Viktor Chistokhvalov

COUNCIL OF EUROPE
Directorate of School, Out-Of-School And Higher Education, Higher Education and Research
Division
and
PEOPLES’ FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
MAKING THE EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION AREA A
REALITY: THE ROLE OF STUDENTS
Victor Chistokhvalov
Centre for Comparative and International
Education
Bologna Declaration, June 1999
• Prague Communique, 19-21 May 2001:
…”students are full members of the higher education
community”
…”as competent, active and constructive partners”
in the establishment of a European Higher
Education Area”
• Berlin Communique, 19-20 September 2003:
…”students are full partners in HE governance”
Bologna Declaration, June 1999
• Bergen, Norway, 19-20 May 2005:
…”students should have appropriate studying and
living conditions< so that they can complete their
studies within an appropriate period of time
without of obstacles related to their social and
economic background”
• London Communique, May 2007:
…”???”
2003 Public Expenditure on Education in
Russia, OECD-countries ( % to GNP)
7,6
8
7,5
7
5,9
6
5,4
4,7
% to GNP
5
4,7
3,7
4
2,9
3
3,1
2
1
Countries
01
us
si
a20
02
R
us
si
a20
03
R
us
si
a20
an
y
R
G
er
m
U
K
U
SA
Fr
a
nc
e
n
ed
e
Sw
N
or
w
ay
0
Number of HE Institutions
Total
Private
1200
1000
800
Number
600
400
200
0
1993 1994
1995 1996
1997 1998
1999 2000
2001 2004
Years
Р2
Р1
Total
Private
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2004
Ряд1
548
553
569
573
578
585
595
607
621
654
Ряд2
548
710
759
817
880
914
944
951
1006
1046
Number of Students in HEIs,
including on budgetary bases
10000
9000
8000
Thousand
7000
6455,7
6000
5426,9
4741,4
5000
4000
2790,7
3000
2000
1000
2427
2802
2842
2974
2001
2002
2004
0
1996
Years
Number of Contract Students in
Public and Private HEIs
2500
2308,9
1954,6
Thousand
2000
1468,8
1500
1000
860
629,5
470,6
500
228,6
135,5
0
1996
2001
2002
Years
2004
(I) Structure of Students in HEI
1996
S
8,2
4,9
86,9
Public Institutions: budgetary bases
Public Institutions: contract bases
Private Institutions
(II) Struture of Students in HEI
2004
S
13,3
46,1
40,6
Public Institutions: budgetary bases
Public Institutions: contract bases
Private Institutions
Distribution of Students' number, %
1999 - inside; 2004 - outside
21,8
47
51,8
79,2
budgetary bases
contract bases
Students Enrolment
1999 - inside; 2004 - outside
34,6
55,9
65,4
budgetary bases
contract bases
Graduates
1999 - inside; 2004 - outside
13,2
39,5
59,2
86,8
budgetary bases
contract bases
LAGISLATION at the national
level:
• Constitution of the RF
• Low “On Education”
• Low “On Higher and Post-graduate
Vocational Education” (article 16):
“…Students have right to take part in
discussions and solution of the most
important items of the HEI’s, including
through public organizations and HEI
governmental bodies”
LAGAL MECHANISMS at a HEI
level:
3 levels:
Institutional
Faculty
Department
• The Statute fixes the student participation in
educational process.
• Creation and functioning of political student
organization in the Russian HEIs is banned.
STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS:
• Student self-management in HEIs
• Draft of the Low “On the
development of student selfmanagement in the RF” is prepared
(I) PRACTICE of STUDENTS
PARTICIPATION in HE MENAGEMENT:
• Federal Law “On Public Association”:
- students
- native
councils of higher schools and faculties;
associations and unions for foreign students;
- student centers and clubs by interest;
- associations of foreign students by the regional
principle (students from Africa, Asia, Latin America,
Southeast Asia, Middle East etc.);
-…
International trends surrounding
Bologna
• Internationalisation of HEIs
• Privatisation of the HE
system
• HEIs’ commercial activities
• Selling research
• Introduction of various fees
for students
Number of foreign students in some
countries, (in thousands)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
USA
UK
Germany
France
Australia
Japan
Russia
Распределение иностранных
студентов в вузах по странам,
2003
г. (1)
Страна обучения
Количество
% иностранных
иностранных
студентов
студентов от общей:
Числ-ти
Регистрации
за рубежом в стране
США
593 600 (*)
28,0
3,7
Великобритания
254 400
12,0
11,6
Германия
233 200
11,0
10,5
Франция
212 000
10,0
10,2
Австралия
190 800
9,0
18,5
Япония
84 800
4,0
1,9
Россия
63 600
3,0
0,9
ВСЕГО:
2 120 000 чел.
Распределение иностранных
студентов в вузах США по регионам,
2003 г. (2)
(*)Примечание:
Африка
Азия
Европа
– 34 217 чел.
– 302 058 чел.
– 80 584 чел.
20
18
18.5
16
14
12
11.6
10.5
10
10.2
2003
1998
8
6
3.7
4
2
0.9
0
Австлия
UK
Герм.
Фр.
США
РФ
% иностранных студентов в
ВО
РФ
– 3%
Австралия
– 9%
Франция
- 10%
США -28%
UK – 12%
Германия
– 11%
Иностранные научные
сотрудники в университетах
США, 2003/04
РФ
-2400
UK
-3700
Германия
-4700
Китай
-14870
США
-82905
Германия
-4700
Корея
-7290
Индия
-6800
Япония
- 5600
Students positions towards the
Bologna process objectives (I)
• Quality Assurance
the lack of common definition of
accreditation, its aims
European Register of QA agencies
(E4, public-private…)
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Rus
Ger
Fr
Stage of development
Key elements
Participation of
students
International cooperation
Total
Students positions towards the
Bologna process objectives (II):
• Degree Structure: Adoption of a
system of two main cycles
Employability of the graduates (1-st
cycle degree)
10% students of the RF study on 2 levels system
TWO – CYCLE DEGREE SYSTEM
Rus Ger Fr
Stage of development
Student enrollment
Access from 1st
cycle to 2nd
Total
Students positions towards the
Bologna process objectives (III):
• Promotion of Mobility
- For students, academic staff, administrative
personal, researcher)
Obstacles: administrative, financial,
linguistic, cultural…
Visa regimes
Implementation of recognition procedures
Social dimensions for mobile students,
etc.
Students positions towards the
Bologna process objectives (IV):
• Establishment of a system of credits
What’s the system (ECTS, CATS,
USA…)?
Workload (25-30-36-40 hours per a
credit)?
Accumulation, Transferable ???
Students positions towards the
Bologna process objectives (V):
• Recognition of Degrees: adoption of a
system of easily comparable degrees
Diploma Supplement (automatically, free
of charge)
Lisbon Recognition Convention
(ratification)
RECOGNITION OF DEGREES AND
PERIODS OF STUDY
Rus
Stage of development
Diploma Suppl.
Ratification of Lisbon
Conv.
Stage of
implementation of
ECTS
Total
Ger
Fr
Key indicators basic for stocktaking:
• Application process, admission rules (fair,
open, transparent, clear communicated)
• Tution fees, grants, loans
• Special arrangements for specific groups
(disabled students, students with children)
• Social services (health care, access to library
facilities and ICT, subsides housing, study
and living conditions)
Thanks for attention!
Victor Chistokhvalov, +7(495) 4343244
chvn@pfu.edu.ru