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TaK xe KaK Bce noArrrHrrHHKH puc. 2.10 - nnacrw- qecKI4M CM€I3OIIHbIM MaTepUaJIOM,3aKnaAbIBaeMbtMB noArrrHrrHLIKOBbrey:nr,t. 3a[II4THbI€ ycrpoftcrBa, npe.4orBpalqarcrune BbII{bIBaHr4e[racrnr{ecKor-o cr\,{a3oqHoro MarepHana, cocrotr H3 IrlraMrroBaHHbrx(puc. 2.1 I) HnH roqewux Qntc. 2.1 1) Konerl H craKaHoB, Bbrrlo.rrHeHHbrx3aoAHo, Hnu orAeJrbHo or Kop[yca peAyr(Topa. ltonr.rqe_ cxNfr AucK KoJrecanpeAHa3HaqeH,1,r-ac6poca MacJra3a [peAenbr craKaHa. * Ha puc. 2.13 u 2.Il npuneAeHbl KoHcrpyKuar{ oAHocryneHqarbrx peryKropoB c BHyTDOHHI4M 3auerneHuena. llepruli eapnaHT He LrMeer fiirocKocrtr pa3beMa, rro3ToMy 4;rx c6opKi4 peAyKTopa l4c[onb3yercr SraHrleBar KpbrrrrKacoorBercrByrou{r4x pa3MepoB.Bropax KoHcroyKlnt HMeer Da3beMB rrnocrocrn ocr,rruxoxonHoro BaJra. * o6t*IHo llrecrepHu H3roraBJrHBarcT3a oAHo rlenoe c BaJroM- B BHA. BaJraIrrecrepHH, pexe, npn 6olr[IpIX AplaMerpanbHbrx pa3Mepax ruecrepHn, ee BbrrrorrHr- ror HacaAuoftQtuc.2.3, 2.4 u 2.1I). X !,'rx perynunpoBKll3aII.IIJI.Hwfl v Harflra B paA,anbHo-y[opHbrx ,,orrrr'rrHllKaK llpl{MeH.f,rorcfiMera[rtdr{ecKnenpoKnaAKr4noA $nauqaun Kpblrxer; rulu$onauHLie KoJrbqacoorBercrBylolqeft rolirlnrlbl, ycraHaBnuBaeN.rbre N{e)KAyxpuurxofi u HapyxHbllv1H KonbUaivtH noAtuunHIlKoB;HJrHBHHTbT c MeJrKofipe:16ofr, eo:AefrcrByIoIrIHe Ha HappKHbIeKoJrbr{a[oArur{nHr4KoBtrepe3 Ha)Kr{MHbre uafi6rr (puc. 2.3, 2.5u 2.6). I Kpenrieuze KoprycaK ocnoBaHnro rprrBoAa Hapuc. 2.1...2.3, 2.5,2.g...2.10 BbINONHCHO B HI4IIIAX, qTO f,BJIflCTC.fl 6OICC COBPCMEHHbIM. l l I I Bo ecex [pprBeAeHHbrxKoHerpyKrlr{rx, KpoMepuc. 2.,1-1,ctta:rca 3aIIe[JIeHI4t a oeyulecTBrrqercfloKyHaHHeMTr{xoxoAHot'oKOrIecaB MacJlaHyroBaHHy.lfoAuuanHnKr{ MoryT cMa3brBarbcrorHHM rr3 AByx cnoco6oe, llt6o xou6uuaqr'refi Hx. B nepBoM rtpr ol{pyxsoft cKopoeru oKynaeMoroI(oJIecav > cnyqae - pa:6psr:ruBaHlreMNracJra, ooMacJrtluofo Bo nropol\'I- rlJracrl4tlryMaHa>>" 2 ,tt/c, o6ecue.{nBarouefi o6pa:oeaHne HbIM cMa3oqHbrMMarepqaJroM,3arroJrHf,ro[InMwa 213 [oJTocrI4 iloilllli'lnHllKoBbIX fHe3A, y,{epxfiBaeMbrM r{ 3ar{I4il{aeMblrvl oT BbIMbIBalll}1.fl.IIITaMnOBaHHbIMI{ y[nOTHI'l- - puc. 2.1...2.3, 2.5, 2.6 u reJrbHbrMumaklawru(n cly.rae cepufiHofo npopr3BoAcrea) (e cnyvae MenKocepufinoro KoJrbuaMH 2.10, HJrlrroqeHbrMuMa3eyAepxuBalouluMpl - puc. 2.4, 2.7 u 2.11. Orpa1oraHHoeMacJiocJluBaerctqepe3orBeprrpor43BoAcrna) [po6KaMH pa3nnrrHblxKoHcrpyrqnfte-tvrt s HuxHeri qacrn Kaprepa, 3aKpbIBaeMbIe Kpbll[KaMI4pa3nHq3aKpblBaeNlble [nx sanuBKHN{acjracny}i(ar cMorpoBble JIIoTIKI4, Hbrx KoHcrpyxqrailc or.{yixuHaMrr n $rEnrrpavrn' O f{,'rl xourponr 3a ypoBHeMMacJrarrpeAycMorpeHblKoHTponbnrtenpooxrl r una KIrhaHur JoI' o - pr tc.2.i;r yy5qar bi e - i r uc . p u c . 2 . 2 ,2 .9 tt 2 .i 3 ; Ma u i ro yKa3a' ieJr -2.5 - puc. 2.8; )Ke3rroBbte (uyntr) - puc. 2.3, 2.4, 2.7, 2.10 u 2.14. u 2.6; xpyr.rrbre 3" KoHcrpyl{uuu KoHr{qecKuxpeAyKTopoB O4HocrynenrlaTble KoHHtrecKHepeAyKToptr (pr,tc.3.1...3.1/) clyxar Anl [epeAaqH KpyTs[Iefo NroMeHTaMe)r(AyBaJIaMHC [epeceKaroIIIHMHCqOC'MI4-KilI\ noA yrnorrr (261 + Zd) = 90".IIpu orppKHbIX cKopocrtlx l' < J 'ttic (''iiiIIpaBHJIo, qecKneKoJrecaBbr[oi]Hqrorcqc [pqMbIN{L{ :-v6rrnu. flptl cnonocrs\ i' > J -tt/c, ocoBo3r{oXHbIMIIpI46egso B ycnOBHrXcepHfrHoroiIpoH3BoJCIBa(Kor-li.tCraHotsllTc.f, ocHacrKu II pex).urero HHcrpyrrleura),3al{e[neHHe cneufiaJrg3gpoBaHHofi MeHeHr4e BbrnoirHsercqc KpyroBbrMuzy6sxuu. [r,n, KoJIecc KpyroBbrlvrn:y6rxMl'{ yron HaKJroqHcJIa Ha rnr1krvsy6a ua cpeAHeMAuaMerpe cocraBirter P,n = 35'. llepeAarorlHr,Ie r S5' uS4, c KpyroBbll'tu:y6r.rnqra c lps\lcty6uuu KOJIeCaI{H peAyKTopoB pac€t) K npeu.ul.tqecmean4 KoHlrtecKuxnepedaq .\toJt{:HoomHecmu npLffireHeHue rcsepdocmeilarcmueuam do sHaqumenbHbtx cmaryeit(sarcanuea.e"Mbtx npocmpaHetutbrx zy\uce), da, no,utanyu,ux ocHonHoeceoilcmeu - nepedauyKpymnL4eJo no7epxHocmeft Ltcfl oCttxrlt 6p aul eHufl. n4o,t4eHma a ecrcdy Ba.naA'tl,t c nep ec eKarcu4ur14 KonecaI u3eoS Hedocmamt<uceodnmcfl K cnedyrculuu $arcmcwt, KoHuqecKLte itiu7-7eHu'ti,vieiiee iii€xiioLlozli4Hbi, |ie"ri iintuudpuliecKue- Pezynupo1Ka Kaiiii'aecrcail neytedauu fl,anflemcn 6onee myty-doenrrcoil. Inn KoHullecKux neoedaq xapaKmeoHbl: 1'ouLl!!11e R t Pnun AR n { iH i i l? a i! 1 t ! ! O . .iitfiAitZL;z'L) ( t t t t t l u u d n t r u a'rv !! {' \ rr Er '7t"-' ,4 ! r 'iii-i'iiivy'" n n . 1 ! 1 . ! e n H ou a "t'-'-"-f 157c. 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B nepnont cnyalae 3TH rIpoKnaAKI4 ycraHaBnuBarorcr MexAy r(opilycoM n $.naHqelr craKaHa(uanprauep puc. 3.2 nos. 19, puc 3.4 nos. 18,puc 3.5 nos. 24, puc 3.7 nos. 22), a Bo BropoM MexAy KpbIIxKofinoAurI{IrHHKa n SnanqeMcraKaHa(nanpunaep puc. 3.2 nos. 18,puc 3.4 nos. 17,puc 3.5 nos.25,puc 3.7 nos.2l). OceuyruperynrapoBKyKoJIecailpoBoA.tlT rIocJIeperynupoBKr4 noArrrHnHHKoB rrepecraHoexoft rrpoKnapuc.3.2 nos.20,puc 3.4 nos. 19,puc 3.7 nos.23) c oAnoftcropoHbr 4or (HanpuMep KopnycaHalpyfyro. C' (-.oBnaAeHaeRepIni{HI(oHycoB I(oHTponHpy}oTrr0 BeJlp{qtr]F,e '^ t4 pactroJro)KeHulo rr.{rHa KoHTaKTa Ha rloBepxHocru ry6een pernaMeHTkrpyeMbru fOCTorvr. t{ro6tr o6ecnequru 6es:a:opHoe coeAl4HeHr.re Bcex 4eralefi, ycraHoBneFrHbrxHa BanyIllecreoHe,rIocJ'IeIHzii*ra6xeH pe:s6ofi u raitxofi co cronopnofi maii6oli. CyurecrByror H ApyfHe KoHcrpyKrlHr,r, HarrpHMepc yrropHbrrta 6yprurcoxr- puc. 3.3. B xa.{ecrBe oilop BaJIoBKoHHarecKHX [epeAaq urapoKoe npr4MeHeHne nonyqu$LI pailkIaJrbHo-y[OpHlre KOHHqecKHe pOIpIKOIIOAIIIHIHHKH, XOpOmo B0C[pI{HHMaIOtJlue paAI4ELIIbHbIe H OCeBbIe yCI{nHfr, BO3Hr4KarOLrIHeOT KOHHqeCKOT-O3arle[JreHHfl" Brr6op B IIonHy ponuKonoAIIrHtIHI4Koe o6ycnoBJreHwx 6onrurefi xecrxocrbro, no cpaBHeHnio c urapI4KoBbIMH,rITo HeM€LIIOBaXHO npH KOHCOJIbHOM paCnOnOX(eHHH mecTepHH. PaccnaorpuM ocodeHnocru HeKoropbrx KoHcrpyrcqufr . Pegyxrop Konldr{ecKprfi oAuocry[eHqarufi ropn:oHTaJrbHbrft, oclr BaJroBTaK)Ke pacnono)KeubrB ropa3oHralruofi rrJrocKocrt4 puc. 3.1...3.5. * PeEyrcropKonur{ecKufiorHocryneHqarlrft c ropu3oHraJrbHuu 6rrcrpoxoAHbrM ti BepTiiKaiIbHbIM TlixoxoAiitil',i Ba!-iaM*i(7,uc. 3.5...3.8). t-{acro iioliiiidiiiiarca 6aicrpoxoAHoro BaJIa cMa3blBalorcfl pa3AeirbHo Qtttc.3.7), rax4rrfi IIo.{ruHnHHK HMeer ABycTopoHHee Ma3eyAepxHBaloqee ycrpoficrso. 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B uoAuranHuKoBolu y3ne I4CNOJII{EFTASIII KOHPIqCCKI4C I]OXTTI.I'ITHP!(i'! ]/CTAHOB-qCHLI (<BPA-CT-q-ffKV'). flpra c6opKe KoHur{ecroii [epeAaEu4 perynl4py]orcs Bl{aqare [oAIrIllIrHL{K11, T.e. cyMMapusrir oceBofi 3a3op B rro4rrlr4rlHuKax.C ycraHoexoil rro cxeMe <<Bpacrfl)KKy>>opef_vJrnpoBKaocyqecTBir-seTcfl oceBbIM nepeMeuleHlleM BIryTpeHHtrx Koneu rroArrrqrrHgKoB c noMorqbro Kpylrrofi raftru co crorlopnoil uraii6ofr. llplr racrroirb3oBaHur4cxeMbr <Bpacnop>>.peryJrnpoBKa cBoAI,ITc{ r no46opy ronlqp1Hbl Mer[LIIJII4qecKplx trpoKnaAor{ N,rexgy i<psruxofi [oAIxHrIHvrKa:a Slanqelr c'raKaHa. 3arev pefyxHpyeTcr CaMO 3aueilJreHue nepeMeUIeHI{eM BarrIa-ueCTepHI4B OCeBOMHanpaBrTeHuH flyreM H3MeHeHHf roJnr{r4Hrrua6opa ToHKLIXN{erarrutlecKux [poKnaAoK MexAy KopnycoM r,r$nauqeM craKaHa. fio rIJIocKocrH Kopuyca peAyrcopaBpuc. i.i...J.7 sL,rnorneubic pa3:beN{oN{ ocefi Banon. C6opKa BaJ.IoBB HHX oc)'uecrB"-Lqercq nPII cHfiTt'tfr KFbiiJ-rKc'KL)i"rl1\c4' Koprr.ycaorHocHTeJbHoKaprepao6ecnequBaercr3a cqer Toqsas Snr<caqnxr(pbrurKr4 ,UByXIIITI{OT9B,a KpenJleHneNfe)KAyco6ofi 6olraltu i'I BHHTaMH. KoHcrpyr(qr{rx,KpoMepuc. 3.10 u 3./1, ctr,ta:ra3allella Bo ecex [,,]lrBegeHHbrx BaHHy.floAurptnoAHofo H3 Korec B MacJltrH,v}o JIeHI4sercyulecrt-riflercsoKyHalIHeN{ ilii(ti. I(aK Ii B C.1i--rae C fiI{XIlIlApll'{eCKI{llII{ peAi'KTOpa}JI4, i''{OfyT C}'{a3brBaTbCgO.4- irr.rNrH3.,[ByXcnoco6oe, lg6o xopt6uuaquefi nx. B repBoM cnyqae pa:6prr:ruBanl{eM MacJIa, rIpLI oKpyx(Hofi cropocru ol(yHaeMoro KoiIeCa V > 2 m/c, uro o6ecneqnsa'oMacrtHofo ryMaHa>>.Bo BTopotv{- ilracrutrHbtNl cMa3oqHbIM Mareer o6pa3oBa:nvLfr. ynnoTpuanoN{. yAep)KtlBaeMbrM H 3aIrIHrrIaeMbrMoT BbIMbIBAHVfiIIITaMIIOBaHHbIMI4 Hr{reJIbHbIMIaUIaii$arltH (n cepufiHotrt ilpo1a3BoAcrne) puc" 3.6 u 3.9, wnv' TorIeHbIMl'{ npola3BoAcrne) - puc" 3.7, 3"iA Ma3eyAepxgBarorur4Mr{ KoJrbuaMr4(e rraerrcocepnfiHorra noitrrlr4rrHr4roB6slcrpoxonHolo BaJraB craKaH r{acro -"aKJIay 3.1/. t.nr c1,.{a:1.L.!p.aHr4s iliaciic ciirtBaercfi' 'te=AbiBaercfi iiiiacrli--iii;ilf ci"ia:oriHbil"i iviarcprian. Orpa6oraHHoe '.tacru Kaprepa, 3aKpbiBaeMbieilpo6KaMn pa3nI4qHbIXKoI{pe3 orBep ertr1 e HHxuefi r--r 'ttvttr-tir. i:iii,ii'i. -: Py .flng Ai;,-r i;ii!tr'.r "onr,rp|rr.r r,rrr-il'r crr\/fr{ar YwiJ tii; cl\rnrl,\rrFlLte --' 't'- illrlt{KIr- c oTAyrutlHaMluv $nnrrpaltu. MHpa3nuqHbrxKoHCTpyKrIrafi l4 3aKOr-IRaeNlI-le --"r-' Kpb!rIlKa- + f,;ii uoiirpoir.fi 3a vpotsHeiviivi6cii&npc/:iyclviorpcHbrKoHTponbHbicnpo6Kti Kpyrrloro rkrila - puc. 3.1, 3.2, 3.4 u 3.5; rpy6Llarble- puc. puc. 3,8; MacnoyKa3areJlll J.6; xesroBble (urynu; -pltc. 3.3, 3.7, 3.9. 4. KoucrpyKul{n qepBrr{Hblx pe[-YKTopoB t{epnnunbre peAyKTopac uuJrnHApuqecK[Mn qepBflKaMH (pur. 4.1...4.6, yrloeofi cKopocrl414 An{ roHI4)KeHHq 4.8...4.11,4.t3...4.15 u 4.ln rprrMeH-rrrorcs HL1sMeXAy llepeKpeuHBalouIlIMHct BaJIaMI4. n epeAaqnABI4)Ke N t z .^,--.^ ^^^.\^,^^^. €) Vepenuuwe pedyrcmoputo1ecneqltganm 1onawue nepedamoqHbteuucrTatt = 8,..100 u 6onee. 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Pasrr.rqarcT Tpr4 salr6olee pacnpocrpaHeHHble KoMIIoHoBoqHbIe cxeMbi qepB{r{Hbrx peAyKTopoB: c Hr{)KHr{M,BepxHHM n 6oroertM pac[ono)KeHl{eM ueperxa. EcHtrx(Heepac[ononr{ oKpyx(Hatr cKopocrb Ha KoJTeceAo y = 4...6 n/c,nputtuMalor xeHge qepBrKa. 3ro o6ec[equBaer Jiyqilrl4e ycnoBt{fl cM€BKl4H oxJ'IaxAeHVfl 3aIIe[Bana-qepBrxa. llpn 6ollrullx cxoJreHHs,a raruKe ynporuaeT cMa3Ky rIo.UlrIHrIHl4KoB T rjoTcppi Ha iicpci"icuiiiBaHiie liac.l.ia.iiofToi'ii" npII fiepeAa'Ie IlertL,iP<rL I a rI.\ P\Jv $olr,urux Moirlnocrefi, peroueHAyercr BepxHeepacnonoxeHlre qepBtKa. 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Ha c6opotlHoM Llepre)Keu:o6paxaror Heo6xoAr.rl,roe Anfl rroirHoro H oAHo3HaqHO[O TIOHHMaHH"S KOHCTpyKUHHpeIyKTOpa KOJIHqeCTBO Br{EOB, pa3pe3oB, BbrHocHbrx?neMeHToBH ceqeHraff. 2. lonNuu 6rnr ).KasaHbrrpn ocHoBHbrefpyrrrrbr pa3MepoB: - ralapnrHbre; - ycTaHoBorlHbre; - [pr4c0eAI4Hr4TeJIbHbre. qHcJ'roBble3HaqeHnt MexoceBbrx paccrorHuit c yK€BaHHeNI 3. flpocratsrttorct orKJroHeHuit u pa3Mepbr KoHuoB BarroBc AoIrycKaMH, rrocaAoqHbrepa3Mepbr rroA KOIIeCa,3Be3AOIIKHH ITIKI,IBbI,lIOAlrrHrrHHKH14ynnoTHeHLIfl c cooTBeTCTByIOUIr4Mr4 n0caAKat\,IH. A \i -.^^, -i'. r Kajbiijaruiuri rjapanicTpbi iiiiioiiotiHbix ti iiiiiliiietsbix Y coelfi.iiictitui'yi. 5. Ha u:o6paxeHr{blx BHAax vilv Ha Br4AaxAolonHr4TeJrbHbrx o6sEarerrHo CneAyIOUr4e rro.rrcHfirorqne KoHcTpyKrIr{}o pa3pe3br: AOJIXHbIrIpnCyTCTBOBarb - no cMoTpoBoMyJuoKy, - [o oTAyrrrr4He, - rro cJrrBnofrnpo6xe, - [o MacJroyKa3aTe_[rc, --_ J _ '^^li.fy oTBepcTliic Ha iiaiax, - no pai3r-Ir{.IH-brM SorTralui(ruHrarw) coeAuHrrourtiM qtaaTmKoprryca, - no pa3J-rHqHbrM rurn+|ralr, nn nn rrv \tnT.rrrnDnTTtr, rhn\ rrl/vJ f rttltllo u{rrlslvr, I r - rro orxtrMHoMy 6onry. I9 fin'r epai')'pa AHypren, B.I4. CnpaeovHI,IKKoHcrpyKropa-MaunHocrpourenf,.B 3-x t. I - M.: MaruHHocrp..1992,2000. 8.tr{.AnypbeB. 2 . deralu MarII{H: Auac KoHcrpyKUHfr.B 2-x r. / lIoA peA. I.H. Peurerona. I t . -1. 1992. M.: MauruHocrp., y3noBH Aerarefi MaLIII4H:Y.{e6H. noco6ue {yHaee, n.@. KoncrpynpoBaHl4e - M.: Bsrcru.ffK., 1998,2000,2001. Ans Bry3oe/ lI.O.lyHaeB, O.lI.JIelHKoB. - 447 c. 'A+ . lyuaea, ll.O. KoucrpyupoBaHuey3noB lI Aeranefi uaulrH: V.{e6H. noco6ne Anfi Bry3os / lf.O.f,yHaen, O.l[.IienlrKoB. - M.: I,tsA. UeHrp <<Aragertzx>>, 2003.- 496c. y3JIoBw Xeruteit MailHH: B 5 . Xyxon, K.fL Ar.rrac KoHcTpyrqnfi MeXaHI43MoB, L-X \.'. yr{eoH. nocooHg iurtr c'l'yaeHl()u Maui}4HUUtpul4 l. Lrr(,qn.lJrbnuvr(;Yr nJ- :oe / K.ll.Xyxos, fO.E.fypeBuq.- M.: CtaurHu,2000. MaITIHH: Yqe6s. noco6tle Aera;rei.r 6 . Knpxau, Fi.CI.Pac.rerr.{npoeKrnpoBaHr4e Ar-q Texq. Ry3{lB/ F{.O.K11nKar{,P.A.Eanaca1g.flH. 3-e I13r1..nepepaS. H Aon. .7 X.: Ocn o sa ,1 9 9 1 -. 2 1 6c. Kynua:. II.B. llera.nli MarIHH. flpoexrnpoBaHxe: Cnpanouuoe yve6HoA.T.Cxofr5ela. - M.: Bucur. rIK.. MeroguqecKoeroco6ue / II.B.K-vpN{a3, 2004.- 309c. - M.: Maruruocrir..l"' 8 . Perueroe, A.I{. Aeraui'i\IauIunI fr.H.Peureroe. 496c. :: -'{-';ie i g. [exHoaH.l. II.LL. Ar;tac xoHcrpyr<qr.tiipe.qyKropoB: ]'qe'5: Jl.i4'l-iexnoBurl't1'fl'llerpnqeHKo' * 2-e H3'I'' nelrrp'1ir''1 ::"' - K: Bsruta u r x . ,1 9 9 0 .- 1 5 1c . Yqe6u' |Ioco10. tlleiin6liar, A.E. Kr pcoBoe ilpoeKrupoBaHnegeralefi MaITII4H: 6re AJrqrexHnr\'\roe / -\.E.llleris6.ulIr. - 2-e uz[^.,uepepa6.u AorI. KaluHuHrpaA:-f,urap.cKa3.1q99.- 45:lc. 20 r,, A.un6oM KoHcTpyKrIHfi L r \r rl A rr r/ rf Ir !I fl c Tr_/fr r fl-atltirii n A fr ftIa.q -tn fr p r.ta{rr\tv r. --..r.rv.I'r r r-tl-(r. -r. i J Y-/{J sf II I ?l I Prtc.2.1. Koncrpyxt(t'{fl t{t'{rt'rHApl4qecKofo peAyKropa,peKoMeHAyeMas AJrr ccpuftuoro [pog3BoncrBa. q I \ /.J -1 I tr1 s P' t I o't-agt I peAyKropa,peKoMeHAye}lafl Puc.2.2.Koncrpyxqucur4nHHApr.{qecKoro IIrfl cepufruoronpou3BoAcrBa. *l$ s t Q tc {t{< R :E II\ q' g (\t s qCr \l *i :l xl :l xl :l al r l !a ts <) b g { o -J uf to g 25 o N a --l{ Nl \l Ol \ \\. l r\l h l I \ eIe J q pe.qyKropa,peKoNrelrAyeMat AJI' cepuilHoro rpoH3BoAcrBa. Pwc.2.3. KoHcrpyxqnq qHnHHApr{qecKoro 26 02, F.l r \-l l I l I I I I II I I I I I r.\-l E (o E Ti I I N\ II T bl {o *l*lql' -+ Nl r.)i ts)l I oi ----.I1 al ,I T l n; I <( s c\ I t : \l @, +/ 27 _------_-\ ) I I Ji lI 1 I /:1" / *ie XII nz "i sf Fl \l \ :rl t1l FTtT I I ---l AIfl nelrocepltiiHofo rlpoH3BoAcrBa peAyKropa, peKoMeHAyeMac Puc.2.4.KoHcrpy'rcUut qnJlllHApgr{ecKoro 28 Al ^:l qol nl F)l nl ol hl \l |r)t rft{ r0 al O!i hl crrI Di !O F) r b i t \ t , N l l \ l q I i _ * - . I _ _ _ @ s 29 @ -l peAyKropa,peKoMeHA-Yel{a[ nJifi cepxftuoro npoH3BollcrBa. Puc.2.5. KoucTpyrcqur Ur{nnHApLrqecKoro 30 a t J I peAyKropa, peKoMeHAyeMas AJII ceptlilnoro npol'{3BoAcrBa. Puc.2.6. KoHcrpyxqnfl qH!'rHHApuqecKoro JL A.A a (\ rf, pe.qyKTopa,peKoMeHAyeMaq Puc.2.7 . Koucrpyxqur rIHnr{HApHr{ccKofo Axfl ue,rrocepnftHoro npot{3BoAcrBa. {o q i\ Q a e g a a ss R a I 5 B 35 1-l I AN peAyKropa,peKoN{eHAyeNtal cepufrlrororrpoll3BoxcrBa. Puc. 2.8. KoHcrpyrqur quJrHHApr.{qecKoro AJ-1fl 36 A- A 31 r , A +{ B 720 I t/ 6i r^l sl 40n6,Q 28 peAyKropa,peKoMeHAyeMas Pwc. 2.9. Koucrpyrqnr rIHnr{HApr4qecKoro A,r-flnenrocepnfiHoro npoH3BoAcrBa. 38 \o .F b s (o Ls \ a St B s \R l..) ro c! q G a (o \l 5 a str' 39 ffill peKorlreHAyeMatr peAyKropa, AJrtcepnilHoronpoH3BoAcrBa. Pwc.2.10. KoHcrpyKuurr{l.rJruHgpr.{qecKoro 40 o@ @ @ @ ,@ @ -+l v a I a \/ <{ q I [pou3BoAcrBa. peAyKropa, peKoMeHAyeNraR AnstterrcocepnIHoro Pwc.2.ll. KoucrpyKr{urrlnnuHApnqecKoro 42 Tewuverrue npedo1ouun ffi tu# i;-s i,;j! gi:iajE ;il-sj ,it /. fisnuoK0Hn0Kn0 sgfue7nodttuue u fuucone qda donxuo duru HeMeHee S0% 2 tgnnapuuiocefuoi J0J0p0 nodwunuurax ilrnpoxoduonfuarru pedgrnopa - 004 A,07nn 3. turynawuu ocefuoi J0J0p0 nodwunuurox nuxoxoduozo pedgrnopa fuano - 005 0,09nn /, Boy rodpauuozo pedgrnopa donxuu npofuopavufuantcfl 0npaKU nmTnqdes ptfiro1u saedauui 5 [Totncnu noduunuurofuax zuesd uo2/] uxodrcna3lnu/rHunb n//0rnul/Hb/M ct-/ 0J0L/Hb/t"/ t"/0nepuz/tn/"/' //unon-24' f1t f 2 //50-B 7. "l/tdgcnpua,ttaoe 6 8 pedgrnop L/-/--a-45" 30.4unb 25 ll /"/0r,4a rur 20799-gg /. [onpnoenteno1epxuornu KlpnUCl u KpblwKU npu0K0HL/0ne//bgoi cdopre ''gr-j4" pedgrnopa n7Kpblnb nlHKurlf//npr/zppl'lenuKT r0{_r242s5-80 B Pedgrnop odrsnlnbuarneude0 ne,leuuu / qoranpuH0t"/uH0/tbuoi uazpgxe = fro, //3,8Hn /dnnrepuiuozo u uocco1ozo npwsfuodcnfua/ 9. Bunhtteuuae uedornanru /nofuuweuuui wgnuazneT nodnerauue n"ltuKu u dp/ gtnp0HUnb /0. tnasowuunanepuan JlrlEHflnb Heppxe qerp030 I zodq,u//uqep$ 500C qaro1padonu. //. * - powepudnncnpafuor 4 I 2 J / Texuu,lerras xopoKneputnuKo lTepedanivuoe pedgrnopa vucrio u =ZS Houuuatuuui hpot4anqui HlHeHn uanuxoxoduon fuarry l, = //l,BHn fscnona1pat4euw durnpoxoduom fuana nu= 750nuu-! Paduatnuon H0z,Dg3K0 KlHCl/lbHbtx ttqarnro71atto1pedurnogoue dortee - ilrnpoxoduozo/000H; - nuxoxoduozo 3000lL - notto1uuo lTtte'lo npu/tzxPHufl rourotttuoiHlzpWKU p/ern7. dttuuu norado,luozo Kfinpedqrncpoq=096 5 6 7 XaparnepHlzpg3KU- c //ezKut"/u nl/lqKlt'ilJ uepe1epru1uan, Hpppzg/tfrpHls /-paQuK Hs?pg3KU Fut. 2.i2 t71tune1t uerr- :--t ,'rttXHuwLKUX u rrtyxuuterroi ltariufuuuui x0p0Knepu(nUKUdtts c"l: --: - - : ?i L/ Epnpx0 t1unuudpu vecrozopedgrnopo JA '-F. i6i igj (9) 44 I J8' .i:: F :i',Fl ,r4i ,tg[ rffi ra*t .. Puc.2.l3. KoHcrpyrqnq uHr'IHHApHqecKor-o pel\ Kropa, peKoMeHAyeMaq rrpoH3BoAcrBa. Arfl Me,'rKocepufrHoro *l I A J al +rt idt -l ^ l L ' l \ trr\ ,ZZLIJ{:N. KIJfr qunr.{H.4pHqecKoro peAyKropa, peKoMe}rIyeMarr npor{3BoAcrBPuc.2.14.Koncrpyrqu-s AjrsuelrcocepniiHoro 46 A-A ,r. P9 , , ,/'Ti A I !!0 Qnna \IF tlel s e = l- A 41 I I - --t- I ;-l 48 I <E <i-+ Prac.3.1. KoHcrpyxuuq KoHHqecKoro pe.r)'Kropa,peKoMeHAyeMafl 4lr ceprffnoro trporl3BoAcrBa. 49 *--l------i I F,.- I t -1 I+!"'t-r,t- i----z=-- r..i N FI C\ -]'____----- :F-:*< i "t :r 'l I r _ l {i- Rl Ri 8l - ..',l gzf I { 50 !|l (ol l';-i Nl F)r b1 pejr)Kropa.peKoMeHAyeMafl Puc.3.2.KoHcrpyxuurKoHr,rqecxoro Anncepnfiuoronpor,r3BoAcrBa. 5t d t s MeJIKocepufiuoronpoH3BoAcTBa' PuC.3.3. KoHcrpyxUnr KoHuqecKoropeAyKTopa'peKoMeHAyeMatAIc 52 @ l s \ri\lRT SI 7[-Fl-El tol ^ l lr)l crt "l J/ /t#t | \ \ t, / l99c,,rnl /A\ \v/ -l ,@ 9u47V 53 qi ,/- /-' (]i a * ll c\Jl /,' i t lI ei Ni nl \ \l "11 \ (ol i : ---_F-- I I ol o lo Q,9 o l! * l' , / t.' !l / 6 l / /r .rt I / I R r - n r ; j R k - s r \ \ -:i l 54 o.rl NI 1q./1H590 T- Ni qi I l i @ l xl I <{ s l @ r q r [por{3BoAcrBa. Puc.3.4. KoHcrpyrqr.rs KoH!{qecKoropeAyKTopa,peKoN{eHIyeMas AJrr MeJrKocephfiHoro 55 { --l I T i I *l ----T-- _t i l I I I B l3 grl nt I $i I nt b l I \ l r) i F . - llJ ,/./ ".,'\ | '-rl \ 7,';,' ,"/" d I / , - - \ - \ /J. /,/t? t/ I f tt tl rt / \\X \./ nr llt dr\ ,BA, /9]t) //,<1:l\, \w:,Ht \{Jrz -l-"r- \l \r i Il \r \'r i l \r \r f It Ir I r ! I ! I ol P l d '/ :to \*:7 t, 56 / l ti il t i i Il ni iat i 001 ,'@ l-io i;\ 'iw.,l ,,4S :____>-__ J-.----t )t j} ,'- { f i l r,.iI ll i i@l toi r \ | r l 9 t @ J / @ I peAyKropa,peKoMeHAyeN{at Puc. 3.5. KoHcrpyrcqnrKoHHqecKoro 4rx cepnfiHoro npou3BoAcrBa. 57 g,lr cepufiHofo [poH3BoAcrBa' Pnc. 3.6. Koucrpyxuttc KoHfiqecKoropeAyKropa,peKoMeHAyeMat 59 :i\ €t >-..-\ \\ r) I cl c5l F)i ql I Pj *i st 'f-$ El peAyKropa, p:dc.3.'7 .KoncrpyXUurr KOHllqecKoro npol{3BOAcrBa' peKoMeHIyeMaqAJlflMeJIKOCepufiuoro 60 ---_--___--_l c\l $l \l Nl cill \r Fi 6l I I r t II l I I I g f{ { L ! L 62 9w0Eo a {- F !a l* .{ l--' AJI{ MeJlKocepn[Horonpol{3BoAcrBa. Puc. 3.8. KoHcrpyrqrar KoHHqecKoropeAyKropa, peKoMeHAyeMafl 63 T A,rr cepnftuoro [pon3BoAcrBa' peKoMeHAyeN'lac Puc. 3.9. KoucrplTcuufi KoHl'{qecKofopeAyKropa' \ \ L ry 65 is\ -li- r3 t--" *ft \ l s $ r" t-=-, sil --: a-- I r-- +i i9 ta a* :"t ++ *J__]\ \\ x l I i \ \ .L /rr\I I t ! x' \ \ r \\i u r*l " '! l1 I I T tI I ral npot{3BollcTBa, peAyKTopa,peKoMellAyeMafiA,,IqMeJlKocepuftuoro Puc. 3.10. KoHcrpyrrlr,r'l KoHt,IqecKoro 66 q AJ \\ \s s s \ n qJ q E * ::l peryKTopa,peKoMerrAyeMar Puc. 3.1l. KoircrpyKlltrfiKoHHtlecKoro upor{3BoAcrBa. rnr lre,rrcocepufiHoro 67 './, rs i ='i Pnc.4.l.KorrcrpyxuuqqepBflqHofopeAyKTopa,peKoMeHAyeMafAJI'cepaftrtoronpol,t3BoAcTBa. l * -69 4{ # Puc.4.2'KoHcrpyxquqqepBcqHofopeAyKTopa,peKoMeHAyeMagAJ]'ceplliiuoronpoH3B0ACTBa. 70 A- A 7l h") g peKoMeHAyeMatAnfi uelrocepnftHoro puc.4.3. KoncrpyrcUtltl qepBtlqrlofo peAyK'ropa' 72 flpou3BoAcrBa' 73 A --l tB5 _l _ 24 4'' / /':' / /'/ --.r__,--atatta' .,n'-' \. 1 2e I ..., ,rl \\ \\ \\ . l t 1t * 5 1 - t30 l I I I ?? +--- I J J I I 25 l 132 35 4l t4 \42 19 J7 46 J--_i_,=.- 58 i 4J I I T- ,n I l t8 d I _l.- t2 t 1 IB t3 t9 280 J A AJlfiuelroceplliiHofo puc.4.4.KoHcrpynUur qepBt{r{HoropeAyKropa,peKoMeHjlyeMafl 74 flpolt3BoAcrBa' I 20 ' R 26 v J2 20 JO -l 39 7 . l z 23 +---\-- Ypo6exo t6 22 l l 165 t) .l 1 7 I \rg 7 --l /Jl r- lr r l r J 22 t z4 JA Pr,rc.4.5' KoHcrpyrqn' peKoMeHAyeMa'I An' eAnHl,{I{Horonpot,l3Bo.il'cTBa. qepBgqHorope.qyKTopa, 76 t7 t9 I .-t.. A 77 + i++ Puc,.4.6.KoHcrpyrr1n'IqepBfiqHofopeAyKTopa'peKoMeHAyeMa'An'uelroceptlii}{ofonpoI,I3BoAcTBa. 78 npedo1auun fexuu,lerrue f. finnuoK0Hn0Kn0 sgfue7nodnuue60t/0% u no1uronesgda70t/0% nl/ruluHbt nporlndornos /9 u nepecnauo1roi npoxndor odecnevunt noddopon not 20 .1 0 nodwunuurax dtrnpoxoduozo 1anapedgrnopa /. [gnnapuui oce1oiJ0J0p nuxoxoduozo harupedqrnopa 006 007nn 005 006unu 0 nodwunuurax nz/luluHbl npornador odecne,/unt 3arL/ennoddopo nos /8,20. pedgrnopo dolxuunpo1opavu1antcfr des 0npgrunna1uq J. Bnnacodpauuozo pu1ro1u nedouui ua2/3 uxodtenaJlnl/rHunb n/latnuqHblt"l zuesd 4. flonocnu nodwunuuro1ux t"/0np0u0/r0t"t' //unon-Z4" l-0{ f 2 / /50-B7 cflaJ0L/Hb//"/ i/-[-A-46" l-1tf 20799-BB 5. Bpedqrnop3ltlunb25 l narna "i/ndqrnpuaniuoe l - ^ - r^^^-^^^,,, ,^ ^^A^^,, / aJ. LUl l/Jnau11blr ilUUtriJAnULtltu AUPU/LU u n/JbtUJAU /tPU U^Un1&tltr/tDnuu LUU/JAtr pedgrnopa r/lnevzepllpnuKl"9f-J4"[1tf 24285-80 nlKpb/nb nnHKUt"l FV ^ rHnzpg3KU /. /e0gK/r10p00K0n0nbH0 cneH1e0 n?LleHuu/ q0r0 H0 1cexpPXU/"/0x l1/tfl npous1odrn1al cepuiuozo u nacco1ozo O t1 o 1 / o , - ..... ..----e --)--. --- .,.. .. )- I o. DblflUnEHHbtE HEtluLIiluiliKUilluublaeHHbluagn, Hulyeu uuuiiteru1ue LfiurKu u ulJt gcnp0HUnb plJ 0 3 zodl, uflu L/epH5000 9. [uaso'luui l"tlnepul/l JlwpHnnbHeppxp LleM qaro1padonw /0. * - pasnepu dnnrnpa1or. ' xopoKnepucnuKo TexuuLtPCKor L/uc//o pedgrnopa u = 25 f. tlepedanoLlHne uanuxoxoduon 1angT, = 626 Hu /"/lt'/pHn 1pautaputui 2. Honugantuui ' frartanu = /410t"luH dtrnpoxoduom J L/ocnona ,4pnt4euun 1 , , / n - / - ,-Q a--^ A^^2, ,,^ .:f--^^. g'tuLt//Kuuuu/tu upHugtllilulJuf1Euu/ttt +. ruuuu/lbHuH HuzlJgJKuKUHLU//bHblx - ilrnpoxoduozo 500H; - nuxoxoduozo 2000ll - nono1uua /'/ernl dttuuu nocadoquozo rouroltuoiHlzpg3KU npunlxeHufr 5. thteqo / 6 Kl7[pedgrnopa 0 = 0,95 - rnoroiuandet monqroA Helez,u/tnpHafr. uepe1epru1uan 7 Hazpgsrn /q1QUK H1ZptlSKU u nexHu'lerroi npedo1auui nexHUqecKUX 0Q0pt"t//EHUn Pur.4 7.lTpunep Llepnlxl pedgrnopa KlHULlecKnzl dnnrdopovuozo xlplKnepucnuKu qepBqtlHofo peAyKTopa,peKoMeHAyeMatA"lq cepnftuoro ilpol'I3BoAcrBa' PraC.4.8.KoncrpyrUrat 8l Prac.4.9, Koucrpyxurlfi 4lr ceplli,ittoto npol{3BoAcTBa. qepBfqHofo peAyKTopa,peKoMe}{AyeMag 82 I I l' 83 a n{ o: g. rlpoH3BoAcrBa peKoMeHAyeMaa AJISMenKocepnitHofo Puc.4.10. KoucrpyKuHt qepBtqHoropeAyKropa' #H E a s' *l a h t\116 \l,e a v e 85 -@ ig st c! cJ ; 5 > € $ $ q * $ Pr.rc.4.11. KoHcrpynUlttl AJISMeflKocepufiuororpoH3BoAcrBa' qepBfqHOropeAyKropa,peKoMeHAyeMar Iexuu,lecrue npedo1auun /' frnnuoK0Hn0Kn0 HP/"/eHee 75%on-wpuHb/ u futronttsgfue|vepunvuozo K0//pc0 odernequru nepernauofrroi npornador nos lBnuxoxodnin fuom 2 tgnnapuui ocefuoi sosop n iodwunnur_ox ilrnpoxoduozo pedgrnopo Lona 005 c06nvu 0 nodwunuurax nuxoxoduozo fuaha pedgrnopa O,bii,os* odecne'/unn 30cllennoddopa nlnutuHb/ npor,ado? nos tz u 3 Banucodpauuozo pedgrnopo donxuu npofuopavufuantcfl 0npgKU nnayuq detpufrro; u eaedauui /r. fronocnu nodwunuurofuax zuesd ua2r/JuxodteuoJunu/lHunb n//0cnuwb//,/ -'ul4A r/"/ffi]qHbt"/ /"/0nepu0n0/"/ il4Y-20/'t1tr glrlJ-fl7 5- BpeigxrTilp 3lriuiiib55 n iiftcri| iindgmpuarranoe ii-t -i-220" [Lir i7,i7g,i-87 6 [onpnaentenofuelxuornu K00ngc0 u KublaKU n4uuKuHr/mnenbuoi rdopre ''gr-34" n7Kpamb n7HKU/"| C/70e/"/ zeptwnuKT r0[r zlzas_ao _pedgrcnopo /. odKnnant ,qarneHdenc /0 /5nuuuafursxpexunaxmzpgsru{d,,tn l:!ar'_*!i u cepuulJnal nacro1ozo npous1odcn1a/ 8 3,an0/tJlt,sE f/eccrngnru/nc0uue/1,:/ui wgr,ruzpeQng7nergHue o1gJKU u dr/ atnp0HUmb 9 [nasoquuif"lonepuon Jal,lpHlnb HepexeL/eM pzr fr j zodgu/tulppn i000 ,/aco1 padonu. * /0 * pasnepu dnncnpafuor. / rrepedano,Hoe vuc/lo [ffi;;'J;*'**'*'* 2. Houdotttwui fupoutantaui tllrleHnuanuxoxodusu fuong I, =2842Hn 3 larnonafupauteuun dornpoxoduozo frana nu= 970rrr-' 4 f/srcuna,'ltuan dongcraenan paduatuuan HuzpguKr K0/tr0//bHb/x gvncnro7 0a100 ducnpoxoduozo 6000H nuxoxoduozo 5000H 5t nttevo - ns/lofuuua npu/lTxeHul roucotttuou HuzpgJKU dttuuu nocado,luozo /,/ern,. = 5 Kf7[pedgrnopa 17 0,79 * 7 Hazpgsracnoroiuan desnon,/roa uepefueprufuuafl, Hepeza/lflpHufr [psQur ,LlszpgJKU Puc4 /2 //punep oQopntteuun nexHULlecKUX npedo1auui u nexuu,lecroi Llepnex7vep1nvuozo x1p1KnepucnuKu dtn rdopoLlHl17 pedgrnopa 87 ru illllh peKoMeHAyeMatr peAyK'ropa, Ant cepuiluoronpoH3BoAcrBa. Pue.4.13. Koucrpyrrlnflr{epBxqHoro 88 89 :t $1 ill : \ l r - nl b c\l rf) 3l*lr - - Tt I 1 1 ro I *rl t 6 * 1l 3 , .}i| orl ! Ni \---\ I --\ Hl h l q. I q. ;1 \l Nl t l N i i)l st I N a] li Rl * , Z I I 092 Pnc.4.14.Koucrpyrcr1nflqepB'{qHofopeAyKTopa'peKoMeHAyeMagAnflilrelxoceptliiHoroflpoH3BoAc.rBa, \ Nt-\l : l p l bi rrl :rc]eiB \E 91 \ ( I .< l t:a I la puc. 4. 15. 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