сотрудничество и согласие
FOR DETAIL
Tomorrow belongs to me
The Economist, Oct. 2/8, 1999
22. Read the following words and word combinations and
remember how to use them.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
attitude to/towards [xtI, tju:d] n. отношение, позиция,
подход: What is your attitude to this book?
flood [flAd] n. наводнение, половодье, поток: She burst into
floods of tears during the conversation.
to connect [kqnekt] v. соединять, связывать: The plumber
connected all the pipes and turned on the tap. connection n.
связь, родство: There’s a strong connection between smoking and
heart disease. in this connection в этой связи
to prevent [prIvent] v. предотвратить, помешать: Business
prevented him from coming. prevention n. предупреждение,
предотвращение: Prevention is better than cure.
sense [sens] n. ощущение, смысл: He had the sense not to
498
drive after hearing the forecast. sensible adj. разумный: It was
very sensible of you to bring your umbrella.
point [pPInt] n. суть дела, главное, пункт, аргумент: I’m in a
hurry, so come/get to the point. There were two or three points
in your speech that I didn’t understand.
to establish [IstxblIS] v. учреждать, утверждать,
устанавливать: His latest film has really established his reputa/
tion as a director.
to destroy [dIstrOI]v. разрушать, уничтожать: She
destroyed all his letters.
a gap [gxp] n. пробел, брешь: There are wide gaps in my knowl/
edge of history. It is necessary to fill up/ bridge the gap between
school and university.
to cause [kO:z] v. причинить, вызывать: What caused the
accident? The car has caused me a lot of trouble. a cause n.
причина, повод (для беспокойства)
consumption [kqnsAmpSqn] n. потребление: The car’s fuel
consumption is very high.
government [gAvqnmqnt] n. правительство: The Prime
Minister formed a government.
justice [GAstIs] n. справедливость: The police do all they
can to bring criminals to justice.
WORD BUILDING
23. The English suffixes ful and less form adjectives from
nouns. Read the adjectives with the suffixes ful and less and
translate them into Russian.
Examples:
hopeful (having the quality of...) подающий надежды
hope –
hopeless (without the quality of...) безнадёжный
/ful
Useful, careful, peaceful,
powerful, meaningful, purposeful.
/less
Useless, careless, aimless, senseless, powerless, motionless, purposeless, meaningless.
499
24. Study the verbs below and state the meaning of the prefix in
the following verbs.
Retell, reuse, rewrite, reread, remake, rebuild, recycle, rearrange, reconsider, replay, reorganize.
25. Read and translate the following international words.
, Technologic, protection, phenomenon, , transformation,
steward, ignore, , conservation, emission, context, industria, lize,
ton, , ecological, catastrophe, crisis, crises, , overconsumption,
co , operation,
bio, sphere,
, vegetation,
en, vironmentalist.
26. Study the information from the magazine “Newsweek”
(November 9, 1998) and answer the following question:
Is civilization in harmony with nature? Why or why not?
Cultural Note
Greenhouse effect (парниковый эффект) is a result of pollution. It causes global warming of the air because greenhouse gas,
esp. carbon dioxide [daIPksaId] (углекислый газ), collects in space
around the Earth.
Text A
The World Conservation Movement
When you think of the 21st century, do you see the best of
times, or the worst of times? Environmentalists are by nature optimistic, but they realize that the health of the whole planet will
depend on new technologies and a big change in attitude.
WHY HAS THE EARTH’S ENVIRONMENT CHANGED?
The year of 1998 saw massive forest fires in Indonesia, Brazil
and Central America; floods in China and storms in the USA.
Thousands of people died.
Many political leaders are beginning to see these phenomena as
connected to each other and to the way people live. The earth’s
500
environment has changed because of our careless interaction with
its resources. Jacques Chirac was right when he said, “Man has got
powerful tools, but hasn’t yet learnt how to master them and how
to transform himself into a sensible steward of the earth. Though
it is too late to prevent global warming, it is senseless to ignore it.”
WHO STARTED THE WORLD CONSERVATION
MOVEMENT? WHAT IS ITS POLICY?
This is the point of the 1997 Kyoto (Japan) Protocol – signed
by 84 nations, but not ratified by the U.S. Senate – which would
limit developed countries’ carbon emissions from cars and power
plants.
The World Conservation Union (the IUCN*) is the world’s
largest organization that sees a future in the context of the past.
After 50 years of work on the global level (it has established contacts with 139 countries) the IUCN must move ahead, focusing on
the five fronts.
THE ENERGY CRISIS There’s an old saying in English: What
goes up, must come down. Industrialized areas in Europe send
about 20 million tons of sulphur (сера) into the air every year producing greenhouse gases.
THE EXTINCTION (истребление) CRISIS Greenhouse gases
don’t only change the climate of our planet, but also mix with
clouds to form acid (кислотные) rains that kill fish and vegetation.
THE WATER CRISIS Pollution has put most sources of fresh
water at risk. It is destroying rivers, lakes and oceans that make up
95% of the planet’s biosphere.
THE SECURITY CRISIS The large gap between the haves and
have/nots will place natural resources at the centre of conflict.
Since the beginning of history, war has been a means of resolving
differences. But modern wars add to global warming and cause
ecological catastrophes.
THE CONSUMPTION CRISIS In our culture of overconsumption
we use more food, water and energy each day. If we do not get away
from need of things, we will be unable to resolve any other crises.
We must develop materials that are easier to recycle and to reuse.
*
The IUCN – организация была учреждена во Франции, и данная аббревиатура –
калька с французского.
501
Sharing his vision of tomorrow’s world
Kofi A. Annan, Secretary General of the
United Nations, said, “The UN will take
international cooperation to a new level
for the common good. It must be the
place where governments and organizations such as the World Conservation
Union can come together in partnership
for peace, for justice, for human rights
and for environmental protection.”
27. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases. Use them
in discussing the text.
Будeт зависеть от новых технологий, был свидетелем
сильных пожаров и ураганов, эти явления взаимосвязаны,
небрежное обращение с ресурсами, установить контакты,
превратиться в разумного хозяина земли, суть протокола,
ограничило бы выделение углерода, подвергать риску, пропасть
между имущими и неимущими, средство разрешения
противоречий, избавиться от вещизма, на общее благо.
c) Pick out words and phrases relating to ecology.
d) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right.
1. to prevent
2. attitude
3. destruction
4. to establish
5. sensible
6. flood
7. to cause
8. a gap
9. to connect
10. a consumer
502
a) to join one object to another, to unite
b) a user of material things and services
c) an empty space between two objects or two
parts of an object
d) to call forth, to bring about, to make some
event happen
e) a way of feeling or thinking about sth or sb,
position, opinion
f) reasonable, having or showing good sense
g) to found, to set up, to put beyond doubt
h) act of destroying
i) to keep sth from happening
j) a great overflow of water
e) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and
phrases from the text.
1. The river outflows every spring.
2. The fire ruined most of the building.
3. What is the company’s position on this question?
4. This town has very good railway and road links with the coast.
5. What can we do to stop this disease spreading?
6. He refuses to pay, but perhaps you can make him behave
reasonably.
7. I didn’t see the main idea of his last remark.
8. He has been unable to make certain of the truth of her story.
9. The government must encourage the creation of new industry.
10. There’s a great break between what the country produces and
what it consumes.
f) There are two English equivalents for the Russian word
причина. Translate the following using the words a cause and a
reason.
Cause (of)
(sth, which produces
a result)
1. Лёд на дороге был причиной аварии.
2. Причиной несчастного
случая был густой туман.
3. Причиной половодья был
сильный дождь.
4. Главная причина преступлений – это бедность и
безработица.
Reason (for)
(sth, which explains or excuses
an action)
1. Он отказался объяснить причину их отсутствия.
2. Никогда не опаздывайте без
причин.
3. Этот человек стал причиной,
по которой мы собрались.
4. Причиной моего молчанья
было желание сделать вам сюрприз.
g) Become, get, go, grow and turn can all be used to talk
about changes of state. Translate the following sentences from
English into Russian and remember how to use these verbs.
Become + most types of adjectives and noun phrases
503
1. The sky became cloudy. 2. It was becoming very dark. 3. What do
you have to do to become a pilot? 4. He became king at the age of 17.
5. We’ll soon become acclimatized to the warmer weather. 6. It
became clear that he was lying. 7. After her father’s death she
became the richest woman in the world.
{
Get +
adjectives old, tired, ill. It is less formal than “become”
infinitive (to talk about a gradual change)
1. The food is getting old. 2. The cat’s getting too old to catch any
mice. 3. You get younger every day. 4. He’s getting better (after an
illness). 5. They got married in 1986, and got divorced two years
later. 6. She’s nice when you get to know her. 7. After a few weeks
I got to like the job better.
{
Go +
colour adjectives
(when the change in colour is not long/lasting)
other adjectives
(to show changes in quality for the worse)
1. Leaves go brown in autumn. 2. The policeman went white with
anger. 3. Her hair has gone grey. 4. His face went red when they
made fun of him. 5. He went bald in his twenties. 6. The meat has
gone bad. 7. The company has gone bankrupt.
Grow + adjectives (to show a slow and gradual change.
It is not so informal as “go”.)
1. She’s growing fat. 2. The noise grew louder. 3. It’s growing dark.
4. The sound of the music grew faint. 5. When they grew rich, they
began to drop their old friends. 6. Without noticing it he grew old.
7. As the weather grows colder, your thoughts turn to holidays in
the sun.
Turn + adjectives of colour (to show striking changes of state)
1. In autumn the leaves turn yellow. 2. This hot sun will turn the
504
grass brown. 3. She suddenly turned pale when she heard the bad
news. 4. The milk will turn sour if you don’t put it in the fridge.
5. He turns nasty after he’s had a couple of drinks. 6. She turned
bright red and ran out of the room.
h) Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Становится прохладно. 2. Она хочет стать экономистом.
3. Если вам станет хуже, вызовите врача. 4. Когда он получил
неприятное известие, то внезапно побледнел. 5. Мы забыли
поставить суп в холодильник, и он прокис. 6. Смотрите, Джон
стал совсем седым. 7. Звуки музыки становились всё громче.
8. Она покраснела, услышав своё имя. 9. Когда вы лучше
узнаете их, то всё поймёте.
i) Look through the text once again and answer these questions.
1. What have environmentalists come to realize? 2. Why has the
Earth’s environment changed? Can you list any examples? 3. What
did Jacques Chirac say about global warming? 4. What’s the point
of the Kyoto Protocol? 5. What policies does the IUCN concentrate
on? 6. What causes pollution? 7. Why is throwing toxic chemicals
into a river a risky thing to do? 8. What makes modern wars dangerous? 9. Can we prevent the consumption crisis? 7. What is the
role of the UN in the World Conservation Movement?
j) Give a presentation on the origin of the IUCN. Focus on the
biggest challenges facing the world’s nations.
28. Comment on the opinions formed by separate personalities.
Some experts believe that although the 20th/century lived with
the nuclear bomb [bPm], there was great economic and scientific
progress and much human happiness. The same can be true in the
next century.
The world’s greatest living botanist Peter Raven developed the
concept of coevolution. It demonstrates that living things can only
evolve in contact with one another. Is it a forceful argument?
505
While discussing the statements above you may need the following arguments.
Unless things change,
1. forests might turn into desert in the next half/century;
2. litter might make the city dirty and spoil the view;
3. pollution might hurt people’s lungs (лёгкие);
4. pesticides [pestIsaIdz] might end up in our food and
cause health problems.
29. Translate the following text from Russian into English using
the phrases below.
Будущее нашей планеты
Мы живём в прогрессивное время. Уже сейчас учёным удалось предсказать, какова будет жизнь в следующем столетии.
Автоматизация решит проблему безработицы и предоставит людям больше свободного времени для отдыха. Компьютеры заменят людей многих профессий, расширят способность
врачевания болезней. Однако компьютерная технология – это
не панацея от всех бед. Даже компьютерная диагностика имеет
свои пределы.
Отношение людей к природе изменится, они будут заботиться о ней. Пока мы сделали очень мало для сохранения природных ресурсов. Если положение вещей останется прежним,
то загрязнение окружающей среды причинит всем нациям
огромный ущерб.
Понятно, что в одиночку ни одно правительство не сможет
предотвратить экологическую катастрофу, так как государство
не сможет закрыть свои границы от загрязнения извне.
Необходимо восполнить знания населения об охране окружающей среды. ЮНЕСКО и другие международные организации
будут бороться за установление мирных отношений с
окружающей средой.
Причина для оптимизма – это здравый смысл людей, которые осознают, что другого выбора нет, и будут действовать ради
общего блага.
506
(As early as today, automation, to replace sb, to extend the ability,
diagnostics, will never be a cure/all for sth, a border, common
sense.)
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on the ecological situation in Russia...
30. Study the following facts.
1. Burning coal has made the Chinese people warm in winter.
However, China has become the world’s largest producer of the
greenhouse gases that cause global warming.
2. The Americans lead the world in greenhouse/gas production
mainly because of their passion for cars (the source of almost
40% of US emissions).
3. After a fire at a nuclear plant near Chernobyl in the Ukraine in
1986 radiation polluted water and farm animals in large areas of
Europe.
a) Society cannot be indifferent to what happens elsewhere.
What do you think about the advantages and disadvantages of
building nuclear power stations?
b) Describe the state of things with the protection of environment in your country.
What will we have to do to keep our planet green?
a) control litter and throw away less paper;
b) recycle paper and give it a second life;
c) place litter in special garbage cans;
d) take used oil to service stations for recycling;
e) save forests (absorbing the gas) and limit emission;
f) clean lakes and rivers;
g) get more energy from the sun and the wind;
h) develop businesses according to nature.
31. Read the joke aloud and report it. Make a note of one or two
key words, if necessary.
507
JOKE SPOT
Automation
It was the first commercial flight to Mars. Fifty specially selected
passengers got into the space/shuttle. The shuttle took off, there
was a lot of noise for one minute and then there was silence. Out of
their windows, the passengers could see the Earth get smaller and
smaller. Then they heard a voice.
“Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the first commercial flight to Mars. As you probably know, this space/shuttle is
completely controlled by robots so that you can be sure that nothing will go wrong .....go wrong.....go wrong.....go wrong.....go
wrong.....”
Set 2 QUICK READING
AND DISCUSSION
Will everyone be happy?
Будут ли люди счастливы?
32. Read an extract from the drama by the American playwright
Lee Blessing.
The action of the play takes place in Geneva. Walking in the
woods are John Honeyman and Andrey Botvinnik – diplomats from
America and Russia. In this extract Mr. Honeyman tells his American
colleague what happened to him that morning.
Be ready to answer the following question.
Did the American diplomat get a culture shock?
What makes you think so?
Cultural Note
Culture shock is the shock of misunderstanding a different
and unfamiliar culture.
You may need the following words.
strict – строгий
gum wrapper – обёртка от жевательной резинки
stare at sb – пристально смотреть на кого/л., таращить глаза
508
yell at sb – вопить, (за)кричать на кого/л.
precious [preSqs] – драгоценный
to push sb – толкнуть кого/л.
insane [InseIn] – ненормальный
Text B
Walking in the Woods
Honeyman throws the flowers to the ground but Botvinnik picks
them up.
B.:
You must control yourself. Switzerland has strict laws
about littering.
H.: I know. I was almost arrested for it this morning
B.:
You were? Really? Tell me about it.
H.: I threw a gum wrapper on the sidewalk, and suddenly there
was this very old man beside me, yelling at me in German.
He was trying to make me stop. I speeded up – I didn’t know
who he was.
B.:
Go on.
H.: He yelled at me louder – in French this time. I stopped and
stared at him. I didn’t say anything, I just stared. He kept
on yelling, only he switched to Italian. Finally I said, “I
don’t speak Italian”, and he went back to French.
B.:
No.
H.: Yes! I said, “I don’t speak French,” and he went back to
German.
B.:
Really?
H.: Yes! So I yelled back at him: “I don’t speak French, German
509
or Italian! I’m American, damn it! What the hell do you
want?!” And he turned and pointed at my gum wrapper.
And then I saw he was a cop. He was a Swiss policeman.
B.:
Oh, dear.
H.: And he tried to drag me back to this gum wrapper. I said,
“Tell me what you want,” and he said, “Aufheben!” The
paper.”Aufheben!”
B.:
Pick it up.
H.: Exactly.
B.:
And did you?
H.: No, I didn’t pick it up.
B.:
Really? Why not?
H.: Would you?
B.:
Of course.
H.: Well, I didn’t. I wanted to say, “ Look – I spend all day,
every day, working to prevent the total destruction of
every living thing on this planet. The whole planet, even
Switzerland. I’m trying to preserve the last few precious
days of life you may have coming to you. But I can’t do it if
I’m not allowed to throw gum wrappers on the sidewalk. Do
you understand? It’s too much pressure! I can’t worry about
everything!”
B.:
But you didn’t say that.
H.: No. I said, “I’m a very important person.”
B.:
What did he say to you?
H.: “Aufheben!”
B.:
And you said?
H.: No! Then he tried to arrest me. By this time people were
stopping, looking at me and shaking their heads.
B.:
Congratulations! An international incident!
H.: Anyway, he tried to push me again, and I ... I don’t know
why I did this, but actually ... I pushed him.
B.:
Did you hurt him?
H.: No, he didn’t even fall over. But the others – the people
around us – they were shocked. The old cop stared at me
like I was insane.
B.:
You were.
H.: So I quickly took out my identification, held it open and
said, “Diplomat” and pointed to myself. I kept saying, “It’s
510
all right – I’m a diplomat,” but the circle of people got
wider and wider, and the cop turned and walked away from
me as fast as he could. And everyone else did the same. I’ve
never behaved that way in public before.
B.:
You were having a bad day.
33. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the sentences with the following word combinations and
translate them into English.
Strict laws about littering, I speeded up, he kept on yelling,
switched to Italian, I didn’t pick it up, shaking their heads, an
international incident, held it open, got wider and wider, as fast as
he could.
c) How much do you remember?
1. Why did the Swiss policeman want to arrest Mr. Honeyman?
2. Why didn’t the American diplomat answer when the Swiss
policeman tried to stop him? Did the man in the uniform act in
a friendly way?
3. Did John make one single mistake? What was his worst mistake?
4. What was the reaction of the crowd?
5. Do we know Mr. Botvinnik’s attitude to the incident? How did
he characterize John’s behaviour?
d) Figure it out.
Did Mr. Honeyman understand the differences in culture
between his country and the country he was working in?
If the American diplomat was a polite and educated man, then
he broke Swiss law on purpose, didn’t he?
Characterize John’s state of mind. What was he thinking about?
Was he right when he said that there was too much pressure?
What gave him quite a shock?
Was John able to understand the reason for his anger?
Point out two most important factors which could make John
lose control and, in fact, caused the stress situation:
– someone’s aggressive actions;
511
– pressure from the chief;
– cultural misunderstanding;
– too much work.
34. Do this cultural test to find out how well you know yourself
and if you try to understand other people and their way of thinking.
Tick (V) letters a, b or c.
Remember!
rude – грубый
quarrel [kwPrql] – ссора
Note!
to socialize – проводить время в дружеском общении
spontaneously – непринужденно
a) Ask your partner if he ...
... prefers socializing a lot.
Example:
Do you prefer socializing a lot?
a
b
c
Very often
Not much
From time to time
... is more reserved than most people.
... he looks for a quiet corner when
at a party
a
b
c
Not at all
Like many others
All the time
a
b
c
Never
Sometimes
Often enough
... feels relaxed in the company of
strangers.
a
b
c
Yes
It depends
Never
... spontaneously introduces himself
to newcomers at social gatherings.
a
b
c
Always
If in the mood
Rarely
... often loses control of his emotions and gets angry with others.
a
b
c
Almost never
Sometimes
Rather often
... often breaks contacts with people.
512
... feels he had better start a discussion than a quarrel.
a
b
c
Strongly
In two minds
Prefer attack
... gets angry when he hears what
certain politicians say on TV.
a
b
c
Very seldom
It depends
Regularly
... can be critical of himself.
a
b
c
As a rule
Sometimes
Almost never
... criticizes his colleague when something goes wrong.
a
b
c
How come?
If necessary
As a rule
... returns fire when somebody is
rude to him.
a
Fight back but differently
Very rarely
Often
b
c
b) Count your score. Give yourself 2 points for a; 1 point goes
for b and 0 – for c.
c) Check your answers.
Fantastic! 15–22 show that you are an easy/going person and you
know how to avoid personal conflicts.
Not bad! 8–14 show that you are able to communicate differently
in different situations. The rise in anger is always based on misunderstanding.
Attention! 0–7 say that you should be more perceptive to any
other views and mentality and learn to control your emotions.
d) Discuss the results you’ve got. Do you agree or disagree with
them?
35. Analyze the situations when you experienced a culture
shock.
513
What made you feel angry / feel blue? Was it because ...
1. the information seemed strange to you?
2. you didn’t understand the meaning of some words?
3. the partner was rude?
4. the system of values was quite different?
5. the facts were completely new?
6. you disliked the way the person argued?
7. people said shocking things just to get a reaction?
Section III
REALLIFE COMMUNICATION
Set 1
Do you think it’ll get warmer?
Думаете, что потеплеет?
In Britain the weather changes very quickly. The British say
that other countries have a climate, and in Britain they have
weather. Weather is a safe topic for conversation. It’s probably the
weather that has shaped English character.
36. Often we have no control over future events. But we can try
to predict if something might happen or not. Study some ways of
stating probability.
(+) YES, DEFINITELY
(+?) YES, PROBABLY
(??) PERHAPS
I’m sure it will …It’ll be …
all day tomorrow.
I expect it will … It’s get/
ting … already.
It might possibly …
There’s a chance it’ll …
(/?) NO, PROBABLY NOT
I doubt [daVt] if it will …
(/) NO, DEFINITELY NOT
Of course, it won’t …
I’m absolutely sure it won’t …
37. Read, dramatize and report the following conversation.
a) Note which of the expressions above were used by a separate partner.
514
b) Fill in the blanks in task 36 with the suitable words from the
dialogue.
Remember!
weather forecast – прогноз погоды
Note!
to wrap [rxp] up warm – одеваться тепло, укутываться
fairly mild – довольно мягкий
Discussing the weather
James Preston:
Bob Troy:
James Preston:
Bob Troy:
James Preston:
Bob Troy:
James Preston:
Lovely day, isn’t it? Fairly mild for this time
of year.
Hmm, it’s quite nice now, but I’m sure it will
rain soon. I’ve got my umbrella with me, just
in case.
Well, it could turn out warm and sunny. Our
English weather is so changeable, you can
never be too sure.
I expect it’ll be cold and dull all day tomorrow.
It’s getting cool already. What kind of
weather do you prefer?
I like all sorts of weather, but it gets on my
nerves when it’s windy! By the way, I was
planning to go to the sea/side for the weekend.
Hmm, I don’t know, but it might possibly be
windy tomorrow. Wrap up warm. There’s no
bad weather, there are bad clothes.
It’s 11 o’clock now. I’ll turn on the radio, let’s
listen to the weather forecast.
Questions.
1. What makes James Preston feel happy about today’s weather?
2. Why has Bob Troy got his umbrella with him? Is he sure that
it’ll rain soon? What are his exact words?
3. Which of the two men worries about probable weather changes?
Why?
4. Does James’s viewpoint change Bob’s attitude? Why does Bob
still think there’s little chance of enjoying good weather? List
515
his exact words.
5. Why does Bob give James advice about warm clothes?
38. Listening.
You’ll hear a broadcast about the weather that Bob and James
listened to on the radio.
a) Read the following statements and decide if they are true or
false.
Remember!
to spread [spred] – распространяться
westerly (of the wind) – с запада
12 degrees Centigrade – 12 градусов по Цельсию
The radio transmits the details of the weather for the whole of
England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
Tomorrow will start off dry and bright in most areas.
By midday there will be quite a wind.
You can expect some rain and easterly winds in most places in
the afternoon.
The temperature will be lower than yesterday.
In the evening Southern England will see the best of tomorrow’s
weather.
b) Listen to the recording again and pool the information about
weather changes during the day.
1. What has the radio forecast promised for tomorrow morning /
midday / afternoon / late afternoon / evening?
2. Will holiday/makers see much of the sun tomorrow? Why? /
Why not?
3. The weather is often different from the forecast. Do you think
it will upset James’s plans?
4. As you remember, both James Preston and Bob Troy gave their
weather predictions. Which of the men turned out more realistic, in your opinion? Why?
516
39. Predict the weather where you are.
a) Make sure you understand phrases like these. Match the
words on the left with their Russian equivalents on the right.
1. The weather is improving.
a) Думаю, что будет стоять
хорошая погода.
2. It’s beginning to drizzle.
b) 30 градусов тепла в тени.
Температура повышается.
3. I think it will continue (keep) c) Всё ещё идёт сильный
fine.
дождь.
4. It will turn out a wet day. It d) Не попади под дождь (ливень)!
won’t keep fine.
Ты промокнешь насквозь.
5. The rain is still falling.
e) Погода улучшается.
6. Don’t get caught in the rain. f) Начинает моросить.
You’ll get wet through.
7. It’s 30 (degrees) in the shade. g) День окажется серым. ХороThe temperature is rising шая погода не продержится.
(going up).
b) Write various words and phrases related to weather under
the correct headings.
HEAT
RAIN
SUN AND
WARMTH
WEATHER
CHANGES
1. It’ll keep
1. Rain is fall1. _________. 1.__________.
hot.
ing.
2. _________. 2. __________. 2. _________. 2.__________.
3. _________. 3. __________. 1.__________. 3.__________.
4.__________. 4. __________. 2.__________. 4.__________.
5.__________. 5. __________. 3.__________. 5.__________.
517
c) Work in pairs.
Try to predict next week’s weather. Decide how you will use the
expressions of stating probability. Choose one of the 4 groups of
words in task b) and support it through the whole conversation.
40. Roleplay the game on p. 482.
Set 2
Business letters
Деловые письма
A FOLLOWUP
ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ УСТНОЙ ДОГОВОРЁННОСТИ
After reaching a joint decision or oral agreement it’s reasonable to send a follow/up which confirms the agreement.
41. Read the letter below and translate it from English into
Russian. Notice how the letter confirms the previous arrangement.
Note!
a convention room – зал заседаний
a keynote address – основной доклад
a guest of honour [Pnq] – почётный гость
a topic – тема
THE COMMITTEE TO KEEP MINNESOTA GREEN
24 North Main Street
Blackduck, Minnesota 56630
July 3, 20__
Ms. Christine Solars
Solars, Solars, and Wright
62 Onigum Road
Walker, Minnesota 56484
Dear Ms. Solars:
We are pleased that you will participate in the Ecology Colloquium
sponsored by the Committee to Keep Minnesota Green. As we dis518
cussed in our recent conversation, the colloquium will take place
on June 29 in the convention room at the Blackduck Inn.
The colloquium will begin with the keynote address at 10:30
A.M. At 11:00, you will join our other guests of honour in a
debate on the topic “The cost of Conservation: Public or Private
Responsibilities?”
Along with the other members of the Committee, I am looking
forward to our meeting on the 29th.
Sincerely yours,
CONFIRMATION
ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ДОКУМЕНТА
Here is a list of standard phrases you may need to confirm
receipt of any materials (letter / programme / agenda / draft /
tables, etc.)
We confirm receipt of ...
We acknowledge receipt of ...
I am in receipt of your letter ...
According to your request ...
In reply to your request ...
We are glad to answer your
inquiry ...
42. Translate the following private letter from Russian into
English.
Note!
to enclose sth – прилагать какой/н. документ
Уважаемый г/н Манхейм!
В ответ на Ваш запрос мы с удовольствием сообщаем, что
коллоквиум по программе консервации состоится 19 ноября
с.г.
Будем Вам признательны, если Вы привезёте свои последние
предложения по интересующей Вас теме.
Для удобства прилагаю приглашение. Пожалуйста, подтвердите получение.
519
С нетерпением жду скорой встречи.
С искренним уважением
Н. Симпсон
Исполнительный директор
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 17
1. Put in “ if” or “when” and explain your choice.
1. I’ll open the window _____ it stops raining. 2. Give Alice another piece of advice ____ it keeps her quiet. 3. ____ you are in London
next month, you must come and see me then. 4. Brian might phone
this evening. ____ he does, can you take a message? 5. _____ I play
tennis with Jack, he always wins. 6. He’s looking for a job. Will
you be able to help him, ____ he doesn’t find it? 7. I hope to be
there by 10.30. But ____ I’m not there, don’t wait for me. 8. Betsy
is feeling very tired. She’ll go straight to bed ______ she gets
home.
2. Open the brackets and use the correct verb form (Simple
Present or Future).
1. What ______ fashion _____ (to be) like in the year 2025? 2. I’ve
already broken two plates. ______ I _______ (to go on) washing
up? 3. There _______ (not to be) any trouble, ______ there? 4. I
__________ (not to know) when he ____________ (to leave) for
the south. 5. It probably _______ (not to snow) in Western Europe.
6. Can you tell me when Mrs. Ellis _______ (to be) back? 7. If you
__________ (not to work) hard, you __________ (not to be able) to
pass the test and __________ (to fail) your exam.
520
3. Put questions to which the underlined words are the answers.
1. They’ll show us a lot of places of interest tomorrow. _________
___________________________________________
2. He hasn’t been able to focus on the details.________________
____________________________________________________
3. We had to choose between tennis and a swimming pool. ______
____________________________________________________
4. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles and justify their usage.
Weather signs
It is more fun to have ___ varied climate than to live in ___
country where you know that ___ rain is going to come at ___ same
time each year. It rains quite often all ___ year round in England.
That is why it is such ___ green country, with ___ long green grass
for ___ cattle and sheep and ___ beautiful lawns in ___ gardens.
___ country people know all sorts of sayings about ___ weather.
Clouds are ___ best guide if you want to learn to read ___
weather signs for yourself. You will remember, of course, that ___
direction of ___ wind will help you to forecast what weather is on
the way. You know that ___ wind from ___ West or South/West
brings ___ rain and ___ unsettled weather. ___ east wind is colder,
but in ___ summer it generally brings ___ fine days. In ___ winter
___ east wind is ___ sign of ___ frost and ___ snow storms.
On ___ summer night, if ___ stars seem brighter than usual,
then ___ wind and ___ rain are on the way. ___ red sunset foretells
___ fine weather. If it is muddy and misty, then ___ rains will follow.
5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Щёки больного порозовели. Доктор сказал, что завтра ему
станет гораздо лучше.
2. Мы сделаем всё от нас зависящее, чтобы помешать их ссоре.
521
3. Cколько времени потребуется, чтобы установить контакты с
этой фирмой?
4. Если он последует совету своего дяди, то ему удастся избежать
неприятностей.
5. Вы выбросили вчерашнюю газету с прогнозом погоды? В нём
говорилось, что на следующей неделе температура повысится.
6. Вам предстоит сделать необходимые приготовления в связи с
международной конференцией, которая состоится через
десять дней. Когда вы сможете начать?
7. В будущем учёные найдут средства от всех болезней. Чтобы
контролировать вес, людям придётся сочетать диету с зарядкой.
522
Word List (Unit 17)
A
attitude
avoid
C
catastrophe
cause
close at hand
connect
consensus
conservation
consumption
context
crisis
cure
D
destroy
disease
doubt
E
ecology
ecological
emission
environment
establish contacts
excursion
F
facilities
flood
forecast
H
hire
I
ignore
in this connection
T
throw away
ton
transform
transformation
P
phenomenon
point
pollution
predict
prediction
prevent
prevention
protect
protection
push
Q
quarrel
queue
R
rude
run out (of)
S
save
scientist
sense
spread
steward
strict
G
garbage
gap
523
UNIT 18
THINK GLOBAL, ACT LOCAL
Мысли широко, действуй конкретно
AGENDA
* Compounds of “some”,
“any”, “no”, “every”.
Complex object with the
infinitive.
Have something done.
(See Grammar Supplement,
p. 597)
* Democracy. National heroes
/ heroines.
* Asking for clarification.
Revise units 13–18 and roleplay.
a) Prepare an essay on one of the issues beforehand.
1. Russia’s Contribution to World Culture.
2. Education and Career.
3. Ecology and a Human Thing.
4. Prosperity as the Basis for Democracy.
5. Shaping a New Global Community.
b) While writing the paper, supply it with a number of transition
phrases.
1. INTRODUCING ONE’S POINT
It seems to me there are 2/3 main
points to consider.
I’d like to start by talking about…
2. MOVING TO THE NEXT STAGE
Another point is…
Now I come to…
524
3. REFERRING TO MATERIALS WHICH SUPPORT THIS POINT
As an example of this let me turn to…
In support of this view I can quote X.
4. CONCLUDING A TALK
In conclusion, I’d like to say that…
c) Organize а roundtable discussion.
You are working in a host country. You’ve received an invitation
to take part in the conference “Humanity in the New Millennium”.
Today you are delivering your report. Speak effectively!
d) Use the following communicative functions:
– asking for and giving information;
– asking for clarification.
Section I
Set 1
GRAMMAR
PRACTICE
WHAT SEEMS TO BE THE TROUBLE?
В ЧЁМ, СОБСТВЕННО, ПРОБЛЕМА?
Can I do anything for you?
Могу я чем$нибудь помочь?
1. Read these short dialogues and describe the situations they
were used in.
A. I say, Carol, would you like to go anywhere special tonight?
B. Do you want the truth? I don’t feel like going out at all.
A. Excuse me! Is there a camera shop anywhere in the neighbour
hood?
B. Turn right at the next corner and walk two blocks. You cannot
miss it.
A. Can I help you?
B. Could you give me something for a toothache?
A. I would recommend you “Tilenol”. It’s a temporary relief of
minor pain.
525
A. I want to buy a car, but I don’t have anything special in mind.
B. What about a “Honda”? It is a good and rather inexpensive car.
One of these cars is to the left of you.
A. Maggie doesn’t dance with anybody at all!
B. You can bring anyone else to the party. Come any time after 8.
A. I’m afraid I have to make a serious complaint.
B. What seems to be the trouble?
A. I ordered a 3M tape recorder from you, and I think someone has
made a mistake and sent me the wrong model.
B. We are very sorry for the inconvenience, Mr. Adams. It’s some
thing that doesn’t often happen.
2. In our homes something goes wrong sometimes. What’s
wrong this time? Sort out the problem. Your partner has to offer
help.
a) Read and practise the following conversation.
Note!
a dial – телефонный диск
A. There’s something wrong with my radiator.
B. Is there anything I can do to help?
A. I hope so.
B. What’s the problem?
A. It makes a terrible noise.
b) Roleplay similar dialogues. Here’s a list of the objects with the
problems.
1. watch / It’s fast/slow.
2. portable TV / There’s no colour.
3. transistor radio / I can’t hear anything.
4. washing machine / The engine doesn’t work.
5. alarmclock / It’s not loud enough to wake you up.
6. telephone / the dial is broken.
7. telephone / You cannot leave a message after the tone.
8. airconditioning / It smells funny.
526
3. Practise this conversation and dramatize similar dialogues
using the prompts below.
Remember!
to look up – искать какуюл.
информацию в справочнике
A. I’m afraid something is wrong with my computer. It
makes a funny noise.
B. I’m sorry. I can’t help you. I don’t know anything
about computers!
A. Do you know anybody who can help me?
B. Not really. You have to look up in the phone book.
iron
shaver
Walkman
electric mixer
vacuum cleaner
heating system
hifi system
tape recorder
hairdryer
4. Open dialogue “It doesn’t work!”
Complete the conversation and say what is wrong with Mrs.
Park’s TV.
Mrs. Park: Hello. May I speak to Mr. Smith?
Repairman: ..................................................?
Mrs. Park: Yes, there’s something wrong with my TV and I need
a TV repairman who can come over and fix it.
Repairman: ...................................................?
Mrs. Park: No, it isn’t a blackandwhite TV.
Repairman: ...................................................?
Mrs. Park: I don’t know what’s wrong. It just doesn’t work at
all.
Repairman: ....................................................
Mrs. Park: I live at 134 Grove Street in Centerville.
Repairman: .....................................................
Mrs. Park: That’s too late. I guess I have to call somebody else.
Thank you anyway. Goodbye.
5. Make up a dialogue.
One of your electric appliances went wrong. You’ve taken it to
the workshop. Talk to the repairman.
527
a) Choose the most suitable phrases on the right.
b) Simulate this conversation using the list of objects from task 3.
Note!
to charge sb – взымать c когол. деньги
You
Repairman
1. I’ve got a bit of (a) problem
here, you see.
2. I’m afraid I’ve lost it.
3. How much will it cost?
4. I think the batteries are
dead, you have to replace
them.
a. I’ll have to check it. Could you
come tomorrow?
b. That depends on what’s wrong
with it.
c. When did you buy it?
d. Then I’ll have to charge you.
e. Have you kept the guarantee?
6. Read the joke aloud and retell it. Make a note of one or two
key words, if necessary.
JOKE SPOT
Sales Talk
Someone knocked on Harry’s front door. When Harry opened it he
found a salesman with two large, heavylooking suitcases. “Good
afternoon,” said the salesman, “I have the world’s most sophisticated (технически сложный) watch on offer at a special price.”
Harry watched the salesman demonstrate the new watch. It could
function as a radio, a television, a portable phone and a fax
machine. When Harry heard that the watch cost only 50 pounds,
he bought it immediately. The salesman gave Harry the watch and
walked away, leaving the suitcases with Harry.
“Hey, you’ve forgotten your cases,” shouted Harry.
“Those aren’t suitcases,” replied the salesman, “they’re batteries
for your watch.”
7. Read the text and analyze the use of the compound pronouns.
Remember!
to make a special effort – сделать особое усилие
528
to come round – забежать, зайти к комул., кто
живёт поблизости
Saturday Night Thoughts
It might seem hard to believe but I’m having trouble with my
jeep. There’s something wrong with the engine, besides, the windows don’t go up and down.
Nobody has been able to fix the jeep so far. I’ve taken the car
to the mechanic, somewhere far away from my house. The mechanic charged me a lot of money, but the engine doesn’t start in the
morning all the same.
I don’t need anyone else’s help. It’s Sunday tomorrow. I usually do nothing on Sundays, but tomorrow I’m going to make a
special effort. Why pay someone to do a simple job when it costs
you nothing to do it yourself? If anyone, say, Mark, comes round
after lunch, we’ll work on the car together. Next Sunday I’ll help
him paint his garage.
Tasks.
a) Which of these statements reflects best Walter’s views on car
servicing?
1. There isn’t anybody in town to give him a hand.
2. God helps those who help themselves.
3. If anyone needs advice, they always turn to Mark for help.
4. Walter thinks he knows everything about car engines.
5. Four eyes see more than two.
6. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
b) Answer the following questions.
1. Is there anything wrong with Walter’s jeep? Ask “What?”
2. Has anybody tried to fix it? Ask “Where?”
3. Whose help does Walter reject? Ask “Why?”
4. Does he refuse to pay anyone? Ask “Why?”
5. Will anyone take part in Walter’s project? Ask “Who?”
529
8. Pairwork “Having things done”. (See Grammar Supplement,
unit 14.)
You may need the following words:
a bulb – лампочка
to pump a tyre – подкачать шину
to do the checking and fixing of one’s car – сделать профилактику
своей машины
to charge a battery – зарядить аккумулятор
an indicator – указатель поворотов
a) There’s something wrong with your friend’s car. Ask him
about his intentions in the way shown.
Example:
A. Your car needs servicing. Will you repair it yourself?
B. Oh, no. I’ll have it repaired. The garage that I use is very
reasonable.
check the water
check the oil level
change the oil
check the radiator
fill the radiator with antifreeze
fix a wheel
charge the battery
fit a new engine
tune the engine
wash your car
b) In turn, ask your friend how often he has his car checked and
fixed. For questions use the words from the list above.
c) Your car is malfunctioning in several ways. Let the group
advise you for each of these situations.
Example:
A. What has been going wrong?
B. The brake light hasn’t been working.
A. You ought to / need to have the bulb changed.
1. The indicators do not work. / Change the bulb.
2. There’s no petrol in the tank. / Fill it.
3. The engine is out of order. / Fit a new one.
4. The heater makes a funny noise. / Repair the heater.
530
5. The radiator has run out of water. / Put some water into the
radiator.
6. The radiator has run out of antifreeze. / Put some
antifreeze into the radiator.
7. The starter has burnt out. / Replace the starter.
8. The rear window was broken. / Fix it.
9. The tyre is low on air. / Pump it.
d) Translate this conversation from Russian into English and
dramatize it.
В авторемонтной мастерской
Driver:
Mechanic:
Driver:
Mechanic:
Driver:
Mechanic:
Driver:
Mechanic:
Driver:
Добрый день.
Добрый день. Чем могу служить?
Хотелось бы провести профилактику машины.
В чём, собственно, проблема?
Я заметил, что в последнее время машина сжигает
больше бензина, чем обычно, плохо заводится
(особенно, когда по утрам прохладно). Ecли
приходится стоять у светофора или на
перекрёстке, то глохнет (to cut out) мотор.
Вы можете оставить нам машину прямо сейчас?
Придётся. Могут быть серьёзные неисправности?
Трудно сказать чтолибо определённое заранее. Вы
не могли бы позвонить нам в районе 5 часов?
К тому времени будет известно.
Спасибо, до свидания.
Set 2
How do you get people to do things?
Как побудить окружающих к действию?
9. Your friends offer you their help. Say what you want them to
do for you.
Remember!
Example:
to borrow – брать взаймы
to improve – улучшить
I’d like you to help me with phonetics.
531
1. borrow a dictionary for me
2. borrow some newspapers
for me
3. repair a hairdryer for me
4. enroll me in a health club
5. look after my pets while I’m
away
6. help me improve my pronuncia
tion
7. put me in touch with a repair
man
8. fix an interview appointment
for me
10. Ask someone to do the following things. Give force to the
motives.
Example:
Keep the door locked. (any strangers / come in)
Keep the door locked! I don’t want any
strangers to come in.
1. Make arrangements for the trip. (you / refuse the invitation)
2. Talk quietly. (anybody / hear us)
3. Let Julia make her presentation. (her / lose her chance)
4. Can you phone me back? (you / describe your new job to me now)
5. Don’t tell Bob about it. (him / upset our plans)
6. Ask her to wait for me. (her / leave without saying goodbye)
11. What do these people want Ralph to do and why?
Example:
The doctor / go on a diet. (gain a lot of weight)
The doctor wants Ralph to go on a diet, as he
has gained a lot of weight.
1. His mother / go to bed early. (have not enough sleep)
2. His teacher / take up architecture. (be good at drawing)
3. His girlfriend / go somewhere for the weekend. (the weather /
keep lovely)
4. The doctor / take some medicine. (have a stomachache)
5. His parents / do a cooking job. (very much interested in cookery
books of late)
6. His teacher / follow his advice. (do no project work)
7. The coach / stay in bed. (his leg / trouble him)
532
12. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Ему не с кем поговорить. 2. – Что вы имеете в виду? – Ничего.
3. Ещё чаю? Мы просим вас не уходить так рано. 4. Послушайте! Такие слова могут рассердить кого угодно. 5. Она раздражена и дала всем понять, что ей скучно. 6. Вы знаете
когонибудь в Лондоне? Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы познакомились с моими друзьями. 7. Господин Смит никогда не пользуется своей машиной. Он всюду ездит общественным транспортом. 8. – Я ищу свой ключ и не могу его нигде найти. –
Хотите, чтобы я попробовал открыть вашу дверь какимнибудь
другим ключом? – Спасибо. Боюсь, что к моей двери не подойдёт
ничей ключ.
13. Roleplay.
You’re working in Great Britain. Today you are meeting your colleagues from Moscow at London Heathrow. One of the visitors has
come through Customs (таможня) and is with you. The other is
delayed at the luggage claim because one of his cases is missing.
Вы хотите, чтобы:
Таксист:
а) водитель отвёз одного пассажира в отель Шератон;
б) водитель подождал, пока вы с
другим пассажиром не выйдете
из зала прибытия (arrivals);
в) водитель сделал вторую
поездку в Шератон;
г) водитель подождал несколько
минут возле гостиницы и отвёз
вас домой.
а) согласитесь отвезти пассажиров;
б) у вас есть заказ из центра
города;
в) вы будете вновь свободны
через час;
г) вы могли бы отменить
заказ по телефону, но если
вы отмените заказ, то
вынуждены будете удвоить
плату за проезд.
533
Set 3
A conflict of interests
Конфликт интересов
14. Build as many sentences from the table as you can. Mind
you don’t use “to” after make and let.
you
my office hours
them
me
their son
________ Fred
him
He makes us
Sheila / her
She lets
them
I want
We ask
They tell
make great progress.
last from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m.
to
get on their nerves.
not to buy stamped envelopes.
drop litter in the park.
______ be bossy in the group.
throw away piles of paper.
($)
keep her promise.
invite our friends to tea.
work overtime.
15. What do these students say about their parents’ instructions?
Example: John says his father makes him give up smoking.
John:
Christine:
1. give up bad habits
2. join the army
3. do my military service
4. tell the police about the
accident
5. check my feelings
1. attend my classes in grammar
2. do some letterwriting
3. take a serious decision
4. take my entrance exams
5. train as a teacher
16. Using the prompts below speak about your parents’ attitudes.
Example:
My parents let me use a home computer, but
they don’t let me spend all my time on the
computer.
1. go swimming / go parachuting
2. arrange parties / drink alcohol
3. go shopping / buy things on impulse
534
4. do some extra work / sit late at night
5. play chess / play Monopoly all evening
6. listen to pop music / listen to rap
17. Read this conversation and try to build similar dialogues
using the ideas below.
Remember!
to get along with sb – ладить,
уживаться с кемн.
A. You’re in a bad mood, aren’t you?
B. I wonder what makes you say so!
A. Let’s be realistic about it. You haven’t stopped smoking
since early this morning.
B. I haven’t, have I?
1. You look worried.
2. You don’t participate in so
cial activities.
3. You yelled at me a few minu
tes ago.
4. You react badly to all kinds
of criticism
5. You don’t get along with your
parents very well.
6. You’ve done your homework
carelessly.
7. You haven’t had a good
night’s sleep.
8. You’re thinking about some
thing else.
Listening.
18.
Two old men are sitting on a bus. You’ll hear them talking about
the young generation.
Remember!
to keep house – вести хозяйство
to look after sb – присматривать, ухаживать за кемн.
manners – манеры, нравы, поведение
a) Tick the columns according to who says what. There are two
points which no one mentions.
535
1st man
2nd man
1. All the boys look more like girls.
2. You don’t have to be sociable unless you
want to be.
3. They don’t teach girls how to look after
children or how to keep house.
4. Things aren’t what they used to be.
5. Everything’s upside down these days.
6. People are fairly nice to each other.
7. People haven’t even got good manners any
more.
b) Listen again and answer the questions.
1. What do the old men criticize the new generation for?
2. What would the first man like girls to do?
3. What profession seems unladylike to the second man?
4. Can the bus conductor make any of the men give up their seat?
Why? / Why not?
c) On your own.
What can you say about the men’s manners?
Is it right to judge by appearances? Comment on the principle:
“Judge a person by his deeds, not by his words”.
Which is more essential to you – what you’ve received or what
you’ve given?
Do you feel you are more knowledgeable about life than your
parents were at your age? What makes you think so?
d) Think of the title to the recorded text.
19. Support one of the opposite viewpoints and give your line of
reasoning.
Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it.
Today the difference is very marked indeed.
536
Remember!
behaviour [bIheIvjq] – поведение, манеры
Note!
sinful – грешный
A
B
1. The new gods for teenagers
are money and materialism.
2. A wild haircut (punk hair
style) is suggestive of wild
behaviour.
3. The youth has learnt to
question the wisdom of its
elders, but it has so far found
nothing to replace it with.
1. Enjoyment is not sinful. It is
surely not wrong to enjoy your
work and leisure.
2. Who said that all the men in
the world should wear grey suits
and dull haircuts?
3. The old have not created the
best of all possible worlds. Today,
they could learn a thing or two
from their children.
Section II
WORKING TO PROMOTE PROSPERITY
ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦВЕТАНИЯ
Set 1 READING
All men are born equal
Все люди рождаются равными
FOR DETAIL
Heads of government of the NATO member states convene
for the Madrid Summit in July 1997.
537
20. Read the following words and word combinations and
remember how to use them.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
to exist [IgzIst] v. существовать: Can fish exist out of water? existence n. существование: In America blacks continue to suffer
from miserable existence.
legal [li:gql] adj. законный, правовой: It is legal for people over
18 to buy alcohol. Don’t worry, it’s quite legal.
respect [rIspekt] n. уважение: I have the greatest respect for his
opinion.
equal [i:kwql] adj. равный, равноправный: Сut the cake into six
equal pieces. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the
right to equal pay for equal work.
election(s) [IlekSqn] n. выборы: He was elected to the Senate in the
last election.
majestic [m qG estIk] adj. величественный: The great majestic
ship sailed slowly into the harbour.
struggle [strAgl] n. борьба, схватка: Which of them will come out
on top in the power struggle?
slavery [sleIvqrI] n. рабство: Abraham Lincoln was the first president to struggle against slavery.
to stumble [stAm bl] v. спотыкаться: Somehow he stumbled
through his speech and sat down with great relief. a stumbling
block to sth помеха, камень преткновения: The question of
pay became the stumbling block to agreement.
to adopt [qdPpt] v. принять, перенять: They adopted Christianity.
We adopted their production methods. adoption n. принятие:
the adoption of the resolution
essential [IsenSql] adj. существенный, необходимый: We can live
without clothes, but food and drink are essential.
to promote sth [prqm qVt] v. содействовать, способствовать
чемул.: The nations of Europe take new efforts to promote the
cause of peace.
538
to represent [, reprIzent] v. изображать, cимволизировать,
выступать от имени, представлять: He represents Britain at
the UN. It was a tall stone figure representing the god of war.
to incorporate [InkO:pq, reIt] v. включать, объединять в себе,
содержать: His report incorporates the latest trends.
an agreement [qgri:m qnt] n. cоглашение, договор: The two sides
were unable to reach agreement. You have broken our agreement by not finishing the job in time.
to violate [vaIqleIt] v. нарушать, попирать, идти вразрез с чемн.:
This violates the spirit of the agreement.
violation n. нарушение: brutal violations of human rights.
well$being [welbi:IN] n. благополучие, благосостояние: The warm
sunny weather always gives me a sense of wellbeing.
WORD BUILDING
21. A number of English adjectives have the suffix al.
a) Give words of the same root in Russian and compare the
meanings.
Legal, final, moral, global, central, radical, ideal, material,
colonial, political, structural, historical, , universal.
b) Form adjectives from the nouns below using the suffix al
and translate them into Russian.
Norm, music, region, magic, nation, origin, document, profession.
22. We can use the English adjective able (способный,
умелый) and the noun ability (умение, ловкость) to form words
with the same meaning (способность к совершению действия).
Read the following English words and translate them into
Russian.
539
Example:
to change (изменяться) – сhangeable (изменчивый)
– changeability (непостоянство,
способность к переменам)
Drinkable, (un)eatable, (un)suitable, (un)reasonable, (un)comfortable, (un)favourable, readability, practicability, (un)predictable, (un)predictability.
23. Read these international words and give their Russian
equivalents.
Democracy, , democratic, , declaration, , organization, standard,
principle, regulate, , guarantee, passage, stability, legal, constant, campaign, despotism, , confrontation, co, operation.
24. Study the suggested materials and explain the following
thing.
Why did the 1948 Declaration become a step forward in the
development of democracy in the world?
Text A
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
“Democracy is the government of the
people, by the people, for the people.”
A. Lincoln
Of all the systems of government that exist in the world
democracy has been so far the best one. Indeed, today every country feels a need to be legal and democratic. But what does it really
mean to be a democratic state?
A democratic state is based on market economy – that’s true.
However, first of all, democracy is respect for human rights, such
as the right to life, to freedom of speech and religion. Everyone is
equal before the law and has the right to participate in elections,
to own property, to preserve national identity and some others.
The first document regulating these rights was the American
Declaration of Independence. Then, in 1773, Abraham Lincoln
540
thought that the words “all men are born equal” were of no practical use, as they carried no legal force. But throughout his career,
Lincoln used that majestic phrase as a political tool in the struggle
against slavery. He wanted the world to know that it was a stumbling block to all those who in after times might try to turn free
people back into the hateful paths of despotism.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the
United Nations (UN) in 1948 became the legal and moral basis of a
continuing global campaign for democracy. At that time it was
essential to promote universal respect for human rights. The declaration expressed the felt truth of the age and represented democratic standards for free society.
Since then many powerful leaders have repeated words of
devotion to human rights. They incorporated the principles of the
Declaration into constitutions and international agreements.
Gradually human rights became a political force, though not
always a constant one. Even now, more than fifty years after the
adoption of the Universal Declaration much remains to be done.
The task of the UN and other organizations is to protect millions
of people from the violation of human rights. All the countries of
Europe acting through international organizations must work
together to promote democratic reforms, stability and wellbeing.
(After the article by David A. Martin
“Human Rights’ Ongoing Journey From Hopeful Rhetoric to Reality”,
the International Herald Tribune, Nov. 26, 1998)
25. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases and use
them in discussing the text.
Свобода слова, действовать при посредничестве, национальная принадлежность, бороться вместе за обеспечение...,
основано на рыночной экономике, уважение прав человека, все
равны перед законом, принятие декларации, не иметь законной силы, нарушение прав человека, повернуть вспять.
c) Pick out terms relating to politics. Suggest their Russian
equivalents.
541
d) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right.
1. to represent
2. legal
3. to promote
4. instability
5. to incorporate
6. a struggle
7. to adopt
8. election
9. to violate
10. wellbeing
11. essential
a) to take and use as one’s own
b) completely necessary for the existence,
success, etc. of sth
c) to act on behalf of sb, to symbolize
d) hard fight, great or determined effort
e) to break sth which is accepted as right or
legal
f) personal comfort, good health and happi
ness
g) to support actively in the growth and
development; to give sb a higher position
or rank
h) a situation producing a tendency to
change suddenly
i) to include, to make sth a part of sth larger
j) act of choosing by voting
k) allowed by law or using the law
e) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and
expressions from the text. Translate these sentences into Russian.
1. He has picked up bad habits. 2. What is the most important difference between the two political systems? 3. She spoke officially
for her fellowworkers at the meeting. 4. The new plan includes the
old one. 5. We fought with this problem for a long time. 6. The
government has started a set of global actions against smoking.
7. His constant absences have put at risk the comfort and happiness of his family. 8. By sounding the horn of the car they broke
the peace of early morning.
f) Choose the words from the box and fill in the blanks. Translate
these sentences into Russian.
adopt promotion exist struggle regulate election legal stumbling
1. Watch TV, the __________ results will be clear tonight.
542
2. The company intends to take _______ action over this matter.
3. There are strict rules that _______ the use of chemicals in food.
4. Foreigners can hardly master the ______ blocks of Russian
grammar.
5. The committee _______ my suggestions.
6. It wasn’t easy, but he didn’t give up the ______ for life.
7. There are good chances of ______ in this firm.
8. The Roman Empire ______ for several centuries.
g) Study the symbols of some international organizations and
say when they were established.
The UN was founded (established) in 1945.
ООН была основана (учреждена) в 1945 году.
The UNESCO
The IMF
The GATT
The Council of Europe
was founded
established
in
1946.
1945.
1948.
1949.
h) What do these organizations work for?
Remember!
security [sikjVqrItI] – безопасность
poverty – бедность
Note!
to contribute to sth – содействовать чемул.
543
The UN
* to promote respect for human rights;
* to protect the environment;
* to fight disease, to reduce poverty.
* to contribute to peace and security in
the world;
(the UN Educational, Sci*
to promote cooperation through edu
entific and Cultural Orgacation, science, culture and commu
nization)
nication.
The UNESCO
The IMF (182 member * to promote international monetary
countries)
cooperation;
* to provide financial assistance to
countries;
* to promote growth of employment.
The OSCE
(The Organization for
Security and Cooperation
in Europe)
* to prevent conflict;
* to promote freedom and democratic
values;
* to participate in peace support oper
ations.
26. Discuss a few points in text A.
1. What is a democratic state? 2. Do you remember the definition
of democracy? Who is the author of these majestic words? 3. What
was the first document regulating human rights? What did
Abraham Lincoln think about it? 4. What did he want the world to
know, when he quoted the 1773 Declaration? 5. Did the 1948
Declaration carry a legal force? What makes you think so? 6. How
did its principles become a political force? 7. What is the task of
the UN and other international organizations? What will they concentrate their energies on? 8 What shared ideals hold them together?
27. Give a presentation on the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights. State its role in the development of democracy in the world.
544
28. Translate the following passage from Russian into English
using a suitable word from the list below.
От конфронтации к сотрудничеству
После окончания холодной войны ни одна международная
организация в одиночку не обладала достаточными ресурсами
для решения актуальных политических вопросов. НАТО, Cовет
Европы, ООН, Европейский Союз (EC) и ОБСЕ начали бороться
сообща за обеспечение безопасности и стабильности в Европе.
ОБСЕ, учреждённая в 1973 году, включает в себя 55 европейских странучастниц. За годы своего существования ОБСЕ
боролась за предотвращение межнациональных конфликтов,
сохранение мира. В то время как ОБСЕ участвовала в миротворческих операциях, ЕС обеспечивал финансовую поддержку
этим акциям.
Нации должны от конфронтации повернуться лицом к
cотрудничеству. Наилучшая гарантия терпимости по отношению ко всем группам в обществе – это демократия. ОБСЕ удалось cоединить два понятия – принципы Хельсинского процесса
1975 г. и принципы Декларации прав человека. С одной стороны,
мир и безопасность, с другой, – демократия, верховенство
закона и уважение прав человека.
(История ОБСЕ в документах)
(after the Cold War ended, sufficient resources, to solve topical
issues, to provide financial support for..., to link, rule of law)
Questions.
1. How is the news presented in these materials?
by speaker
by experts
by interviews with
by reportage
by graphs
common people
2. Has the information about the OSCE somehow changed your
attitude towards partnership for peace?
3. Europe seeks (стремится) to establish the closest possible
partnership with the United States. Do you think this power
sets a model of real democracy? Give your line of reasoning.
545
29. Agree or disagree with the opinions expressed in the interviews below.
David Freeman points out,
“There is no fixed form of democracy. In working it out every nation should be left to its own
judgement.”
Regina Hessky says,
“The vision of the United Europe is really exciting. Though people of different nationalities
have different lifestyles, they have the same
feelings about the same things.”
Brian Hoffman says,
“Cultures are becoming more alike. It shows in
global business, cheap foreign travel and
improved communications. It’s a good thing but
we need a reasonable balance between globalisation of companies and having a national presence.
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on Russian democracy...
30. On your own.
Do you consider yourself a democrat? What has led you to this
conclusion?
Do you think a democrat should belong to any party?
Choose the statement you most agree with.
a. Democracy is myth, not reality in Russia.
b. Russia is a better place to live in than it was 10 years ago.
c. As Russia is moving towards democracy, I can say that it
is in the middle of the road.
Give any example supporting the idea that the democratic pro
cess is underway in this country.
546
Are there any things you’d like to change in Russia?
What do you want the government to do about social problems?
What is your vision of a new democratic society?
Do you vote the same way as your parents in a national election?
Could you sacrifice (пожертвовать) your life for Russia?
31. Roleplay the following situation.
You are working in Canada. At a reception you meet your
Canadian colleague and strike a conversation about America. Try
to discuss things without offending your partner, who may have
views very different from your own!
Look at ten arguments. Choose 5 as “yours” and support the
same views through the whole of the situation which follows.
You start:
It’s difficult to know what to make of America, isn’t it?
America:
is a great defender of freedom.
is a corrupt materialistic society.
is the “leader of the West”.
interferes too much in the affairs of other countries.
is a very generous society.
is a very tolerant society.
thinks she can push smaller countries around.
should try to understand Russia.
tries too hard to understand Russia and should
oppose
them more.
is a very shallow society.
547
Set 2 QUICK READING
AND DISCUSSION
Success. It’s a mind game
Успех – это игра умов
When we talk about a national figure, we mean a famous man
or a woman, either now or in the past, celebrated (прославленный)
in his or her field and recognized by the whole nation. Also Britain
produced worldfamous politicians, thinkers, musicians, writers,
artists such as Henry Moore, Benjamin Britten, Bertrand Russel.
32. Read about the careers of the four greatest British personalities. The information is based on the associations that
Englishspeaking people have. Choose the correct names from the
box below.
Harold Wilson
Margaret Thatcher
John Major
Winston Churchill
Lady Diana
Harold Macmillan
You may need the following words:
to describe (as) – характеризовать когол.
to face sth – сталкиваться с чемн.
to declare – объявить
to gain entry into – добиться вступления
to be keen on sth – любить чтол.
a stock market – фондовая биржа
a household word – ходячее выражение
an ally [xlaI] – союзник
548
Cultural Note
Gulf War is a war which began in 1991 after the Iraqi army
occupied Kuwait declaring it the 19th province of Iraq. Forces,
mainly from the US, under the flag of the United Nations intervened and they were successful in driving the Iraqis out of
Kuwait.
(The Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture)
Text B
Britain’s National Figures
1. ? –
(1943 – )
... is a politician who faced the problems of the Gulf War and
Britain’s economic difficulties. He seemed to many people to be a
pleasant man but rather dull and boring, especially when compared
to Mrs. Thatcher. He was described as “Mr. Nice” or “a grey man
in a grey suit”.
2. ? – (1894 – 1986)
... was leader of the Conservative Party who worked to improve
EastWest relations but he/she didn’t gain Britain’s entry into the
European Community (E.C.). In the newspapers, he/she was often
called Supermac.
Cultural Note
Many people in Britain are not keen on the E.C. They especially dislike the way in which E.C. law controls the small details
of life in Britain.
3. ? – (1925 – )
... was leader of the Conservative Party. At the beginning this
politician was pretty much alone among Western leaders in his/
her market orientation. Almost two years later, however, he/she
gained a most powerful ally – Ronald Reagan. The large British
privatizations of the mid1980s did much to stimulate the integration of global stock markets that has become so important
today.
(An extract from The Wall Street journal by Daniel Yergin.
May 10, 1999)
549
4. ? –
( (1874 – 1965)
... was a person of many talents, noted as a soldier, a politician, a
painter and a writer and had a long career. He/she showed his/her
genius for leadership during the Second World War when he/she
was the Prime Minister (P.M.). He/she remained in power from
195155 and his/her name became a household word throughout
the world.
33. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Comprehension check. Answer these questions about each
of the four personalities.
1. Whose political career does the first part of the text deal with?
2. What was this national figure famous for?
3. What is his name associated with?
c) Vocabulary work.
Explain the meaning of the words that go with “success” in
English. Use your dictionary if necessary.
fame –
to gain worldwide recognition –
to have an outstanding political career –
to improve interstate relations –
d) Think of a few outstanding personalities. How are these politicians described by biographers ?
Example:
Ronald Reagan went down in history as a very rightwing
president.
1. George Washington (1732–1799) / “the father of his country”.
2. James Madison (1757–1836) / the author of the Constitution.
3. Theodore Roosevelt [rqVzqvelt] (1858–1919) / the youngest
person to become US president.
4. Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) / the author of the Declaration
of Independence.
550
5. Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) / the man who spoke against
slavery.
6. Franklin Roosevelt (1882–1945) / the only president who
served more than two terms.
7. George Bush 1 (1924) / the author of “My Life in Letters”.
e) Name some political leaders in history that did a lot for their
country. Using the list of qualities below say what you admire in
them.
Example:
Tony Blair went down in history as a reorganizer of the
House of Lords.
What I most admire in this political leader is his moral
courage.
moral courage [kArIG] (смелость)
intelligence
reliability [rI,laIqbIlItI]
patriotism
originality [q,rIGInxlItI]
loyalty
determination (решительность)
talent
wisdom (мудрость)
kindness
ambition
34. Choose the most suitable answer(s) to the questions below.
1. How much is fame connected with personal qualities?
a) not at all;
b) very much;
c) to a certain degree.
2. Which of these factors really matters in the world of politics?
a) good connections;
b) personal qualities;
c) prestigious education.
3. Is it difficult to become famous? Which of these quotations
reflect your life credo?
a. Fame is a great privilege. It brings happiness.
b. A lot of people go after fame, but they are really after
money.
c. Every man is the architect of his own fortunes.
d. Famous people are more interesting than ordinary people.
f. Real success comes in small portions every day.
551
4. What aspects of famous people’s lives do you like reading
about?
a) relations with other outstanding personalities;
b) factors which led to success;
c) details of their private lives;
d) their contribution (вклад) to the world culture.
5. Why are biographers’ opinions important to us? They make us...
understand politics better;
generate new ideas;
shape a vision of the epoch;
widen world outlooks.
6. Is it possible to become famous in any profession?
35. Here are four pairs of options. Which of the statements do
you support?
1.
a) Musicians like the Beatles should be
regarded as international figures.
b) The Beatles lived superstar lifestyles,
they sold more than 1 billion discs and
tapes. We shouldn’t talk about their
revolutionary performance.
2.
a) Ambition is the driving force in life.
b) The man without ambition is the truly
happy man.
3.
a) The “Iron Lady” must go down in his
tory as the finest PM in the 20th cen
tury.
b) Sir W. Churchill has already taken
that place.
4.
a) You can’t be a great man/ woman
without possessing great courage.
b) Sometimes you get into trouble when
you’re straightforward.
552
36. Study the following description of someone and pick up
qualities which are typical of a politician. What career do you associate these qualities with? Is it a sketch of a diplomat? / politician? /
businessman? / any other professional?
Cultural Note.
Tolerance for/towards sb is willingness to accept or allow
behaviour, beliefs, customs, etc., which one does not like to agree
with, without opposition; to share and understand another person’s feelings.
is very creative;
enjoys taking difficult decisions;
has progressive democratic
outlooks;
seeks knowledge;
doesn’t waste time on unnecessary detail;
has a sense of humour;
has an open mind, receptive to
new ideas;
is rather informal;
can
be
sometimes
very
downtoearth;
enjoys discussing things;
is tolerant;
has a perfect command of the foreign language.
37. Interview your partner about his imaginary celebrity.
You:
Your partner:
You:
Your partner:
You:
Your partner:
You:
Your partner:
You:
What qualities do you most admire in this
national figure?
...........................................................
Why do you think he was so popular?
...........................................................
How do you think he gained success?
...........................................................
Apart from (помимо) his career what other
interests or hobbies did he have?
...........................................................
Our last question. If you were to meet him
today, what particular question would you like
to ask him?
553
a) Guess who this person is and add what else you know about
him.
b) Change roles. Focus on the leader’s contribution to the world
politics.
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Eyes on Russia’s politicians...
38. Translate the text about a wellknown personality and state
his name.
?
–
( (1931 –
)
... – политический лидер, который оставался у власти с 1985 по
1992 гг. Он известен тем, что начал процесс экономических и
политических перемен в СССР (перестройка) и провозгласил
свободу слова (гласность). Этот политик добился успеха на пути
улучшения отношений с Западом.
39. Project work.
Make a few notes about the career of any national figure in your
country.
– what he / she was famous as; – important events in the career;
– date and place of birth;
– two reasons for his / her fame.
– education, interests and ideals;
Section III
REAL$LIFE COMMUNICATION
Set 1
A dialogue of cultures
Диалог культур
40. Culture Quiz “A business trip”. Do you know how to act in
professional situations if you’re working abroad? Choose the most
suitable answers.
1. I am going to Britain shortly on a business trip, and I may go out
to the pub with my British counterpart. I am not sure who should
buy drinks. Which option is correct?
554
A. I should pay for the drinks I have.
B. I should let other people buy me drinks.
C. Each member of the group should take turns in buying
everyone a drink.
2. I have been invited to the informal dinner at the house of a
British colleague in London. The invitation is for 8 p.m., but I am
not sure when to arrive at the house. Which of the following is
more polite?
A. I should arrive a few minutes early, and certainly no later
than 8 p.m.
B. I should arrive ten to fifteen minutes late.
C. I should arrive about 45 minutes late.
3. I am about to attend a conference in London. I have read about
“body language”, and I am not sure how close to stand when I am
talking to British people. Should I stand:
A. about 30 cm away?
B. about 90 cm away
C. about 2 metres away
4. I find taxi drivers in London rather aggressive. If the fare is 5
pounds, how much should I pay the driver:
A. 5 pounds?
B. 5.5 pounds?
C. 6 pounds?
5. When leaving a group of colleagues after an informal evening
out, we normally shake hands with everyone. How shall I behave in
England? Should I:
A. shake everyone by the hand?
B. shake the men by the hand and kiss the women on the
cheek?
C. do nothing?
41.
Listening
You’ll hear a talk about “body language” given by a British manager.
a) Look at the chart and fill in the meaning of the body signals
that people send each other for contact.
555
Remember!
to pretend [prItend] – притворяться, делать вид
to demonstrate [demqnstreIt] – показывать,
демонстрировать
to extend [Ikstend] one’s hand – протянуть руку
give off signals – подавать сигналы
skepticism [skeptIsIzm] – скептицизм
to violate sth [vaIq. leIt] – нарушать чтол.
transaction [trxnzxkS(q)n] – сделка, ведение дел
Body signals
Good manners:
Smile
Handshake
Arms uncrossed
Leaning forward
Bad manners:
Arms crossed
Getting too close
What do they demonstrate?
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
b) Listen again and explain why hand movement, smile and
eyes are important.
Do you think they improve social communication / lower stress
in business?
c) Say if any of the politeness rules are new to you.
42. Learning social customs enables to avoid a culture shock. If
you really want to understand things, ask native speakers for a
more focused explanation.
Asking for clarification:
Sorry, but I’m not clear I hate to bother you again, but do
on ...
you happen to know ...?
Would you please explain what I’m afraid I don’t quite underyou mean?
stand you.
Do
you
mean
to
say I didn’t quite follow what you
that ... ?
said about...
Would you mind telling me ...? Can you give me an example of
Could you tell me a bit more this?
about ... ?
556
Don’t forget to thank in reply:
You were a real help.
I appreciate your help.
43. Roleplay a few situations. Include the above strategies. You
arrived in London only a week ago ...
While driving your car you didn’t notice a new speed limit sign
on the road. What do you say to the policeman?
At a party you are introduced to a lady. But unfortunately you
forget her name.
You are making an appointment with your colleague on the
phone. The line is bad and you can’t catch his last words.
You need some flowers. Ask someone about the shop and the way
to reach it. You have to ask twice.
You don’t know what stamp to put on a postcard to a British
address.
You’ve bought some new batteries for your radio and you ask
your foreign friend to explain how to put them in.
You don’t understand the word “tolerance”.
Your wife is out. An Englishman is calling. He’s interested to
know where she is.
44. Consolidation “What do you say?”
a) Make sure you can communicate fluently in different situations using suitable expressions.
1. Give directions from your office to the closest station or airport.
2. The radio you bought yesterday doesn’t work properly. You
take it back to the shop. What do you say to the shop assistant?
3. A visitor asks if he can use the office telephone, but you are
expecting a call yourself.
4. You are at an important negotiation. Somebody asks you for the
permission to smoke.
5. A foreign colleague invites you to the theatre. You cannot
attend, because you have already accepted another invitation.
6. You see an attractive person at an international conference.
Start up a conversation.
557
– You have forgotten the name of the person you are talking
to. Find it out politely.
– You don’t know what to call him – John or Mr. Craig.
7. You are at a party.
– You want to get away from someone who will not stop
talking.
– You’ve just spilled red wine on a partner’s dress.
8. You are having dinner with a foreign colleague in a restaurant.
– The food is unfamiliar to you and you do not know what to
choose.
– He has offered you a glass of champagne. You do not drink
alcohol.
– The waiter has given you the bill. You are sure it is much too
high.
b) Match these expressions with the functions in the table
below. Say which of them may be used
– on formal occasions;
– in informal speech situations;
– in everyday situations which are neither very formal, nor very
informal.
1. “Do you mind if I smoke?” “Well, I’d rather you didn’t. I feel
sick when people smoke.”
2. You couldn’t change a 20 dollar bill, could you?
3. I didn’t mean to hurt you. I apologize.
4. Happen to know where Victoria Station is?
5. I hate to disturb you but the noise from your room is really
bothering me.
6. How about a drink? – Not at the moment. Thanks anyway.
7. Did he tell you he was going to leave? By the way …
8. Excuse me, anyone sitting here?
9. Thanks for calling, Mr. Saxton. I hope you don’t mind if I ask
you to contact me direct if you have any further questions
about exact flight schedules.
10. “Could we meet tonight?” “This evening is a bit of a problem
I’m afraid. What about tomorrow?”
11. Excuse me, could I trouble you to give me some directions?
12. It’s all very well to say, but look, that would mean…
558
Communicative
Functions
Formal
Informal
1. Changing the
subject
General
By the way…
2. Asking for
information
3. Making and
rejecting suggestions
4. Apologizing
5. Asking for
clarification
6. Complaining
7. Making an
appointment
8. Getting people
to do things
45. Roleplay the game on p. 524.
Set 2
Business letters
Деловые письма
46. Consolidation.
a) Match the phrases to the functions they express.
Functions
1. Making reference
2. Explaining the reason for
writing
3. Requesting
4. Enclosing documents
5. Confirming
6. Giving bad news
7. Thanking
Standard phrases
a. Could you possibly...?
b. I am afraid that...
c. With reference to your letter of
23 March...
d. Please find enclosed
e. I am writing to enquire about...
f. Please contact us again if we
can help in any way
559
8. Apologizing
g. We apologize for the mistake.
h. Thank you very much for send
9. Referring to future contact
ing...
10. Finishing the letter
i. I am pleased to confirm that...
j. I look forward to seeing you
next month.
b) Complete the letter with the suitable phrases.
Note!
provisional – ориентировочный, предварительный
INSTITUTE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION
51 St. John’s Street, Manchester M 1 4DF
Prof. R. Gable
19 A Gloucester St
Faringdon
OXON OSN 7JA
15 April
Dear Richard
____________________________ to ask you if you could make
a presentation of your latest research at our annual conference
next month.
____________________________ a provisional programme, to
give you an idea of the main topics, and details of the conference
hotel.
____________________________ not writing to ask you earlier, and I very much hope that you will be able to talk to us.
____________________________.
With best wishes
Yours sincerely
Dr Jonathan Weiner
Director
47. Write a letter of reply to Dr Jonathan Weiner. Agree to his
request. Include these functions in your letter.
1. Making reference
2. Thanking
3. Confirming
560
4. Requesting
5. Finishing the letter
Section IV
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 18
1. Choose the right word.
1. __________ must work hard if they want to pass exams.
a) all
b) everyone
c) somebody
2. “Who went there with her?” “__________ did. She went there
by herself.”
a) some b) somehow
c) somebody
d) nobody
3. _______ never knows what to say in such situations.
a) no one
b) someone
c) one
d) each one
4. No one could find Nick ____________.
a) somewhere b) anywhere
c) nowhere
d) everywhere
5. I’d like to know ________ about the incident.
a) each b) everything
c) all
6. Have you written ___________ names?
a) everybody
b) everybodys
c) everybody’s
d) everybodies
7. That’s ____________ business, but ______.
a) anybody’s ... my
b) anybody’s ...mine
c) nobody’s ... my
d) nobody’s ...mine
2. Complete the sentences with “some”, “any”, “no” and their
compounds.
1. “I can hear a noise. I think ____________ is outside. Who do
you think it might be?” “I don’t have ________ idea.”
2. “How much did it cost to visit the museum?” “__________, the
ticket was free.”
3. With this travel card you can go __________ you like on
________ bus you like.
4. __________ and __________ will upset my plans.
5. She’s very secretive. She never tells
__________ __________.
561
3. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English
using the Complex Object.
1. Вы хотите, чтобы я изменил своё мнение? 2. Нам бы хотелось,
чтобы вы ещё раз объяснили нам это правило. 3. В ателье мне
укоротили и отгладили брюки. 4. Дайте нам знать, когда они
уедут в Италию. 5. Анна побуждает меня проанализировать мои
действия, чтобы понять, `что стало помехой моему успеху. 6.
Отец всегда разрешал детям есть столько мороженого, сколько
им нравится. 7. Они не хотят, чтобы приходил ктонибудь ещё.
4. Come up with the right phrasal verb. Mind the correct tense
form.
turn on / off
get along with
look after
look through
look up
give up
brush up
take care of
1. She asked her secretary to ___________ the travel arrangements. 2. I _________ Mr. Harris’ number in the telephone book
and gave the number to the operator. 3. It’s convenient to have an
automatic cooker. It ______ itself ___ and ___. 4. You must
________ your German if you are going to work in Germany. 5. I
don’t __________ my motherinlaw very well. We often disagree.
6. Who is going to ___________ your correspondence while you
are away? 7. The doctor told him to _______ alcohol. 8. I gave my
valuables to the bank to __________.
5. Arrange the verbs into 4 groups according to the preposition
following the verb. Write down nouns that go with these set expressions.
a) to
b) on
1. to participate
2. to happen
3. to smile
4. to protect
5. to depend
562
c) in
d) from
6. to belong
7. to prevent
8. to concentrate
9. to enrol
10. to die
e) at
Word List (Unit 18)
A
admire
adopt
adoption
agreement
ambition
B
be keen (on)
behaviour
borrow
C
campaign
come round
community
confrontation
constant
cooperation
courage
D
declare
declaration
democracy
democratic
demonstrate
describe (as)
despotism
E
effort
election
equal
essential
exist
extend
F
fame
formation
found
poverty
pretend
principle
promote
G
gain
get along
global
go down in history
guarantee
R
regulate
represent
respect
I
improve
incorporate
instability
K
keep house
L
leadership
legal
look after
look up
M
make an effort
manners
O
organization
S
security
skepticism
slavery
stability
standard
stock market
struggle
stumble
stumbling block
T
tolerance
transaction
V
violate
violation
W
wellbeing
P
passage
patriotism
politician
563
GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT
Unit 13
Простое прошедшее время ( The Past Simple Tense )
Формообразование
Все глаголы в английском языке делятся на две группы по
способу образования прошедшего времени и причастия прошедшего времени. Это правильные (regular verbs) и неправильные (irregular verbs) глаголы. Правильные глаголы
образуют Past Simple с помощью окончания – (e)d, которое
прибавляется к основе смыслового глагола: advise – advised;
study – studied.
Time expressions: last night (Saturday/week/month/year)
yesterday morning (afternoon/evening)
(+)
He phoned me the day before yesterday.
()
He didn’t (did not) phone me yesterday.
(?)
“Did he phone you yesterday?” “Yes, he did. / No,
he
didn’t. (did not) When did he phone you?
Сравните вопрос к подлежащему с вопросом к дополнению,
например:
The hunter killed the bear.
“Who killed the bear?” “The hunter did.”
“Who did the hunter kill?” “The hunter killed the bear.”
Заметьте, что глагол to have в прошедшем времени имеет
форму had. Постановка отрицательных и вопросительных предложений с глаголом to have требует применения вспомогательного глагола did:
(+) I had some money. () I didn’t have any money. (?) Did you
have any money?
Значение и употребление
The Past Simple Tense употребляется:
a) для констатации фактов или событий в прошлом:
He very much enjoyed the party. Он очень хорошо
повеселился.
564
б) для выражения последовательности прошедших действий:
Tom arrived at the railway station, went to the booking office
and bought a ticket.
в) для выражения обычного, повторяющегося действия в
прошлом:
When I lived in Manchester, I worked in a bank.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
В подобных случаях вместо Simple Past часто употребляется
выражение used to [ju:stq]:
We used to go to France every summer, but once, in 1998, we went
to Greece. Бывало (когдато раньше) мы каждое лето ездили во
Францию и лишь однажды, в 1998 году, мы побывали в Греции.
Заметьте, что в указанном предложении, в отличие от used to go,
глагол went выражает конкретное действие в прошлом.
Модальные глаголы в Past Simple
1. Модальный глагол could является формой прошедшего
времени модального глагола can и употребляется в сочетании с
инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы to.
a) Как и глагол can, глагол could означает возможность,
умение и способность к совершению действия, только в контексте прошедшего времени:
When I was young, I could run very fast. В молодости я умел
быстро бегать.
They could not come to the party. Они не могли прийти.
( У них не было возможности.)
б) Другое значение глагола could – разрешение, предложение помощи, обычно употребляется в вопросительных предложениях в контексте настоящего времени:
Could I turn up the TV? Позвольте сделать телевизор
погромче.
Не следует забывать, что в значении просьбы could имеет
более вежливый оттенок, чем can:
Could you introduce me to Mr. Johnson? Не могли бы вы
представить меня гну Джонсону?
2. Наряду с could в прошедшем времени употребляется
конструкция was/were able tо, которая по своему значению ана565
логична модальному глаголу can с той лишь разницей, что обозначaет действие, совершённое в конкретно обусловленной
ситуации:
We were not able to translate the article without a dictionary.
Мы были не в состоянии перевести статью без словаря.
Когда речь идёт о фактически совершившемся действии,
употребляется только was able to в значении “сумел, смог, был
в состоянии...” Сравните could и was able to на следующих
примерах:
Jack could beat any tennis player. Джэк мог выиграть в тен
нис у любого.
Once he had a difficult game against Martin. Martin played
very well, but in the end Jack was able to beat him. В конце
концов Джэк сумел победить его.
Схема построения общего вопроса такова:
“Were you able to contact him at last?”
“Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.”
Следует заметить, что сочетание to be able to заменяет не
только can и could, но и другие недостающие формы глагола
can: I have been able to..., I will be able to...
Употребление отрицательной формы couldn’t возможно в
любой ситуации:
The policeman сhased the thief but he couldn’t catch him.
Полицейский погнался за вором, но не смог схватить его.
Возвратные местоимения (Reflexive Pronouns)
Возвратные местоимения образуются путём прибавления к
притяжательным местоимениям my, our, your, личным местоимениям him, her, it, them и неопределённому местоимению
one окончания self/selves.
Лицо
Единственное число
Множественное число
1е
myself
ourselves
2е
yourself
yourselves
3е
himself
herself
itself
themselves
566
Неопределённоличная
форма
oneself
1. Возвратные местоимения могут употребляться в функции дополнения и соответствуют в русском языке:
a) частице ся (сь), которая придаёт глаголам возвратное
значение, то есть показывает, что действие переходит на само
действующее лицо:
Be careful! Don’t сut yourself. Будьте осторожны!
Не порежьтесь.
Следует обратить внимание на то, что с такими глаголами
как to wash умываться, to dress одеваться, to shave бриться, to
hide прятаться возвратные местоимения часто опускаются:
Hide behind the tree. Спрячьтесь за деревом.
б) возвратному местоимению себя (себе, cобой):
He bought herself some new clothes. Он купил себе новую
одежду.
Look at yourself in the mirror. Посмотри на себя в зеркало.
2. Возвратные местоимения употребляются для усиления
существительного или местоимения. В эмфатическом значении
они переводятся на русский язык местоимением сам:
You yourself must take care of your parents. Вы сами
должны позаботиться о своих родителях.
We saw the President himself. Мы видели самого
президента.
Инфинитив (Infinitive)
Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая
свойства глагола и существительного.
Свойства глагола состоят в том, что инфинитив обладает
категориями вида (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect
Continuous), залога (Active, Passive), может иметь зависимые
слова и определяться наречием. Кроме того, инфинитив входит
в состав составных глагольных сказуемых.
567
Свойства существительного состоят в том, что в предложении инфинитив может выполнять те же функции, что и
существительное.
Синтаксические функции инфинитива
В предложении инфинитив может быть:
подлежащим:
To watch him eating gets on my nerves. Наблюдать его за
едой действует мне на нервы.
2)
частью составного сказуемого;
The main thing is to remain silent. Самое главное –
сохранять молчание.
3)
дополнением (или частью сложного дополнения):
He offered me to unload the car. Он вызвался разгрузить
машину.
4)
обстоятельством:
a) цели: He came to London to find a job. Он приехал в
Лондон, чтобы найти работу.
б) результата (со словами too или enough): You’re clever
enough to understand what is happening. Вы достаточно
умны, чтобы понять, что происходит.
Дополнительная информация об инфинитиве в составе
сложного дополнения будет представлена в Примечании § 14 и
в § 18.
1)
Косвенная речь (Indirect speech)
Слова, которые произносятся говорящим, могут передаваться в другом месте и другими лицами. Вследствие этого
между прямой и косвенной речью существуют логические и
грамматические различия. Если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено глаголом в настоящем или будущем времени (в том числе в Present Perfect), то глагол в придаточном
предложении не подвергается никаким изменениям.
Косвенная речь менее эмоционально окрашена, чем прямая. Обращения, вводные слова, междометия, имеющиеся в
прямой речи, в косвенной речи опускаются. Косвенная речь
имеет форму изъяснительного придаточного предложения с
568
союзами that, if/whether и всеми союзными словами при переводе утверждений, вопросов и ответов.
1. Перевод в косвенную речь просьбы, приказа, обещания,
совета или предложения происходит с помощью инфинитива. В
качестве глаголов, вводящих косвенную речь, чаще всего употребляются to ask, to tell.
The policeman says, “Don’t park here.” Nick answers, ‘OK,
I’ll be careful.”
The policeman tells Nick not to park here. Nick agrees/prom
ises to be careful.
2. Для перевода повествовательных предложений в косвенную речь придаточные предложения присоединяются к словам
автора союзом “that”, который нередко опускается.
She says ( that ) she doesn’t want to play any more.
3. При передачи специальных вопросов в косвенной речи
сохраняются все союзные слова:
how they feel.
Peter wonders
what film they’re watching now.
why Sheila has to sign the papers.
Особое внимание следует обращать на форму личных и притяжательных местоимений. В прямой речи они употребляются
с точки зрения говорящего лица, в косвенной – с точки зрения
автора. Кроме того, в косвенной речи соблюдается прямой
порядок слов английского предложения:
He asks, “When are you leaving?” He wants to know when I
am leaving.
4. При переводе общих вопросов придаточные предложения присоединяются к словам автора с помощью союзов if /
whether:
The driver asks the passengers, “Do you want the town
centre?”
The driver asks if/whether the passengers want the town centre.
Примечательно, что утвердительные и отрицательные ответы в косвенной речи приобретают следующую форму:
Tom answers, “Yes, I do.” Mary answers, “No, I don’t.”
Tom answers in the affirmative. Mary answers in the negative.
569
Irregular verbs
1. Verbs which are the same
in all three forms
Base form
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
set
shut
Past
Simple
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
set
shut
Past
Participle
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
set
shut
3. Verbs which have the same
form for Past Simple and
Past Participle
Base form
bring
build
burn
buy
catch
dream
feed
feel
fight
find
get
hang
have
hear
hold
keep
lay
leave
lose
make
meet
say
sell
send
shine
sit
570
Past
Simple
brought
built
burnt
bought
caught
dreamt
fed
felt
fought
found
got
hung
had
heard
held
kept
laid
left
lost
made
met
said
sold
sent
shone
sat
Past
participle
brought
built
burnt
bought
caught
dreamt
fed
felt
fought
found
got
hung
had
heard
held
kept
laid
left
lost
made
met
said
sold
sent
shone
sat
2. Verbs which have
the same form for the base form
and past participle
Base form
come
become
run
Past
Simple
came
became
ran
Past
Participle
come
become
run
4. Verbs which have
all forms different
Base form
be
begin
bite
blow
break
choose
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
fly
forget
freeze
give
go
hide
know
lie
ride
ring
see
shake
sing
speak
Past
Simple
was/were
began
bit
blew
broke
chose
did
drew
drank
drove
ate
fell
flew
forgot
froze
gave
went
hid
knew
lay
rode
rang
saw
shook
sang
spoke
Past
participle
been
begun
bitten
blown
broken
chosen
done
drawn
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
flown
forgotten
frozen
given
gone
hidden
known
lain
ridden
rung
seen
shaken
sung
spoken
sleep
spend
stand
teach
think
win
slept
spent
stood
taught
thought
won
slept
spent
stood
taught
thought
won
steal
swim
take
tear
throw
wear
stole
swam
took
tore
threw
wore
stolen
swum
taken
torn
thrown
worn
Unit 14
Модальный глагол “must” и другие способы выражения
долженствования
Глагол must в сочетании с основой глагола употребляется
для выражения
а) долженствования в настоящем и будущем времени,
которое исходит от самого говорящего:
I must phone home. Я должен позвонить домой.
б) убедительного пожелания:
She must see “Daughter of the Moon” – it’s a great film.
в) приказания:
You must arrive at work on time. Вы обязаны приезжать на
работу вовремя.
Заметьте, что если в утвердительной и вопросительной формах must выражает долженствование, то в отрицательной категорический запрет:
You must not mention this name. Вам нельзя упоминать это
имя.
Для выражения отсутствия необходимости употребляется
глагол need not:
“Must I post the letter tomorrow?” “No, you needn’t.”
Must имеет только форму настоящего времени. В остальных формах вместо него употребляется один из эквивалентов:
have to или be to. Оба эквивалента являются самостоятельными
модальными глаголами с собственными значениями.
Модальное выражение have to используется в более
широком плане и означает необходимость совершения действия,
вызванную правилами или обстоятельствами:
Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. По воскресеньям
католики должны ходить в церковь.
571
You don’t have to iron nylon shirts. Нет надобности гладить
нейлоновые рубашки.
Глаголу have to для образования форм требуются вспомогательные глаголы. Например:
You don’t have to sign your name here. Вам не нужно ставить
здесь свою подпись.
He didn’t have to do it himself. Ему не было нужды делать
это самому.
Be to
Be to выражает необходимость действия, обусловленную
планом, расписанием, приказанием, предварительной договорённостью. Например:
We were to meet at 6. Мы договорились встретиться в 6.
Поскольку глагол be to выражает то, что запланировано на
будущее, он обычно не употребляется в форме будущего времени. Например:
What are we to do next week? Что нам положено/велено
сделать на той неделе?
Причастие (Participle)
Наиболее употребительны формы причастия Present Active
(Participle I), которая служит для образования времён группы
Continuous, и Past Passive (Participle II), которая используется
в качестве основы времён группы Perfect.
Participle I: asking, giving;
Participle II: asked, given.
Cинтаксические функции причастия
В предложении причастие может быть в функции
определения. Participle I соответствует русскому причастию
настоящего времени действительного залога:
Children needing medical attention. Дети, нуждающиеся
в медицинской помощи.
Participle II в этой же функции соответствует русскому
страдательному причастию прошедшего времени:
572
Books arranged on the shelf. Книги, расставленные на полке.
Заметьте, что русскому действительному причастию
прошедшего времени в функции определения в английском
языке соответствует придаточное определительное:
The artist who has painted this picture. Художник,
написавший эту картину.
Кроме того, в предложении причастие может служить
частью сложного дополнения после глаголов физического
восприятия (see, hear, feel watch, notice, smell), а также после
других глаголов (find, get, have, make). Причастие выражает
длительный характер действия, и на русский язык оборот с
причастием переводится придаточным предложением с
глаголом несовершенного вида:
Didn’t you hear the clock striking? Разве вы не слышали,
как били часы?
I found him drinking my wine. Я обнаружил, что он пьёт
моё вино.
She is going to have her hair cut. Она собирается постричься.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Глаголы физического восприятия могут сопровождаться
инфинитивом без частицы to. В отличие от причастия, инфинитив
выражает законченное действие, поэтому оборот с инфинитивом
переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением с
глаголом несовершенного вида. Сравните:
We watched them rehearsing the play. Мы наблюдали, как они
репетировали пьесу.
I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document,
photograph it and put it back. Я видел, как он вошёл в комнату,
открыл ключом ящик стола, достал документ, сфотографировал
его и положил на место.
О других функциях причастия будет сказано далее.
Прошедшее продолженное время
(The Past Continuous Tense)
Past Continuous образуется с помощью вспомогательного
глагола to be в прошедшем времени и причастия 1 смыслового
глагола.
573
Формообразование
(+)
()
(?)
(?)
I was speaking. We were speaking.
I wasn’t (was not) speaking. We weren’t (were not)
speaking
Was I speaking? Yes, you were. Were we speaking?
No, you weren’t (were not).
Was I not speaking? Wasn’t I speaking? Were we not
speaking? Weren’t we speaking?
Значение и употребление
Past Continuous выражает прошедшее действие в процессе
его совершения, то есть незаконченное длительное действие,
которое переводится на русский язык глаголом прошедшего
времени несовершенного вида:
The car was moving slowly through the Central Square.
Машина медленно двигалась по Центральной площади.
1. Past Continuous всегда соотносится с определённым
моментом в прошлом. Момент в прошлом, по отношению к
которому действие рассматривается как процесс, обычно
обозначается с помощью обстоятельства времени:
It was raining at noon. В полдень шёл дождь.
I was walking the dog at 10. Я гулял с собакой в 10.
При употреблении Past Continuous с обстоятельствами
времени, указывающими на ограниченный период времени,
говорящий подчёркивает момент процессуальности действия.
При этом его совершенно не интересует, было ли закончено это
действие:
She was listening in all evening. Она весь вечер слушала
радио.
In July he was getting ready for his entrance exams. В июле
он готовился к экзаменам.
2. Момент в прошлом может обозначаться с помощью
другого действия, выраженного прошедшим временем:
When Jim was working in the garden, he hurt his arm. Когда
Джим работал в саду, он ушиб руку.
When I was watching TV, the telephone rang. Когда
зазвонил телефон, я смотрел телевизор.
574
Как видно из приведенных примеров, Past Continuous
может употребляться как в главном, так и в придаточном
предложениях.
3. Когда два длительных действия совершаются одновременно, они оба выражаются посредством Past Continuous:
I was having a picnic while you were reading for the seminar.
Я был на пикнике, пока ты готовился к семинару.
В предложениях с наречиями always и constantly Past
Continuous, как и Present Continuous, употребляется для
обозначения событий, которые происходят часто и неожиданно
(но не регулярно): I am always losing my keys. Вечно я теряю
ключи. Martha was constantly arranging surprise parties. Марта
неизменно устраивала импровизированные вечеринки.
Согласование времён (Sequence of Tenses)
Как отмечалось в разделе “Косвенная речь” (Unit 13), в английском языке форма глагола в дополнительном придаточном
предложении зависит от времени, к которому относится глагол
в главном предложении.
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом
настоящего времени, то глагол в придаточном предложении
имеет ту временную форму, которая требуется по смыслу.
are busy.
I know that you
were busy.
will be busy.
Правила согласования времён вступают в силу, когда сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом прошедшего
времени.
Для обозначения действия, происходящего одновременно с
действием главного предложения, в придаточном предложении
употребляется глагол в одной из форм прошедшего времени:
I was sure that I had enough time. Я был уверен, что времени
у меня достаточно.
She wanted to know where we were going. Ей хотелось знать,
куда мы идём.
Заметьте, что в русском языке для выражения действия,
совпадающего по времени с действием главного предложения,
употребляется настоящее время. Подобное расхождение в упот575
реблении времён следует учитывать при переводе с английского языка на русский.
Правила согласования времён соблюдаются при изменении
прямой речи в косвенную:
“Can you swim?” I asked him.
I asked him if / whether he could swim. Я спросил у него,
умеет ли он плавать.
Следует помнить, что указательные местоимения, наречия
времени и места заменяются по смыслу следующими словами:
Direct Speech
here
now
this – these
today; tonight; this week
next week
ago
before
last week / Monday
yesterday
the day before yesterday
tomorrow
Reported Speech
there
then / at the moment
that (the) those (the)
that day; that night; that week
the next week / the week after /
the following week
before
earlier
the week before / the Monday
before
the day before / the previous day
two days before
the next day; the following day
Например:
“I have to think now, before I decide”, said Tom.
Tom said he had to think then, before he decided. Том сказал,
что ему нужно подумать сейчас, прежде чем принимать
решение.
Unit 15
Модальный глагол “should”
Модальные глаголы should и ought to взаимозаменяемы,
однако should употребляется чаще. Оба глагола выражают
совет, желательность, целесообразность выполнения действия
и соответствуют русскому следует. Например:
576
Sid and Ann should / ought to get married. Им следует
пожениться.
Leon ought to be more sensible, shouldn’t he? Леону следует
быть разумнее, не так ли?
Ought to обычно адресуется к моральным чувствам человека, в остальных случаях значения глаголов совпадают.
Например:
He ought to keep a family of his own. Его долг содержать семью.
Данные глаголы имеют только одну форму, поэтому для
отнесения действия к разному времени они употребляются с
разными видами инфинитива.
Rob should/ought to be back tomorrow. Пора бы ему завтра и
вернуться (оценка вероятности события).
She shouldn’t be asking questions all the time. Ей не следует
всё время задавать вопросы.
Имея сходные значения с глаголом must, should и ought to
выражают меньшую долю вероятности того, что указанное
событие произойдёт. Сравните:
The doctor said I must give up smoking. Врач сказал, чтобы я
бросил курить (приказ, которому наверняка подчинятся).
You really ought to give up smoking. Вам действительно
нужно бросать курить (совет, которому могут не последовать).
Модальный глагол had better (‘d better) обозначает совет с
оттенком предупреждения:
You’d better take an umbrella. It may rain. Вам лучше взять
зонт, может пойти дождь.
You should go and see Fred one of these days. You’d better do
it soon – he’s leaving for South Africa.
Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
Degrees of Comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Сравнение может быть выражено с помощью прилагательных, которые являются определением существительных; наречий, определяющих смысловые глаголы, и некоторых местоимений.
Cуществуют три степени сравнения: положительная, сравнительная и превосходная. Сравнительная и превосходная
577
степени могут образовываться синтетическим либо аналитическим способом.
а) Все односложные прилагательные и наречия образуют
степени сравнения синтетическим способом, т.е. c помощью
суффикса *er для сравнительной и *est для превосходной
степени. Например:
Положительная Сравнительная
Односложные
thin (тонкий)
прилагательные
и наречия
fast (быстро)
gay (весёлый)
Превосходная
thinner (тоньше) thinnest (самый
тонкий)
faster
fastest
gayer
gayest
Синтетический способ обычно используется при образовании степеней сравнения двусложных прилагательных, оканчивающихся на – y, – er, ow, le.
Двусложные
прилагатель
ные
Положительная Сравнительная
Превосходная
happy
(счастливый)
clever (умный)
narrow (узкий)
simple (простой)
happier
happiest
cleverer
narrower
simpler
cleverest
narrowest
simplest
Данным путём образуются степени сравнения также ряда
других двусложных прилагательных:
Положительная Сравнительная
Двусложные
polite
прилагательные (вежливый)
severe (строгий)
sincere
(искренний)
common
(обычный)
Превосходная
politer
politest
severer
sincerer
severest
sincerest
commoner
commonest
б) Аналитическим способом образуются степени сравнения
остальных двусложных, а также многосложных прилагательных и наречий.
578
Положительная Сравнительная
Многосложные active
прилагательные exciting
и наречия
dangerous
more active
more exciting
more (less) dangerous
Превосходная
most active
most exciting
most (least) dangerous
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Слово most, наряду с употреблением для образования
превосходной степени прилагательного, может употребляться в
значении “крайне”, “весьма”. В таких случаях в единственном
числе употребляется неопределённый артикль, тогда как во
множественном – артикль отсутствует. Например:
This is a most capable student. Это весьма способный студент.
These are most capable students. Это весьма способные студенты.
Слова, образующие степени сравнения
изменением основы
good (хороший)
well (хорошо)
bad (плохой)
badly (плохо)
ill (больной)
much
many (много)
little (мало)
better
best
worse
worst
more
most
less
least
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Местоимение little употребляется только с неисчисляемыми
существительными:
little snow – less snow – least snow
мало снега – меньше – меньше всего
С исчисляемыми существительными употребляется местоимение
few, которое образует степени сравнения синтетическим путём.
Например:
few books – fewer books – fewest books
мало книг – меньше – меньше всего
Прилагательное little (маленький) не имеет степеней сравнения.
579
Сравните:
What a nice little garden! It is smaller than mine.
Прилагательные и наречия,
имеющие два варианта степеней сравнения
old (старый)
older – oldest (сравнение по возрасту)
elder – eldest (употр. не для сравнения, а для
обознач. статуса человека в группе или семье)
Сравн.: My elder brother is 2 years older than I.
far (далёкий,
далеко)
farther – farthest (дальше по расстоянию)
further – furthest (дальнейший по порядку
следования или ходу рассуждения)
В некоторых случаях варианты степеней сравнения имеют
одинаковое значение и употребляются на равных:
often – oftener/more often – oftenest/most often
quickly – quicker/more quickly – quickest/most quickly
slowly – slower/more slowly – slowest/most slowly
в) Структура сравнительного предложения.
После сравнительной степени употребляется союз than,
соответствующий в русском языке союзу чем:
My watch is cheaper/less expensive than yours.
Мои часы дешевле, чем ваши (дешевле ваших).
Для усиления сравнительной степени употребляются слова
much/far (гораздо). Например:
There are much/far nicer shops in the centre.
Russian is much/far more difficult than Spanish.
Употребление превосходной степени возможно только при
сравнении не менее трёх предметов. Обратите внимание на
структуру предложений:
She is the fastest player in the team.
This girl is the more beautiful of the two.
г) Другие способы выражения сравнения.
Для сравнения двух предметов одинакового качества
используется союз as...as + прилагательное/наречие. Например:
He is just as strong as ever. Он как всегда полон сил.
580
I ate as much as I could. Я съел сколько смог.
Please get here as soon as possible. Пожалуйста, приезжай
сюда как моожно быстрей.
С помощью указанного союза можно сравнивать и неравные качества и количества, отличающиеся друг от друга в
несколько раз. Например:
I have three times as much money as you do. У меня втрое
больше денег, чем у тебя.
This road is half as long as that one. Эта дорога вдвое короче
той.
Устойчивое употребление артиклей
По своему значению все существительные делятся на две
группы: имена собственные и имена нарицательные. Имеется
ряд существительных, употребление артикля с которыми
является устойчивым.
C нулевым артиклем употребляются имена собственные,
обозначающие:
1. Континенты/страны/штаты/графства/города/озёра:
Africa, Brazil, Texas, Berkshire, New York, Lake Michigan;
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Исключение составляют некоторые географические названия:
the Netherlands, the Hague, the Crimea
2. Отдельные горные пики: Everest, Ben Nevis;
3. Воздушные и морские порты:
Heathrow Airport, Birmingham Airport, London Port;
4. Станции железной дороги, метро:
Waterloo Station, Green Park Station;
5. Улицы/площади/cоборы/мосты/парки:
Downing Street, Piccadilly Circus, Red Square,
St. Paul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Hyde Park;
6. Колледжи и университеты: Ealing College, Columbia University;
7. Известные культурные и общественные учреждения,
организации:
London Zoo, Westminster Abbey, Manchester City Council.
581
С определённым артиклем употребляются названия,
которые состоят из имени нарицательного с определением и
обозначают следующие страноведческие объекты.
1. Отели, музеи, памятники архитектуры, театры, кинотеатры:
the Hilton, the Grand Hotel,
the hotel Rossia,
the Pushkin Museum,
the Odeon,
the Taganka Theatre,
the Nelson Column, the Dolgoruky Monument.
2. Общественные места, здания с предлогом of:
the Houses of Parliament,
the Tower of London
the Museum of Modern Art,
the Bank of England.
3. Регионы: the Middle East, the Far East.
4. Океаны/моря/пустыни:
the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, the Sahara Desert.
Под данную категорию подпадают словосочетания со
словами republic, union, state:
the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China,
the United Kingdom, the United States.
С определённым артиклем также употребляются названия:
горных цепей (the Alps, the Urals, the West Indies);
рек (the Thames, the Volga);
судов (the Titanic).
Unit 16
Настоящее завершённое время (The Present Perfect Tense)
Формообразование
The Present Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в настоящем времени и Past Participle
смыслового глагола, т.е. третьей формы глагола.
Time expressions: already – уже (в утвердительных
предложениях);
yet – ещё, уже (в отрицат. и вопросит.
предложениях);
so far – до сих пор, пока;
just – только что (в утвердит. предложениях);
ever – когдалибо; never – никогда;
582
recently/of late – недавно; (lately – обычно в
вопросительных и отрицательных
предложениях);
once, twice, many times.
(+)
()
(?)
Jim has already finished his work.
Jim hasn’t finished his work yet.
“Has Jim finished his work yet?” “Yes, he has. / No,
he hasn’t (has not).”
Значение и употребление
1. Present Perfect обозначает действие, которое завершилось к моменту речи и результат которого налицо или ощущается в настоящем:
The packet is empty. Have you smoked all your cigarettes?
It’s the most boring film I have ever seen. Это самый
скучный фильм из всех, что я видел.
В соответствии с первым значением Present Perfect употребляется, когда говорящего интересует не время, а результат
совершения действия. В этом случае в предложении либо
вообще отсутствует обстоятельство времени (a), либо оно выражено наречиями частотности (b) или неопределённого времени
(c):
a) I have lost my umbrella. Я потерял зонт.
b) “How many times have they been to Miami?” “They’ve
been there twice.”
c) They have just arrived. Они только что прибыли.
В подобных случаях Present Perfect, как и Past Simple,
переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем глагола
совершенного вида. Однако между данными грамматическими
формами имеется существенная разница. Past Simple, в отличие
от Present Perfect, констатирует факт совершения действия в
прошлом. Сравните:
He has been to Spain. (Важен результат действия.)
When did he return? (Важно время совершения действия
в прошлом.)
Заметьте, что “has been to” используется в значении “уехать
и приехать” и выражает законченное действие.
583
2. Present Perfect обозначает действие, которое началось в
прошлом, продолжалось в течение некоторого времени вплоть
до настоящего момента и иногда продолжается в момент речи:
She has long known him. Она давно знает его.
Sam has been often ill in the last few weeks. В последнее
время Сэм часто болеет.
В соответствии со своим вторым значением Present Perfect
употребляется для указания периода продолжительности действия. В качестве обстоятельства времени выступают сочетания с предлогами for (в течение) и since (с), а также придаточные предложения с союзом since (с тех пор как). Cравните:
for 6 weeks.
He has been here
since July.
since he graduated from college.
В этом случае Present Perfect обычно переводится на
русский язык настоящим или прошедшим временем глагола
несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения.
3. Present Perfect может употребляться также с обстоятельственными словами, обозначающими ещё не истёкшие
периоды времени: today, this week, this month, this year и т.п.
It has rained three times this week. На этой неделе три
раза шёл дождь.
Have you read the newspaper today? Читали ли вы сегодня
газету?
Настоящее завершенное длительное время
(The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
Формообразование
Present Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи
вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Present Perfect (have
been, has been) и формы причастия настоящего времени (Present
Participle) смыслового глагола.
584
I
We
You
They
He
She
It
(+) ()
’ve (have)
haven’t (have not)
been waiting.
’s (has)
hasn’t (has not)
(?)
have
How long
has
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
been waiting.
Краткий ответ:
“Have you been running?” “Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.”
“Has he been shopping?” Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.”
Значение и употребление
Временные формы Perfect Continuous выражают:
1. Незаконченное действие, которое началось раньше и
длится до определённого момента в настоящем или прошлом
(длительное незаконченное действие). В этом случае Perfect
Continuous переводится на русский язык настоящим временем.
Для указания продолжительности действия употребляются те
же обстоятельства времени, что и для Present Perfect.
We have been waiting (for) 20 minutes for the bus. Мы ждём
автобуса уже 20 минут.
He has been working on his report for three weeks, but he
hasn’t made much progress. Он работает над своим докладом
три недели, но не сделал больших успехов.
Второе предложение демонстрирует разницу между Perfect
Continuous (длительность и незавершённость) и Perfect
(законченность действия и наличие результата).
2. Незаконченное действие, которое непосредственно
предшествует другому действию в настоящем или прошлом.
Put down what we have just been discussing. Запишите то,
что мы только что обсуждали.
585
3. Незаконченное действие, которое произошло раньше и
оставило след в прошлом или настоящем.
Her eyes are red. Has she been crying? У неё глаза красные.
Она плакала?
Чаще всего форме Perfect Continuous употребляются
глаголы, передающие идею длительности действия, такие как
work, wait, learn, travel, play:
I’ve been playing tennis since I was a boy. Я играю в теннис
с детства.
Глаголы, выражающие состояние (like, live, know, have), в
Perfect Continuous не употребляются:
How long have you known him? Как давно вы его знаете?
В Perfect Continuous также не употребляются глаголы,
обозначающие действия, которые не могут быть показаны в
процессе, такие как: find, start, lose, break, stop:
My mincing machine has broken. У меня сломалась
мясорубка.
Общие правила выбора артикля
Имена нарицательные подразделяются на исчисляемые и
неисчисляемые.
Исчисляемые существительные
В тех случаях, когда существительное имеет при себе
определение, выбор артикля нередко обусловлен характером
этого определения. Остановимся на двух категориях определений, которые влияют на употребление артикля: a) описательное определение; б) лимитирующее определение.
Описательное определение, выделяя лишь признак предмета, не изменяет значения слова и не оказывает влияния на
выбор артикля. Описательные определения могут быть в препозиции и в постпозиции по отношению к существительному.
Они указывают на какуюто дополнительную характеристику
данного свойства, качества или состояния.
Например:
We have a wonderful clock which is one hundred years old.
У нас есть замечательные часы, которым сто лет.
586
Лимитирующее определение выделяет весь предмет в целом
и противопоставляет его всем остальным таким же предметам,
тем самым делая его уникальным. Поэтому исчисляемые
существительные употребляются с определённым артиклем.
Сравните:
A letter which is written in pencil is difficult to read.
Письмо, которое написано карандашом, трудно читать. (В
этом предложении отсутствуют лимитирующие факторы.)
The letter brought by the secretary was very important.
Письмо, принесённое секретарём, было очень важным.
Лимитирующее определение brought by the secretary делает
письмо единственным в своём роде, на что и указывает
определённый артикль.
Слова right “правильный” и same “тот же самый” всегда
являются лимитирующими определениями. Например:
I’m sure I’ve done the right thing. Я уверен, что я поступил
правильно.
We used to live in the same village. Мы раньше жили в одной
деревне.
Аналогичное значение имеют и лимитирующий контекст,
и лимитирующая ситуация. Наиболее распространённым
видом лимитирующего контекста является второе упоминание
предмета в тексте. Например:
I saw a film last night. The film was about how people lived in
wartime.
Вчера я видел фильм. В фильме рассказывалось о жизни
людей во время войны.
Теперь рассмотрим пример лимитирующей ситуации.
Move the books off that chair and sit down. Отодвиньте
книги от стула и садитесь. (В данной ситуации собеседнику
понятно, какие именно книги имеются в виду, поскольку слово
books выражает конкретное понятие.)
Сравните:
Books are expensive. (Речь идёт о книгах вообще.)
Исчисляемые существительные в единственном числе
могут употребляться для обозначения всего класса аналогичных
предметов. В этом случае перед ними ставится определённый
артикль: the cinema (кино как вид искусства), the truth, the
future, the present, the past, to play the piano/the violin, etc.
587
I heard it on the radio. Я слышал это по радио.
Do you prefer the town or the country? Вы предпочитаете
город или деревню?
Isn’t the rose the most beautiful flower in the world? Разве
роза не самый прекрасный цветок в мире?
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Ecли исчисляемое существительное имеет значение “частный
случай общего понятия”, т.е. рассматривается как единичный
представитель данного класса предметов, лиц или животных, то
перед ним ставится неопределённый артикль. Cравните:
The deer is a large grasseating animal that is able to run very fast.
Олень – это крупное травоядное животное, способное
передвигаться очень быстро.
A baby deer can stand as soon as it’s born. Оленёнок встаёт на ноги
сразу после рождения.
Неисчисляемые существительные
Неисчисляемые существительные делятся на вещественные (money, light, hair, fruit) и абстрактные (life, nature,
friendship, geograghy). Неисчисляемые существительные употребляются с нулевым артиклем, когда речь идёт о веществе или
отвлечённом понятии понятии в общем смысле. Например:
Water from a well is always cold. Вода из колодца всегда
бывает холодной.
We are taking our first steps in space. Мы делаем первые
шаги в космосе.
Неисчисляемые существительные, имеющие при себе
определение, подчиняются общим правилам выбора артикля с
cамим существительным.
Примеры вещественных существительных:
Would you like some tea? Не хотите ли чаю? (частичный
артикль)
I usually drink sweeter tea. Я обычно пью более сладкий
чай.
Here’s the hot coffee she has brought you. Вот горячий кофе,
который она вам принесла.
Примеры абстрактных существительных:
I like music. Я люблю музыку.
588
I like 19th century music. Я люблю музыку 19 века.
I like the music of the 19th century. Я люблю музыку 19
века.
I like the music of this ballet. Я люблю музыку этого балета
(фразы с предлогом of).
Абстрактные существительные, имеющие при себе определения, могут употребляться и с неопределённым артиклем,
когда они выражают разновидность качества или чувства. В
этом случае неопределённый артикль имеет значение такой,
такого рода.
She has a cleverness, which helps her a lot. У неё есть
смекалка, которая её очень выручает.
Every mother wants a happy childhood for her child. Каждая
мать желает своему ребёнку счастливого детства.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Следующие абстрактные существительные никогда не
употребляются с неопределённым артиклем: pleasure, advice,
progress, fun, luck, weather, work, health, knowledge:
I get great pleasure out of work like this. Я получаю огромное
наслаждение от работы, подобной этой.
He’s making slow progress with his English. Он делает медленные
успехи в изучении английского языка.
I’ve never seen such weather in all my life. В жизни не видел такой
погоды.
Субстантивированные прилагательные и причастия всегда
употребляются с определённым артиклем. В этом случае они
передают значение собирательности (the poor – бедные; the
rich – богатые; the blind – слепые; the jobless – безработные) и
абстрактного качества (the white – белый цвет; the impossible
– невозможное). Например:
His drawings reveal his love for the grotesque. В рисунках
проявляется его любовь к гротеску.
Субстантивированные прилагательные также входят в
целый ряд устойчивых словосочетаний, например:
on the right/left
to the right/left
справа/слева
направо/налево
589
in the original
в оригинале
to change for the better/worse
измениться к лучшему/худшему
Таковы общие правила, определяющие выбор артикля.
Бессоюзные придаточные предложения
(Contact Clauses)
В английском языке широко распространены бессоюзные
дополнительные и определительные придаточные предложения.
В дополнительных придаточных предложениях союз that
может быть опущен, при этом структура придаточного предложения не меняется:
I know that he’s made a wonderful plan. Я знаю, что он
составил изумительный план.
I know he’s made a wonderful plan.
В определительных придаточных предложениях союзное
слово (whom, which или that) опускается только в том случае,
когда оно выполняет роль дополнения в этом придаточном
предложении:
What do you think of the wine (which) we drank last night?
Какого вы мнения о вине, которое мы пили вчера вечером?
She worked with my brother (whom) she later married. Она
работала с моим братом, за которого впоследствии и вышла
замуж.
Если относительное местоимение выступает в роли подлежащего в придаточном предложении, оно не может быть опущено:
People who take physical exercise live longer. Тот, кто делает
зарядку, живёт дольше.
Если whom и which выступают в придаточном предложении в роли предложного дополнения, то при бессоюзном подчинении предлог сохраняется и занимает позицию после смыслового глагола:
The man you were speaking to lectures us on the history of
Russia. Человек, с которым вы разговаривали, читает нам
лекции по истории России.
590
Unit 17
Простое будущее время (The Future Simple Tense)
Формообразование
The Future Simple Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола will для всех лиц и основы смыслового глагола.
I will do the shopping this afternoon. Днём я пойду за
покупками.
В британском варианте английского языка в первом лице
единственного и множественного числа могут использоваться
will / shall. Например:
We will/shall need new cassettes soon. Нам скоро понадобят
ся новые кассеты.
I will/shall be here in a couple of minutes. Я буду здесь через
пару минут.
Time expressions:
tomorrow / the day after tomorrow / one of these days /
in a week / in six months / next Monday (week, month, year)
(+)
( )
I
She
You
They
etc.
‘ll
arrive
(will) next
won’t week.
you
he
(?) When she
they
will
etc.
arrive?
A short answer:
“Will you start work at 9 o’clock sharp?”
“Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.”
Значение и употребление
1. Future Simple употребляется для констатации факта,
относящегося к будущему, либо для прогнозирования того или
иного грядущего события. Например:
He will be twenty next month. В следующем месяце ему
исполнится двадцать.
The Queen will open the new hospital next Thursday.
Королева будет открывать новую больницу в следующий
четверг.
591
Tomorrow will be warm, with some cloud in the afternoon.
Завтра будет тепло, но днём появится небольшая
облачность.
I shall be rich one day. Когданибудь я разбогатею.
You’ll never finish that book. Вы никогда не закончите ту
книгу.
2. Future Simple употребляется для обозначения как однократного, так и повторяющегося действия в будущем.
Например:
All the family will come to the wedding tomorrow.
She will have to take the medicine twice a day.
3. В предложении вспомогательный глагол will часто
сопровождается cледующими выражениями: I think, probably,
I’m sure, I expect.
You must meet Mr.Benchley. I’m sure you’ll like him. Вы
должны познакомиться с гном Бенчли. Я уверен, он вам
понравится.
Do you think they will win the match? По вашему мнению,
они выиграют этот матч?
Who do you think will win on Saturday? Как вы думаете, кто
в субботу одержит победу?
I expect he’ll be a bit late. Рассчитываю на то, что он немного
запоздает.
We’ll probably go to Scotland in June. Вероятно, мы поедем в
Шотландию в июне.
4. Will употребляется для выражения просьбы. Например:
Will you be quiet, please? Пожалуйста, потише.
Will you get me a newspaper when you’re out? Не могли бы
вы купить мне газету, когда выйдете на улицу?
Однако в межличностных контактах для выражения
вежливой просьбы предпочтительнее начинать фразу с глагола
would. Сравните:
Would you mind standing up for a moment? Не могу я вас
попросить ненадолго подняться?
Would you like tea, or would you prefer coffee? Что бы вы
предпочли – чай или кофе?
592
If you would come this way... Прошу вас, сюда, пожалуй
ста...
5. С помощью глагола shall строятся вопросы, выражающие приглашение, предложение услуги, ожидание распоряжения или решения, что типично для британского варианта
английского языка. В этом смысле will не употребляется.
Shall we go out for a meal? Let’s go and see Larry, shall we?
Мы могли бы сходить куданибудь пообедать. Давайте
навестим Лэрри!
Shall I shut the door? Захлопнуть дверь?
Shall I carry your bag? Мне нести вашу сумку?
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
В разговорном английском используются и другие способы
выражения будущего времени. Сравните:
I’m seeing Janet on Tuesday. He’s going to read for his exam tomorrow. (В приведенных высказываниях выражено действие,
запланированное на ближайшее будущее.)
Однако Present Continuous, равно как и to be going to, не
употребляется, когда совершение действия в будущем ставится в
зависимость от внешних обстоятельств, выраженных в
придаточных предложениях времени или условия. В подобных
случаях в главном предложении употребляется Future Simple.
Например:
If I hide the key, you’ll never find it.
6. Для выражения будущего действия вместо Future Simple
в обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях условия и
времени употребляется Present Simple. Такие придаточные
вводятся союзами when (когда), if (если), unless (если ...не),
before (прежде чем), till, until (до тех пор пока ...не), as soon as
(как только) и др. Например:
He’ll have an accident if he goes on driving like that. Он
попадёт в аварию, если будет и впредь так водить машину.
If it rains, they’ll cancel the match. Если пойдёт дождь, то
матч отменят.
As soon as she gets a job, she’ll pay us back. Как только она
найдёт работу, она вернёт нам свой долг.
593
We’ll stay here until the rain stops. Мы будем оставaться
здесь до тех пор, пока дождь не пройдёт.
What will happen to the environment if we don’t look after it?
Что произойдёт с окружающей средой, если мы не
позаботимся о ней?
Следует отметить, что в придаточных предложениях, вводимых союзом if, выражена лишь возможность совершения
будущего действия; тогда как с помощью союза when говорящий
указывает на реальность этого действия. Cравните:
I’ll pass my exams if I work hard. Я сдам экзамены, если буду
упорно трудиться.
Phone me when you arrive. Позвони мне, когда приедешь.
7. Однако, если придаточное дополнительное вводится
союзом when, то для обозначения будущего времени глагол
необходимо поставить в Future Simple. Например:
I don’t know when I’ll have time for a game of chess
tomorrow. Я не знаю, когда у меня будет завтра время для
игры в шахматы.
Согласование времён (продолжение)
Как указывалось в разделах, посвящённых косвенной речи
(Units 13, 14), если глагол в главном предложении выступает в
форме настоящего или будущего времени, то в косвенной речи
сохраняется будущее время прямой речи:
He asks me, “Will you attend evening classes?”
He asks me if I will attend evening classes.
Если же глагол в главном предложении выражен прошедшим временем (Past Simple), то в придаточном предложении,
передающем содержание прямой речи, вместо будущего времени употребляется Future in the Past, так называемое будущее в
прошедшем:
She says, “I’ll be back next week.”
She said she would (she’d) be back the next week, but I never
saw her again.
Выделенная грамматическая форма служит для обозначения действия, о котором речь шла в прошлом.
594
Исчисляемое/неисчисляемое
существи*тельных
употребление
В английском языке имена нарицательные делятся на
исчисляемые и неисчисляемые. Существует целый ряд существительных, не закреплённых жёстко ни за одной из вышеназванных категорией. Это относится к словам, обозначающим
время года, части суток и погодные явления.
1. Названия времён года:
summer
autumn
winter
spring
лето
осень
зима
весна
В зависимости от контекста или просто от воли говорящего,
эти существительные могут иметь самое обобщённое значение –
обозначать определённый отрезок времени. В этом значении
они являются неисчисляемыми и употребляются с нулевым
артиклем. Например:
I hate winter. I usually go there in summer. Терпеть не могу
зиму. Я обычно езжу туда летом.
Те же существительные в конкретном значении становятся
исчисляемыми и употребляются уже с другим набором артиклей. Значение слов становится конкретным, если:
а) говорящий подразумевает не весь объём понятия, а
частный случай. Например:
The best time of the year in England is the spring. Лучшее
время года в Англии – это весна.
They got married in the autumn of 1990. Они поженились
осенью 1990 года.
б) слово имеет при себе описательное определение,
придающее ему значение “частный случай общего”. Например:
We had an unusually warm spring last year. В прошлом году
была необычно тёплая весна.
2. Существительные, обозначающие части суток:
morning
evening
day
afternoon
night
утро
вечер
день
(с 12 до 18 часов)
ночь
Обобщённое значение этих слов – “отрезок времени”.
Например:
Night fell. It happened at night. Настала ночь. Это
случилось ночью.
Примеры употребления этих слов в конкретных значениях:
I met him on the morning of the exam. Я встретил его в день
экзамена.
595
There’s nothing like a walk on a fine сold morning. Нет ничего
лучше прогулки ясным холодным утром.
There was a heavy rain in the afternoon. Днём лил сильный
дождь.
Кроме того, эти слова употребляются с определённым
артиклем в следующих сочетаниях:
during the day, in the daytime (morning/evening/afternoon/
night)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Слова early и late, хотя и являются описательными определениями,
не делают значение существительного конкретным. Например:
It was early morning. Было раннее утро. It was late evening. Был
поздний вечер.
3. Существительные, обозначающие явления природы:
rain
snow
fog
frost
дождь
cнег
туман
мороз
Примеры употребления слов, обозначающих погодные
явления, в их обобщённом значении:
We get a lot of rain in autumn. Осенью у нас часто бывают
дожди.
We had 15 degrees of frost last night. Прошлой ночью было
15 градусов мороза.
Конкретные значения:
a) The wind blew my hat off. Ветер сдул с меня шляпу.
b) It is spring. The heavy rains have all gone. Весна.
Обильные дожди прекратились.
c) A thick fog covered the city. Город покрыл густой туман.
d) If there’s a long frost, people skate on the rivers and pools.
Если долго держится мороз, люди катаются на коньках на
замёрзших реках и прудах.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Существует целый ряд существительных, обозначающих уникальные понятия, которые употребляется с определённым артиклем:
the sun, the moon, the Earth, the sky, the stars, the world, the environment.
596
Пример употребления словa moon в конкретном значении:
I could see it all clearly because there was a full moon. Мне было всё
отчётливо видно, так как светила полная луна.
Unit 18
Сложные местоимения и наречия
(Compounds of some, any, no, every)
Неопредeленные местоимения some, any, no, а также местоимение every в сочетании со словами one, body, thing образуют
сложные местоимения; в сочетании со словом where – cложные
наречия.
some any no every + body one thing where
(+)
somebody There is somebody/someone in the garden (ктото).
someone
“What’s wrong?” “I’ve got something in my eye” (чтото).
something They live somewhere in the south of England (гдето).
somewhere
(?)
anybody
anyone
anything
anywhere
nobody
no one
nothing
nowhere
Is there anybody/anyone inside?
Can you see anything on the floor?
Is he going anywhere interesting for his holidays?
()
The house is empty. Nobody lives there (никто).
I’ve got nothing in the bag (ничего).
“Where are you going?” “Nowhere” (никуда).
Сложные местоимения со вторым элементом thing, body
или one выступают в функции предметного члена предложения, т.е. в тех синтаксических функциях, которые характерны для существительного. Все они согласуются со сказуемым в форме единственного числа:
Nobody is listening to you.
Местоимение every и его производные сохраняют одинаковую форму в различных типах предложений (повествовательных, вопросительных и отрицательных):
Everybody needs friends (все, каждый). Всем нужны друзья.
597
Have you got everything you need (всё)?
He travels everywhere in his car (везде).
Сложные местоимения подчиняются тем же правилам, что
и соответствующие простые местоимения some, any, no.
1. В утвердительных предложениях anything означает “что
угодно”; anybody – любой, кто угодно; anywhere – где угодно,
когда угодно:
I can do anything for you.
It’s so simple. Anybody knows how to do it.
2. Anyone/anything часто употребляются в придаточных
предложениях условия: If anyone needs anything, just ask.
Такое условие иногда задаётся смыслом высказывания:
Anyone who wants to take the examination must give me their
names (= if there’s anyone who...)
3. No и его производные либо стоят в начале предложения,
выполняя функцию подлежащего, либо употребляются самостоятельно:
Nobody answers the phone.
“Where are you going?” “Nowhere. I’m staying here.”
Следует учитывать, что в английском предложении допускается лишь одно отрицание:
Nobody tells us anything. Никто нам ничего не рассказы
вает.
She doesn’t tell anyone about her life.
I cannot see anything. It’s dark.
4. В некоторых вопросительных предложениях, предполагающих утвердительный ответ, используются местоимения
somebody и something.
What’s wrong with your eye? Have you got something in it?
( = I think you’ve got something in your eye and I expect you to
say “yes”.)
5. Сочетаясь со сказуемым в форме единственного числа,
сложные местоимения при этом требуют употребления
местоимений they/them/their:
If anyone wants to leave, they can.
598
This is a No Parking area, but somebody always parks their car
here.
Инфинитив в составе сложного дополнения
(Complex object with the infinitive)
Отношение говорящего к какомулибо факту или предмету
в английском языке выражается с помощью сложного
дополнения. Сравните два предложения:
1
Everyone
Все
wants
хотят
2
Everyone
Все
wants
хотят,
to win.
победить.
Hill / him
чтобы Хилл / он
to win.
победил.
Как видим, во втором примере за сказуемым следует сложное дополнение, которое состоит из существительного (в общем
падеже) или местоимения (в объектном падеже) и инфинитива.
Сложное дополнение с нфинитивом может употребляться
после глаголов ask, tell, want, would like to и других глаголов,
выражающих чувства и волеизъявления. На русский язык
такие конструкции переводятся сложноподчинённым предложением с придаточным дополнения:
She asks us not to smoke. Она просит нас не курить.
Don’t you know Mr. Black? I’d love you to meet him. Мне
хотелось бы, чтобы вы познакомились с ним.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
1. После глаголов make, let частица to не употребляется:
Your story makes me laugh.
She doesn’t let anyone read her letters.
2. После глагола help частица to может употребляться, а может и
не употребляться:
Can somebody help me (to) move this table?
599
SELF*STUDY
Answers and transcripts
UNIT 13
Task 8.
Culture Quiz “Who did what?”
1. Alexander Bell
2. Emmeline Pankhurst
3. Ludvig van Beethoven
4. James Watt
5. Alexander Eiffel
6. Leonardo da Vinci
7. Marie Curie
8. William Shakespeare
9. John Baird
10. Duke of Wellington
Task 14. Interview
Transcript
Angela:
I got up around seven o’clock and had breakfast. I left
home at eight, I guess. It took me around fifteen
minutes to ride the subway downtown and start
work.
Robert:
Did you like your job?
A.:
It was OK. Some days it was fine, some days I got
really tricky customers.
R.:
Did you get time off for lunch?
A.:
Sure. I stopped around twelvethirty and then at one
o’clock I took a walk in the park – just to get some
fresh air, you know. If the weather was OK, I had
a sandwich or something there.
R.:
Mmm. Did it get busy in the afternoon?
A.:
No more than in the morning, I guess. When the
gallery was open, people called at all times.
R.:
So when did you leave work?
A.:
I left work at sixfifteen in the evening, and at
sixthirty I took the subway back home. I didn’t do
much when I got home, except watch TV. I went to
bed at around eleven thirty.
Task 24. “A meeting with Picasso”
Transcript
1
Picasso gave me a glance and looked me straight in the eyes.
He was dressed in a light grey business suit, a blue cotton shirt and
600
a tie. There was a bright yellow handkerchief in his breast pocket.
His hands were small and solid. I introduced myself and Picasso
offered me his hand immediately. He had a warm, sincere smile
which made me feel relaxed.
2
I explained that I wanted to know him personally and to ask
him if my analysis of his paintings was correct. Then I described
for Picasso my interpretation of his painting “The sailor”. Was it
a selfportrait? Did it show Picasso as a person trying to find a better world? He listened carefully and finally said: “Yes, it’s me, but
I did not mean it to have any political meaning at all.
3
I mentioned his “Guernica” painting and talked about the
symbolism of the bull and the horse. “Yes”, he said “the bull represents brutality, the horse – the people. Yes, there I used symbolism.”
4
I asked: “Why do you paint in such a way that it is so difficult
for people to understand? “ “I paint this way”, he replied, “because
it’s the result of my thought. And if I take a step backwards it will
be an insult to people.”
5
“It’s quite impossible”, he went on, “to explain why you do
this or that. I express myself through painting and I can’t explain
through words. I can’t explain why I did it that way. For me, if I
sketch a little table, I see every detail, I see the size and the thickness, and I translate it in my own way.”
Test 13
Task 1
wrote, was not able, sat, had, went, left, broke, read, left,
don’t think,
am not going, studied, wrote, is, is waiting, goes out, leaves
Task 2
1. had to
2. could
3. didn’t have to
4. couldn’t, can’t
5. was able to
6. wasn’t able to
7. had to
601
Task 3
1. What are they showing on TV tonight?
2. Who had to leave at 8 p.m.? What time did Steve have to
leave?
3. Does he have his English classes once a week?
4. What did Charles leave his village for?
Task 4
1. herself
2. yourself
3. 4. himself
5. 6. itself
Task 5
1. Do you know that they were born on the same day and entered
the same institute?
2. I used to drive her home after classes.
3. My friend thought highly of the plot and I found it tiring.
4. In his creative work Reynolds followed his idols – the artists of
Renaissance.
5. The Museum exhibited a remarkable collection of paintings and
we attended it.
6. The attraction of today’s TV programme is the interview with
the President of the country.
7. “What did this versatile man devote his life to?” “To travel
ling.”
8. Ask them if there is a crowd at the entrance to the museum.
UNIT 14
Task 7.
“Problems with officials”
Transcript
On the Motorway
Police officer:
Good morning, sir.
Driver:
Good morning, officer.
Police officer:
Your speed was 180, sir!
Driver:
Was it really? Oh, goodness me! I haven’t got
any idea that this car can go that fast! Aren’t
these German cars highspeed?
Police officer:
Yes, sir, but we are not on the German
602
Driver:
Police officer:
On the Train
Ticket inspector:
Passenger:
Ticket inspector:
Passenger:
Ticket inspector:
Passenger:
Ticket inspector:
Passenger:
Ticket inspector:
autobahn now. We are on a British motorway.
And you mustn’t drive at a speed over 110 in
this country.
May I use my car telephone?
No, you mustn’t. Keep both hands on the
wheel when you’re driving. Can I see your
license, sir?
Tickets please. Good afternoon, can I have
your tickets, please?
Here you are.
Excuse me, but this is a second class ticket.
I know.
You mustn’t sit in here, in the first class
carriage.
But there weren’t any seats in the secondclass
carriage.
I’m sorry. Madam, but you either have to go
back to the second class carriage and stand, or
pay for a first class ticket.
Oh, that’s outrageous!
I’m sorry, but I don’t make the rules.
Task 17.
“Investigation”
Transcript
P = Police Officer
B = British businessman
P:
Well, first of all, we’d like to hear how you’d describe the
accident. What you saw; how fast you were going; how fast
the others were going and so on.
B:
I was driving towards London when suddenly three cars
overtook me one after another. All of them were going
quite fast. They were doing at least 80 mph. I was doing
about 60 mph. The last one suddenly skidded and went all
over the road. I braked very hard but then I hit the car on
the side.
P:
So that explains the skid marks in that position. But why
are there skid marks on the other side of that car as well?
603
B:
P:
B:
P:
B:
P:
Uhm ... I saw the other two cars coming back. They swung
round in front of the other car and then went off again –
very fast, towards London. By this time, I was feeling
quite shocked and other traffic was building up. I got out
and went to look at the other car. The driver was injured.
OK. Well, the two who drove off. Can you remember them
or the registration numbers? We need to check the descrip
tion of them with the other witnesses.
I think they were quite young. I can’t remember the car
numbers but I think they were both Japanese cars of some
sort, Toyota maybe. I don’t remember how many there were
in each car.
Oh well, I hope you’re able to stay in London another day or
two until we check the facts. Could you leave some personal
details and details of your insurance with me now?
Yes, of course.
Thank you very much. You’ve been very helpful.
Test 14
Task 1
1. saw was walking asked was going was speaking was not
2. came was smoking had threw noticed rising were you smoking
came in asked
3. was crossing stepped fell was still lying saw approaching saw
stopped
Task 2
1. must
2. mustn’t
3. needn’t
Task 3
1. for
2. at
at
3. with
4. at
by
604
may
(in)
4. mustn’t
5. needn’t or don’t have to
6. has to
7. may
5. at
6. for
7. on
8. to
at
on
on
in
at
on/in
on
Task 4
1. The visitor was interested to know when he had to apply for
a visa.
2. I don’t like travelling around the city in the rush hour. Neither
does Ann.
3. The town is planning to develop the area near the railway
station.
4. Fred refused to ride a bicycle, because a strong wind was
blowing.
5. “Is the hospital far from here?” “No, it’s within a 5minute
walk along the other side of the bridge, but you can’t see it very
clearly from here.”
6. The car was driving at a speed of 40 mph when the driver felt
the car skidding.
7. “I’m a stranger here and I don’t know how to get to the post
office.” “Change to bus 38. You have to get off at the next stop
but two. Go straight ahead and take the first turning on the
right.” “Thanks, that’s very kind of you.”
UNIT 15
Task 16. “An American in Britain”
Transcript
Mr. Kipling, a tourist from Texas, is in London. He is walking
along a busy street. He wants to go to Oxford Street but he does
not know the way.
Mr. Kipling:
Londoner:
Mr. Kipling:
Londoner:
Mr. Kipling:
Londoner:
Mr. Kipling:
Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to
Oxford Street?
Certainly. I’m going that way myself. Come
with me.
That’s very kind of you. Are you a real
Londoner?
Well … I suppose you could say that. I was born
here.
Well, I think it’s a very nice little town.
Little? You mean … small London?
Now don’t misunderstand me. I said it was a
nice small town. That’s what I like about it.
Everything’s so small. I went to see Bucking
605
Londoner:
Mr. Kipling:
Londoner:
Mr. Kipling:
Londoner:
Mr. Kipling:
Londoner:
Mr. Kipling:
Londoner:
ham Palace yesterday. One of my friends in
Texas was here last year and he told me it was
small but I didn’t know it was that small! I
mean … my ranchhouse back in Texas is big
ger than that.
(sarcastically but politely) Of course, you real
ize that our buildings are … small … only
because we build them so quickly.
Quickly? But I read a book about England last
week and it said this was the country of tradi
tion and slow change where everything hap
pened slowly.
Oh, no! The exact opposite. We do things much
faster here than you do in Texas!
(getting a bit aggressive) What? You’re
telling me that you do things here faster than
we do in Texas?
Oh yes. I mean. Everybody says so, don’t they?
(suddenly) Hmm! That’s strange.
What’s strange?
That tall building over there. That skyscraper.
Say! Now that is a tall building. At least 30
storeys. Of course it isn’t as tall as the build
ings in Dallas … or New York. But … what’s
strange about it?
Well … I came this way only yesterday and it
wasn’t here!
Task 37. “ Make a polite request!”
Transcript
Clerk:
Hello.
Foreigner: Is that the booking office?
Clerk:
Yes.
Foreigner: I’d like to book two tickets for “Pygmalion” next
Friday, please.
Clerk:
I’m sorry, Friday is fully booked. We have some seats
left for Thursday if you’re interested.
Foreigner: No, that’s no good. It has to be Friday. Couldn’t you
find something? We have a V.I.P. from Edinburgh
who very much wants to see the play.
Clerk:
We may have a cancellation. I can take your number
606
Foreigner:
Clerk:
Foreigner:
Clerk:
Foreigner:
if you like.
The manager is usually able to find tickets for us.
Could you ask him?
Hold on a minute. We’ve got two cancellations. I can
keep them for you.
That’s excellent. Where are the seats?
They’re in the balcony. The price is 25 dollars each.
You need to* collect them before 7.
Thank you very much indeed. Goodbye.
Test 15
Task 1
the longest
the longer
a longer
Task 2
1. is leaving
2. Don’t forget
needed
3. did not like
Task 3
1. with
2. by
3. at
4. to / for
the heaviest
the biggest
the greatest
the most sophisticated
the busiest
4. are you talking
are talking
did you read
5. painted
6. was having
7. did not accept
5. 6. of
with
7. ahead
instead
Task 4
1. Their offer was so attractive that we couldn’t refuse it.
2. The news that he brought was unbelievable and shocking.
3. You’d better save the file before you switch off the computer, or
you can lose this file.
4. The spectators were fascinated both by the actors and the
orchestra performance.
5. His popularity increased several times compared with the time
*
Здесь глагол need употр. не как модальный, а как смысловой глагол в
значении нуждаться в чемл. В подобных случаях need имеет обычные
формы спряжения и употребляется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем
времени.
607
when he just started acting at the theatre.
6. You shouldn’t leave your documents in the hotel room and you
should take care of the valuables.
7. No great artist had as many followers as Rubens did.
8. She thought she knew the subject much better than it seemed to
the examiner.
UNIT 16
Task 26 “A training session”
Transcript
Jason
Sorry I’m late. I’ve been doing my homework. Luke,
what are you doing here? You aren’t in the team.
Luke
I’ve been helping with the training session.
Jason
Has he been annoying you?
Lisa
It’s OK. We’re used to him.
Jason
You all look exhausted.
Sam
We are! We’ve been practising for hours – since nine
o’clock this morning.
Jason
Why are you practising so hard today?
Lisa
Because of the basketball tournament. Haven’t you
seen the notice?
Jason
No, I haven’t.
Lisa
Well, we’re playing the City Slammers in the first
round.
Luke
Are they good?
Lisa
Good? They ’re brilliant. They haven’t lost the game
for two years. They are unbeatable.
Jason
No one’s unbeatable. We’ve been playing well this
season. We’ve won five of our matches.
Sam
That’s true. We’ve only lost one match. And we’ve
been training hard since September.
Lisa
Yes, let’s be positive. The City Slammers have been
the best team in the league for the last few years. But
now it’s our turn.
Jason
What’s the matter, Luke? Why are you smiling?
Luke
Well, don’t take this the wrong way, but … I’ve been
watching you for three hours. And I’ve seen the City
Slammers play a few times this season. And in my
opinion …
608
Lisa
Luke
Go on …
… you’ve got no chance!
Task 33 “What it takes to be an astronaut”
Transcript
One afternoon in the summer of 1989, a 27yearold food
technologist called Helen Sharman was listening to the radio. She
heard of an unusual position: “Astronaut wanted – no previous
experience necessary”. Quickly she wrote down the phone number
and the next day sent off her application.
Sharman was one of 13,000 hopefuls who applied to become
Britain’s first astronaut when the British government agreed to
cooperate with the Russians in the Juno space mission. Applicants
in the Juno Project had to take hard tests. They needed to be well
trained, had to speak a foreign language and had to be able to deal
with difficult situations without panicking.
Sharman was a highly trained specialist, could speak several
languages and was wellknown for her ability to remain calm.
Although Sharman often played squash and regularly went
cycling and swimming, she now says that she was no great athlete
when she applied.
To Sharman’s surprise, her application was successful and six
months later she was in Russia beginning 18 months of training at
the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Centre.
On May18 , 1991, Sarman boarded the Soyuz spacecraft in the
Kazakhstan Desert with two Russian cosmonauts. In space
Sharman carried out experiments on various materials to be used
for new drugs and electronics.
Although she would like to go back into space, these days
Sharman is happy enough working as a parttime consultant to a
company making satellites. She spends the rest of her time urging
schoolchildren to take up a career in science and technology.
Test 16
Task 1
1. yet
still
2. already
still
3. yet
Task 2
1. has eaten
4. since
5. 6. since
7. for
since
7. did you do
609
2. have been supporting
have lost
3. bought
4. have passed
5. worked
6. has been trying
Task 3
1. the
2. the
3. 4. the
5. the
6. a
7. the
8. the
went
did they show
was on
have you seen
am going
the
the
9. the a
the the the
10. the
Task 4
1. “Have you ever been to the Tate Gallery In London?” “Yes, I
have. It’s the most exciting museum I’ve ever been to.”
2. “How long have you known her?” Since she took up literature.
She has always been a willing student and has never given up
halfway.”
3. Have you made your choice? Not yet. It depends on how much
my father is prepared to spend.
4. I’m looking forward to meeting John. I don’t remember when I
last saw him.
5. “Have you applied for a job yet?” “Yes, I have. Last week I
wrote a C.V. and then arranged for the job interview.”
6. “You’ve just enrolled in the English course, haven’t you?”
“That’s right, I had to encourage a friend of mine, who suggest
ed visiting classes together. To brush up the language is a love
ly idea.”
7. He has been waiting for a reply for several weeks, but he hasn’t
received any message yet.
UNIT 17
Task 19 “Going away on holiday”
Transcript
Max:
So, when do you think the best time to go is?
Susie:
Well, it’s always the matter of weather. I mean, if we
visit Nepal in April, we’ll meet fewer tourists
because the main tourist season is in the summer.
610
Max:
Susie:
Max:
Susie:
Max:
Susie:
Max:
Susie:
Max:
Susie:
Max:
Susie:
But if we go in the summer, say in August, we’ll have
better weather.
Well, I’d like to avoid the tourists, but if we go there
out of season, we’ll probably have bad weather.
That’s right.
And how do we get there?
I think the best is to fly. It really is a long way from
here. And if we fly, we’ll get there much quicker.
But if we drive overland, it’ll be very interesting and
we’ll be able to travel around more easily when we are
there.
Yes, but it’s going to take weeks to get there by car,
and I haven’t got the time.
Do you want to stay in hotels?
If we stay in hotels we’ll spend a lot of money. No, I
think it’ll be better to go camping. If we take a tent,
we’ll save a lot of money.
What about food? Shall we take our own food?
If we do that, we’ll have a lot to carry. Oh, there’s
something else which is quite important. If we pay
for the holiday here in Britain, we can use British
money, and if we don’t have to take so much with us.
But if we pay for it there, it might be cheaper.
Well, it will be cheaper if we take a guidebook. That
way we’ll avoid hiring a local guide.
Yes, and we can read up about the place before we go
there.
Task 38 “The weather forecast”
Transcript
Announcer:
Good morning. Here are the details of the weather for the next
24 hours for Bristol and the southwest of the country.
Tomorrow will start off dry and bright in most areas.
However, by midday it will become cloudy in most areas and
rain will spread generally from the west.
I don’t think you’ll see much of the sun in the afternoon.
There will be rain in most places, I’m afraid. Westerly winds will
become strong along the coast. The temperature will be about 20
degrees Centigrade.
611
The belt of low pressure will move away in the late afternoon,
but the evening will remain cloudy.
And that’s all from me.
Test 17
Task 1
1. when
3. when / if
2. if
4. if
Task 2
1. will fashion be like
2. Shall I go on
3. is not, is there?
4. don’t know
will leave
5. will probably snow
5. when
6. if
7. if
8. when
6. will be
7. do not work
won’t be able
will fail
Task 3
1. Who will show us a lot of places of interest tomorrow?
When will they show us a lot of places of interest?
2. Has he been able to focus on the details?
3. What did you have to choose between?
Task 4
a varied climate a country rain
the same time
all the year
such a green country
long green grass
the cattle
beautiful
lawns
the gardens
country people
the weather
the best guide
weather signs
the direction of the wind
the
wind from
the West
rains and unsettled weather
the east wind
in
(the) summer
fine days
in (the) winter
the east wind
a sign of frost and
snow storms
on a summer night
the stars
the wind and rain
a red
sunset
fine weather
rains
612
Task 5
1. The patient’s cheeks went rosy. The doctor said he’d get much
better the next day.
2. We’ll do our best to prevent their quarrel.
3. How long will it take to establish contacts with this firm?
4. If he follows his uncle’s advice, he’ll be able to avoid trouble.
5. Have you thrown away yesterday’s newspaper with the weather
forecast? It said that the temperature would rise the following
week.
6. You’ll have to make arrangements in connection with the inter
national conference which is taking place in ten days. When will
you be able to start?
7. In the future scientists will find a cure for all diseases. To con
trol their weight, people will have to combine diet and exercise.
UNIT 18
Task 18
Transcript
First old man:
Second old man:
First:
Second:
First:
Bus conductor:
First:
Second:
Did you see that girl who got off then? She
looked more like a boy than a girl.
It’s the other way round. All the boys look
more like girls these days. It’s all that long
hair!
The trouble is they don’t teach girls how to
look after children or how to keep house!
My granddaughter’s going to university.
She’s learning how to build bridges. Fancy
that! A girl training as an engineer! Things
aren’t what they used to be, are they?
No, they aren’t. Everything’s upside down
these days. People haven’t even got good man
ners any more.
Excuse me. Would one of you give a passenger
your seat? She’s a mother with a baby and
you’re nearest the door.
What? Give up my seat? Me!
Tell her to stand! I’m not giving up my seat to
anyone!
613
Task 40 Culture Quiz
1.c; 2.b; 3.b; 4.b; 5.c.
Task 41 “Body language”
Transcript
British manager giving a talk.
Body language is one of the most important communication
skills.
Smiling is one example. It doesn’t mean that you have to pretend that you are happy all the time. When you smile at someone
you know, you demonstrate your willingness and an open attitude
to conversation.
Another thing in many cultures is a warm handshake. Be the
first to extend your hand in greeting. Add a friendly “Hello”, a
nice smile, your name, and you have made the first step to open the
channels of communication between you and the other person.
People of different nationalities sometimes do things that
make each other uncomfortable – without meaning to or without
even realizing it.
For example, you must remember to keep your arms uncrossed.
Crossed arms give off signals of skepticism. It’s far better to lean
forward in a natural way. By this, you let your partner feel that
what he is saying is interesting to you. Take care, however, not to
violate someone’s “personal space” by getting too close.
In general, good manners can help you in all those ordinary
transactions that take place in shops, restaurants, on public transport, in the office or on the telephone. And, after all, it costs nothing to be polite!
Test 18
Task 1
1. b; 2. d; 3. c; 4. b; 5. c; 6. c; 7. d.
Task 2
1. somebody / someone
any 2. nothing 3. anywhere any
4. nobody / no one nothing 5. anybody / anyone
anything
Task 3
1. Do you want me to change my mind?
2. At the tailor’s shop I had my trousers shortened and ironed.
614
3. Could you make your neighbours quiet?
4. Let us know when they will leave for Italy.
5. Ann makes me analyze my performance to understand what has
become the stumbling block to my success.
6. Father always lets the children eat as much icecream as they
like.
7. They don’t want anyone else to come.
Task 4
1. take care of
2. looked up
3. turns itself on and off
4. brush up
Task 5
a) happen
belong
b) depend
concentrate
c) participate
enroll
5. get along with
6. look through
7. give up
8. look after
d) protect
prevent
die
e) smile
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Abbreviations
n – noun существительное; v.t. – verb transitive – переходный глагол;
v.i. – verb intransitive – непереходный глагол; phr. v. – phrasal verb –
фразовый глагол; adj. – adjective – прилагательное; adv. – adverb –
наречие; attr. – attribute – определение; pl. – plural – множественное
число; pers. рrоn. – personal pronoun – личное местоимение; poss.
pron. – possessive pronoun – притяжательное местоимение; conj. –
conjunction – союз; num. – numeral – числительное; prep. – preposition – предлог, fig. – figurative – переносное значение.
A
achieve [qtSi:v] v. t. достичь, добиться: Complete understanding
of Russia is impossible to achieve.
achievement n. достижение
admire [qdmaIq] v.t. восхищаться, восторгаться: What I most
admire in this political leader is his moral courage.
adopt [qdPpt] v.t. принять, перенять: The committee adopted my
suggestions. | adoption n. принятие: the adoption of the constitution
adventure [qdvenCq] n. приключение: His life is full of exciting
adventures.
advice [qdvaIs] n. cовет: Acting on her advice, I decided to give up
smoking. Let me give you a piece of advice.
advise [qdvaIz] v.t. советовать: The doctor advised complete rest.
He advises the President on foreign affairs.
aim [eIm] n. цель: They set up the project with the aim of helping
unemployed people. | aimless adj. бесцельный: aimless discussions
agree [qgri:] v.i. согласиться, договориться: I don’t agree with his
policy. | agreement n. согласие, соглашение, договор: The
aim of the meeting was to reach agreement about next year’s
prices.
616
ally [xlaI] n. союзник
ambition [qmbISqn] n. честолюбие: She has at last achieved her
lifetime ambition to become a dancer.
ambulance [xmbjVlqns] n. машина скорой помощи
amuse [qmju:z] v.t. развлекать, забавлять: They amused themselves by playing computer games.
amusing adj. забавный, смешной: I don’t find his jokes very
amusing.
annoy [qnOI] v.t. раздражать, действовать на нервы: How annoying! Какая досада!
apply [qplaI] v.i. (to, for) обращаться за: We’ve applied to the
council for a grant.
appliance [qplaIqns] n. устройство: Dish"washers and washing
machines are domestic appliances.
astronomical [,xstrqnPmIkql]adj. астрономический: In the year
1917 Chaplin earned an astronomical sum of money.
attend [qtend] v.t. присутствовать, посещать: People who attend
a game, such as football, are spectators.
attitude [xtItju:d] n. (to/ towards) подход, позиция, отношение:
The health of the whole planet will depend on a big change in attitude.
attract [qtrxkt] v.t. притягивать, привлекать: His new book has
attracted a lot of attention.
audience [LdIqns] n. аудитория, публика: The audience applauded loudly at the end of the concert.
B
backwards [bxkw qdz] adv. назад, в обратном направлении:
Can you say the alphabet backwards?
band [bxnd] n. оркестр, отряд, группа
be born [bLn] past participle of bear родиться: The people won
their independence, and a new nation was born.
be keen adj. (on) сильно увлекаться чем"л.: I am not keen on
chess.
beat [bJt] v.t. бить, колотить, побеждать: She beat me at tennis.
617
behaviour [bIheIvjq] n. поведение, манеры: the behaviour of steel
under stress
best [best] n. (the ~) лучший результат: I’ll do / try my best to finish
it on time.
biographer [baIPgrqfq] n. биограф: Dr. Johnson’s famous biographer, James Boswell.
blood [blAd] n. кровь: It was a serious cut and he lost a lot of blood.
boast [bqVst] v.t. по праву располагать чем"л., что вызывает
гордость: Chinatown boasts the world’s finest antique shops.
borrow [bPrqV] v.t. брать взаймы: I’d like you to borrow a dictionary for me.
both...and... conj. и...и...: He spoke both with kindness and
understanding.
brush up [brAS] phr. v. восстановить свои знания: I must brush up
my English before I go to London.
bulb [bAlb] n. лампочка: a 100"watt light bulb.
C
calm [kRm] adj. cпокойный: The police chief advised his men to
stay / keep calm and not lose their tempers.
campaign [kx m peIn] n. кампания, поход: The Declaration
became the basis of a global campaign for democracy.
capable [keIpqbl] (of) adj. способный: He’s capable of telling lies.
Он способен солгать.
care [keq] n. наблюдение, попечение; take care (of) позаботиться о ком"л.: The nurse will take care of your child.
career [kqrIq] n. жизненный путь, карьера, профессия: She
spent most of her career working in Edinburgh.
carry out [kxrI] phr. v. выполнять, проводить: They are carrying
out urgent experiments.
cash [kxS] n. наличные деньги: The company is a bit short of cash
at the moment. | pay in cash v.i. расплачиваться наличными:
“Are you paying (in) cash?” “ No, I’ll pay by check.”
catastrophe [kqtxstrqfI] n. катастрофа: The party coud be heading
for catastrophe in elections.
618
cause [kL z] v.t. вызвать: The flood was a major catastrophe, causing heavy loss of life.
Celtic [keltIk,seltIk] adj. кельтский
centigrade [sentIgreId] adj., n.: a centigrade thermometer
термометр Цельсия
сentury [sentSqrI] n. столетие, век: There have been two World
Wars during this century.
challenge [tSxlIndZ] n. вызов, трудная, но интересная задача:
He accepted his friend’s challenge to swim across the river.
character [kxrqktq] n. характер, герой, персонаж: A tendency
not to show emotions is considered to be part of the British
national character.
charge [CRG] v.t. 1. заряжать: If the red light comes on, it means
that the battery isn’t charging. 2. взымать: How much do you
charge for a double room?
cheap [CJp] adj. дешёвый: I bought it cheap. Я дёшево это купил.
check [Cek]v. контролировать, проверять: She checked through
the letter before sending it.
close [klqVs] adv. поблизости, совсем рядом: He lives close at hand.
come round phr. v. забежать, зайти к кому"л., кто живёт
поблизости: Come round and see us!
comical [kPmIkql] adj. комичный, cмешной: This comical character expressed the joy and sorrow that people experienced in
life.
command [kqmRnd] n. команда, контроль, владение (знаниями): He has an impressive command of several languages.
community [kqmju:nItI] n. группа населения, общество: The
President met leaders of the black community during his visit to
Chicago.
compare [kqmpeq] v.i. (to / with) сравнивать cличать: London is
large, compared to / with Paris.
concentrate [kPnsqn,treIt] v.i. (on, upon) сосредоточиться: I can’t
concentrate on my work when I am hungry.
confrontation [,kPnfrAnteISqn] n. (with) конфронтация: We cannot
risk another confrontation with the union.
619
connect [kqnekt] v.t. соединять, связывать: The plumber connected all the pipes and turned on the tap.
сonnection [kqnekSqn] n. соединение, связь: The telephone connection was bad. | in this connection в этой связи
consensus [kqnsensqs] n. согласие, единодушие: Can we reach a
consensus on this issue?
conservation [,kPnsqveISqn] n. сохранение: conservation of water
/ energy
consider [kqnsIdq] v.t. рассматривать, считать: Do you consider
her suitable for the job?
constant [kPnstqnt] adj. неизменный, постоянный: He drove at a
constant speed.
consumption [kqnsAmpSqn] n. потребление: The car’s fuel consumption is very high.
context [kPntqkst] n. контекст: Look at your own job in the wider
context of the whole department.
cooperation [kqV,PpqreISqn] n. сотрудничество: I need your
cooperation in this matter.
courage [`kArIG] n. храбрость, смелость, мужество: She showed
remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.
cover [kAvq] v.t. 1. покрывать: she covered her face with her
hands. 2. охватывать: The book covers the period from1870 to
1914. 3. освещать в печати / по радио: She covered current
events for CBS news.
cure [kjuq] n. (for) средство, лекарство, лечение: There is still no
cure for the common cold.
create [krIeIt] v.t. создавать: This decision creates a dangerous
precedent.
crisis [kraIsIs] n. кризис: Relations between the two countries have
reached crisis point.
crowd [kraVd] n. толпа: A big crowd soon gathered round the
scene of the accident.
620
D
deal [di:l] v.i. (with) иметь дело, поступать (с кем"л.), относиться
(к кому"л.): He’s a difficult man to deal with.
debate [dIbeIt] n. дискуссия, прения, дебаты: After much debate,
the Committee voted to close the school.
decide [dIsaId] v.i. решаться, принять решение: After long discussion they decided in favour of the younger candidate.
declaration [, deklqreISqn] n. декларация, объявление (войны):
These events led to the declaration of war.
declare [dIkleq] v.t. & i. объявить: Britain declared war on Germany
in 1914
degree [dIgri:] n. градус, степень: Water freezez at 32 degrees
Fahrenheit (32 F). The children have different degrees of ability.
delighted [dIlaItId] adj. (by / with) We’re delighted that you’ll be
able to come.
demand [dImRnd] n. спрос, потребность, требование: There’s
not much demand for houses of this sort.
democracy [dImPkrqsI] n. The military government promised to
restore democracy within one year. | (un)democratic (не)демократический
demonstrate [demqn,streIt] v.t. показывать, демонстрировать:
His last remark demonstrates his total ignorance of the subject.
dense [dens] adj. густой, плотный: The grass was dense on the
ground.
describe [dIskraIb] v.t. описать, охарактеризовать: The police
asked us to describe the two men.
despotism [despqtIzm] n. деспотизм: It’s impossible to turn free
people back into the hateful paths of despotism.
destroy [dIstrOI] v.t. уничтожать, разрушать: She destroyed all his
letters.
detail [di:teIl] n. подробность, деталь; in detail обстоятельно,
подробно: She described the events in great detail.
develop [dIvelqp] v.t. развивать, разрабатывать: Computers are
a rapidly developing industry.
die [daI] v.i. умирать: She’s very ill and I’m afraid she’s dying.
621
discover [dIskAvq] v.t. раскрывать, узнавать, обнаруживать:
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
disease [dIzi:z] n. болезнь: Many diseases are caused by bacteria.
doubt [daVt] v.t. сомневаться: I doubt that he will come.
drawing [drLIN] n. рисунок, рисование: Here is the drawing of a
church.
E
ecological [,i:kqlPGIkql] n. экологический: Modern wars add to
global warming and cause ecological catastrophes.
ecology [IkPlqGI] n. экология
economic [,ekqnPmIk] adj. экономический: The country is in a bad
economic state.
Edinburgh [edInbqrq] n. Эдинбург
effect [Ifekt] n. результат, эффект: He’s suffering from the effects
of too much alcohol.
effort [efqt] n. усилие, попытка: It’s quite an effort to lift this heavy box.
election(s) [IlekSqn] n. выборы: The result of the election will be
known tonight.
emission [ImISqn] n. выделение, излучение: We received powerful radio emissions from a distant star system.
emotion [ImqVSqn] n. эмоция: She described the accident in a
voice shaking with emotion.
encourage [InkArIG] v. поощрять, поддерживать: This programme strongly encourages students’ exchanges.
energetic [,enqGetIk] adj. энергичный: He is an energetic supporter of the peace movement.
enjoy oneself [InGOI] v.t. веселиться: Did you enjoy yourself at
the party?
enter [entq] v.t. входить: The talks have now entered their third
week. | enter university поступить в университет
entertain [,entqteIn] v.t. развлекать: We’re entertaining our neighbours this evening.
enthusiastic[In,Tju:zIxstIk] adj. восторженный, полный энтузиазма: He was enthusiastic about the play.
622
environment [InvaIqrqnmqnt] n. окружающая среда: People need
new laws to prevent the pollution of the environment.
equal [i:kw ql] adj. равный, одинаковый: He speaks French and
German with equal ease.
essential [IsenSql] adj. необходимый, существенный: Is wealth
essential to happiness?
establish [IstxblIS] v.t учреждать: The school was established in
1850. | establish contacts установить контакты
Europe [jVqrqp] n. Европа
European [,jVqrqpIqn] n. европеец; adj. европейский
event [Ivent] n. cобытие: The documentary reviews the most
important events of 1985.
exciting [IksaItIN] adj. захватывающий, увлекательный: Life will
seem very exciting on holidays.
excursion [IkskE:S(q)n] n. экскурсия: We went on a day excursion.
exhibit [IgzIbIt] v.t. экспонировать, выставлять
exhibition [,eksIbISqn] n. выставка, показ: The exhibition at the
Maillol Museum shows that there is really a School of London.
exist [IgzIst] v. существовать: Pre"Raphaelites existed ten years
and created a new trend in Victorian Age art.
expensive [IkspensIv] adj. дорогой, дорогостоящий: Your fur
coat looks expensive.
experience [IkspIqrIqns] n. опыт: I know that from experience.
experienced adj. опытный, сведущий, квалифицированный, со
стажем
extend [Ikstend] v.t. протянуть: They extended a rope between two
posts.
F
face [feIs] v.t. стоять лицом к лицу, сталкиваться с кем"л. /
чем"л.: We’ll have to face (the) facts: we simply can’t afford a
holiday this year.
fame [feIm ] n. слава, репутация: She won fame with her first
novel.
623
far away (from) [fR] adv. далеко: Let’s walk back to the square;
it’s not far away from the office.
fascinate [fxsIneIt] v.t. завораживать, пленять: The students
were fascinated by/with the scientist’s ideas.
fight [faIt] n. бой, схватка; v.t. & i.: драться, сражаться, воевать:
He fought like a lion. They were fighting their way through the
crowd.
finger [fINgq] n. палец: I will not lift a finger to help him.
flood [flAd] n. половодье, наводнение, поток: There was a flood of
complaints after the show.
follower [fPlqVwq] n. последователь: He is a faithful follower of his
home football team.
forecast [fLkRst] v.t. предсказывать:He forecast(ed) a big
increase in sales, and he turned out to be right.
formation [fL meISqn] n. формирование: School life has a great
influence on the formation of a child’s character.
former [fL mq] adj. предшествующий, бывший
formerly adv. прежде, раньше: Formerly he worked in a factory,
but now he is a teacher.
found [faVnd] v.t. основaть, учредить: The Romans founded a great city on the banks of this river.
frustration [frAstreISqn] n. крушение надежд | sense of frustration чувство безысходности
function [fAnkSqn] v.i. функционировать, действовать: The
machine will not function properly if it is not kept well"oiled.
G
gain [geIn] v.t. достигать, добираться: to gain victory. The swimmer gained the shore
gap [gxp] n. пробел, разрыв: How can teachers help to bridge the
generation gap between parents and their teenage children?
garbage [gRbIG] n. мусор, отбросы
generation [,GenqreISqn] n. поколение: Every new generation is
different from the one that preceded it.
624
get along phr. v. (with) ладить, уживаться с кем"л.: Do you get
along well with your aunt?
get over phr. v. пережить, преодолеть: He could not get over the
loss.
give up phr. v. 1. бросить: Father gave up smoking. 2. уступить:
He gave up his seat to her. 3. сдаться: The murderer gave himself up.
glance [glRns] n. быстрый взгляд: He gave her an admiring
glance.
global [glqVbl] adj. всеобщий, глобальный: It is too late to prevent
global climatic changes.
goods [gVdz] n. товары: There is a large variety of consumer goods
in the shops.
guarantee [,gxrqnti:] n. гарантия, поручительство: The radio has
a two"year guarantee.
guide [gaId] v.t. направлять, руководить: He guided us through
the narrow streets to the railway station.
H
hand [hxnd] n. рука, сторона; on the one hand ... on the other
hand (fig.) с одной стороны, ... c другой стороны: This job of
mine isn’t well paid, but on the other hand I don’t have to work
long hours.
handkerchief [hxNkq,CJf] n. носовой платок
hardworking [hRd,wE:kIN] adj. работящий, усидчивый
headline [hedlaIn] n. заголовок: The time is 12 o’clock; here are
the news headlines.
hire [haIq] v. взять напрокат: We hired a car for a week when we
were in Italy.
history [hIstqrI] n. история: The new buiding will house the
Department of History. | go down in history phr. v. войти в
историю: Neil Armstrong went down in history when he stepped
on the moon.
historic adj. исторический
625
house [haVs] v.t. хранить, размещать: The museum houses a vast
collection of wonderful prints.
household word ходячее выражение
human [hju:mqn] adj. человеческий: It’s only human nature to
want a comfortable life.
I
identity [aIdentItI] n. тождественность, личность: He proved his
identity.
identify v.t.&i. опознать: She identified the criminal. | identify
with phr.v. быть солидарным: He identified (himself) with the
movement.
ignore [IgnL] v.t. игнорировать, не обращать внимания: He
ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.
illusion [Ilu:Zqn] n. иллюзия, обман: I have no illusion about her.
immediately [ImJdIqtlI] adv. немедленно, тотчас, сразу: Stop
that immediately.
impress [Impres] v.t. впечатлять: You impressed the teachers by
your performance in the exam.
impession n. впечатление
include [Inklu:d] v.t. включать (в число): Her job doesn’t include
coffee for the boss.
incorporate [InkLpq,reIt] v.t. объединять, соединять: His artwork
incorporates the latest trends.
incredible [InkredIbl] adj. неслыханный, невероятный: She has
an incredible house!
independent [,IndIpend(q)nt] adj. независимый: She’s financially
independent of her family.
industry [IndqstrI] n. промышленность
injury [InGqrI] n. травма, ранение: The driver of the lorry received
serious injuries to the legs and arms.
instability [,InstqbIlItI] n. нестабильность: He’s showing signs of
instability.
instrument [Instrqmqnt] n. инструмент, аппарат, прибор: The
pilot studied his instruments anxiously.
626
interval [Intqvql] n. промежуток, отрезок времени: The buses
don’t always run at regular intervals.
introduce [,intrqdjHs] v.t. 1. знакомить, представить: A new manager was introduced into the store. 2. вводить, начинать: He
introduced his speech with a quotation.
introduction [, IntrqdAkS(q)n] n. введение, представление,
реко"мендация: a letter of introduction
invent [Invent] v.t. изобретать: He invented a hundred reasons
why he couldn’t go.
J
joint [GOInt] adj. общий, совместный: joint venture совместное
предприятие
K
keep house [ki:p] v.t. вести домашнее хозяйство: Susan had to
keep house after her mother’s death.
knowledge [nPlIG] n. знание, сведения: They did it without my
knowledge.
L
leadership [lJdq,SIp] n. лидерство, руководство: Britain has lost
her leadership in the shipbuilding industry.
legal [li:gql] adj. юридический правовой: What types of legal professions are there in the UK?
license [laIsqns] n. разрешение, лицензия: We manufacture
these goods under license. driving license водительские права
lift [lIft] n. give sb a lift: Can I give you a lift home?
litter [lItq] n. сор, отбросы: The streets were full of litter.
look after [lVk] phr. v. присматривать, ухаживать за: He had to
look after himself.
look forward (to) phr. v. предвкушать, с нетерпением ждать:
I look forward to his arrival.
627
look up phr. v. отыскивать (информацию), посмотреть (расписание): I must look up the times of the trains.
love [lAv] n. любовь fall in (out of) love with v.i. влюбиться /
разлюбить: The young pair fell in love with each other at first
sight.
M
main road [meIn rqVd] n. магистраль, главная дорога: a busy
main road
make [meIk] v.t. 1. делать, производить, совершать: make an
appointment договориться о встрече: Can I make an appointment to see the manager? make a choice сделать выбор: I’m
sure we’ve made the right choice.|make a decision принять
решение: The committee will make a decision soon. | make a discovery сделать открытие: The archaeologists have made a number of important discoveries.|make an effort приложить усилие:
Please make an effort to get there on time. make notes делать
записи: He made notes of the lecture. |make a reservation
забронировать место: Have you made a hotel reservation for our
holiday yet? | make sure убедиться: First I made sure no one was
following me. 2. заставлять, побуждать: If you’re logical, you
can make others see your viewpoint.
manners n. (pl.) манеры, поведение, нравы: The children have
good table manners. It’s bad manners to yawn.
mass media [`mJdIq] n. средства массовой информации: The
media have / has a lot of power today.
master [mR stq] v.t. овладеть, справиться: She tried hard to master her fear of heights.
matter [mxtq] n. материя, вещество, тема, предмет: I must take
some suitable reading matter for the journey. That was a matter of
forty years ago.
misunderstand [,mIsAndqstxnd] v.t. неправильно понимать: They
pretended to misunderstand my complaint.
mobility [mqbIlItI] n. мобильность, подвижность: The British are
enthusiastic about mobility.
628
multicultural [, mAltIkAltSqrql] adj. многокультурный: We see the
United States as a country full of multiсultural traditions.
N
naive [nR i:v] adj. наивный, простодушный: He told her he was a
close friend of the royal family, and she was naive enough to
believe him.
necessary [nesqsqrI] adj. необходимый, обязательный: I’ll leave
it to you to make the necessary arrangements.
nervous [nE:vqs] adj. нервный: He was nervous before making a
presentation.
O
offer [Pfq] v.t. предлагать, делать предложение: I don’t need any
help, but it was kind of you to offer.
opportunity[, Ppqtju:nItI] n. удобный случай, благоприятная
возможность: May I take this opportunity of thanking everyone
for their hard work on the project.
orchestra [LkIstrq] n. оркестр: He plays the violin in the symphony
orchestra.
organization [,LgqnaIzeISn] организация: Fine results depend on
good organization.
outstanding [aVtstxndIN] adj. выдающийся: an outstanding young
musician.
P
painter [peIntq] n. художник: a portrait / landscape painter
panic [pxnIk] v.i. впадать в панику: The crowd panicked at the
sound of the explosion.
panorama [,pxnqrRmq] n. панорама: The book gives a panorama
of life in England 400 years ago.
Parliament [pRlqmqnt] n. парламент: The Queen opened
Parliament.
part [pRt] n. часть, доля; take part (in) принимать участие: The
question of cost will play an important part in our decision.
629
particular [pqtIkjVlq] adj. 1. особенный, особый: There was nothing of particular importance in the letter. 2. разборчивый,
привередливый: She is not particular about her dress.
passage [pxsIG] n. 1. проход, проезд: Her room is just along the
narrow passage. 2. отрывок из произведения: His paper contains brilliant passages.
patient [peISqnt] adj. терпеливый: Patient years of labour are still
ahead.
patriotism [peitriqtizm] n. патриотизм
pedestrian [pqdestrIqn] n. пешеход; pedestrian crossing n.
пешеходный переход
per cent [pqsent] процент; three per cent три процента
perform [pqfLm] v.t. выполнять, исполнять: He will perform
Hamlet next week.
performance n. выступление, представление, спектакль
phenomenon [fInPmInqn] n. феномен, явление: Magnetism is a
natural phenomenon.
pleasure [pleZq] n. удовольствие: He is travelling for pleasure.
point [pOInt] n. пункт, момент, cуть дела, вопрос: What are the
points to look for when you are buying a new computer?
politician [,pPlItISqn] n. политик
pollution [pqlu:Sqn] n. загрязнение: pollution of tourist beaches
popularity [,pPpjVlxrItI] n. популярность, успех: As his popularity
grew, Chaplin’s salary continued to rise.
population [, pPpjVleISqn] n. население: Half the world’s population doesn’t get enough to eat.
portrait [pLtrIt] n. портрет: I asked him to paint my portrait.
position [pqzISqn] n. место, позиция, положение: I am looking for
a position as tutor.
poverty [pPvqtI] n. бедность: Poverty is no sin.
predict [prIdIkt] v.t. предсказывать: The fortune"teller predicts
that I will marry a doctor. | prediction n. предсказание
prejudice [preGqdIs] n. (against, in favour of) предубеждение,
предрассудок: A judge must be free from prejudice.
pretend [prItend] v.t. & i. притворяться, делать вид: She’s pretending to be asleep.
630
prevent [prIvent] v.t. помешать, предотвратить: What can we do
to prevent this disease?
prevention n. предохранение, предупреждение
previous [prJvIqs] adj. предыдущий: Have you had any previous
experience of this kind of work?
principal [prInsIpql] adj. главный, основной: The Nile is one of the
principal rivers of Africa. n. директор, ректор
principle [prInsIpql] n. принцип: They agreed to the plan in principle.
priority [praIPrItI] n. приоритет, порядок очерёдности: The
arranging of this business agreement is a top priority.
privacy [prIvqsI] n. уединение: Have I disturbed your privacy?
producer [prqdju:sq] n. производитель: Kuwait is one of the
world’s leading oil producers.
promote [prqmqVt] v.t. 1. продвигать, повысить в чине: They
promoted him captain. 2. cодействовать, поддерживать: to
promote trade / international understanding
promotion n. продвижение, содействие
protect [prqtekt] v.t. защищать, ограждать, предохранять: He
raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
protection n. защита, охрана
proud [praVd] adj. гордый: Edward was the proud father of the
twins.
public [pAblIk] n. общественность, народ, публика: The library is
open to the public.
pump [pAmp] v.t. качать, накачивать, выкачивать: The well has
been pumped dry.
push [pVS] v.t. толкать, пихать: He pushed me, and I fell into the
water.
Q
qualify [kwPlIfaI] v.i. (as / for) получить диплом, быть пригодным: In three years he will qualify as an architect.
631
R
reaction [rIxkSqn] n. реакция: My first reaction was disbelief.
realize [rIqlaIz] v.t. осознавать: He didn’t realize the risks he was
taking.
reason [ri:zqn] n. (for) причина, обоснованный довод: The reason for the flood was heavy rain. I know the reason why he has
broken the appointment.
recognize [rekqgnaIz] v.t. признавать, узнавать: Dogs recognize
people by their smell.
reduce [rIdju:s] v.t. уменьшать, сокращать: We can reduce the
report to three main parts.
register [reGIstq] v.t. (за)регистрировать, оформить: Newly
arrived guests must register at the hotel’s reception desk.
regulate [regjVleIt] v.t. регулировать, контролировать: You can
regulate the radiator by turning this little dial.
religion [rIlIGqn] n. религия, вера, вероисповедание: Music is a
religion with John.
religious adj. религиозный, набожный
remarkable [rImRkqbl] adj. замечательный, удивительный:
Finland is remarkable for the large number of its lakes.
rent [rent] v.t. арендовать, снимать в наём: I rent a room from Mrs.
Jones.
reply [rIplaI] n. ответ: I asked him, but he gave no reply.
represent [,reprIzent] v.t. изображать, обозначать, представлять:
The red lines on the map represent railways.
respect [rIspekt] n. (for) уважение: Have some respect for your
parents!
resume [rezjVmeI] n. резюме AmE for curriculum vitae
retrospective [,retrPspektIv] adj. ретроспективный, обращённый
в прошлое: retrospective exhibition
rise [raIz] n. подъём: We came to a rise in the road. v.i. вставать (на
ноги): He rose to his full height.
romance [rqVmxns] n. романтика, романс: Life seems to me full
of romance.
root [ru:t] n. корень: The idea took root in his mind.
632
run out phr. v. (of) иссякать, кончаться: He will soon run out of
money.
rush [rAS] n. стремительное движение; in the rush hour в часы
пик.
S
salary [sxlqrI] n. оклад, зарплата: He’s on a very good salary now.
save [seIv] v.t. экономить, избегать затрат: He took the bus to
save time.
schedule [Sedju:l] n. список, перечень, план, рас"писание: We
finished the project ahead of schedule.
scientist [saIqntIst] n. учёный
screen [skri:n] n. экран: She first appeared on the screen 15 years
ago.
security [sIkjVqrItI] n. безопасность: The security forces were
unable to keep order in the streets.
seem [si:m] v.i. казаться, представляться: Things are not always
what they seem to be.
selectively [sIlektIvlI] adv. выборочно: He quoted from his report
selectively to support his argument.
sensational [sqnseISqnl] adj. сенсационный: Has your team won?
That’s sensational news.
sense [sens] n. 1. чувство, ощущение: I haven’t got a very good
sense of direction, so I easily get lost. 2. смысл, значение: No
matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn’t make any sense
to me.
series [sIqrI:z] n. серия: Tonight we’re broadcasting the first episode of our new TV series on modern art.
shape [SeIp] n. форма, очертание: Mother has baked a cake in the
shape of a heart.
similar [sImIlq] adj. We have similar opinions; my opinions are
similar to hers.
skepticism [skeptIsIzm] n. скептицизм
skill [skIl] n. искусство, умение, мастерство: Reading and writing
are two different skills.
633
skyscraper [skaI, skreIpq] n. небоскрёб
slavery [sleIvqrI] n. рабство
society [sqsaIqtI] n. общество: Britain is now a multi"racial society.
someone [sAmwAn] pron. кто"либо, некто: Someone has used my
file and now I can’t find anything anywhere.
something [sAmTIN] pron. что"либо, нечто: Advice is something
we like to give but do not like to receive.
space [speIs] n. космическое / мировое пространство, место:
Keep some space between you and the car ahead.
spacecraft n. космический корабль
spread [spred] v.i. расстилаться, распространяться: The city now
spreads as far as the coast.
stamp [stxmp] v.i. наступить, давить: She stamped on the insect
and killed it.
standard [stxndqd] n. стандарт, норма, образец, эталон; adj.
стандартный: It’s one of the standard books on the subject.
step [step] n. шаг: Take a step backwards!
steward [stju:qd] n. упрaвляющий, распорядитель: Man hasn’t
yet learnt how to transform himself into a sensible steward of the
earth.
stock market фондовая биржа
strategy [strxtIGI] n. стратегия, оперативное искусство: We
have worked out a strategy for dealing with this situation.
strict [strIkt] adj. строгий, точный: They are very strict with their
children.
struggle [strAgl] v.i. (with) бороться, биться: We struggled with
this problem for a long time.
stumble [stAmbl] v.i. спотыкаться; stumbling block камень
преткновения
success [sqkses] n. успех, удача: She tried to get them to agree,
but without much success.
suddenly [sAdnlI] adv. внезапно, вдруг: They were talking on the
phone when suddenly the line went dead.
suit [sju:t] v.t. устраивать, подходить: The job suits me fine.
suitable adj. подходящий, годный
634
T
technology [teknPlqGI] n. техника, технология: a high level of
technology
term [tE:m] n. период, срок, условие, термин, выражение: in
terms of с точки зрения, в смысле, что касается: He thinks of
everything in terms of money.
think [TINk] well (highly) / little (poorly) of sb phr. v. быть высокого/
низкого мнения о ком"л.: We all think very highly of her.
throw away [TrqV] phr. v. выбросить: I have thrown the letter away.
tolerance [tPlqrqns] n. толерантность, терпимость, выносливость: Many old people have a very little tolerance to cold.
ton [tAn] n. тонна: He bought tons of fruit while it was cheap.
towards [tqwLdz] prep. по направлению к чему"л. / кому"л.:
They have taken the first step towards reaching an agreement.
traffic [trxfIk] движение, транспорт: The traffic is very heavy this
morning.
traffic lights n. светофор
train [treIn] v.i. as / under тренироваться, готовиться, обучаться:
She trained as a singer under a famous professor of music.
transaction [trxnzxkS(q)n] n. сделка, ведение дел: The bank
charges a fixed rate for each transaction.
transform [trxnsfLm] v.t. изменить, преобразовать: Getting that
new job has completely transformed her.
transformation n. превращение, метаморфоза: In recent years
his ideas have undergone a complete transformation.
trend [trend] n. The rise in crime is a disturbing new trend.
turning [tE:nIN] n. поворот, перекрёсток: Go down the road and
take the first turning on the right.
tyre [taIq] n. шина: The tyre needs more air pumping into it.
U
unbelievable [,AnbIli:vqbql] adj. невероятный, неимоверный:
She’s got an unvelievable number of cats!
upset (a plan) [Apset] v.t. 1. опрокинуть: He upset the cup and the
coffee went all over the floor. 2. расстроить здоровье: Eating
635
fish sometimes upsets my stomach. 3. нарушить (порядок и т.
п.): The sudden change in the weather upset our plans.
4. oгорчить: Do what he wants or you’ll upset him.
urge [E:G] v.t. убеждать, уговаривать: They urged us to give our
support.
V
view [vju:] v.t. обозревать, рассматривать: He viewed the landscape through binoculars.
viewer n. зритель
viewpoint n. точка зрения
violate [vaIqleIt] v.t. нарушать, попирать, преступать: violate the
law / one’s conscience / calm / a church
violation n. осквернение, нарушение
vision [vIZqn] n. зрение, видение, кругозор, образ, проницательность: We need a man of vision as leader of the party.
W
wheel [w Jl] n. колесо: My sister was at the wheel.
willing [wIlIN] adj. склонный, расположенный, старательный: I’m
willing to believe that he will do his best. Are you willing to help?
well [wel] n. колодец: The well had a bucket that could be lowered
for water.
wellbeing n. благополучие, благосостояние: the well"being of
the nation
Учебное издание
Богатырёва Марина Александровна
Учебник английского языка
для неязыковых гуманитарных вузов
Начальный этап обучения
Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 17.11.2011.
Электронное издание для распространения через Интернет.
ÎÎÎ «Ôëèíòà», 117342, Ìîñêâà, óë. Áóòëåðîâà, ä. 17-Á, êîìí. 324.
Òåë./ôàêñ: 334-82-65; òåë. 336-03-11.
E-mail: flinta@mail.ru;
WebSite: www.flinta.ru
ÌÏÑÈ, 115191, Ìîñêâà, 4-é Ðîùèíñêèé ïð., ä. 9-à
Тел./факс: 2344315; 9581774 (доб. 111)
Email: publish@col.ru
