Загрузил Мария Насонова

White Russian Emigration

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by Mariia Nasonova
KSM, 3rd semester
The Russian emigration is
composed of groups of
people ranking from the
Imperial family and Court
officials to those in the
professions, men of science
and
artists of worldwide
reputation, workers, farmers,
and artisans.
CAUSES OF THE POSTWAR REFUGEE
MOVEMENT
 the overthrow of the czarist regime
and the establishment of Bolshevist
rule in Russia in 1918;
 the collapse of the Russian White
A white Russian émigré was a Russian subject who emigrated
from the territory of former Imperial Russia in the wake of the
Armies in European Russia in 1919-
Russian Revolution (1917) and Russian Civil War (1917–1923), and
20 and in Siberia in 1920-22;
who was in opposition to the revolutionary (Red Communist) Russian
 the famine of 1921.
political climate. Many white Russian émigrés participated in the
White movement or supported it, although the term is often broadly
applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change
in regimes.
The refugees belonged for the most part to the highly
educated and cultured professional and intellectual classes of
former Russia whose motive was not only political and patriotic
but also one of personal security, because under Bolshevist
terror they were condemned to slaughter and extermination.
Nabokov was an emigrant of the 2nd Wave, meaning he was among the
Russians that left Russia during the Civil War after the revolution. Nabokov’s
family was forced to flee to Crimea and sought exile in Western Europe. After
completing his bachelor’s degree at Cambridge University and spending some
time in Germany, Nabokov eventually settled in America where he was to
become a professor of literature at Cornell University. Nabokov originally
started writing in Russian, but his fiction was banned in the Soviet Union. He
also wrote in English to reach local American readers, his most famous novel
being Lolita. He even translated some of his own work in English.
Nabokov has made a significant impact on Russian and English literature
for some of the ideas he proposes as a result of his experience as an emigrant.
Despite enjoying the intellectual freedom of America at the time, Nabokov
always remained very close to the Russian literary tradition, including many
references to the greats of Dostoevsky, Pushkin and Tolstoy in his writing.
Moreover, as result of his dual-identity, Nabokov was always interested in
cultural multiplicity and the problems of cross-cultural identity. It is noticeable,
for example, in his essays and writings, that Nabokov tried to defy stereotypes
by creating culturally complex characters.
Feodor Ivanovich Chaliapin was a Russian opera singer.
Possessing a deep and expressive bass voice, he enjoyed an
important international career at major opera houses.
Privately, Chaliapin's personal affairs were in a state of disarray
as a consequence of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The harsh
realities of everyday life under the new regime, and the unstable
climate caused him to remain perpetually outside Russia after 1921.
He still maintained, however, that he was not anti-Soviet. Chaliapin
initially moved to Finland and later lived in France. Chaliapin's
attachment to Paris did not prevent him from pursuing an
international operatic and concert career in England, the United
States, and further afield.
In May 1931 he appeared in the Russian Season directed by Sir
Thomas Beecham at London's Lyceum Theatre. His most famous part
was the title role of Boris Godunov.
Sir Paul Gavrilovitch Vinogradoff was a Russian and British
historian and medievalist.
Vinogradoff became professor of history at the University of
Moscow, but his zeal for the spread of education brought him into
conflict with the authorities, and consequently he was obliged to
leave Russia. Having settled in England, Vinogradoff brought a
powerful and original mind to bear upon the social and economic
conditions of early England, a subject which he had already begun to
study in Moscow.
In 1903 he was elected to the position of Corpus Professor of
Jurisprudence at the University of Oxford, and held this position until
he died in 1925. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in
1905. He received honorary degrees from the principal universities,
was made a member of several foreign academies.
Sources:
Schaufuss, Tatiana. “The White Russian Refugees.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
203
(1939):
45-54.
Web.
URL:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1021884.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A366fe33fea99c7c2f8bc9c536b6ae448.
Accessed: 27 Oct. 2021.
Kasnina, Olga. “Русская эмигрантская община в Англии: 1920-1930 гг. [The Russian émigré community in England:
1920-1930].”
Русскiй
Мiръ
[Russian
World]
1
http://ricolor.org/europe/britania/vr/rus/1/. Accessed: 27 Oct. 2021.
(2000):
18-32.
Web.
URL:
Thank you for your attention!
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