Загрузил o.majorov2013

Иностранный язык профессиональной деятельности 2 семестр

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Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: "LibreOffice,
Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess
(include)... by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager"
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
are included
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: "The transistor,
which (introduce) ... in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable"
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
was introduced
... is data that provides information about other data, but not the content of the data,
such as the text of a message or the image itself
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
metadata
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: "There was no such
thing when the first computers (develop)... following WWIΓ
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
were developed
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: "The addition of
support for Linux programs, which (reveal) ... in 2018, was a big advance"
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
was revealed
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: "Wireless network
connectivity (also manage) ... by mobile operating systems"
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
is also managed
... computer is a type of computers that harnesses the collective properties of
quantum states, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement, to perform
calculations
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
quantum
... is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a non-profit
organization, or a government body
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
management
... integration is giving way to very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and wafer-scale
integration (WSI)
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Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
large-scale
... is an electronic machine that can store, organize and find information, do
processes with numbers and other data, and control other machines
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
computer
Cell phones are ..., making it possible to provide everyone with communication
channels
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
digital
... memory is a memory management technique that provides an idealized
abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine
which creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
virtual
... is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding
resources to the system
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
scalability
The most significant worldwide danger is the rise in labor... when information
technologies are implemented
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
unemployment
Demand for programmers is already outstripping supply, and some analysts believe
that this shortfall will limit... usage development in the next few years
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
computer
The ... transistor was conceived about 25 years before bipolar transistors, but mass
production did not become feasible until the early 1960s
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
field-effect
A mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 is called ...
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
pascaline
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.... ensure the uninterrupted operation of vital systems, therefore, if a failure occurs
or some illegal operations are performed, the OS must diagnose them, if necessary,
block the program or isolate applications from each other, initiate recovery and
protection of other programs or the system itself
RTOS
BOS
DOS
RTS
... latency is the time interval from the end of the execution of the last user
interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process
that entered the state due to this interrupt
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
scheduling
... memory is a memory management technique that provides an idealized
abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine
which creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
virtual
The most significant worldwide danger is the rise in labor... when information
technologies are implemented
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
unemployment
... systems are computerized systems used in manufacturing to track and document
the transformation of raw materials to finished goods
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
execution
Demand for programmers is already outstripping supply, and some analysts believe
that this shortfall will limit... usage development in the next few years
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
computer
... is an open-source Linux distribution built on the architecture and infrastructure
of Debian
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
ubuntu
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Cell phones are digital, it was the transition to digital that made it possible to
provide everyone with communication channels, but without... in SIM cards,
cellular communications could not become mass
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
cryptography
... is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding
resources to the system
Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ
scalability
The observations that apply to a common ... information system also apply to a
certain extent to data warehouses and data mining
integrated
real-time
distributed
embedded
The analytical engine was invented in ...
1933
1833
1733
2022
There are some of the potential benefits of distributed operating systems, for
example ... (choose 2 correct answers)
they minimize the load on the host computer
they require a high level of expertise to maintain
they allow a faster exchange of data among users
if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down
The ..., which was introduced in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable
photonics
transistor
microchip
vacuum tube
The type of operating system that is not directly linked to the computer is the ...
operating system
batch
distributed
time-sharing
multitasking
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Arrange the inventions chronologically:
Тип ответа: Сортировка
1 The Stepped Reckoner
2 Atanasoff-BerryComputer
3 Markll
4 UNIVAC
Arrange the events chronologically:
Тип ответа: Сортировка
1 Calculations are done on an Abacus by sliding beads across the rods
2 Pascaline, the first gear-driven calculator, was invented
3 Mark 1 was developed for army to compute World War Two ballistic fighting
tables
4 Apple Il was the first personal computer with color monitor
... was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be
written almost entirely in high-level language
Unix
Linux
Multics
Windows 95
... created the first operating system for the IBM 701
О MIT
О Apple
О Samsung
О General Motors
The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto
computer concepts, was released in ...
О 1923
О 1956
О 1984
О 2001
The introduction of time-sharing systems, in particular, has long been regarded as a
watershed moment in the evolution of ... systems
О operating
О executing
О mediating
О monitoring
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A user cannot send direct instructions to the hardware ... various activities
О execute
О executes
О to execute
О to be executed
Identify the sequence of generations of computers (by their description):
Тип ответа: Сортировка
1 huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations
2 computers were mostly utilized for scientific and technical calculations, with
FORTRAN and assembly code being the most used programming languages
3 the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created
for one could be run on the other
4 computers with Large Scale Integration Circuits (LSI) and silicon chips with
thousands Oftransistors
... is a person who identifies and analyzes business problems, and generates system
requirements
Project manager
System architect
Enterprise architect
Business systems analyst
The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto
computer concepts, was released in ...
1960
1984
1987
2001
The network operating system, which allows users to copy files from ...
one station to another
RAM to built-in memory
RAM to Cloud memory
a station to Cloud memory
... was used in the first generation of computers
Machine language
C++ language
Punched cards
Java language
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.... technologies are one of the most basic through technologies in many documents
and by many experts
Augmented reality
Artificial intelligence
Photonics
Bionics
Debian is a pre-compiled software that has over... packages and is based on the
Linux kernel
59 000
100 000
200 500
347 000
Identify the sequence of information management steps:
Тип ответа: Сортировка
1 the acquisition of information from one or more sources
2 the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need
3 ultimate disposal of information through archiving or deletion
Harvard Mark I is ...
a punched wooden card
a mechanical-digital computer
a fully automatic computing machine
an automatic sequence controlled calculator
The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over... years,
with more than 5 million installed copies
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
A roadblock to data availability such as connectivity means that... (choose 2
correct answers)
your data is too inconvenient for me to load
your unclassified data describe company secrets
systems are not connected to the same network
users are not aware of specific data sets because metadata is not published
Transferred data might contain some important...
signs
chains
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texts
information
... is a technical person who builds new software systems
System architect
Project manager
System designer
Application developer
... AE has been ported to leading high-availability CompactPCI platforms such as
the CPX8000 from Motorola Computer Group
VxWorks
VRTX
CHORUS
OS-9
Match the components of QNX with their characteristics:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
Microkernel
Process manager
Device manager
Network manager
it is protected by several layers of protection
responsible for creating and deleting processes, memory management, timers and
coprocessor emulation, and diagnostics
a type of system process that keeps specific hardware running smoothly
a bottleneck in most operating systems and usually creates significant problems for
RTOS
Match computers to their creators:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
Mark 1
Pascaline
Napier's bones
Personal computer
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Howard Aikien
Blaise Pascal
John Napier
IBM
Establish a correspondence between the abbreviation and the definition:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
ISO
CORBA
XML
SQL
International Standards Organization
Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
Extensible Markup Language
Structured Query Language
Martin Timmerman formulated the necessary requirements for an RTOS. Two of
them are about priorities. Why the combination of priorities is necessary?
The RTS software is a fixed set of pre-developed modules, and the choice of a
program for execution is carried out by interrupts (based on the current state of the
object) or in accordance with the scheduled work schedule
∣t is the opposite of "necessary", as the combination of thread priorities can lead to
problems such as priority inversion and deadlock
RTOS needs to share resources. There are a lot of real-time process and system
resources for their operation must be available in advance
Most businesses don't want to deal with non-core tasks, which include the IT
infrastructure. And if it has to pay for a data center, it has to function at maximum
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efficiency. Crisis situations are exacerbating resource shortages. Enterprises are
cutting IT budgets, investing less in long-term projects in general and in data
centers in particular. It is impossible to abandon IT altogether - it is equal to giving
up doing business, but phased financing and speed of commissioning come to the
fore. What do today's IT managers face while having limited budgetary resources
to expand data centers?
Task of providing more services to more users, meeting ever-increasing
performance expectations, storing and managing exponentially increasing amounts
of data, better protecting the network, and ensuring system stability
Mail to be lost when using postal mail, and neither the sender nor the receiver
would know where the letter was or whether it had been delivered
They face a lot of challenges as "hundreds of billions of dollars are spent annually
on mobile phones, electronic devices, computers, and other microelectronic
products, spawning an entire industry that did not exist a decade ago"
The first recognized use of the word "computer" was from 1613. What did the
"computer" use to mean before this word started to refer to devices?
It was used for people who have a high level of intelligence
It was used for a device which helped ships to calculate their latitude at sea
It was used for people who performed repetitive mathematical operations
Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute amplification of
a weak current in an electronic circuit was to use a vacuum tube. What were the
initial advantages transistors demonstrated over small vacuum tubes?
Transistors had longer lifespan, were smaller and many of them could be placed on
a single chip
Transistors were larger, while consuming far less power. They were more reliable
Small vacuum tubes’ production cost was much higher. Tubes' material turned out
to be harmful for people's skin
Cryptography is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the
sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents. What does a
massive use of cryptography lead to?
О Among other things, it leads to protection of accounting for payment by
subscribers of a digital communication channel
O It leads to the dissemination of obscene materials that pose a threat to the moral
foundations of society, because people feel free when they can act anonymously,
distribute, buy and sell illegal materials with low chance Oftracing them
O It leads to a significant improvement of the identification of people by automatic
machines when crossing the borders of states
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An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution,
manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the
following statements is not true about the Information Society?
О The information society refers to the social, economic, technological, and
cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and
extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern
countries, particularly since World War Il
O According to Professor W. Martin attempted to formulate the main
characteristics of the information society according to the Social and
Technological criteria
O The information society has been formed decades ago, and therefore has been
widely studied from different angles; experts have reached the consensus regarding
the "Information Society" term
Artificial intelligence is becoming more standardized, making it more accessible to
a subject-matter expert who isn't necessarily a knowledge engineering expert.
What standards are becoming more common accessible and useful today?
О International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Remote Data Access
(RDA)
O American National Admissions Institute (ANSI) Structured Join Language
(SQL)
O Object Management Group (OMG) - Common Object Broker Architecture
(CORBA)
O Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML)
O Web Ontology Language (OWL), Knowledge Query and Manipulation
Language, Win Interchange Format (KIF)
Correlate the generations of computers with their descriptions:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
A. Computers of the First Generation
B. Computers of a New Generation
C. Computers of the Third Generation
D. Computers of the Fourth Generation
E. huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations
F. computers were mostly utilized for scientific and technical calculations, with
FORTRAN and assembly code being the most used programming languages
G. the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created
for one could be run on the other
H. computers with Large Scale Integration Circuits (LSI) and silicon chips with
thousands of transistors
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Match the sentence with the time it was written:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
A. BINAC and EDSAC were notable early Stored- program electronic digital
computers
В. Until now, there hasn't been any quantumcomputing platform that had the
capability to program new algorithms
С. Developers have been trying to find a solution to this problem since the last
century but still haven't found one
D. Nowadays many smartphones have faster processor speeds and more memory
than desktop PCs
still haven't found one
Nowadays many smartphones have faster processor speeds and more memory than
desktop PCs
E. Past Simple
F. Present Perfect
G. Present Perfect Continuous
H. Present Simple
Match the abbreviations and transcripts:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
A. ICTs
B. Al
C. GDP
D.information and communication technologies
E.artificial intelligence
F.gross domestic product
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Match the units of data measurement with their characteristics:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
A. Bit
B. Kilobyte (kb)
C. Gigabyte (Gb)
D. is the smallest unit of measurement
E. is approximately 1000 bytes, or the equivalent of 1000 characters
F. is approximately 1000 Mb, or the equivalent of one billion characters
Match the approaches to understanding the information society and their authors:
Тип ответа: Сопоставление
A. W. Martin
В. Rakitov
С. N. Kurnosov
D. the information society is understood as a «developed post-industrial society»
that arose primarily in the West
E. the transition to the information society means that the most important product
of social activity is the production, operation and use of services and knowledge,
and the share of knowledge in this combination is increasing
F.the information society is dominated by remote communications, remote work
and leisure; new relations are formed between people in the process of production
and social activity
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