Загрузил Bobur Yuldoshev

Sociolinguistics

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SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROFILE RESEARCH PAPER
INTRODUCTION
Language teaching and learning is one of the most difficult aspects of the process of
acquiring new languages for both teachers and students. Sociolinguistics course is one of the
integral parts of this process that has been developing for several years and it mainly studies
the connection of a language's use with social factors such as a language user's gender, race,
geography, and socioeconomic status. The reading materials we have learned during this
course have given us a lot of knowledge regarding the sociolinguistic processes at work, the
importance of study in this field, and how these aspects affect language change and
development. Sociolinguistics, according to Labov (1963), is essential for integrating
language changes, which were previously ignored by other linguists. Piker (2007) noted that
sociolinguistics examines speech to make assumptions about it. We examine how these
generalizations impact language usage and question them as well. Instead of focusing on
facts, sociolinguistics studies hypotheses about how societal norms affect our usage of
language. We shall attempt to describe knowledge that incorporates more than just language
grammar knowledge since it will become apparent that speakers know more or agree on more
than just language grammar. Additionally, they display organized, systematized conduct
during their performances. Knowing a language also means learning how to utilize it because
speakers can create and employ sentences. To understand how each person behaves
concerning these norms, this study aims to establish the language standards that apply to a
certain group. This study is particularly insightful since most individuals are unaware of how
societal standards affect how they use language. It will be also examined how linguistic
diversity both enables and frequently indicates the direction of shift throughout time.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROFILE OF A GROUP OF LEARNERS
In selecting the group of ELLs for this research, it is important to take into account the
particular characteristics that distinguish this group from other groups. For this assignment, I
would like to select a group of students from the school where I previously worked. This is a
Russian school located in Tashkent city and all lessons except foreign languages are
conducted in Russian. On average, about a thousand students study in the school annually and
they all have different social characteristics. The school mainly specializes in the teaching of
exact sciences, and it has about 100 teachers and specialists. Moreover, it is under the
Ministry of Public Education system, and all its educational programs, curriculum, and
syllabus are provided by this Ministry. In specific subjects, this school has achieved some
successes, for example, hundreds of students studying in it have taken high places in the
republican Olympiads.
When it comes to teaching English, the school aims to teach English only by using modern and
interactive teaching methods and approaches (such as CLT and TBLT) and to make English
lessons interactive. Therefore, more hours are allocated to English classes than other subjects
in the distribution of general class hours. Furthermore, the main emphasis in English classes is
not on improving students' grammatical knowledge, but on increasing their communication
potential, namely to improve their speaking and writing skills in English.
There, I mainly conducted English classes for high school students. More than 100 pupils, from
fifth to eleventh grade, took my English classes at that school. I chose the 10th-grade students
to whom I conducted English classes there. 14 students from various social and geographic
backgrounds make up the chosen group. As Bucholtz (2003) noted when doing sociolinguistic
research, it is vital to take into account the respondents' ethnicity and the location in which they
were grown because these are the factors that are at the core of what is necessary to recognize
linguistic variation and diversities.
There are a total of 14 students in the group to which I was assigned and they are from different
ethnic origins. 8 of them are considered to be the children of the foreign representatives of the
population, while the remaining 6 students are ethnic Uzbeks.
For this study, I divided those 10th-grade ELLs into two different subgroups based on their
ethnicity and language background. A total of 6 students were selected for those groups.
Below, I will explain the above-mentioned social factors in terms of their relevancy to the ELLs
in those subgroups and their characteristics. So as I mentioned above I made up two subgroups
and below I will describe them one by one.
Svetlana is a Russian girl 13 years old. She lives in Tashkent. Svetlana is one of the best
students in her class and is interested in learning math and English. In addition, she is a visual
learner and has intrinsic and instrumental motivation to learn English. As for her language
background, she is a bilingual girl, that is, she can communicate in Russian and English.
Ahmad is an Uzbek guy who is 14 years old. He lives in the Zangiota district. Ahmad is an
auditory learner and has intrinsic and integrative motivation. In addition, he is studying English
mainly to study abroad. Ahmad is a multilingual student and can communicate in Uzbek,
Russian, and English.
Lin is a Korean girl and she is 13 years old. She lives in Tashkent city. She is interested in ICT
and English. She is a visual learner and has an instrumental motivation in learning English. Her
dream is to work for Samsung Electronics in the future. Lin is multilingual and can
communicate in Russian, Korean, and English.
Mavlon is an Uzbek guy and 14 years old. He comes from Tashkent city. He is also one of the
best students in his class as well as an active and kinesthetic learner. Additionally, he has
instrumental and intrinsic motivation to learn English. His goal is to study in the USA by
winning a FLEX grant. He is also multilingual and can communicate in Uzbek, Russian, and
English.
Barchinay is a Kazakh girl who is 13 years old. She is from Tashkent city. She is a passive
learner and has extrinsic motivation in learning English. She is also a multilingual student and
knows Kazakh, Russian and English languages.
Qosim is an Uzbek guy and 13 years old. He is also from Tashkent city. He is interested in
physics and engineering. In addition, he is a visual learner and has intrinsic and instrumental
motivation. His dream is to get IELTS band 8 and to apply for US Undergraduate scholarships.
He is also multilingual and speaks Uzbek, Russian and English like his classmates.
In addition, other social factors should be taken into account, and they also play an important
role in creating this sociolinguistic profile. I will explain those factors below.
One of the determining factors in the language acquisition process is discovered to be age.
Even though anyone who learns L1 at an early age can acquire a second language, age has a
direct correlation to how well a person learns a language according to Johnstone (1996). The
age of the learner is very important in achieving the desired results because learning a foreign
language is a more difficult and critical process. Because the students in both subgroups are
roughly the same age, namely between the ages of 13 and 14, we can categorize them as
teenagers.
As much of the prior sociolinguistic study was conducted by estimating this subject, gender is
one of the key factors for differentiating learners. Cameron (2005) proposes that language and
gender studies should be more clearly segmented into distinctions using diversity methods as
opposed to the traditional tripartite division. The first subgroup consists of 3 female students,
whereas the second one includes 3 male students. Eckert (2003) highlights gender as a deciding
factor in students' linguistic competence, citing annual data that show the effect of gender on
the performance of various capabilities or disciplines in educational contexts.
Social and socioeconomic status also plays a special role in the process of researching
sociolinguistic changes and therefore this factor was selected as part of this sub-study. It also
has an important role in dividing ELLs into two subgroups. Labov (1963) noted how well
people can communicate with each other in a certain language or dialect can be connected to
their socioeconomic status. Furthermore, he emphasizes that in the process of defining and
analyzing the standard form of a language, the statuses of those who communicate in that
language are important. The two groups separated for this study were divided into higher and
lower status types, respectively. 3 female students in the first group are of higher status, and 3
male students in the second group are of a lower status. This, in turn, affects their language
acquisition processes. The reason is that students from high-status families may not have the
same conditions and opportunities as students living in low-status families. In a high-status
family, parents can provide their children with all modern conditions and technologies for good
education.
Sociolinguists can use ethnicity as a tool to illuminate how language plays a role in the
formation of identity. According to Fought (2011), ethnicity is what gives studying languages
its complexity and difficulty. This factor was also important in dividing the students in that
class into two groups. In addition, in this place, I paid attention to the extent to which students
of different ethnic origins in these two groups can learn English successfully when they are
studying in the same class. Students in subgroups belong to different ethnic origins, for
example, 3 girls in the first subgroup belong to Russian, Kazakh, and Korean nationality. 3
boys in the second group belong to the Uzbek nationality. Except for English classes, they
communicate with each other only in Russian. And in my English classes, the only factor that
united them was English, because the goal of all of them was to learn English perfectly. In
addition, if in the geographical area where they live, there is the majority of the population
speaks another language, and they can speak that language partially and fully.
Language background is also important. The reason is that during the research I witnessed that
the children of the foreign representatives of the population in the first subgroup, namely
Ukrainian, Russian and Belorussian students do not face serious problems in learning English.
Furthermore, their overall performance in English is much better than others. I think this is
because Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages belong to the same language family as
English. Another factor is that they grew up in a family where the European worldview
prevails, and their thinking and worldview are much broader and higher than that of local
students. As observed by Fought (2011), our ethnic heritage may influence our accent, make
us the focus of criticism from others, and expose us to painful mocking, discrimination, and
biases.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROFILE OF THE LEARNING CONTEXT
The school selected for this study is located in the Chilonzor district of Tashkent, and its
location makes the school an easily accessible destination for all students. That is why this
school has a high ranking and is the preferred choice by most parents. The fundamental factor
binding all of these different learners together is the learning context. They are all studying in
one school and one class. Given that they speak different mother tongues and are of diverse
ethnicities, English is also the sole language that unifies them in a single goal. Moreover, the
three Uzbek guys Ahmad, Mavlon, and Qosim speaks with Tashkent dialect which is closer to
the standard Uzbek language. The other three girls are from other ethnicities and they do not
speak Uzbek, they only speak Russian while communicating with each other.
One of the main goals of this school is to provide students, regardless of their level, with the
necessary knowledge and to create the necessary conditions for them to learn English at least
at the B2 level before leaving school. Modern teaching aids including LCDs, projectors,
microphones, and speakers are available in the classrooms where English sessions are
conducted.
As for the other distinct features of their L3 learning context, I should mention that I witnessed
some of them. For example, since they are all multilingual (we can consider them multilingual
because they know 3 languages), they translanguage between the languages and code-switch
in their L3 learning contexts. Furthermore, in the process of communication in L3, in some
cases, they mix L3 (English) and L1 (Russian). In addition, after graduating from school, they
want to apply for scholarship programs at higher educational institutions in various foreign
countries and aim to get at least 7.0 points on the IELTS exam.
The course syllabus is specifically created for learners and includes all language skills starting
at the beginner levels. To be more specific, in this course, students acquire integrated
knowledge of grammar, reading, listening, speaking, and other language abilities. In the same
way, the selected set of students is instructed. They study English primarily from the "Fly High"
series
SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROFILE OF THE CONTEXT WHERE ENGLISH WILL BE
USED
Similar to how social elements are important in the learning of second languages, the learner's
geographic context must have an effect on performance and the process of developing the
language. The main reason for learning English for the target learners is to study abroad. Many
of them intend to go to the USA to study for their undergraduate degrees in the future. One of
the main reasons for this is the high quality of education there, and the second is the acquisition
of Standard American English. They are inspired by Hollywood movies and the American
English used in them. By watching these movies, they want to go to the USA themselves
someday and acquire a real American English Accent.
But in this process, they are always told to be prepared for some possible challenges that they
are likely to face after going to a foreign country, for example, culture shock, language
diversity, etc., and to be friendly to people of other races, nationalities, and religions. Moreover,
we look at the student's current level of linguistic competence. The learners may interact in any
English-speaking country thanks to their elementary level, but initially, the language may also
be a problem due to native dialects or slow speaking tempo. To avoid being misinterpreted by
native English speakers, the students are studying the language in its standard form.
The relevancy of factors such as race, gender, sex, and ethnicity to this sociolinguistic profile
should also be discussed. These factors were also considered in the process of selecting ELLs
for this study. One of these variables is ethnicity, which served as the primary criterion for
choosing the target group of students. There are 14 students in my group, 8 of whom have
various ethnicity. When it comes to the factor of race, it is not relevant to this sociolinguistic
profile because while compiling such kinds of work the researcher should be neutral to races.
For example, we cannot judge a learner to be white and intelligent because he is European, and
to be narrow-eyed, and not so intelligent because she is Mongoloid as it can be an inappropriate
word used against someone's personality.
Gender is considered to be a complicated sociocultural and sociopsychological construct that
is not restricted to simply biological or physiological sex. Therefore, this factor was also not
found to be a relevant factor for this sociolinguistic profile, because the group members
selected for this work consisted of only two sexes, male and female. There are no members of
other genders in the group.
PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
The students' level of language competence and areas that needed to be reinforced throughout
the course of the sessions were determined using diagnostic and placement assessments at the
beginning of the procedure. According to the test results, it was found that students have
problems with 4 skills in English. To overcome these problems, I would like to implement the
following in my classes:
● Incorporating all four techniques into each session;
● Constructing tasks that improve the students' productive and receptive skills;
● Utilizing interactive and integrated teaching methods and implementing modern
technologies;
● Implementing CLT, TBLT, and other interactive teaching methods to make the lessons
more interesting;
The initial stage in a learner's language development is selecting efficient teaching techniques.
Diagnostic tests were utilized to assess the student's knowledge and determine their needs.
According to Brown (2010), diagnostic tests give instructors more knowledge about the areas
in which pupils struggle, assisting them in deciding what should be focused on. The findings
reveal that the gendered portion does very well in speaking, while the other grouping performs
well in reading.
On the account of this, I realized that inductive teaching strategies, CLT, PPP, and TBLT all
needed to be utilized in combination in the classroom. Kameenui (1998), pointed out that every
learner, regardless of their socioeconomic circumstances, may benefit from CLT and TBLT,
because the teaching objectives of both of them are the same for every ELL. Furthermore, he
noted that it is critical to consider students' financial, psychological, experiential, and cultural
backgrounds while developing a curriculum for a group of pupils whose social characteristics
differ from each other. Technology-based or game-based language instruction is also essential
to creating a lively language classroom.
Besides, when developing specific lesson plans, racial and cultural diversity must be taken into
account. Topics that conflict with the pupils' social identities are not permitted to be covered
by the instructor. For example, selecting a topic regarding religious preferences could not be
compatible with other students' religious beliefs, or texts that are primarily fascinating to
female students (such as texts about cooking or clothing) might depress male students. To
capture students' attention, numerous instructional techniques such as role acting, problemsolving, brainstorming, and mingling activities are extremely effective.
When it comes to pedagogical implications, I must develop the selection of methods or
approaches, the modification of materials or classroom practices according to the distinct
features as well as learning styles in terms of the learning context of my ELLs. Also, since the
main goal of most of them is to have a native speaker accent, I can use methods such as roleplay games or TV shows in my lessons. For example, I can take one American TV show or
news program and show it to the students and then ask them to summarize their conclusions
about the program. Or I tell them that they can improve their pronunciation and accents by
listening to the audio version of this show and imitating it.
ASSESSMENT IMPLICATIONS
When it comes to the language assessment part, I have to highlight some parts. Because they
are important. In the assessment section, I cannot include the race and ethnicity factors. This is
because it is inappropriate to assess ELLs based on their race or background in the language
acquisition process. For example, if there is a Korean or Japanese student in the group and their
English accent is poor, scoring them poorly on this factor is a bias. Similarly, male and female
students should not be kept on two different levels or biased towards one of the two categories
in the assessment process, on the contrary, the assessment should focus on maintaining equality
between the two sexes. In the assessment process, the most important point should be focused
on their overall performance in the language, not on sociolinguistic factors.
When it comes to assessment and evaluation, it is advised to implement continual as well as
diagnostic tests. To assist teachers to identify students' strengths and shortcomings in
connection to the course material, diagnostic testing is a preliminary step in the information-
gathering process. The educational materials are closely related to the diagnostic tests (Chiesa
et al., 2019). Secondly, a technique known as continuous or formative assessment is used to
track students' progress throughout the duration of the course and generates a single final grade.
Brown (2010), noted another positive aspect of formative assessment as the idea that results
are created utilizing a range of settings, objectives, and activities, allowing both teachers and
students to acknowledge their areas of weakness. To evaluate students at the end of the term,
the final exam may only be used as a summative evaluation
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I have considered this sociolinguistic profile research paper to be valuable since
getting constructive feedback raised the quality of the study, and another person's perspective
is always able to see mistakes that we would not notice. As a result of several societal causes,
the students are realistic with one another. According to Mesthrie et al. (2009), social variables
are traits or qualities that affect how people behave and thrive in a certain group. It could have
a minor or significant impact on the way of living. In addition to the characteristics indicated
above, this study also briefly discusses the age, gender, and socioeconomic level of the selected
students. Numerous examples are given by Goldstein (2006) to show how speakers of English
as a second language may distinguish between different English types and transition between
them. Studies show that learners are more likely to converse in their mother tongue with peers
because they are deprived of the opportunity to learn and utilize informal dialects.
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