философия, социология и культурология philosophy sociology

ФИЛОСОФИЯ, СОЦИОЛОГИЯ И КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ
PHILOSOPHY SOCIOLOGY AND CULTURAL
Ɇɚɥɢɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ. ȼ.
A. V. Malikova
ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɂ ɍɋɅɈȼɂə ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɐȿɇɇɈɋɌȿɃ
ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɕ ɋɌȺɊɈɈȻɊəȾɐȿȼ ɏȺȻȺɊɈȼɋɄɈȽɈ ɄɊȺə
CAUSES AND CONDITIONS CULTURAL VALUES OLD BELIEVERS
KHABAROVSK TERRITORY
Ɇɚɥɢɤɨɜɚ Ⱥɧɧɚ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɧɚ – ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ (Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ); 681013, ɝ. Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ, ɩɪ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, 27.
E-mail: malikova.av@mail.ru.
Malikova Anna Viktorovna – PhD candidate of Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University (Russia,
Komsomolsk-on-Amur); 681013, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 27, Lenin avenue. E-mail: malikova.av@mail.ru.
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɪɚɫɤɨɥɚ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɧɚ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɢɣ
ȼɨɫɬɨɤ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ.
Summary.History of the formation of values of the culture covers a wide range of issues related to the history of the split, the causes and conditions of migration of Old Believers in the Far East, various strategies to
adapt them.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɵ, ɞɪɟɜɥɟɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɟ, ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ.
Keywords: values, Old Believers, drevlepravoslavie, religious tradition.
ɍȾɄ 002.2:27
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤ ɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɛɵɬɢɹ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɐɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɞɟɚɥ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɂ.ɂ. Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɞɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ: ɪɟɥɢɝɢɸ ɢ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɸ. «Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɢɯɢɸ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɛɵɬɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ» [1, 86]. ɋ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɤɚɧɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ.
Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɫɬɜɨ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ
ɱɢɫɥɭ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XIX ɜ. – ɩɟɪɜɨɣ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ ɏɏ ɜ. ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɡɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɣ.
Ʉɚɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɏVII ɜ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɏVII ɜ. – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɢɡɦɨɦ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɟɣ
«Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ Ɋɢɦ», ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɮɨɪɦ ɧɚɞ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ,
Материал поступил 28.03.13
56
Маликова А. В.
ПРИЧИНЫ И УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ СТАРООБРЯДЦЕВ
ХАБАРОВСКОГО КРАЯ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ, ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
ɏVII ɜ. ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɤɚɤ «ɩɪɨɡɚɩɚɞɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ», ɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɵɟ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɨ ɱɭɠɞɵɟ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ
ɨɛɪɟɱɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɥ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ, ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɥɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɢ
ɏVII ɜ. ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɭɸɳɢɯ, ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɲɢɯ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚ ɇɢɤɨɧɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ
«ɞɪɟɜɥɟɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ». ɉɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɜɟɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ «ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɭɟɬ» ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɨɝɨ, ɞɨɪɟɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – «ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɟɞɧɨɝɨ» ɜɟɪɭ, ɫɜɹɬɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɚɜɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ.
[4, 80].
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɜɟɪɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɜɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɢɫɯɨɞ ɫ ɨɛɠɢɬɵɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɧɵɟ
ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɧɚ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɤ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ
ɢɫɤɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɡɟɦɥɹ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɜɲɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɢɫɫɢɢ – ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɪɟɜɥɟɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ. ɐɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɥɟɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɬɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɞɭɲɢ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɟɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ. ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɞɭɲɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɜɟɪɟ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɜɟɪɭ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ. ȼ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɦɢɪ ɨɛɪɚɡ Ȼɨɠɢɣ, ɢ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɹɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɧɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɥɚ Ȼɨɝɚ. ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɞɟɟ «ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɹ» ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɹɞɪɨɦ
ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ.
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɡɦɨɦ. ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ «ɫɜɨɟ-ɱɭɠɨɟ» ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɑɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɠɢɡɧɢ ɭ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɡɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɡɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ
ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ «ɫɜɨɟ-ɱɭɠɨɟ» ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ, ɨɬɨɪɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ
ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ,
ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ «ɫɜɨɟ-ɱɭɠɨɟ». Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɭɛɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ; ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɪɭɬɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ «ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɸ» ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ; ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɪɚɤɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɛɳɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɢɡɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɳɢɧɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɥɤɚ.
ȼ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɷɫɯɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɟɫɚɤɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɪɚ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɜɟɪɵ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɧɬɢɯɪɢɫɬɭ ɨ ɱɟɦ, ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ57
ɜɚɥɨ ɭɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɤɨɧɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ɗɫɯɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ
ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɟɪɵ, ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɢɯɪɢɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɭɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɬɜ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ȿ.ȿ. Ⱦɭɬɱɚɤ, ɷɫɯɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɚ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɭɳɟɣ ɢɡɜɧɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɢɡ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɇɚɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹ
ɢɞɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɜɧɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɫɟɥɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ, ɞɚɜɚɥɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɫɢɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ [2, 306-307].
Ɉɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɢɹ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɨɪɭɠɢɢ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɨ ɦɟɫɫɢɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ: ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ Ȼɨɝɨɦ – ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɟɪɵ ɨɬɰɨɜ. Ɇɟɫɫɢɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɢɞɟɸ
ɛɨɝɨɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɟ «Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ Ɋɢɦ» – ɛɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɜɨɝɨ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɋɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɵ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɞɟɚɥɚ. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ
«ɪɭɫɫɤɨɫɬɶ», ɬ.ɟ. ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɟɯ ɦɟɫɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢ.
Ɉɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɥɚɫɶ ɭ
ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ. ɗɬɢɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɭ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɠɟɪɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɬɨɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɝɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɚ
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɚɧɬɢɯɪɢɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ
ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɞɪɟɜɥɟɝɨ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɮɟɪ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɪɟɜɥɟɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɯɥɟɛɨɩɚɲɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɱɟɥɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɨɝɨɪɨɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ, ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɟɧɚ, ɫɛɨɪ ɞɢɤɨɪɨɫɨɜ, ɨɯɨɬɚ, ɪɵɛɨɥɨɜɫɬɜɨ, ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɟɥ).
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɜɟɪɵ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɳɟɦɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ: ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ ɥɢɲɚɥɚ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ
ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜɫɬɚɜɲɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɧɢɤɨɧɢɚɧ, ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɍɪɭɞ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɲɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɧɚ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɤ, ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɸ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ. Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ, ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɫɬɜɨ (ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ), ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɢɤɨɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɭ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ-ɛɟɫɩɨɩɨɜɰɟɜ ɫ ɨɫɤɜɟɪɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɟɪɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢ58
Маликова А. В.
ПРИЧИНЫ И УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ СТАРООБРЯДЦЕВ
ХАБАРОВСКОГО КРАЯ
ɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɫ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ, ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ, ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɹɦɢ.
ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ (ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɫɬɜɚ)
ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɵ-ɛɟɫɩɨɩɨɜɰɵ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɢ ɞɭɲɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɤɢɪɢɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ Ʉɧɢɝɟ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɫɬɜɨ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ
ȿ.ȿ. Ⱦɭɬɱɚɤ, ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɵ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɤ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ
ɞɚɜɚɥɨ ɢɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɵɦ [2, 309-310].
ɇɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɛɵɥɨ ɝɥɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ. ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɢɧɚ. Ɉɛɳɢɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɂ.ȼ. ɉɨɡɞɟɟɜɚ, «ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɫɢɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɢɪɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ, ɜɫɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɨɛɪɟɤɥɢ
ɫɟɛɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɵ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ»
[3, 9].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ: ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɹ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɹ, ɨɛɨɫɬɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɰɟɜ ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ
1. Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜ, ɂ. ɂ. ɐɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ /
ɂ. ɂ. Ⱦɨɤɭɱɚɟɜ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2009. – 595 ɫ.
2. Ⱦɭɬɱɚɤ, ȿ. ȿ. ɂɡ «ȼɚɜɢɥɨɧɚ» ɜ «Ȼɟɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ»: ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɢɧ ɫɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɨɜ-ɫɬɪɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ (ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ XIX ɧɚɱɚɥɨ XXI ɜ.) / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ. ȼ. Ʉɟɪɨɜɚ. – Ɍɨɦɫɤ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ
Ɍɨɦ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2007. 414 ɫ.
3. ɉɨɡɞɟɟɜɚ, ɂ. ȼ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɨɛɪɹɞɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɏɏ ɜ. / ɂ. ȼ. ɉɨɡɞɟɟɜɚ // Ⱥɥɬɚɪɶ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. –
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ʉɚɦɟɧɶ, 1997.
4. ɑɟɛɚɧɸɤ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ «ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ» ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɤɨɧɰɚ XVII ɩɟɪɜɨɣ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ XIX ɜɟɤɚ: ɦɨɧɨɝɪ. / Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɑɟɛɚɧɸɤ. – 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ. ɢ ɞɨɩ. – ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ: Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ, 2007. – 382 ɫ.
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