III. Будущий спрос на транспорт

III. Ȼɭɞɭɳɢɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 8
ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ
8.1
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
8.1.1
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 1 731 355.
Ɉɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ: ɩɟɪɜɵɣ - “ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ,, ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɚɦɢ”. Ɉɧɚ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɱɟɦ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪ.
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 1 375 390. ɑɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
Ȼɢɧɚɝɚɞɢ, ɋɚɛɭɧɱɢ ɢ Ɂɵɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɛɵɥɢ ɬɨɠɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 119 965 ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ,
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ əȺɆɋ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ 91 000 ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ ɢ 145 000 ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ 1999
ɝɨɞ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ.
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ 11 ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɚɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 1 788 854 ɜ 1999 ɝɨɞɭ.
Ⱦɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɚ ɱɢɫɬɨ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɟ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ Ɉɬɱɟɬɟ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɝ. Ȼɚɤɭ ɢ
ɩɨɫɟɥɤɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ 8.1.1. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ 1999 ɝɨɞɭ, ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 1,08
ɦɥɧ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ 704000 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ 57 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ,
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ (1999 ɝɨɞ) ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 69082 (Ƚɚɪɚɱɭɯɭɪ) ɞɨ 543 (ɒɨɧɝɚɪ).
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɬ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ Ȼɚɤɭ.
ɗɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɢɥɢ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚ-ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɚɤɭ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɬɱɟɬɚɦ ɨɧɢ
ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ "ɩɨɫɟɥɤɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ". ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɩɨɫɟɥɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɩɨɫɟɥɤɢ Ɋɚɫɭɥɡɚɞɟ ɢ Ȼɚɥɚɞɠɚɪɵ ɜ Ȼɢɧɚɝɚɞɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ; ɩɨɫ. Ȼɚɤɢɯɚɧɨɜ,
ɋɚɛɭɧɱɢ ɢ Ɋɚɦɚɧɵ ɜ ɋɚɛɭɧɱɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ; ɩɨɫ. Ȼɸɥɶɛɸɥɢ, Ⱥɦɢɪɚɞɠɚɧɵ ɢ Ʉɚɪɚɱɭɯɭɪ ɜ
ɋɭɪɚɯɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 290 882
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ 1999 ɝɨɞɭ.
8-1
Ⱥɡɢɡɛɟɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɚɤɭ. Ʉɚɪɚɞɚɝɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ, ɧɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 2000 ɝɚ), ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɤ
ɋɚɛɚɢɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ əɫɚɦɚɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦ, ɩɨ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɉɥɚɧɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɤɚɤ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɹɬɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɢ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ
ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ Ȼɚɤɭ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 1 375 390 ɜ 1999
ɝɨɞɭ. Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɬ Ȼɚɤɭ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɢ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵ. ɗɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ (414 000 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ) ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ Ȼɢɧɚɝɚɞɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ⱥɛɲɟɪɨɧɚ; ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ Ɂɚɛɪɚɬ – Ɇɚɲɬɚɝɚ – Ȼɢɥɶɝɹɯ; ɜ
Ⱥɡɢɡɛɟɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɢ Ʉɚɪɚɞɚɝɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.1.1 ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɢ
ɩɨɫɟɥɤɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (1999 ɝɨɞ).
ȼɫɟɝɨ
Ȼɢɧɚɝɚɞɢ
Ⱥɡɢɡɛɟɤɨɜ
ɏɚɬɚɢ
Ʉɚɪɚɞɚɝ
ɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜ
ɇɚɫɢɦɢ
ɇɢɡɚɦɢ
ɋɚɛɭɧɱɢ
ɋɚɛɚɢɥ
ɋɭɪɚɯɚɧɵ
əɫɚɦɚɥ
ȼɫɟɝɨ ɩɨ Ȼɚɤɭ
209 336
116 481
215 570
94 286
147 944
195 928
159 125
188 619
74 276
165 795
221 494
1 788 854
ɉɨɫɟɥɤɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ
102 202
116 481
7 465
94 286
17 264
188 619
12 234
165 795
704 346
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɨɜ
4
12
1
11
1
10
2
6
57
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ, 1999 ɝɨɞ, ɫɬɪ.26-27
8.1.2
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥɨ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 1% ɢ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ 9801000
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ. ɇɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɢ Ȼɚɤɭ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ.
Ɉɤɨɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ
Ȼɚɤɭ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɛɭɞɭɳɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɪɨɥɶɸ Ȼɚɤɭ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɢ ɞɨɥɟ Ȼɚɤɭ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
8-2
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɩɨ ɝɨɞɚɦ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɜɟɫɶ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɢ ɧɚ Ȼɚɤɭ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɨ 2020 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɡɚ 2020 ɝɨɞ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ 60,2%.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɬɟɦɩ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 1,8% ɜ
ɝɨɞ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 20 ɥɟɬ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɲɥɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 1 549 800 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ
1979 ɝɨɞɭ ɢ 1 788 900 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ 1999 ɝɨɞɭ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.1.2 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ƚɨɞ
1970
1979
1989
1999
2010
2020
ȼɫɟɝɨ
Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟ
ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ
Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟ (%)
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ȼɚɤɭ
5 116,5
6 026,5
7 021,2
7 953,4
8 873,4
9 801,71
2 549,6
3 170,0
3 805,9
4 053,6
4 973,6
5 901,9
2 566,9
2 856,5
3 215,3
3 899,8
3 899,8
3 899,8
50,0
53,0
54,0
51,0
55,8
60,2
1 261,0
1 549,8
1 794,9
1 788,9
2 187,8
2 604,6
(1) ɋɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 1% ɜ ɝɨɞ.
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Ȼɢɪɠɚ Ɍɪɭɞɚ, 1999, Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɫɬɚɬ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɫɬɪ. 14
ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɢɠɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ.
Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 0,77% ɡɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ 20 ɥɟɬ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɠɟ ɞɨɥɸ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɧɚ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɟɫɫɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 1,84 ɦɥɧ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ,
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɸ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɥɢɰ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɢ ɟɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ.
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ, ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ ɧɟ
ɜɟɪɧɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ȼȼɉ.
Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞ.
Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɨɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ
1 495 355
2 177 185
2 413 185
1 495 355
1 495 355
2 020 000
1 843 995
8-3
2 200 000
2 079 000
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ 56%, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɨɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 2 020 000 ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ
ɯɨɞɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60 000 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ (Ƚɥɚɜɚ 9).
8.2
ȼȼɉ ɢ ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ Ⱦɨɯɨɞ
8.2.1
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ȼȼɉ
Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɋɋɋɊ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɫɹ ɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ
ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɜ 1991 ɝɨɞɭ, ɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨ 1995 ɝɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ɋ 1996 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ, ɧɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 1990 ɝɨɞɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.2.1 Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (1990=100,0)
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2000
102,6
61,6
41,8
44,7
52,8
57,3
91,0
51,0
30,0
28,0
30,0
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ
97,9
61,4
46,4
49,3
ɧɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ
100,8
100,3
97,6
99,7
99,9
ȼɚɥɨɜɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ
ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼɵɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɜ 1999 ɝɨɞɭ 23% ɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ 1990 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ
ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.
8-4
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ
ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɨɛɧɚɞɟɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ.
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ,
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɹɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. ɉɪɢ
ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤ. ɋɵɪɶɟ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɥɢ ɨɬ ɜɜɨɡɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ,
ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ. Ʉɪɚɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥ ɤ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɚɦ
ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɯ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ. Ⱦɟɲɟɜɵɟ,
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɥɢ ɛɵɜɲɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɉɨɱɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɷɬɢ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ. ɗɬɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɹɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ. Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ Ȼɚɤɭ. ȼɫɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ ɢ
ɋɭɦɝɚɣɵɬɟ, ɢ ɟɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɦɚɤɪɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ȼɭɞɭɳɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ȼȼɉ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɩɚɦ ɪɨɫɚ ȼȼɉ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɫɛɵɬɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ:
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.2.2 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ (%/ɝɨɞ)
ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ (1999 ɝ.)
ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɨ
ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɸ (1999ɝ.)
Ƚɟɧɩɥɚɧ ɩɨ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
(2000ɝ.)
ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɞɨɪɨɝɢ (2000ɝ.)
ɆȼɎ
ȿȻɊɊ
ȼȼɉ,
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
20112020
8,0
8,0
8,0
8,0
8,0
8,0
8,0
12,6
7,0
6,7
6,7
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2,6
2,0
0,1
2,0
3,6
2,0
17,6
17,0
17,6
17,0
17,6
17,0
5,2
5,2
5,2
5,2
5,2
5,0
7,9
8,6
7,1
6,2
5,0
7,0
7,9
8,0
ɗɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ
ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ.
8-5
ɏɨɬɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ
ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɱɟ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɮɨɪɦ. ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɤɭɩɟ ɫ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ
ɢɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɧɢɠɟ. ȼ ɯɭɞɲɟɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɡɚɫɬɨɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ. ɗɬɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ, Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ
ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ȼȼɉ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɬ
ɫ $619 ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɨ $1996 ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɥɚɪɚɯ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.2.3 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɬɟɦɩɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ ȼȼɉ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɉɟɫɫɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ
8.2.2
(%/ɝɨɞ)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
8,7
8,7
8,7
8,7
8,7
8,7
12,0
8,7
8,7
12,0
8,7
8,7
12,0
8,7
7,0
8,7
2,0
7,0
8,7
2,0
7,0
8,7
2,0
5,0
8,7
2,0
5,0
20112020
8,7
8,7
2,0
2,0
5,0
5,0
2010
ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ
ȼ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɯɨɞɭ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɧɚ
ɩɹɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɉɨ Ȼɚɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ 2000 ɝɨɞ. ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ - “Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ, 2000 ɝ.” – ɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ
ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 66,3 ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.2.4 ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ (ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ ɋɒȺ)
Ȼɚɤɭ
Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɜ $ɋɒȺ
ɜ ɦɚɧɚɬɚɯ
Ɉɛɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ
1996
1997
1998
1999
19,9
85 596
4 301,3
30,0
119 562
3 985,4
34,7
134 160
3 869,0
36,1
148 800
4 120,2
2000
43,8
38,7
173 103
4 475,1
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ
əȺɆɋ, ɛɵɥɢ
ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɯɨɞɭ ɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɫɟɦɟɣ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ 321 000 ɦɚɧ./ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜ 2000
ɝɨɞɭ. ɗɬɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ 71,7 ɞɨɥɥ. ɋɒȺ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɜ 1 ɞɨɥɥ.ɋɒȺ = 4 475,1
ɦɚɧɚɬ. Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɱɢɫɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɯɨɞɭ ɢɡ ȼȼɉ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ.
8-6
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ 2020 ɝɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ, ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ. ɗɬɨ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɫɟɦɶɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ɗɬɨ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɟɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.2.5 ȼȼɉ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ2000 ɝɨɞɭ
$ɋɒȺ (ɜ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɚɯ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ)
ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ
ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ
72
619
232
1 996
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ
ȼȼɉ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
8.3
ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ
ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ. Ɂɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ ɢ Ȼɚɤɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɜɟɡɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟ
ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ Ȼɚɤɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɇɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ
23% ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ. ɗɬɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ 75 ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦ ɧɚ 1000 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɉɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɦɟɣ
(42% ɫɟɦɟɣ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ), ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 20%.
ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 70% ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɦ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ.
ɋɟɦɶɢ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ
ȼɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ
70
60
60
51
52
63
ɧɚ 1000 ɱɟɥ.
ș Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
Ș Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
54
ȗ Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
50
40
65
Ȗ Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
36
35
35
39
41
30
30
ȕ Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ
Ȕ Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
ɩɨ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ
ȓ Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
ɋɟɦɶɢ ɫ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ
Ȓ Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
20
ȑ Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
Ȑ ȌȐ ȅ
10
0-45 45-89 89201
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
201- 447- 670- 1117447 670 1117
-
Ɇɟɫɹɱɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ(US$)
2000
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 8.3.1 ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ
8-7
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ. Ⱦɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ
ɪɨɫɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ – ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢ
ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɶ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚɦ. ɗɬɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬ ɜɜɨɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɫɧɢɡɢɬ ɫɩɪɨɫ
ɧɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ.
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɣ
ɪɨɫɬ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ
8.3.1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɦ, ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɟɣ.
ȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɦɚɲɢɧ. Ⱦɨɯɨɞɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ȼȼɉ.
ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɧɚ 2020 ɝɨɞ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ, ɞɚɧɵ ɜ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ 8.3.1. Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 75 ɧɚ 1000 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ 165 ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ. ȼɤɭɩɟ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɫɹ ɫ 119 080 ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɨ 318 956 ɜ 2020
ɝɨɞɭ.
8-8
8.4
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɚɤɭ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɥɨ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ Ȼɚɤɭ ɜ 1987-1990 ɝɝ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɞɨ 1991 ɝɨɞɚ. ȼ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɉɥɚɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ
1987 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 784 600. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 47%. ɗɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ
ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 844,000 ɜ 1989 ɝɨɞɭ. ɗɬɚ ɰɢɮɪɚ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɢɦ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɦ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ.
ɉɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ ɨɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 694,100 ɜ
1990 ɝɨɞɭ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɣɦɭ, ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɉɥɚɧɭ ɜ 1987 ɝɨɞɭ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ
170,000. Ⱦɟɥɚɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ 1990 ɝɨɞɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ Ȼɚɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 864,000 ɜ 1990 ɝɨɞɭ. ɗɬɚ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɫɯɨɞɧɚ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ,
ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ
ɨɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɫ 694 ɬɵɫ. ɜ 1990 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɨ 403 ɬɵɫ. ɜ 1999 ɝ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɞɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ɋɥɭɠɚɳɢɟ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ ɨɤɥɚɞɨɦ, ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ. ɍɱɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɰɟɜ
ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɧɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.4.1 ɑɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ
1990
1995
1998
185,7
95,3
82,0
55,2
41,0
177,5
65,9
50,7
462
34,8
90,8
43,3
34,5
20,5
26,9
64,5
58,5
58,0
83,3
36,3
86,3
26,6
88,4
18,9
Ʉɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ
3,4
5,1
3,0
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
13,9
12,6
11,2
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
33,5
19,9
7,4
ȼɫɟɝɨ
694,1
584,1
402,9
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ
Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ ɢ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ
Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ
ɇɚɭɤɚ
8-10
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯ Ɋɟɣɫɨɜ (ɂɉɊ) ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɭ Ȼɚɤɭ. ɗɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɚ ɫɨ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɢɠɟ.
ȼ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɬɚɯ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɨɠɢ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ȼɭɞɭɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ Ȼɚɤɭ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɟɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɩɨ
Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɭ. Ɉɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɨɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 62,3%.
ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ ɋɇȽ ɢ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 65 ɞɨ 75% ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ.
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɛɵɥ ɜɡɹɬ ɞɥɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ. ɂɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ 40,5% (%62,3 * 0,65). Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ, ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ 2,4 ɦɥɧ. ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 972,000.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɧɚ 2020 ɝɨɞ ɞɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ɗɬɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɛɵɥɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 1990 ɝɨɞɚ, ɬ.ɟ. 694,100. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɜ 277,900 (ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ 1990 ɝɨɞɚ) ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɦ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 8.4.2 Ɂɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ
ȼɫɟɝɨ
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ
Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ ɢ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ
Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ
ɇɚɭɤɚ
Ʉɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
1990
1998
ɂɉɊ
694,1
185,7
95,3
82,0
55,2
41,0
402,9
90,8
43,3
34,5
20,5
26,9
435 936
63 767
23 840
36 059
55 236
35 247
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ.
(2020 ɝ.)
972 000
185 700
95 000
82 000
226 500
41 000
64,5
58,0
37 789
64 000
83,3
36,3
3,4
13,9
33,5
88,4
18,9
3,0
11,2
7,4
72 860
13 597
9 407
44 547
41 262
100 000
36 000
56 000
44 500
41 300
8-11
Ƚɥɚɜɚ 9
Ȼɭɞɭɳɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ȼ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ Ȼɚɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ
ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ ɤ
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ 20 ɥɟɬ.
9.1
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
9.1.1 Ʉɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ Ȼɚɤɭ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ 20 ɥɟɬ. Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ, ɢ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ. Ʉɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɟɲɤɨɦ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ.
Ʉɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ
ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ ɩɟɲɤɨɦ. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɞɧɹ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ. Ʉɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ, ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ. ɗɬɢ
ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɵ.
9.1.2
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ȼ Ȼɚɤɭ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɋɸɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɫɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ,
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɹɬɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɫɭɛ-ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɬɨɜɵɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
9-1
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɥɢ Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɚɦ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɡɚɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ
ɢɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦ, ɢ ɷɬɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
9.1.3
Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɞɜɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ: ɨɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɬ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ, ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ,
ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɷɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɢɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɟ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ (ɛɚɧɤɢ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ ɢ
ɞɪ.), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɯɨɬɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ.
Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ. ɑɚɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɦɢ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ – ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. ɏɨɬɹ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ,
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ
ɑɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ (ɐȾɑ). ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɶ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ ɫ ɜɟɬɯɢɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ ɨɬ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɗɬɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦ.
9.2
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɨɫɬɭ
ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɞɜɭɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚɦ. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ
ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ
9-2
ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɠɢɥɵɯ
ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɐɟɧɬɪ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɷɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɵ
ɢ ɨɮɢɫɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟɣ. ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɮɢɫɵ ɢ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ
(Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ 1) ɠɢɥɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɫɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜɧɟ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ (Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ II) - ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɠɢɥɶɟ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ.
ɇɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ɋɨɫɬ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ. ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ (ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ) ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ
ɫɭɛ-ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ.
Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ I ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɛɟɡ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ
ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜɫɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ,
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ-ɰɟɧɬɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɧɢɡɹɬ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɨ Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɟ II,
ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. ɇɟɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɪɨɫɬ.
9-3
9.3
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ əȺɆɋ ɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɚɤɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɫɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. ɏɨɬɹ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɨɫɚ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɧɨ,
ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧ.
ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɥɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɜ Ȼɚɤɭ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 80 ɥɟɬ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɟɬɯɢɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ (ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɭ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ
ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ 9.3.1).
ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ 6% ɨɬ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ, ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɋɨɫɬ
Ȼɚɤɭ ɨɬ 500000 ɜ 1950 ɞɨ 1,8 ɦɥɧ. ɜ 1999 ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɥ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ
ɡɟɦɥɢ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ȼɚɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ, ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ "Ȼɚɤɝɢɩɪɨɝɨɪ". ɉɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɦ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1700 ɝɚ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɝɭɫɬɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ, Ȼɚɤɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ
ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ( Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 9.3.2) ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɑɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ
(Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 9.3.3).
ɉɪɢ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɩɨɞ-ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ. ɑɟɬɵɪɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɩɨɞ-ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ 9.3.4. ɉɪɢ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ 2 ɦɥɧ., ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɞ-ɰɟɧɪɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵ,
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ.
ɉɪɢ Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɟ II ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɗɬɨ
ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɟɧ. ɗɬɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ( Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 9.3.5).
9-4
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɟ II, ɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ. ɗɬɚ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɭɸ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ. Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ II.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɐȾɑ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ,
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɚɥɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ
ɜ
ɝɭɫɬɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ - ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɨ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ,
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ 9.3.6.
Ȼɵɥ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ 2020 ɝɨɞ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɨ ɡɨɧɚɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ȼɚɤɭ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 259 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ/ɝɚ. ɗɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɨɱɬɢ
ɜɫɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɧɢɠɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.3.1 ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
(ɱɟɥ/ɝɚ)
Ɉɞɧɨ- ɢ ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
4-5-ɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
9-ɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ
ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
183
300
500
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
150
250
300
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ Ȼɚɤɭ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ.
ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɥɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɝɭɫɬɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ 500 ɢ 183, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɜɫɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ.
ȼ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ 1,700 ɝɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɠɢɥɶɟɦ 538,900 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. ɗɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨ,
ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɠɢɥɶɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ.
9-5
9.4
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ
9.4.1
ɀɢɥɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ,
ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɗɬɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ 9.3.6.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ ɞɥɹ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɝɭɫɬɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɷɬɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ
ɝɭɫɬɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɬ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ 2,67 ɦɥɧ. ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ 2,4 ɦɥɧ., ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɢɠɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.4.1 ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɥɨɳ.
ɇɚɫ.
(ɝɚ.)
(000)
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ – 2020 ɝɨɞ
1830.2
3592.2
915.1
1518.8
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɥɨɳ.
ɇɚɫ.
(ɝɚ.)
(000)
1770.3
1753.0
531.1
525.9
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɥɨɳ.
ɇɚɫ.
(ɝɚ.)
(000)
3541.3
1941.8
640.1
355.3
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ,
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɧɟ ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪɚ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɞɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ.
9.4.2
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ
ɦɟɫɬ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ, ɩɪɹɦɨ ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ
ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸa. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ: ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ
ɡɟɦɥɸ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ; ɦɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɡɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ; ɢ,
ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
9-12
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɬɱɟɬɭ. Ɉɬɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨ
2020 ɝɨɞɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ȼɚɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 2,4 ɦɥɧ.
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ
ɛɵɥ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ, ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 62,3%.
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ ɋɇȽ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ. ɗɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ 65 ɢ 75% ɩɨ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ. Ⱦɥɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɛɵɥ ɜɡɹɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ. ɗɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ 40,5% (62,3 * 0,65). ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɦɭ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ 2,4 ɦɥɧ. ɜ 2020 ɝɨɞɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 972,000.
ɉɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɚɤɭ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɵ.
Ɉɧɢ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɫɯɨɠɢ ɫ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɫɧɵɣ ɝɨɞ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ. ɋɟɤɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ
ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ 9.3.6.
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ. Ȼɭɞɭɳɚɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɨɧɚɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ
ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ (ɬ.ɟ. ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ) ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ, ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 1991 ɝɨɞɚ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɪɨɫɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ
– ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
Ɂɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ
ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɡɨɧɚɦ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɩɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟɣ. ɉɭɧɤɬɵ ɨɩɬɨɜɨɣ
ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ, ɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɹɦɨ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɞɨɥɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱥ ɨɩɬɨɜɚɹ
9-13
ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ
ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ
ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ,
ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɡɨɧɚɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɬɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ,
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ. ɗɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ
(ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɣ) ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ 9.3.5.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
9-14
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.4.2 ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɡɨɧɚɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
(ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ:ɝɚ)
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɂɨɧɚ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
65
66
67
68
70
71
72
73
74
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ
ȼɫɟɝɨ
Ɇɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɠɧ
ɚɹ
3.4
0.8
32.3
0
9.6
24.8
55.6
14
0
0
2.7
0.6
0
0
19.3
0
0
18.3
11.1
2
10.8
21.3
50.9
87.2
0
0
34.3
27.9
0
0
19.9
6.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29.9
26.5
44
127.2
0
10.7
0
0
0
0
140.9
27.2
149.6
256.1
0
0
173.4
37.2
88
0
0
0
0
0
56.3
33.6
0
42
134.4
0
0
0
0
1830.2
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ
17.5
5.8
18.4
46.1
9.4
0
144
1.9
0
0
8.2
13.7
27.2
0
2.1
58.8
10.1
25.2
45.3
44.8
54.4
21.9
62.5
10.7
24
4.2
27.1
9.3
23.6
45
82.4
78.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
69.2
99.9
94.8
54.2
44.8
9.8
0
0
0
0
66.8
0
0
25.8
0
29.6
67.1
15.4
26.9
42
0
30.9
0
0
48.6
66.8
0
28.5
10.1
0
17.4
0
0
1770.3
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ
6.6
19.2
10.3
30.4
46.5
72.1
0
0
0
5.5
0
0
64.2
153.6
4.8
99.5
26.8
37.7
39.8
21.4
15
56
71.7
0
24.8
43.6
55.7
13.7
21.8
32.4
0
26.6
0
0
20.9
0
0
117.5
0
72.3
16.4
0
58.2
0
14.6
0
0
75.9
283.9
27.2
104.6
0
36.4
0
0
0
112.7
112.8
98.1
0
100.4
212.2
18
191.6
38
179
241.2
78
0
306.8
0
24.9
3541.3
ɂɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɹ
23.4
3.3
0
2.5
3.4
0.8
0
4.2
0
30.9
83.2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
63.7
1
0
0
81.3
0
22.4
32.5
6.7
1.2
0
0
0
3.8
3
0
4.8
52.3
94.7
22.1
16.3
0
0
0
50.6
42.5
17.5
6.8
13.3
0
28.5
0
37.7
7.2
23.9
14.7
46.6
0
31.4
0
11.9
0
382.2
0
212.4
0
118.4
0
78.3
0
258.1
0
249.7
0
294.2
0
15.1
0
0
14.6
0
0
12.5
7.4
65.5
3
65.1
5.6
243
0
253.4
0
104.7
0
134.1
0
227.4
19
60.4
0
33.5
10.5
13.7
0
0
185.6
206
3.2
7.9
15.5
0
11.1
0
25
61.9
5.3
7.4
0
23.1
0
148.5
0
212.2
0
0
6
0
4
147
4.8
0
0
117.6
3.1
0
0
31.3
0
19.2
0
0
0
4468.1
557.5
ɐɟɧɬɪ
23.7
66.2
1.8
0
0
0
0
10.7
30.4
35.7
18.2
0
0
0
0
0
43.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
230.5
Ɂɟɥɟɧɵɟ
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ
ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
13.3
70.7
4.1
0
48.2
0.1
5.4
0
28
0
0
0
21.7
11.3
10.8
0
3.5
0
58.1
0
9.9
0.1
7
7.4
0
0
0
830.4
85.4
82.9
3.4
0
0
0
0
1.1
7.6
1.3
0
0
5.1
58.9
29.8
231
43.4
77.5
0
19.4
3.7
12.2
25.5
0
40.8
0
72.5
6
21.1
61.5
0
0
4.2
0.1
29
0.1
0
38.7
0
133.6
0
0
0
0.1
0
34
2.9
0
0
62.9
62.9
0
57.1
0
55.1
17.2
0
27.7
0
0
0
8.5
18.2
0
0
0
0
12.1
29.8
14.9
80.5
19
6
28.3
0
6.9
60.7
0.1
98.3
0
18.3
0
28.5
12.1
24.8
0
68.8
4.3
17.4
52.8
95.7
270.3
0
430.1
0
388.7
41.3
146.5
23.7
0
0
345.6
65.6
929.2
22
31.6
121.5
495.6
265.7
1654.6
0
71.9
0
349
0
187.4
1846.3
7244.8
ȼɫɟɝɨ
161.9
98.6
115.3
86.1
124.3
185.1
232.6
37.3
33.9
99.3
42.1
93.4
91.4
1065.3
249.4
169.6
80.7
86.1
108.1
125.3
261
376.3
306
210.4
89
86.6
186.4
174.3
166.6
124
138
152.1
420.9
346
139.3
78.4
292.1
370
357.1
249.3
214.5
211.1
287.2
113.2
114.3
261.1
253.4
192.7
462.7
580.8
226.5
200.5
392.8
283.9
257
304.5
201.1
325.8
277.5
373.4
584.5
749.4
418
326.1
488
1325.6
365
960.3
1920.3
427
368.2
212.3
21489
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.4.3 Ɂɟɦɥɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ Ȼɚɤɭ
(ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ:ɝɚ)
Ɂɨɧɚ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
65
66
67
68
70
71
72
73
74
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ
ȼɫɟɝɨ
Ɇɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɠ
ɧɚɹ
3.4
3.8
32.3
0
9.6
75.9
55.6
14
0
0
2.7
0.6
64.2
141.1
19.3
99.5
26.8
50.9
13.1
19.1
7.9
46
122.6
87.2
0
0
90
27.9
0
23.8
19.9
33.1
0
0
0
0
0
107.1
0
29.9
26.5
44
127.2
0
10.7
203.1
0
85.8
283.9
140.9
110.2
149.6
256.1
0
0
119.1
93
200.8
0
0
0
212.2
0
92.2
33.6
0
42
134.4
0
0
0
0
3592.2
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ
17.5
5.8
15.4
29.2
9.4
0
144
0
0
0
8.2
13.7
27.2
0
2.1
58.8
10.1
25.2
45.3
64.5
54.4
21.9
62.5
10.7
24
4.2
27.1
9.3
23.6
52.9
82.4
78.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
69.2
99.9
94.8
54.2
28.6
9.8
0
0
0
0
66.8
0
0
25.8
0
29.6
67.1
15.4
26.9
42
0
30.9
0
0
48.6
60.1
0
28.5
10.1
0
17.4
0
0
1753
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ
4.7
16.2
10.3
30.4
46.5
21.1
0
0
0
5.5
0
0
0
12.5
4.8
0
0
5.2
37.8
4.3
11.8
31.4
0
0
39.1
43.6
0
13.7
0
8.5
0
0
0
24.9
20.9
0
0
10.4
0
72.3
16.4
0
58.2
0
8.7
0
0
25.5
0
27.2
21.7
0
36.4
0
0
0
56.8
0
98.1
0
100.4
0
18
155.6
38
179
241.2
78
0
306.8
0
0
1941.8
ɂɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥ
Ɂɟɥɟɧɵɟ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɶɧɚɹ
ɧɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
23.4
0
3.4
0
0
83.2
0
0
0
0
0
63.7
0
144.1
22.4
6.7
0
0
9
4.8
94.8
29
0
50.6
23
13.3
28.5
37.7
23.9
46.6
31.4
11.9
382.2
212.4
118.4
78.3
258.1
249.7
294.2
15.1
0
0
12.5
60.2
56.4
39.8
253.4
69.3
134.1
227.5
60.4
33.5
13.7
0
206
62.2
0
0
61.9
7.4
23.1
148.5
212.2
0
0
125.5
0
117.6
0
31.3
12.2
0
4328.5
3.3
2.5
0.8
4.2
30.9
5
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
32.5
1.2
0
3.8
0
52.3
22.1
0
0
42.5
13.6
0
0
7.2
14.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14.6
0
7.4
3
5.6
0
0
0
0
19
0
10.5
0
556.9
0
8
11.1
25
5.3
0
0
0
0
6
4
4.8
0
3.1
0
0
0
0
924.6
13.3
4.1
42.5
0
28
0
21.7
10.8
3.5
58.1
9.9
7
0
0
85.4
3.4
0
0
7.6
0
5.1
29.8
43.4
0
0
25.5
40.8
72.5
21.1
0
8.4
29
0
0
0
0
0
2.9
0
62.9
57.1
55.1
0
0
0
18.2
0
0
29.8
80.5
0
0
60.7
98.3
18.3
28.5
24.8
68.8
17.4
95.7
0
0
41.3
9.2
0
65.6
22
121.5
265.7
0
0
0
1814.7
Ȼɢɡɧɟɫ
19.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21.5
14.6
0
0
0
0
12.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
34.7
0
36.9
0
0
0
6.7
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
155.3
Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɚɹ
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36.9
0
45.1
0
0
21.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
131.4
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢ
ɟ
75.7
66.2
1.9
0
0
0
11.3
10.6
30.4
35.7
18.3
7.4
0
830.4
82.9
0
43.8
1
1.3
0
58.9
218.2
77.5
19.4
12.2
0
0
6
61.5
0.1
0.1
0
38.7
133.5
0
0.1
0
0
62.9
0
0
17.2
0
0
7
0
0
12.1
14.9
6.7
34.2
6.9
0.1
0
0
12.2
0
4.3
18.1
270.3
430.1
388.7
101.4
14.5
345.6
929.2
31.6
495.6
1676.3
71.9
349
165.8
7309.8
ȼɫɟɝɨ
161
98.6
106.6
63.8
124.3
185.1
232.6
37.3
33.9
99.3
42.1
93.4
91.4
1128.1
249.4
169.6
80.7
86.1
114.1
145
255
376.3
306
210.4
111.9
86.6
186.4
174.3
144.8
131.9
142.2
152.1
420.9
370.8
139.3
78.4
258.1
370
357.1
249.3
214.5
211.1
287.2
113.2
112.8
261.1
253.4
192.4
462.7
580.8
226.5
200.5
392.8
655.2
253.8
297.1
201.1
325.8
277.5
373.4
658.3
749.4
418
326.1
488
1325.6
365.3
960.3
1942
427.4
368.2
165.8
21951.3