Архитектура Windows Server 2003

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Windows
Server 2003
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Ââåäåíèå â Windows
Server 2003
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Windows Server 2003 è
Active Directory
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Áåçîïàñíîñòü Windows
Server 2003
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Ñëóæáû .NET Framework
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ÃËÀÂÀ 1
Ââåäåíèå
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Server 2003
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Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòü â
Windows Server 2003!
Çíàêîìñòâî ñ àðõèòåêòóðîé
Windows Server 2003
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àäìèíèñòðèðîâàíèå
Windows
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indows Server 2003 — ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ,
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɨɬ Windows 2000 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ
ɤɧɢɝɢ ɜɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ Windows Server 2003 ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɚɦɢ. ȼɵ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɡɧɚɟɬɟ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ Microsoft ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɩɨɣɦɟɬɟ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Windows Server 2003 ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Windows. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ Windows Server 2003, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ.
Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòü
â Windows Server 2003!
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ 1996 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ Windows NT 4.0, ɪɹɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ ɟɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɨɧɚ ɫɚɦɚ. Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɜ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ
ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɟɳɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɟɬɚ-ɜɟɪɫɢɢ — ɜɟɞɶ ɫ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɢ? ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ (ɯɨɬɹ ɢ
ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɨɯɨɬɧɨ) ɧɚ Windows 2000 Server, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ
ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɳɭɬɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ
ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰ, Windows Server 2003 ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɟɳɟ
ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɛɟɬɚ-ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɛɟɬɚ-ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ
ɨɛ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ “ɫɟɫɬɟɪ” — Windows NT 4.0 ɢ Windows 2000. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ, ɛɟɬɚ-ɜɟɪɫɢɹ Windows Server 2003 ɞɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ,
ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɠɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬ Microsoft ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɦɚɫɫɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɛɵɜɚɥɭɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɥɚɫɶ Windows 2000.
Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ Windows Server 2003 ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɜɚɦ “ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ”, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɟɳɚɥɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɝɚɧɵ Microsoft, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜɵ ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɫ .NET Framework, ɫɥɭɠɛɵ IIS 6.0, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɚɹ
ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɣ DNS-ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɫɦɟɥɵɟ ɭɦɵ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɦɷɣɧɮɪɟɣɦɵ ɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɚɤ IBM ɢ Digital Equipment
Corp. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɠɟ ɜ “ɛɨɹɯ ɝɢɝɚɧɬɨɜ” ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ, ɤɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɦɟɧ. ȼɫɟ ɦɵ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ, ɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ.
ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɚɯ ɫ ɜɢɪɭɫɚɦɢ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɭɬɶ ɥɢ ɧɟ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ. ɏɚɤɟɪɵ ɲɬɭɪɦɭɸɬ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. Ȼɢɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɯɨɬɹɬɫɹ
ɡɚ ɬɟɦɢ, ɤɬɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɯ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɚɬɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɚɬɚɤ ɬɢɩɚ
“ɨɬɤɚɡ ɜ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ”. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɨɲɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɟɪɟɝɚɸɬ ɜɚɫ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɜɚɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɜɚɫ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ,
ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ Web-ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɡɞɟ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵ ɜɵ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɢ
ɨɞɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɫɹ ɫ Windows Server 2003.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɭ ɫ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ Windows Server 2003, ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɱɟɬɤɨ
ɭɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɫ ɝɨɪɞɵɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ “ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ” — ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɤɥɭɛɧɢɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɥɢɜɤɚɦɢ. Windows Server 2003 ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɵ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ɇɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɜɚɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ
Windows Server 2003 ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ (ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ), ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ Windows NT (ɢ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ) ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɲɢɪɨɬɨɣ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɤɚɤ Windows Server 2003.
ɏɨɬɹ Windows Server 2003 ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɟɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɟɳɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɩɪɚɜɞɚ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ Windows Server 2003 — ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ “ɨɛɜɢɧɹɟɦɵɣ” ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ; UNIX, NetWare ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɟɳɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɫ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ, ɢ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɫ Windows Server 2003 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɜɨɹɤɨ. (Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɟɛɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɢ
ɜɚɲɢ ɫɨɩɟɪɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɨɞɤɟ. ȼɵɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɬɨɬ, ɤɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɧɵɪɧɟɬ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ ɢ ɩɨɩɥɵɜɟɬ ɜ
ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.) ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ Windows Server 2003 ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ 6 ɢɥɢ 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɹ ɧɟɞɨɭɦɟɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɠɞɟɬɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɨ
ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ — ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɧɵɪɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ, ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, — ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɞɟɠɭɪɧɭɸ ɮɪɚɡɭ ɬɢɩɚ “ɧɚɦ ɷɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ”.
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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Ɇɵ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ. ɂɫɩɵɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ, ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ “ɩɪɨɛɧɵɯ” ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɱɟɦ ɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ
Windows NT/2000. Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɜɵ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭɬɨɱɧɨ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɫɢɥɚɯ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
ɨɩɵɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɦɭ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɤɨɥɨ ɲɟɫɬɢ-ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ (ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɹɬɶɸ ɧɭɥɹɦɢ)
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɵ.
„Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ Windows Server 2003.
„ɋɥɭɠɛɵ Active Directory.
„ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
„ɋɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ.
„ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ.
„Ɏɚɣɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ.
„ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɟɦ ɨɛ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ Windows Server 2003, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɦ ɜɚɫ
ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Windows (Zero Administration Windows, ZAW).
Çíàêîìñòâî ñ àðõèòåêòóðîé Windows
Server 2003
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɦɭ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɸ. ɇɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɢ ɫɭɦɟɬɶ ɞɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ Ⱥ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ȼ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɫ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɣ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɫɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ, ɜɵ ɨɬɜɟɡɟɬɟ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɩɨɪɭɱɢɬɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚɦ. ȼɚɦ ɫɤɚɠɭɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɱɬɨ
ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɢɧɚɱɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ, ɬɨ ɧɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɬ,
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɹ ɫɜɨɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɭ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ.
Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɹɞɪɚ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ, ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɬ.ɩ., ɬɨ ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ.
Ðåæèìû îïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Windows 2000 Server ɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ Windows Server 2003 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ —
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ (user mode) ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɹɞɪɚ (kernel mode). ɗɬɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Windows Server 2003 ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.1.
Интег
ральная
служба
Приложение Win32
Приложение POSIX
Приложение OS/2
Подсис
тема
Win32
Подсис
тема
POSIX
Подсис
тема
OS/2
Режим пользователя
Службы управления режима ядра
Службы управления
Диспетчер
ввода
вывода
Диспетчер
ссылок
дескрипторов
безопасности
Диспетчер
PC
Диспетчер
памяти
Диспетчер
процессов
Диспетчер
устройств
PnP
Диспетчер объектов
Файловые
системы
Драйверы устройств
Микроядро
Диспетчер
электро
питания
Диспетчер
окон
Драйверы
графи
ческих
устройств
Уровень абстракции аппаратного обеспечения (HAL)
Аппаратное обеспечение
Ɋɢɫ. 1.1. Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Windows Server 2003 (ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ)
Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ Windows
Server 2003: Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Datacenter Edition ɢ Web Edition.
Ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèé ðåæèì
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ Windows Server 2003, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ (ɤɚɤ ɨɬ Microsoft, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ), ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ
ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ
ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ API ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɫɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ.
Ïîäñèñòåìû ñðåäû
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɵ (environment subsystems) ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɩɪɢ-
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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ɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɭ API ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɷɬɢ
ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ Windows 2003. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ API ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ.
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɵ — ɧɟ ɧɨɜɢɧɤɚ ɜ Windows 2003, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧ Windows NT. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Windows Server 2003, ɱɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ. ȼ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, Windows Server 2003, ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɹ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ DOS-ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ
DOS ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥ ɛɵ ɤ ɡɚɜɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Windows Server 2003 ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.1.
Òàáëèöà 1.1. Ïîäñèñòåìû ñðåäû
Ïîäñèñòåìà ñðåäû
Íàçíà÷åíèå
Windows
Server 2003 Win32
(32-ðàçðÿäíàÿ)
Ïîääåðæèâàåò ïðèëîæåíèÿ Win32, à òàêæå îòâå÷àåò çà ïîääåðæêó 16-ðàçðÿäíûõ
ïðèëîæåíèé Windows è DOS. Äàííàÿ ïîäñèñòåìà îáðàáàòûâàåò âñå îïåðàöèè
ââîäà-âûâîäà â ïðèëîæåíèÿõ è ôóíêöèè ãðàôè÷åñêîãî èíòåðôåéñà ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ. Ïîäñèñòåìà Win32 áûëà çíà÷èòåëüíî óëó÷øåíà äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ïîääåðæêè
ñëóæá òåðìèíàëîâ
OS/2
Ïîääåðæèâàåò 16-ðàçðÿäíûå ïðèëîæåíèÿ OS/2 (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî Microsoft OS/2)
POSIX
Ïîääåðæèâàåò POSIX-ñîâìåñòèìûå ïðèëîæåíèÿ (îáû÷íî ïðèëîæåíèÿ UNIX)
ɉɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬ Win32, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ Win32, ɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ. ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Windows Server 2003 ɧɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ OS/2 ɢɥɢ POSIX. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɫ POSIX ɢɥɢ OS/2 ɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɋ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɫɪɟɞɵ POSIX ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ UNIX, ɤɚɤ vi ɢɥɢ grep.
ȿɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ POSIX ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɫɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸ Windows Server 2003 ɢ UNIX, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɛɵ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ UNIX ɜ Windows
Server 2003. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɞɥɹ UNIX.
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɜ Windows Server 2003 ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ. ɗɬɢ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ, ɤɭɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Win32, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.
„ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ, ɚ ɬɟ, ɜ
ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ
(Hardware Abstraction Layer, HAL). Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɚɞ (ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ, ɜɜɟɪɯ) ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ (handoff processing). Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Win32 ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤ
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ API, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɜ, ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɭ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ, ɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɧɚ.
„ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. ȼɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵ ɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. Ⱦɥɹ
Windows Server 2003 ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ — ɨɧɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚɦɢ API ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ.
„ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ-“ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɨɜ”, ɩɵɬɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɶ ɜɫɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɜ Windows Server 2003 ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɣ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ.
„Windows Server 2003, ɤɚɤ ɢ Windows 2000, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɜɚɡɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɨɛ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɢɩɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ; ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨ. ȼɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ (virtual memory) — ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɳɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
„ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɱɟɦ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɹɞɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ ɨɬɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɭ.
Èíòåãðàëüíûå ïîäñèñòåìû
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (integral subsystems) ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɗɬɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2.
Òàáëèöà 1.2. Èíòåãðàëüíûå ïîäñèñòåìû
Èíòåãðàëüíàÿ
ïîäñèñòåìà
Íàçíà÷åíèå
Ïîäñèñòåìà áåçîïàñíîñòè
Âûïîëíÿåò çàäà÷è, êàñàþùèåñÿ ïðàâ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé è êîíòðîëÿ äîñòóïà êî
âñåì ñåòåâûì îáúåêòàì è îáúåêòàì îïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû — êîíêðåòíûì
èëè àáñòðàêòíûì. Ýòà ïîäñèñòåìà òàêæå îáðàáàòûâàåò çàïðîñû íà âõîä â
ñèñòåìó è çàïóñêàåò ïðîöåññ ïðîâåðêè ïîäëèííîñòè ïðè âõîäå ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ â ñèñòåìó
Ñëóæáà “Ñåðâåð” (Server)
Èìåííî ýòà ñëóæáà äàåò ïðàâî íàçûâàòü Windows Server 2003 ñåòåâîé
îïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìîé. Ñ äàííîé ñëóæáîé ñâÿçàíû âñå ñåòåâûå ñëóæáû
Ñëóæáà “Ðàáî÷àÿ ñòàíöèÿ”
(Workstation)
Íàçíà÷åíèå ýòîé ñëóæáû î÷åíü ïîõîæå íà íàçíà÷åíèå ïðåäûäóùåé, îäíàêî
îíà áîëüøå îðèåíòèðîâàíà íà äîñòóï ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ ê ñåòè. (Âû ñìîæåòå
ðàáîòàòü íà êîìïüþòåðå äàæå â òîì ñëó÷àå, åñëè ýòà ñëóæáà îòêëþ÷åíà.)
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɭ ɢɡ ɜɚɫ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ. ȼɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ Services (ɋɥɭɠɛɵ) ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Microsoft ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ.
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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Ðåæèì ÿäðà
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɹɞɪɚ (kernel mode) Windows Server 2003 — ɷɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.1).
Èñïîëíèòåëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà Windows 2003
ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (The Executive) ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ (ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ (ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ). ɇɢɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ.
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Ɏɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ.
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Ⱦɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ
ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
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Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɤɷɲɚ. əɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɤɷɲɢɪɭɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɢɫɤɚ.
Ɉɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɷɲɢɪɭɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɧɚ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɞɟɫɤɪɢɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ (Interprocess Communication Manager, IPC).
ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɧ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ
ɡɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɡɨɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ (Local Procedure Call, LPC), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɡɨɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ (Remote Procedure Call, RPC), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ
ɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɯ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɢɥɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ (Virtual Memory Manager, VMM). ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦɭ
ɞɢɫɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɨɣ (paging).
(Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
“ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɜ Windows Server 2003”.)
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ Plug and Play. ɗɬɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ Windows Server 2003.
Ɉɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɥɭɠɛ Plug and Play ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ.
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɧ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚɦɢ
API ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (Graphical Device Interface, GDI). Ⱦɪɚɣɜɟɪ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ Win32K.sys ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
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Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɨɤɨɧ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɨɧ. Ɉɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɫ
ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɦɵɲɢ.
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ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ
(ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ) ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ Win16. Ɉɧ
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɸ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɦɢ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬ ɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ
ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ (ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.1), ɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɹɞɪɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɟɳɟ ɬɪɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ: ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ (device drivers), ɦɢɤɪɨɹɞɪɨ (microkernel) ɢ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ (Hardware Abstraction Layer, HAL).
Äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ
ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ìèêðîÿäðî
Ɇɢɤɪɨɹɞɪɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ “ɫɟɪɞɰɟɦ” ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɢ
ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɚ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ — ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ,
ɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɞɚɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ɇɢɤɪɨɹɞɪɨ Windows Server 2003 ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ — ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ.
Àïïàðàòíî-çàâèñèìûé óðîâåíü
Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ (HAL) ɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɷɬɨ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɞ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ. Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɟɫɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ Intel ɢ Alpha, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Windows ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚɯ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ.
Àðõèòåêòóðà îáðàáîòêè Windows Server 2003
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Windows Server 2003 ɥɟɠɢɬ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ
(Symmetric Multiprocessing, SMP). ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚɦɢ, ɚ ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɨɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ
ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɵ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɂɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɵ.
Windows Server 2003 ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɞɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ, ɨɠɢɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ; ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ȼɟɪɫɢɹ Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɸɸ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɭɸ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɫɬɶ (ɞɨ 4 ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ). ȼɟɪɫɢɹ Enterprise Edition ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨ
8 ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ, ɜɟɪɫɢɹ Datacenter Edition — ɞɨ 32, ɚ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ Web Edition — ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɳɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ
ɨɬ Microsoft ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɭ ɤɨɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɬɤɨɦɩɢɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɟɝɨ
ɩɨɞ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ.
Óïðàâëåíèå ïàìÿòüþ â Windows Server 2003
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɜ Windows Server 2003 ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɜ
Windows 2000 Server ɜ ɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ Windows NT.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɦ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Windows Server 2003 ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɢɩ — ɷɬɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (physical) ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
(ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ SDRAM, DDRAM ɢɥɢ RAMBUS), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɟ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɢɩ — ɷɬɨ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ (virtual) ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ (Virtual
Memory Manager, VMM). Ɉɧ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɜɫɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɸ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ,
ɱɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɟ.
Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ DOS ɢ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Windows.
Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɛɚɣɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ — ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ — ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
Windows Server 2003 ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɟɥɨ ɨɛɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ. Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨ 2 Ƚɛɚɣɬ ɚɞɪɟɫɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ
ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Web Edition, ɞɨ 4 Ƚɛɚɣɬ — ɜ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Standard Edition, ɞɨ 64 Ƚɛɚɣɬ — ɜ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Enterprise Edition ɢ ɞɨ 512 Ƚɛɚɣɬ — ɜ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Datacenter Edition, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ 64ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ.
Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɞɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
„Ɉɧ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ
ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ. ɗɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ.
„Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɚ, ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɨɣ (paging).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ Windows Server 2003 ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨ 4 Ƚɛɚɣɬ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɡ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɟ, ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɚ. ɏɨɬɹ ɦɵ ɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ 4 Ƚɛɚɣɬɚ, ɷɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɚ
ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ. ȼ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ 2 Ƚɛɚɣɬɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ 2 Ƚɛɚɣɬɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɟɳɟ 2 Ƚɛɚɣɬɚ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ.
ȼɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ (upper) ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ (lower) ɱɚɫɬɹɦ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 4 Ƚɛɚɣɬɚ, ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨ 2 Ƚɛɚɣɬɚ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ, ɚ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ — ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɇɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟɜɵɝɪɭɠɚɟɦɵɣ (nonpaged) ɢ ɜɵɝɪɭɠɚɟɦɵɣ (paged) ɩɭɥɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɚ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ. Ɋɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɥ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɭɥɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ 4 Ʉɛɚɣɬɚ.
Ïîäêà÷êà
ɉɨɞɤɚɱɤɚ (paging) — ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɦ ɞɢɫɤɨɦ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɭɥ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬ ɬɟ ɢɡ
ɧɢɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ, ɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ
ɮɚɣɥ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ (paging file).
Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (valid) ɢɥɢ ɮɢɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ (nonvalid) ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɏɢɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɯɪɚɧɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦ
ɞɢɫɤɟ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɮɢɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ
ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɟ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ (page fault). Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɫɛɨɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɪɨɞɧɢ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ, ɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ “ɩɟɪɟɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ” ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ.
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
„Ɉɧ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ “ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɜɨɲɟɥ, ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɜɵɲɟɥ”. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɟ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ. Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
49
ɩɨɤɚ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɨɦ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ (working set).
„Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ, ɨɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ (fetching), ɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ
ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ (paging file clustering). ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ, ɨɧ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ “ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ” ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɢɯ, ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ.
„Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ “ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨ” ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ
ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ, ɨɧ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɭɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ
ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɱɤɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɇɵ ɟɳɟ ɜɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɝɥɚɜɟ 20, “Ⱥɪɯɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ”.
Íóëåâîå àäìèíèñòðèðîâàíèå Windows
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ZAW (Zero Administration Windows — ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Windows) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ (Total Cost of Ownership,
TCO) ɫɟɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Windows ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɏɨɬɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɟɳɟ ɜ Windows 2000, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ,
ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ
ɞɚɜɧɨ, ɜɵ, ɧɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɢɞɟɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɨɜ Microsoft.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɤɟɩɬɢɤɨɜ ɢɞɟɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɠɢɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ Windows Server 2003. ɇɚɞɟɟɦɫɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɜɟɞɭɬ ɜɚɫ ɞɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚ: ɜɚɦ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ Windows Server 2003. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɹɦɨ-ɬɚɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧɚ Windows Server 2003, ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɜɚɫ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɸɬ: “ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɛɟɫɫɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɱɟɣ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɛɭɬɵɥɨɤ ɩɢɜɚ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɦɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ?” ɋɩɟɲɢɦ ɜɚɫ ɨɛɪɚɞɨɜɚɬɶ — ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ Windows
Server 2003 ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɩɨɬɪɚɬɢɥɚ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 5000 ɱɚɫɨɜ. ɂɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ: ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ Windows
Server 2003, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ.
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɜɨɟɞɢɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɥɨɦɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɣɦɟɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɬɚ ɢɥɢ
ɢɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɜɵ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɦɨɳɶ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ,
Windows Server 2003 — ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɚɹ ɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɥɢɟɧɬ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɤɚɤ “ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɟɪɜɟɪ”, “ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪ”, “ɤɥɢɟɧɬ-ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ”, “ɤɥɢɟɧɬ-ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ”, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɫɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ “ɤɥɢɟɧɬ-ɤɥɢɟɧɬ” ɢ “ɫɟɪɜɟɪ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪ”.
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ “ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɚɹ ɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ”, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɧɢ ɧɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Windows XP Professional, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɬɟɫɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Windows Server 2003, ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɭ ɢ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɨɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɵ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ, ɢ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ — ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory.
Ñëóæáà êàòàëîãà Active Directory
ɋɥɭɠɛɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɚ 2, “Windows Server 2003 ɢ Active
Directory”, ɢ ɜɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ III, “Active Directory”, ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɜɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ, ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ Active Directory. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ Windows Server 2003 ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ, ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɛɵ ɜ ɟɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ. Ʉ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɣɲɟɦɭ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɢɦ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ, ɱɟɦ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦ.
ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɟɬɢ. Ȼɟɡ Active Directory ɫɟɬɢ
Windows Server 2003 ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ. Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ Active Directory ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ Windows 2000, ɩɨɢɫɬɢɧɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɹɟɬ. Ɇɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɭɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ Active Directory ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ
ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɥɢɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
Êîíñîëü óïðàâëåíèÿ Microsoft
Ʉɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Microsoft (Microsoft Management Console, MMC) ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ Windows NT ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
BackOffice, ɤɚɤ Exchange, IIS ɢ SNA Server (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ Host Integration
Server). ȼ Windows Server 2003 ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Microsoft ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɨɣ (snap-in). Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Microsoft ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 7,
“ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ Windows Server 2003”.
Ñîäðóæåñòâî êëèåíòà è ñåðâåðà: òåõíîëîãèÿ
IntelliMirror
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Windows Server 2003 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ IntelliMirror ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɦɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ,
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɷɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ “ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ” ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ IntelliMirror
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɚ ɢ ɤ ɧɨɭɬɛɭɤɚɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Windows XP Professional. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ɂɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ (Group
Policy), ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɨɣɞɟɬ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 14, “Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ”. ɋɚɦɢ ɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ
Active Directory. Ʉɥɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Active Directory ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɨɛɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ IntelliMirror ɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
„Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ, ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ, ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɟɫɶ ɨɬ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ, ɜɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɟ ɫ ɮɚɣɥɨɦ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɟɫɥɢ
ɛɵ ɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɪɜɚɧɚ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɮɚɣɥ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ
“ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ” ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ, ɮɚɣɥɵ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɢ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ.
„ɉɟɪɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɩɨɤ. ɗɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ IntelliMirror, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɩɢɣ ɩɚɩɨɤ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɚɫ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ
ɫɟɬɢ, ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɜɚɫ ɩɟɪɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɹɬ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɚɩɤɢ, ɯɪɚɧɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ.
„ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɞɟɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹɦɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɟɳɟ ɜ Windows NT, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ Windows Server 2003
ɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɞɟɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ “ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ” ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɬɨɬ ɜɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ.
„ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (Remote Installation Services, RIS). ɋɥɭɠɛɵ RIS, ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ Windows XP Professional ɢ
Windows XP Home ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɯ ɢ ɧɨɭɬɛɭɤɚɯ.
„ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ Active Directory, ɜɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɤɢ “Active Directory-IntelliMirror” ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ Microsoft ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ SMS (System Management Server —
ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ). ɋɟɪɜɟɪ SMS ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɚɣɬɚɯ ɫɟɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ (ɢ ɤɫɬɚɬɢ,
ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ) ɫɥɭɠɛ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɨɧ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ. ɋɟɪɜɟɪ SMS ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ BackOffice ɢ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ.
Ãðóïïîâàÿ ïîëèòèêà
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɹɦɢ Windows ɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ Windows Server 2003 ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɥɨɫɶ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ (Group Policy). Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɟɧɨɜ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ.
Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ Active Directory — ɨɬ ɞɨɦɟɧɨɜ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ (Group Policy Editor, GPE),
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ (Organizational Unit, OU)
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory ɢɥɢ ɫɫɵɥɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ. Ʉ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ (Group
Policy Object, GPO) ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɤ ɩɚɩɤɚɦ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɚɦ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ NTFS.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 14, “Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ”.
Ñëóæáû îáåñïå÷åíèÿ äîñòóïíîñòè
Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ (availability) ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɦɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ 24×7 (24 ɱ ɫɟɦɶ ɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ), ɬ.ɟ. ɨ 100%-ɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɱɟɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ 99,9%. Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɯɜɚɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ⱦɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɨɩɵɬɭ: ɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɫ ɦɷɣɧɮɪɟɣɦɚɦɢ, ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ UNIX, ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚɦɢ NT,
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ AS/400 ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɦɢ, ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɥɢɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ
ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɯɜɚɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɥɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ (Service Level Agreement, SLA) ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɡɥɚ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ “ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤ-ɤɥɢɟɧɬ”. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɤ ɥɸɛɵɦ
ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ “ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ”. ȼ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ Internet-ɫɥɭɠɛ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɟɣ, ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Windows Server 2003. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɲ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ, ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦ. Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ Internet-ɭɡɟɥ, ɪɚɜɧɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɲɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɣɞɭɬ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɭ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚ.
Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɢ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ Windows Server 2003 ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ. ȼ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ Microsoft ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ:
„ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ;
„ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɜ;
„ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ;
„ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ;
„ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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Ñèíäðîì ïàäåíèÿ ñåðâåðà
Ɇɵ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɥ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ (bounce) ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ, ɧɨ ɨɧ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɢɠɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ȼ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ 1999 ɝɨɞɚ
ɦɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ, ɧɨ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ VMS,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɥ ɡɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɦɚɲɢɧ DEC VMX. Ɉɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɨɧ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥ ɧɚɦ
ɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ: “Ɉɧɢ ɫɤɚɡɚɥɢ
ɦɧɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ Coral Gables ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɩɚɫɬɶ, ɚ ɹ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɥɵɲɚɥ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ.” Ɇɵ
ɩɨɲɭɬɢɥɢ, ɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɜ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɧɚ ɩɨɥ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ...
ɉɪɨɲɥɨ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɥ ɠɚɥɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɟɦɭ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ “ɪɨɧɹɬɶ” ɫɟɪɜɟɪ NT, ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɳɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɵ VMX. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɟɧ ɜ ɤɪɭɝɚɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (Initial Program Load, IPL). ɗɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɦ “ɜ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɨ” ɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ, ɨɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɫɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɥɢ, “ɭɪɨɧɢɥɢ” ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɭɠɚɫɚɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ.
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Windows NT ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. Ɍɟ ɢɡ ɧɚɫ, ɤɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɫɹ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɬɟɣ Windows NT ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ, ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɭɬ ɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ
ɦɵ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɳɟɥɤɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Cancel (Ɉɬɦɟɧɚ), ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɨ
ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ Windows NT ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɚ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɦɵ ɲɭɬɢɥɢ: ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɦ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɞɨɯɚ.
Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ Microsoft ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɞɪɚ Windows Server 2003, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɛɨɣ. ɋɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ — ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ IP-ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬ (Network Interface Card, NIC). Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɦɵ ɟɳɟ
ɧɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɡɚɹɜɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟɱɟɝɨ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ). ȿɫɥɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɟɳɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɦɢɪɢɬɶɫɹ, ɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ
ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɞɨɭɦɟɧɢɟ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɩɪɚɜɞɚ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɞɨɦɟɧɚ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ, ɦɵ ɧɚɞɟɟɦɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ Windows
Server 2003 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ.
Êëàñòåðèçàöèÿ è èçáûòî÷íîñòü ñåðâåðîâ
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Server ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ Cluster Server,
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ Windows NT ɢ Windows 2000. Ʉɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ
(clustering) — ɷɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɚɡɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ, ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ, ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɟɪɜɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɥ ɫɛɨɣ. ȼ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɚɡɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɛɨɟ (failover). (Ɇɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ
ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Windows Server 2003.)
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (load balancing) — ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɤɚɤ IntelliMirror ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɭɡɧɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ
ɩɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɜ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ. ȼ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɦɚɥɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɩɟɪɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɩɨɤ, ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ Windows Server 2003.
Èçáûòî÷íîñòü õðàíèëèù
ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ Windows Server 2003 ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ. Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ NTFS 5.0 ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɹɞɨɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ.
Àâàðèéíîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ (disaster recovery) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɥɭɠɛ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (Remote Storage) ɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɫɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ (Removable Storage), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɩɢɣ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ȿɳɟ
ɨɞɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ — ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ (Recovery Console), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ NTFS ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ
ɤ ɬɨɦɚɦ NTFS. ɂ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɜ “ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ” (safe mode), ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɨɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɛɨɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ.
Áåçîïàñíîñòü
ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜ Windows Server 2003 ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ. ɇɚɦ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɭ
ɧɚɫ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɟɬɶ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ, ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 3,
“Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ Windows Server 2003”, ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɯɚɤɟɪɫɤɢɯ Web-ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ɇɵ ɜɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɷɪɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɡɦɚ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɵ Windows Server 2003.
Ðàñïðåäåëåííàÿ áåçîïàñíîñòü
Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ Microsoft ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Windows Server 2003 ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɭɠɛ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɬɟ ɧɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɪɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ 128-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ
ɤɥɸɱɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ Kerberos 5.0, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ
Ɇɚɫɫɚɱɭɫɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɬɚɥ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɞɟ-ɮɚɤɬɨ ɜ Internet
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ
(Single Sign-On, SSO).
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Windows Server 2003 ɦɵ ɩɨɫɜɹɬɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɝɥɚɜɭ (ɝɥɚɜɚ 3, “Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ Windows Server 2003”).
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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Ñëóæáû âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ è èíòåãðàöèè
Ɉɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ — ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ ɦɟɱɬɚ, ɚ ɨ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɢ
World Wide Web ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ Microsoft ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ.
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɦɚɥɨ-ɦɚɥɶɫɤɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɯ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ. ȼ ɥɭɱɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɵ ɫɦɨɠɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ Windows 2000, Windows
Server 2003, UNIX, AS/400 ɢ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ NetWare, ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɛɵɜɲɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɩɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɢ ɚɞɜɨɤɚɬɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɚɯ), ɚ ɜɨɬ OS/2, ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚ XX ɜɟɤɚ, ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɥɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ 31 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 1999 ɝɨɞɚ.
Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ Microsoft ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɥɚ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ
UNIX. ɋɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤ Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɭɸ UNIX-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ (ɧɭ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɦɵ
ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɢ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ...). ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɜ Windows 2000, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɦɚɥɨ ɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ
ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦ ɢ ɪɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ Windows Server 2003 ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ UNIX ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ “ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ” ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ TCP/IP, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɭɸ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɭ UNIX, ɞɚɜɚɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɜɫɟ ɥɭɱɲɟɟ ɢɡ ɦɢɪɨɜ Windows ɢ UNIX.
Ïîääåðæêà àïïàðàòíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ
Ⱦɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ Windows
Server 2003, — ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɭɣɞɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɱɚɫ. ȼɵ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ
ɜɟɪɫɢɹ Windows NT ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɥɚɫɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɚ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɫ Windows 95. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɞɥɹ Windows Server 2003 ɢ Windows 98 ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɨɞɧɢ ɢ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Windows Server 2003 ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɵɫɹɱ
ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɬɟɪɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɩɨɯɜɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ Windows 2000.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ Windows
Server 2003 ɢ Windows 98 ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɝɨɠɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ
WDM (Windows Driver Model — ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɜ Windows). ȼɫɟ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɵ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ
Windows 98 ɢ ɟɟ “ɩɪɚɜɨɩɪɟɟɦɧɢɰɵ” Windows Server 2003, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ WDM,
ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ WDM. ȼɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, — ɷɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɤɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɜɟɫɢɫɬɵɣ ɲɚɛɥɨɧ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɚɦɢ Microsoft.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ WDM ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɢɞɟɨ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɨɜ, ɩɥɨɬɬɟɪɨɜ, ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɦɟɪ,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
Ñëóæáû õðàíèëèù è ôàéëîâûå ñëóæáû
ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ Windows Server 2003 ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ Windows 2000. ɑɬɨ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ, ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ. ȼ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ:
„ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ;
„ɫɥɭɠɛɚ Removable Storage (ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɫɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ);
„ɫɥɭɠɛɚ Remote Storage (ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ);
„ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Microsoft Dfs;
„ɮɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ NTFS 5.0.
Àäìèíèñòðàòîð äèñêîâ
Windows Server 2003, ɤɚɤ ɢ Windows 2000, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɨɦɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɬɨɦɨɜ RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks — ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ)
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ Disk Management (ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɚɦɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Microsoft. ȼ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɬɨɦɚɦɢ RAID, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ. ɑɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ, ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Microsoft ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɦɢ
ɞɢɫɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɑɬɨ ɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ — ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɪɚɣ!
Ñëóæáà Removable Storage
ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɫɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ (Removable Storage) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɴɟɦɧɵɦɢ
ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɬɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ) ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɢɡɹɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɞɢɜɭ ɞɚɟɲɶɫɹ. ȼ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ ɫɬɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɥɭɠɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ NTBackup (ntbackup.exe) ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ Microsoft Backup (ɚ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɪɟɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɪɫɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ Veritas
Backup Exec). Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɵ
ɬɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɠɞɚɥɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɥɭɠɛɚ Removable Storage ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɥɵ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɫɴɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
Ñëóæáà Remote Storage
ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (Remote Storage) ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɜ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɟ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɴɟɦɧɨɟ)
ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɪ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɥɭɠɛɚ Remote Storage ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ,
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɢɡ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɨɧɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɞɢɫɤ. Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɮɚɣɥɚɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ, — ɷɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
Ðàñïðåäåëåííàÿ ôàéëîâàÿ ñèñòåìà Microsoft Dfs
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Microsoft Dfs (ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ
ɩɭɬɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ DFS) ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ NFS ɜ UNIX,
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɚ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɜɵ ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɢ ɩɚɩɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ-
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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ɫɬɜɟ ɢɦɟɧ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ
ɜ Windows NT.
Ôàéëîâàÿ ñèñòåìà NTFS 5.0
Ɏɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Windows NTFS 5.0 ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɨɛɡɚɜɟɥɚɫɶ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɬɨɦɚ, ɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɩɚɩɨɤ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ, ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ NTFS 5.0 ɫɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɜɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ Windows 2000. Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ
ɤɜɨɬɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɦɚɦ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ (ɡɚɩɪɟɬɢɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ) ɤ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɭ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ.
Internet-ñëóæáû
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ Internet Information Server 6.0 ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ Windows Server 2003. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ FTP, ɫɟɪɜɟɪ IIS ɛɵɥ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜ SMTP ɢ
NNTP. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ Internet-ɫɥɭɠɛ ɫɟɪɜɟɪ IIS ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɪɟɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪ.
ɉɨɥɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ IIS ɜ Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ Webɭɡɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɟ ɫ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ IP-ɚɞɪɟɫɨɦ. ɂ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɨɦɟɧɨɜ DNS.
Êîììóíèêàöèîííûå ñëóæáû
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɟɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ? ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Windows Server 2003 ɜɨɲɥɨ
ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ Internet ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ (chat), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ NNTP, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɩɨɱɬɨɜɵɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬ Outlook Express, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Windows Server 2003.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɜ Windows Server 2003 ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɛ
ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ (Virtual Private Network, VPN), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɡ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ Internet. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚɦɢ ɊɊɌɊ (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol — ɬɭɧɧɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ “ɬɨɱɤɚɬɨɱɤɚ”) ɢ L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol — ɬɭɧɧɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ).
Ñëóæáû òåðìèíàëîâ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Windows NT ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɚɧɫɚ
ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɢɞɟɥ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ, ɤɚɤ pcANYWHERE ɢɥɢ CarbonCopy. Ʉ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɸ, ɫ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Windows Server 2003 ɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɲɦɚɪ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɚɧɫɚ ɛɟɡɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨ
ɢɫɱɟɡ. ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ (Terminal Services), ɩɪɢɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɤ ɧɚɦ ɢɡ Windows NT 4.0 Terminal
Server Edition, ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Windows Server 2003 ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
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×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ ɛɟɡ ɜɫɹɤɢɯ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ Remote Desktop (ɍɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɫɬɨɥ).
ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɚɧɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ ɫ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɚ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɚ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ “ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬ-ɫɟɪɜɟɪ”, ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɷɣɧɮɪɟɣɦɚ “ɬɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ”
ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ
ɧɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɟɚɧɫ. ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ Windows
Server 2003 “ɦɷɣɧɮɪɟɣɦ” ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɫɬɨɥ
Windows Server 2003, ɚ ɧɟ ɧɟɤɢɟ ɬɚɣɧɵɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ,
ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɚɤ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟ ɦɷɣɧɮɪɟɣɦɚɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ.
əɞɪɨ Windows Server 2003 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɫɪɟɞɵ Win32, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɟɚɧɫɨɜ, ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Win32 ɢ “ɤɥɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ” ɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɭ ɢ
ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ “Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ”. ȿɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.1. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɟɛɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɩɢɣ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Win32, ɢ ɜɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ.
ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɚɜɧɟ ɫ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɟɚɧɫɚɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɟɚɧɫɨɜ. ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɢ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ.
Ðåçþìå
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɥɚɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ Windows Server 2003. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Windows Server 2003. Ɉɧɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ ɧɚ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɭ Windows 2000 ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ
ɪɹɞ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
Windows Server 2003 ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɚɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɦɷɣɧɮɪɟɣɦɨɜ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɷɣɧɮɪɟɣɦɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Windows Server 2003,
ɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɫɬɨɥɨɦ Windows Server 2003, ɚ ɧɟ ɫ
ɤɨɲɦɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɪɰɚɸɳɢɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ.
Ɇɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɢ ɜɚɫ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ
ɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɵ ɤɨɫɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɝɥɚɜɟ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ 29 ɝɥɚɜɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ.
ɂ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɥɢ ɜɚɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɟɬɟɫɶ, —
ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɤɪɭɬɚ. Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɚɦ ɫɟɬɟɣ Windows 2000 ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɨɳɟ ɩɨɤɨɪɹɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ, ɱɟɦ ɧɨɜɢɱɤɚɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ — ɜɡɹɬɶ
ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɭ .NET Framework, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Active Directory ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɬɟɪɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɦ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ
Windows Server 2003, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ!
Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003
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