William Shakespeare. His Life and Works

His Life and Works
Руководитель проекта:
Карзанова Анжелика Петровна,
заместитель директора ГУ «Централизованная
система детских библиотек»
Автор: Бич Станислав,
ученик 8 класса, Гимназия №12 г. Минска
Actor, poet, playwright
(драматург)
Wrote 37 plays
Wrote over 150 sonnets
 William Shakespeare was
born in Stratford-uponAvon. It is a very
interesting town in the
central part of England.
Around Stratford there
are beautiful forests,
green fields (поля) and a
little river – Avon.
William was born on
April,23, 1564. His mother,
Mary Arden, was a
daughter of a farmer. His
father, John, was a glover
(перчаточник) who had
an office in Stratford.
Shakespeare was the 3rd of
8 children
The house where
Shakespeare was
born
The backyard (задний двор) of the house
The small room where Shakespeare was born
John Shakespeare’s workroom (рабочая комната)
1571 – Shakespeare probably (вероятно) began
attending (начал посещать) the King's New
School, a grammar school of good quality in
Stratford
By modern standards (по современным меркам) school would have
been routine and dull (скучной).
Students spent 9 hours a day at school.
Pupils studied all year round, except (кроме) for 3 brief holidays
(короткие праздники).
Studies were mainly (в основном) in Latin.
Latin was at the heart of
the curriculum (учебный
план) and the method of
learning was to memorise
long passages (отрывки) of
Latin prose and poetry.
William would also have
been drilled
(практиковался) in
grammar, logic, rhetoric,
arithmetic and astronomy.
Music was also on
the curriculum.
When he was fourteen Shakespeare’s father somehow
(как-то) fell from favour (впал в немилость) and his sons
had to leave school. We lose track (потеряли след) of
William at this point (момент) and don’t see him again
until his wedding day (свадьба). We can be sure that he
didn’t just sit around doing nothing, though (хотя): he
would have had to work, particularly (особенно) as his
father was having difficulty in supporting (трудности в
поддержке) the family. We don’t know what he did,
although his plays show a great deal (много) of knowledge
about Elizabethan common occupations such as cobbling
(починка обуви), baking (выпечка), farming (сельское
хозяйство) and so on.
1582 – Shakespeare
married Anne
Hathaway – he was 18,
she was 26. She gave
birth (родить) to a
daughter the next year
1585 - Judith and
Hamnet, twins
(близнецы), are born
Family photo (reconstruction)
1585
Shakespeare goes
to London and starts
his theatrical career.
 There is a story that Shakespeare’s first work in London was
holding (присмотр) a rich men’s horses at the theatre door. But
nobody (никто) can say whether this story is true. Later
Shakespeare became an actor and a member of one of the big
acting companies. Soon he began to write plays for this company
and in a few years became a well-known author.
1592 – First evidence
(доказательства) that
Shakespeare had moved to
London and was working in
the theater
1592-1594 – outbreak of
plague (вспышка чумы)
closed the London theaters,
so…..
Shakespeare began to write
poetry
Became well known for a 14
line poem called a sonnet
 The theater in the days
of Shakespeare didn’t
look like our modern
(современный)
theatres. It was a high
round building
(высокое круглое
здание) without any
roof (крыша) except
over the stage (сцена).
In winter the theatres
were closed.
 The actors were often
partners (партнёры)
in the theatre
business. Shakespeare
was one of the
partners in the theatre
where he acted
(действовать) and for
which he wrote his
dramas. It was the
famous Globe.
1594 – Shakespeare was part of a group that founded
(основать) the company of players (игроки) called
Lord Chamberlain's Men (later called the King's
Men (королевская рать))
Lord Chamberlain's Men was a very successful
(успешный) company of players (actors) – by the
turn of the century (рубеж века), they had the:
best actor, Richard Burbage
best theater, The Globe
best playwright, W. Shakespeare
The Globe Theatre:
• Open ceiling
(открытый
потолок)
• Three stories high
(три этажа)
• No artificial
lighting
(искусственное
освещение)
• Plays were shown
during daylight
hours only
 Wealthy (богатые) people
got to sit on benches
(скамейки)
 The poor (бедняки)
(called “groundlings”
(невзыскательный
зритель)) had to stand
and watch from the
courtyard (внутренний
двор)
 There was much more
(намного больше)
audience participation
than today
Types of Plays
 Only men and boys
 Young boys whose
voices had not
changed played the
women’s roles
 It would have been
indecent
(неприлично) for a
woman to appear
(появляться) on
stage
 Acting (актер) was
not considered
(подходящей) a
respectable
profession by the
English Puritans
•Shakespeare wrote:
•Comedies - light and amusing
(забавный), usually with a
happy ending
•Tragedies –serious dramas with
disastrous (гибельный) endings
•Histories – involve events or
persons from history
 W. Shakespeare knew the
stage and that helped him to
write the most wonderful plays
ever written. Shakespeare
wrote 37 plays. Among them
are tragedies such as Hamlet,
King Lear, Othello, Macbeth,
comedies such as All’s Well
that Ends Well, the Twelfth
Night, Much Ado About
Nothing, historical dramas
such as Henry IV, Richard III.
Shakespeare’s signatures
 William Shakespeare died in
Stratford on 23 April 1616. In
Stratford there is a church where
Shakespeare was buried
(похоронен). It is Holy Trinity
Church (Церковь Святой
Троицы)
On the stone of Shakespeare’s
grave are the lines written by
Shakespeare himself.
«Добрый человек, ради Господа Бога не
тревожь прах, покоящийся здесь, ибо он
благословен и оберегаем этими камнями. И
проклят будет тот, кто прикоснется к
мощаМосква»
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Спасибо за внимание!