Косвенная речь и согласование времен

Косвенная речь и
согласование времён
Reported Speech and Sequence of Tenses
Reported Speech and Direct Speech
 Когда рассказчик передает речь другого человека
словами самого этого человека, без изменений,
дословно – это прямая речь (Direct Speech). Когда
же он излагает чужую речь своими словами, то это
косвенная речь (Reported Speech). Чужая речь при
этом немного изменяется.
Reported Speech and Direct Speech
 Direct Speech:
Tom said “I am feeling ill”.
 Reported Speech:
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
При переводе из прямой речи в
косвенную нужно:
 Изменить личные и притяжательные местоимения.
 Изменить форму глагола-сказуемого в
придаточном предложении, соблюдая правило
согласования времён (если сказуемое главного
предложения имеет форму прошедшего времени)
Изменение времени глагола в
косвенной речи
Прямая речь
Косвенная речь
write
wrote
will write
is writing
was writing
wrote
had written
would write
was writing
was writing/
had been writing
had written
had written
had been writing
have written
had written
have been writing
Изменение времени глагола в косвенной
речи
Прямая речь
Present Simple
Present Progressive
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive
Косвенная речь
Past Simple
Past Progressive
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Simple
Past Perfect
Past Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future-in-the-Past
Лексические изменения при переводе
прямой речи в косвенную
here
there
this/that
these/those
today
that day
ago
before
now
tomorrow
then
The next day
yesterday
the day before
last night
the previous night
Verbs to say/to tell
to say – сказать
 Sasha said: ”I am from Russia”.
 Sasha said to Mike: ”I am from Russia”.
to tell – сообщать, рассказывать
 Sasha told Mike that he was from Russia.
Перевод утверждений (statements) в
косвенную речь
Direct Speech:
 Tom says to Sasha :”You are a good sportsman now”.
Reported Speech:
 Tom said that Sasha was a good sportsman then.
Перевод вопросов (questions) в
косвенную речь
Общие (General):
 Sasha asked: ”Do you like Atlanta?”
He asked me if (whether) I liked Atlanta.
Специальные (Special)
 He asked: ”When shall we meet tomorrow”.
He asked when we should meet the next day.
Reported Speech
Приказания, команды, просьбы
(Orders, commands, requests)
 Sasha said to me :”Give me your telephone number”
He asked me to give him my phone number.
Change the following sentences into Indirect
Speech
1.
2.
3.
4.
Jimmy said, “My brother is learning to drive”.
Nick said, “I come home by tram every day”.
Bob said, “My uncle has just arrived from Paris”.
The teacher told the students, “I haven’t read
you papers yet”.
5. Mary said, “I don’t want to wear my old dress”.
Change the following sentences into
Direct Speech
1. The farmer said that he hadn’t grown any wheat
since 1975.
2. My sister said that she hadn’t got a watch.
3. She said that her children were playing in the
garden.
4. I told him that I hadn’t seen his brother for a
long time.
5. The teacher told his students that he was going
to give them a test.
Change the following sentences into
Direct Speech
1.
2.
3.
4.
Peter asked:”Who has taken my book?”
I asked my mother: “What did the teacher say?”
He asked Roger: “When do you usually get up?”
I asked the gardener: “What are you planting
here this year?”
5. The policeman asked: “Who left this car here?”
Change the following sentences into
Direct Speech
1. He asked his friend: “Do you like the wine?”
2. I asked my sister: “Did you leave the book at
home?”
3. He asked his wife: “Is the baby asleep?”
4. I asked the old gentleman: “Are you feeling
tired?”
5. I asked Frank: “Did you buy a new car?”