HJ=:GBA:PBY H;T?>BG?GGUOG:PBC E WDHGHFBQ?KDBC BKHPB:EVGUCKH<?L Distr. GENERAL E/1990/5/Add.52 14 April 2003 RUSSIAN Original: ENGLISH Hkgh\gZyk_kkby]h^Z HKMS?KL<E?GB?F?@>MG:JH>GH=HI:DL:H;WDHGHFBQ?KDBO KHPB:EVGUOBDMEVLMJGUOIJ:<:O I_j\hgZqZevgu_^hdeZ^uij_^klZ\ey_fu_]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb-mqZklgbdZfb \khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlvyfbbIZdlZ >h[Z\e_gb_ J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Z >n_\jZey]h^Z@ _____________________ * BgnhjfZpbyij_^klZ\e_ggZyFhe^h\hc\khhl\_lkl\bbkjmdh\h^ysbfb ijbgpbiZfbdZkZxsbfbky\klmibl_evghcqZklb^hdeZ^h\]hkm^Zjkl\-mqZklgbdh\ kh^_j`blky\[Zah\hf^hdmf_gl_HRI/CORE/1/Add.114). Kijbeh`_gbyfbmihfygmlufb\^hdeZ^_fh`ghhagZdhfblvky\k_dj_lZjbZl_ GE.03-41194 (R) 270603 160703 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 2 KH>?J@:GB? Imgdlu Klj. I. HKGH<GU?C<?>?GBY ...................................................... 1-5 4 II. IHEBLBQ?KD:YKLJMDLMJ:BH;S?IJ:<H<U? 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JZkij_^_e_gb_rdhebmq_gbdh\ihyaudZfij_ih^Z\Zgby.................................. 54 55 55 56 57 58 59 59 60 79 80 80 81 83 91 94 95 97 117 132 134 158 176 187 188 189 189 196 198 201 202 205 207 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 4 I. H;SB?K<?>?GBY 1. <khhl\_lkl\bbkiheh`_gbyfbklZlvbF_`^mgZjh^gh]hiZdlZh[wdhghfbq_kdbo khpbZevguobdmevlmjguoijZ\Zobjmdh\h^ysbfbmdZaZgbyfbhlghkbl_evghnhjfub kh^_j`Zgbyi_j\hgZqZevguo^hdeZ^h\]hkm^Zjkl\-mqZklgbdh\J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Z ij_^klZ\ey_lDhfbl_lmihwdhghfbq_kdbfkhpbZevgufbdmevlmjgufijZ\ZfgZklhysbc k\h^guc^hdeZ^hijbgyluo_xf_jZoihhkms_kl\e_gbxDhg\_gpbbbhijh]j_kk_ ^hklb]gmlhfaZi_jbh^kn_\jZey]h^Zihyg\Zjy ]h^Z 2. J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZjZlbnbpbjh\ZeZF_`^mgZjh^guciZdlh[wdhghfbq_kdbo khpbZevguobdmevlmjguoijZ\Zobxey]h^ZihklZgh\e_gb_fiZjeZf_glZ -217-O,,bhg\klmibe\kbemZij_ey]h^Z 3. Gb`_ijb\h^ylkyklZlbklbq_kdb_^Zggu_dZkZxsb_kyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z hnbpbZevgh_gZa\Zgb_kljZguJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Z ]_h]jZnbq_kdh_iheh`_gb_J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZjZkiheh`_gZgZx]h-\hklhd_ ?\jhiuf_`^mJmfugb_cbMdjZbghc\[Zkk_cg_j_dIjmlb>g_klj l_jjblhjbydf2; gZk_e_gb_q_eh\_dihkhklhygbxgZyg\Zjy]h^Z iehlghklvgZk_e_gbyq_eh\_ddf2; klhebpZ]Dbrbg_\ijbf_jgh`bl_e_cihkhklhygbxgZyg\Zjy 2001 ]h^Z gZpbhgZevgucijZa^gbd>_gvg_aZ\bkbfhklbZ\]mklZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggucneZ]ljb\_jlbdZevguojZ\guoihehkudjZkgh]h`_elh]hb kbg_]hp\_lZk]_j[hfJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zihk_j_^bg_ nhjfZijZ\e_gbyiZjeZf_glkdZyj_kim[ebdZ gZpbhgZevgucaZdhgh^Zl_evguchj]Zgh^ghiZeZlguciZjeZf_gl\ khklZ\_ 101 ^_imlZlZba[bjZ_fucijyfuf]hehkh\Zgb_fgZhkgh\_ijhihjpbhgZevgh]h ij_^klZ\bl_evkl\Z ]eZ\Z]hkm^Zjkl\Zij_ab^_gl Z^fbgbkljZlb\gh_^_e_gb_jZchgh\h^gZZ^fbgbkljZlb\gZyl_jjblhjbZevgZy _^bgbpZfmgbpbiZebl_lh\]hjh^Z^_j_\gbbihk_edh\ ^ZlZ\klmie_gby\Hj]ZgbaZpbxH[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcfZjlZ]h^Z KljmdlmjZgZk_e_gby ]hjh^kdh_gZk_e_gb_ k_evkdh_gZk_e_gb_ 45% 55% ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 5 LZ[ebpZ =hjh^kdh_gZk_e_gb_bijbjhklgZk_e_gby =hjh^kdh_ gZk_e_gb_ hl h[s_c qbke_gghklb ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 23 46 46 Ijbjhkl gZk_e_gby \ %) 1960- ]h^u 1997- ]h^u 2,95 -0,35 <g_rgbc^he]fej^^heeKR:]h^IhkhklhygbxgZZij_ey 2000 ]h^Z\g_rgbc]hkm^Zjkl\_gguc^he]khklZ\eyefeg^heeKR: <]h^m<<IkhklZ\befegfhe^Z\kdboe__\bebijbf_jgh<<I aZ]h^\khihklZ\bfuop_gZo <]h^mmjh\_gv[_ajZ[hlbpukhklZ\be\khhl\_lkl\bbkdeZkkbnbdZpb_c F_`^mgZjh^ghchj]ZgbaZpbbljm^ZFHLWdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\gh_gZk_e_gb_khklZ\beh \k_]hgZk_e_gbykljZguAZgylh_gZk_e_gb_-\k_]hgZk_e_gbyb gZk_e_gby\\hajZkl_klZjr_e_lGZyg\Zjy ]h^Z[uehhnbpbZevgh aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgh 900 [_ajZ[hlguoihdeZkkbnbdZpbbFHL- 187 q_eh\_d Mjh\_gvbgneypbb\]h^m- 18,4%. >heyh[mqZxs_]hkygZk_e_gby Mjh\_gv]jZfhlghklb\ajhkeh]hgZk_e_gby LZ[ebpZ IhdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby H`b^Z_fZyijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbijbjh`^_gbbe_l]h^ Mjh\_gv]jZfhlghklb\ajhkeh]hgZk_e_gby]h^ H[sbcihdZaZl_evho\ZlZgZk_e_gbyh[jZah\Zgb_f\k_oklmi_g_c]h^ Bg^_dkh[jZah\Zgby]h^ Bg^_dk<<I]h^ Bg^_dkkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby]h^ 67,8 96,4 2,042 0,880 0,507 0,698 4. IhdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby\dexqZxlljb[Zah\uowe_f_glZ ijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbmjh\_gvh[jZah\Zgbybmjh\_gv`bagbIjh^he`bl_evghklv `bagbhij_^_ey_lkydZdh`b^Z_fZyijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbijbjh`^_gbbMjh\_gv h[jZah\Zgbybkqbkey_lkydZdkh\hdmigh_kj_^g_Zjbnf_lbq_kdh_mjh\gy]jZfhlghklb gZk_e_gby^hey\^\_lj_lbbh[s_]hihdZaZl_eyho\ZlZgZk_e_gbyh[jZah\Zgb_f\k_o ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 6 klmi_g_c^hey\h^gmlj_lv<dZq_kl\_ihdZaZl_eymjh\gy`bagbbkihevam_lky<<IgZ ^mrmgZk_e_gbybkqbke_ggucgZhkgh\_iZjbl_lZihdmiZl_evghckihkh[ghklb\^heeZjZo KR: 5. DZ`^ucdhfihg_gllZ[ebpukhihklZ\ey_lkykhke_^mxsbfbfZdkbfZevgufbb fbgbfZevgufbagZq_gbyfbmklZgh\e_ggufbIjh]jZffhcjZa\blbyHj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcIJHHGbe_l-^eyh`b^Z_fhcijh^he`bl_evghklb`bagb ijbjh`^_gbbb-^eymjh\gy]jZfhlghklbb-^eyh[s_]hihdZaZl_ey ho\ZlZgZk_e_gbyh[jZah\Zgb_f\k_oklmi_g_cb^heeKR:-^ey<<IgZ ^mrmgZk_e_gby>eyi_j\uolj_odhfihg_glh\jZagbpZf_`^mfZdkbfZevgufb fbgbfZevgufagZq_gbyfby\ey_lkyke_^mxs_c H`b^Z_fZyijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbijbjh`^_gbb- 25)/(85 - 25) = 0,707 Mjh\_gv]jZfhlghklb- 0,0)/(100,0 - 0,0) = 0,964 H[sbcihdZaZl_evho\ZlZgZk_e_gbyh[jZah\Zgb_f\k_oklmi_g_c (71,2 - 0,0)/(100,0 - 0,0) = 0,712 Mjh\_gvh[jZah\Zgbybkqbke_ggucgZhkgh\_^\mo\ur_ijb\_^_gguobg^_dkh\ o <<IgZ^mrmgZk_e_gbylog2 033 - log100)/(log40 000 - log100) = 0,507 Bg^_dkkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blbybkqbke_ggucdZdkj_^g__lj_o[Zah\uowe_f_glh\ bf_xsboh^bgZdh\u_\_kZ LZ[ebpZ H`b^Z_fZy ijh^he`bl_evghklv `bagb ijb jh`^_gbb e_l 1999 ]h^ 67,4 * GZk_e_gb_ bf_xs__ ^hklmi d KhpbZevgh_jZa\blb_-h[sb_^Zggu_ <<I <<I DZehjbcghklv Mjh\_gv >hey h[mqZ- I_jbh^b- L_e_\bahju gZ ^mrm gZ ^mrm ^g_\gh]h ]jZfhlghklb xsboky gZ q_kdb_ gZk_e_gby gZk_e_gby jZpbhgZ \ajhkeh]h \k_o klmi_- ba^Zgby gZ ^mrm gZk_e_gby gyo kbkl_fu wda gZ ^mrm gZ \ ^hee KR: \ ^hee h[jZah\Zgby gZk_e_gby 100 q_e ih IIK KR: (%), gZk_e_gby ]h^ (%), ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 1998 ]h^ F_^bpbg- Qbklhc KZgblZjghkdhfm h[- iblv_\hc ]b]b_gbq_kkem`b\Z- \h^_ dbf mkemgbx ]h^ ]Zf ]h^ 1998 ]h^ … 51,9 >hklmi d ijhlhqghc \h^_ 46,0 1 775 96,4 71,2 136 15 2 042 474 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 7 LZ[ebpZ Qbke_gghklv gZk_e_gby feg q_eh\_d 1960 ]h^ 1998 3,0 4,3 ]h^ Kj_^g_]h^h\hc ijbjhkl gZk_e_gby (%) 2000 1960-1998 1998-2000 ]h^ ]h^u ]h^u 4,3 0,85 (-) 0,45 >_fh]jZnbq_kdb_^Zggu_ H[sbc H[sbc KmffZjguc IhdZaZl_ev K_evkdh_ gZk_e_gb_ dhwnnbpb_gl dhwnnbpb_gl dhwnnbpb_gl ijbf_g_gby hl h[s_c jh`^Z_fhklb kf_jlghklb jh`^Z_fhklb dhgljZp_ilb\h\ ex[h]h \b^Z qbke_gghklb ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 55 10,1 11,4 1,37 28* <dexqZy `_gsbg aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgguo \ dZq_kl\_ ihevamxsboky \gmljb\Z]bgZevgufb b i_jhjZevgufb ijhlb\haZqZlhqgufb kj_^kl\Zfb \ hl h[s_]h qbkeZ `_gsbg \ \hajZkl_ - e_l * LZ[ebpZ IhdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby H`b^Z_fZy Dhwnnbpb_gl Mjh\_gv H[sbc ihdZaZl_ev ijh^he`b- feZ^_gq_kdhc ]jZfhlghklb ho\ZlZ gZk_e_gby l_evghklv kf_jlb \ajhkeh]h h[jZah\Zgb_f \k_o `bagb ijb gZ luk gZk_e_gby klmi_g_c jh`^_gbb e_l `b\hjh`^_gbc (%), hl h[s_c ]h^ qbke_gghklb 1999 1960 1959 1999 \hajZklghc ]jmiiu ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 7- e_l ]h^ 68,1 67,4 48,2 19,1 96,4 G_]jZfhlgh_ Qbkeh Qbkeh Qbkeh \ajhkeh_ g_]jZfhlguo ^_l_c ^_l_c gZk_e_gb_ `_gsbg g_ h[mqZx- mf_jrbo ^h sboky \ ^hklb`_gby \ \hajZkl_ \ \hajZkl_ gZqZevghc \hajZklZ e_l b e_l b rdhe_ klZjr_ 5 e_l klZjr_ luk q_e luk q_e feg q_e feg q_e ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 71 0,1 0,09 17,5 0,9 Bklhqgbd lZ[ebpu - Hl^_e_gb_ Ijh]jZffu jZa\blby Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc \ J_kim[ebd_ Fhe^h\Z >hdeZ^ aZ ]h^ LZ[ebpZ Hkgh\gu_^_fh]jZnbq_kdb_ihdZaZl_eb H[sZy qbke_gghklv gZk_e_gby Fm`qbgu luk q_e hl h[s_c qbke_gghklb =hjh^kdh_ gZk_e_gb_ luk q_e hl h[s_c qbke_gghklb <hajZklghc khklZ\ gZk_e_gby feZ^r_ ljm^hkihkh[gh]h \hajZklZ (%) ljm^hkihkh[gh]h \hajZklZ i_gkbhggh]h \hajZklZ e_l ^ey `_gsbg b 60 e_l ^ey fm`qbg Dhwnnbpb_gl _kl_kl\_ggh]h ijbjhklZ gZk_e_gby Dhwnnbpb_gl jh`^Z_fhklb Dhwnnbpb_gl kf_jlghklb Dhwnnbpb_gl [jZqghklb Dhwnnbpb_gl jZa\h^h\ Dhwnnbpb_gl feZ^_gq_kdhc kf_jlghklb gZ 1 luk `b\hjh`^_gbc ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 4 366,3 2 082,0 47,7 2 073,6 47,5 4 334,4 2 071,0 47,8 2 004,1 46,2 4 320,0 2 064,5 47,8 1 995,3 46,2 4304,7 2 057,5 47,8 1 987,7 46,2 4 293,0 2 052,0 47,8 1 976,3 46,0 4 281,5 2 046,5 47,8 1 968,5 46,0 29,7 54,9 28,6 55,6 28,2 56,0 27,6 56,4 26,7 57,2 25,7 58,3 15,4 8,0 17,7 9,7 9,4 3,0 15,8 0,8 13,0 12,2 7,5 3,4 15,8 0,5 12,0 11,5 6,0 3,1 16,0 0,0 11,9 11,9 6,1 3,1 16,1 -0,2 10,9 11,1 6,0 3,0 16,0 -1,3 10,1 11,4 6,5 2,7 19,0 21,2 20,2 19,9 17,8 19,1 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 8 II. 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WlhlZdlhagZf_gh\Zekh[hcgZqZehiheblbq_kdhc[hjv[uaZkm\_j_gbl_l J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZIheblbq_kdb_kbeuijh\ha]eZr_gghcj_kim[ebdbaZo\Zlbeb bgbpbZlb\mb^ey^hklb`_gbyk\hbop_e_cklZebijbf_gylvf_lh^u`_kldh]h^Z\e_gby 11. <k_[hevr__qbkehba\ur_mihfygmluo^_imlZlh\-eb[hihkh[kl\_gghc bgbpbZlb\_eb[hih^^Z\e_gb_fwdklj_fbklkdbokbeIjb^g_kljh\vy-hldZau\Zehkvhl mqZklby\jZ[hqboaZk_^ZgbyoiZjeZf_glZJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZIheblbq_kdbc wdklj_fbaf\Ijb^g_kljh\v_ij_\jZlbeky\ghjfmbgZqZeih^ju\ZlviexjZebaf fg_gbcb^bZeh] 12. <ke_^kl\b_Zglbdhgklblmpbhgguoiheblbq_kdbofZg_\jh\dhlhju_\agZqbl_evghc kl_i_gbaZfureyebkvb\^hogh\eyebkviheblbq_kdbfbkbeZfbFhkd\u\uklmiZ\rbfbaZ khojZg_gb_Kh\_lkdh]hKhxaZ\\hklhqguojZchgZoJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZklZeb gZjmrZlvkyhkgh\gu_ijZ\Zq_eh\_dZ 13. <gZklhys__\j_fy\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zijhke_`b\Z_lkyy\gZyl_g^_gpbyd kha^Zgbxf_oZgbafh\bdexq_\uonZdlhjh\^eynhjfbjh\Zgbykbkl_fuihhsj_gbyb m\Z`_gbyijZ\q_eh\_dZdhlhjZy\qZklghklbhkgh\u\Z_lkygZf_`^mgZjh^gh-ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glZo<\b^m\Z`ghklbbgZklhyl_evghcg_h[oh^bfhklbboh[_ki_q_gbylZdb_ijZ\Z aZdj_ie_gu\jZa^_e_IIDhgklblmpbbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZhaZ]eZ\e_gghfHkgh\gu_ ijZ\Zk\h[h^ubh[yaZgghklb 14. 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Mqblu\ZykblmZpbx\jZchgZoe_\h[_j_`vy>g_kljZ\hklhqgZyqZklvJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\ZZlZd`_iheh`_gbyimgdlZ m\_^hfe_gby 188 (1IZjeZf_glkdhcZkkZf[e_b Kh\_lZ?\jhiuijbjZlbnbdZpbb?\jhi_ckdhcdhg\_gpbbhijZ\Zoq_eh\_dZiZjeZf_gl J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zkq_eg_h[oh^bfufk^_eZlvaZy\e_gb_hlhfqlhJ_kim[ebdZ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 14 Fhe^h\ZkgbfZ_lkk_[yhl\_lkl\_gghklvaZ^_ygbykh\_jrZ_fu_gZl_jjblhjbb kZfhijh\ha]eZr_gghcIjb^g_kljh\kdhcJ_kim[ebdbbqlhlZdh_iheh`_gb_[m^_l khojZgylvky\iehlv^hhdhgqZl_evgh]hjZaj_r_gbydhgnebdlZ\wlhfj_]bhg_ 34. <k_fbjgZydhgn_j_gpbyihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZkhklhy\rZyky\ ]h^m\<_g_ \ukdZaZeZkvaZkha^Zgb_bmdj_ie_gb_hj]Zgh\ihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZ< ijbgyluogZwlhc Dhgn_j_gpbb^hdmf_glZo]h\hjblkyhlhfqlhdZ`^h_]hkm^Zjkl\h\ijZ\_kha^Z\ZlvlZdb_ kljmdlmjudhlhju_[m^mliheghklvxkhhl\_lkl\h\Zlv_]hihlj_[ghklyf 35. <ihke_^gb_^\Z]h^ZaZdhgh^Zl_evgu_bbkihegbl_evgu_hj]ZguJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Zm^_eyebhkh[h_\gbfZgb_\hijhkZfdZkZxsbfkykh[ex^_gbydhgklblmpbhgguo ijZ\bk\h[h^q_eh\_dZZlZd`_boaZsblukhklhjhgu]hkm^Zjkl\Z\kemqZ_gZjmr_gby Fh`ghkm\_j_gghklvxaZy\blvqlhijh\h^bfu_\kljZg_ijZ\h\Zybkm^_[gZyj_nhjfu gZp_e_gu\i_j\mxhq_j_^vgZmdj_ie_gb_km^_[ghcaZsbluijZ\q_eh\_dZ 36. 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K]h^Z\jZfdZoijZ\bl_evkl\Znmgdpbhgbjm_l>_iZjlZf_glih\hijhkZf gZpbhgZevguohlghr_gbcbbkihevah\Zgbyyaudh\klZlvyHkgh\gu_nmgdpbbwlh]h >_iZjlZf_glZaZdexqZxlky\ke_^mxs_f Z ihhsj_gbb]hkm^Zjkl\_gghciheblbdbgZijZ\e_gghcgZj_r_gb_ gZpbhgZevguoijh[e_f b) ij_^klZ\e_gbb\hj]ZgZo]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc\eZklbbgl_j_kh\dZdgZpbhgZevgh]h [hevrbgkl\ZlZdbkhkms_kl\mxsbokgbfgZpbhgZevguof_gvrbgkl\ c) h[_ki_q_gbbgZhkgh\_khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h^_ckl\mxs_]haZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z ijbf_g_gbyhnbpbZevgh]h]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hyaudZb^jm]boyaudh\jZkijhkljZg_gguogZ l_jjblhjbbkljZgu d) hdZaZgbbih^^_j`db^_yl_evghklbihmdj_ie_gbxklZlmkZwlgbq_kdbob dmevlmjguohj]ZgbaZpbckljZgu ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 15 e) kh^_ckl\bbhkms_kl\e_gbxijh]jZffihkhojZg_gbxgZpbhgZevghcdmevlmju kj_^bkhhl_q_kl\_ggbdh\ijh`b\ZxsboaZij_^_eZfbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Ziml_f hdZaZgbybfihfhsb\mklZgh\e_gbbk\ya_ckhk\h_cbklhjbq_kdhcjh^bghc 39. <_kghc ]h^Z\Dbrbg_\_khklhyeZkv\lhjZyF_`^mgZjh^gZydhgn_j_gpby hf[m^kf_gh\bmqj_`^_gbcihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZGZg_ch[km`^Zebkvijh[e_fukha^Zgby f_oZgbafh\aZsbluijZ\q_eh\_dZ\jZaebqguokljZgZoKZfnZdlijh\_^_gbyklhev ij_klb`gh]hnhjmfZ\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zkihkh[kl\h\Zemkdhj_gbxjZajZ[hldb aZdhghijh_dlZhf_oZgbaf_aZsbluijZ\q_eh\_dZ\kljZg_IjbjZajZ[hld_wlh]h aZdhghijh_dlZ[uemql_ghiuljy^Z_\jhi_ckdbokljZg 40. <hdly[j_]h^ZiZjeZf_glijbgyeAZdhghiZjeZf_glkdboZ^\hdZlZo < khhl\_lkl\bbkwlbfAZdhghfiZjeZf_glgZagZqbelj_oiZjeZf_glkdboZ^\hdZlh\ dhlhju_\f_kl_khk\hbfbkhljm^gbdZfbkhklZ\bebg_aZ\bkbfh_ijZ\h\h_mqj_`^_gb_P_gljihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZ-dhlhjucfh`_lhldju\Zlvhl^_e_gby\jZaebqguojZchgZo kljZgu>_yl_evghklvlZdboZ^\hdZlh\]ZjZglbjm_lkh[ex^_gb_dhgklblmpbhgguoijZ\b k\h[h^p_gljZevgufbbf_klgufbhj]ZgZfb\eZklbmqj_`^_gbyfbhj]ZgbaZpbyfbb dhfiZgbyfbkjZaebqgufbnhjfZfbkh[kl\_gghklbZlZd`_g_ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb:^\hdZlukh^_ckl\mxl\hkklZgh\e_gbxijZ\]jZ`^Zg mkh\_jr_gkl\h\ZgbxaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z\h[eZklbijZ\q_eh\_dZbih\ur_gbxmjh\gy ijZ\h\hcdmevlmjugZk_e_gby 41. <k\h_c^_yl_evghklbiZjeZf_glkdb_Z^\hdZlujmdh\h^kl\mxlkyDhgklblmpb_cb ^jm]bfbaZdhgZfbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z<k_h[s_c^_deZjZpb_cijZ\q_eh\_dZb^jm]bfb f_`^mgZjh^gufb^h]h\hjZfbklhjhghcdhlhjuoy\ey_lkyJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZHgb jZkkfZljb\ZxlihklmiZxsb_dgbf`Zeh[u]jZ`^ZgJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZbghkljZgguo ]jZ`^Zg\j_f_gghbebihklhygghijh`b\Zxsbo\kljZg_ZlZd`_ebp[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Z hlghkbl_evghgZjmr_gbyboaZdhgguoijZ\bbgl_j_kh\\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z IZjeZf_glkdb_Z^\hdZlufh]mlihk\h_ckh[kl\_gghcbgbpbZlb\_gZqZlvjZkke_^h\Zgb_ ^ey\uy\e_gbykemqZ_\gZjmr_gbyijZ\bk\h[h^q_eh\_dZ?kebnZdlgZjmr_gbyijZ\ aZy\bl_eymklZgh\e_gZ^\hdZlgZijZ\ey_lk\h_aZdexq_gb_\dhfi_l_glgucjmdh\h^ysbc hj]Zgbebmqj_`^_gb_khijh\h^b\_]hj_dhf_g^Zpbyfbhg_f_^e_gghf\hkklZgh\e_gbb gZjmr_gguoijZ\Djhf_lh]h^eyaZsblubgl_j_kh\]jZ`^Zghgfh`_lh[jZlblvky\km^ 42. GZhkgh\_aZdexq_gbykhklZ\e_ggh]hihblh]ZfjZkkfhlj_gby`Zeh[u]jZ`^ZgbgZ iZjeZf_glkdbcZ^\hdZlfh`_lij_^klZ\blviZjeZf_glmk\hbij_^eh`_gbyhlghkbl_evgh mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgby^_ckl\mxs_]haZdhgh^Zl_evkl\ZZ\kemqZ_dh]^Z\uy\e_gu k_jv_agu_gZjmr_gbydhgklblmpbhgguoijZ\bk\h[h^hgfh`_lij_^klZ\blvgZk_kkbb iZjeZf_glZkhhl\_lkl\mxsbc^hdeZ^bij_^eh`blvkha^ZlviZjeZf_glkdbcdhfbl_l^ey jZkkfhlj_gby\hagbdr_cijh[e_fu ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 16 43. IZjeZf_glkdb_Z^\hdZlubf_xlijZ\hh[jZlblvky\Dhgklblmpbhgguckm^k oh^ZlZckl\hfh\ug_k_gbbaZdexq_gbyhlghkbl_evghdhgklblmpbhgghklbghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\iZjeZf_glZij_ab^_glZbebijZ\bl_evkl\Zbkoh^ybabokhhl\_lkl\byh[sbf ijbgpbiZfbiheh`_gbyff_`^mgZjh^guo^hdmf_glh\ihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZ 44. ?`_]h^ghP_gljihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZij_^klZ\ey_liZjeZf_glm^hdeZ^hkh[ex^_gbb ijZ\q_eh\_dZ\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z<^hdeZ^_jZkkfZljb\Zxlkyl_kn_ju h[s_kl\_gguohlghr_gbc\dhlhjuo\uy\e_gugZb[he__k_jv_agu_gZjmr_gbyijZ\b k\h[h^q_eh\_dZijbqbgugZjmr_gbcZlZd`_f_juijbgylu_ihbomkljZg_gbx \hijhkumkh\_jr_gkl\h\ZgbyaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Zbih\ur_gbymjh\gyijZ\h\h]h ijhk\_s_gbygZk_e_gbyKh^_j`Zgb_^hdeZ^Z^h\h^blky^hk\_^_gby]jZ`^Zg ihkj_^kl\hf_]him[ebdZpbb\Monitorul OficialHnbpbZevguc\_klgbdJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Z 45. <khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c AZdhgZhiZjeZf_glkdboZ^\hdZlZoijbP_glj_ih ijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZ[uekha^Zgwdki_jlguckh\_lbaki_pbZebklh\\h[eZklb dhgklblmpbhgguoijZ\bk\h[h^q_eh\_dZp_evdhlhjh]h-ij_^hklZ\eylv dhgkmevlZpbhggu_mkem]bKh\_l\ujZ[Zlu\Z_lj_dhf_g^Zpbbhlghkbl_evghijh_dlh\ dZkZxsbokymkh\_jr_gkl\h\ZgbyaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z\h[eZklbijZ\q_eh\_dZZlZd`_ hlghkbl_evghbokhhl\_lkl\byf_`^mgZjh^gh-ijZ\h\uf^hdmf_glZfjZlbnbpbjh\Zgguf J_kim[ebdhcFhe^h\ZHgbgbpbbjm_lbjZajZ[Zlu\Z_lijh_dludZkZxsb_ky khljm^gbq_kl\Zkf_`^mgZjh^gufbijZ\haZsblgufbhj]ZgbaZpbyfbZdlb\gh \aZbfh^_ckl\mykhkj_^kl\ZfbfZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbbbg_ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb 46. <khhl\_lkl\bbk\ur_mihfygmlufAZdhghfP_gljhldjuek\hbhl^_e_gby\]hjh^Zo ;_evpubDhfjZl 47. >eyh[_ki_q_gby\uiheg_gbyk\hboh[yaZl_evkl\dZd]hkm^Zjkl\Z-mqZklgbdZ Dhg\_gpbbHj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcb^jm]bof_`^mgZjh^guodhg\_gpbcih ijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Zmqj_^beZGZpbhgZevgmxdhfbkkbxihkhpbZevguf \hijhkZf\h]eZ\_kh^gbfbaaZf_klbl_e_cij_fv_j-fbgbkljZ?_aZ^ZqZ-ih^]hlh\dZ i_j\hgZqZevguobi_jbh^bq_kdbo^hdeZ^h\J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZDZd]hkm^Zjkl\hmqZklgbddhg\_gpbcHj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcb^jm]bof_`^mgZjh^guo ^h]h\hjh\ihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Z^he`gZij_^klZ\eylv^hdeZ^u miheghfhq_gguff_`^mgZjh^gufhj]ZgZf\kjhdbij_^mkfhlj_ggu_wlbfbdhg\_gpbyfb b^h]h\hjZfbDjhf_lh]hDhfbkkbbihjmq_ghdhhj^bgbjh\Zlv^_yl_evghklvih ijZ\h\hfm\hkiblZgbxbijhk\_s_gbxgZk_e_gby\h[eZklbijZ\q_eh\_dZ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 17 48. <k\yabkwlbffu^h\h^bf^hk\_^_gbyHj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguoGZpbclhqlh \ur_mihfygmlZyDhfbkkbyg_ihemqZ_lgbdZdh]hnbgZgkbjh\Zgbyba\g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\<mkeh\byo]em[hdh]hwdhghfbq_kdh]hdjbabkZho\Zlb\r_]hkljZgmgZ ^ZgghfwlZi_i_j_oh^Zdjughqghcwdhghfbd_nbgZgkh\Zyih^^_j`dZlZdhc^_yl_evghklb khklhjhguf_`^mgZjh^guohj]Zgh\agZqbl_evghih\ukbeZ[uwnn_dlb\ghklv hkms_kl\e_gbyf_`^mgZjh^guodhg\_gpbcbijhp_kkZij_^klZ\e_gby^hdeZ^h\b[ueZ[u \ukhdhhp_g_gZijZ\bl_evkl\hfJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z 49. Ohl_ehkv[ulZd`_hlf_lblvqlh bxgy]h^Z\Dbrbg_\_ih^w]b^hc fbgbkl_jkl\ZbghkljZgguo^_eJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZGZpbhgZevgh]hp_gljZihijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZbDbrbg_\kdh]hhl^_e_gbyijh]jZffujZa\blbyHj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguo GZpbckhklhyeZkvi_j\ZygZpbhgZevgZydhgn_j_gpbyihijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZ<__jZ[hl_ ijbgyebmqZklb_ij_^klZ\bl_ebijZ\bl_evkl\ZiZjeZf_glZMijZ\e_gby^_eZfb ij_ab^_glZg_ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguohj]ZgbaZpbcmgb\_jkbl_lh\f_`^mgZjh^guo hj]ZgbaZpbcZlZd`_ij_^klZ\bl_eb^biehfZlbq_kdbofbkkbcZddj_^blh\Zgguo\ Dbrbg_\_Mkbebyfbq_luj_ojZ[hqbo]jmiidhgn_j_gpbb[ueZaZ\_jr_gZih^]hlh\dZ gZpbhgZevgh]h^hdeZ^ZJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZIjZ\Zq_eh\_dZgZimlbdmklhcqb\hfm jZa\blbxdhlhjucaZl_f[ueij_^klZ\e_ggZf_`^mgZjh^ghcdhgn_j_gpbb\Yel_ (1-4 k_gly[jy ]h^Z < BgnhjfZpbybijhiZ]Zg^Z H[sb_Zki_dlu 50. <J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z^_ckl\m_l^b\_jkbnbpbjh\ZggucbiexjZebklbq_kdbc bgnhjfZpbhggucjughdkhhl\_lkl\mxsbcjhebbiheh`_gbxkj_^kl\fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb\ijZ\h\hf]hkm^Zjkl\_Hlkj_^kl\fZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbblj_[m_lky \uihegylv\_kvdhfie_dknmgdpbck\yaZgguokkha^Zgb_fwnn_dlb\ghckbkl_fu h[s_kl\_ggh]hdhgljheyaZhj]ZgZfb\eZklb 51. Ij_kkZl_e_\b^_gb_bjZ^bhy\eyxlkyhkgh\gufbihevah\Zl_eyfbijZ\ZgZ bgnhjfZpbxWlbh[s_kl\_ggu_nmgdpbbgZeZ]ZxlgZkj_^kl\ZfZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbb lZdb_`_dZdbm]hkm^Zjkl\Zh[yaZgghklbm\Z`Zlvb]ZjZglbjh\Zlvkh[ex^_gb_ hkgh\guoijZ\q_eh\_dZbk\h[h^IjZ\h]jZ`^ZgbgZgZihemq_gb_bgnhjfZpbbbgZ k\h[h^guc^hklmidh[s_kl\_gghcbgnhjfZpbbg_hl^_ebfhhl^_fhdjZlbq_kdbob^_Zeh\ K_]h^gy]jZ`^Zg_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zg_qm\kl\mxlk_[ybahebjh\Zggufbb ^_ahjb_glbjh\ZggufbdZdwlh[uehijbkh\_lkdhfj_`bf_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 18 52. IjZ\hgZbgnhjfZpbx-h^ghbahkgh\guoijZ\q_eh\_dZhij_^_eyxs___]h khpbZevgmxwdhghfbq_kdmxbiheblbq_kdmxkihkh[ghklvhkms_kl\eylvk\h[h^u aZdj_ie_ggu_\Dhgklblmpbb\dexqZyk\h[h^mfukebfg_gbyl\hjq_kl\Zk\h[h^gh]hb im[ebqgh]h\ujZ`_gbym[_`^_gbcbliHghij_^iheZ]Z_llZd`_\hafh`ghklv ihemq_gbybgnhjfZpbbhkhpbZevghciheblbq_kdhcwdhghfbq_kdhcgZmqghcb dmevlmjghc`bagbbl^ 53. G_khfg_ggh]h\hjyhkj_^kl\ZofZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbbg_evayg_aZljhgmlv\hijhk h^hklmi_dbgnhjfZpbbLZdb_ihgylbydZdk\h[h^guc^hklmidbgnhjfZpbbbijZ\h gZbgnhjfZpbx\h\k_[hevr_ckl_i_gbmdhj_gyxlky\khagZgbb]jZ`^Zg 54. GZjy^mkwlbfijboh^blkyijbagZlvqlh\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zh[jZafure_gby g_dhlhjuokhpbZevguokeh_\g_^hklZlhqghk\h[h^_g^eylh]hqlh[uklbfmebjh\Zlv j_rbl_evghklvbgZklhcqb\hklv\ihemq_gbbh[s_kl\_gghcbgnhjfZpbb<kbemwlh]h keh`ghih[m^blvwlbkehbdbkihevah\ZgbxlZdhcbgnhjfZpbb^eyp_e_cmqZklby\ h[s_kl\_gghc^_yl_evghklbhldhlhjhcaZ\bkblkZfhbokms_kl\h\Zgb_Wlh-ijhp_kk ihklhygguobaf_g_gbc<wlhck\yabfh`ghkm\_j_gghklvxml\_j`^Zlvqlhihke_ ijbgylby>_deZjZpbbhg_aZ\bkbfhklb\hafh`ghklbh[s_kl\ZihdhgljhexaZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufbmqj_`^_gbyfbaZ\bkysb_hllh]h\dZdhcf_j_h[s_kl\_ggh_fg_gb_ hk\_^hfe_ghhkmlbbo^_yl_evghklbbj_r_gbcihklhygghjZkrbjyxlky 55. 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H[s_kl\h\p_ehfg_fh`_lg_ijb\_lkl\h\Zlvlhqgmxih^jh[gmxb^hklmigmx bgnhjfZpbxhl_g^_gpbyobj_Zevghklyokh\j_f_ggh]hbgnhjfZpbhggh]hh[s_kl\Z y\eyxs_]hkyg_hlt_fe_fhcq_jlhc\k_oijhqguo^_fhdjZlbq_kdboj_`bfh\ < gZklhys__\j_fyfh`ghkm\_j_gghklvxml\_j`^ZlvqlhJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Z\k_[he__ Zdlb\ghbgl_]jbjm_lky\ijhkljZgkl\hhkgh\Zggh_gZijbgpbiZok\h[h^gh]h ij_^hklZ\e_gbybgnhjfZpbb__h[jZs_gbybihemq_gbyZlZd`_^hklmiZdg_c\ mkeh\byom\Z`_gby^jm]bohkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbop_gghkl_c ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 19 58. Dkh`Ze_gbx\\hklhqghcqZklbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zdhgljhebjm_fhc lbjZkihevkdbfk_iZjZlbklkdbfj_`bfhfkj_^kl\ZfZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbbnmgdpbhgbjmxl g_lZddZdgZhklZevghcl_jjblhjbbkljZguIjZ\hgZ\ujZ`_gb_fg_gbyb^hklmid bgnhjfZpbbh[_ki_q_gulZfg_klhevgZ^_`gh:glbdhgklblmpbhggu_\eZklbwlh]h j_]bhgZZdlb\ghih^Z\eyxlkj_^kl\ZfZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbbhldZau\Zxsb_kyijh\h^blv iheblbdmk_iZjZlbklkdh]hj_`bfZLZfg_lgbh^ghciheblbq_kdhciZjlbbbeb]Za_lu dhlhjZygZoh^beZkv[u\hldjulhchiihabpbbj_`bfmJZkijhkljZg_gb_gZpbhgZevguo ba^Zgbc\wlhfj_]bhg_djZcg_aZljm^g_ghK\h[h^gh_h[jZs_gb_bgnhjfZpbbklZg_l \hafh`gufebrvihke_hdhgqZl_evgh]hmj_]mebjh\Zgbyijb^g_kljh\kdh]hdhgnebdlZ \u\h^ZJhkkbckdhcN_^_jZpb_ck\hbo\hckdb\hhjm`_gbcbmdj_ie_gbyg_aZ\bkbfhklbb km\_j_gbl_lZgZr_]h]hkm^Zjkl\Z Kms_kl\mxsZyijZ\h\Zy[ZaZb__ljZgknhjfZpby 59. n_\jZey ]h^ZiZjeZf_glJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zijbgye ihklZgh\e_gb_ 277-OIVHdhgp_ipbb]hkm^Zjkl\_gghcih^^_j`dbbihhsj_gby kj_^kl\fZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbb\-]h^Zoijh_dldhlhjh]h[ueij_^klZ\e_g Khxahf`mjgZebklh\J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZhoZjZdl_jbah\Z\__dZdrZ]\i_j_^gZimlb mdj_ie_gby]hkm^Zjkl\hfk\h[h^ubg_aZ\bkbfhklbkj_^kl\fZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbb\ kljZg_<jZfdZojZa^_eZAZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hmdZaZgghcdhgp_ipbbiZjeZf_gl ijZ\bl_evkl\hb]jZ`^Zgkdh_h[s_kl\h\dexqZy\qZklghklbKhxa`mjgZebklh\ ^hklb]eb\aZbfgh]hkh]eZkbybl_i_jvbfij_^klhbl\ujZ[hlZlvbijbgylviZd_l ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\gZijZ\e_gguogZh[_ki_q_gb_ijh\_^_gby\`bagv\Z`ghc gZpbhgZevghciheblbdb\wlhch[eZklb 60. <gZklhys__\j_fyiZjeZf_glhkms_kl\ey_li_j_kfhljAZdhgZhij_kk_ijbgyluc\ ]h^mDjhf_lh]hfZy ]h^ZijbgylAZdhg-OIVh^hklmi_d bgnhjfZpbbHnbpbZevgu_\_^hfhklbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z ]h^ 88-90, jZa^_e QlhdZkZ_lkyAZdhgZh[hj]ZgbaZpbbbnmgdpbhgbjh\ZgbbjZ^bh\_sZgby\ J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zlhhgm`_gZoh^blkygZh[km`^_gbb\iZjeZf_gl_<\b^_ hl^_evgh]hjZa^_eZ\wlhlaZdhg\hc^_lAZdhgh]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfZm^bh\bamZevghfhj]Zg_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 20 III. 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Ihfg_gbxDbrbg_\Zmj_]mebjh\Zgb_ijb^g_kljh\kdh]hdhgnebdlZ^he`gh \dexqZlvke_^mxsb_ljbdhgdj_lguowe_f_glZdhlhju_^he`gu[ulvijbgylu iZd_lhfhkh[ucklZlmk^Zggh]hj_]bhgZ\jZfdZoJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z\ujZ[hldZf_j ihhkms_kl\e_gbxmj_]mebjh\Zgbybh[_ki_q_gbxkh[ex^_gby_]hiheh`_gbcb kha^Zgb_gh\uokbe^eyih^^_j`ZgbyfbjZkfZg^ZlhfH;K?H^gZdhk_iZjZlbklu \uklmiZxlaZkhxa^\mokm\_j_gguo]hkm^Zjkl\aZdj_ie_gguc\jy^_^\mklhjhggbo kh]eZr_gbcIhfg_gbxk_iZjZlbklkdboeb^_jh\_^bgh_]hkm^Zjkl\h^he`ghkhklhylv ba^\mojZ\ghijZ\guokm\_j_gguo]hkm^Zjkl\_gguoh[jZah\ZgbcIj_^eh`_gguc ijb^g_kljh\kdhcklhjhghcijh_dlkh]eZr_gbyij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hclbibqguc^hdmf_gl hij_^_eyxsbchlghr_gbyf_`^m^\mfykm[t_dlZfbf_`^mgZjh^gh]hijZ\Zb g_khfg_gghy\ey_lkyg_ijb_fe_fuf^ey\eZkl_cJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z 80. <>_deZjZpbbKlZf[mevkdh]hkZffblZH;K?\dZq_kl\_h^gh]hba\ZjbZglh\ ij_^eZ]Z_lky\ujZ[hlZlvklZlmkIjb^g_kljh\vygZhkgh\_khojZg_gbykm\_j_gbl_lZb m\Z`_gbyl_jjblhjbZevghcp_ehklghklbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z<g_fdklhjhgZfb\ hkh[_gghklbdlbjZkihevkdhcZ^fbgbkljZpbb\gh\v[ueh[jZs_gijbau\ijhy\blvk\hx iheblbq_kdmx\hex^eyihbkdZgZi_j_]h\hjZoiml_chdhgqZl_evgh]hmkljZg_gby ihke_^kl\bcdhgnebdlZ 81. <oh^_i_j_]h\hjh\\eZklbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zk^_eZeb^hklZlhqghmklmihd H^gZdh\kydbcjZa]b[dZyiheblbdZ^h[jZy\heyb^modhfijhfbkkZijhy\ey_fu_ Dbrbg_\hfgZlZedb\ZebkvgZg_ijbfbjbfhklvk_iZjZlbklkdboeb^_jh\J_rZxs__ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 25 \ebygb_gZwdklj_fbklkdh_ih\_^_gb_lbjZkihevkdboeb^_jh\hdZau\Z_lijbkmlkl\b_\ Ijb^g_kljh\v_jhkkbckdbo\hckdWlhijhlb\hj_qblDhgklblmpbbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z kh]eZkghdhlhjhcJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Zg_^himkdZ_ljZaf_s_gbygZk\h_cl_jjblhjbb \hhjm`_gguokbe^jm]bo]hkm^Zjkl\imgdlklZlvbDhgklblmpbb<khhl\_lkl\bbk ^hdmf_glZfbKlZf[mevkdh]hkZffblZH;K?bAZdexqbl_evgufZdlhfDhgn_j_gpbb ]hkm^Zjkl\-mqZklgbdh\>h]h\hjZh[h[uqguo\hhjm`_gguokbeZo\?\jhi_JhkkbckdZy N_^_jZpbyh[yaZgZ\u\_klbbmgbqlh`blvk\hbh]jZgbqb\Z_fu_>h]h\hjhf\hhjm`_gbyb l_ogbdmddhgpm ]h^Zbiheghklvx\u\_klbk\hb\hckdZkl_jjblhjbbJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Zddhgpm ]h^ZKe_^m_lhlf_lblvqlhj_r_gbyKlZf[mevkdh]hkZffblZ hlghkbl_evgh\u\h^Zjhkkbckdbo\hckdb\hhjm`_gbckl_jjblhjbbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z g_[uebm\yaZgukiheblbq_kdbfmj_]mebjh\Zgb_fdhgnebdlZG_kfhljygZ\aylu_ h[yaZl_evkl\Zijhp_kkaZklhihjbekyihijbqbg_hlkmlkl\bymJhkkbckdhcN_^_jZpbb l\_j^hciheblbq_kdhc\hebDjhf_lh]hwdklj_fbaflbjZkihevkdboeb^_jh\ihklhyggh ih^h]j_\Z_lky\ebyl_evgufbjhkkbckdbfbiheblbq_kdbfbbwdhghfbq_kdbfbkbeZfb\ hkh[_gghklb=hkm^Zjkl\_gghc^mfhcJhkkbckdhcN_^_jZpbbFhkdh\kdb_hnbpbZevgu_ ebpZ\u^\bgmebmkeh\b_hkbgojhgbaZpbb\u\h^Zjhkkbckdbo\hckdkmj_]mebjh\Zgb_f ijb^g_kljh\kdh]hdhgnebdlZWlZhnbpbZevgZyihabpby[ueZbaeh`_gZ\aZy\e_gbb =hkm^Zjkl\_gghc^mfuhl ghy[jy ]h^ZZlZd`_\aZy\e_gbbhnbpbZevgh]h ij_^klZ\bl_eyFbgbkl_jkl\ZbghkljZgguo^_eJhkkbckdhcN_^_jZpbbhl ^_dZ[jy 1999 ]h^Z 82. 10 ^_dZ[jy ]h^Z\kZfhijh\ha]eZr_gghcFhe^Z\kdhcIjb^g_kljh\kdhc J_kim[ebd_ijhreb\u[hju\<_joh\gucKh\_l<LbjZkihev\dZq_kl\_gZ[ex^Zl_e_c ijb[uebiylv^_imlZlh\=hkm^Zjkl\_gghc^mfuJhkkbckdhcN_^_jZpbbGZij_kkdhgn_j_gpbb^_imlZl=_hj]bcLbohgh\aZy\beqlh=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy^mfZkha^ZeZ Dhfbl_lihmj_]mebjh\Zgbxijb^g_kljh\kdh]hdhgnebdlZIhabpbywlh]hDhfbl_lZ hlebqZeZkvhlihabpbbdhfbl_lZij_ab^_glZImlbgZHglZd`_aZy\beqlhj_r_gb_ KlZf[mevkdh]hkZffblZH;K?h\u\h^_jhkkbckdbo\hckdb\hhjm`_gbcba Ijb^g_kljh\vyddhgpm ]h^Zg_bf__lgbdZdhcxjb^bq_kdhckbeuihkdhevdmhghg_ [uehjZlbnbpbjh\Zgh=hkm^Zjkl\_gghc^mfhc 83. 19 ^_dZ[jy ]h^Z -lj_lbc]h^ih^jy^ -=_g_jZevgZy:kkZf[e_yHj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcijbgyeZj_ahexpbxhaZ]eZ\e_ggmxKhljm^gbq_kl\hf_`^m Hj]ZgbaZpb_cH[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcbHj]ZgbaZpb_cih[_ahiZkghklbbkhljm^gbq_kl\m\ ?\jhi_\dhlhjhckh^_j`Zekyke_^mxsbcimgdldZkZxsbckyJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Z=_g_jZevgZy:kkZf[e_y«iheghklvxih^^_j`b\Z_lmkbebyHj]ZgbaZpbbih [_ahiZkghklbbkhljm^gbq_kl\m\?\jhi_gZijZ\e_ggu_gZmj_]mebjh\Zgb_ijh[e_f\ Ijb^g_kljh\kdhfjZchg_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZgZihfbgZ_lh[h[yaZl_evkl\_Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbbaZ\_jrblv\u\h^jhkkbckdbokbekl_jjblhjbbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zddhgpm ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 26 2002 ]h^ZdZdwlh[uehkh]eZkh\Zgh\oh^_KlZf[mevkdh]hkZffblZbijb\_lkl\m_l ]hlh\ghklvHj]ZgbaZpbbih[_ahiZkghklbbkhljm^gbq_kl\m\?\jhi_\f_kl_k J_kim[ebdhcFhe^h\Zkh^_ckl\h\ZlvaZ\_jr_gbxwlh]hijhp_kkZ\jZfdZok\hbo khhl\_lkl\mxsbo\hafh`ghkl_c\kh]eZkh\Zggu_kjhdbimgdl 84. 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Kh[kl\_gghklv\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zfh`_l[ulvim[ebqghcbqZklghchgZ khklhblbafZl_jbZevguobbgl_ee_dlmZevguop_gghkl_cHkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbfb nZdlhjZfbwdhghfbdby\eyxlkyjughdk\h[h^gZywdhghfbq_kdZybgbpbZlb\Zb ^h[jhkh\_klgZydhgdmj_gpbyIjZ\hgZkh[kl\_gghklvg_fh`_l[ulvbkihevah\Zgh\ ms_j[ijZ\Zfk\h[h^Zfb^hklhbgkl\mq_eh\_dZklZlvy Dhgklblmpbb 89. =hkm^Zjkl\h^he`ghh[_ki_qb\Zlvk\h[h^mlhj]h\ebbij_^ijbgbfZl_evkdhc ^_yl_evghklbaZsblm^h[jhkh\_klghcdhgdmj_gpbbkha^Zgb_[eZ]hijbylguomkeh\bc^ey ijhba\h^kl\Zbklbfmebjh\Zgb_gZmqguobkke_^h\ZgbcjZpbhgZevgh_bkihevah\Zgb_ a_febb^jm]boijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\\hkklZgh\e_gb_bhojZgmhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ub g_ijbdhkgh\_gghklvbg\_klbpbcnbabq_kdbobxjb^bq_kdboebpklZlvy 126 Dhgklblmpbb<imgdl_ klZlvb Dhgklblmpbb]h\hjblkyqlhim[ebqgZy kh[kl\_gghklvijbgZ^e_`bl]hkm^Zjkl\mbebZ^fbgbkljZlb\gh-l_jjblhjbZevguf _^bgbpZf<k_[h]Zlkl\Zg_^j\ha^mrgh_ijhkljZgkl\h\h^ube_kZbkihevam_fu_\ h[s_kl\_gguobgl_j_kZoijbjh^gu_j_kmjkuwdhghfbq_kdhcahgubdhglbg_glZevgh]h r_evnZy\eyxlkyh[t_dlZfbbkdexqbl_evghim[ebqghckh[kl\_gghklb 90. 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IZjeZf_glbf__lijZ\hml\_j`^Zlvhkgh\gu_gZijZ\e_gby\g_rg_wdhghfbq_kdhc ^_yl_evghklbbkoh^ybaijbgpbiZ\aZbfghcaZbgl_j_kh\Zgghklbbiheh`_gbc f_`^mgZjh^gh]hijZ\ZklZlvy DhgklblmpbbGZpbhgZevgh_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h j_]mebjmxs__bkihevah\Zgb_ijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\AZdhgh[hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u klZlvy bAZdhghijbjh^guoj_kmjkZoimgdl klZlvb mklZgZ\eb\Z_l ijhp_^mjubkihevah\ZgbyhojZgub\hkijhba\h^kl\Zijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\\p_eyo h[_ki_q_gbymklhcqb\h]hjZa\blbykljZguAZdhghijbjh^guoj_kmjkZo]eZkblqlh ijbjh^gu_j_kmjkufh]mlbkihevah\Zlvky\dZq_kl\_kj_^kl\ljm^Zbklhqgbdh\wg_j]bb kujvybebg_ihkj_^kl\_ggh\dZq_kl\_ij_^f_lh\ihlj_[e_gbybeb\j_dj_Zpbhgguo p_eyodZd[Zgd]_g_lbq_kdh]hnhg^ZbebbklhqgbdbgnhjfZpbbh[hdjm`Zxs_ffbj_ imgdl klZlvb 92. 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Kh]eZkghimgdlm 2 klZlvb AZdhgZh[hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uijZ\h jZkihjy`_gby\k_fbijbjh^gufbj_kmjkZfbijbgZ^e_`bliZjeZf_glm>ZggucAZdhg hij_^_ey_lijZ\Zbh[yaZgghklbnbabq_kdbobxjb^bq_kdboebp\h[eZklbbkihevah\Zgby bhojZguhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ubijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\bkhojZg_gby[bhjZaghh[jZaby \h^guoj_kmjkh\bZd\Zlbq_kdbowdhkbkl_fbj_]mebjm_l\hijhkubkihevah\Zgbyb m^Ze_gbyijhba\h^kl\_gguohloh^h\lhdkbqguo\_s_kl\fbg_jZevguom^h[j_gbcb i_klbpb^h\ZlZd`_\hijhkuhl\_lkl\_gghklbaZgZjmr_gb_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z\wlhc h[eZklb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 29 94. GZagZq_gguc=eZ\guc]hkm^Zjkl\_ggucbgki_dlhjkj_^uklZlvb 26-29) hkms_kl\ey_l]hkm^Zjkl\_ggucdhgljhevaZkh[ex^_gb_faZdhgh\b^jm]boghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\ih\hijhkZfhojZgukj_^ubbkihevah\Zgbyijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\ 95. <hijhkudZkZxsb_kykh[kl\_gghklbbbkihevah\Zgbyim[ebqguoijbjh^guo j_kmjkh\hklZxlky\\_^_gbbijZ\bl_evkl\Zbj_rZxlkyhl\_lkl\_ggufb\_^hfkl\Zfbb f_klgufbhj]ZgZfb]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc\eZklb>eyih^^_j`Zgbyihl_gpbZeZijbjh^guo j_kmjkh\gZgZ^e_`Zs_fmjh\g_]hkm^Zjkl\hmklZgZ\eb\Z_lfbgbfZevgmxijhp_glgmx ^hex\Zeh\h]h\gmlj_gg_]hijh^mdlZdhlhjZy[m^_ljZkoh^h\ZlvkygZp_eb \hkklZgh\e_gbybhojZguhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u LZ[ebpZ Hkgh\gu_ihdZaZl_ebhk\h_gbyijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\bhojZgu hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u]h^ IhdZaZl_eb DZiblZeh\eh`_gby gZ p_eb hojZgu hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u \ lhf qbke_ ba [x^`_lZ IeZlZ aZ wdkiemZlZpbx g_^j b ijbjh^guo j_kmjkh\ \ lhf qbke_ aZ \h^m aZ fbg_jZevgu_ j_kmjku IeZlZ aZ ij_^hl\jZs_gb_ aZ]jyag_gby hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u Kljhbl_evkl\h ijhlb\hwjhabhgguo khhjm`_gbc Mdj_ie_gb_ ijhkZ^hqgh]h ]jmglZ <hkklZgh\e_gb_ iZohlguo a_f_ev Ihlj_[e_gb_ \h^u \ lhf qbke_ \ ijhba\h^kl\_gguo p_eyo G_^hhqbs_ggu_ hklZlhqgu_ klhqgu_ \h^u Dhebq_kl\h hiZkguo \_s_kl\ \u[jhr_gguo \ Zlfhkn_jm klZpbhgZjgufb bklhqgbdZfb Kha^Zgb_ e_khgZkZ`^_gbc Kha^Zgb_ ihe_aZsblguo e_kguo ihehk ?^bgbpZ baf_j_gby luk e__\ luk e__\ luk e__\ ]h^ ]h^ 4 289 3 617 10 338 5 893 4 265 10 330 luk e__\ luk e__\ luk e__\ luk e__\ ]Z ]Z feg f3 10 000 338 338 1 742 3,8 20,5 1 176 10 000 330 1 000 2 700 4 21 920 feg f3 feg f3 luk lhgg 767 12 30,5 590 10 20,4 ]Z ]Z 1 100 400 1 000 300 96. AZgZjmr_gb_aZdhgh\hijbjh^guoj_kmjkZobhojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZmklZgZ\eb\Z_l]jZ`^ZgkdmxZ^fbgbkljZlb\gmxb m]heh\gmxhl\_lkl\_gghklv 97. Kh]eZkghklZlv_=jZ`^Zgkdh]hdh^_dkZdh^_dkuaZdhgub^jm]b_ghjfZlb\gu_ Zdlu\wlhch[eZklbh[_ki_qb\ZxlhojZgma_febe_kh\b\h^guoj_kmjkh\Dh^_dkh[ Z^fbgbkljZlb\guoijZ\hgZjmr_gbyomklZgZ\eb\Z_lhl\_lkl\_gghklvaZaZ]jyag_gb_ a_f_evk_evkdhohayckl\_ggh]hbbgh]hgZagZq_gbyihjqmieh^hjh^gh]hkehyihq\ub g_ijbgylb_f_jihij_^hl\jZs_gbxwjhabbihq\jZaf_s_gb_kljhbl_evkl\hb\\h^\ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 30 wdkiemZlZpbxh[t_dlh\aZ]jyagyxsboihq\mbgZjmr_gb_ijZ\bemq_lZojZg_gbyb ijbf_g_gbyjZ^bhZdlb\guo[bheh]bq_kdboobfbq_kdbob^jm]bo\_s_kl\ klZlvb 52 b 53). 98. >\Z^pZlvq_l\_jlh]hfZjlZ ]h^Z[ueijbgylM]heh\gucdh^_dk<]eZ\_ 6, haZ]eZ\e_gghcOhayckl\_ggu_ij_klmie_gbyklZlvb 166-bmklZgZ\eb\Zxlky jZaebqgu_\b^ugZdZaZgbyaZmfure_ggh_bebg_hklhjh`gh_mgbqlh`_gb_beb ih\j_`^_gb_e_kguofZkkb\h\g_aZdhggmxhohlmg_aZdhggh_aZgylb_ju[gufbeb ^jm]bfb\h^gufb^h[u\ZxsbfbijhfukeZfbgZjmr_gb_ijZ\beih[hjv[_k \j_^bl_eyfbb[he_agyfbjZkl_gbc 99. Kh]eZkgh^_ckl\mxs_fmaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\m=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZywdheh]bq_kdZy bgki_dpbyy\eyxsZykyh^gbfbahj]Zgh\fbgbkl_jkl\Zhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ub h[mkljhckl\Zl_jjblhjbbijba\ZgZhkms_kl\eylvdhgljhevaZkh[ex^_gb_faZdhgh\b ij_^hl\jZsZlvb\uy\eylvijZ\hgZjmr_gby\wlhch[eZklb< ]h^m_x[ueh ijhbgki_dlbjh\ZghjZaebqguoij_^ijbylbcbkhklZ\e_gh aZdexq_gby gZeh`_ghrljZnh\gZkmffm e_yb\uibkZghhj^_jh\gZ\haf_s_gb_ms_j[ZgZ kmffm e__\ 100. Ihq\ubf_xlhkh[h_wdhghfbq_kdh_agZq_gb_^eyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZGZb[he__ jZkijhkljZg_gguf\b^hfihq\y\eyxlkyq_jgha_fugZ^hexdhlhjuoijboh^blky \k_oa_f_ev<ihke_^gb_ljb^_kylbe_lbyiehsZ^vk_evkdhohayckl\_gguoa_f_ev kms_kl\_gghkhdjZlbeZkvihijbqbg_jhklZgZk_e_gbykljhbl_evkl\Zmj[ZgbaZpbbbl^ Mf_gvrbeZkviehsZ^viZohlguoa_f_evk_ghdhkguom]h^bcbiZkl[bs 101. Ijbjh^gu_wdhkbkl_fuaZgbfZxlebrvl_jjblhjbbijbq_flZdb_wdhkbkl_fu gZjmr_gubbokhklhygb_mom^rZ_lkyE_kZihdju\Zxlebrvl_jjblhjbb Ijbf_jghh^gZlj_lve_kh\[ueZihkZ`_gZ\ihke_^gb_-50 e_lKh]eZkgh klZlbklbq_kdbf^Zggufijbf_jghh^gmiylmxqZklve_kh\_`_]h^ghihjZ`Zxl\j_^bl_eb b[he_agbJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Zg_bf__lfbg_jZevguoj_kmjkh\dhlhju_fh`gh[ueh [ujZajZ[Zlu\Zlv\ijhfure_gguofZkrlZ[ZoH[gZjm`_gubjZa\_^Zguf_klhjh`^_gby jy^Zg_f_lZeebq_kdbojm^K_jv_agmxhiZkghklv^eyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zij_^klZ\eyxl a_fe_ljyk_gbygZ\h^g_gbyrbjhdhfZkrlZ[gZywjhabyihq\bih\ur_gb_mjh\gy\h^u\ ]hjh^kdbojZchgZo 102. =hkm^Zjkl\h]ZjZglbjm_lmqZklb_ex^_c\ijhp_kk_ijbgylbyj_r_gbchlghkbl_evgh bkihevah\Zgbyijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\ZlZd`_\hkms_kl\e_gbbh[s_kl\_ggh]hdhgljheyaZ l_fdZdnbabq_kdb_bxjb^bq_kdb_ebpZkh[ex^ZxlaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h\h[eZklbhojZgu ijbjh^ugZhkgh\_rbjhdh]hbgnhjfbjh\ZgbygZk_e_gbybh[_ki_q_gby^hklmiZd ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 31 bgnhjfZpbbdZkZxs_ckyh[s_kl\_gguo^_eklZlvb bDhgklblmpbb klZlvy 29 AZdhgZhijbjh^guoj_kmjkZoAZdhgh^hklmi_dbgnhjfZpbbhl fZy 2000 ]h^ZJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZjZlbnbpbjh\ZeZHjomkkdmxdhg\_gpbxh^hklmi_d bgnhjfZpbbmqZklbbh[s_kl\_gghklb\ijhp_kk_ijbgylbyj_r_gbcb^hklmi_d ijZ\hkm^bxih\hijhkZfdZkZxsbfkyhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u 103. <\b^mlh]hqlh^hkboihjg_\hkklZgh\e_gZl_jjblhjbZevgZyijZ\h\Zyb wdhghfbq_kdZyp_ehklghklvJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZdjZcg_keh`ghh[_ki_qblv wnn_dlb\gh_bkihevah\Zgb_bkhojZg_gb_ijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\hojZgmhdjm`Zxs_c kj_^ubdZdke_^kl\b_ijbf_g_gb_f_oZgbafh\jZpbhgZevgh]hmijZ\e_gbyhdjm`Zxs_c kj_^hc 104. 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Kfhf_glZijbgylby>_deZjZpbbhg_aZ\bkbfhklbJ_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zm^Zehkv kha^ZlvlZdb_aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_jZfdb^eyh[_ki_q_gbywdhghfbq_kdh]hkhpbZevgh]hb dmevlmjgh]hjZa\blbykljZgudhlhju_\p_ehfkhhl\_lkl\mxlh[s_ijbagZgguf klZg^ZjlZfH^gbfbbai_j\uoghjfZlb\guoZdlh\aZeh`b\rbohkgh\m^eyi_j_\h^Z gZpbhgZevghcwdhghfbdbgZjughqgu_j_evkuy\bebkvihklZgh\e_gb_iZjeZf_glZ H dhgp_ipbbi_j_oh^Zdjughqghcwdhghfbd_ ]h^bIjh]jZffZi_j_oh^Zd jughqghcwdhghfbd_\Fhe^h\_ ]h^<kdhj_ihke_wlh]h\ukrbcaZdhgh^Zl_evguc hj]ZgijbgyeAZdhghkh[kl\_gghklbAZdhghijb\ZlbaZpbbA_f_evgucdh^_dkb^jm]b_ ghjfZlb\gu_Zdlu<k_wlh[uehgZijZ\e_ghgZijh\_^_gb_j_nhjf\hfgh]boh[eZklyok hkh[ufmihjhfgZdhff_jq_kdbcZ]jZjgucbZ]jZjgh-ijhfure_gguck_dlhjZ\p_eyo klZ[bebaZpbbfZdjhwdhghfbdbbih\ur_gby`bag_ggh]hmjh\gygZk_e_gby 108. <gZklhys__\j_fyb^_lijhp_kkfZkkh\hcijb\ZlbaZpbbGZqZehkvjZkij_^_e_gb_ a_f_evkj_^bn_jf_jh\<\_^_gZ\h[hjhlgZpbhgZevgZy\ZexlZB^_lijhp_kk eb[_jZebaZpbbjugdZblhj]h\ebkha^Zxlkyih^jy^gu_hj]ZgbaZpbbIjZ\bl_evkl\h\ khljm^gbq_kl\_kF_`^mgZjh^guf\Zexlgufnhg^hfb<k_fbjguf[ZgdhfjZajZ[hlZeh i_j\mxkh^_j`Zl_evgmxijh]jZffmklZ[bebaZpbbwdhghfbdb\i_j_oh^guci_jbh^ gZijZ\e_ggmxgZZdlb\baZpbxij_^ijbgbfZl_evkdhc^_yl_evghklbb ij_^mkfZljb\Zxsmxkha^Zgb_\k_og_h[oh^bfuomkeh\bc^eyfZdjhwdhghfbq_kdhc klZ[bebaZpbbeb[_jZebaZpbbp_gblhj]h\ebh[_ki_q_gbyijhqguobgZ^_`guo ijZ\h\uojZfhd\wlhch[eZklbi_j_^ZqbZdlb\h\ba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h\qZklguck_dlhj ijb^ZgbybfimevkZnhjfbjh\ZgbxnbgZgkh\h]hk_dlhjZAZl_f\dZq_kl\_^he]hkjhqghc kljZl_]bbjZa\blbykljZguijZ\bl_evkl\hJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZijbgyehKljZl_]bq_kdb_ gZijZ\e_gbykhpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdh]hjZa\blbyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZgZi_jbh^^h 2005 ]h^Zghy[jv ]h^Z ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 33 109. <^_dZ[j_ ]h^ZKh\_lgZpbhgZevghc[_ahiZkghklbijbgy\\h\gbfZgb_ keh`b\r__kydjblbq_kdh_iheh`_gb_aZgyekyijh[e_fhcmdj_ie_gbywdhghfbq_kdhcb khpbZevghc[_ahiZkghklbkljZguHghij_^_ebem]jhauh[mkeh\e_ggu_\gmlj_ggbf iheh`_gb_fZbf_gghihke_^kl\byfbi_j_oh^Zdjughqghcwdhghfbd_dhgkheb^Zpb_c ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc\eZklbhlkmlkl\b_fkhpbZevgh]hjZ\gh\_kbyg_aZ\_jr_gghklvx ijhp_kkh\nhjfbjh\Zgby]jZ`^Zgkdh]hh[s_kl\ZZlZd`_\g_rg_iheblbq_kdhc kblmZpb_c\qZklghklbm\_ebq_gb_fb[_alh]h[hevrh]h\g_rg_]h^he]ZbaZ\bkbfhklvx hlbfihjlZwe_dljhwg_j]bb< k\yabkwlbfijbih^^_j`d_hl^_e_gbyIJHHG\Fhe^h\_ [ueZ\ujZ[hlZgZGZpbhgZevgZykljZl_]bymklhcqb\h]hjZa\blbyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z < wlhf^hdmf_gl_hljZ`_guijbgpbiuJbh-^_-@Zg_cjkdhc^_deZjZpbbbhkgh\ghcmihj k^_eZggZZdlb\baZpbxmkbebcihih\ur_gbxdZq_kl\Z`bagbgug_rg_]hihdhe_gby[_a ms_j[Z^ey\hafh`ghklbm^h\e_l\hj_gbyebqguoihlj_[ghkl_c[m^msbfbihdhe_gbyfb < kljZl_]bb[uebhij_^_e_guke_^mxsb_p_eb Z h[_ki_q_gb_[eZ]hkhklhygbya^jZ\hhojZg_gbybh[jZah\Zgbykmq_lhf g_h[oh^bfhklbkhojZg_gbyb\hkijhba\h^kl\Zijbjh^guoj_kmjkh\ZlZd`_[_ahiZkghklb [m^msboihdhe_gbc b) kha^Zgb_dhgdmj_glhkihkh[gh]hihl_gpbZeZ^ey\hah[gh\e_gbybklZ[bebaZpbb wdhghfbq_kdh]hjhklZbmklhcqb\h]hjZa\blbyq_eh\_dZ k h[_ki_q_gb_^hklhcgh]hmjh\gy`bagb d) gZdhie_gb_q_eh\_q_kdh]hdZiblZeZhl\_qZxs_]hihlj_[ghklyf\gZmqghc l_ogbq_kdhcbgnhjfZpbhgghcb^moh\ghckn_jZo _ mdj_ie_gb_fZdjhwdhghfbq_kdhckljmdlmjugZijhqghchkgh\_kmq_lhf djbl_jb_\bgl_]jZpbb\?\jhi_ckdbckhxa f) \hkklZgh\e_gb_kbkl_fukhpbZevgh]hh[_ki_q_gby g) ihklhyggucdhgljhevbdhjj_dlbjh\dZihdZaZl_e_cjZa\blbykmq_lhf ^hklb`_gbc\wdhghfbq_kdhfbkhpbZevghfk_dlhjZob\h[eZklbhojZguhdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u 110. >Zggucijh_dl[m^_lj_Zebah\Zg\^\ZwlZiZI_j\ucwlZiho\Zlu\Z_li_jbh^ 2000-2005 ]h^h\< wlhli_jbh^ij_^iheZ]Z_lkyij_h^he_lvkhpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdbcb iheblbq_kdbcdjbabki_j_clbdwdhghfbq_kdhfmjhklmih\ukblvdZq_kl\h`bagb klZ[bebabjh\Zlvkbkl_fm]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hmijZ\e_gbyZaZl_fijh\_klbkljmdlmjgu_b ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 34 fZdjhwdhghfbq_kdb_j_nhjfuaZ\_jrblvkha^Zgb_aZdhgh^Zl_evghc[Zau^ey h[_ki_q_gbyi_j_oh^Zdjughqghcwdhghfbd_bhleZ^blvwdhghfbq_kdb_f_oZgbafu <lhjhcwlZiho\Zlu\Z_li_jbh^-2020 ]h^h\< wlhli_jbh^ieZgbjm_lkyh[_ki_qblv wdhghfbq_kdmx[_ahiZkghklvih\ukblvmjh\_gvgZpbhgZevgh]h[eZ]hkhklhygby\ mkeh\byoghjfZevgh]hnmgdpbhgbjh\Zgbyjughqghcwdhghfbdb^h[blvkyjZpbhgZevgh]h bkihevah\Zgbyhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u\hkklZgh\blvihl_gpbZe\hkijhba\h^kl\Zijbjh^guo j_kmjkh\khojZgblvhkgh\gu_wdhkbkl_fuih\ukblvmjh\_gv`bagbmemqrblv f_^bpbgkdh_h[kem`b\Zgb_bjZkrbjblv^hklmidh[jZah\ZgbxbkhpbZevghcaZsbl_ kha^Zlv[_ahiZkgu_mkeh\by^eyljm^Z`bagbbhl^uoZbmdj_iblvhldjulh_ ]jZ`^Zgkdh_h[s_kl\h 111. OhlyJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZbijbgbfZ_l\k_g_h[oh^bfu_f_juihmdj_ie_gbxb h[_ki_q_gbxwdhghfbq_kdhcijh^h\hevkl\_gghcbh[s_kl\_gghc[_ahiZkghklbbhojZg_ hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uhgZklZedb\Z_lkykp_eufjy^hfijh[e_f 112. WdhghfbdZkljZguih-ij_`g_fmij_[u\Z_l\khklhygbbhkljh]hdjbabkZhq_f k\b^_l_evkl\m_liZ^_gb_ijhba\h^kl\Zbijhba\h^bl_evghklb\h\k_ohljZkeyowdhghfbdb g_khhl\_lkl\b_f_`^mkijhkhfbij_^eh`_gb_fbojhgbq_kdZyg_o\ZldZ\gmlj_ggbob \g_rgbobg\_klbpbcqlhlZd`_djZcg_g_]Zlb\ghkdZau\Z_lkygZijhba\h^kl\_Djhf_ lh]hg_wnn_dlb\ghnmgdpbhgbjm_lnbgZgkh\Zykbkl_fZj_Zevgu_^hoh^ugZk_e_gby iZ^ZxlNbgZgkh\Zyg_mklhcqb\hklvihjh`^Z_ldjbabkieZl_`_kihkh[ghklbbg_ieZl_`b < k_evkdhohayckl\_gguck_dlhjg_ihklmiZxlnbgZgkh\u_j_kmjkuqlhih^ju\Z_l \hafh`ghklbjZa\blbybfh^_jgbaZpbbwlh]hk_dlhjZ 113. 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KlZehmom^rZlvkya^hjh\v_`_gsbghkh[_ggh[_j_f_gguoIhklhygghmom^rZ_lky a^hjh\v_^_l_chkh[_ggh\\hajZkl_^h e_lG_kfhljygZlhqlhgZdZ`^u_ 10 000 `bl_e_cijboh^blky \jZqZ^hklZlhqgh\ukhdbcihdZaZl_evho\ZlZgZk_e_gby h[t_f[Zah\uof_^bpbgkdbomkem]bajZkq_lZgZ^mrmgZk_e_gbykhdjZsZ_lky<\b^m g_o\ZldbnbgZgkh\uokj_^kl\mjh\_gvf_^bpbgkdh]hh[kem`b\Zgby\k_evkdbojZchgZo djZcg_gbahdQbkeh[hevgbqguodh_dkdZ`^uf]h^hfmf_gvrZ_lkyOjhgbq_kdbg_ o\ZlZ_lh[hjm^h\Zgby^bZ]ghklbq_kdhcZiiZjZlmjubkZfuog_h[oh^bfuoe_dZjkl\<k_ wlhhdZau\Z_lg_]Zlb\gh_\ebygb_gZkhklhygb_a^hjh\vygZk_e_gbykljZgubklZ\blih^ m]jhamjZa\blb___q_eh\_q_kdh]hihl_gpbZeZ\^he]hkjhqghfieZg_ 121. G_o\ZldZ[x^`_lguoj_kmjkh\g_]Zlb\ghkdZau\Z_lkygZnmgdpbhgbjh\Zgbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguodmevlmjguomqj_`^_gbcKh^ghcklhjhgukm`Z_lky^hklmidmkem]Zf\ kn_j_dmevlmjuZk^jm]hc -\g__ijhgbdZxljughqgu_hlghr_gby\ke_^kl\b_q_]h ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 37 \hafh`ghklv^hklmiZdlZdbfmkem]Zf\h\k_[hevr_ckl_i_gbhij_^_ey_lkykhpbZevguf iheh`_gb_f]jZ`^ZgKhdjZs_gb_^hklmiZdh[t_dlZfdmevlmjugZh[s_fnhg_ dmevlmjghc^_]jZ^Zpbbg_ba[_`gh\_^_ldiZ^_gbxjhebdmevlmju\`bagbh[s_kl\Z LZ[ebpZHkgh\gu_ihdZaZl_ebkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby IhdZaZl_eb Qbke_gghklv gZk_e_gby kj_^g_]h^h\Zy Qbkeh aZgyluo kj_^g_]h^h\h_ Qbkeh aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgguo [_ajZ[hlguo kj_^g_]h^h\h_ Kj_^g_f_kyqgZy aZjieZlZ ijhlb\ ij_^u^ms_]h ]h^Z j_ZevgZy H[sbc nhg^ aZjZ[hlghc ieZlu >hoh^u gZk_e_gby ijhlb\ ij_^u^ms_]h ]h^Z j_Zevgu_ JZkoh^u gZk_e_gby Lh\Zjhh[hjhl H[t_f ieZlguo mkem] ij_^hklZ\e_gguo gZk_e_gbx H[jZah\Zgb_ Qbkeh ^_l_c ihk_sZxsbo ^_lkdb_ kZ^u gZqZevgmx b kj_^gxx rdheu klZjrb_ deZkku Qbkeh h[mqZxsboky \ \maZo k [x^`_lguf nbgZgkbjh\Zgb_f mgb\_jkbl_lZo \ lhf qbke_ gZ ^g_\ghf hl^_e_gbb dhee_^`Zo \ lhf qbke_ gZ ^g_\ghf hl^_e_gbb ijhn_kkbhgZevgh-l_ogbq_kdbo mqbebsZo A^jZ\hhojZg_gb_ Qbkeh f_kl \ [hevgbpZo Ihk_sZ_fhklv ^bkiZgk_jh\ Qbkeh \jZq_c Kj_^gyy qbke_gghklv f_^bpbgkdh]h i_jkhgZeZ DmevlmjZ b kihjl Im[ebqgu_ [b[ebhl_db ;b[ebhl_qguc nhg^ L_Zlju b dhgp_jlgu_ aZeu Qbkeh ihk_s_gbc \ur_mdZaZgguo aZ\_^_gbc Dbghl_Zlju Qbkeh ihk_s_gbc dbghl_Zljh\ Qbkeh kihjlkf_gh\ mqZklgbdh\ fbjh\uo q_fibhgZlh\ b hebfibZ^ ?^bgbpZ baf_j_gby luk q_e luk q_e luk q_e e_c % % luk e__\ kj_^g_f_kyqgu_ gZ ^mrm gZk_e_gby \ e_yo ]h^ 3 652,7 1 033 34 250,4 114 106 2 507 119,7 ]h^ 3 647,0 845 35 304,6 122 88 2 507 132,7 % % 93,2 86,3 luk e__\ luk e__\ luk e__\ 6 731 3 679 1 299 110,9 79,8 7 281 3 602 1 897 126 650,7 106,5 101,0 643,1 112,9 6 837 6 253 4 269 4 256 5 211 4 751 3 329 3 329 16 279 15 309 luk q_e luk q_e luk q_e luk q_e q_e q_e q_e luk dhcdh-f_kl luk ihk_s_gbc \ kf_gm luk q_e luk q_e 48,3 69,6 35,1 72 16,3 40,7 15,7 35,9 _^ feg wda_fieyjh\ _^ luk _^ feg q_e 1 551 20,8 20 578 512 0,16 250 1 439 19,9 20 402 353 0,06 220 Bklhqgbd fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby fbgbkl_jkl\h gZmdb b h[jZah\Zgby b >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 38 122. <ihke_^gb_]h^uJ_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zm^Zehkvbgl_]jbjh\Zlvky\jZaebqgu_ f_`^mgZjh^gu__\jhi_ckdb_bj_]bhgZevgu_kljmdlmjulZdb_dZdKh\_l?\jhiuH;K? Ijh_dlKh_^bg_gguoRlZlh\^eyX]h-<hklhqghc?\jhiuHj]ZgbaZpbyQ_jghfhjkdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]hkhljm^gbq_kl\ZDhfbkkbyih>mgZxJZ[hq__khh[s_kl\h>mgZckdh]h jZchgZKhh[s_kl\hG_aZ\bkbfuo=hkm^Zjkl\Wdhghfbq_kdZydhfbkkbyHj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguoGZpbc^ey?\jhiubl^ 123. 28 bxey ]h^ZJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZjZlbnbpbjh\ZeZF_`^mgZjh^guciZdlh[ wdhghfbq_kdbokhpbZevguobdmevlmjguoijZ\Zo\klmibe\kbem\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z 26 Zij_ey ]h^ZKh]eZkgh_]hiheh`_gbyf]hkm^Zjkl\hh[yaZghijbgylvaZdhgub ghjfu]ZjZglbjmxsb_ijZ\Zijh\ha]eZr_ggu_\IZdl_\k\yabkwlbfiZjeZf_gl ijbklmibedjZajZ[hld_bijbgylbxkhhl\_lkl\mxsboghjfZlb\guoZdlh\;uehijbgylh hdheh^\mo^_kyldh\aZdhgh\dZkZxsbokyjZaebqguoZki_dlh\ijZ\q_eh\_dZbk\h[h^\ lhfqbke_wdhghfbq_kdh]hkhpbZevgh]hbdmevlmjgh]hoZjZdl_jZGZb[he__\Z`gufbk lhqdbaj_gbyh[_ki_q_gbyijZ\ijh\ha]eZr_gguo\IZdl_y\eyxlkyke_^mxsb_aZdhgu ijb\h^ylky\ihjy^d_boijbgylbyAZdhghijZ\h\hfj_`bf_qj_a\uqZcgh]hiheh`_gby bhkh[uonhjfijZ\e_gby\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z hdly[jy ]h^ZAZdhgh ]jZ`^Zgkl\_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z bxgy ]h^Zgh\Zyj_^ZdpbyAZdhgZh ]jZ`^Zgkl\_ bxgy ]h^ZAZdhghdmevlZo fZjlZ ]h^ZAZdhgh jZaj_r_gbbdhee_dlb\guoljm^h\uokihjh\ n_\jZey ]h^ZAZdhgh[hieZl_ ljm^Z n_\jZey ]h^ZAZdhghaZsbl_ijZ\ihlj_[bl_e_c fZy 1993 ]h^Z AZdhghijZ\h\hfiheh`_gbbbghkljZgguo]jZ`^Zgbebp[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Z\J_kim[ebd_ Fhe^h\Z ghy[jy ]h^ZAZdhghijZ\Zoj_[_gdZ ^_dZ[jy ]h^ZAZdhgh[ h[jZah\Zgbb bxey ]h^Zb^jm]b_ghjfZlb\gu_Zdlu<Z`g_crbfkh[ulb_f y\behkvijbgylb_ bxey ]h^ZDhgklblmpbb 124. 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Hkms_kl\e_gb_ijZ\ijh\ha]eZr_gguo\IZdl_[_adZdhc[ulhgb[ueh ^bkdjbfbgZpbbdZd-lh\hlghr_gbbjZkugZpbhgZevghklbwlgbq_kdh]hijhbkoh`^_gby yaudZj_eb]bbiheZiheblbq_kdbom[_`^_gbcbfms_kl\_ggh]hiheh`_gbykhpbZevgh]h ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 39 ijhbkoh`^_gby]jZ`^Zgkl\Zbebijh`b\Zgby-h[_ki_qb\Z_lkyp_eufjy^hf^jm]bo ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZlZdbodZdAZdhgh[hj]ZgbaZpbb km^hijhba\h^kl\Z=jZ`^Zgkdbcijhp_kkmZevgucdh^_dkM]heh\gh-ijhp_kkmZevguc dh^_dkAZdhgh[hieZl_ljm^ZAZdhghijZ\_kh[kl\_gghklbAZdhgha^jZ\hhojZg_gbb AZdhgh[h[jZah\ZgbbAZdhghdmevlmj_AZdhghdmevlZoAZdhghijZ\Zoj_[_gdZb^j 126. =jZ`^Zg_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z\jZ\ghcf_j_ihevamxlky\k_fbwdhghfbq_kdbfb khpbZevgufbbdmevlmjgufbijZ\Zfbij_^mkfhlj_ggufbb]ZjZglbjh\Zggufb Dhgklblmpb_cb^jm]bfbaZdhgZfbkljZgug_aZ\bkbfhhlkihkh[Zijbh[j_l_gby ]jZ`^Zgkl\Z«]jZ`^Zg_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZjZ\gui_j_^aZdhghfb\eZklyfb\ jZ\ghcf_j_ihevamxlky\k_fbwdhghfbq_kdbfbkhpbZevgufbbdmevlmjgufbijZ\Zfbb k\h[h^Zfbij_^mkfhlj_ggufbDhgklblmpb_cb^jm]bfbaZdhgZfbf_`^mgZjh^gufb kh]eZr_gbyfbklhjhghcdhlhjuoy\ey_lkyJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZklZlvy BghkljZggu_ ]jZ`^Zg_bebpZ[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Zh[eZ^Zxll_fb`_ijZ\Zfbbk\h[h^Zfbkbatylbyfb mklZgh\e_ggufbaZdhghfimgdl klZlvb DhgklblmpbbklZlvy AZdhgZh ]jZ`^Zgkl\_ 127. 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IjZ\ZbghkljZgguo]jZ`^Zgbebp[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Zij_^mkfZljb\Zxlkyimgdlhf 2 klZlvbDhgklblmpbbdhlhjuc]eZkblqlhijbgZebqbbg_khhl\_lkl\bcf_`^miZdlZfbb ^h]h\hjZfbh[hkgh\guoijZ\Zoq_eh\_dZh^ghcbaklhjhgdhlhjuoy\ey_lkyJ_kim[ebdZ Fhe^h\Zb__\gmlj_ggbfbaZdhgZfbijbhjbl_lbf_xlf_`^mgZjh^gu_ghjfuWlh dhgklblmpbhggh_iheh`_gb_[ueh^hkeh\ghi_j_g_k_gh\AZdhghijZ\h\hfiheh`_gbb bghkljZgguo]jZ`^Zgbebp[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Z\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZklZlvy 129. Dhgklblmpby]ZjZglbjm_l\k_febpZfijZ\hgZwnn_dlb\gh_\hkklZgh\e_gb_\ ijZ\Zokm^Zfb\kemqZ_gZjmr_gbybohkgh\guoijZ\bbgl_j_kh\klZlvyEbph ms_fe_ggh_\eZklvxfh`_l^h[b\ZlvkyijbagZgbyk\h_]hijZ\ZklZlvy 130. 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Kh]eZkghihke_^gbfklZlbklbq_kdbf^ZggufqbkehjZ[hlZxsbo`_gsbg ij_\urZ_lqbkehjZ[hlZxsbofm`qbgh^gZdh\ij_^ijbgbfZl_evkdhckn_j_bo^heyg_ ij_\urZ_lQlhdZkZ_lky`_gsbg-ij_^ijbgbfZl_e_clhkj_^bjmdh\h^bl_e_c djmiguoij_^ijbylbc`_gsbgukhklZ\eyxlkj_^gboij_^ijbylbc-f_edbo ij_^ijbylbc -Zfbdjhij_^ijbylbc-AZjieZlZ`_gsbgkhklZ\ey_l-80% aZjieZlufm`qbg 148. ;_ajZ[hlbpZkj_^b`_gsbg\_kvfZ\ukhdZ?_jhklh[mkeh\e_glZdbfbnZdlhjZfb dZdij_^hklZ\e_gb_ihbgbpbZlb\_Z^fbgbkljZpbbij_^ijbylbcg_hieZqb\Z_fuo hlimkdh\i_j_\h^gZ\j_f_ggmxjZ[hlmbebmdhjhq_ggucjZ[hqbc^_gv 149. <\b^mgbadhcaZjieZlubfZeh]hjZaf_jZihkh[bcgZj_[_gdZfgh]b_k_fvbg_\ khklhygbbiha\heblvk_[_bf_lv^_l_cqlh\_^_ldiZ^_gbxjh`^Z_fhklbBa-aZ hlkmlkl\byjZ[hlugZ\gmlj_gg_fjugd_`_gsbgu\ugm`^_guihdb^ZlvkljZgmbbkdZlv jZ[hlmaZjm[_`hf]^_hgbfh]mlklZlv`_jl\Zfbg_aZdhgghclhj]h\ebex^vfb\i_jbh^ 1998-]h^h\wlZijh[e_fZijbh[j_eZh]jhfgu_fZkrlZ[u\ugm^b\]hkm^Zjkl\h ijbgylvkhhl\_lkl\mxsb_f_juM]heh\gucdh^_dkij_^mkfZljb\Z_lgZdZaZgb_\\b^_ ebr_gbyk\h[h^ugZkjhdhl^he_laZg_aZdhgguc\u\haj_[_gdZbakljZguZlZd`_ aZ_]hhklZ\e_gb_aZ]jZgbp_cimgdlklZlvbKhhl\_lkl\mxsZyihijZ\dZ[ueZ \g_k_gZIZjeZf_glkdbfaZdhghfhln_\jZey]h^Z<gZklhys__\j_fyij_^eh`_g aZdhghijh_dlh\g_k_gbbihijZ\hd\M]heh\gucdh^_dkhlfZjlZ ]h^Z\h`b^Zgbb ijbgylbygh\h]hM]heh\gh]hdh^_dkZ<g_fkh^_j`blkyki_pbZevgZyklZlvyimgdl klZlvbG_aZdhggZylhj]h\eyex^vfbij_^mkfZljb\ZxsZyaZ\_j[h\dmebp^ey \u\haZaZ]jZgbpmkbokh]eZkbybeb[_alZdh]hkh]eZkbydZdkp_evxlZdb[_ap_eb ^Zevg_cr_cijh^Z`bbebi_j_^Zqb\ex[hcbghcnhjf_lj_lv_fmebpm^eyk_dkmZevghc wdkiemZlZpbbbkihevah\Zgby\ihjgh]jZnbq_kdhcbg^mkljbbh[jZs_gby\jZ[kl\h bkihevah\Zgby\\hhjm`_gguodhgnebdlZowdkiemZlZpbb\\b^_jZ[hq_ckbeubeb i_j_^Zqb^eyihjZ[hs_gbyd_f[ulhgb[ueh\ex[hcbghcnhjf_gZdZaZgb_\\b^_ ebr_gbyk\h[h^ugZkjhdhllj_o^hk_fbe_lbebrljZnZ\jZaf_j_-FJHL AZl_`_ij_klmie_gbykh\_jr_ggu_\hlghr_gbbg_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]hbeb kh\_jr_ggu_g_h^ghdjZlghbebihij_^\Zjbl_evghfm]jmiih\hfmk]h\hjmbebebphf dhlhjh_y\ey_lkyhi_dmghfg_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]hij_^mkfZljb\Z_lkygZdZaZgb_\\b^_ ebr_gbyk\h[h^ugZkjhdhliylb^h^_kylbe_l:gZeh]bqgu_iheh`_gbykh^_j`Zlkyb\ gh\hfM]heh\ghfdh^_dk_ijbgylhfiZjeZf_glhf\h\lhjhfql_gbb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 45 150. <gZklhys__\j_fy\k_klhjhgg_bamqZ_lkylZdh_y\e_gb_dZdgZkbeb_\hlghr_gbb `_gsbg\k_fv_bh[s_kl\_hkh[_gghnbabq_kdh_wdhghfbq_kdh_ikbobq_kdh_b k_dkmZevgh_gZkbeb_<k\yabkwlbfijZ\bl_evkl\hij_^eh`behijbgylv^hihegbl_evgu_ aZdhgukp_evxmemqrblviheh`_gb_^_e\wlhch[eZklb\hkij_iylkl\h\Zlvh[hklj_gbx wlhcijh[e_fub^hihegblvbbaf_gblvp_eucjy^^_ckl\mxsboghjfZlb\guoZdlh\ Ij_^eZ]Z_lky\g_klbihijZ\db\=jZ`^Zgkdbcijhp_kkmZevgucdh^_dkhl^_dZ[jy 1964 ]h^Z^h[Z\b\\g_]hgh\mxklZlvximgdlZklZlvbiheghklvxihk\ys_ggmx gZkbebx\k_fv_\khhl\_lkl\bbkwlhcklZlv_c\kemqZ_kh\_jr_gbygZkbeby\k_fv_ ex[hcqe_gk_fvbkh`bl_evkh`bl_evgbpZhi_dmgbebihi_qbl_evbf__lijZ\h h[jZlblvkyaZihfhsvx\km^IjbijbagZgbbh[hkgh\ZgghklblZdhc`Zeh[ukm^[m^_l \ijZ\_\ug_klbj_r_gb_haZsbl_ihl_ji_\r_]h\nhjf_ a) aZij_s_gbykh\_jr_gbygh\uoZdlh\gZkbeby b) aZij_s_gbyij_[u\Zgby\bgh\gh]h\`bebs_ihl_ji_\r_]h c) mklZgh\e_gby]jZnbdZg_ijh^he`bl_evguoihk_s_gbc d) ij_^ibkZgby\bgh\ghfmgZoh^blvkygZ^hklZlhqghfm^Ze_gbbhl`bebsZijb wlhfjZkklhygb_[m^_lmklZgZ\eb\Zlvkykm^v_c e) aZij_s_gby\bgh\ghfmihy\eylvky\f_kl_]^_jZ[hlZ_lkmijm]kmijm]Zb h[mqZxlky^_lb f) ij_^ibkZgby\bgh\ghfmijhclbe_q_gb_ g) hdZaZgbyex[hc^jm]hcihfhsbg_h[oh^bfhc^eyaZsbluqe_gh\k_fvb\lhf qbke_g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo 151. <khhl\_lkl\bbk^_ckl\mxsbfaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hfh[_ki_q_gb_\uiheg_gby km^_[gh]hj_r_gby\haeZ]Z_lkygZhj]ZguihebpbbJ_r_gb_^_ckl\bl_evgh\l_q_gb_ h^gh]h]h^Zh^gZdh\kemqZ_g_h^ghdjZlgh]hkh\_jr_gbyZdlh\gZkbeby\k_fv_beb `_klhdh]hh[jZs_gbykqe_gZfbk_fvbbkl_pfh`_lh[jZlblvky\km^koh^ZlZckl\hf ijh^eblvkjhd^_ckl\byj_r_gbyIj_^eZ]Z_lky\g_klbihijZ\db\imgdlub klZlvb AZdhgZhihebpbb^_dZ[jy]h^Zdhgdj_lbabjh\Z\boiheh`_gbyqlh ^Zkl\hafh`ghklvih\ukblvwnn_dlb\ghklv[hjv[ukgZkbeb_f\k_fv_\uiheg_gby j_r_gbckm^ZbaZsblu\kemqZyokh\_jr_gbyZdlh\gZkbeby\k_fv_Ij_^eZ]Z_lkylZd`_ \g_klb^hiheg_gbybbaf_g_gby\Dh^_dkh[jZd_bk_fv_hl^_dZ[jy]h^ZLZd\ qZklvklZlvb[m^_l^h[Z\e_gimgdlke_^mxs_]hkh^_j`ZgbyQe_gZfk_fvbb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 46 kh\f_klghijh`b\ZxsbfebpZfaZij_s_ghkh\_jrZlvgZkbeb_\hlghr_gbb^jm]^jm]Z Ebphijb[_]Zxs__dijbgm`^_gbx\hlghr_gbb^jm]boqe_gh\k_fvbbebm]jh`Zxs__ bfkp_evxboih^qbg_gbyg_k_lhl\_lkl\_gghklvkh]eZkgh^_ckl\mxs_fm aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\mImgdlklZlvb[m^_lbaf_g_gihkj_^kl\hf\dexq_gby\g_]h iheh`_gbykh]eZkghdhlhjhfmkm^fh`_lijbgylvg_h[oh^bfu_f_ju^eyh]jZ`^_gby qe_gh\k_fvbhlgZkbeby\kemqZ__kebhgmklZgh\blnZdlkh\_jr_gbyZdlh\gZkbeby\ k_fv_\khhl\_lkl\bbk=jZ`^Zgkdbfijhp_kkmZevgufdh^_dkhf^hfhf_glZ\ug_k_gby j_r_gbyhlghkbl_evghjZa\h^Z KlZlvy 152. 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Kh]eZkghbgnhjfZpbbihemq_gghc\oh^_h[ke_^h\Zgbyijh\_^_ggh]h\ ]h^m aZgylh_gZk_e_gb_khklZ\ey_l\k_]hgZk_e_gbybwdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\gh]h gZk_e_gbyMjh\_gvaZgylhklb^heyaZgyluo\h\k_fgZk_e_gbbkj_^bfm`qbg,8%) \ur_q_fkj_^b`_gsbgAZgylu_\\hajZkl_e_lbklZjr_khklZ\eyxl gZk_e_gbyQbkeh`_gsbg\wlhcdZl_]hjbb\ur_h^gZdhmjh\_gvboaZgylhklb gb`_q_fmfm`qbgMjh\gbaZgylhklb\]hjh^kdbojZchgZobk_evkdbo jZchgZojZaebqZxlky\_kvfZagZqbl_evgh>hey\ajhkeuo\aZgylhfgZk_e_gbb khklZ\ey_lMjh\_gvaZgylhklb\mdZaZgghf]h^mkms_kl\_ggufh[jZahfg_ hlebqZ_lkyhlmjh\gyaZgylhklb\ij_^r_kl\mxs_f]h^m 163. JZkij_^_e_gb_aZgylh]hgZk_e_gbyihjh^maZgylbck\b^_l_evkl\m_lhlhfqlh gZb[hevrmx^hexkhklZ\eyxlebpZjZ[hlZxsb_ihgZcfmBa\k_oaZgyluo jZ[hlZxl\kn_j_lhj]h\ebbebrv-\ijhfure_gghklb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 49 164. Klhqdbaj_gbynhjfkh[kl\_gghklbaZgylh_gZk_e_gb_jZkij_^_ey_lkyke_^mxsbf h[jZahfjZ[hlZ_l\qZklghfk_dlhj_b-\]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfk_dlhj_ijbq_f gZk_e_gbyaZgylh]h\qZklghfk_dlhj_ijh`b\Z_l\k_evkdbojZchgZoK_evkdh_ ohayckl\h-\Z`guck_]f_glqZklgh]hk_dlhjZbgZ_]h^hexijboh^blkygZk_e_gby aZgylh]h\wlhfk_dlhj_QlhdZkZ_lkyhljZke_cgZpbhgZevghcwdhghfbdblhgZb[hevr__ qbkehaZgyluokdhgp_gljbjh\Zgh\k_evkdhfohayckl\_ijbq_fbagbo-wlh ebpZ\\hajZkl_-e_l 165. K_jv_aghcijh[e_fhc\J_kim[ebd_hklZ_lky[_ajZ[hlbpZIh^ZggufFHLqbkeh [_ajZ[hlguo\]h^m^hklb]eh q_eh\_dMjh\_gv[_ajZ[hlbpujZ\_g ijbq_f\]hjh^kdbojZchgZohg\ur_<]h^mih^ZggufFHLdhebq_kl\h [_ajZ[hlguoij_\ukbeh q_eh\_dMjh\_gv[_ajZ[hlbpukj_^bfm`qbg khklZ\beZkj_^b`_gsbg-GZb[hevrbcmjh\_gv[_ajZ[hlbpu[ue aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgkj_^bfheh^_`b\\hajZkl_-e_l-IhhnbpbZevguf ^Zgguf[_ajZ[hlbpZg_ij_\urZ_l<]h^mqbkeh[_ajZ[hlguo aZj_]bkljbjh\ZgguogZ[bj`Zoljm^ZkhklZ\beh q_eh\_d>Zggu_ oZjZdl_jbamxsb_^bgZfbdm[_ajZ[hlbpu\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z\-]h^Zo ijbeZ]Zxlkyijbeh`_gb_ 166. Djhf_lh]hiheh`_gb_gZjugd_ljm^Zy\ey_lky\_kvfZgZijy`_ggufihijbqbg_ kdjulhc[_ajZ[hlbpu<]h^m\\ugm`^_ggucg_hieZqb\Z_fuchlimkd[ueb hlijZ\e_gu 800 q_eh\_dZ q_eh\_d[uebi_j_\_^_gugZkhdjZs_ggmxjZ[hqmx g_^_ex<gZqZe_l_dms_]h]h^Zmjh\_gv[_ajZ[hlbpu[uegb`_q_fk_cqZk khhl\_lkl\_ggh 1q_eh\_db 800 q_eh\_d 167. Jhkl[_ajZ[hlbpuh[mkeh\e_gjZ^bdZevgufbbaf_g_gbyfbijhbkoh^ysbfb\ h[s_kl\_gghcbwdhghfbq_kdhc`bagbkhijy`_ggufbki_j_jZkij_^_e_gb_fjZ[hq_c kbeuf_`^mjZaebqgufbkn_jZfbq_eh\_q_kdhc^_yl_evghklbbkq_agh\_gb_fh^gbo \b^h\^_yl_evghklbbihy\e_gb_f^jm]boi_j_jZkij_^_e_gb_ff_`^mhljZkeyfbbl^ ijbeh`_gb_<]h^m\k_evkdhohayckl\_gghfk_dlhj_[uehaZgylh gZk_e_gbyZ\]h^m-ebrv:gZebaklZlbklbq_kdbo^ZgguoaZ-1999 ]h^u k\b^_l_evkl\m_lhlhfqlh^heyaZgyluo\g_dhlhjuohljZkeyokms_kl\_gghg_ baf_gbeZkvhgZ\ujhkeZ\ijhfure_gghklbk^h\kn_j_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hmijZ\e_gbybh[hjhguk^h\kn_j_hi_jZpbck g_^\b`bfufbfms_kl\hfk^hh[jZah\Zgbbk^hb\kn_j_ a^jZ\hhojZg_gbybf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsbk^h ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 50 168. G_h[oh^bfhh[_ki_qblvlZdb_mkeh\byaZgylhklbdhlhju_hij_^_eyebkv[u bkdexqbl_evghkijhkhfnhjfbjmxsbfkyih^\ha^_ckl\b_fwdhghfbq_kdbonZdlhjh\ <f_rZl_evkl\h]hkm^Zjkl\Z^he`ghh]jZgbqb\Zlvkyklbfmebjh\Zgb_fbeb ^_klbfmebjh\Zgb_f^_ckl\bcaZgylh]hdhglbg]_glZ^eyh[_ki_q_gby[ZeZgkZf_`^m ij_^eh`_gb_fbkijhkhf>eywnn_dlb\gh]hj_]mebjh\ZgbykijhkZbij_^eh`_gbyb \aZbfhhlghr_gbcf_`^mijhnkhxaZfbbjZ[hlh^Zl_eyfb]hkm^Zjkl\mke_^m_lijbagZlv [hevrh_agZq_gb_iheblbdb\h[eZklbaZgylhklb[he__lh]h_fmg_h[oh^bfhjZajZ[hlZlv bhkms_kl\eylvlZdmxiheblbdmbgZihklhygghchkgh\_khljm^gbqZlvk aZbgl_j_kh\ZggufbklhjhgZfb 169. <Z`gmxjhev\j_ZebaZpbbiheblbdb\f_rZl_evkl\ZbkhpbZevghcaZsblugZjugd_ ljm^Zb]jZ_l]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZykem`[ZaZgylhklb<J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZwlZkem`[Z ij_^klZ\e_gZ>_iZjlZf_glhfihbkihevah\ZgbxjZ[hq_ckbeuGZl_jjblhjbb J_kim[ebdb^_ckl\m_lp_gljh\aZgylhklbgZk_e_gby<hbkiheg_gb_aZijhkh\ ohayckl\mxsbokm[t_dlh\\ ]h^m[uebih^h[jZgubmkljh_gugZjZ[hlm 22 100 q_eh\_d\lhfqbke_ `_gsbgWlhkhklZ\beh[_ajZ[hlguo aZj_]bkljbjh\ZgguogZgZqZeh]h^Z q_eh\_d< ]h^mq_j_ap_gljuaZgylhklb gZjZ[hlmmkljhbebkv q_eh\_d `_gsbg 800 ^_\mr_dbxghr_c\\hajZkl_ 25-e_lb q_eh\_d\\hajZkl_-e_l 170. AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hhlghkbl_evghaZiheg_gbyk\h[h^guojZ[hqbof_klgZ ij_^ijbylbyoklZlvyAZdhgZhaZgylhklbg_nmgdpbhgbjm_lIjbljm^hmkljhckl\_ [_ajZ[hlguop_gljuaZgylhklbklZedb\Zxlkykljm^ghklyfbihijbqbg_g_o\Zldb bgnhjfZpbbh[bf_xsboky\ZdZgkbyoP_gljufh]mlihemqZlvihegmxbgnhjfZpbxh \ZdZgkbyobl_fkZfufih\ukblvwnn_dlb\ghklvk\h_cjZ[hlukhljm^gbqZyk ohayckl\mxsbfbkm[t_dlZfbKblmZpbxgZjugd_ljm^Zhkeh`gy_lhlkmlkl\b_dhgljhey ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguomqj_`^_gbcaZkh[ex^_gb_fljm^h\h]haZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Zbijhp_kkhf gZcfZgZjZ[hlmbhlkmlkl\b_^Zgguohk\h[h^guojZ[hqbof_klZogZij_^ijbylbyo Ih khklhygbxgZyg\Zjy ]h^Zqbkeh\ZdZgkbcgZij_^ijbylbyokb[he__ jZ[hlgbdZfbkhklZ\beh qlh\jZaZ[hevr_qbkeZ\ZdZgkbcaZj_]bkljbjh\Zgguo p_gljZfbaZgylhklb<uy\blv\ZdZgkbbgZij_^ijbylbyokf_g__q_fjZ[hlgbdZfb ih-ij_`g_fmkeh`ghIhkhklhygbxgZhdly[jy ]h^Zqbkeh\ZdZgkbc aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgguop_gljZfbaZgylhklbkhklZ\beh bagbo ijboh^bebkvgZ jZ[hqb_f_klZij_^gZagZq_ggu_ij_bfms_kl\_ggh^eyg_d\Zebnbpbjh\ZgguojZ[hqbok gbadhchieZlhcljm^ZBgnhjfZpbyh\ZdZgkbyoaZj_]bkljbjh\Zgguop_gljZfbaZgylhklb \i_jbh^kyg\Zjyih^_dZ[jv ]h^ZijbeZ]Z_lkyijbeh`_gb_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 51 171. BgnhjfZpbyh\ZdZgkbyoij_^hklZ\ey_lkylZd`_ebpZfdhlhju_g_bf_xlklZlmk [_ajZ[hlgh]hebpZfdhlhju_[uebhlijZ\e_gu\\ugm`^_ggucg_hieZqb\Z_fuchlimkd bebi_j_\_^_gugZkhdjZs_ggmxjZ[hqmxg_^_exebpZf\eZ^_xsbf k_evkdhohayckl\_ggufbm]h^vyfbebpZffeZ^r_ e_li_gkbhg_jZfbli 172. ;ueb\ujZ[hlZgugh\u_f_lh^uih^[hjZlj_[m_fuodZ^jh\^eyij_^ijbylbc ijh\_^_gb_yjfZjhd\ZdZgkbcbfhjZevgZyih^^_j`dZ[_ajZ[hlguokp_evx klbfmebjh\Zlvihbkdbfbih^oh^ysbo\ZdZgkbc\jZfdZoDem[Z[_ajZ[hlguoLZd\ 1999 ]h^mp_gljuaZgylhklbDbrbg_\Zhj]Zgbah\Zeb^_\ylvyjfZjhd\ZdZgkbc;eZ]h^Zjy bf[uebljm^hmkljh_gu q_eh\_dZ<yg\Zj_-k_gly[j_ ]h^Zp_gljuaZgylhklb Dbrbg_\ZbjZchgZHjo_cijh\_ebihjy^dZ^_\ylbyjfZjhd\ZdZgkbc 173. >eymemqr_gbykblmZpbbgZjugd_g_d\Zebnbpbjh\ZgghcjZ[hq_ckbeudhlhjZy mkm]m[ey_lkyijh[e_fhcaZly`ghc[_ajZ[hlbpukj_^bjZ[hqbowlhcdZl_]hjbb hj]ZgbamxlkyhieZqb\Z_fu_h[s_kl\_ggu_jZ[hlu<f_kl_kl_fihijbqbg_gbadhc hieZluljm^Z[_ajZ[hlgu_hldZau\ZxlkyhllZdhcjZ[hlu<]h^m[eZ]h^ZjylZdbf f_jZfjZ[hlhc[uebh[_ki_q_guhdhehq_eh\_dZ\]h^m- 1q_eh\_d 174. <mkeh\byoiZ^_gbymjh\gy`bagbiheh`_gb_fheh^_`bhkh[_gghxghr_cb ^_\mr_d\\hajZkl_^he_lbg\Zeb^h\`_gsbgbebpij_^i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZ \uau\Z_lhkh[u_hiZk_gbyGZjugd_ljm^ZkijhkgZjZ[hlgbdh\wlbodZl_]hjbc hlkmlkl\m_lP_gljZfaZgylhklbgZk_e_gbyj_^dhm^Z_lkym[_^blvjZ[hlh^Zl_e_cijbgylv bogZjZ[hlmKms_kl\mxsbcf_oZgbafhp_gdb\hafh`ghkl_cljm^hmkljhckl\Zebp khhl\_lkl\mxsbodZl_]hjbcg_nmgdpbhgbjm_lihkdhevdmhgkebrdhfaZnhjfZebah\Zg bg_kihkh[kl\m_lj_r_gbxijh[e_fulZdboebpG_dhlhju_p_gljuk^_eZeb g_\hafh`gh_jmdh\h^kl\mykvj_r_gbyfbf_klguokh\_lh\hgbljm^hmkljhbeb 3 774 q_eh\_dZ\lhfqbke_xghrbb^_\mrdbbg\Zeb^h\b ih^jhkldZ\ \hajZkl_^he_l<i_j\hciheh\bg_ ]h^Z[uehljm^hmkljh_gh 272 q_eh\_dZ beb[_ajZ[hlguoxghr_cb^_\mr_dbg\Zeb^h\b ih^jhkldZ\\hajZkl_ ^he_l 175. IheblbdZ]hkm^Zjkl\Z\h[eZklbaZgylhklbgZijZ\e_gZgZih\ur_gb_mjh\gy aZgylhklbbhdZaZgb_ih^^_j`db\ijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\d_bi_j_ih^]hlh\d_ jZ[hlgbdh\DjZcg_\Z`ghk^_eZlv\k_\hafh`gh_^eyhkms_kl\e_gbyiheh`_gbc f_`^mgZjh^guo^hdmf_glh\\dexqZydhg\_gpbbFHLjZlbnbpbjh\Zggu_iZjeZf_glhf J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zbl^ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 52 176. <gZklhys__\j_fy\f_rZl_evkl\h]hkm^Zjkl\ZijbgbfZ_l\k_[he__Zdlb\gu_ nhjfuqlh\ujZ`Z_lky\\hah[gh\e_gbbijh\_^_gbywdhghfbq_kdhciheblbdb kihkh[kl\mxs_cfh[bebaZpbbkj_^kl\ba\gmlj_ggbob\g_rgbobklhqgbdh\kha^Zgbx jZ[hqbof_klklbfmebjh\ZgbxkijhkZkihfhsvxfZdjhwdhghfbq_kdbof_oZgbafh\b hdZaZgbxih^^_j`dbf_edbfijhba\h^bl_eyf<k_wlhiha\heblaZgylvagZqbl_evgmx qZklvjZ[hq_ckbeu 177. <ihjy^d_lZdh]h\f_rZl_evkl\Z[uebijbgyluke_^mxsb_f_ju Z [uebijbgylughjfZlb\gu_ZdluhnbgZgkh\hcih^^_j`d_ij_^ijbylbc kha^Zxsbogh\u_jZ[hqb_f_klZ b) [uebjZajZ[hlZgubij_^klZ\e_gugZjZkkfhlj_gb_ke_^mxsb_ijh_dlu aZdhgh\bihklZgh\e_gbcaZdhgZh[_ajZ[hlguoaZdhgZhkha^ZgbbgZpbhgZevgh]h Z]_glkl\Zihljm^hmkljhckl\mbaZgylhklbihklZgh\e_gbyhkihkh[Zoihhsj_gby ohayckl\mxsbokm[t_dlh\dijb_fmgZjZ[hlm\uimkdgbdh\mq_[guoaZ\_^_gbcj_r_gby hnbgZgkh\hcih^^_j`d_[_ajZ[hlguoijbhj]ZgbaZpbbih^jy^ghc^_yl_evghklbZlZd`_ ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggu_aZdhghijh_dluIjbgylb_\ur_i_j_qbke_gguoghjfZlb\guoZdlh\ ^Zkl\hafh`ghklvha^hjh\blvkblmZpbxgZjugd_ljm^Z 178. Kihy\e_gb_fqZklgh]hk_dlhjZij_`gb_dhgp_ipbbljm^h\uohlghr_gbcmklZj_eb Fbgbkl_jkl\hljm^Zij_^ijbgbfZ_lmkbebyihmkh\_jr_gkl\h\ZgbxaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z NhjfbjmxsZykyjughqgZywdhghfbdZ\hagbdgh\_gb_mkeh\bc^eyjZa\blbyij_^ijbylbc j_nhjfbjh\Zgb_i_gkbhgghckbkl_fubhldjulb_\hafh`ghkl_c^eyih\ur_gbymjh\gy `bagblj_[mxlijbf_g_gbyjy^Zkh\j_f_gguo]b[dbobijhkluoghjfbijhp_^mj <ujZ[hlZgubij_^klZ\e_gugZjZkkfhlj_gb_bml\_j`^_gb_\ukrbohj]Zgh\\eZklb ijh_dlljm^h\h]hdh^_dkZijh_dlaZdhgZh[bgki_dpbbljm^Zb^j 179. <khhl\_lkl\bbkAZdhghfhaZgylhklbhlbxey]h^Z\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z ljm^y\ey_lkyk\h[h^gufAZgylh_gZk_e_gb_ihevam_lky[_kieZlgufbmkem]Zfb ij_^hklZ\ey_fufb]hkm^Zjkl\_gghckem`[hcaZgylhklbAZdhg]eZkblqlhijbgm`^_gb_d ljm^mdh]h[ulhgb[uehg_^himkdZ_lky>h[jh\hevgZyg_aZgylhklv]jZ`^Zgg_fh`_l kem`blvhkgh\Zgb_f^eyboijb\e_q_gbydZ^fbgbkljZlb\ghcbebm]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklbKh]eZkghklZlv_^ZggucAZdhgijbf_gy_lkyihhlghr_gbxdh\k_f ]jZ`^ZgZfJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZebpZf[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Zb]jZ`^ZgZf^jm]bokljZg_keb hlghkbl_evghihke_^gbof_`]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufbkh]eZr_gbyfbg_h]h\hj_ghbgh_ =jZ`^Zg_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z\j_f_gghjZ[hlZxsb_aZ__ij_^_eZfbh[yaZgu kh[ex^ZlvaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hkhhl\_lkl\mxsbo]hkm^Zjkl\aZbkdexq_gb_fkemqZ_\ ij_^mkfhlj_gguof_`]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufbkh]eZr_gbyfb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 53 180. <J_kim[ebd_jZajZ[hlZgu]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_bf_klgu_ijh]jZffugZijZ\e_ggu_gZ m\_ebq_gb_aZgylhklbbkfy]q_gb_ihke_^kl\bc[_ajZ[hlbpubh[mkeh\e_gghc_x khpbZevghcg_aZsbs_gghklbgZk_e_gbyLZdihklZgh\e_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Zhl 20 fZjlZ]h^Z[ueZijbgylZ=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyijh]jZffZh[_ki_q_gbyaZgylhklb\ 1998-]h^ZoHgZ[ueZjZajZ[hlZgZfbgbkl_jkl\hfljm^ZkhpbZevghcaZsblub k_fvbIjh]jZffZij_^mkfZljb\Z_lhj]ZgbaZpbx^_yl_evghklbwlh]hfbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glh\kem`[uaZgylhklbf_klguo]hkm^Zjkl\_gguohj]Zgh\bohayckl\mxsbo km[t_dlh\lZdbfh[jZahfqlh[u^h[blvkyj_ZebaZpbb]hkm^Zjkl\_gghciheblbdb\ h[eZklbaZgylhklbH^bgba\Z`g_crbo__jZa^_eh\haZ]eZ\e_gIjhn_kkbhgZevgZy ih^]hlh\dZ[_ajZ[hlguo>eyh[_ki_q_gbyhilbfZevgh]hnmgdpbhgbjh\Zgbywdhghfbdb g_h[oh^bfhkihfhsvxijh]jZffijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\dbih\ukblvmjh\_gv dhgdmj_glhkihkh[ghklbbdhfi_l_glghklbjZ[hlgbdh\Kem`[uaZgylhklbhkms_kl\eyxl k\hx^_yl_evghklb\h[eZklbijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\db[_ajZ[hlguo\jZaebqguo nhjfZo Z jZkijhkljZg_gb_kj_^b\ajhkeh]hgZk_e_gbybgnhjfZpbbh\ZdZgkbyo\ J_kim[ebd_h[mq_[guoaZ\_^_gbyoh\hafh`ghklyoijhoh`^_gbymq_[ghcb ijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\dbihjZaebqgufki_pbZevghklyfbl^ b) dhgkmevlbjh\Zgb_\ajhkeuo[_ajZ[hlguoihijhn_kkbhgZevghcl_fZlbd_\ p_eyohdZaZgbybfihfhsb\\u[hj_jZ[hq_]hf_klZbjh^Z^_yl_evghklb 181. <i_j\hciheh\bg_ ]h^Zkem`[ZaZgylhklbhj]Zgbah\ZeZdmjkuih 35 ki_pbZevghklyfGZdmjkZoijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\dbh[mqZehkvq_eh\_d\ lhfqbke_`_gsbgJZkoh^ugZih^]hlh\dm\jZaf_j_e__\[uebihdjuluaZ kq_lkj_^kl\Nhg^Zihfhsb[_ajZ[hlguf<\b^mg_o\ZldbnbgZgkh\uokj_^kl\gZp_eb h[_ki_q_gbykhpbZevghcaZsblu\k_dlhj_ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]hh[jZah\Zgby\hagbd ^_nbpbl 182. Ijbgylb_Zdlb\guof_jgZjugd_ljm^Zkhijy`_ghkh]jhfgufbljm^ghklyfbih ijbqbg_nbgZgkh\h]hdjbabkZi_j_`b\Z_fh]hgZpbhgZevghcwdhghfbdhcBa-aZwlh]hg_ m^Zehkv\uihegblvaZ^Zqbdhlhju_[uebhij_^_e_gu\ijh]jZffZoh^gZdhijbeZ]Zxlky \k_mkbeby^eylh]hqlh[uihiulZlvkywlhk^_eZlvG_^Z\gh[uejZajZ[hlZgbjZahkeZg fbgbkl_jkl\ZfjZ[hlh^Zl_eyfbijhnkhxaZfijh_dlaZdhgZhgZpbhgZevghcijh]jZff_\ h[eZklbljm^hmkljhckl\ZbaZgylhklbgZ-]h^u ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 54 183. <klZlv_DhgklblmpbbaZdj_ie_ghijZ\hgZljm^bijZ\hgZaZsblmljm^ZZ bf_ggh\g_c]h\hjblkyqlhdZ`^ucq_eh\_dbf__lijZ\hgZljm^k\h[h^guc\u[hj jZ[hlukijZ\_^eb\u_bm^h\e_l\hjbl_evgu_mkeh\byljm^ZZlZd`_ijZ\hgZaZsblmhl [_ajZ[hlbpuimgdlklZlvb<Dh^_dk_aZdhgh\hljm^_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z hij_^_eyxlkyke_^mxsb_]ZjZglbbaZgylhklbklZlvy Z aZij_sZ_lkyg_h[hkgh\ZgguchldZa\ijb_f_gZjZ[hlm b) g_^himkdZ_lkygbdZdh_ijyfh_bebdhk\_ggh_h]jZgbq_gb_ijZ\beb mklZgh\e_gb_ijyfuobebdhk\_gguoij_bfms_kl\ijbijb_f_gZjZ[hlm\aZ\bkbfhklb hliheZjZkugZpbhgZevghklbyaudZkhpbZevgh]hijhbkoh`^_gbybfms_kl\_ggh]h iheh`_gbyhlghr_gbydj_eb]bbm[_`^_gbcijbgZ^e_`ghklbdh[s_kl\_gguf h[t_^bg_gbyfZlZd`_^jm]boh[klhyl_evkl\g_k\yaZgguok^_eh\ufbdZq_kl\Zfb jZ[hlgbdh\G_y\eyxlky^bkdjbfbgZpb_cjZaebqbybkdexq_gbyij_^ihql_gbyb h]jZgbq_gbyijbijb_f_gZjZ[hlmdhlhju_hij_^_eyxlkyk\hckl\_ggufb^Zgghfm\b^m ljm^Zlj_[h\Zgbyfbeb[hh[mkeh\e_guhkh[hcaZ[hlhc]hkm^Zjkl\ZhebpZo gm`^Zxsboky\ih\ur_gghckhpbZevghcbijZ\h\hcaZsbl_ 184. <]eZ\_,,,Dh^_dkZaZdhgh\hljm^_ij_^mkfZljb\Zxlky]ZjZglbbijbijb_f_gZ jZ[hlmbhkms_kl\e_gbyijZ\ZgZljm^AZdhgh[ieZl_ljm^Zhln_\jZey 1993 ]h^Z]eZkblqlhijbmklZgh\e_gbbaZjZ[hlghcieZlug_^himkdZ_lky^bkdjbfbgZpby jZ[hlgbdh\\aZ\bkbfhklbhl\hajZklZiheZjZkh\hcbgZpbhgZevghcijbgZ^e_`ghklb iheblbq_kdbom[_`^_gbc\_jhbkih\_^ZgbybfZl_jbZevgh]hiheh`_gbyklZlvy 3). LZ[ebpZ ;bj`b ljm^Z =hjh^ Dbrbg_\ :LH =Z]Zmaby JZchg ;_evpu JZchg DZ]me JZchg Dbrbg_\ JZchg ?^bgpu JZchg EwimrgZ JZchg Hjo_c JZchg Khjhdb JZchg Pb]bjZ JZchg LZjZdeby JZchg Mg]_gu <k_]h AZj_]bkljbjh\Zggu_p_gljZfbaZgylhklbgZk_e_gby k\h[h^gu_jZ[hqb_f_klZyg\Zjv-k_gly[jv]h^Z Yg\Zjv N_\jZev 392 59 385 121 180 74 85 117 72 126 152 1 763 513 93 454 88 147 95 88 153 142 122 107 2 002 FZjl 516 122 520 120 190 116 148 188 137 116 49 193 2 415 :ij_ev 718 118 589 110 228 96 115 210 343 142 61 144 2 874 FZc 829 91 513 123 228 104 110 169 396 120 62 92 2 837 Bxgv Bxev :\]mkl 812 110 706 234 295 129 175 275 169 88 88 178 3 247 729 142 744 247 283 116 160 170 257 99 48 158 3 153 611 67 627 181 259 183 118 255 258 124 50 78 2 811 K_gly[jv 1 408 51 298 14 185 12 37 37 194 51 40 4 2 31 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 55 LZ[ebpZ >bgZfbdZ[_ajZ[hlbpu\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z 1991-2000 ]h^uIjbgylu_f_juihkhpbZevghcaZsbl_ ?^bgbpZ baf_j_gby H[jZlb\rb_ky \ [xjh ih ljm^hmkljhckl\m q_e Ljm^hmkljh_ggu_ q_e EbpZ ihemqZxsb_ ihkh[b_ ih [_ajZ[hlbp_ q_e JZaf_j ihkh[by ih [_ajZ[hlbp_ \ e_yo ;_ajZ[hlgu_ h[mqZxsb_ky gZ dmjkZo ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ih^]hlh\db gZ gZqZeh ]h^Z q_e gZ dhg_p h[mq_gby q_e JZkoh^u gZ ijhn_kkbhgZevgmx ih^]hlh\dm \ e_yo ;_ajZ[hlgu_ aZgylu_ gZ hieZqb\Z_fuo h[s_kl\_gguo jZ[hlZo q_e JZkoh^u gZ hieZqb\Z_fu_ h[s_kl\_ggu_ jZ[hlu luk e__\ ;_ajZ[hlgu_ aZj_]bkljbjh\Zggu_ gZ dhg_p ]h^Z q_e < lhf qbke_ gZoh^ysb_ky \ \ugm`^_gghf g_hieZqb\Z_fhf hlimkd_ luk q_e Qbkeh k\h[h^guo jZ[hqbo f_kl gZ dhg_p ]h^Z < lhf qbke_ ^ey jZ[hqbo Mjh\_gv [_ajZ[hlbpu 1991 ]h^ 1992 ]h^ 1993 1994 59 309 29 315 48 375 11 809 40 068 38 684 45 365 46 333 49 518 63 296 57 834 50 848 11 916 11 020 16 480 19 573 21 078 22 386 19 121 22 085 12 961 14 881 19 747 19 563 18 180 19 921 25 315 23 740 231,2 1 709,3 5 173,1 5 839,1 6 478,0 8 659,39 7 930,73 ]h^ 41,2 14 856,6 ]h^ 49 27 126 521 1 257 712 46,4 14 256 1995 ]h^ 1996 1997 ]h^ ]h^ 1998 ]h^ 1999 2000 ]h^ ]h^ 5 170 7 511 8 927 10 583 11 456 10 216 2 723 5 188 5 436 6 749 7 263 7 286 731,3 1 503,3 2 144,5 2 382,5 3 862,50 1 351,0 9 023 510 595 737 971 1360 839 1 127 8,87 1,66 0,2 1,17 2,67 2,02 - 78 15 001 14 113 20 554 24 543 23 426 27 973 32 021 34 918 28 873 60 7 364 6 689 22,1 868 702 24,5 589 415 0,9 24,2 718 473 1,2 13,2 1 016 602 1,4 11,9 1 977 1 156 1,5 12,5 1 388 853 1,8 13,3 1 128 834 1,8 17,6 11 873 1 242 1 884 938 1 564 2,0 2,1 Bklhqgbd KlZlbklbq_kdb_ hlq_lu =hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[u aZgylhklb aZ - ]h^u LZ[ebpZ JZkij_^_e_gb_aZgyluoihk_dlhjZfwdhghfbdb K_dlhj <k_]h K_evkdh_ ohayckl\h hohlZ b e_kgh_ ohayckl\h Ijhfure_gghklv <k_]h < lhf qbke_ ]hjgh^h[u\ZxsZy ijhfure_gghklv h[jZ[Zlu\ZxsZy ijhfure_gghklv ijhba\h^kl\h we_dljhwg_j]bb ]ZaZ b \h^u Kljhbl_evkl\h Lhj]h\ey =hklbgbpu b j_klhjZgu LjZgkihjl b k\yav NbgZgkh\Zy ^_yl_evghklv Hi_jZpbb k g_^\b`bfuf bfms_kl\hf =hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_ mijZ\e_gb_ b h[hjhgZ H[jZah\Zgb_ A^jZ\hhojZg_gb_ b khpbZevgu_ mkem]b Ijhqb_ \b^u ^_yl_evghklb beb mkem]b >_yl_evghklv ih hj]ZgbaZpbb hl^uoZ b jZa\e_q_gbc dmevlmju b kihjlZ < kj_^g_f q_e ]h^ ]h^ >hey aZgyluo \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_f k_dlhj_ ]h^ ]h^ 1 184 279 513 687 810 284 266 167 100 43,4 100 32,8 175 507 127 978 14,8 15,8 3 791 149 401 22 315 39 804 54 857 5 782 81 475 9 508 31 800 29 787 146 438 90 635 24 195 2 538 102 982 22 459 23 974 35 454 3 630 48 725 6 883 26 871 48 755 128 977 73 788 18 393 0,3 12,6 1,9 3,4 4,6 0,5 6,9 0,8 2,7 2,5 12,4 7,6 2,0 0,3 12,7 2,7 2,9 4,4 0,4 6,0 0,8 3,3 6,0 15,9 9,1 2,3 - 14 364 Bklhqgbd D\ZjlZevgu_ klZlbklbq_kdb_ hlq_lu h \hagZ]jZ`^_gbb b ^\b`_gbb jZ[hlgbdh\ khklZ\e_ggu_ >_iZjlZf_glhf klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ 1,8 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 56 LZ[ebpZKljmdlmjZaZgylhklb\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z-]h^u H[sZy qbke_gghklv gZk_e_gby luk q_e < lhf qbke_ wdhghfbq_kdb Zdlb\gh_ gZk_e_gb_ luk q_e >hey hl h[s_c qbke_gghklb gZk_e_gby H[sZy qbke_gghklv aZgylh]h gZk_e_gby luk q_e Ijhp_glgZy ^hey aZgyluo \ k_evkdhf ohayckl\_ ijhfure_gghklb kljhbl_evkl\_ kn_j_ mkem] ;_ajZ[hlgu_ aZj_]bkljbjh\Zggu_ gZ [bj`Zo ljm^Z \ l_q_gb_ ]h^Z luk q_e ]h^ 3 604 ]h^ 3 599 ]h^ 3 654 ]h^ 3 652 ]h^ 3 646 1 696 47,1 1 673 1 686 46,8 1 660 1 671 45,7 1 646 1 809 49,5 1 642 1 682 46,1 1 496 46,1 11,9 4,1 37,9 42,8 11,7 3,3 42,2 41,5 11,6 3,2 43,7 45,6 11,0 3,5 39,9 48,8 10,7 2,9 37,6 45,4 46,3 49,5 63,3 57,8 Bklhqgbd >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ J_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Z KlZlvy 185. J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Zy\ey_lkymqZklgbp_cdhg\_gpbcFHL131, 132 b<Z\]mkl_ ]h^Z[uebij_^klZ\e_gu^hdeZ^uihdhg\_gpbyfbZ 5 Z\]mklZ ]h^Z-^hdeZ^ihDhg\_gpbbDhg\_gpby\klmibeZ\kbem 23 fZjlZ ]h^ZZDhg\_gpby-Zij_ey ]h^Zijbwlhf\khhl\_lkl\bbk MklZ\hfF_`^mgZjh^ghchj]ZgbaZpbbljm^Zijbgylbykjhqguof_j\l_dms_f]h^mg_ lj_[m_lky 186. Kbkl_fZhieZluljm^Z\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZaZ\bkblhlnhjfuhj]ZgbaZpbb ohayckl\mxs_]hkm[t_dlZboZjZdl_jZ_]h^_yl_evghklbGZqZklguoij_^ijbylbyo jZaf_jbmkeh\byhieZluljm^ZmklZgZ\eb\Zxlky\jZfdZodhee_dlb\guobeb bg^b\b^mZevguoi_j_]h\hjh\f_`^mxjb^bq_kdbfbnbabq_kdbfbebpZfb Oh^ZlZckl\mxsb_km[t_dlugZ[bjZxljZ[hlgbdh\\aZ\bkbfhklbhlk\hbonbgZgkh\uo \hafh`ghkl_cJ_amevlZlui_j_]h\hjh\nbdkbjmxlky\aZdexqZ_fhfdhee_dlb\ghfbeb bg^b\b^mZevghfljm^h\hf^h]h\hj_Ljm^jZ[hlgbdh\]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hk_dlhjZ nbgZgkbjm_fh]haZkq_l[x^`_lguokj_^kl\hieZqb\Z_lkyih_^bghclZjbnghck_ld_ JZaf_jbmkeh\byhieZlu\Zjvbjmxsb_kyihhljZkeyfb\b^Zf^_yl_evghklb hij_^_eyxlkyihklZgh\e_gbyfbijZ\bl_evkl\Z 187. AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hfJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZmklZgh\e_gZ_^bgZyfbgbfZevgZyklZ\dZ hieZluljm^Z<f_kl_kl_f\aZ\bkbfhklbhlkl_i_gbkeh`ghklbljm^Z^eyjZaguo]jmii jZ[hlgbdh\mklZgh\e_gujZagu_fbgbfZevgu_lZjbnuhieZluljm^ZLZdb_fbgbfZevgu_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_lZjbnuijb\h^ylkygb`_Ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_]jmiiuhij_^_e_gu\ khhl\_lkl\bbkDeZkkbnbdZpb_c^he`ghkl_cJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZCRM 006-97). ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 57 LZ[ebpZ LZjbnuhieZluljm^Z H[kem`b\Zxsbc i_jkhgZe JZ[hqbc \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl kl_i_gb keh`ghklb \uihegy_fhc jZ[hlu g_keh`gZy jZ[hlZ ih ki_pbZevghklb keh`gZy jZ[hlZ ih ki_pbZevghklb hkh[h keh`gZy jZ[hlZ ih ki_pbZevghklb Kem`Zsbc Ki_pbZebkl kh kj_^gbf ki_pbZevguf h[jZah\Zgb_f k \ukrbf h[jZah\Zgb_f Jmdh\h^bl_ev ih^jZa^_e_gby Jmdh\h^bl_ev ij_^ijbylby 1,00 1,00 1,26 1,59 2,07 2,69 3,50 3,85 5,14 188. FbgbfZevguclZjbnhieZluljm^Z^eyi_j\hcdZl_]hjbbmklZgh\e_ggZhkgh\_ kh]eZr_gbyf_`^mkhpbZevgufbiZjlg_jZfbbxjb^bq_kdbaZdj_ie_gihklZgh\e_gbyfb ijZ\bl_evkl\ZGZhljZke_\hfmjh\g_wlZkbkl_fZijbf_gy_lkyihkj_^kl\hfih^ibkZgby dhee_dlb\guoljm^h\uo^h]h\hjh\IhwlhfmjZ[hlh^Zl_ebij_^klZ\eyxsb_lmbebbgmx hljZkevg_bf_xlijZ\ZhieZqb\Zlvljm^k\hbojZ[hlgbdh\ihklZ\d_dhlhjZyf_gvr_ kh]eZkh\Zgghcbml\_j`^_gghc^ey^ZgghchljZkebGZijbf_j\h[jZ[Zlu\Zxs_c ijhfure_gghklbfbgbfZevgucjZaf_jhieZluljm^Z^eyi_j\hcdZl_]hjbbkhklZ\ey_l 115 e__\Z\kljhbl_evkl\_-e__\<\hklhqguojZchgZokljZguZbf_ggh\ Ijb^g_kljh\v_ghjfZlb\gu_Zdlu\h[eZklbhieZluljm^Zg_^_ckl\mxl 189. Ihgylb_fbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZluaZdj_ie_gh\klZlv_AZdhgZ 1305 - XII h[hieZl_ljm^Zhln_\jZey]h^ZbklZlv_Dh^_dkZaZdhgh\hljm^_Kh]eZkgh mdZaZggufghjfZlb\gufZdlZfmklZgh\e_ggZyfbgbfZevgZyaZjZ[hlgZyieZlZy\ey_lky h[yaZl_evghc^ey\k_oohayckl\mxsbokm[t_dlh\g_aZ\bkbfhhlnhjfukh[kl\_gghklbb g_fh`_l[ulvmf_gvr_gZgbdhee_dlb\gufgbbg^b\b^mZevgufljm^h\uf^h]h\hjhf IhaZdhgmfbgbfZevgZyaZjZ[hlgZyieZlZhij_^_ey_lky\fbgbfZevgh^himklbfhf jZaf_j_^_g_`guo\uieZlHgZ\uieZqb\Z_lkygZebqgufbjZ[hlgbdmaZgylhfm hlghkbl_evghg_keh`ghcbebih^kh[ghcjZ[hlhc\ghjfZevguoijhba\h^kl\_gguo mkeh\byoFbgbfZevgZyaZjZ[hlgZyieZlZhij_^_ey_lkygZhkgh\_fbgbfZevgh]h ihlj_[bl_evkdh]h[x^`_lZ<f_kl_kl_fk\yavf_`^mmjh\g_f`bagbbaZjZ[hlghc ieZlhcihdZg_mklZgh\e_gZQlhdZkZ_lkyfbgbfZevgh]hijh`blhqgh]hfbgbfmfZlh ihdZih^g_]hlZd`_g_ih^\_^_gZijZ\h\Zy[ZaZJZaf_jfbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu hij_^_ey_lkybkoh^ybaj_Zevguowdhghfbq_kdbomkeh\bcHgZi_j_kfZljb\Z_lkyihf_j_ jhklZwnn_dlb\ghklbh[s_kl\_ggh]hijhba\h^kl\Zklhbfhklb`bagbkj_^g_caZjZ[hlghc ieZlubaf_g_gbydhgtxgdlmjujugdZjZ[hq_ckbeub^jm]bokhpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdbo mkeh\bcDkh`Ze_gbx\ihke_^gb_r_klve_lwlhlf_oZgbafg_^_ckl\m_lihijbqbg_ lh]hqlhfbgbfZevgZyaZjZ[hlgZyieZlZ[ueZh[ty\e_gZkhpbZevghcghjfhcb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 58 ih\k_f_klghbkihevam_lky^eymklZgh\e_gbyjZaf_jZjZaebqguokhpbZevguo\uieZl i_gkbcklbi_g^bckljZoh\uo\uieZlkhpbZevguoihkh[bcbl^ZlZd`_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguoihrebggZeh]h\lZjbnh\rljZnh\b^jm]bo\b^h\ieZl_`_cdhlhju_ g_k\yaZgukj_amevlZlZfbljm^Z 190. IjZ\bl_evkl\hij_^klZ\behgZjZkkfhlj_gb_iZjeZf_glZijh_dlf_lh^Z mklZgh\e_gbybi_j_kfhljZfbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZluijbgylb_dhlhjh]hiha\hebeh [u\hkklZgh\blv__wdhghfbq_kdmxnmgdpbxKh]eZkghwlhfmijh_dlmfbgbfZevgZy aZjZ[hlgZyieZlZ[m^_ly\eylvkyebrvfbgbfZevguf]ZjZglbjh\Zgguf]hkm^Zjkl\hf mjh\g_faZjieZlujZ[hlgbdZ LZ[ebpZ >Zggu_h[baf_g_gbbjZaf_jZfbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu \khihklZ\e_gbbkfbgbfZevgufihlj_[bl_evkdbf[x^`_lhf FbgbfZevgZy aZjZ[hlgZy ieZlZ \ e_yo FbgbfZevgZy aZjZ[hlgZy ieZlZ ^ey i_j\hc dZl_]hjbb deZkkbnbdZpbb \ e_yo FbgbfZevguc ihlj_[bl_evkdbc [x^`_l \ e_yo 1992 1993 1994 1995 1998 1999 2000 1,7 10,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18,0 65,45 65,45 65,45 ]h^ 3,4 ]h^ 49,3 ]h^ 271,3 ]h^ 310,6 ]h^ 473,0 ]h^ 662,0 ]h^ 901,0 191. AZl_fqlh[uljm^jZ[hlgbdh\hieZqb\ZekyihklZ\dZfg_gb`_fbgbfZevghc aZjZ[hlghcieZluke_^yl]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_hj]ZguaZgbfZxsb_ky\hijhkZfbljm^Z fbgbkl_jkl\hljm^ZkhpbZevghcaZsblubk_fvb[bj`bljm^Zbijhnkhxau?`_]h^gh \k_ohayckl\mxsb_km[t_dluk[he__q_fjZ[hlgbdZfbij_^klZ\eyxl>_iZjlZf_glmih klZlbklbq_kdhfmbkhpbheh]bq_kdhfmZgZebambgnhjfZpbxh[mjh\g_aZjZ[hlghcieZlu k\hbojZ[hlgbdh\<lZdb_hlq_luhgbh[yaZgu\dexqZlvbgnhjfZpbxhl_ojZ[hlgbdZo \hagZ]jZ`^_gb_dhlhjuogb`_fbgbfZevgh]hlZjbnZhieZluljm^Z^eyi_j\hc ijhn_kkbhgZevghcdZl_]hjbb<k_gly[j_ ]h^ZlZdb_jZ[hlgbdbkhklZ\eyeb \k_cjZ[hq_ckbeuijbq_fbagboaZgylu\k_evkdhfohayckl\_HgbjZ[hlZxl g_ihegucjZ[hqbc^_gvbebg_ihegmxjZ[hqmxg_^_ex>eym`_klhq_gbydhgljheyaZ kh[ex^_gb_fmklZgh\e_ggh]hfbgbfZevgh]hjZaf_jZhieZluljm^Zg_h[oh^bfhkha^Zlv ljm^h\mxbgki_dpbx 192. <klZlv_AZdhgZh[hieZl_ljm^Z]h\hjblkyqlhg_^himkdZ_lky^bkdjbfbgZpby jZ[hlgbdh\\aZ\bkbfhklbhl\hajZklZiheZjZkh\hcbebgZpbhgZevghcijbgZ^e_`ghklb iheblbq_kdbom[_`^_gbc\_jhbkih\_^ZgbybebfZl_jbZevgh]hiheh`_gby ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 59 LZ[ebpZ <hagZ]jZ`^_gb_jZ[hlgbdh\\aZ\bkbfhklbhlnhjfukh[kl\_gghklb K_dlhj <k_]h =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc Ih hljZkeyf \ lhf qbke_ K_evkdh_ ohayckl\h hohlZ b \kihfh]Zl_evgu_ mkem]b =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc Ijhfure_gghklv =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc Kljhbl_evkl\h =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc LjZgkihjl =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc Lhj]h\ey =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc H[jZah\Zgb_ =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc A^jZ\hhojZg_gb_ b khpbZevgu_ mkem]b =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc QZklguc Kj_^g_f_kyqgZy aZjieZlZ \ e_yo ]h^ ]h^ ij_^\Zjbl_evgu_ ^Zggu_ 304,6 296,3 256,6 407,7 379,6 374,1 166,7 243,7 214,0 157,8 537,6 634,4 438,2 474,0 415,0 449,7 462,2 520,3 317,4 274,7 489,3 221,8 193,5 188,0 602,5 184,1 331,4 172,7 696,6 792,9 559,4 586,9 603,9 567,5 638,8 742,1 399,7 363,0 643,2 316,8 250,3 329,6 850,6 227,6 182,1 401,9 225,2 429,8 193. Gb`_ijb\h^ylkyij_^\Zjbl_evgu_^Zggu_h\hagZ]jZ`^_gbbjZ[hlgbdh\\ aZ\bkbfhklbhlbklhqgbdZnbgZgkbjh\Zgby Kj_^gyy aZjZ[hlgZy ieZlZ jZ[hlgbdh\ - \k_]h < lhf qbke_ \ [x^`_lghf k_dlhj_ gZ qZklguo ij_^ijbylbyo \k_o nhjf kh[kl\_gghklb e__\ e__\ e__\ LZ[ebpZ Baf_g_gb_kj_^g_f_kyqghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu \-1999 ]h^Zo\e_yo =h^ <k_]h =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc k_dlhj QZklguc k_dlhj 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 108,4 143,2 187,1 219,8 250,4 304,6 112,2 150,3 203,0 234,4 263,9 297,6 104,2 122,4 151,0 174,3 194,4 256,6 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 60 194. IjZ\h\u_ghjfudZkZxsb_kyijh`blhqgh]hfbgbfmfZaZdj_ie_gu\Iheh`_gbb h[hojZg_a^hjh\vybljm^ZbhljZ`_gu\ke_^mxsboghjfZlb\guoZdlZo DhgklblmpbbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z Dh^_dk_aZdhgh\hljm^_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z AZdhg_ 625-XIIh[hojZg_ljm^Zhl bxey ]h^Z AZdhg_ 1513-XIIhkZgblZjgh-wib^_fbheh]bq_kdhfh[_ki_q_gbbgZk_e_gbyhl 16 bxgy ]h^Z IhklZgh\e_gbbijZ\bl_evkl\Z h[h[jZah\Zgbbki_pbZevguonhg^h\hojZgu ljm^Zhl Zij_ey ]h^Z IhklZgh\e_gbbijZ\bl_evkl\Z h[ml\_j`^_gbbIheh`_gbyhihjy^d_ jZkke_^h\Zgbyg_kqZklguokemqZ_\gZijhba\h^kl\_hl Zij_ey ]h^Z IhklZgh\e_gbbijZ\bl_evkl\Z h[ml\_j`^_gbbIheh`_gbyhihjy^d_ ijh\_^_gbywdki_jlbaumkeh\bcljm^Zhl fZjlZ ]h^Z IjZ\beZobghjfZodZkZxsboky]b]b_gubmkeh\bcljm^Z\h\k_ohljZkeyo gZpbhgZevghcwdhghfbdbml\_j`^_gguo=eZ\gufkZgblZjguf\jZqhfJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Z 195. IjZ\h\u_iheh`_gbyh[hojZg_a^hjh\vybljm^Zkh^_j`Zsb_ky\wlbo ghjfZlb\guoZdlZoijbf_gyxlky\hlghr_gbb\k_oljm^ysbokykljZgug_aZ\bkbfhhl nhjfukh[kl\_gghklbbohayckl\h\Zgbywdhghfbq_kdbokm[t_dlh\ LZ[ebpZ QbkehihkljZ^Z\rbo\j_amevlZl_g_kqZklguo kemqZ_\gZijhba\h^kl\_-]h^u =h^ Qbkeh ihkljZ^Z\rbo \ j_amevlZl_ g_kqZklguo kemqZ_\ Qbkeh ih]b[rbo \ j_amevlZl_ g_kqZklguo kemqZ_\ 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 946 1 734 1 307 1 117 872 69 57 54 49 45 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 61 196. Klhqdbaj_gbykms_kl\mxsbomklh_\g_kms_kl\m_lgbdZdboij_iylkl\bc^ey memqr_gbyiheh`_gby`_gsbg\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zkihfhsvxgh\uo ^_fhdjZlbq_kdbobgklblmlh\kha^Zgguoihke_ijh\ha]eZr_gbyg_aZ\bkbfhklb DhgklblmpbygZ^_ey_l\k_o]jZ`^ZgjZ\gufbijZ\ZfbIjZ\hba[bjZlvb[ulvba[jZgguf \jmdh\h^ysb_hj]Zguh[_ki_qb\Z_l`_gsbgZf\hafh`ghklvaZgbfZlvex[mx^he`ghklv khhl\_lkl\mxsmxmjh\gxbod\ZebnbdZpbbklZlvb b 197. H^gZdhg_kfhljygZwlbiheh`_gbymjh\_gvijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\dbb dhfi_l_glghklb`_gsbgug_klhevm`b\Z`_g@_gsbgug_bf_xl^hklmiZdijhp_kkm jZajZ[hldbbhkms_kl\e_gbyiheblbdbkhpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdh]hjZa\blbybijbgylby j_r_gbcbg_mqZkl\mxl\lZdhfijhp_kk_Ebrvg_fgh]bfbagbom^Z_lkyk^_eZlv dZjv_jmbjZklbihkem`[_H^ghcba]eZ\guoijbqbgwlh]h\hafh`ghy\ey_lky iZljbZjoZevguc\a]ey^gZf_klh`_gsbgu\h[s_kl\_LZd[hevrbgkl\hfm`qbgb-qlh ^_ckl\bl_evgh\uau\Z_lh[_kihdh_gghklv-[hevrbgkl\h`_gsbgukqblZxlqlh]hjZa^h \Z`g__\uihegylvk_f_cgu_h[yaZgghklbZg_mqZkl\h\Zlv\h[s_kl\_gghc`bagb < [hevrbgkl\_kemqZ_\gZhkgh\_bf_gghlZdh]h^bkdjbfbgZpbhggh]hih^oh^Zb ijhba\h^blkyhl[hjki_pbZebklh\fm`qbgZfagZqbl_evghe_]q_mkljhblvkygZjZ[hlm ihlhfmqlhhgbg_g_kmlgZk_[_[j_fy\uiheg_gbyk_f_cguoh[yaZgghkl_cb\hkiblZgby ^_l_c@_gsbguijh^he`Zxlbkiulu\Zlvg_]Zlb\gu_ihke_^kl\bywlh]hy\e_gby ihkdhevdmfgh]b_lZdgZau\Z_fu_ijh]j_kkb\gu_kljZl_]bb\_^mldmijhq_gbx ljZ^bpbhggh]hjZa^_e_gbyljm^ZQZklh`_gsbgu\ugm`^_gu\u[bjZlvf_`^mdZjv_jhc baZfm`_kl\hfHkgh\gufbijbqbgZfb^bkdjbfbgZpbby\eyxlkyih\k_^g_\gu_ ijh[e_fukeh`ghklvkhq_lZgby^hfZrgboh[yaZgghkl_ckjZ[hlhciZljbZjoZevguc \a]ey^gZjhev`_gsbgug_\_jb_b\g_dhlhjuokemqZyohljbpZgb_lh]hnZdlZqlh `_gsbguh[eZ^Zxl\k_fbg_h[oh^bfufbagZgbyfbbbgl_ee_dlmZevgufihl_gpbZehf 198. <k_fij_^ijbylbyfaZij_s_ghljm^hmkljZb\Zlv`_gsbggZijhba\h^kl\ZbjZ[hluk ly`_eufbb\j_^gufbmkeh\byfbljm^ZWlhaZdj_ie_gh\ihklZgh\e_gbbijZ\bl_evkl\Z h[ml\_j`^_gbbkibkdZijhba\h^kl\ijhn_kkbcbjZ[hlkly`_eufbb\j_^gufb mkeh\byfbljm^ZgZdhlhjuoaZij_sZ_lkyijbf_g_gb_ljm^Z`_gsbgbghjfij_^_evgh ^himklbfuogZ]jmahd^ey`_gsbgijbih^t_f_bi_j_f_s_gbbly`_kl_c\jmqgmx ihklZgh\e_gb_ijZ\bl_evkl\Z hl hdly[jy ]h^ZKh]eZkghmdZaZgguf ghjfZfij_^_evgh^himklbfZyfZkkZ]jmaZdhlhjucfh`_lih^gbfZlvbi_j_f_sZlv \jmqgmx`_gsbgZkhklZ\ey_l d]^h^\mojZa\qZkIj_^_evgh^himklbfZyfZkkZ ]jmaZdhlhjmx`_gsbgZfh`_lih^gbfZlvbi_j_f_sZlvihklhyggh\l_q_gb_jZ[hq_c kf_gukhklZ\ey_l d] ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 62 199. @_gsbgubfm`qbgu[m^mlh[eZ^ZlvjZ\gufb\hafh`ghklyfbijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h jhklZlhevdh\lhfkemqZ__keb[m^_lj_r_gjy^hklj_crboijh[e_fMemqr_gbx iheh`_gby`_gsbg[m^_lkihkh[kl\h\Zlvbaf_g_gb_f_glZebl_lZbhlghr_gbyd `_gsbgZf-eb^_jZfih\ur_gb_mjh\gybgnhjfbjh\Zgghklbhdhgdj_lguoijh[e_fZo [he__rbjhdh_ijbf_g_gb_ijbgpbiZkh]eZkghdhlhjhfmke_^m_l\uieZqb\Zlv \hagZ]jZ`^_gbyaZ\uiheg_gb_^hfZrgboh[yaZgghkl_cbl^Fbgbkl_jkl\Z\_^hfkl\Z Kh\_l<k_h[s_cn_^_jZpbbijhnkhxah\Kh\_lGZpbhgZevghcdhgn_^_jZpbb jZ[hlh^Zl_e_cJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zbjy^hl\_lkl\_gguo^he`ghklguoebp hkms_kl\eyxsb_dhgljhevbdhhj^bgbjmxsb_j_ZebaZpbxgZijZdlbd_ijbgpbiZ h[_ki_q_gbyjZ\guo\hafh`ghkl_c\k\hbokhhl\_lkl\mxsboh[eZklyoiulZxlkyj_rZlv \ur_i_j_qbke_ggu_ijh[e_fu\dhfie_dk_Ke_^m_lhlf_lblvqlhhlkmlkl\b_hiulZ dhfi_gkbjm_lkyiheblbq_kdhc\he_cdhlhjmxJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Zijhy\ey_lijb \uy\e_gbbijh[e_f\h[eZklbh[_ki_q_gbyjZ\ghijZ\byfm`qbgb`_gsbgGZebqb_ lZdhc\hebkihkh[kl\m_llZd`_baf_g_gbxiheh`_gbydemqr_fm 200. Dh^_dkhfaZdhgh\hljm^_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ubaZdexqZ_fufbdhee_dlb\gufb ljm^h\ufb^h]h\hjZfbij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky\j_fy^eyhl^uoZ<mdZaZgghfDh^_dk_ kh^_j`blkyhl^_evgZy]eZ\Zihk\ys_ggZy\j_f_gb^eyhl^uoZ=eZ\Z V\dexqZ_l 20 klZl_cdZkZxsbokyi_j_ju\h\^eyhl^uoZ\uoh^guo^g_caZij_s_gbyjZ[hlu\ \uoh^gu_^gbdhfi_gkZpbbaZjZ[hlm\\uoh^gu_^gbbl^AZdj_ie_ggu_\wlhc]eZ\_ ghjfukhhl\_lkl\mxlf_`^mgZjh^gufklZg^ZjlZfbbo^_ckl\b_jZkijhkljZgy_lkygZ \k_oljm^ysbokykljZguKlZlvy Dh^_dkZaZdhgh\hljm^_ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l 10 ijZa^gbqguo^g_c\]h^m<wlb^gbaZdjulu\k_ij_^ijbylbymqj_`^_gbyb hj]ZgbaZpbbKlZlvyfb bij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky_`_]h^guchieZqb\Z_fuchlimkd^ey \k_ojZ[hlgbdh\HgkhklZ\ey_lg_f_g__ jZ[hqbo^g_c 201. HdZau\Z_fZy\wlhch[eZklbf_`^mgZjh^gZyihfhsvbf__l[hevrh_agZq_gb_ hkh[_gghkf_lh^heh]bq_kdhclhqdbaj_gby;eZ]h^Zjy_cjZajZ[Zlu\Zxlkyb ijbgbfZxlkygh\u_ghjfZlb\gu_Zdlub\ghkylkybaf_g_gby\m`_kms_kl\mxsb_ KlZlvy 202. J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Zy\ey_lkymqZklgbp_cke_^mxsbodhg\_gpbc Z F_`^mgZjh^gh]hiZdlZh]jZ`^Zgkdbobiheblbq_kdboijZ\Zo ]h^ jZlbnbpbjh\Zggh]hihklZgh\e_gb_fiZjeZf_glZ 217-OIIhl bxey ]h^Zb \klmib\r_]h\kbem^eyJ_kim[ebdb k_gly[jy ]h^Z ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 63 b) Dhg\_gpbbFHLhk\h[h^_ZkkhpbZpbcbaZsbl_ijZ\ZgZhj]ZgbaZpbx 87, 1994 ]h^jZlbnbpbjh\Zgghcj_r_gb_fiZjeZf_glZ 593-XIIIhl k_gly[jy ]h^Z b\klmib\r_c\kbem^eyJ_kim[ebdb Z\]mklZ ]h^Z>hdeZ^h[hkms_kl\e_gbb iheh`_gbcwlhcDhg\_gpbb[ueij_^klZ\e_gFHL\Z\]mkl_ ]h^Z 203. DhgklblmpbyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zij_^mkfZljb\Z_lijZ\hkha^Z\Zlv ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_khxaub\klmiZlv\gboklZlvy Ex[hcjZ[hlgbd\ijZ\_ kha^Z\Zlvijhn_kkbhgZevgu_khxaub\klmiZlv\gbo^eyaZsbluk\hbobgl_j_kh\ Ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_khxaukha^Zxlkybhkms_kl\eyxlk\hx^_yl_evghklvkh]eZkghk\hbf mklZ\Zfb\khhl\_lkl\bbkaZdhghfHgbkh^_ckl\mxlaZsbl_ijhn_kkbhgZevguo wdhghfbq_kdbobkhpbZevguobgl_j_kh\jZ[hlgbdh\ 204. 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Dhgklblmpbhggh_ijZ\h]jZ`^Zgkha^Z\Zlvijhn_kkbhgZevgu_khxaub\klmiZlv\ gboaZdj_ie_ghaZdhghf 1129-XIVhijhn_kkbhgZevguokhxaZohlbxey ]h^Z him[ebdh\Zgghf\HnbpbZevguo\_^hfhklyo 130-hl hdly[jy ]h^Z < khhl\_lkl\bbkiheh`_gbyfbwlh]hAZdhgZ]jZ`^Zg_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZZlZd`_ bghkljZggu_]jZ`^Zg_bebpZ[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\ZgZoh^ysb_kygZaZdhgguohkgh\ZgbyogZ __l_jjblhjbb\ijZ\_ihk\h_fm\u[hjmkha^Z\Zlvijhnkhxaub\klmiZlv\gbo>ey wlh]hbfg_lg_h[oh^bfhklbihemqZlvij_^\Zjbl_evgh_jZaj_r_gb_mim[ebqguo\eZkl_c klZlvy Ijhnkhxafh`_l[ulvh[jZah\ZgihbgbpbZlb\_g_f_g__q_flj_oq_eh\_d dhlhju_\uklmiZxl\dZq_kl\_mqj_^bl_e_cJ_r_gb_hkha^Zgbbi_j\bqghc ijhnkhxaghchj]ZgbaZpbbijbgbfZ_lkymqj_^bl_evgufkh[jZgb_fKh]eZkghimgdlm 3 klZlvb ijhnkhxakha^Z_lky^h[jh\hevghgZhkgh\_h[sbobgl_j_kh\ijhn_kkby hljZkevblib^_ckl\m_ldZdijZ\behgZij_^ijbylbb\mqj_`^_gbbbebhj]ZgbaZpbb g_aZ\bkbfhhlhj]ZgbaZpbhggh-ijZ\h\hcnhjfub\b^Zkh[kl\_gghklbJZ[hlh^Zl_evg_ \ijZ\_ij_iylkl\h\Zlvh[t_^bg_gbxnbabq_kdboebp\ijhnkhxa<k\h_c^_yl_evghklb ijhnkhxaug_aZ\bkbfuhlim[ebqguo\eZkl_c\k_omjh\g_ciheblbq_kdboiZjlbc h[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbcjZ[hlh^Zl_e_cbboh[t_^bg_gbcbbfg_ih^dhgljhevgub g_ih^hlq_lguklZlvy IjbgZ^e_`ghklvdijhnkhxamg_\e_q_ldZdbo-eb[h h]jZgbq_gbcijZ\bk\h[h^q_eh\_dZ]ZjZglbjm_fuoDhgklblmpb_cbf_`^mgZjh^gufb kh]eZr_gbyfbh^ghcbaklhjhgdhlhjuoy\ey_lkyJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZklZlvy ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 64 206. <klZlv_ ]h\hjblkyhlhfqlhAZdhghijhn_kkbhgZevguokhxaZoijbf_gy_lky\ \hbgkdboqZklyob\hj]ZgZo\gmlj_ggbo^_ekmq_lhfhkh[_gghkl_cmklZgh\e_gguo aZdhgh^Zl_evgufbZdlZfbhij_^_eyxsbfbboijZ\h\hcklZlmkHkgh\gu_ijZ\Z ijhnkhxah\i_j_qbke_gu\]eZ\_ IIIAZdhgZ< qZklghklbhgb\dexqZxlke_^mxs__ Z ijhnkhxauij_^klZ\eyxlbaZsbsZxlbgl_j_kuk\hboqe_gh\\hj]ZgZo im[ebqghc\eZklb\k_omjh\g_c b) ijhnkhxaubf_xlijZ\hgZ\_^_gb_dhee_dlb\guoi_j_]h\hjh\k jZ[hlh^Zl_eyfbbboh[t_^bg_gbyfbZlZd`_khj]ZgZfbim[ebqgh]hmijZ\e_gbybgZ aZdexq_gb_dhee_dlb\guo^h]h\hjh\ c) ijhnkhxauaZsbsZxlijZ\hgZljm^bijZ\hgZ\hagZ]jZ`^_gb_aZljm^ dhlhjh_h[_ki_qbeh[u^hklhcgucmjh\_gv`bagb d) ijhnkhxauijbgbfZxlmqZklb_\\ujZ[hld_]hkm^Zjkl\_gghciheblbdb\ h[eZklbhojZguljm^ZbhojZguhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^ub\jZajZ[hld_ijh]jZffmemqr_gby mkeh\bcljm^ZjZ[hlgbdh\ e) ijhnkhxauh[_ki_qb\ZxlkhpbZevgmxaZsblmjZ[hlgbdh\b\khhl\_lkl\bbk aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hfmqZkl\mxl\jZaj_r_gbbbg^b\b^mZevguoljm^h\uokihjh\ f) ijhnkhxaumqZkl\mxl\jZaj_r_gbbdhee_dlb\guoljm^h\uokihjh\ 207. <p_eyoaZsbluijZ\qe_gh\ijhnkhxaZijhnkhxaguchj]ZgkZfhklhyl_evghbebih j_r_gbxqe_gh\khhl\_lkl\mxs_]hijhnkhxaZijh\h^blkh[jZgby\mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghfihjy^d_ 208. <_kvfZqZklhg_agZgb_wlboijZ\\_^_ldgZjmr_gbxaZdhgZ\ukhdhihklZ\e_ggufb ebpZfbGZijbf_jBkihegbl_evgucdhfbl_l<k_h[s_cn_^_jZpbbijhnkhxah\ J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZmdZaZe\ijbeh`_gbbdj_r_gbx 68-hl ^_dZ[jy ]h^Z qlh=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZydZgp_eyjbyJ_kim[ebdbaZij_sZ_l^_yl_evghklvi_j\bqguo ijhnkhxaguohj]ZgbaZpbcbh]jZgbqb\Z_lijZ\hkem`ZsbogZh[t_^bg_gb_\ijhnkhxau gZlhfhkgh\ZgbbqlhAZdhgh]hkm^Zjkl\_gghckem`[_g_ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l^_yl_evghklv h[s_kl\_gguohj]ZgbaZpbc;uehaZij_s_ghkha^Z\ZlvijhnkhxaujZ[hlgbdZf Zdpbhg_jgh]hh[s_kl\Z;mdmjby>_iZjlZf_glZ:glb]jbg^bgZ\QZ^uj-Emg]_b kZoZjghcnZ[jbdb\=bg^_rlZo ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 65 209. KlZlvyAZdhgZh[h[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbyoij_^mkfZljb\Z_lke_^mxsb_ h]jZgbq_gbyijbkha^Zgbbb^_yl_evghklbh[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbc Z g_^himkdZxlkykha^Zgb_b^_yl_evghklvh[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbc klZ\ysbok\h_cp_evxgZkbevkl\_ggh_baf_g_gb_dhgklblmpbhggh]hkljhygZjmr_gb_ p_ehklghklbl_jjblhjbbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZijhiZ]Zg^m\hcgugZkbebyb`_klhdhklb jZa`b]Zgb_khpbZevghcjZkh\hcgZpbhgZevghcbebj_eb]bhaghcjhagb b) aZij_sZ_lkykha^Zgb_h[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbcihky]ZxsbogZijZ\Zb bgl_j_ku]jZ`^ZggZa^hjh\v_ex^_cbh[s_kl\_ggmxfhjZev c) aZij_sZ_lkykha^Zgb_h[s_kl\_gguo\h_gbabjh\Zgguob\hhjm`_gguo nhjfbjh\Zgbc d) mqj_^bl_eyfbh[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbcg_fh]ml[ulv]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ kem`Zsb_\qvb^he`ghklgu_h[yaZgghklb\oh^ylj_]bkljZpbyh[s_kl\_gguo h[t_^bg_gbcbdhgljhevaZbo^_yl_evghklvx e) mqj_^bl_eyfbh[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbcbqe_gZfbbojmdh\h^ysbohj]Zgh\ g_fh]ml[ulvqe_guijZ\bl_evkl\Zb]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_kem`Zsb_ f) aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hffh]mlmklZgZ\eb\Zlvkybbgu_h]jZgbq_gbyhlghkysb_kyd kha^Zgbxhij_^_e_gguo\b^h\h[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbcb\klmie_gbx\gbo dhgdj_lguodZl_]hjbc]hkm^Zjkl\_gguokem`Zsbo 210. KlZlv_c DhgklblmpbbFhe^h\uij_^mkfZljb\Z_lkyijZ\hgZaZ[Zklh\dm AZ[Zklh\dbfh]mlijh\h^blvkylhevdhkp_evxaZsbluijhn_kkbhgZevguobgl_j_kh\ jZ[hlgbdh\wdhghfbq_kdh]hoZjZdl_jZ< imgdl_ ^h[Z\e_gbydDhee_dlb\ghfm ljm^h\hfm^h]h\hjm ]h^Z]h\hjblkyhlhfqlhaZ[Zklh\dbh[ty\eyxlkykp_evx aZsbluijhn_kkbhgZevguobgl_j_kh\ljm^ysbokywdhghfbq_kdh]hbkhpbZevgh]h oZjZdl_jZbg_fh]mlij_ke_^h\Zlviheblbq_kdb_p_ebklZlvy DhgklblmpbbKh]eZkgh klZlv_ AZdhgZ hjZaj_r_gbbdhee_dlb\guoljm^h\uokihjh\hl n_\jZey 1993 ]h^ZmqZklb_\aZ[Zklh\d_y\ey_lky^h[jh\hevgufGbdlhg_fh`_lijbgm^blvd mqZklbxbebg_mqZklbx\aZ[Zklh\d_AZ[Zklh\dZfh`_l[ulvh[ty\e_gZjZ[hlgbdZfb lhevdh^eyaZsbluk\hboijhn_kkbhgZevguobgl_j_kh\wdhghfbq_kdh]hbkhpbZevgh]h oZjZdl_jZAZ[Zklh\dZg_fh`_lij_ke_^h\Zlviheblbq_kdbop_e_cbaZij_sZ_lky h[ty\eylvaZ[Zklh\dmqlh[u^h[blvkyjZklhj`_gbyljm^h\h]h^h]h\hjZkij_^ijbylb_f ijbgylbygZjZ[hlmgZij_^ijbylb_bebi_j_\h^ZebpZgZ^jm]mxjZ[hlmklZlvy 14). ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 66 211. KlZlvyAZdhgZhjZaj_r_gbbdhee_dlb\guoljm^h\uokihjh\ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l h]jZgbq_gbygZijh\_^_gb_aZ[Zklh\dbbgZmqZklb_\g_cAZ[Zklh\dZg_^himkdZ_lky Z _kebhgZkha^Z_lj_Zevgmxm]jham`bagbba^hjh\vxex^_c b) \hj]ZgZo]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc\eZklbbmijZ\e_gby c) \ijZ\hhojZgbl_evguohj]ZgZobhj]ZgZo]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc[_ahiZkghklb d) gZij_^ijbylbyo`_e_agh^hjh`gh]hljZgkihjlZ]jZ`^ZgkdhcZ\bZpbbk\yab wg_j]_lbdbb\h[hjhgghcijhfure_gghklb e) gZg_ij_ju\gh^_ckl\mxsboijhba\h^kl\ZohklZgh\dZdhlhjuok\yaZgZk ly`_eufbihke_^kl\byfb KlZlvy 212. <khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_cDhgklblmpbbdZ`^ucq_eh\_dbf__lijZ\hgZljm^ k\h[h^guc\u[hjjZ[hlukijZ\_^eb\u_bm^h\e_l\hjbl_evgu_mkeh\byljm^ZZlZd`_ ijZ\hgZaZsblmhl[_ajZ[hlbpuJZ[hlgbdbbf_xlijZ\hgZaZsblmljm^ZF_juih aZsbl_dZkZxlky[_ahiZkghklbb]b]b_guljm^Zj_`bfZljm^Z`_gsbgbfheh^_`b fbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu_`_g_^_evgh]hhl^uoZhieZqb\Z_fh]hhlimkdZZlZd`_ ^jm]bodhgdj_lguokblmZpbc 213. 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JZ[hlgbdbZ\khhl\_lkl\mxsbokemqZyobqe_gubok_f_ch[_ki_qb\Zxlky\ ihjy^d_khpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby Z ihkh[byfbih\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklbih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zfmoh^m aZj_[_gdhf^h^hklb`_gbybf\hajZklZ]h^Z b) ihkh[byfbihkemqZxjh`^_gbyj_[_gdZihkh[byfbgZih]j_[_gb_ k i_gkbyfbih\hajZklmihbg\Zeb^ghklbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZZlZd`_ i_gkbyfbaZ\ukem]me_lmklZgh\e_ggufb^eyg_dhlhjuodZl_]hjbcjZ[hlgbdh\ Kj_^kl\ZkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\ZgbybkihevamxlkylZd`_gZkZgZlhjgh-dmjhjlgh_e_q_gb_ jZ[hlgbdh\h[kem`b\Zgb_boijhnbeZdlhjbyfbb^hfZfbhl^uoZgZe_q_[gh_ ^b_lbq_kdh_iblZgb_gZkh^_j`Zgb_ha^hjh\bl_evguoeZ]_j_c^eybo^_l_cbgZ^jm]b_ f_jhijbylbyihkhpbZevghfmkljZoh\ZgbxKj_^kl\ZkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyfh]ml jZkoh^h\Zlvkylhevdhihk\h_fmijyfhfmgZagZq_gbxklZlvy 246). 216. Ihkh[byih\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb\uieZqb\Zxlkyih[he_agbm\_qvx aZ[he_\Zgbxlm[_jdme_ahf\j_f_gghfmi_j_\h^mgZ^jm]mxjZ[hlm\k\yabk ijhn_kkbhgZevgufaZ[he_\Zgb_fijbmoh^_aZ[hevgufqe_ghfk_fvbdZjZglbg_b kZgZlhjgh-dmjhjlghfe_q_gbb\jZaf_j_^hihegh]haZjZ[hldZIjb[he_agbbebm\_qv_ ihkh[by\uieZqb\Zxlky^h\hkklZgh\e_gbyljm^hkihkh[ghklbbebmklZgh\e_gby bg\Zeb^ghklbklZlvy 247). 217. Ihkh[byih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zf\uieZqb\Zxlky\l_q_gb_\k_]hhlimkdZih [_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zf\jZaf_j_ihegh]haZjZ[hldZklZlvy 248). 218. Ihkh[byihkemqZxjh`^_gbyj_[_gdZij_^gZagZq_gu^eyijbh[j_l_gbyij_^f_lh\ moh^ZaZgh\hjh`^_ggufbiblZgby^eyg_]hklZlvy 249). 219. Ihkh[b_gZih]j_[_gb_\u^Z_lky\kemqZ_kf_jlbjZ[hlgbdZZlZd`_\kemqZ_kf_jlb qe_gZk_fvbklZlvy 250). 220. Hkgh\gu_mkeh\byh[_ki_q_gbybjZaf_jihkh[byihkhpbZevghfmkljZoh\Zgbx mklZgZ\eb\ZxlkyaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hfklZlvy 120-1). ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 68 221. =jZ`^Zg_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZbghkljZggu_]jZ`^Zg_bebpZ[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Z bf_xlijZ\hgZ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_i_gkbhggh_h[_ki_q_gb_ih\hajZklmihbg\Zeb^ghklb ihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZbaZ\ukem]me_lgZmkeh\byob\ihjy^d_hij_^_ey_fhf AZdhghfh]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfi_gkbhgghfh[_ki_q_gbbklZlvy 222. 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Ex[u_hklZldb[x^`_lZi_j_ghkylkygZke_^mxsbc]h^bbkihevamxlky\p_eyo mklZgh\e_gguoaZdhghfL_dmsbc^_nbpbl[x^`_lZihdju\Z_lkybak\h[h^guo ^_g_`guokj_^kl\[x^`_lZaZij_^u^msb_]h^uZihke_bobkq_jiZgby-baj_a_j\gh]h nhg^ZGZk\h[h^gu_^_g_`gu_kj_^kl\Z[x^`_lZgZqbkeyxlkyijhp_gluIjhp_glgu_ klZ\dbmklZgZ\eb\Zxlky^h]h\hjZfbaZdexqZ_fufbGZpbhgZevghcdZkkhck =hkm^Zjkl\_ggufdZagZq_ckl\hfbeb[ZgdZfb>_nbpbl[x^`_lZ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h khpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyihke_bkq_jiZgbyj_a_j\gh]hnhg^Zihdju\Z_lkyaZkq_l ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 75 km[kb^bcba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h[x^`_lZ<kemqZ_khdjZs_gby\hagbdgh\_gby^_nbpblZ [x^`_lZ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby\ke_^kl\b_\uiheg_gby ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\iZjeZf_glZhgihdju\Z_lkyba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h[x^`_lZ 236. 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IjZ\hgZi_gkbxih\hajZklmij_^mkfZljb\Z_fh_klZlv_c \hagbdZ_lijb \uiheg_gbbmkeh\bcihklZlvyfb Z gZqbgZykyg\Zjy ]h^ZmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl^ey fm`qbg -e_lbf_kyp_\^ey`_gsbg-e_lbf_kyp_\< dZ`^hfihke_^mxs_f ]h^mhg[m^_lm\_ebqb\Z_lkygZr_klvf_kyp_\Kyg\Zjy]h^Zi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl ^eyfm`qbg[m^_lkhklZ\eylve_lZ^ey`_gsbg-e_lkflZ[ebpmgb`_ LZ[ebpZ I_gkbhgguc\hajZkl-]h^u K yg\Zjy 1999 ]h^Z 2000 ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z I_gkbhgguc \hajZkl Fm`qbgu @_gsbgu e_l b f_kyp_\ e_l b f_kyp_\ ]h^ e_l ]h^ b f_kyp_\ e_l b f_kyp_\ ]h^Z e_l ]h^Z b f_kyp_\ e_l b f_kyp_\ ]h^Z e_l ]h^Z b f_kyp_\ e_l b f_kyp_\ ]h^Z e_l ]h^Z b f_kyp_\ e_l b f_kyp_\ e_l e_l b) gZqbgZykyg\Zjy ]h^Z^ey`_gsbgjh^b\rbob\hkiblZ\rbo^h \hkvfbe_lg_]h\hajZklZiyl_juob[he__^_l_cmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl\ 50 e_lb f_kyp_\<dZ`^hfihke_^mxs_f]h^mhg[m^_lm\_ebqb\ZlvkygZ^_\ylv f_kyp_\bkyg\Zjy ]h^Z[m^_lkhklZ\eylve_lkflZ[ebpmgb`_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 80 LZ[ebpZ K yg\Zjy 1999 ]h^Z 2000 ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z 2011 ]h^Z I_gkbhgguc\hajZkl^eyfZl_j_cbf_xsbo iyl_juob [he__^_l_c I_gkbhgguc \hajZkl ^ey fZl_j_c bf_xsbo iyl_juo b [he__ ^_l_c e_l b f_kyp_\ ]h^ b f_kyp_\ ]h^Z b f_kypZ ]h^Z ]h^Z b f_kyp_\ 5 ]h^Z b f_kyp_\ e_l b f_kypZ e_l e_l b f_kyp_\ e_l b f_kyp_\ e_l f_kypZ e_l 60 e_l k gZqbgZykyg\Zjy ]h^Zi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl^eyebpaZgyluogZjZ[hlZo khkh[h\j_^gufbbhkh[hly`_eufbmkeh\byfbljm^Z\dexq_gguo\kibkhd ml\_j`^_ggucihklZgh\e_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z hl^_dZ[jy]h^Z mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky^eyfm`qbg-e_lb f_kyp_\^ey`_gsbg -e_lb f_kyp_\ < dZ`^hfihke_^mxs_f]h^m^hyg\Zjy]h^Zi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl[m^_l m\_ebqb\ZlvkygZ f_kyp_\^eyfm`qbgb^ey`_gsbgKyg\Zjyi_gkbhgguc\hajZkl mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky^eyfm`qbg-e_lb^ey`_gsbg-e_lkflZ[ebpm LZ[ebpZ K yg\Zjy ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z 2006 ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z ]h^Z I_gkbhgguc\hajZkl^eyebpaZgyluogZjZ[hlZo khkh[h\j_^gufbbhkh[hly`_eufbmkeh\byfbljm^Z I_gkbhgguc \hajZkl ^ey ebp aZgyluo gZ jZ[hlZo k hkh[h \j_^gufb b hkh[h ly`_eufb mkeh\byfb ljm^Z Fm`qbgu @_gsbgu e_l f_kyp_\ e_l f_kyp_\ e_l f_kyp_\ ]h^ f_kyp_\ e_l f_kypZ ]h^Z f_kypZ e_l ]h^Z e_l f_kyp_\ ]h^Z f_kyp_\ e_l f_kyp_\ ]h^Z f_kyp_\ e_l f_kypZ e_l f_kypZ ]h^ e_l ]h^ f_kyp_\ e_l f_kyp_\ ]h^Z f_kyp_\ e_l f_kyp_\ ]h^Z f_kypZ e_l f_kypZ ]h^Z e_l e_l e_l ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 81 247. KlZlvy h]h\Zjb\Z_lkljZoh\hcklZ`mklZgZ\eb\Z_fucgZ-2008 ]h^u Z gZqbgZyk yg\Zjy ]h^Z^eygZagZq_gbyi_gkbbih\hajZklmg_h[oh^bfuc kljZoh\hcklZ`[m^_lkhklZ\eylv^eyfm`qbg - 26 e_l^ey`_gsbg - 22 ]h^Z< dZ`^hf ihke_^mxs_f]h^mhg[m^_lm\_ebqb\ZlvkygZh^bg]h^^eyfm`qbgbgZ^\Z ]h^Z^ey `_gsbgZk yg\Zjy ]h^Z -gZh^bg]h^b^eyfm`qbgb^ey`_gsbgihdZg_ ^hklb]g_l e_lkflZ[ebpm 21). 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I_gkbyih\hajZklmbkqbkey_lky\khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c AZdhgZ Z jZaf_jiheghci_gkbbih\hajZklmhij_^_ey_lkybajZkq_lZ aZkljZoh\Zggh]h^hoh^ZmdZaZggh]h\klZlv_ aZdZ`^uc]h^g_h[oh^bfh]hkljZoh\h]h klZ`Z e_l ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 82 b) ^eyaZkljZoh\Zggh]hebpZkhkljZoh\ufklZ`_f[he__ e_ljZaf_jiheghc i_gkbbm\_ebqb\Z_lkygZhlaZkljZoh\Zggh]h^hoh^ZaZdZ`^uc^hihegbl_evguc kljZoh\hc]h^ k _kebaZkljZoh\Zggh_ebphbf_yijZ\hgZi_gkbx\khhl\_lkl\bbkqZklvx 1 klZlvb g_j_Zebah\Zeh_]hjZaf_ji_gkbbm\_ebqb\Z_lkygZhliheghci_gkbbaZ dZ`^uckljZoh\hc]h^hljZ[hlZggucihke_^hklb`_gbymklZgh\e_ggh]hi_gkbhggh]h \hajZklZ d) gb`_ijb\h^ylkynhjfmeubkqbke_gbyjZaf_jZi_gkbbih\hajZklm jZaf_jiheghci_gkbbih\hajZklmbkqbkey_lkyihnhjfme_ P = {1,2% * 35 + 2% * (Vt - 35) + 2% * (R-Rn)} * Sa, ]^_ P Vt Sa Rn R = = = = = jZaf_ji_gkbb ih^l\_j`^_gguckljZoh\hcklZ`g_f_g__e_l kj_^g_f_kyqgucaZkljZoh\Zgguc^hoh^ i_gkbhgguc\hajZklmklZgh\e_gguc\khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c 15; nZdlbq_kdbc\hajZklijb\uoh^_gZi_gkbx ?kebaZkljZoh\Zggh_ebphih^hklb`_gbbi_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZmklZgh\e_ggh]h\ khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c ih^l\_j`^Z_lkljZoh\hcklZ`g_f_g__ghg_[he__ e_l jZaf_ji_gkbbbkqbkey_lkyihnhjfme_ P = 1,2% * Vt * Sa; _ _kebjZaf_ji_gkbbbkqbke_gghcijbgZebqbb-e_lg_]hkljZoh\h]hklZ`Z f_gvr_jZaf_jZfbgbfZevghci_gkbbgZagZqZ_lkyfbgbfZevgZyi_gkby f) jZaf_jfbgbfZevghci_gkbbih\urZ_lky\ihjy^d_ij_^mkfhlj_gghf qZklyfb b g) _kebjZaf_ji_gkbbbkqbke_gghcijbg_iheghfkljZoh\hfklZ`_f_gvr_ jZaf_jZfbgbfZevghci_gkbbgZagZqZ_lkyi_gkby\bkqbke_gghfjZaf_j_ghhgg_ ^he`_g[ulvgb`_jZaf_jZfbgbfZevghci_gkbbbkqbke_ggh]hijhihjpbhgZevgh bf_xs_fmkykljZoh\hfmklZ`m ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 83 250. I_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZ_lkyihke_mklZgh\e_gbybg\Zeb^ghklb Bg\Zeb^ghklvijbqbgZ]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklbb\j_fy__gZklmie_gbymklZgZ\eb\Zxlky dhgkbebmfZfb\jZq_[ghcwdki_jlbau`bag_kihkh[ghklbD<W@gZhkgh\Zgbb iheh`_gbcml\_j`^_gguoijZ\bl_evkl\hfklZlvy Mkeh\bygZagZq_gbyi_gkbbih bg\Zeb^ghklby\eyxlkyke_^mxsbfb Z i_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZ_lkyaZkljZoh\ZggufebpZfijbiheghcbeb qZklbqghcmljZl_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb\ke_^kl\b_ i) h[s_]haZ[he_\Zgby ii) ljm^h\h]hm\_qvy iii) ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]haZ[he_\Zgby b) \aZ\bkbfhklbhlkl_i_gbmljZluljm^hkihkh[ghklbmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyh^gZba lj_o]jmiibg\Zeb^ghklb k i_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZ_lkylhevdh^h^hklb`_gbymklZgh\e_ggh]h i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZklZlvy 19). 251. < klZlv_ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lkykljZoh\hcklZ`g_h[oh^bfuc^eygZagZq_gbyi_gkbb ihbg\Zeb^ghklbI_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_h[s_]haZ[he_\ZgbygZagZqZ_lky aZkljZoh\ZggufebpZfijbgZebqbbke_^mxs_]hkljZoh\h]hklZ`Zdh\j_f_gb mklZgh\e_gbybg\Zeb^ghklbkflZ[ebpm 22): LZ[ebpZ <hajZklgZklmie_gbybg\Zeb^ghklbbkljZoh\hcklZ` <hajZkl gZ ^_gv gZklmie_gby bg\Zeb^ghklb >h e_l 23 - e_l 26 - ]h^ K\ur_ ]h^Z KljZoh\hc klZ` e_l 2 3 4 5 252. I_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_ljm^h\h]hm\_qvybebijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h aZ[he_\ZgbygZagZqZxlkyg_aZ\bkbfhhlgZebqbykljZoh\h]hklZ`ZIjbi_j_\h^_k i_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_ljm^h\h]hm\_qvybebijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h aZ[he_\ZgbygZi_gkbxihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_h[s_]haZ[he_\Zgbyg_h[oh^bfuc kljZoh\hcklZ`hij_^_ey_lky\aZ\bkbfhklbhl\hajZklZdh\j_f_gbi_j\hgZqZevgh]h mklZgh\e_gbybg\Zeb^ghklb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 84 253. JZaf_ji_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklbbkqbkey_lky\aZ\bkbfhklbhl]jmiiubg\Zeb^ghklb ihke_^mxsbfnhjfmeZf I]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklb P = 0,42 * Sa + Va * Sa * 0,1 ; Vmax II]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklb P = 0,35 * Sa + Va * Sa * 0,1; Vmax III]jmiiZbg\Zeb^ghklb P = 0,20 * Sa + Va * Sa * 0,1, Vmax ]^_ = jZaf_ji_gkbb = kj_^g_f_kyqgucaZkljZoh\Zgguc^hoh^bkqbke_ggucihke_\klmie_gby\ kbemgZklhys_]hAZdhgZ?]hjZaf_jg_^he`_gij_\urZlvjZaf_jZ^\mo kj_^gboaZjZ[hlguoieZlihkljZg_\]h^mij_^r_kl\h\Z\r_f]h^m gZagZq_gbyi_gkbb Va = nZdlbq_kdbckljZoh\hcklZ` Vmax = fZdkbfZevgh\hafh`guckljZoh\hcklZ`aZi_jbh^hle_l^h i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZij_^mkfhlj_ggh]hklZlv_c ghg_ij_\urZxsbc e_l P Sa 254. ?kebjZaf_ji_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklbgb`_jZaf_jZfbgbfZevghci_gkbb gZagZqZ_lkyfbgbfZevgZyi_gkbyFbgbfZevgZyi_gkbykhklZ\ey_l^eyIbII]jmii bg\Zeb^ghklbZ^eylj_lv_c]jmiiu-hlfbgbfZevghci_gkbbih\hajZklmIh ^jm]bf]jmiiZfbg\Zeb^ghklbjZaf_ji_gkbbhij_^_ey_lky\khhl\_lkl\bbkgh\uf j_r_gb_fD<W@klZlvy 21). 255. I_gkbyihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZ_lky_kebmf_jrbc[uei_gkbhg_jhf bebbf_eijZ\hgZi_gkbxklZlvy I_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZxlky ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 85 Z ^_lyfg_^hklb]rbf e_lbebklZjr_wlh]h\hajZklZh[mqZxsbfkygZ ^g_\guohl^_e_gbyokj_^gbokj_^gboki_pbZevguob\ukrbomq_[guoaZ\_^_gbc^h hdhgqZgbymq_[ughg_^hevr_q_f^h^hklb`_gbybfb e_l b) khklhy\r_fm\[jZd_kmf_jrbfg_f_g__ e_lbg_\klmib\r_fm\ ih\lhjguc[jZdkmijm]m_kebhggZ^_gvkf_jlbdhjfbevpZbebg_iha^g__iylbe_lihke_ _]hkf_jlb^hklb]i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZmdZaZggh]h\klZlv_ eb[hklZebg\Zeb^hf I bebII]jmiiu k g_jZ[hlZxs_fmkmijm]mbebbghfmebpmhkms_kl\eyxs_fmmoh^aZ^_lvfb mf_jr_]hdhjfbevpZg_^hklb]rbfb\hajZklZlj_oe_lklZlvy 25). 256. <klZlv_ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyf_lh^bkqbke_gbyi_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZ JZaf_ji_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZkhklZ\ey_lhli_gkbbbeb\hafh`ghc i_gkbbih\hajZklmdhjfbevpZbkqbke_gghc\khhl\_lkl\bbkhke_^mxs_cnhjfmehc P = 1,2% * Vt * Sa I_gkbymklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\aZ\bkbfhklbhlqbkeZb`^b\_gp_\-ihemqZl_e_c ke_^mxsbfh[jZahf Z gZh^gh]h- 50%; b) gZ^\mo- 75%; k gZlj_ob[he__- 100%. 257. FbgbfZevgucjZaf_ji_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZmklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\ aZ\bkbfhklbhlqbkeZihemqZl_e_ci_gkbbke_^mxsbfh[jZahf Z gZh^gh]h- 50%; b) gZ^\mo- 75%; k gZlj_ob[he__- 100%; ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 86 >_lyfihl_jy\rbfh[hbojh^bl_e_cgZagZqZ_lkyi_gkbyij_^klZ\eyxsZykh[hckmffm i_gkbcbkqbke_gguo^eydZ`^h]hbajh^bl_e_cFbgbfZevgucjZaf_ji_gkbbihkemqZx ihl_jbdhjfbevpZ-h[hbojh^bl_e_c-^eydZ`^h]hba^_l_cg_fh`_l[ulvf_g__ fbgbfZevghci_gkbbih\hajZklm^eykhhl\_lkl\mxs_cdZl_]hjbb 258. JZaf_ji_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkygZhkgh\_ Z i_gkbbmf_jr_]hdhjfbevpZ_kebhg[uei_gkbhg_jhfbebbf_eijZ\hgZ ihegmxi_gkbx\kemqZ_bg\Zeb^ghklbIbebII]jmiiu b) i_gkbbih\hajZklmdhjfbevpZij_^mkfhlj_gghcaZdhghfkmq_lhfjZaf_jZ kljZoh\uo\aghkh\ 259. <imgdl_ZklZlvb hij_^_eyxlkyebpZbf_xsb_ijZ\hgZi_gkbxihkemqZx ihl_jbdhjfbevpZIhemqZl_eyfi_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZmdZaZgguf\ imgdlZo bbkklZlvb i_gkby\uieZqb\Z_lky\kemqZ__kebhgbg_bf_xl^hoh^Z ih^e_`Zs_]h]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfmkhpbZevghfmkljZoh\ZgbxklZlvy 27). 260. <k_i_gkbbgZagZqZxlkyb\uieZqb\Zxlkyhj]ZgZfbkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby Ihjy^hdhj]ZgbaZpbbjZ[hluihgZagZq_gbxb\uieZl_i_gkbchij_^_ey_lky ijZ\bl_evkl\hfklZlvy I_gkbygZagZqZ_lkyihaZy\e_gbxebpZbf_xs_]hgZg__ ijZ\h_]hhi_dmgZbebihi_qbl_eyAZy\e_gb_hgZagZq_gbbi_gkbbbij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ gZklhysbfAZdhghf^hdmf_gluih^l\_j`^Zxsb_ijZ\hgZg__ij_^klZ\eyxlky\ l_jjblhjbZevguchj]ZgkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyihf_klmihklhyggh]h`bl_evkl\Z aZkljZoh\Zggh]hebpZJ_r_gb_hgZagZq_gbbbebh[hldZa_\gZagZq_gbbi_gkbb \ughkblkyl_jjblhjbZevgufhj]ZghfkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyg_iha^g__ ^g_ckh^gy ih^ZqbaZy\e_gbyIbkvf_ggh_khh[s_gb_hj_r_gbbgZijZ\ey_lkyaZy\bl_ex\l_q_gb_ iylb^g_ckh^gy\ug_k_gbyj_r_gbyklZlvy 31). 261. <klZlv_ mklZgZ\eb\ZxlkykjhdbgZagZq_gbyi_gkbbI_gkbbih\hajZklm gZagZqZxlkyih`bag_gghI_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZxlkygZi_jbh^ hij_^_e_ggucD<W@ghg_^hevr_q_f^h^hklb`_gbybg\Zeb^hfmklZgh\e_ggh]h i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZI_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZxlkygZi_jbh^\ l_q_gb_dhlhjh]hgZebq_kl\mxlmkeh\byij_^mkfhlj_ggu_klZlv_c 25. 262. <aZ\bkbfhklbhl\b^Zi_gkbbmklZgZ\eb\Zxlkyke_^mxsb_kjhdbbogZagZq_gby Z i_gkbbih\hajZklmgZagZqZxlkykh^gy\hagbdgh\_gbyijZ\ZgZi_gkbx_keb aZy\e_gb_b\k_g_h[oh^bfu_^hdmf_glu[uebij_^klZ\e_gug_iha^g__ ^g_cihke_ wlhc^Zlu ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 87 b) i_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklbgZagZqZxlkykh^gyhk\b^_l_evkl\h\ZgbyD<W@_keb aZy\e_gb_b\k_g_h[oh^bfu_^hdmf_glu[uebij_^klZ\e_gug_iha^g__ ^g_cihke_ wlhc^Zlu k i_gkbbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZxlkykh^gykf_jlbdhjfbevpZ _kebaZy\e_gb_b\k_g_h[oh^bfu_^hdmf_glu[uebij_^klZ\e_gug_iha^g__ ^g_c ihke_wlhc^Zlu d) ijbbkl_q_gbbkjhdh\mdZaZgguo\imgdlZo Zbbk\k_\b^ui_gkbb gZagZqZxlkykh^gyih^ZqbaZy\e_gby 263. <kemqZ_\uy\e_gbygh\uoh[klhyl_evkl\bf_\rbof_klh^hgZagZq_gbyi_gkbb ijhba\h^blkyi_j_kfhlj__jZaf_jZGh\ucjZaf_ji_gkbbmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkykf_kypZ ke_^mxs_]haZl_f\dhlhjhfjZg__g_ba\_klgu_h[klhyl_evkl\Z[ueb\uy\e_gu klZlvy 32). 264. <khhl\_lkl\bbk]eZ\hcAZdhgZ-XIVhlbxey ]h^ZhaZ]eZ\e_gghc >jm]b_ihkh[byihkhpbZevghfmkljZoh\Zgbx\]hkm^Zjkl\_gghckbkl_f_ aZkljZoh\Zggu_ebpZdjhf_ijZ\ZgZi_gkbxbf_xlijZ\hgZke_^mxsb_ihkh[by a) ih\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklbh[mkeh\e_gghch[sbfaZ[he_\Zgb_f g_kqZklgufkemqZ_fijhn_kkbhgZevgufaZ[he_\Zgb_fbebljm^h\ufm\_qv_f b) ihij_^mij_`^_gbxaZ[he_\Zgbcb\hkklZgh\e_gbxljm^hkihkh[ghklb c) ihfZl_jbgkl\m d) ih\hkiblZgbxj_[_gdZbmoh^maZ[hevgufj_[_gdhf e) ih[_ajZ[hlbp_ f) gZih]j_[_gb_klZlvy 265. Ihjy^hdij_^hklZ\e_gbygZagZq_gbyb\uieZlu^jm]boihkh[bckhpbZevgh]h kljZoh\Zgbyj_]eZf_glbjm_lkyaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hfklZlvy 266. >\Z^pZlvlj_lv_]hk_gly[jy]h^ZiZjeZf_glijbgyeihklZgh\e_gb_h KljZl_]bbj_nhjfukbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby<khhl\_lkl\bbkhKljZl_]b_c ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 88 a) i_gkbhggh_h[_ki_q_gb_y\ey_lky\Z`ghcqZklvxkbkl_fukhpbZevghcaZsblu WlZkbkl_fZij_^mkfZljb\Z_lhkms_kl\e_gb_dhfie_dkZf_jwdhghfbq_kdh]hijZ\h\h]h khpbZevgh]hbhj]ZgbaZpbhggh]hoZjZdl_jZgZijZ\e_gguogZh[_ki_q_gb_bih^^_j`Zgb_ `bag_ggh]hmjh\gyg_ljm^hkihkh[gh]hgZk_e_gbybfZehbfmsbo]jZ`^Zg b) ijZ\h\mxhkgh\mkbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gbykhklZ\eyxlaZdhgumdZau ij_ab^_glZihklZgh\e_gbyijZ\bl_evkl\Zb^jm]b_ghjfZlb\gu_Zdlu j_]eZf_glbjmxsb_ijZ\hhlghr_gby\wlhch[eZklb c) nbgZgkbjh\Zgb_\uieZlui_gkbchkms_kl\ey_lkybakj_^kl\KhpbZevgh]h nhg^ZJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZZlZd`_bakj_^kl\]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hbf_klguo[x^`_lh\ kbkl_fZi_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zho\Zlu\Z_l]jZ`^Zg bebgZk_e_gbykljZguI_gkbbih\hajZklmihemqZxlq_eh\_dih bg\Zeb^ghklb-q_eh\_dihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZ-q_eh\_daZ\ukem]m e_l-q_eh\_dbkhpbZevgu_i_gkbb- 38 400∗; d) mkeh\byfbihemq_gbyijZ\ZgZi_gkbxy\eyxlky^hklb`_gb_i_gkbhggh]h \hajZklZgZebqb_g_h[oh^bfh]hljm^h\h]hklZ`ZmljZlZljm^hkihkh[ghklbbebihl_jy dhjfbevpZ e) jZaf_ji_gkbbaZ\bkblhlkj_^g_f_kyqgh]haZjZ[hldZklZ`ZjZ[hlub^jm]bo mkeh\bcgZijbf_jgZebqbyb`^b\_gp_\moh^ZaZg_ljm^hkihkh[gufbebpZfbbl^>ey ebpihemqZxsbohlghkbl_evghgbadb_i_gkbbmklZgZ\eb\Zxlkyki_pbZevgu_^hieZlu\ \b^_ih\ur_gbcbdhfi_gkZpbc f) i_gkbhgguc\hajZklmklZgh\e_ggZmjh\g_e_l^eyfm`qbgbe_l^ey `_gsbg>eyhl^_evguodZl_]hjbcjZ[hlgbdh\\uihegyxsboly`_eu_b\j_^gu_jZ[hlu kh]eZkghKibkdmbKibkdmml\_j`^_ggufihklZgh\e_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z hl^_dZ[jy]h^ZjZ[hlZxsbo\k_evkdhfohayckl\_kh]eZkghKibkdm ml\_j`^_gghfmihklZgh\e_gb_fiZjeZf_glZ-XIIhl Zij_ey ]h^Z fgh]h^_lguofZl_j_cbg\Zeb^h\\hcgub^jm]bowlhlmjh\_gvdhe_[e_lkyhl ^h 59 e_l g) ijbhij_^_e_gbbkj_^g_f_kyqgh]haZjZ[hldZ^eygZqbke_gbyi_gkbc[_jmlky ex[u_iylve_lih^jy^ih\u[hjmh[jZlb\r_]hkyaZi_gkb_cbaihke_^gboe_ljZ[hlu i_j_^gZagZq_gb_fi_gkbb<lZdhcaZjZ[hlhd\dexqZxlky\k_\b^uhieZluljm^ZgZ dhlhju_gZqbkey_lkykljZoh\hc\aghk ∗ >Zggu_ijb\h^ylky[_amq_lZe_\h[_j_`guojZchgh\>g_kljZ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 89 h) i_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_h[s_]haZ[he_\ZgbygZagZqZxlkyijb gZebqbbhij_^_e_ggh]hklZ`ZjZ[hlub\hajZklZgZ^_gvgZklmie_gbybg\Zeb^ghklb I_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_ihemq_gbyljm^h\h]hm\_qvybebijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h aZ[he_\ZgbygZagZqZxlkyg_aZ\bkbfhhlklZ`ZjZ[hluIjbqbgu]jmiiub\j_fy gZklmie_gbybg\Zeb^ghklbmklZgZ\eb\ZxlkydhgkbebmfZfb\jZq_[ghcwdki_jlbau `bag_kihkh[ghklbD<W@ i) mkeh\bygZagZq_gbyi_gkbcihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZb^_glbqgumkeh\byf gZagZq_gbyi_gkbbihbg\Zeb^ghklbbaZ\bkylhlijbqbgugZklmie_gbykf_jlb dhjfbevpZ?kebkf_jlvgZklmibeZ\ke_^kl\b_ihemq_gbyljm^h\h]hm\_qvybeb ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]haZ[he_\Zgbyi_gkbyihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZ_lky g_aZ\bkbfhhl_]hklZ`ZjZ[hlu j) hl^_evgufdZl_]hjbyf]jZ`^ZgaZgyluogZjZ[hlZo\uiheg_gb_dhlhjuo \_^_ldmljZl_ijhn_kkbhgZevghcljm^hkihkh[ghklbbebijb]h^ghklb^hgZklmie_gby i_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZgZagZqZ_lkyi_gkbyaZ\ukem]me_lijbmkeh\bbhklZ\e_gby jZ[hlu^Zxs_cijZ\hgZwlhl\b^i_gkbb k) ^eyebpklZ\rbobg\Zeb^Zfb\ke_^kl\b_q_jgh[uevkdhcdZlZkljhnui_gkbb ihbg\Zeb^ghklbmklZgZ\eb\Zxlky\jZaf_jZo\haf_sZxsbonZdlbq_kdbcms_j[ g_aZ\bkbfhhlljm^h\h]hklZ`ZQe_gZfk_f_cebpmf_jrbo\ke_^kl\b_m\_qvybeb aZ[he_\Zgbyh[mkeh\e_gguoZ\Zjb_cgZQ_jgh[uevkdhc:WKgZagZqZxlkyi_gkbbih kemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZg_aZ\bkbfhhl_]hljm^h\h]hklZ`Z\jZaf_j_\haf_sZxs_f nZdlbq_kdbcms_j[ghg_f_g__fbgbfZevghci_gkbbih\hajZklmgZdZ`^h]hqe_gZ k_fvbI_gkbbih\hajZklmqe_gZfk_f_cmf_jrbogZagZqZxlky\[he__jZgg_f\hajZkl_ q_fwlhmklZgh\e_gh l) g_jZ[hlZxsbf]jZ`^ZgZfdjhf_bg\Zeb^h\k^_lkl\Zg_bf_xsbfijZ\ZgZ ljm^h\mxi_gkbxgZagZqZxlkykhpbZevgu_i_gkbb m) i_gkbbih\hajZklmbihbg\Zeb^ghklb,]jmiiumklZgZ\eb\Zxlky\jZaf_j_ kj_^g_f_kyqgh]haZjZ[hldZiexkwlh]haZjZ[hldZaZdZ`^uc]h^jZ[hluk\_jo 25 e_l-^eyfm`qbgbe_l-^ey`_gsbgI_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklb,,]jmiiu mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\jZaf_j_kj_^g_f_kyqgh]haZjZ[hldZZi_gkbyihbg\Zeb^ghklb III ]jmiiubihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZdZ`^h]hg_ljm^hkihkh[gh]hqe_gZk_fvb\ jZaf_j_kj_^g_f_kyqgh]haZjZ[hldZbg\Zeb^ZbebdhjfbevpZ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 90 267. 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NbgZgkbjh\Zgb_i_gkbhgguo\uieZlhkms_kl\ey_lkybakj_^kl\KhpbZevgh]h nhg^Zdhlhjucihfbfhi_gkbhggh]hnhg^Zkhklhblbanhg^ZkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby nhg^ZaZgylhklbbj_a_j\gh]hnhg^ZKhpbZevgucnhg^h[jZam_lkybah[yaZl_evguo kljZoh\uo\aghkh\jZ[hlh^Zl_e_cohayckl\mxsbokm[t_dlh\bjZ[hlgbdh\ G_agZqbl_evgZyqZklv^_g_`guokj_^kl\ihklmiZ_lba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hbf_klguo [x^`_lh\>heymdZaZgguokj_^kl\\]h^mkhklZ\beZkhhl\_lkl\_gghb < ]h^mohayckl\mxsb_km[t_dlui_j_qbkebeb\KhpbZevgucnhg^\aghku khpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby\jZaf_j_nhg^ZaZjZ[hlghcieZluZkZfbjZ[hlgbdb1% aZjZ[hldZLZjbnukljZoh\uo\aghkh\ml\_j`^ZxlkyiZjeZf_glhf<lZ[ebp_ ijb\h^ylkylZjbnu^_ckl\h\Z\rb_\-]h^Zo LZ[ebpZ LZjbnukljZoh\uo\aghkh\\ijhp_glZo hlnhg^ZaZjZ[hlghcieZlu 1991 Ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu g_aZ\bkbfh hl \b^Z kh[kl\_gghklb b hj]ZgbaZpbhggh-ijZ\h\hc nhjfu ;x^`_lgu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb b mqj_`^_gby ]h^ 26 26 60 37 ]h^ 45 30 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 45 30 38 30 35 35 35 30 30 30 ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 269. LZdbfh[jZahfgZ[ex^Z_lkyl_g^_gpbydkgb`_gbxlZjbnZkljZoh\uo\aghkh\^ey ohayckl\mxsbokm[t_dlh\ 270. ;x^`_lKhpbZevgh]hnhg^Zbkihevam_lky^ey\uieZlu Z i_gkbcih\hajZklmihbg\Zeb^ghklbihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZaZ\ukem]m b) khpbZevguoi_gkbc k i_gkbc\h_gghkem`Zsbfbqe_gZfbok_f_c d) ihkh[bcbdhfi_gkZpbcihmoh^maZ^_lvfbbh^bghdbffZl_jyf _ ihkh[bcih\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb f) ihkh[bcih[_ajZ[hlbp_ g) ihkh[bcih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zf e_l ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 92 h) jZkoh^h\gZ[Zgdh\kdh_bihqlh\h_^hklZ\dmi_gkbch[kem`b\Zgb_ i) ^jm]bojZkoh^h\ 271. <uieZlmi_gkbc_`_f_kyqghhkms_kl\ey_l>_iZjlZf_glihi_gkbyfbkhpbZevghfm h[_ki_q_gbxq_j_aij_^ijbylbyk\yabbhl^_e_gbyK[_j_]Zl_evgh]h[ZgdZFhe^h\u (Banca de Economii a MoldoveigZhkgh\Zgbb^hdmf_glh\ihhieZl_ieZl_`guo ihjmq_gbcihqlh\uoi_j_\h^h\bkibkdh\IhhdhgqZgbbkjhdZ\uieZlij_^ijbylby k\yab_`_f_kyqghij_^klZ\eyxl\>_iZjlZf_glhlq_lh\uieZq_gguokmffZo >_iZjlZf_gl\k\hxhq_j_^v_`_d\ZjlZevghbh^bgjZa\]h^hlqblu\Z_lkyh\uieZq_gguo kmffZoi_j_^KhpbZevgufnhg^hf<k_hlq_luojZgylky\Zjob\Zoij_^ijbylbck\yab\ >_iZjlZf_gl_bKhpbZevghfnhg^_ 272. <KljZl_]bbih^q_jdb\Z_lkyqlhhkh[_gghklbkbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby\ J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zhij_^_eyxlky^hfbgbjmxs_cihabpb_c]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kh[kl\_gghklbbwlZkbkl_fZhjb_glbjh\ZgZgZp_gljZebah\ZggmxieZgh\mxwdhghfbdm HgZoZjZdl_jbam_lkygbadbfmjh\g_fh[_ki_q_gghklbg_\ukhdhcwnn_dlb\ghklvx kbkl_fumijZ\e_gbyijhlb\hj_qb\hklvxi_gkbhggh]haZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Zbqj_af_jghc gZ]jmadhcihkhpbZevguf\uieZlZfgZwdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\gh_gZk_e_gb_kbkl_fZ\_kvfZ ^hjh]hklhysZybg_\iheghcf_j_hkgh\u\Z_lkygZijbgpbiZoh[_ki_q_gbykhpbZevghc kijZ\_^eb\hklbbkheb^Zjghklbihdhe_gbc 273. <gZqZe_-o]h^h\wdhghfbq_kdbcdjbabkmkm]m[bekblmZpbx\khpbZevghckn_j_ Ijh[e_fu\h[eZklbkhpbZevghcaZsblubi_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby\hagbdeb h^gh\j_f_gghkhkiZ^hfijhba\h^kl\Zjhklhfbgneypbbbkgb`_gb_fmjh\gy`bagb gZk_e_gbyHgbihklhygghm]em[eyebkvZdk_j_^bg_]h^ZijbgyebaZly`ghc oZjZdl_j 274. Kfhf_glZijbgylbyAZdhgZh]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfi_gkbhgghfh[_ki_q_gbb\ J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zi_gkbhggh_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hij_l_ji_ehagZqbl_evgu_baf_g_gby Wlh\ua\Zghij_`^_\k_]hwdhghfbq_kdbfiheh`_gb_f\kljZg_\lhfqbke_khklhygb_f __nbgZgkh\hckbkl_fuDjbabkwdhghfbdb\ukhdb_l_fiubgneypbbhl^_evgu_ ij_h[jZah\ZgbylZdb_dZd^_g_`gZyj_nhjfZh[mkeh\bebg_h[oh^bfhklv\g_k_gby baf_g_gbc\i_gkbhggh_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h 275. <AZdhgh]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfi_gkbhgghfh[_ki_q_gbb\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z[ueh \g_k_gh[he__ihijZ\hdLZd[ueZhkms_kl\e_gZdhjj_dlbjh\dZaZjZ[hldh\ba dhlhjuobkqbkeyebkvgZagZq_ggu_jZg__i_gkbbWlhlf_oZgbafijbf_gy_lkyb\ gZklhys__\j_fyijbgZagZq_gbbi_gkbcgZhkgh\ZgbbaZjZ[hlghcieZluaZij_^u^msb_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 93 ]h^uDhjj_dlbjh\dZijhba\h^blkyihkj_^kl\hfbg^b\b^mZevguodhwnnbpb_glh\ y\eyxsbokykhhlghr_gb_fkmffuaZjZ[hldZi_gkbhg_jZaZ\_kvijbgyluc\jZkq_l i_jbh^bkj_^g_f_kyqghcaZjZ[hlghcieZluihkljZg_aZwlhl`_i_jbh^G_h^ghdjZlgh ijhba\h^behkvm\_ebq_gb_i_gkbb\k\yabkbaf_g_gb_ffbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu Hkgh\gufbnZdlhjZfbhij_^_eyxsbfbg_h[oh^bfhklvj_nhjfbjh\Zgbykbkl_fu i_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gbyy\eyxlky Z khdjZs_gb_ihklmie_gbcnbgZgkh\uokj_^kl\\KhpbZevgucnhg^qlh ih\e_dehaZ^_j`dm\u^Zqbi_gkbcb^jm]bokhpbZevguo\uieZl b) kgb`_gb_mjh\gyh[_ki_q_gghklbi_gkbyfbb^jm]bfbkhpbZevgufb \uieZlZfb k m\_ebq_gb_gZ]jmadbihkhpbZevguf\uieZlZfgZwdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\gh_ gZk_e_gb_\[m^ms_fwlZkblmZpbymom^rblky\k\yabkg_[eZ]hijbylguf ^_fh]jZnbq_kdbfijh]ghahf d) \ukhdb_klZ\db\aghkh\khpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyqlhg_ih[m`^Z_ld ih\ur_gbxmjh\gyijhba\h^kl\Zkha^Z_lmjZ\gbeh\dm\hlqbke_gbyob g_k[ZeZgkbjh\Zgghklv\mklZgh\e_gbbjZaf_jh\\aghkh\hlqbkey_fuojZ[hlh^Zl_eyfbb jZ[hlgbdZfb _ agZqbl_evgZy^heyg_ijyfuoba^_j`_dgZkhpbZevgh_h[_ki_q_gb_ f) g_jZpbhgZevgh_jZkij_^_e_gb_kj_^kl\qlhg_iha\hey_lgZijZ\eylv g_h[oh^bfh_bodhebq_kl\hgZkhpbZevgh_h[_ki_q_gb_g_aZsbs_gguokeh_\gZk_e_gby g) mljZlZk\yabf_`^mjZaf_jhfi_gkbbbljm^h\uf\deZ^hfjZ[hlgbdZ h) ijhlb\hj_qb\hklvi_gkbhggh]haZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z i) g_wnn_dlb\ghklvkbkl_fumijZ\e_gbykhpbZevgufh[_ki_q_gb_f 276. Kbkl_fZlbq_kdb_g_ieZl_`bohayckl\mxsbokm[t_dlh\g_]Zlb\ghkdZau\ZxlkygZ nbgZgkh\hfiheh`_gbbkbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gbyAZ^he`_gghklv ohayckl\mxsbokm[t_dlh\i_j_^KhpbZevgufnhg^hfihkhklhygbxgZyg\Zjy ]h^Z khklZ\beZfege__\gZyg\Zjy ]h^Z-fege__\bgZyg\Zjy]h^Z fege__\ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 94 277. <kj_^g_fihJ_kim[ebd_aZ^_j`dZih\uieZl_i_gkbckhklZ\beZljbf_kypZZ h[sZykmffZg_\uieZq_gguoi_gkbcjZ\gZfege__\<hl^_evguojZchgZoaZ^_j`dZ khklZ\beZhdhehq_luj_of_kyp_\Ijbqbguh[mkeh\b\rb_wlh-g_wnn_dlb\ghklv gZeh]h\hckbkl_fukhdjZs_gb_i_jkhgZeZaZgylh]h\gZpbhgZevghcwdhghfbd_ mdehg_gb_hlmieZlugZeh]h\\ukhdb_klZ\db\aghkh\khpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby 278. Kgbabekyh[sbcmjh\_gvh[_ki_q_gghklbi_gkbb<ihke_^gb_]h^up_gugZlh\Zju rbjhdh]hihlj_[e_gbybmkem]bjhkeb[he__\ukhdbfbl_fiZfbq_fjZaf_jui_gkbc Khhlghr_gb_f_`^mkj_^g_ci_gkb_cbfbgbfZevgufihlj_[bl_evkdbf[x^`_lhf kgbabehkvk\]h^m^h\]h^mZf_`^mfbgbfZevghci_gkb_cb fbgbfZevgufihlj_[bl_evkdbf[x^`_lhf-k\]h^m^h\]h^m ?kebfbgbfZevgucihlj_[bl_evkdbc[x^`_l\]h^mihkjZ\g_gbxk]h^hf m\_ebqbeky\jZaZlhkj_^gyyi_gkbyaZwlhl`_i_jbh^\ujhkeZ\k_]h\Z fbgbfZevgZy-\jZaZkflZ[ebpm LZ[ebpZ Iheh`_gb_\h[eZklbi_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby\-]h^Zo IhdZaZl_ev ?^bgbpZ baf_j_gby 1 2 Qbke_gghklv gZk_e_gby gZ dhg_p ]h^Z Qbke_gghklv aZgyluo \ gZpbhgZevghc wdhghfbd_ Qbke_gghklv ihemqZl_e_c i_gkbc b ihkh[bc Qbke_gghklv ihemqZl_e_c i_gkbc ih \hajZklm Kj_^gbc jZaf_j aZjieZlu Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb ih \hajZklm FbgbfZevguc ihlj_[bl_evkdbc [x^`_l Kj_^g_f_kyqguc mjh\_gv bgneypbb Kj_^g_]h^h\hc mjh\_gv bgneypbb Hlghr_gb_ qbke_gghklb i_gkbhg_jh\ d qbke_gghklb gZk_e_gby GZ]jmadZ ih khpbZevguf \uieZlZf gZ h^gh]h jZ[hlZxs_]h Khhlghr_gb_ f_`^m kj_^g_c i_gkb_c b kj_^g_c aZjieZlhc Khhlghr_gb_ f_`^m kj_^g_c i_gkb_c b fbgbfZevguf ihlj_[bl_evkdbf [x^`_lhf AZ^he`_gghklv ih \uieZl_ i_gkbc b ihkh[bc AZ^he`_gghklv aZ ]h^ * luk q_e luk q_e luk q_e luk q_e e_b e_b e_b e_b =h^ 1992 3 1993 4 1994 5 1995 6 1996 7 1997 8 1998 9 1999 10 2000 11 4 347,8 4 352,7 4 347,9 4 334,4 4 320,0 4 304,7 4 293,0 4 281,5 4 264,3 2 050,0 1 688,0 1 681,0 1 673,0 1 660,0 1 646,0 1 642 1 495 1 515 727,4 743,6 746,7 750,6 754,7 757,0 551,4 3,5 2,09 562,3 31,2 18,83 564,0 108,4 55,16 563 143,2 64,3 562,7 187,6 78,67 560,4 219,8 82,8 250,4 304,6 407,0 2,21 19,94 57,94 66,9 81,56 86,15 3,4 49,3 271,3 310,6 387,8 439,5 473,0 661,8 944,5 27,0 32,0 6,2 1,8 1,2 0,9 1,41 3,05 1,95 1 669,6 2705,7 104,6 23,8 15,1 11,2 18,3 43,7 18,4 16,7 17,1 17,2 17,3 17,5 17,6 2,82 2,27 2,25 2,23 2,20 2,17 59,7 60,4 50,9 44,9 41,9 37,7 61,5 38,2 20,3 20,7 20,3 18,8 76,9 15,6 128,0 22,1 324,1 45,5 192,2 32,5 % % % luk q_e % % feg e__\ % >Zggu_ ijb\h^ylky k mq_lhf e_\h[_j_`guo jZchgh\ >g_kljZ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 95 279. M\_ebqbeZkvgZ]jmadZihkhpbZevguf\uieZlZfgZwdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\gh_ gZk_e_gb_kljZguKhhlghr_gb_qbkeZi_gkbhg_jh\bjZ[hlZxs_]hgZk_e_gby\hajhkehk \]h^m^h\]h^m 280. GZkhklhygbbi_gkbhgghckbkl_fukdZau\ZxlkylZd`_jZkoh^ugZkh^_j`Zgb_ ZiiZjZlZmijZ\e_gbygZ^hklZ\dmi_gkbchieZlm[Zgdh\kdbomkem]bl^LZdgZ^hklZ\dm i_gkbcb[Zgdh\kdb_mkem]b\]h^m[uehbajZkoh^h\Zgh[he__[x^`_lZp_e_\h]h nhg^Zi_gkbc:gZebamdZaZgguojZkoh^h\ihdZau\Z_lqlhbofh`ghkhdjZlblvHdheh 4 fege__\\f_kypjZkoh^m_lkygZ\uieZlui_gkbcjZ[hlZxsbfi_gkbhg_jZfMjh\_gv h[_ki_q_gghklbwlhcdZl_]hjbbihemqZl_e_ci_gkbc]hjZa^h\ur_q_fg_jZ[hlZxsbo i_gkbhg_jh\?kebij_^iheh`blvqlhkj_^gyyaZjZ[hlgZyieZlZjZ[hlZxs_]hi_gkbhg_jZ khklZ\ey_le_ykj_^gbcjZaf_jaZjieZluihJ_kim[ebd_aZ]h^lhh[sZy kmffZ^hoh^ZlZdh]hi_gkbhg_jZkhklZ\ey_le_y\f_kypkmq_lhflh]hnZdlZqlh kj_^gyyi_gkbyih\hajZklmkhklZ\ey_le_yAgZqbl_evgu_kmffujZkoh^mxlkygZ \uieZlmev]hlguoi_gkbcQbkehlZdboi_gkbckhklZ\ey_lbebhlh[s_]h qbkeZ\k_o\b^h\i_gkbcbhlqbkeZi_gkbcih\hajZklm 281. Bah[s_]hqbkeZi_gkbhg_jh\ihKibkdmi_gkbbihemqZxl 000 q_eh\_dZih Kibkdm-q_eh\_d<qbkehihemqZl_e_ci_gkbcihKibkdmjZ[hlgbdb k_evkdh]hohayckl\Z\oh^ylfZl_j_cklj_fybeb[he__^_lvfblZ[ebpZ ?`_f_kyqgu_jZkoh^ugZ\uieZlmwlboi_gkbckhklZ\eyxl fege__\?`_]h^gh\ kj_^g_fgZagZqZ_lkyhdhehev]hlguoi_gkbcGZ[ex^Z_lkyl_g^_gpbydjhklm qbkeZebpbf_xsboijZ\hgZi_gkbxgZev]hlguomkeh\byo LZ[ebpZ IhemqZl_eb i_gkbc b gZ^[Z\hd IhemqZl_eb <k_]h I_gkbb ih \hajZklm Ba gbo gZ ev]hlguo mkeh\byo < lhf qbke_ Ih Kibkdm Ih Kibkdm Ih Kibkdm Fgh]h^_lguf fZl_jyf FZl_jyf bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z FZl_jyf-]_jhbgyf I_gkbb ih bg\Zeb^ghklb < lhf qbke_ \ke_^kl\b_ ljm^h\h]h m\_qvy beb ijhnaZ[he_\Zgby IhemqZl_ebi_gkbcbgZ^[Z\hd =h^ Qbkeh ihemqZl_e_c 1992 1993 1994 >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl Qbkeh >hey hl >hey hl Qbkeh >hey hl h[s_]h h[s_]h ihemqZ- h[s_]h h[s_]h ihemqZ- h[s_]h h[s_]h qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ l_e_c qbkeZ l_e_c qbkeZ ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c i_gkbb ih i_gkbb ih i_gkbb ih \ \ \ \hajZklm \hajZklm \hajZklm \ \ \ 727 356 551 443 113 258 100 75,81 15,57 131,9 100 20,54 743 602 562 298 124 612 100 75,62 16,76 132,24 100 22,16 746 702 563 982 130 904 100 75,53 17,53 132,4 100 23,21 5 796 10 973 0,80 1,51 0,00 0,00 1,05 1,99 0,00 0,00 5 830 11 510 9 350 97 482 0,78 1,55 1,26 13,11 1,04 2,05 1,66 17,34 5 770 11 869 11 667 99 979 0,77 1,59 1,56 13,39 1,02 2,10 2,07 17,73 133 0,02 0,00 12,18 0,02 0,00 16,06 217 26 94 983 0,03 0,00 12,77 0,04 0,00 16,89 376 110 97 602 0,05 0,01 13,07 0,07 0,02 17,31 88 561 5 332 0,73 0,97 5 214 0,70 0,93 5 063 0,68 0,90 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 96 IhemqZl_eb i_gkbc b gZ^[Z\hd IhemqZl_eb <ke_^kl\b_ h[s_]h aZ[he_\Zgby I_gkbc ih kemqZx ihl_jb dhjfbevpZ I_gkbc aZ \ukem]m e_l KhpbZevguo i_gkbc < lhf qbke_ bg\Zeb^Zf k ^_lkl\Z I_gkbc mqZklgbdZf ebd\b^Zpbb ihke_^kl\bc q_jgh[uevkdhc Z\Zjbb GZ^[Z\hd ^ey g_h[hkgh\Zggh j_ij_kkbjh\Zgguo ebp I_gkbc \h_gghkem`Zsbf IhemqZl_eb i_gkbc b gZ^[Z\hd IhemqZl_eb =h^ Qbkeh ihemqZl_e_c 1992 1993 1994 >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl Qbkeh Qbkeh h[s_]h h[s_]h ihemqZ- h[s_]h h[s_]h ihemqZ- h[s_]h h[s_]h qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ l_e_c l_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c i_gkbb ih i_gkbb ih i_gkbb ih \ \ \ \hajZklm \hajZklm \hajZklm \ \ \ 83 229 11,44 15,09 89 769 12,07 15,96 92 539 12,39 16,41 37 791 1 960 40 535 5,20 0,27 5,57 6,85 0,36 7,35 37 552 1 939 40 282 5,05 0,26 5,42 6,68 0,34 7,16 36 388 1 847 38 819 4,87 0,25 5,20 6,45 0,33 6,88 19 531 2,69 3,54 21 593 2,90 3,84 22 624 3,03 4,01 90 0,01 0,02 199 0,03 0,04 300 0,04 0,05 6 027 7 066 0,83 0,97 1,09 1,28 10 000 6 548 1,34 0,88 1,78 1,16 10 730 8 064 1,44 1,08 1,90 1,43 =h^ Qbkeh ihemqZl_e_c <k_]h 750 556 I_gkbb ih \hajZklm 562 954 Ba gbo gZ ev]hlguo 135 450 mkeh\byo < lhf qbke_ 5 680 Ih Kibkdm Ih Kibkdm 12 337 Ih Kibkdm 13 112 Fgh]h^_lguf fZl_jyf 100 923 FZl_jyf bg\Zeb^h\ k 460 ^_lkl\Z FZl_jyf-]_jhbgyf 105 I_gkbb ih bg\Zeb^ghklb 102 255 < lhf qbke_ \ke_^kl\b_ ljm^h\h]h m\_qvy beb 4 925 ijhnaZ[he_\Zgby <ke_^kl\b_ h[s_]h 97 330 aZ[he_\Zgby I_gkbc ih kemqZx 36 223 ihl_jb dhjfbevpZ I_gkbc aZ \ukem]m e_l 2 286 KhpbZevguo i_gkbc 38 003 < lhf qbke_ bg\Zeb^Zf k ^_lkl\Z 23 694 I_gkbc mqZklgbdZf ebd\b^Zpbb ihke_^kl\bc q_jgh[uevkdhc Z\Zjbb 422 GZ^[Z\hd ^ey g_h[hkgh\Zggh j_ij_kkbjh\Zgguo ebp 11 220 I_gkbc \h_gghkem`Zsbf 8 835 1995 1996 1997 >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl >hey hl Qbkeh Qbkeh h[s_]h h[s_]h ihemqZ- h[s_]h h[s_]h ihemqZ- h[s_]h h[s_]h l_e_c qbkeZ l_e_c qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ qbkeZ ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c ihemqZl_e_c i_gkbb ih i_gkbb ih i_gkbb ih \ \ \ \hajZklm \hajZklm \hajZklm \ \ \ 100 133,32 754 653 100 134,12 757 020 100 135,08 75 100 562 688 74,56 100 560 439 74,03 100 18,05 24,06 140 880 18,67 25,04 147 305 19,46 26,28 0,76 1,01 5 671 0,75 1,01 5 627 0,74 1 1,64 2,19 12 897 1,71 2,29 13 348 1,76 2,38 1,75 2,33 14 394 1,91 2,56 15 681 2,07 2,80 13,45 17,93 102 779 13,62 18,27 105 172 13,89 18,77 0,06 0,08 1 615 1 615 0,21 0,29 0,23 0,31 0,01 0,02 105 0,01 0,02 101 0,01 0,02 13,62 18,16 105 623 14 18,77 109 219 14,43 19,49 0,66 0,87 4 861 0,64 0,86 4 706 0,62 0,84 12,97 17,29 100 762 13,35 17,91 104 513 13,81 18,65 4,83 6,43 36 351 4,82 6,46 36 334 4,8 6,48 0,30 5,06 0,41 6,75 2 892 38 267 0,38 5,07 0,51 6,8 3 799 38 430 0,5 5,08 0,68 6,86 3,16 4,21 25 448 3,37 4,52 26 950 3,56 4,81 0,06 0,07 677 0,09 0,12 933 0,12 0,17 1,49 1,18 1,99 1,57 11 442 8 832 1,52 1,17 2,03 1,57 11 448 8 799 1,51 1,16 2,04 1,57 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 97 282. Kj_^gbcjZaf_jmdZaZgguoi_gkbcgZfgh]h\ur_q_fkj_^gbcjZaf_ji_gkbcih \hajZklme_yb^hklb]Z_le_y^eyi_gkbcihKibkdme_y-ih Kibkdmbe_y-ihKibkdmQbkehebpjZ[hlZxsbobihemqZxsboi_gkbx ih\hajZklmgZev]hlguomkeh\byo\ljbjZaZij_\urZ_lqbkehebpdhlhjufi_gkbb gZagZq_gugZh[sbohkgh\Zgbyo 283. Djhf_lh]hqlh\uieZlui_gkbcgZev]hlguomkeh\byolj_[mxl^hihegbl_evguo aZljZl^Zgguc\hijhkbf__lb^jm]b_g_]Zlb\gu_klhjhguZbf_gghgZjmrZxlky ijbgpbiukljZoh\ZgbyijbgpbiukhpbZevghckijZ\_^eb\hklbjZkoh^uhkms_kl\eyxlky aZkq_l^jm]boebpg_hijZ\^Zgghkgb`Z_lkyi_gkbhgguc\hajZklbl^ 284. <gZklhys__\j_fykj_^gyyi_gkbyih\hajZklmkhklZ\ey_lkj_^g_caZjZ[hlghc ieZluihkljZg_FbgbfZevgZyi_gkbyih\hajZklm\]h^m^hklb]eZZ\ 1993 ]h^m-kj_^g_caZjZ[hlghcieZlu<uau\Z_lhaZ[hq_gghklvg_ijZ\bevgh_ khhlghr_gb_hkgh\gh]hjZaf_jZi_gkbcbih\ur_gbcgZ^[Z\hdIh\ur_gbyi_gkbc mqZklgbdZfbbg\Zeb^Zf\hcgug_h[hkgh\Zgghj_ij_kkbjh\Zggufbf_xsbfhkh[u_ aZkem]bb^jm]bfebpZfij_\hkoh^yljZaf_juboi_gkbcbkqbke_gguogZhkgh\Zgbb aZjZ[hldZbklZ`ZjZ[hlugZ-GZijbf_jkj_^gbcjZaf_ji_gkbbih\hajZklm ^eybg\Zeb^h\\hcgu,]jmiiukhklZ\ey_le__\Zih\ur_gb_-e__\<lh`_ \j_fygZ^[Z\dbgZb`^b\_gp_\ihmoh^maZbg\Zeb^ZfbkhklZ\eyxl\k_]hkj_^g_c i_gkbbbijh`blhqgh]hfbgbfmfZ 285. Bf_xlky[hevrb_jZaebqbyb\jZaf_jZohl^_evguo\b^h\i_gkbcGZijbf_j kj_^gyyi_gkbyih\hajZklm\]h^mkhklZ\beZe_yZkj_^gyyi_gkby^eyebp ijbgbfZ\rbomqZklb_\ebd\b^Zpbbihke_^kl\bcZ\ZjbbgZQ_jgh[uevkdhc:WK 338,6 e_yl_[ueZ\q_luj_jZaZ\ur_FZdkbfZevgucjZaf_ji_gkbbih\hajZklm e_yZmmqZklgbdh\ebd\b^Zpbbihke_^kl\bcQ_jgh[uevkdhcdZlZkljhnu\ hl^_evguokemqZyohgZij_\urZ_le__\\f_kyplZ[ebpZ26). LZ[ebpZ Fbgbkl_jkl\hljm^ZkhpbZevghcaZsblubk_fvb ?^bgbpZ baf_j_gby <k_]h i_gkbhg_jh\ Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb JZ[hlZxsb_ i_gkbhg_ju luk q_e e_b luk q_e Ba h[s_]h qbkeZ i_gkbhg_jh\ ihemqZl_e_c i_gkbb ih \hajZklm I_gkbb ih \hajZklm luk q_e Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb i_gkbb ih bg\Zeb^ghklb e_b luk q_e Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb % % % e_b =h^ 1992 727,4 2,09 43,5 5,98 1993 743,6 18,83 41,6 5,59 1994 746,7 55,16 48,7 6,52 1995 750,5 64,30 58,8 7,83 1996 754,8 78,67 53,6 7,10 1997 757,0 82,80 51,7 6,83 551,4 75,81 2,21 88,6 12,18 2,03 562,3 75,62 19,94 94,9 12,76 18,43 563,9 75,52 57,94 97,6 13,07 53,96 562,9 75,00 66,90 102,3 13,63 63,25 562,7 74,55 81,56 105,6 13,99 78,25 560,4 74,03 86,15 109,2 14,42 81,74 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 98 ?^bgbpZ baf_j_gby IhemqZl_eb i_gkbb ih kemqZx ihl_jb dhjfbevpZ Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb i_gkbb aZ \ukem]m e_l luk q_e Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb i_gkbb ^ey mqZklgbdh\ ebd\b^Zpbb ihke_^kl\bc Q_jgh[uevkdhc dZlZkljhnu Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb khpbZevghc i_gkbb e_b luk q_e Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb i_gkbb ^ey g_h[hkgh\Zggh j_ij_kkbjh\Zgguo ebp Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb i_gkbb ^ey \h_gghkem`Zsbo % e_b luk q_e % % e_b luk q_e % e_b luk q_e % e_b luk q_e % Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb i_gkbb mklZgh\e_gghc \ hlq_lguc i_jbh^ Kj_^gbc jZaf_j i_gkbb IhemqZl_eb fbgbfZevghc i_gkbb e_b luk q_e e_b luk q_e JZaf_j fbgbfZevghc i_gkbb JZaf_j fZdkbfZevghc i_gkbb KmffZ \uieZq_gguo i_gkbc b ihkh[bc e_b e_b luk e__\ % % =h^ 1992 37,8 5,20 1,47 1,9 0,26 1,82 0,1 0,01 1993 37,5 5,04 12,28 1,9 0,26 24,18 0,2 0,03 1994 36,4 4,87 40,41 1,8 0,24 63,76 0,3 0,04 1995 36,2 4,82 51,70 2,3 0,31 69,96 0,4 0,05 1996 36,4 4,82 65,97 2,9 0,38 80,99 0,7 0,09 1997 36,3 4,80 65,49 3,8 0,38 79,37 0,9 0,01 0,03 40,5 5,57 0,01 6,0 0,82 2,75 7,1 0,98 2,07 79,5 10,93 2,15 241,9 33,2 1,70 3,40 8 372,3 41,70 40,3 5,42 10,51 10,0 1,34 26,18 6,5 0,87 17,12 60,6 8,15 23,72 222,2 29,9 0,14 68,35 80 180,6 160,95 38,8 5,20 32,38 10,7 1,43 68,67 8,1 1,08 49,01 50,0 6,70 60,19 34,7 4,65 42,80 126,55 354 895,8 242,39 38,0 5,06 38,07 11,2 1,49 78,70 8,8 1,17 73,80 50,0 6,66 70,73 30,4 4,05 50,00 133,75 514 193,9 334,29 38,3 5,07 47,90 11,4 1,51 95,33 8,8 1,17 90,25 53,6 7,10 62,00 28,8 3,82 62,00 164,15 484 200 338,64 38,4 5,07 47,67 11,4 1,51 99,77 8,8 1,16 109,45 50,9 6,72 86,80 25,9 3,42 62,00 164,15 609 060,5 286. AgZqbl_evghhlebqZxlkyjZaf_jui_gkbc\aZ\bkbfhklbhl\j_f_gbbogZagZq_gby Hkh[_gghwlhdZkZ_lkyi_gkbcgZagZq_gguo^h]h^ZBkqbke_ggu_^hmdZaZggh]h i_jbh^Zi_gkbbdZdijZ\behgb`_i_gkbcdhlhju_bkqbkeyxlky\gZklhys__\j_fy B wlZl_g^_gpbykhojZgy_lkyLZdkj_^gyyi_gkbyih\hajZklmihkhklhygbxgZyg\Zjy 1998 ]h^ZkhklZ\beZe_yZfbgbfZevgZyi_gkbyebpdhlhjufi_gkbb[ueb gZagZq_gu\]h^m-e_yqlhgZ[hevr_ 287. Fgh]b_ijh[e_fu\hagbdeb\k\yabkl_fqlhiheh`_gbyi_gkbhggh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Zg_khhl\_lkl\mxl^jm]bfaZdhgh^Zl_evgufbghjfZlb\gufZdlZfqlh mkeh`gy_lboijbf_g_gb_Fgh]b_ghjfZlb\gu_ZdlumklZj_ebZgh\u__s_g_ jZajZ[hlZguDZdke_^kl\b_gh\u_h[s_kl\_ggu_hlghr_gby\h[eZklb]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h i_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gbyg_mj_]mebjh\Zgu 288. G_h[oh^bfhlZd`_mkh\_jr_gkl\h\ZlvmijZ\e_gb_kbkl_fhckhpbZevgh]h h[_ki_q_gby< i_j\mxhq_j_^vwlhdZkZ_lkyhj]Zgh\khpbZevgh]hh[_ki_q_gby\jZ[hl_ dhlhjuofgh]b_nmgdpbb^m[ebjmxlkyhlkmlkl\m_ljZa]jZgbq_gb_iheghfhqbc hlf_qZ_lkygbadZyijhba\h^bl_evghklvljm^ZBgnhjfZpbhggZykbkl_fZi_gkbhggh]h h[_ki_q_gbyba-aZbkihevah\ZgbymklZj_\rbol_ogheh]bcb\uqbkebl_evghcl_ogbdbg_ iha\hey_lj_rZlv\k_\hagbdZxsb_\hijhku ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 99 289. 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J_nhjfZi_gkbhgghckbkl_fuij_ke_^m_lke_^mxsb_hkgh\gu_p_eb Z h[_ki_q_gb_^ey\k_]hgZk_e_gbyZ^_d\ZlghcfZl_jbZevghcihfhsb\klZjhklb ijbmljZl_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb\kemqZ_ihl_jbdhjfbevpZWlhhagZqZ_lqlh\j_amevlZl_ hkms_kl\e_gbyj_nhjfu[hevrbgkl\h]jZ`^Zgih^hklb`_gbbi_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZ\ kemqZ_mljZluljm^hkihkh[ghklbbebihl_jbdhjfbevpZ[m^mlbf_lvZ^_d\Zlguc^hoh^aZ kq_lh[t_^bg_gby]hkm^Zjkl\_gghcbg_]hkm^Zjkl\_gghci_gkbcEbrvg_agZqbl_evgZy qZklvfZehbfmsbo]jZ`^Zg[m^_lh[_ki_qb\ZlvkyaZkq_lijh]jZffkhpbZevghcihfhsb b) h[_ki_q_gb_kh[ex^_gbyijbgpbih\khpbZevghckijZ\_^eb\hklbl_ [hevrbgkl\h]jZ`^Zg[m^mlihemqZlvi_gkbx\aZ\bkbfhklbhlbo\deZ^Z\i_gkbhggmx kbkl_fm ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 100 k h[_ki_q_gb_k[ZeZgkbjh\ZgghklbnbgZgkh\hckbkl_fubkh[ex^_gb_ nbgZgkh\hc^bkpbiebgu<k_ieZl_`bbakbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby[m^ml hkms_kl\eylvkyk\h_\j_f_gghBg^_dkZpbyi_gkbb[m^_lijhba\h^blvkyijbmkeh\bbqlh mdZaZggZykbkl_fZ[m^_ljZkiheZ]Zlv^hklZlhqgufbnbgZgkh\ufbkj_^kl\Zfb d) kha^Zgb_kbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gbyhl\_qZxs_cbgl_j_kZf\k_o ihdhe_gbcIhkdhevdm^_fh]jZnbq_kdZykblmZpby\Fhe^h\_bf__lk\hbhkh[_gghklb ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyi_gkbhggZykbkl_fZ^he`gZh[_ki_qb\ZlvgZdhie_gb_khhl\_lkl\mxsbo j_a_j\h\qlh[ugug_rg_fmwdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\ghfmihdhe_gbxg_ijbrehkvieZlblv [he__\ukhdb_q_fk_cqZk\aghkukhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby GZijZ\e_gbyj_nhjfbjh\Zgbyi_gkbhgghckbkl_fu 292. >hklb`_gb_i_j_qbke_gguo\ur_p_e_clj_[m_lijh\_^_gbydhfie_dkghcj_nhjfu kbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gbyhkgh\gufbwe_f_glZfbdhlhjhcy\ey_lky Z klZ[bevgZyijh]jZffZ^eygug_rgboi_gkbhg_jh\ b) gh\Zyijh]jZffZ^ey[m^msboi_gkbhg_jh\ k ijh]jZffZi_j_oh^Zhlgug_^_ckl\mxs_cdgh\hckbkl_f_i_gkbhggh]h h[_ki_q_gby 293. 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I_j_oh^hlgug_^_ckl\mxs_cdgh\hckbkl_f_i_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby Z kbkl_fZi_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby^he`gZ[ulvij_h[jZah\ZgZba_^bghc h[_aebq_gghcbmjZ\gbl_evghc\gh\mxi_gkbhggmxkbkl_fmjZa\_l\e_ggmx bg^b\b^mZebabjh\Zggmxb]b[dmxI_j_oh^guci_jbh^^he`_gh[_ki_qblv ij__fkl\_gghklvf_`^mklZjhcbgh\ufbkbkl_fZfbi_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby Ihlj_[m_lkyhij_^_e_ggh_\j_fyqlh[ugh\Zykbkl_fZfh]eZho\Zlblv\k_ojZ[hlgbdh\ b) \i_j_oh^ghfi_jbh^_ij_^klhblq_ldhhij_^_eblvdjm]ebpih^e_`Zsbo h[yaZl_evghfm]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfmkhpbZevghfmkljZoh\ZgbxWlh^he`gu[ulv\k_ ihemqZxsb_^hoh^uebpZ\lhfqbke_l_dlhbf__lijZ\h\uclbgZi_gkbx\gZklhys__ \j_fygZhkgh\Zgbb^_ckl\mxsboghjfZlb\guoZdlh\bebihemqblwlhijZ\h\ ^Zevg_cr_fkh]eZkghbgufghjfZlb\gufZdlZfkm^vbijhdmjhju]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ kem`Zsb_bl^Bgufbkeh\Zfbij_^klhbljZkrbjblv[Zamh[yaZl_evguo\aghkh\\ i_gkbhggucnhg^G_]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_kbkl_fui_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby^he`gu[ulv mgbnbpbjh\Zgu k) ij_^klhblihwlZighi_j_jZkij_^_eblvhl\_lkl\_gghklvih\g_k_gbx h[yaZl_evguo\aghkh\\i_gkbhggucnhg^f_`^mjZ[hlh^Zl_e_fbjZ[hlgbdhf AZjZ[hlgmxieZlmjZ[hlgbdZg_h[oh^bfhijhihjpbhgZevghm\_ebqblvgZkmffmba dhlhjhchg[m^_l\uieZqb\Zlv\aghku\i_gkbhggucnhg^WlhaZsblbljZ[hlgbdZhl ihl_jvk\yaZgguokj_nhjfbjh\Zgb_fi_gkbhgghckbkl_fuZjZ[hlh^Zl_evg_[m^_l ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 106 \uieZqb\ZlvgbdZdbo\aghkh\\i_gkbhggucnhg^LhlnZdlqlhjZaf_ji_gkbbaZ\bkbl hlijh^he`bl_evghklbmieZlu\aghkh\khpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyihlj_[m_lhljZ[hlgbdZ \dexqblvky\f_oZgbafdhgljheyaZbok\h_\j_f_gguf\g_k_gb_fbkhdjZlblvqbkeh kemqZ_\g_mieZlu\aghkh\ d) g_h[oh^bfhkjhqgh\\_klbbg^b\b^mZevgucmq_lmieZlu\aghkh\khpbZevgh]h kljZoh\ZgbygZhkgh\_ijbf_g_gbykh\j_f_gguokj_^kl\bgnhjfZlbdbijbgy\aZdhgh khpbZevghfkljZoh\ZgbbLZdhcmq_l[m^_lkihkh[kl\h\Zlvj_r_gbxjy^Z ijbgpbibZevguoijh[e_f i) ijb\_^_gbxf_oZgbafZ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghci_gkbhgghckbkl_fu\ khhl\_lkl\b_kjZa\b\Zxsbfbkyjughqgufbhlghr_gbyfb ii) mklZgh\e_gbxaZ\bkbfhklbjZaf_jZi_gkbbhlkljZoh\h]hklZ`Zb iheghlumieZlu\aghkh\\i_gkbhggmxkbkl_fmqlh^he`gh iheh`bl_evghih\ebylvgZ[x^`_li_gkbhggh]hnhg^ZihkdhevdmlZdZy aZ\bkbfhklvkha^ZklaZbgl_j_kh\Zgghklv\k\h_\j_f_gghcbiheghc mieZl_\aghkh\ iii) h[_ki_q_gbxmkeh\bc^eyijh]ghabjh\Zgbybbaf_g_gbyqbke_gghklb aZgylh]hgZk_e_gbybi_gkbhg_jh\dZd\p_ehflZdbihhl^_evguf ijhn_kkbyfWlhiha\heblihemqblvj_Zevgmxhp_gdmjZkoh^h\gZ \uieZlmi_gkbbbjZkq_lkljZoh\h]hlZjbnZ<aghkukhpbZevgh]h kljZoh\Zgby[m^mlkhklZ\eylvhkgh\mkj_^kl\i_gkbhggh]hnhg^Zbbf_lv kljh]hp_e_\h_gZagZq_gb_-\uieZlZi_gkbcebpZfmqZkl\h\Z\rbf\ i_gkbhgghfkljZoh\Zgbb _ hkms_kl\e_gb_\kbkl_f_i_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gbykljZoh\uoijbgpbih\ bkdexqbldZdb_-eb[hijb\be_]bb^eyhl^_evguokeh_\gZk_e_gbyb]jmiiaZkljZoh\Zgguo ebp f) jZkoh^ugZi_gkbhggh_h[_ki_q_gb_ebpg_mqZkl\h\Z\rbogZijhly`_gbb hij_^_e_ggh]hi_jbh^Z\i_gkbhgghfkljZoh\Zgbb^he`guihdju\Zlvkyba ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h[x^`_lZIhwlhfmjZkoh^uk\yaZggu_knbgZgkbjh\Zgb_fi_gkbcbeb qZklbi_gkbc\_l_jZgZf\hcgumqZklgbdZfebd\b^Zpbbihke_^kl\bcZ\ZjbbgZ Q_jgh[uevkdhc:WKih\ur_gb_fi_gkbcb^jm]bfb\uieZlZfb\dexqZykhpbZevgu_ i_gkbb^he`guihdju\Zlvkyba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h[x^`_lZ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 107 g) \l_q_gb_i_j_oh^gh]hi_jbh^Z\hajZkl^eygZagZq_gbyi_gkbb[m^_l ih\urZlvky^h e_l^eyfm`qbgb^h e_l^ey`_gsbg<hajZkl^eygZagZq_gby i_gkbbdZd^eyfm`qbglZdb^ey`_gsbgdZ`^uc]h^[m^_lm\_ebqb\ZlvkygZr_klv f_kyp_\ h) ^eygZagZq_gbyiheghci_gkbb[m^_llj_[h\Zlvky-e_lgbckljZoh\hcklZ`b ^eyfm`qbgb^ey`_gsbgGZi_j_oh^ghfwlZi_\ljm^h\hcklZ`[m^mlaZkqblu\Zlvky lZd`_i_jbh^udh]^Zq_eh\_dg_ih^e_`ZekhpbZevghfmkljZoh\Zgbx i) g_h[oh^bfZdhjj_dlbjh\dZaZjZ[hlghcieZlubadhlhjhcbkqbkey_lkyi_gkby l_hij_^_e_gb_^eydZ`^h]hi_gkbhg_jZbg^b\b^mZevgh]hdhwnnbpb_glZ j) \l_q_gb_ ihke_^mxsboe_l\kljZoh\hcklZ`[m^ml\dexqZlvkybi_jbh^u dh]^Z\aghkukhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgbyg_mieZqb\ZebkvgZijbf_jmq_[Z\\ukrbo mq_[guoaZ\_^_gbyo k) klZ`jZ[hlug_[m^_lmqblu\Zlvky\^\hcghfbebljhcghfjZaf_j_ Hl^_evgucihjy^hdbkqbke_gbykljZoh\h]hklZ`ZkhojZgblkylhevdh^eye_lqbdh\ l) ij_^eZ]Z_lkykhdjZlblvi_j_q_gvijhn_kkbcb^he`ghkl_cdhlhju_^Zxl ijZ\hgZev]hlgh_i_gkbhggh_h[_ki_q_gb_Wlbf_jukijZ\_^eb\ubhijZ\^Zggu ihkdhevdmev]hlgh_i_gkbhggh_h[_ki_q_gb_eh`blky[j_f_g_fgZ\k_omqZklgbdh\ kbkl_fukhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby\nhjf_ih\ur_gguohlqbke_gbc\i_gkbhggucnhg^ Wlhms_fey_lbgl_j_kul_oi_gkbhg_jh\dhlhju_ihkhklhygbxa^hjh\vyg_fh]ml jZ[hlZlvBoi_gkbbmf_gvrZxlkyba-aZhl\e_q_gbyqZklbj_kmjkh\gZ\uieZlmev]hlguo i_gkbcDjhf_lh]h\dhjg_g_ijZ\bevghj_rZlvkhpbZevgu_ijh[e_fuebpaZgyluogZ jZ[hlZok\j_^gufbbly`_eufbmkeh\byfbljm^ZaZkq_li_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby G_h[oh^bfh]ZjZglbjh\ZlvbokhpbZevgmxaZsblmihkj_^kl\hfmemqr_gbymkeh\bcljm^Z bih\ur_gbyaZjZ[hlghcieZluIjh[e_fuk\yaZggu_kev]hlgufbi_gkbyfb^he`gu [ulvj_r_guiml_fkha^Zgby^hihegbl_evguokbkl_fi_gkbhggh]hh[_ki_q_gby 300. 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Ihjy^hd ihevah\Zgby bg\Zeb^Zfb \k_fb Fbgbkl_jkl\h ih ^_eZf 1992 ]h^Z fheh^_`b kihjlZ b lmjbafZ kihjlb\gufb mqj_`^_gbyfb b dmevlmjghijhk\_lbl_evgufb mqj_`^_gbyfb fbgbkl_jkl\h dmevlmju b dmevlh\ h[s_kl\Z bg\Zeb^h\ 3. Hj]ZgbaZpby e_q_gby \k_o [hevguo kh Fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby Ihklhyggh kibgZevgufb aZ[he_\Zgbyfb gZ dmjhjl_ K_j]__\dZ fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z b khpbZevghc aZsblu kh\f_klgh k N_^_jZpb_c g_aZ\bkbfuo ijhnkhxah\ Fhe^h\u 1. ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 118 AZieZgbjh\Zggu_ f_ju JZajZ[hldZ ijh]jZff ^ey h[mq_gby bg\Zeb^h\ ih kemom b aj_gbx \ khhl\_lkl\bb k AZdhghf h nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h yaudZ \ J_kim[ebd_ Fhe^h\Z hldjulb_ dmjkh\ ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ih^]hlh\db b ih\ur_gby d\ZebnbdZpbb 5. <dexq_gb_ \ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguc aZdZa hij_^_e_gghc ghf_gdeZlmju ba^_ebc h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo gZb[hevrmx aZgylhklv b j_Z[beblZpbx bg\Zeb^h\ 6. 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I_j_jZ[hldZ ijh_dlgh-kf_lghc ^hdmf_glZpbb (1992 ]h^ k l_f qlh[u kljhbl_evkl\h `bevy \_ehkv \ khhl\_lkl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf h aZsbl_ bg\Zeb^h\ IeZgu kljhbl_evkl\Z ^he`gu [ulv i_j_kfhlj_gu \ khhl\_lkl\bb k wlbf AZdhghf 8. <g_k_gb_ g_h[oh^bfuo baf_g_gbc \ IjZ\beZ ij_^hklZ\e_gby hkgh\guo ev]hl IjZ\beZ ihevah\Zgby ]hjh^kdhc l_e_nhgghc k_lvx Z lZd`_ LZjbnu gZ mkem]b k\yab k mq_lhf mdZaZggh]h AZdhgZ Mqj_`^_gb_-bkihegbl_ev Fbgbkl_jkl\h gZmdb b h[jZah\Zgby fbgbkl_jkl\h wdhghfbdb fbgbkl_jkl\h nbgZgkh\ h[s_kl\Z bg\Zeb^h\ Kjhd bkiheg_gby I_j\h_ ihem]h^b_ 1993 ]h^Z Fbgbkl_jkl\h ijhfure_gghklb I_j\h_ fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z b khpbZevghc ihem]h^b_ aZsblu 1993 ]h^Z F_klgu_ hj]Zgu kZfhmijZ\e_gby Ihklhyggh h[s_kl\Z bg\Zeb^h\ Fbgbkl_jkl\h Zjobl_dlmju b kljhbl_evkl\Z I_j\h_ ihem]h^b_ 1993 ]h^Z Fbgbkl_jkl\Z b \_^hfkl\Z aZdZaqbdb ijh_dlgu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb Z\lhju ijh_dlh\ fbgbkl_jkl\h Zjobl_dlmju b kljhbl_evkl\Z Fbgbkl_jkl\h bgnhjfZlbdb bgnhjfZpbb b k\yab D dhgpm 1992 ]h^Z b ihklhyggh D hdly[jy ]h^Z 324. Ihj_r_gbxijZ\bl_evkl\ZijbijZ\bl_evkl\_kha^ZgF_`\_^hfkl\_gguckh\_lih j_r_gbxijh[e_fbg\Zeb^h\a^_kvb^Ze__Kh\_lKh\_lij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hc dhgkmevlZlb\guchj]Zgih\hijhkZfjZajZ[hldbbj_ZebaZpbb]hkm^Zjkl\_gghciheblbdb ijh]jZffieZgh\bf_jhijbylbcgZijZ\e_gguogZijhnbeZdlbdmbg\Zeb^ghklb j_Z[beblZpbxbg\Zeb^h\ZlZd`_h[_ki_q_gb_bfjZ\guok^jm]bfb]jZ`^ZgZfb J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z\hafh`ghkl_c\hkms_kl\e_gbbdhgklblmpbhgguoijZ\bk\h[h^ Kh\_lijba\Zgkh^_ckl\h\Zlvijbgylbxwnn_dlb\guof_jihj_r_gbxijh[e_f bg\Zeb^ghklbbhkms_kl\e_gbxijh]jZff^_ckl\bc\hlghr_gbbbg\Zeb^h\ZlZd`_ kh]eZkh\Zgbx^_ckl\bc]hkm^Zjkl\_gguohj]Zgh\mijZ\e_gbyh[s_kl\_gguo h[t_^bg_gbcnhg^h\bbguohj]ZgbaZpbcb]jZ`^ZgihmdZaZgguf\hijhkZf 325. Kh\_ljZkkfZljb\Z_lbijbgbfZ_lj_r_gbyihke_^mxsbf\hijhkZf Z \uy\e_gb_ijbqbgbg\Zeb^ghklbbijbgylb_f_jihboij_^mij_`^_gbx b) ih\ur_gb_wnn_dlb\ghklbf_^bpbgkdhcijhn_kkbhgZevghcbkhpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbbbg\Zeb^h\ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 119 k h[_ki_q_gb_[_kij_iylkl\_ggh]h^hklmiZbg\Zeb^h\dh[t_dlZfkhpbZevghc bgnjZkljmdlmju d) kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_^hrdhevgh]hb[Zah\h]hh[jZah\Zgbybg\Zeb^h\ e) ^b\_jkbnbdZpbyfZl_jbZevgh]hh[_ki_q_gbybkhpbZevgh-[ulh\h]h h[kem`b\Zgbybg\Zeb^h\ f) kha^Zgb_mkeh\bc^eyj_ZebaZpbbbg\Zeb^ZfbijZ\ZgZljm^h[_ki_q_gb_bo aZgylhklb g) kha^Zgb_Z^_d\Zlguomkeh\bcljm^ZbkihjlZ^eybg\Zeb^h\Zdlb\gh]haZgylby kihjlhfbihevah\Zgby^hklb`_gbyfbhl_q_kl\_gghcbfbjh\hcdmevlmju h) ijhnbeZdlbdZbj_Z[beblZpby i) f_`]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_khljm^gbq_kl\hih\hijhkZfbg\Zeb^ghklbbbg\Zeb^h\ j) ^jm]b_\hijhkukhpbZevghciheblbdbk\yaZggu_kbgl_j_kZfbbg\Zeb^h\ 326. Kh\_l\jZfdZoij_^hklZ\e_gguoiheghfhqbc Z jZkkfZljb\Z_laZdhgh^Zl_evgu_Zdluih\hijhkZfij_^mkfhlj_gguf\AZdhg_ h khpbZevghcaZsbl_bg\Zeb^h\ b) dhhj^bgbjm_l^_ckl\byh[s_kl\_gguohj]ZgbaZpbcbg\Zeb^h\^eyih^]hlh\db bijbgylbyj_r_gbcaZljZ]b\Zxsbobobgl_j_ku 327. Kh\_lbf__lijZ\h Z \ghkblvfbgbkl_jkl\Zfb\_^hfkl\ZfgZjmrZxsbflj_[h\Zgby^_ckl\mxs_]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Zij_^eh`_gbyhijbhklZgh\e_gbb^_ckl\by\_^hfkl\_gguo ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\Z\kemqZ_g_h[oh^bfhklbij_^klZ\eylvijZ\bl_evkl\m^hdeZ^uih wlbf\hijhkZf b) aZkemrb\ZlvbgnhjfZpbxjmdh\h^bl_e_cfbgbkl_jkl\b\_^hfkl\hj]Zgh\ f_klgh]hkZfhmijZ\e_gbyih^_eZfbg\Zeb^h\ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 120 k ijb\e_dZlvij_^klZ\bl_e_cfbgbkl_jkl\b\_^hfkl\h[t_^bg_gbc ij_^ijbylbcmqj_`^_gbcbhj]ZgbaZpbcd\ujZ[hld_j_r_gbcih\hijhkZf\oh^ysbf\ bodhfi_l_gpbx 328. K\hbfihklZgh\e_gb_fhg_dhlhjuof_jZoihkhpbZevghcaZsbl_b ljm^hmkljhckl\m[_ajZ[hlguok_gly[jy]h^ZijZ\bl_evkl\hml\_j^behIheh`_gb_ hihjy^d_j_]bkljZpbb[_ajZ[hlguojZ[hlukgbfbbij_^hklZ\e_gbyihkh[byih [_ajZ[hlbp_Iheh`_gb_mklZgZ\eb\Z_l_^bgucgZ\k_cl_jjblhjbbJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z ihjy^hdj_]bkljZpbb[_ajZ[hlguojZ[hlukgbfbbij_^hklZ\e_gbyihkh[byih [_ajZ[hlbp_\khhl\_lkl\bbkAZdhghf-XIIhaZgylhklbljm^hkihkh[gh]hgZk_e_gby hlyg\Zjy]h^Z 329. Kh]eZkghwlhfmIheh`_gbxljm^hkihkh[gu_]jZ`^Zg_\dexqZybg\Zeb^h\ III ]jmiiug_bf_xsb_jZ[hlukhhl\_lkl\_gghbod\ZebnbdZpbbaZdhggh]h^hoh^Zb aZj_]bkljbjh\Zggu_\dZq_kl\_ebpbsmsbojZ[hlm\p_gljZoaZgylhklbgZk_e_gbyih f_klm`bl_evkl\ZkqblZxlky[_ajZ[hlgufb=hkm^Zjkl\h]ZjZglbjm_lbfijZ\hgZ khpbZevgmxaZsblmH[yaZl_evgufmkeh\b_f^eyijbagZgby]jZ`^ZgbgZ[_ajZ[hlguf y\ey_lkyih^ZqZaZy\e_gby\p_gljaZgylhklbgZk_e_gbyIhkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_ \uieZqb\Z_lkyaZkq_lkj_^kl\Nhg^ZaZgylhklbgZk_e_gbyij_^mkfZljb\Z_fuo_`_]h^gh \[x^`_l_]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\Zgby 330. Ihjy^hdj_]bkljZpbb[_ajZ[hlguobjZ[hlukgbfbh]h\Zjb\Z_lky\]eZ\_ Iheh`_gbyke_^mxsbfh[jZahf<k_]jZ`^Zg_g_aZ\bkbfhhljZkugZpbhgZevghklb yaudZj_eb]bbiheZ\a]ey^h\iheblbq_kdbom[_`^_gbckhpbZevgh]hbbfms_kl\_ggh]h iheh`_gbyh[jZah\Zgbyijhn_kkbb`_eZxsb_ljm^hmkljhblvkybf_xlijZ\h h[jZlblvkyaZihfhsvx\p_gljuaZgylhklbgZk_e_gbykih^Zq_caZy\e_gby 331. J_]bkljZpby[_ajZ[hlguoijhba\h^blky\hkgh\ghf`mjgZe_mq_lZ[_ajZ[hlguok h^gh\j_f_ggufaZiheg_gb_fdZjlhqdbmq_lZ[_ajZ[hlguoDZ`^uc[_ajZ[hlguc j_]bkljbjm_lky\`mjgZe_mq_lZih^hij_^_e_ggufghf_jhfdhlhjuckh\iZ^Z_lk ghf_jhf_]hebqghcmq_lghcdZjlhqdbP_gljuaZgylhklbgZk_e_gby\_^mlhl^_evguc mq_laZy\e_gbc]jZ`^Zgdhlhju_g_fh]mlihemqblvklZlmk[_ajZ[hlgh]hebpZg_ ^hklb]rb_e_lbg\Zeb^u,b,,]jmiiui_gkbhg_jub^jbhdZau\Zxlihfhsv\bo ljm^hmkljhckl\_KlZlmk[_ajZ[hlgh]hmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyebpZfdhlhju_khhl\_lkl\mxl iheh`_gbyfklZlvbAZdhgZ-XIIkfhf_glZboj_]bkljZpbb 332. Ihjy^hdij_^hklZ\e_gbyihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\]eZ\_ Iheh`_gby;_ajZ[hlgu_g_bf_xsb_\hafh`ghklbljm^hmkljhblkyba-aZhlkmlkl\by ih^oh^ysbojZ[hqbof_klihevamxlkyijZ\hfgZihkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_kh]eZkgh ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 121 AZdhgm-XIIHgbh[yaZguij_^klZ\blv^hdmf_gluih^l\_j`^Zxsb_wlhijZ\h IjZ\hbmkeh\byihemq_gbyihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_h]h\Zjb\Zxlky\klZlvyo-18 mdZaZggh]hAZdhgZ 333. Ihkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_\uieZqb\Z_lky]jZ`^ZgZfdhlhju_hl\_qZxllj_[h\Zgbyf ij_^mkfhlj_gguf\AZdhg_-XIIhaZgylhklbljm^hkihkh[gh]hgZk_e_gbyhl 21 yg\Zjy]h^Z;_ajZ[hlgu_ihemqZxlijZ\hgZihkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_gZ\hkvfhc ^_gvihke_j_]bkljZpbb\p_glj_aZgylhklbgZk_e_gby_kebwlhijZ\hih^l\_j`^_gh ^hdmf_glZevghZhl^_evgu_dZl_]hjbb[_ajZ[hlguo-ihbkl_q_gbb Z lj_odZe_g^Zjguof_kyp_\kh^gym\hevg_gbyebpZ\uk\h[h`^_ggu_k ohayckl\_gguo_^bgbp b) ^g_cihke_\uimkdZ\uimkdgbdbmq_[guoaZ\_^_gbc k ^g_ckh^gym\hevg_gby\aZiZkebpZm\he_ggu_k\h_gghcbeb Zevl_jgZlb\ghckem`[u 334. Ihjy^hd\uieZluihkh[bcih[_ajZ[hlbp_mklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyijZ\bl_evkl\hfIjZ\hf gZihemq_gb_ihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_ihevamxlky Z ebpZhdhgqb\rb_mq_[gu_aZ\_^_gbydhlhjufbkihegbehkve_ldhlhju_ g_ bf_xlkh[kl\_gguobklhqgbdh\^hoh^Z\jZaf_j_fbgbfZevghcbg^_dkbjh\Zgghc aZjZ[hlghcieZlubdhlhju_\l_q_gb_^g_cihke_\uimkdZg_kfh]ebljm^hmkljhblvky \khhl\_lkl\bbkhk\h_cijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\dhc b) ebpZm\he_ggu_k\h_gghcbebZevl_jgZlb\ghckem`[udhlhju_\l_q_gb_ 30 ^g_ckh^gym\hevg_gby\aZiZkg_kfh]ebljm^hmkljhblvky k ebpZq_cljm^h\hc^h]h\hj[uejZklhj]gmlihijbqbg_baf_g_gbc\ hj]ZgbaZpbbijhba\h^kl\Zbljm^Z\lhfqbke_ebd\b^Zpbbj_hj]ZgbaZpbbbeb i_j_ijhnbebjh\Zgbyij_^ijbylbymqj_`^_gbyhj]ZgbaZpbbkhdjZs_gbyqbke_gghklb bebrlZlZjZ[hlgbdh\ d) ebpZqv_m\hevg_gb_[uehijbagZghg_aZdhggufZ\hkklZgh\e_gb_gZij_`g_c jZ[hl_klZehh[t_dlb\ghg_\hafh`guf _ ebpZq_cljm^h\hc^h]h\hj[uejZklhj]gmlihijbqbg_g_m^h\e_l\hjbl_evghc d\ZebnbdZpbbbebkhklhygbya^hjh\vy ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 122 f) ebpZq_cljm^h\hc^h]h\hj[uejZklhj]gmlihkh[kl\_gghcbgbpbZlb\_ih ke_^mxsbfijbqbgZf i) \k\yabki_j_\h^hfh^gh]hbakmijm]h\gZjZ[hlm\^jm]mxf_klghklv ii) ihkhklhygbxa^hjh\vy iii) g_h[oh^bfhklvmoh^ZaZbg\Zeb^hf,]jmiiu-qe_ghfk_fvb ^_lvfb-bg\Zeb^Zfb^he_lbebebphfij_dehggh]h\hajZklZe_lb klZjr_ iv) ijbi_j__a^_ij_^ijbylby\^jm]mxf_klghklv g) ebpZdhlhju_ljm^hmkljhbebkvihkjhqghfmljm^h\hfm^h]h\hjmbij_djZlbeb ljm^h\mx^_yl_evghklvihhdhgqZgbbkjhdZij_^mkfhlj_ggh]h^h]h\hjhf h) ebpZhk\h[h`^_ggu_baf_klebr_gbyk\h[h^ubbamqj_`^_gbckhpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbb i) `_gsbguij_djZlb\rb_ljm^h\mx^_yl_evghklv\k\yabkmoh^hfaZ^_lvfb^h ^hklb`_gbybfb\hajZklZe_l 335. EbpZi_j_qbke_ggu_\imgdlZoa), bbhbf_xlijZ\hgZihemq_gb_ihkh[byih [_ajZ[hlbp__kebhgbaZj_]bkljbjh\Zebkv\p_glj_aZgylhklbgZk_e_gby\l_q_gb_ ^g_c kh^gyhdhgqZgbymq_[gh]haZ\_^_gby^_fh[bebaZpbbbebhk\h[h`^_gbyEbpZ i_j_qbke_ggu_\imgdlZoc_bg^he`gubf_lvhieZqb\Z_fucljm^h\hcklZ`gZ mkeh\byoihegh]hjZ[hq_]h\j_f_gbg_f_g__r_klbf_kyp_\\l_q_gb_ihke_^gbo 12 f_kyp_\ij_^r_kl\h\Z\rbo^Zl_boj_]bkljZpbb\p_glj_aZgylhklbgZk_e_gby klZlvy 15); 336. KlZlvy AZdhgZ]eZkblqlhebpZg_ihevamxlkyijZ\hfgZihemq_gb_ihkh[bcih [_ajZ[hlbp__kebhgb a) ih^hklb`_gbbi_gkbhggh]h\hajZklZijbh[j_lZxlijZ\hgZihemq_gb_i_gkbb \khhl\_lkl\bbk^_ckl\mxsbfaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf b) g_h[hkgh\ZgghhldZaZebkvhl^\moij_^eh`_gbcih^oh^ys_cjZ[hlubebhl ^\moj_dhf_g^Zpbc[xjhljm^h\uoj_kmjkh\ijhclbdmjkijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\db bebi_j_ih^]hlh\db ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 123 337. Ihkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_\uieZqb\Z_lkykh^gyihemq_gbyijZ\ZgZihkh[b_\ l_q_gb_g_[he__q_f^_\ylbdZe_g^Zjguof_kyp_\Z^eyebp\i_j\u_bsmsbojZ[hlmr_klbdZe_g^Zjguof_kyp_\Ihkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_\uieZqb\Z_lkyp_gljZfbaZgylhklb gZk_e_gby_`_f_kyqghgZhkgh\Zgbbm^hklh\_j_gbyebqghklbbljm^h\hcdgb`dbI_jbh^ \uieZluihkh[bcih[_ajZ[hlbp_\dexqZ_l\j_fygZoh`^_gby[_ajZ[hlgh]h\ihbkdZo ih^oh^ys_]hf_klZjZ[hlubgZdmjkZoijhn_kkbhgZevgh]hh[mq_gbyIhkh[b_ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyh^bgjZab\uieZqb\Z_lkyihaZy\e_gbxebpbf_xsbogZlhijZ\h kh]eZkgh^ZgghfmAZdhgm 338. <kemqZ_[he_agb[_ajZ[hlgufgZhkgh\Zgbb[hevgbqgh]hebklZ\uieZqb\Z_lky ihkh[b_ih\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb\jZaf_j_jZg__mklZgh\e_ggh]hihkh[byih [_ajZ[hlbp_I_jbh^\uieZlu^Zggh]hihkh[by\kmff_g_^he`_gij_\urZlv ^g_caZ \_kvi_jbh^\uieZluihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_Ihkh[b_ih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zf ij_^hklZ\ey_lky[_ajZ[hlgufh^bgjZagZi_jbh^\kemqZ_hkeh`g_gguojh^h\beb jh`^_gby^\mobeb[he__^_l_c-dZe_g^Zjguo^g_cgZqbgZyk-cg_^_eb [_j_f_gghklbgZhkgh\Zgbb[hevgbqgh]hebklZI_jbh^\uieZluihkh[byih [_ajZ[hlbp_\dexqZ_lky\klZ`jZ[hluIhkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_ij_^hklZ\ey_lkygZ i_jbh^g_ij_\urZxsbc\kmffZjghfbkqbke_gbb^_\ylbf_kyp_\gZijhly`_gbb 20 dZe_g^Zjguof_kyp_\klZlvy 339. 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J_r_gb_hij_djZs_gbbijbhklZgh\e_gbb\uieZlubebmf_gvr_gbbjZaf_jZ ihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_ijbgbfZ_lp_gljaZgylhklbgZk_e_gbydhlhjuch[yaZgm\_^hfblv h[wlhf[_ajZ[hlgh]h 347. @_gsbgumdhlhjuobkl_dkjhdmoh^ZaZj_[_gdhfdhlhju_ih^Zeb\p_glj aZgylhklbgZk_e_gbyaZy\e_gb_hihemq_gbbjZ[hq_]hf_klZbljm^hmkljhckl\hdhlhjuo \j_f_gghg_\hafh`ghbf_xlijZ\hgZihkh[b_ih[_ajZ[hlbp_\l_q_gb_\hajZklgh]h i_jbh^Zj_[_gdZhl^he_lDwlhcdZl_]hjbbhlghkylky Z `_gsbgudhlhju_kh^gyjh`^_gbyj_[_gdZb^h^Zluj_]bkljZpbb\p_glj_ aZgylhklbgZk_e_gbyg_[uebljm^hmkljh_gu b) `_gsbguij_djZlb\rb_ljm^h\mx^_yl_evghklv\k\yabkmoh^hfaZj_[_gdhf ^h^hklb`_gby\hajZklZ e_lbih^l\_j^b\rb_wlhlnZdl 348. <kemqZ__kebmihfygmlu_ebpZj_]bkljbjmxlky\p_glj_aZgylhklbgZk_e_gby ih\lhjghhgbfh]mlihevah\ZlvkyijZ\hfgZihemq_gb_wlh]hihkh[byihbkl_q_gbb 20 dZe_g^Zjguof_kyp_\kh^gygZqZeZij_^r_kl\mxs_c\uieZluihkh[byih [_ajZ[hlbp_KlZlvy AZdhgZ 878-XII]ZjZglbjm_lij_^hklZ\e_gb_ihkh[byih [_ajZ[hlbp_JZaf_jihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_aZ\bkblhlfbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlub m\_ebqb\Z_lkylhevdh\kemqZ_ih\ur_gbyfbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZluJZaf_j ihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_g_fh`_l[ulvgb`_fbgbfZevghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlu 349. ;_ajZ[hlgufbf_xsbfgZb`^b\_gbbh^gh]h-^\mo^_l_c\\hajZkl_^h e_l jZaf_jihkh[byih[_ajZ[hlbp_m\_ebqb\Z_lkygZZbf_xsbfgZb`^b\_gbblj_obeb [he__^_l_clh]h`_\hajZklZ-gZ?kebh[Zjh^bl_eyy\eyxlky[_ajZ[hlgufb ^hihegbl_evgZyieZlZgZ^_l_cij_^hklZ\ey_lkyh[hbfjh^bl_eyf 350. <]eZ\_mihfygmlh]hAZdhgZmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyihjy^hdij_^hklZ\e_gby fZl_jbZevghcihfhsbEbpZfdhlhju_ihbkl_q_gbbaZdhggh]hkjhdZihemq_gbyihkh[by ih[_ajZ[hlbp_g_bf_eb\hafh`ghklbljm^hmkljhblvkyij_^hklZ\ey_lkyijZ\hgZ ihemq_gb_fZl_jbZevghcihfhsbbakj_^kl\f_klguo[x^`_lh\FZl_jbZevgZyihfhsv fh`_l[ulvhdZaZgZ Z \^_g_`ghcnhjf_-ihkh[byb^hlZpbbaZihevah\Zgb_`bev_f dhffmgZevgufbmkem]Zfbh[s_kl\_ggufljZgkihjlhfijbh[j_l_gb_e_dZjkl\bl^ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 127 b) \gZlmjZevghcnhjf_-h[_ki_q_gb_lhieb\hf^jh\Zfbbm]e_fh^_`^hc [_kieZlgufiblZgb_f\ki_pbZevguoklheh\uobebh[_ki_q_gb_lZehgZfbgZiblZgb_\ h[s_kl\_gguoklheh\uo Ihjy^hdgZagZq_gbybjZaf_jhdZau\Z_fhcfZl_jbZevghcihfhsbmklZgZ\eb\Z_lky hj]ZgZfbf_klgh]him[ebqgh]hmijZ\e_gby 351. <kemqZ_kf_jlb[_ajZ[hlgh]hqe_gZf_]hk_fvbij_^hklZ\ey_lkyfZl_jbZevgZy ihfhsv\jZaf_j_mklZgh\e_gghfAZdhghfhih]j_[_gbbHgZ\uieZqb\Z_lkybaNhg^Z aZgylhklbgZk_e_gby>ZggZyihfhsvij_^hklZ\ey_lkyijbij_^ty\e_gbbk\b^_l_evkl\Zh kf_jlb[_ajZ[hlgh]hIhkh[b_\uieZqb\Z_lkyjh^kl\_ggbdZfgZhkgh\Zgbb^hdmf_glh\ ih^l\_j`^Zxsboihg_k_ggu_jZkoh^uZ\bkdexqbl_evguokemqZyobohlkmlkl\by^jm]bfebpZfijbij_^ty\e_gbbm^hklh\_j_gbyebqghklb 352. G_ihke_^h\Zl_evghklvbg_kh]eZkh\Zgghklvwdhghfbq_kdboj_nhjfbbof_^e_ggu_ l_fiuijb\_ebdojhgbq_kdhc[_ajZ[hlbp_bh[hklj_gbxijh[e_fu[_^ghklbJZa\blb_ g_\hafh`gh[_a^hklZlhqghcbijhba\h^bl_evghcaZgylhklbgZk_e_gbyG_o\ZldZjZ[hqbo f_kljZ\ghagZqgZihl_j_ex^kdboj_kmjkh\bkZfufk_jv_agufh[jZahfkdZau\Z_lkygZ khpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdhfjZa\blbbkhpbZevghf_^bgkl\_b[eZ]hkhklhygbbgZk_e_gby ;_ajZ[hlbpZijbgyeZm]jh`Zxsb_jZaf_ju?kebgZdhg_p ]h^Z[ueb aZj_]bkljbjh\Zguebrv [_ajZ[hlguolh\ ]h^mboqbkeh\ujhkeh^h 15 000 q_eh\_dZddhgpm ]h^Z\p_gljZoaZgylhklbgZk_e_gby[ueb aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgu 900 q_eh\_dgZk\h[h^guojZ[hqbof_klZ 353. 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BgnhjfZpby b ijhiZ]Zg^Z \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z Z jZkijhkljZg_gb_ bgnhjfZpbb h iheh`_gbb ^_e \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z \ gZpbhgZevghc wdhghfbd_ bamq_gb_ b im[ebdZpby klZl_c \ b) h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z k khljm^gbq_kl\h k F_`^mgZjh^guf bgnhjfZpbhgguf p_gljhf [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_gu ljm^Z ijb F_`^mgZjh^ghc hj]ZgbaZpbb ljm^Z Hl\_lkl\_ggu_ aZ bkiheg_gb_ Kjhd bkiheg_gby Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby Kh\_l Z]jZjb_\ J_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Z 1996- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb kh\f_klgh k GZpbhgZevghc dhgn_^_jZpb_c iZljhgZlZ b Kh\_lhf <k_h[s_c n_^_jZpbb ijhnkhxah\ Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby kh\f_klgh k GZpbhgZevghc dhgn_^_jZpb_c iZljhgZlZ b Kh\_lhf <k_h[s_c n_^_jZpbb ijhnkhxah\ 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb 1996- ]h^u :dZ^_fby ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h mijZ\e_gby Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu 1996- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu ohayckl\_ggu_ _^bgbpu 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u JZchggu_ bkihegbl_evgu_ dhfbl_lu 1996- ]h^u fwjbb ]hjh^h\ b k_e Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu f_klgu_ hj]Zgu im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu f_klgu_ hj]Zgu im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 134 F_ju ih hkms_kl\e_gbx ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc iheblbdb \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z b ih mijZ\e_gbx hojZghc ljm^Z 6. IZjlg_jkl\h Hl\_lkl\_ggu_ aZ bkiheg_gb_ Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b ijhnkhxau Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu Z \aZbfgu_ dhgkmevlZpbb ijb jZajZ[hld_ ghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\ ih hojZg_ ljm^Z h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b ijhnkhxau hj]ZgbaZpby b \uiheg_gb_ kh\f_klguo Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu b) ijh\_jhd ^_yl_evghklb ohayckl\mxsbo h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b km[t_dlh\ \ h[eZklb hojZgu ljm^Z ijhnkhxau k h[mq_gb_ miheghfhq_gguo ih hojZg_ Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu ljm^Z ijhnkhxah\ b ljm^h\uo dhee_dlb\h\ h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b ijhnkhxau hj]ZgbaZpby k_fbgZjh\ kh\_sZgbc b Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu d) l^ ih ijh[e_fZf hojZgu ljm^Z h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b ijhnkhxau _ \k_klhjhggyy ih^^_j`dZ hj]ZgbaZpbc Fbgbkl_jkl\Z ^_iZjlZf_glu ljm^ysboky ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo bgki_dpbc ih h[t_^bg_gby jZ[hlh^Zl_e_c b hojZg_ ljm^Z b l_ogbq_kdbo bgki_dpbc ljm^Z ijhnkhxau ijhnkhxah\ \ bo ^_yl_evghklb gZijZ\e_gghc gZ h[_ki_q_gb_ hojZgu ljm^Z Kjhd bkiheg_gby 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u 1996- ]h^u 361. <p_eyoijh\_^_gbyZdlb\ghcbihke_^h\Zl_evghciheblbdbihh[_ki_q_gbx ghjfZevguomkeh\bcljm^ZjZ[hlgbdZfbij_^mij_`^_gbxg_kqZklguokemqZ_\gZ ijhba\h^kl\_ijZ\bl_evkl\hml\_j^beh=hkm^Zjkl\_ggmxijh]jZffmihmemqr_gbx hojZguljm^Z-]h^uihklZgh\e_gb_hlbxey]h^Z LZ[ebpZ =hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyijh]jZffZihmemqr_gbx hojZguljm^ZgZ-]h^u Ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ f_ju Ih^]hlh\dZ b ij_^klZ\e_gb_ ^ey jZlbnbdZpbb IjhlhdheZ ]h^Z d Dhg\_gpbb FHL ]h^Z h[ bgki_dpbb ljm^Z 2. JZa\blb_ b kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_ ghjfZlb\ghc [Zau hojZgu ljm^Z Z jZajZ[hldZ ghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\ - h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb \gmlj_gg_]h dhgljhey aZ ^_yl_evghklvx ih hojZg_ ljm^Z gZ ij_^ijbylbyo - h[ hj]ZgbaZpbb b ijh\_^_gbb ijb ihklmie_gbb gZ jZ[hlm i_jbh^bq_kdbo h[yaZl_evguo f_^bpbgkdbo hkfhljh\ jZ[hlgbdh\ aZgyluo gZ ijhba\h^kl\_ k hiZkgufb b \j_^gufb mkeh\byfb ljm^Z 1. Hl\_lkl\_ggu_ aZ bkiheg_gb_ Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb Kjhd bkiheg_gby ]h^ Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb I_j\uc d\ZjlZe 1999 ]h^Z Fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby Q_l\_jluc d\ZjlZe 1999 ]h^Z ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 135 Ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ f_ju - h e_q_[gh-ijhnbeZdlbq_kdhf iblZgbb h i_j_qg_ obfbq_kdbo \_s_kl\ ijb jZ[hl_ k dhlhjufb j_dhf_g^m_lky e_q_[gh-ijhnbeZdlbq_kdh_ iblZgb_ jZajZ[hldZ \_^hfkl\_gguo b) ghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\ - h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z ijb hkms_kl\e_gbb ^_yl_evghklb ih kh^_j`Zgbx b j_fhglm h[s_kl\_gguo ^hjh] - h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z gZ ljZgkihjlguo ij_^ijbylbyo - h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z ijb l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgghc b ihqlh\hc ^_yl_evghklb - h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z ijb hkms_kl\e_gbb e_khohayckl\_gghc b e_khaZ]hlh\bl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb \ `b\hlgh\h^kl\_ b jZkl_gb_\h^kl\_ - h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z \ kljhbl_evkl\_ ijb ^h[uq_ b ijhba\h^kl\_ kljhbl_evguo fZl_jbZeh\ - h[ hojZg_ ljm^Z \ lZfh`_gghc ^_yl_evghklb 3. HilbfbaZpby mijZ\e_gby hojZgu ljm^Z - Z mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_ kbkl_fu hojZgu ljm^Z \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lj_[h\Zgbyfb dhg\_gpbc FHL Dhg\_gpby h[ bgki_dpbb ljm^Z \ ijhfure_gghklb b lhj]h\e_ Dhg\_gpby h[ bgki_dpbb ljm^Z \ k_evkdhf ohayckl\_ b) mqj_`^_gb_ ^he`ghklb ki_pbZebklZ ih hojZg_ ljm^Z \ khklZ\_ ZiiZjZlZ ijb fwjbb ]hjh^h\ k jZajZ[hldZ ieZgh\ f_jhijbylbc ih hojZg_ ljm^Z d) jZa\blb_ fZl_jbZevgh-l_ogbq_kdhc [Zau l_jjblhjbZevguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo bgki_dpbc hojZgu ljm^Z _ bamq_gb_ f_`^mgZjh^guo ki_pbZevguo im[ebdZpbc ^ey jZajZ[hldb ghjfZlb\guo Zdlh\ Hl\_lkl\_ggu_ aZ bkiheg_gb_ Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb Fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby Kjhd bkiheg_gby <lhjh_ ihem]h^b_ 1999 ]h^Z <lhjh_ ihem]h^b_ 1999 ]h^Z Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljZgkihjlZ b k\yab 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljZgkihjlZ b k\yab 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljZgkihjlZ b k\yab 1998- ]h^u 1998- ]h^u =hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_ h[t_^bg_gb_ ih e_kghfm ohayckl\m Fhe^kbev\Z fbgbkl_jkl\h k_evkdh]h ohayckl\Z b i_j_jZ[Zlu\Zxs_c ijhfure_gghklb Fbgbkl_jkl\h jZa\blby l_jjblhjbc kljhbl_evkl\Z b dhffmgZevgh]h ohayckl\Z 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h nbgZgkh\ 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb f_klgu_ hj]Zgu im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby \ k_eZo 1998- ]h^u 1998- ]h^u Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h nbgZgkh\ 1998- ]h^u 1998- ]h^u ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 136 Ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ f_ju h [_ahiZkghklb b ]b]b_g_ ljm^Z ijb bkihevah\Zgbb \uqbkebl_evghc l_ogbdb k \b^_hl_jfbgZeZfb - h ijh]ghabjh\Zgbb ijhn_kkbhgZevguo aZ[he_\Zgbc b h f_jZo ih bo ijhnbeZdlbd_ i_j_kfhlj ^_ckl\mxs_]h f) aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z b \g_k_gb_ ij_^eh`_gbc ih ijb\_^_gbx _]h \ khhl\_lkl\b_ k lj_[h\Zgbyfb Dhg\_gpbb FHL 4. 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Hl\_lkl\_ggu_ aZ bkiheg_gb_ Kjhd bkiheg_gby Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby Fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu 1998- ]h^u 1998- ]h^u 1998- ]h^u Fbgbkl_jkl\h ljm^Z khpbZevghc 1998- ]h^u aZsblu b k_fvb fbgbkl_jkl\h a^jZ\hhojZg_gby hj]Zgu im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby Ijhnkhxau 1998- ]h^u Ijhnkhxau Hj]Zgu p_gljZevgh]h b f_klgh]h 1998- ]h^u im[ebqgh]h mijZ\e_gby ijhnkhxau ohayckl\mxsb_ km[t_dlu 5. 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Kh]eZkghAZdhgm-XIIIhijZ\Zoj_[_gdZhl^_dZ[jy]h^Z]hkm^Zjkl\h ]ZjZglbjm_lijZ\hdZ`^h]hj_[_gdZgZ^hklhcgucmjh\_gv`bagbg_h[oh^bfuc^ey_]h nbabq_kdh]hmfkl\_ggh]h^moh\gh]hbkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blby<lh`_\j_fy]hkm^Zjkl\h ijbgbfZ_lf_juihhdZaZgbxihfhsbjh^bl_eyfZlZd`_^jm]bfebpZfhl\_lkl\_gguf aZ\hkiblZgb_bjZa\blb_^_l_cJh^bl_ebdhlhju_y\eyxlkyaZdhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_eyfbk\hbo^_l_ch[yaZguh[_ki_qblvihemq_gb_bo^_lvfbh[jZah\Zgby\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfbebqZklghfmq_[ghfaZ\_^_gbbZlZd`_gZ^e_`Zsb_mkeh\by^eybo h[jZah\ZgbyjZa\blbybokihkh[ghkl_c\g_deZkkguoaZgylbcbkZfhh[jZah\Zgby Jh^bl_ebg_kmlxjb^bq_kdmxhl\_lkl\_gghklvaZhlkmlkl\b_ihklhyggh]hijbkfhljZaZbo g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbfb^_lvfb 425. <kemqZ__kebj_[_ghdkh^_j`blky\]hkm^Zjkl\_gghf^_lkdhfmqj_`^_gbbb aZ[he_\Z_l\k\yabkg_kh[ex^_gb_fij_^ibkZgbc\jZq_ch[Zjh^bl_eydhfi_gkbjmxl jZkoh^ugZ_]he_q_gb_Jh^bl_ebh[yaZguaZ[hlblvkyhk\hbo^_lyo^Z`_\kemqZ_ ebr_gbybojh^bl_evkdboijZ\ 426. <^hiheg_gb_d\ur_baeh`_gghfm\hlghr_gbb\uieZlukj_^kl\gZkh^_j`Zgb_ j_[_gdZZebf_glh\ij_^mkfhlj_ghke_^mxs__ Z _kebjh^bl_evh[yaZgieZlblvZebf_glughg_bf__lihklhyggh]h^hoh^Zbeb g_ihemqZ_l_`_f_kyqghcaZjZ[hlghcieZlubeb_kebmieZlZZebf_glh\ij_^klZ\ey_lky g_\hafh`ghcbebljm^gh\uihegbfhcaZ^Zq_chgfh`_lh[jZlblvkykoh^ZlZckl\hf mklZgh\blvl\_j^mxkmffmZebf_glh\ih^e_`Zsbo\uieZl_gZ_`_f_kyqghchkgh\_ b) jh^bl_ebi_j_\h^ylkj_^kl\ZgZkh^_j`Zgb_j_[_gdZgZebqguckq_l\;ZgdZ ^_wdhghfbb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 158 k ebphbf_xs__ijZ\hgZihemq_gb_Zebf_glh\fh`_lh[jZlblvky\km^k oh^ZlZckl\hfh[bo\aukdZgbb d) Zebf_glufh]ml[ulv\uieZq_gu\l_q_gb_lj_oe_l_kebkm^ijbf_llZd`_ j_r_gb_ijbih^Zq_aZy\e_gbyGZkemqZcg_\uieZluZebf_glh\ij_^mkfhlj_gu hij_^_e_ggu_f_ju^eybo\aukdZgby _ ebpZ\uieZqb\Zxsb_Zebf_gluh[yaZgu\lj_o^g_\guckjhdba\_sZlv khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ijZ\h\u_hj]Zguhkf_g_f_klZ`bl_evkl\ZbjZ[hluZlZd`_h ^hihegbl_evguo^hoh^Zo f) aZmdehg_gb_hlmieZluZebf_glh\aZdhghfij_^mkfZljb\Z_lkygZdZaZgb_ 427. <klZlvyo bDhgklblmpbbaZdj_ie_guke_^mxsb_ijZ\ZijZ\hgZ k_fvxijZ\hbf_lvj_[_gdZijZ\Zj_[_gdZijZ\hgZihfhsvbki_pbZevgmxaZsblm ijZ\hj_[_gdZgZki_pbZevgmxkbkl_fmihfhsbkp_evxh[_ki_q_gbyk\hboijZ\ijZ\h [hevguo^_l_cb^_l_c-bg\Zeb^h\gZihemq_gb_ihkh[bcbihfhsb 428. >eyhkms_kl\e_gbyAZdhgZhijZ\Zoj_[_gdZihklZgh\e_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z 679 hl hdly[jy ]h^Z[ueZijbgylZ=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyijh]jZffZaZsbluijZ\j_[_gdZ < g_chij_^_eyxlkyf_jugZijZ\e_ggu_gZlhqlh[u\haeh`blvgZ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ hj]Zguh[yaZgghklvihh[_ki_q_gbx[eZ]hijbylguomkeh\bc^ey\hkiblZgbyb h[jZah\Zgby^_l_c 429. 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Mom^r_gb_iblZgbybmoh^ZaZ^_lvfbijb\_ehdlhfmqlhm^_l_cgZ[ex^Z_lky fZehdjh\b_kljZ^Z_lhljZoblZZhlf_q_guaZ[he_\Zgbyfbg_j\ghckbkl_fu ?s_h^gbfg_]Zlb\gufy\e_gb_fgZ[ex^Z_fuf\gZr_ckljZg_y\ey_lkyijZdlbdZ hklZ\e_gbygh\hjh`^_gguo^_l_c_`_]h^gh[jhr_ggufbhdZau\Zxlky^_l_c Ihkdhevdmhgbebr_gufZl_jbgkdhcaZ[hluki_j\uo^g_ck\h_c`bagbbfihklhyggh m]jh`Zxl[he_agbb^Z`_kf_jlv>_lbij_[u\Zxsb_\^_lkdbomqj_`^_gbyokljZ^Zxl hlnbabq_kdbobikbobq_kdboaZ[he_\Zgbc 433. >_lbjh`^Zxsb_kykjZaebqgufbnhjfZfbiZlheh]bcklZgh\ylkybg\Zeb^Zfb ihlhfmqlhhgbg_ihemqZxlgZ^e_`Zs_]hbk\h_\j_f_ggh]he_q_gbyIhwlhfmhgbg_ ]hlh\udbgl_]jZpbb\h[s_kl\h<]h^mih^f_^bpbgkdbfgZ[ex^_gb_fgZoh^behkv 14^_l_c-bg\Zeb^h\Ke_^m_lhlf_lblvqlhaZihke_^g__^_kylbe_lb_qbkeh^_l_cbg\Zeb^h\m^\hbehkvbqlhm^_l_cgZ[ex^Zxlkyikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdb_beb hjlhi_^bq_kdb_iZlheh]bb<ukhdmjh\_gv^_lkdh]hljZ\fZlbafZ<k_wlb^_lb gm`^Zxlky\^ebl_evghfj_Z[beblZpbhgghfe_q_gbb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 160 434. GZijhly`_gbbihke_^gboiylbe_lh[km`^Z_lky\hijhkhkha^Zgbb j_kim[ebdZgkdh]hp_gljZj_Z[beblZpbb^_l_ci_j_g_krbok_jv_agu_aZ[he_\Zgbygh d kh`Ze_gbx_]hg_m^Z_lkyj_rblvihijbqbg_g_o\ZldbnbgZgkh\uokj_^kl\ KhdjZlbeZkv^hey]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hnbgZgkbjh\Zgbykbkl_fua^jZ\hhojZg_gby IjZ\bl_evkl\hJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zijbgyehg_kdhevdh]hkm^Zjkl\_gguoijh]jZffih j_r_gbxhkgh\guoijh[e_f\h[eZklbhojZgua^hjh\vygZk_e_gby\hkh[_gghklb a^hjh\vyfZl_jbbj_[_gdZ\qZklghklb - gZpbhgZevgmxijh]jZffmmemqr_gbyhojZgua^hjh\vy[_j_f_gguo`_gsbg - gZpbhgZevgmxijh]jZffmmemqr_gby]_g_lbq_kdhcf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsb - gZpbhgZevgmxijh]jZffm\h[eZklb^_lkdh]hiblZgby - gZpbhgZevgmxijh]jZffm\h[eZklb]b]b_guihehklbjlZm^_l_c - gZpbhgZevgmxijh]jZffmijhnbeZdlbq_kdbof_j - gZpbhgZevgmxijh]jZffm^_ckl\bc\k\yabkijh\_^_gb_f=h^Zj_[_gdZ - gZpbhgZevgmxijh]jZffmihmemqr_gbxieZgbjh\Zgbyk_fvbbhojZgu j_ijh^mdlb\gh]ha^hjh\vy 435. >eyj_r_gby\ur_i_j_qbke_gguoijh[e_f[uehgZqZlhijh\_^_gb_j_nhjfu kbkl_fui_j\bqgh]hf_^bdh-kZgblZjgh]hh[kem`b\ZgbyHgZ^Zkl\hafh`ghklvih\ukblv dZq_kl\hf_^bpbgkdh]hh[kem`b\Zgby\i_j\mxhq_j_^v^_l_cb[_j_f_gguo`_gsbg BamqZxlkyimlbhilbfbaZpbbnbgZgkh\uojZkoh^h\f_^bpbgkdbomqj_`^_gbckp_evx jZkrbjblv^hklmigZk_e_gbydi_j\bqghfmbklZpbhgZjghfmf_^bdh-kZgblZjghfm h[kem`b\Zgbxbmemqr_gbykgZ[`_gbyf_^bdZf_glZfb 436. Ijbih^^_j`d_<HAbXGBK?Nfbgbkl_jkl\ha^jZ\hhojZg_gbymki_rgh j_Zebah\Zehijh_dluih[hjv[_k^_lkdhc^bZj__cbhkljufbj_kibjZlhjgufb aZ[he_\ZgbyfbZlZd`_ihhsj_gbx]jm^gh]h\kdZjfeb\ZgbyGZqZeZkvj_ZebaZpby kljZl_]bbDhfie_dkgh]he_q_gbybijhnbeZdlbdb^_lkdbo[he_ag_cbijh_dlh\ gZijZ\e_gguogZkh^_ckl\b_hkms_kl\e_gbx]hkm^Zjkl\_gghckljZl_]bbjZa\blby gZpbhgZevghckbkl_fua^jZ\hhojZg_gby ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 161 437. >ey^hklb`_gbyp_e_c\h[eZklbkhpbZevghcaZsblu^_l_c[ueijbgyljy^ ghjfZlb\guoZdlh\ijba\Zgguoj_rblvgZb[he__hklju_ijh[e_fuk_fvbfZl_jbb j_[_gdZbih\ukblvaZsbs_gghklvk_f_cbf_xsbo^_l_cHgb\dexqZxlke_^mxs__ Z Dh^_dkaZdhgh\hljm^_klZlvyij_^mkfZljb\Z_l-qZkh\mxjZ[hqmx g_^_ex^eyjZ[hlgbdh\\\hajZkl_-e_lb-qZkh\mx -^eymqZsboky\\hajZkl_ 15-16 e_lKlZlvyij_^mkfZljb\Z_lg_ihegucjZ[hqbc^_gv^ey[_j_f_gguo`_gsbgb `_gsbgbf_xsboj_[_gdZ\\hajZkl_^he_lbebj_[_gdZ-bg\Zeb^Z\\hajZkl_^h 16 e_l b) ihke_\klmie_gby\kbemAZdhgZh]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfi_gkbhgghfh[_ki_q_gbb ^_lb-bg\Zeb^umljZlbebk\h_ijZ\hgZihemq_gb_i_gkbb]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hkhpbZevgh]h kljZoh\ZgbyLZdbfh[jZahfaZ[hlmhgbo\ayehgZk_[y]hkm^Zjkl\h<imgdlZokbd) klZlvbAZdhgZhkhpbZevguoihkh[byog_dhlhjufdZl_]hjbyf]jZ`^Zgijbgylh]h 14 bxey ]h^Z]h\hjblkyqlhihkh[b_gZagZqZ_lky^_lyffeZ^r_ e_lbf_xsbf bg\Zeb^ghklv,,,b,,,]jmiib^_lyfihl_jy\rbfdhjfbevpZAZdhgmklZgZ\eb\Z_l jZaf_ju\uieZldhlhju_ijhba\h^ylkyba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hkhpbZevgh]h[x^`_lZ < klZlv_hij_^_eyxlkyjZaf_ju\uieZqb\Z_fuokmff\dZq_kl\_ijhp_glghc^hebhl fbgbfZevghci_gkbbihklZjhklb i) ^ey^_l_cbf_xsbobg\Zeb^ghklv,]jmiiumklZgh\e_gZklZ\dZ\ ii) ^ey^_l_cbf_xsbobg\Zeb^ghklv,,b,,,]jmiimklZgh\e_gZklZ\dZ\ <klZlv_]h\hjblkyqlhihkh[b_^_lyfihkemqZxihl_jbdhjfbevpZgZagZqZ_lky _kebmf_jr__ebphg_khhl\_lkl\h\Zehmkeh\byf^eyihemq_gbyijZ\ZgZi_gkbx ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]hkhpbZevgh]hkljZoh\ZgbyHghgZagZqZ_lky^_lyf\\hajZkl_^h e_l mqZsbfkybklm^_glZf^h^hklb`_gby\hajZklZe_l_kebhgbg_gZoh^ylkygZiheghf ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfh[_ki_q_gbbbg_bf_xlkhhl\_lkl\mxs_]h^hoh^ZWlhihkh[b_ khklZ\ey_lfbgbfZevghci_gkbbihklZjhklbgZdZ`^h]hj_[_gdZghg_[he__ 11,5 fbgbfZevguoi_gkbcihklZjhklb<kemqZ_ihl_jbh[hbojh^bl_e_cjZaf_jihkh[by m^\Zb\Z_lky 438. Kh\j_f_gkhpbZebklbq_kdh]hkljhyJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZmgZke_^h\ZeZjy^ mqj_`^_gbchkms_kl\eyxsbomoh^aZkbjhlZfb[jhr_ggufbmfkl\_gghbnbabq_kdb hlklZeufb^_lvfbb^_lvfbbakhpbZevghg_mkljh_gguok_f_cKh]eZkghihke_^gbf klZlbklbq_kdbf^Zggufhdheh^_l_cebr_gujh^bl_evkdhchi_dbMoh^aZ^_lvfb kijh[e_fZfbk\yaZggufbkha^hjh\v_fbkhpbZevgufbijh[e_fZfbh[_ki_qb\Z_lky ke_^mxsbfbmqj_`^_gbyfb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 162 ^hfZfb^ey^_l_c-kbjhl\\hajZkl_-e_l ki_pbZevgufb^_lkdbfbkZ^Zfb ^hfZfb^ey^_l_c-kbjhl\\hajZkl_-e_l ^hfZfb^eymfkl\_gghhlklZeuo^_l_c-kbjhl rdheZfb-bgl_jgZlZfb^eykbjhlb^_l_cebr_gguojh^bl_evkdhchi_db bgl_jgZlZfbh[s_]hijhnbey ^hihegbl_evgufbrdheZfb-bgl_jgZlZfb^eymfkl\_gghhlklZeuo^_l_c ki_pbZevgufbrdheZfb^ey^_l_cbf_xsboojhgbq_kdb_aZ[he_\Zgbyb k_gkhjgufb^bknmgdpbyfb rdheZfb^eyljm^gh\hkiblm_fuo^_l_c ^_lkdbfbrdheZfb-kZgZlhjbyfb 439. Ijbqbguihf_s_gby^_l_c\ki_pbZevgu_mqj_`^_gbydZdijZ\behghkyl khpbZevgucoZjZdl_jFZehbfmsb_k_fvbklZedb\Zxsb_kykkhpbZevgufbijh[e_fZfb dhlhju_h[mkeh\e_gug_]Zlb\gufbihke_^kl\byfbi_j_oh^gh]hi_jbh^ZjZkkfZljb\Zxl ihf_s_gb_^_l_c\ki_pbZevgu_mqj_`^_gby\dZq_kl\_hilbfZevghcnhjfukhpbZevghc aZsbluFZkrlZ[u^_yl_evghklbihij_^mij_`^_gbxjZaemq_gbc^_l_ckjh^bl_eyfb g_\_ebdb\\b^mg_m^h\e_l\hjbl_evgh]hfZl_jbZevgh]hiheh`_gbyk_f_ck^_lvfbDjhf_ lh]h\^Zgghch[eZklbg_ijbgbfZehkvgbdZdbof_j=hkm^Zjkl\hg_kha^Zehmkeh\bc^ey hdZaZgbyih^^_j`dbwlbfex^yfihemq_gbybfbh[jZah\Zgbymemqr_gbyfZl_jbZevgh]h iheh`_gbybbgl_]jZpbb\h[s_kl\hG_h[oh^bfhkha^Zlvkbkl_fmihij_^mij_`^_gbx ihf_s_gby^_l_c\]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_mqj_`^_gbyihkj_^kl\hfihhsj_gbyZevl_jgZlb\guo nhjfhdZaZgbyihfhsbk_fvyfmkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgbyijhp_^mjmkugh\e_gbym^hq_j_gbyb l^=eZ\gZyp_evijZ\bl_evkl\_gghckljZl_]bb\h[eZklbaZsbluijZ\^_l_cj_hj]ZgbaZpbyb^b\_jkbnbdZpbykhhl\_lkl\mxsbomqj_`^_gbciml_fboij_h[jZah\Zgby \k_f_cgu_mqj_`^_gbybkha^Zgbyp_gljh\]^_[um^h\e_l\hjyebkvkhpbZevgu_ f_^bpbgkdb_bh[jZah\Zl_evgu_ihlj_[ghklb^_l_c-bg\Zeb^h\>eyj_nhjfu\h[eZklb aZsblu^_l_clj_[mxlkynbgZgkh\u_bex^kdb_j_kmjku ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 163 440. 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Ki_pbZevgZyaZsblZh[_ki_qb\Z_lkyfZl_jyf\^hjh^h\hcbihke_jh^h\hci_jbh^ LZd\khhl\_lkl\bbkDh^_dkhfaZdhgh\hljm^_J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zg_^himkdZ_lky ijb\e_q_gb_[_j_f_gguo`_gsbgb`_gsbgbf_xsbo^_l_c\\hajZkl_^hlj_oe_ld jZ[hlZf\ghqgh_\j_fydk\_jomjhqgufjZ[hlZfbebjZ[hlZf\\uoh^gu_^gbDjhf_ lh]hljm^h\h_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\haZij_sZ_lgZijZ\eylv`_gsbgwlhcdZl_]hjbb\ dhfZg^bjh\db@_gsbgugZihi_q_gbbdhlhjuogZoh^ylky^_lb\\hajZkl_-14 e_l beb ^_lb-bg\Zeb^u-^he_lg_fh]mlijb\e_dZlvkydk\_jomjhqgufjZ[hlZfbeb gZijZ\eylvky\dhfZg^bjh\dm[_abokh]eZkbyklZlvy 442. ;_j_f_gguf`_gsbgZfkgb`Zxlkyghjfu\ujZ[hldbeb[hhgbi_j_\h^ylkygZ ^jm]mxjZ[hlmkkhojZg_gb_fkj_^g_]haZjZ[hldZ>hj_r_gby\hijhkZhi_j_\h^_gZ ^jm]mxjZ[hlm[_j_f_ggZy`_gsbgZih^e_`blhk\h[h`^_gbxhljZ[hlukkhojZg_gb_f kj_^g_]haZjZ[hldZaZ\k_ijhims_ggu_\ke_^kl\b_wlh]hjZ[hqb_^gbaZkq_l ij_^ijbylbymqj_`^_gbybebhj]ZgbaZpbb@_gsbgubf_xsb_^_l_c\\hajZkl_^hlj_o e_l\kemqZ_g_\hafh`ghklb\uiheg_gbyij_`g_cjZ[hlui_j_\h^ylkygZ^jm]mxjZ[hlmk khojZg_gb_fkj_^g_]haZjZ[hldZihij_`g_cjZ[hl_^h^hklb`_gbyj_[_gdhf\hajZklZ lj_oe_lklZlvy 443. Hlimkdih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^ZfkhklZ\ey_ldZe_g^Zjguo^g_c^hjh^h\b 56 ^g_cihke_jh`^_gbyj_[_gdZ\kemqZ_hkeh`g_gguojh^h\bebjh`^_gby^\mobeb [he__^_l_c-^g_cIjbgZebqbbh[s_]hljm^h\h]hklZ`Zg_f_g__h^gh]h]h^Z `_gsbgubf_xlijZ\hgZiheghklvxhieZqb\Z_fuchlimkd^h^hklb`_gbyj_[_gdhf \hajZklZihemlhjZe_lHghieZqb\Z_lkyba]hkm^Zjkl\_gguonhg^h\khpbZevgh]h kljZoh\ZgbyJZ[hlZxsbf`_gsbgZfg_bf_xsbf]h^bqgh]hklZ`ZjZ[hlu \uieZqb\Z_lkyihkh[b_\iheh\bgghfjZaf_j_QZklbqghhieZqb\Z_fuchlimkdihmoh^m aZj_[_gdhffh`_l[ulvbkihevah\ZglZd`_hlphfj_[_gdZ[Z[mrdhc^_^hfbeb^jm]bfb jh^kl\_ggbdZfbnZdlbq_kdbhkms_kl\eyxsbfbmoh^aZj_[_gdhfQZklbqgh hieZqb\Z_fuchlimkdihmoh^maZj_[_gdhffh`_l[ulvbkihevah\Zgiheghklvxbebih qZklyf\ex[h_\j_fy^h^hklb`_gbyj_[_gdhf\hajZklZihemlhjZe_lWlhlhlimkd ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 164 aZkqblu\Z_lky\h[sbcbg_ij_ju\gucklZ`jZ[hlu@_gsbgubeb\ur_mdZaZggu_ebpZ fh]mljZ[hlZlvgZmkeh\byog_ihegh]hjZ[hq_]h\j_f_gbbebgZ^hfmkkhojZg_gb_fijZ\Z gZihemq_gb_ihkh[byihmoh^maZj_[_gdhfklZlvy 444. I_j_^hlimkdhfih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zfbebg_ihkj_^kl\_gghihke_g_]heb[hih hdhgqZgbbhlimkdZihmoh^maZj_[_gdhf`_gsbg_fh`_l[ulvij_^hklZ\e_g_`_]h^guc hlimkdg_aZ\bkbfhhlklZ`ZjZ[hlugZ^Zgghfij_^ijbylbb\mqj_`^_gbbbeb hj]ZgbaZpbbklZlvyDjhf_hlimkdh\ih[_j_f_gghklbjh^Zfbmoh^maZj_[_gdhf `_gsbgZZlZd`_ebpZmdZaZggu_\klZlv_bf_xlijZ\hgZ^hihegbl_evguchlimkd [_akhojZg_gbyaZjZ[hlghcieZluihmoh^maZj_[_gdhf^h^hklb`_gbybf\hajZklZlj_o e_lGZoh^ykv\hlimkd_hgbkhojZgyxlaZkh[hcjZ[hqb_f_klZLZdhchlimkdfh`_l [ulvbkihevah\ZgiheghklvxbebihqZklyf\ex[h_\j_fy^h^hklb`_gbyj_[_gdhf \hajZklZlj_oe_l>hihegbl_evguchlimkd[_akhojZg_gbyaZjZ[hlghcieZlug_ aZkqblu\Z_lky\klZ`jZ[hqbc^ZxsbcijZ\hgZihke_^mxsb__`_]h^gu_hlimkdZ klZlvy 175). 445. @_gsbgZfmkugh\b\rbfgh\hjh`^_gguo^_l_cij_^hklZ\ey_lkyhlimkdaZi_jbh^ kh^gymkugh\e_gbyb^hbkl_q_gby^g_ckh^gyjh`^_gbyj_[_gdZ\kemqZ_ mkugh\e_gby^\mobeb[he__^_l_c-^g_cIjbgZebqbbh[s_]hljm^h\h]hklZ`Zg_ f_g__h^gh]h]h^ZaZwlhli_jbh^bf\uieZqb\Z_lkyihkh[b_ihkhpbZevghfm kljZoh\Zgbx 446. IhklZgh\e_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z hl n_\jZey]h^Z[ueZml\_j`^_gZ Bgkljmdpbyhihjy^d_ij_^hklZ\e_gbyf_^bpbgkdh]hhlimkdZ\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z < khhl\_lkl\bbkwlhcbgkljmdpb_chlimkdih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zfij_^hklZ\ey_lky \jZqhfZdmr_jhf-]bg_dheh]hfZijb_]hhlkmlkl\bb-\jZqhf\_^msbfh[sbcijb_f F_^bpbgkdbchlimkdih[_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zfij_^hklZ\ey_lky_^bgh\j_f_ggh ijh^he`bl_evghklvx\dZe_g^Zjguo^g_cgZqbgZyk-cg_^_eb[_j_f_gghklbIjb hkeh`g_gguojh^Zobebjh`^_gbb^\mob[he__^_l_cf_^bpbgkdbchlimkdm\_ebqb\Z_lky gZ ^g_c<lZdbkemqZyoijh^e_gb_hlimkdZijhba\h^blky\jZqhf<kemqZ_kf_jlb j_[_gdZ\h\j_fyjh^h\beb\i_j\u_r_klv^g_cihke_jh`^_gbyij_^hklZ\ey_lkyhlimkd \ dZe_g^Zjguo^g_c 447. @_gsbgZf\u_oZ\rbfkf_klZihklhyggh]h`bl_evkl\Z\i_jbh^hlimkdZih [_j_f_gghklbbjh^Zfbi_j_g_krbfhkeh`g_ggu_jh^ubebjh^b\rbf^\mob[he__ ^_l_cij_^hklZ\ey_lky^hihegbl_evgucf_^bpbgkdbchlimkdkjhdhfgZdZe_g^Zjguo ^g_c?keb[_j_f_gghklvgZklmibeZ\i_jbh^gZoh`^_gby`_gsbgu\qZklbqgh hieZqb\Z_fhfhlimkd_beb^hihegbl_evghfhlimkd_[_akhojZg_gbyaZjZ[hlghcieZluih moh^maZj_[_gdhff_^bpbgkdbchlimkdij_^hklZ\ey_lkyiheghklvx ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 165 448. Ebklhdhf_^bpbgkdhfhlimkd_\k\yabkhi_jZpb_cbkdmkkl\_ggucf_^bpbgkdbc Z[hjl\u^Z_lky\jZqhfijhba\h^b\rbfwlmhi_jZpbxgZ^g_cIjh^e_gb_wlh]h hlimkdZijhba\h^blky\mklZgh\e_gghfihjy^d_<kemqZ_e_]Zevgh]hij_ju\Zgby [_j_f_gghklbihf_^bpbgkdbfihdZaZgbyfZlZd`_ijb[_j_f_gghklbk^jm]bfb\b^Zfb Z[hjlguobkoh^h\ebklhdhf_^bpbgkdhfhlimkd_\u^Z_lkygZh[sbohkgh\ZgbyogZ\_kv i_jbh^\ua^hjh\e_gby`_gsbgu 449. J_r_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z hln_\jZey ]h^Z[ueZml\_j`^_gZ Bgkljmdpbyhihjy^d_gZagZq_gbybkqbke_gbyb\uieZluihkh[bc\k\yabk ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ff_^bpbgkdh]hhlimkdZ\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZIhkh[byih k\b^_l_evkl\Zfhf_^bpbgkdhfhlimkd_gZagZqZxlkyihf_klmjZ[hludhfbkkb_cih khpbZevghfmkljZoh\Zgbxij_^ijbylbymqj_`^_gbybebhj]ZgbaZpbbGZij_^ijbylbyo ]^_g_lih^h[guodhfbkkbcihkh[bygZagZqZxlkyg_ihkj_^kl\_gghebpZfb hl\_lkl\_ggufbaZkhpbZevgh_kljZoh\Zgb_GZf_edboij_^ijbylbyo]^_g_llZdhc _^bgbpuihkh[bygZagZqZxlkyZ^fbgbkljZpb_c>hieZlZdjZg__gZagZq_ggufihkh[byf ijhba\h^blkygZhkgh\Zgbbhl^_evgh]hj_r_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxs_]hhj]ZgZ 450. 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Ijb\e_q_gb_g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbod\uiheg_gbxhij_^_e_gguo\b^h\jZ[hl ij_^klZ\eyxsbom]jhamboa^hjh\vxeb[hkem`Zsboij_iylkl\b_f\ihemq_gbb h[jZah\Zgbyeb[hgZghkysboms_j[bonbabq_kdhfmmfkl\_gghfm^moh\ghfmb khpbZevghfmjZa\blbx\e_q_lgZeh`_gb_rljZnhf\jZaf_j_^hFJHL ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 168 klZlvy 41/1 Dh^_dkZh[Z^fbgbkljZlb\guoijZ\hgZjmr_gbyoKh]eZkghDh^_dkmaZdhgh\ hljm^_\k_ebpZfheh`_e_lijbgbfZxlkygZjZ[hlmebrvihke_ijhoh`^_gby f_^bpbgkdh]hhkfhljZklZlvybijbijb_f_gZjZ[hlmbkiulZl_evguckjhd^eygbo g_mklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyimgdlklZlvb >eyjZ[hlgbdh\\\hajZkl_-e_l ijh^he`bl_evghklvjZ[hq_cg_^_ebkhklZ\ey_lqZkh\Z^eyebp\\hajZkl_-e_l bebmqZsboky\\hajZkl_-e_ljZ[hlZxsbo\h\j_fydZgbdme-qZkZklZlvb AZdhgaZij_sZ_lijb\e_dZlvbodghqgufbk\_jomjhqgufjZ[hlZfbdjZ[hlZf\ \uoh^gu_^gbklZlvy 459. >eyjZ[hlgbdh\fheh`_e_lmklZgZ\eb\ZxlkykhdjZs_ggu_ghjfu\ujZ[hldb Hgbbf_xlijZ\hgZ_`_]h^guchlimkdijh^he`bl_evghklvxh^bgdZe_g^Zjgucf_kyp\ e_lgbci_jbh^ZlZd`_ihkh]eZkh\Zgbx\^jm]b_i_jbh^uAZjZ[hlgZyieZlZ jZ[hlgbdZffheh`_e_lijbkhdjZs_gghcijh^he`bl_evghklb_`_^g_\ghcjZ[hlu \uieZqb\Z_lky\lZdhf`_jZaf_j_qlhbjZ[hlgbdZfijbiheghcijh^he`bl_evghklb _`_^g_\ghcjZ[hluLjm^jZ[hlgbdh\kh\f_sZxsbojZ[hlmbmq_[mhieZqb\Z_lky ijhihjpbhgZevghhljZ[hlZgghfm\j_f_gbklZlvbb 460. 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DkhpbZevghmya\bfuf]jmiiZfgZk_e_gbydhlhjuf[he__\k_]hm]jh`Z_l[_^ghklv hlghkylky Z fgh]h^_lgu_k_fvb\gZb[hevr_ckl_i_gbij_^jZkiheh`_ggu_d[_^ghklbBa \k_oqe_gh\^hfZrgboohayckl\djZcg_[_^gufby\eyxlkybak_f_cbf_xsboq_luj_o ^_l_c -bak_f_cklj_fy^_lvfb -bak_f_cbf_xsboh^gh]hj_[_gdZ b[_a^_lguok_f_c - 16,9%; b) g_ihegu_k_fvb\dhlhjuofZlv\hkiblu\Z_lk\hbo^_l_c[_afm`Z DZ`^ZyiylZylZdZyk_fvygZoh^blkygb`_q_jlu[_^ghklb k fheh^u_k_fvb\hajZklqe_gh\dhlhjuog_ij_\urZ_l e_lbdhlhju_g_ bf_xl^_l_ck_fvbkh^gbfj_[_gdhfbk_fvbk^\mfy^_lvfb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 175 d) [_ajZ[hlgu_gZoh^ysb_ky\khklhygbbdjZcg_c[_^ghklbBo^heykhklZ\ey_l hlh[s_]hqbkeZ[_ajZ[hlguo _ bg\Zeb^umjh\_gv`bagbdhlhjuo\_kvfZgbahdGZebqb_mgbokl_i_gb bg\Zeb^ghklbmkm]m[ey_lbo[_^ghklvDZ`^ucq_l\_jlucbg\Zeb^y\ey_lky hq_gv[_^guf f) i_gkbhg_judZ`^uciylucbadhlhjuoy\ey_lkyhq_gv[_^guf g) jZ[hlgbdbk_evkdhohayckl\_ggh]hk_dlhjZbf_xl[he__gbadb_^hoh^uq_f ^jm]b_khpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdb_]jmiiuDZ`^uciyluclZdhcjZ[hlgbdy\ey_lkydjZcg_ [_^guf Wlb^Zggu_\aylubaGZpbhgZevghcijh]jZffukgb`_gbymjh\gy[_^ghklbml\_j`^_gghc j_r_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z hl bxey ]h^Z 467. < ]h^mbg^_dkkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blbyBKJ\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZkhklZ\be\ 1998 ]h^m \ke_^kl\b_q_]hkljZgZnb]mjbjh\ZeZ\\_jog_cqZklbkibkdZkljZgkh kj_^gbfmjh\g_fkhpbZevgh]hjZa\blbyIh^ZggufIJHHGaZi_jbh^kih 1995 ]h^J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZhimklbeZkvk^h f_klZLZd`_ih^ZggufIJHHG\ 1998 ]h^m^g_\ghc^hoh^ijbf_jghmgZk_e_gbykhklZ\eyef_g__^\mo^heeKR: >heykhklhyl_evguoex^_ckhklZ\beZ\ ]h^m - 7%). 468. JZaf_jaZjZ[hlghcieZlulZd`_g_]Zlb\ghkdZau\Z_lkygZmjh\g_`bagb D 1998 ]h^mkj_^gyyaZjieZlZmf_gvrbeZkv\^\ZjZaZihkjZ\g_gbxk ]h^hf Kgb`_gb_j_Zevguo^hoh^h\ijb\_ehdagZqbl_evghfmiZ^_gbxieZl_`_kihkh[gh]h kijhkZ<i_j_kq_l_gZ^heeKR:J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZaZgbfZ_lk_^vfh_f_klhkj_^b ^\_gZ^pZlbkljZg -qe_gh\KG=Mjh\_gv`bagbklZjbdh\bg\Zeb^h\g_iheguok_f_cb ^jm]bodZl_]hjbcg_ljm^hkihkh[gh]hgZk_e_gby^hklb]djblbq_kdbgbadhchlf_ldb < gZqZe_ ]h^Zh[s__qbkehi_gkbhg_jh\khklZ\eyeh 900 q_eh\_dl_\k_]h gZk_e_gbyIhdmiZl_evgZykihkh[ghklvi_gkbckhklZ\ey_lebrvboihdmiZl_evghc kihkh[ghklbihkhklhygbxgZ ]h^kh]eZkghGZpbhgZevghfm^hdeZ^mhkhpbZevghf jZa\blbb\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZaZ ]h^ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 176 LZ[ebpZ IhdZaZl_ev Kj_^gbc hdeZ^ k_fvb \ e_yo FbgbfZevgZy ihlj_[bl_evkdZy dhjabgZ \ e_yo \ lhf qbke_ ijh^mdlu iblZgby ijhfure_ggu_ lh\Zju mkem]b b g_ij_^\b^_ggu_ jZkoh^u Kj_^gyy aZjZ[hlgZy ieZlZ d fbgbfZevghc ihlj_[bl_evkdhc dhjabg_ Jhkl ihlj_[bl_evkdbo p_g k gZqZeZ ]h^Z Kj_^gyy i_gkby \ e_yo Kj_^g_f_kyqguc mjh\_gv bgneypbb (%) H[s__ qbkeh [_ajZ[hlguo luk q_e IhdZaZl_ebmjh\gy`bagb 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 108,4 143,2 187,1 219,8 250,4 304,6 407 271 311 388 440 473 662 944 122 93 151 85 186 99 204 108 205 123 263 177 395 263 56 75 103 126 145 222 286 40,0 46,0 48,2 49,6 53,3 45,8 39,5 204,5 55,2 123,8 64,3 115,1 78,7 111,2 82,8 118,3 83,9 143,7 82,8 118,4 84,6 6,2 38,7 1,8 45,4 1,2 46,3 0,9 49,5 ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 1,41 63,3 ]h^ 3,05 57,8 ]h^ 1,60 47,3 469. IhkjZ\g_gbxk ]h^hf\ ]h^mkhhlghr_gb_f_`^mkj_^g_ci_gkb_cb kj_^g_caZjZ[hlghcieZlhckhdjZlbehkvk^hFHLkqblZ_lqlhwlhl dhwnnbpb_gl^he`_gkhklZ\eylvhdhehkl_fqlh[uh[_ki_qb\ZehkvkijZ\_^eb\h_ i_j_jZkij_^_e_gb_h[s_kl\_ggh]h^hoh^ZG_khfg_gghlZdZyi_gkbyg_fh`_l h[_ki_qblv^hklhcgh]hmjh\gy`bagb 470. >Zggu_>_iZjlZf_glZklZlbklbq_kdh]hbkhpbheh]bq_kdh]hZgZebaZJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\ZmdZau\ZxlgZlhqlhm ih`beuoex^_ci_gkbykhklZ\ey_l e__\qlh gb`_q_jlu[_^ghklbKljmdlmjZihlj_[bl_evkdbojZkoh^h\wlhc]jmiiui_gkbhg_jh\ k\b^_l_evkl\m_lhlhfqlh[he__i_gkbbljZlblkygZiblZgb_Djhf_lh]hddhgpm 1998 ]h^Zh[sZykmffZaZ^he`_gghklbihi_gkbyf^hklb]eZ 000 e__\beb<<I <uieZlZi_gkbcaZ^_j`b\Z_lkygZ-5,5 f_kyp_\<k_evkdbojZchgZolZdZyaZ^_j`dZ khklZ\ey_l-9 f_kyp_\Kp_evxh[e_]qblviheh`_gb_ij_klZj_euoijh]jZffhc KljZoh\Zgb_ihklZjhklbj_Zebam_fhciZjZee_evghk\\_^_gb_fgh\hci_gkbhgghc kbkl_fuij_^mkfZljb\Z_lkydhfie_dkf_j\dexqZy Z ebd\b^ZpbxaZ^he`_gghklbihi_gkbyfbkha^Zgb_f_oZgbafZdhlhjucg_ ^himkdZe[u\hagbdgh\_gbyaZ^he`_gghklb b) jZkrbj_gb_khpbZevguomkem]^eyij_klZj_euo ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 177 471. <J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZgZkqblu\Z_lkyhdheh 400 bg\Zeb^h\badhlhjuo ihl_jyebljm^hkihkh[ghklv\j_amevlZl_g_kqZklguokemqZ_\gZijhba\h^kl\_>heyebp y\eyxsbokybg\Zeb^Zfbk^_lkl\ZkhklZ\ey_lhdhehhlh[s_]hqbkeZbg\Zeb^h\ H[e_]qblviheh`_gb_bg\Zeb^h\ijba\Zguke_^mxsb_f_ju Z ij_^hklZ\e_gb_i_gkbcihbg\Zeb^ghklb b) \uieZlZ^hihegbl_evguoihkh[bcbaNhg^ZkhpbZevghcih^^_j`db k [_kieZlgh_e_q_gb_\kZgZlhjbyo d) ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ijhl_ah\b^jm]bokj_^kl\i_j_^\b`_gby 472. Mjh\_gv[_^ghklbdZdbgkljmf_glbaf_j_gby\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z_s_g_ jZajZ[hlZgIh ijbqbg_hlkmlkl\byki_pbZevguobkke_^h\Zgbcijh\h^bfu_ Z^fbgbkljZlb\gufbmqj_`^_gbyfbkhpbZevghcaZsblujZkq_lu\k__s_y\eyxlky g_Z^_d\ZlgufbI_j\ZyihiuldZijhZgZebabjh\Zlvn_ghf_g[_^ghklb[ueZij_^ijbgylZ \J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z\jZfdZoGZpbhgZevghcijh]jZffukgb`_gbymjh\gy[_^ghklb (1997-1998 ]h^uHgZnbgZgkbjh\ZeZkv<k_fbjguf[ZgdhfbIJHHGLhqdhchlq_lZ ijbhij_^_e_gbbmjh\gy[_^ghklbkem`blq_jlZ[_^ghklbkhklZ\eyxsZy e__\\ f_kyp^heeKR:\^_gvihl_dms_fmdmjkm>hey[_^g_crbo]jZ`^Zgk^hoh^Zfb gb`_q_jlu[_^ghklbkhklZ\eyeZ\ ]h^mhlh[s_]hgZk_e_gbyIh^Zgguf ^jm]h]hijh_dlZ<k_fbjgh]h[ZgdZFhe^h\Z-hp_gdZmjh\gy[_^ghklb^heyebp gZoh^ysbokygb`_q_jlu[_^ghklbm\_ebqbeZkvk\h\lhjhfd\ZjlZe_^h\ q_l\_jlhfd\ZjlZe_Kihfhsvxwlbobkke_^h\Zgbcg_m^Zehkvhlke_^blv^bgZfbdm mjh\gy[_^ghklbbihke_^mxsbc^hihegbl_evgucZgZebaih^l\_j^beqlhijh[e_fZ [_^ghklbmkm]m[beZkv<\b^m\Z`ghklb^Zgghcijh[e_fubg_h^ghagZqghcj_Zdpbb kj_^kl\fZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbb\ ]h^m:dZ^_fbygZmdJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zijh\_eZ _s_h^ghbkke_^h\Zgb_Ihke_dhjj_dlbjh\dbbihiheg_gby^Zgguoihemq_gguogZ hkgh\_ij_^u^msboh[ke_^h\ZgbcaZq_jlm[_^ghklb[ueZijbgylZkmffZ\ e_y\ f_kypf_g__^heeKR:\^_gvihl_dms_fmdmjkmBkke_^h\ZgbyihdZaZebqlh Z ^hey[_^guo\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z\ur_q_f\_\jhi_ckdbokljZgZoKG=b kljZgZo<hklhqghc?\jhiuki_j_oh^ghcwdhghfbdhc b) jbkdhdZaZlvkyaZq_jlhc[_^ghklb\ur_\k_evkdbojZchgZo]^_h]jZgbq_gu \hafh`ghklb^eyljm^hmkljhckl\Z k k_evkdh_ohayckl\hy\ey_lkyk_dlhjhfkgZb[hevrbfqbkehf[_^guo ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 178 d) ihdZaZl_ev[_^ghklbgb`_kj_^bdZl_]hjbcebpk\ukhdbfmjh\g_f h[jZah\Zgby _ [_^gufby\eyxlkyg_d\Zebnbpbjh\ZgguojZ[hqbo 473. <kljZg_kms_kl\m_l\j_f_ggZy[_^ghklvl_\j_f_ggZyg_kihkh[ghklv h[_ki_qblvk_[yijh^mdlZfbiblZgbybh^_`^hc\hlebqb_hlihklhygghcgbs_lu ebpZg_bf_xsb_`bevybebZedh]hebdbbgZjdhfZguIheh`_gb_mkm]m[ey_lkyl_f qlh^hoh^ujZkij_^_eyxlky\ms_j[h[_a^he_gguf]jmiiZfgZk_e_gby>hoh^uk_f_c `b\msbogb`_q_jlu[_^ghklbgZgb`_[Zah\h]hmjh\gy 474. IZ^_gb_mjh\gy`bagbijb\_ehdm\_ebq_gbxjZkoh^h\gZijh^mdluiblZgby ijbq_fkj_^gbcmjh\_gvihlj_[e_gbydZehjbcihgbabekyP_gljhfkljZl_]bq_kdbo bkke_^h\Zgbcbj_nhjf[ueijh\_^_gZgZebak_f_cguo[x^`_lh\Kh]eZkghihemq_gguf ^Zgguff_g__gZk_e_gby\ 1998 ]h^m\dexqZydZl_]hjbb]jZ`^Zgk\ukhdbfb ^hoh^Zfbm^ZehkvkhojZgblvlhl`_mjh\_gv`bagbqlhb\ ]h^mHdheh gZk_e_gbyihlj_[ey_lf_g__ 500 dZehjbcqlhkh]eZkghIjh^h\hevkl\_gghcb k_evkdhohayckl\_gghchj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguoGZpbcij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hclm]jZgvaZ dhlhjhcgZqbgZ_lkyg_^h_^Zgb_Kj_^gbcihdZaZl_evihlj_[e_gbydZehjbcgZ^mrm gZk_e_gbykhklZ\be\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z 980 dZehjbclh]^ZdZdmklZgh\e_ggZyN:H ghjfZjZ\gy_lky 500 dZehjbc<khhl\_lkl\bbkj_dhf_g^ZpbyfbN:Hkhhlghr_gb_ [_edh\`bjh\bm]e_\h^h\ijbihlj_[e_gbbijh^mdlh\iblZgby^he`ghkhklZ\eylv < J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZwlZijhihjpbykhklZ\ey_l<k\yabkwdhghfbq_kdbf djbabkhfbj_kljmdlmjbaZpb_ck_evkdhohayckl\_ggh]hk_dlhjZh[t_fuijhba\h^kl\Zb k[ulZijh^mdlh\iblZgby\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZmiZeb 475. DZq_kl\hbkljmdlmjZiblZgbyij_l_ji_ebbaf_g_gbyKhdjZlbehkvihlj_[e_gb_ `b\hlguoijh^mdlh\fykZfhehdZbybpbwlhkdZaZehkvgZdZq_kl\_iblZgby G_^hklZlhqgh_iblZgb_y\ey_lkyijbqbghcjhklZkf_jlghklbkj_^b^_l_c\\hajZkl_^h h^gh]h]h^Zih^Zggufbkke_^h\Zgbcijh\_^_gguoijbih^^_j`d_XGBK?N < ^g_\ghfjZpbhg_fgh]h^_lguok_f_c^heyg_h[oh^bfuo[_edh\g_ij_\urZ_l m]e_\h^h\-\blZfbgZ:-\blZfbgZK- 23%,nhknhjZ-bdZevpby- 40%. Wg_j]_lbq_kdZyp_gghklvjZpbhgZj_[_gdZgZgb`_mklZgh\e_gghcghjfuDZq_kl\h iblZgby^_l_c^hrdhevgh]h\hajZklZdjZcg_g_m^h\e_l\hjbl_evgh?`_f_kyqguc ^_nbpblfykhfhehqguoijh^mdlh\ij_\urZ_l-< kj_^gbordheZolhevdh ^_l_ch[_ki_q_guiblZgb_fgh_]hwg_j]_lbq_kdZyp_gghklvkhklZ\ey_lebrv-hl mklZgh\e_gghcghjfu<jZpbhg_ij_h[eZ^Zxlfmqgu_ba^_eby ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 179 476. Kh]eZkghhp_gdZfijb\_^_gguf\ijh]jZff_ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguof_jhijbylbcgZ 1998-]h^u<<IgZ^mrmgZk_e_gbykhklZ\ey_l\k_]h ^heeKR:qlhy\ey_lky h^gbfbakZfuogbadboihdZaZl_e_ckj_^bkljZgki_j_oh^ghcwdhghfbdhc< 2000 ]h^m gZ^hexaZjZ[hlghcieZluijboh^behkv^hoh^h\bhgZkhklZ\eyeZebrv ijh`blhqgh]hfbgbfmfZ 477. LZdhcmjh\_gv[_^ghklbfh`ghh[tykgblv\h-i_j\uoj_adbfhkeZ[e_gb_f khpbZevghcaZsbs_gghklb]jZ`^ZgLZdihkjZ\g_gbxk ]h^hfihdmiZl_evgZy kihkh[ghklvkj_^g_ci_gkbbmf_gvrbeZkv\q_luj_jZaZKhdjZs_gb_qbkeZ gZeh]hieZl_evsbdh\\ua\ZehnbgZgkh\mxg_klZ[bevghklvkbkl_fukhpbZevghcaZsblu dhlhjZyijbh[j_eZojhgbq_kdmxnhjfmIj_^hklZ\ey_fhckhpbZevghcihfhsbg_ o\ZlZ_lbf_xsb_kyj_kmjku\_kvfZh]jZgbq_gubbkihevamxlkyg_wnn_dlb\ghiylZy qZklv[_^guo^hfZrgboohayckl\ihemqZ_l\k_]hh[s_]hh[t_fZkhpbZevguo\uieZl ZiylZyqZklvaZ`blhqguo^hfZrgboohayckl\-yg\Zjy ]h^ZJ_kim[ebdZ Fhe^h\Zih^ibkZeZMklZ\N:HdhlhjZyj_Zebah\ZeZjy^ijh_dlh\\h[eZklbiblZgbyih \k_ckljZg_ 478. 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Kihkh[uijbh[j_l_gby`beiehsZ^by\eyxlkyke_^mxsbfbijbh[j_l_gb_`bevy\ kh[kl\_gghklvaZdexq_gb_Zj_g^gh]h^h]h\hjZk\eZ^_evp_fbebkh[kl\_ggbdhf`bevy ijZ\hgZihemq_gb_dhhi_jZlb\ghcd\ZjlbjugZhkgh\Zgbbqe_gkl\Z\dhhi_jZlb\_ aZdexq_gb_^h]h\hjZgZijbh[j_l_gb_^hfZkkhojZg_gb_faZijh^Z\phfijZ\Z ih`bag_ggh]hijh`b\Zgby\g_f 491. <khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c@bebsgh]hdh^_dkZJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z`beh_ ihf_s_gb_ij_^hklZ\ey_fh_]jZ`^ZgZf^eyijh`b\Zgby^he`gh[ulv[eZ]hmkljh_gguf ijbf_gbl_evghdmkeh\byf^Zggh]hgZk_e_ggh]himgdlZbhl\_qZlvmklZgh\e_gguf ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 183 kZgblZjgufbl_ogbq_kdbflj_[h\ZgbyfG_^himkdZ_lkyaZk_e_gb_hk\h[h^b\rboky `beuoihf_s_gbc\Z\Zjbcguo^hfZoih^\ZeZo[ZjZdZob\^jm]bog_ijbkihkh[e_gguo ^ey`bevykljh_gbyoZlZd`_^hfZoih^e_`Zsbokghkmeb[hi_j_\h^m\g_`beu_ 492. 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J_`bfkh[kl\_gghklbgZa_fexj_]mebjm_lkyA_f_evgufdh^_dkhfJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\Zijbgyluf^_dZ[jy]h^Z<j_f_ggufiheh`_gb_fhdmie_-ijh^Z`_ a_f_evguomqZkldh\ijbgylufj_r_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Zhlbxgy ]h^ZAZdhghfh ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfa_fe_mkljhckl\_]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfa_f_evghfdZ^Zklj_bfhgblhjbg]_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 185 a_f_evhl^_dZ[jy ]h^ZAZdhghfhghjfZlb\ghcp_g_bihjy^d_dmieb-ijh^Z`b a_febhlbxey ]h^ZbAZdhghfh[wdkijhijbZpbb^eyh[s_kl\_ggh-ihe_aguo p_e_chl bxey ]h^Z 497. <]h^mkljhbl_evguck_dlhjaZgbfZelj_lv_f_klh\wdhghfbd_J_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\ZbgZ_]h^hexijboh^behkv<<I<ke_^mxsb_r_klve_lh[t_fu kljhbl_evkl\ZkhdjZsZebkv[he__[ukljufbl_fiZfbq_fgZMdjZbg_b\Jmfugbb 498. KljZl_]by\hlghr_gbbjugdZ`bevyb^jm]hcg_^\b`bfhklbij_^mkfZljb\Z_l ke_^mxsb_g_h[oh^bfu_f_juihmemqr_gbxgug_rg_ckblmZpbb\h[eZklbj_ZebaZpbb ijZ\ZgZ`bebs_ Z jZkrbj_gb_jugdZdhfnhjlZ[_evguoqZklguo^hfh\^ey]jZ`^Zgbf_xsbo [hevrb_^hoh^ubhk\h[h`^_gb_d\Zjlbj\fgh]hwlZ`guo^hfZo<ke_^kl\b_wlh]hgZ jugd_ihy\blky[hevr_d\Zjlbjqlhiha\heblebpZfkhkj_^gbfb^hoh^Zfbmemqrblv k\hb`bebsgu_mkeh\by b) ihhsj_gb_kljhbl_evkl\Zfgh]hd\Zjlbjguo^hfh\bkgb`_gb_lj_[h\Zgbc\ hlghr_gbb\ukhlghklb 499. J_kim[ebdZFhe^h\ZnZdlbq_kdbg_dhgljhebjm_lkblmZpbxgZl_jjblhjbb Ijb^g_kljh\vy]^_k]h^Zhlf_qZxlky]jm[u_gZjmr_gbyijZ\ZgZ`bebs_ KlZlvy 500. Wdhghfbq_kdbckiZ^ihke_^gboe_lg_]Zlb\ghkdZaZekygZmjh\g_aZ[he_\Z_fhklb h[mkeh\bem\_ebq_gb_qbkeZkemqZ_\\j_f_gghcihl_jbljm^hkihkh[ghklb<]h^m gZ[ex^Zekyg_agZqbl_evgucjhklihdZaZl_ey\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklbih kjZ\g_gbxk ]h^hfZlZd`_qbkeZijhims_gguoih[he_agbjZ[hqbo^g_c \]h^mb\]h^mh[ke_^h\ZghjZ[hqboIheh`_gb_k `_gsbgZfbh[klhblbgZq_<]h^mgZ wdhghfbq_kdbZdlb\guo`_gsbg ijboh^bekykemqZc\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklbb ijhims_gguoih[he_agb jZ[hqbo^gyZ\ ]h^m- 39,7 kemqZ_\\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklbb 677,8 ijhims_gguoih[he_agbjZ[hqbo^gyGZb[he__qZklh\klj_qZxsbfbky aZ[he_\Zgbyfb\_^msbfbd\j_f_gghcg_ljm^hkihkh[ghklby\eyxlky]jbiib j_kibjZlhjgu_bgn_dpbb-]h^-aZ[he_\Zgbyi_jbn_jbcghcg_j\ghc kbkl_fubhihjgh-^\b]Zl_evgh]hZiiZjZlZ-]h^-ljZ\fu- 9,6% ]h^-aZ[he_\Zgbyibs_\Zjbl_evgh]hljZdlZ-]h^- 8,5%); aZ[he_\Zgbyk_j^_qgh-khkm^bklhckbkl_fu-]h^-JZde_]dbo ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 186 dh`bb`_em^dZy\eyxlkyjZkijhkljZg_ggufb[he_agyfbkj_^bfm`kdhc qZklbgZk_e_gbyZm`_gsbgqZs_\klj_qZxlkyjZd]jm^bdh`bbr_cdb fZldbA^hjh\v_`_gsbg-ihdZaZl_evj_ijh^mdlb\gh]hihl_gpbZeZgZk_e_gby Mjh\_gvjh`^Z_fhklb\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZkhklZ\ey_llh]^ZdZdkj_^gbc ihdZaZl_evih?\jhi_jZ\_g>eyh[_ki_q_gby\hkijhba\h^kl\ZgZk_e_gby g_h[oh^bfhih^gylvwlhlihdZaZl_evihf_gvr_cf_j_^hKhdjZlbeZkvqZklhlZ Z[hjlh\ 501. :gZebanbabq_kdh]ha^hjh\vygZk_e_gbyk\b^_l_evkl\m_lhlhfqlhaZihke_^gb_ 10 e_lhghmom^rbehkvwlhdZkZ_lky\k_o\hajZklguo]jmii<wlhli_jbh^hlf_qZehkv _`_]h^gh_m\_ebq_gb_qbkeZbg\Zeb^h\wlhcdZl_]hjbb<]h^m[ueh aZj_]bkljbjh\Zghbg\Zeb^h\\]h^m- 23 \]h^m- 24 \ 1998 ]h^m - 26 <]h^mboqbkeh^hklb]eh qlhkhklZ\ey_l\k_o aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgguo[hevguoKhhlghr_gb_f_`^mbg\Zeb^Zfb-\ajhkeufbb bg\Zeb^Zfb-^_lvfbjZ\ghMjh\_gvihlj_[e_gbyZedh]hey\J_kim[ebd_ Fhe^h\Z\_kvfZ\ukhdkj_^bk_evkdh]hgZk_e_gbybfheh^_`bIhklZlbklbq_kdbf ^ZggufqbkehZedh]hebdh\jZkl_lhkh[_gghkj_^bebpfheh`_e_lKh]eZkgh jZkq_lZffbgbkl_jkl\Za^jZ\hhojZg_gbyijhba\_^_ggufgZhkgh\_^Zgguo<k_fbjghc hj]ZgbaZpbba^jZ\hhojZg_gbybfbgbkl_jkl\Z\gmlj_ggbo^_egZjdhfZgZfb\J_kim[ebd_ Fhe^h\Zij_^iheh`bl_evghy\eyxlky 000-55 q_eh\_dLj_\h`gZykblmZpby keh`beZkv\i_gbl_gpbZjguomqj_`^_gbyo]^_aZ[he_\Z_fhklvlm[_jdme_ahf\jZaZ \ur_q_f\kj_^g_fihkljZg_ 502. GZhkgh\Zgbbj_r_gbyijZ\bl_evkl\Zhlbxey]h^Zh[ml\_j`^_gbb Dhgp_ipbbj_nhjfbjh\Zgbykbkl_fua^jZ\hhojZg_gbygZ-]h^ubijbdZaZ fbgbkl_jkl\Za^jZ\hhojZg_gby hl Z\]mklZ ]h^Zh[we_f_glZjghc f_^bpbgkdhcj_nhjf_[ueZijh\_^_gZj_nhjfZkbkl_fuh[s_cf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsb ij_^hklZ\ey_fhc\jZqZfbrbjhdh]hijhnbeyGZhkgh\Zgbbj_r_gbyijZ\bl_evkl\Zhl 23 bxey ]h^ZhGZpbhgZevghcijh]jZff_jZa\blbykdhjhcf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsb\ J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z[ueZlZd`_j_hj]Zgbah\ZgZkbkl_fZkdhjhcf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsb ij_^hklZ\ey_fhc^hfhf_glZ]hkiblZebaZpbbH^gZdhg_o\ZldZf_^bpbgkdh]h ljZgkihjlZg_^hklZlhqgZyl_ogbq_kdZyhkgZs_gghklvkem`[kdhjhcihfhsbb gZqZ\rZyky\]h^mZ^fbgbkljZlb\gh-l_jjblhjbZevgZyj_hj]ZgbaZpbyijb\_ebd khdjZs_gbxqbkeZ\uah\h\bh]jZgbq_gbx^hklmiZgZk_e_gbydwlhfm\b^mf_^bpbgkdhc ihfhsb<uau\Z_lhiZk_gbyiheh`_gb_kobjmj]bq_kdhcihfhsvx<]h^mqbkeh hi_jZpbcmf_gvrbehkvgZihkjZ\g_gbxkij_^r_kl\mxsbf]h^hfWlhkhdjZs_gb_ [uehh[mkeh\e_ghjZklms_cklhbfhklvxf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsbohlyqbkehobjmj]bq_kdbo aZ[he_\ZgbcjZkl_lbhgbijbh[j_lZxl\k_[he__k_jv_agucoZjZdl_j ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 187 503. Khklhygb_a^hjh\vygZk_e_gbyj_adhmom^rZ_lkyIhkjZ\g_gbxk]h^hf ijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbkhdjZlbeZkv<]h^mhgZkhklZ\eyeZ ]h^Z^ey`_gsbg b]h^Z^eyfm`qbgZkj_^gbcihdZaZl_evjZ\gyekyIhdZaZl_ev ijh^he`bl_evghklb`bagb\Fhe^h\_y\ey_lkyh^gbfbakZfuogbadbo\?\jhi_ 504. <]h^mfbgbkl_jkl\ha^jZ\hhojZg_gbyjZajZ[hlZehkljZl_]bx a^jZ\hhojZg_gbyHgZ[ueZijbgylZijZ\bl_evkl\hf\dZq_kl\_Dhgp_ipbbbkljZl_]bc jZa\blbykbkl_fua^jZ\hhojZg_gbyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZgZ-]h^u 505. GZpbhgZevgZyiheblbdZ\h[eZklba^jZ\hhojZg_gbyhij_^_ey_lijbhjbl_lu kljZl_]bq_kdb_gZijZ\e_gbybijZdlbq_kdb_rZ]bdhhj^bgbjm_fu_bml\_j`^Z_fu_gZ gZpbhgZevghfkm[gZpbhgZevghfbf_klghfmjh\gyo=eZ\gZyp_evaZdexqZ_lky\hojZg_ bih^^_j`Zgbba^hjh\vy]jZ`^Zgb\k_cgZpbbbh[_ki_q_gbb[_kieZlgh]h^hklmiZd f_^bpbgkdbfmkem]Zf 506. Kj_^kl\Z\u^_ey_fu_gZp_eba^jZ\hhojZg_gbykhklZ\eyeb\]h^m<<I \ ]h^m-\]h^m-\]h^m-\]h^m-b\ ]h^m2,9%. 507. Ih^Zgguf>_iZjlZf_glZklZlbklbq_kdh]hbkhpbheh]bq_kdh]hZgZebaZJ_kim[ebdb Fhe^h\ZihdZaZl_ebf_jl\hjh`^_gbcbfeZ^_gq_kdhckf_jlghklbgZ jh`^_gbc y\eyxlkyke_^mxsbfb LZ[ebpZ Dhwnnbpb_gluf_jl\hjh`^Z_fhklbbfeZ^_gq_kdhckf_jlghklb \ k_evkdbob]hjh^kdbojZchgZo =h^ <k_]h Kj_^gbc ihdZaZl_ev \ k_evkdbo jZchgZo 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 19 19,8 18,4 21,5 22,6 21,2 20,2 19,8 17,5 18,2 16,96 17,1 16 19,5 20,9 19,5 18,7 16,8 20,5 20,7 Kj_^gbc ihdZaZl_ev \ ]hjh^kdbo jZchgZo 20,64 21,9 20,3 22,9 23,7 22,3 21,1 21,3 16 16 508. Ijh[e_fZfeZ^_gq_kdhckf_jlghklb\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zklhbl\_kvfZhkljh Qbkehkf_jl_ckj_^b^_l_c\\hajZkl_^hh^gh]h]h^ZkhklZ\ey_l[he__iheh\bgu \ 1999 ]h^m-\k_okemqZ_\kf_jlbkj_^b^_l_cbwlhg_]Zlb\ghkdZau\Z_lkygZ ^_fh]jZnbq_kdboihdZaZl_eyohkh[_gghgZmjh\g_jh`^Z_fhklbkmffZjghf ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 188 dhwnnbpb_gl_jh`^Z_fhklbbh[s_ckf_jlghklb<-]h^Zomjh\_gv feZ^_gq_kdhckf_jlghklb[ue\ur_kj_^g_]h\k_evkdbojZchgZobgb`_-\]hjh^kdbo jZchgZoH^gZdh\-]h^Zoiheh`_gb_baf_gbehkvqlhljm^ghihgylv H[tykgblvwlhfh`ghg_^hklZldZfbkbkl_fuj_]bkljZpbbjh`^_gbcbkf_jl_chkh[_ggh \k_evkdbojZchgZoih^ZggufaZ]h^\aylufbakijZ\hqgbdZH[s_kl\_ggh_ a^jZ\hhojZg_gb_\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z 509. Hkgh\gufbklhqgbdhfiblv_\hc\h^uy\eyxlkydheh^puBfbihevam_lkyhdheh ^\molj_l_cgZk_e_gbyIhjy^dZgZk_e_gbyihemqZxliblv_\mx\h^mbkdexqbl_evgh badheh^p_\ 510. Bkihevah\Zgb_dheh^p_\khijy`_ghkh\k_[hevrbfjbkdhfihlj_[e_gby aZ]jyag_gghc\h^uLhevdh\h^guoj_kmjkh\khhl\_lkl\mxlgZpbhgZevguf klZg^ZjlZfHdhehgZk_e_gbykqblZ_lqlhgbadh_dZq_kl\h\h^uy\ey_lkyh^ghcba ijbqbgjhklZqbkeZaZ[he_\ZgbcWlb^Zggu_\aylubah[ke_^h\Zgby[x^`_lh\^hfZrgbo ohayckl\aZ]h^ LZ[ebpZ H[_ki_q_gghklvgZk_e_gbydhffmgZevgufbmkem]Zfb DhffmgZevgu_ mkem]b =hjh^kdb_ jZchgu DZgZebaZpby K_evkdb_ jZchgu <k_]h >Z 77 1,5 31,8 G_l 23 98,5 68,2 >Z 70,6 0,1 28,3 G_l 29,4 99,9 71,7 >Z 77,4 2,4 32,4 G_l 22,6 97,6 67,5 >Z 73 0,1 29,3 G_l 27 99,9 70,7 <h^hijh\h^ F_klgh_ p_gljZevgh_ hlhie_gb_ <ZggZy beb ^mr Bklhqgbd H[ke_^h\Zgb_ [x^`_lh\ ^hfZrgbo ohayckl\ ]h^ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 189 LZ[ebpZ IhdZaZl_ev\ZdpbgZpbbkj_^b^_l_c\ <ZdpbgZpby ijhlb\ Lm[_jdme_aZ <hajZkl gh\hjh`^_gguc ^g_c 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 97,3 98,4 99,4 99,3 98,5 >bnl_jbb f_kyp_\ 97 97,7 98 97,4 97,4 DhdexrZ f_kyp_\ 95,5 98,2 97,1 96,9 97 Ihebhfb_eblZ f_kyp_\ 97,1 98,6 98,4 97,6 98,2 f_kypZ 98 98,4 98,9 99,2 98,8 Dhjb 511. F_^bpbgkdZyihfhsvij_^hklZ\ey_lky^\mfyk_dlhjZfb i) k_dlhjhfijhnbeZdlbq_kdhcf_^bpbgu ii) k_dlhjhfklZpbhgZjgh]he_q_gby 512. IjhnbeZdlbq_kdb_f_^bpbgkdb_mkem]b\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zij_^hklZ\eyxlky 473 klZpbhgZjgufbmqj_`^_gbyfb lZdbomqj_`^_gbcgZoh^ylky\\_^_gbb fbgbkl_jkl\Za^jZ\hhojZg_gby-^jm]bofbgbkl_jkl\b\_^hfkl\ZijbgZ^e_`Zl qZklguf\eZ^_evpZf 513. <]h^mqbkeh\jZq_ckhdjZlbehkvgZq_eh\_d\ke_^kl\b_q_]hgZdZ`^u_ `bl_e_cijboh^blky\jZqZ\e_q_[gh-ijhnbeZdlbq_kdbomqj_`^_gbyo28,4 \jZqZ\]h^m-\]hjh^kdbojZchgZo-\]h^m-\k_evkdbo jZchgZo-\]h^m- 7,7). LZ[ebpZ >_lkdh_f_^bpbgkdh_kljZoh\Zgb_ Qbkeh i_^bZljh\ gZ ^_l_c \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l Qbkeh dh_d \ [hevgbpZo gZ ^_l_c \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l Qbkeh ]hkiblZebabjh\Zgguo ^_l_c luk q_e gZ ^_l_c \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l 1990 2 154 17,7 11 398 93,7 235,9 1 939 1995 1 986 17,4 9 503 83,2 202,2 1 770 1996 1 944 17,5 9 322 83,7 172,6 1 551 1997 1 826 17,5 8 839 81,8 177,4 6 41 1998 1 669 16,0 8 534 81,1 165,2 1 583 514. AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h\h[eZklba^jZ\hhojZg_gby[uehmkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zghqlh iha\hebehih\ukblvwnn_dlb\ghklvf_^bpbgkdh]hh[kem`b\Zgby 1999 1 344 13,5 5 985 60,0 133,2 1 337 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 190 515. IjZ\hgZhojZgma^hjh\vy\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZaZdj_ie_gh\klZlv_ DhgklblmpbbAZdhghfhfbgbfmf_[_kieZlghcf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsbhln_\jZey 1999 ]h^Z\gZpbhgZevgmxkbkl_fma^jZ\hhojZg_gby[ueb\g_k_gubaf_g_gby < khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_cwlh]haZdhgZ]ZjZglbjh\Zggucfbgbfmfh[_ki_qb\Z_lky\k_f ]jZ`^ZgZfJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z<qj_a\uqZcguoh[klhyl_evkl\ZolZdZyihfhsvfh`_l lZd`_[ulvhdZaZgZbghkljZgpZfbebpZf[_a]jZ`^Zgkl\Z 516. <]h^m[uebjZajZ[hlZguke_^mxsb_gZpbhgZevgu_ijh]jZffu GZpbhgZevgZyijh]jZffZ[hjv[ukjZdh\ufbaZ[he_\ZgbyfbgZ-2003 ]h^u WlZijh]jZffZhljZ`Z_lijh\h^bfmxJ_kim[ebdhcFhe^h\Ziheblbdmih [_kieZlghcijhnbeZdlbd_be_q_gbxjZdh\uoaZ[he_\Zgbc GZpbhgZevgZyijh]jZffZihieZgbjh\Zgbxk_fvbbj_ijh^mdlb\ghfma^hjh\vxgZ 1999-]h^u GZpbhgZevgZyijh]jZffZjZa\blbyijhnbeZdlbq_kdhcf_^bpbgugZ-]h^u GZpbhgZevgZyijh]jZffZijhnbeZdlbdbbe_q_gbyk_j^_qgh-khkm^bkluo aZ[he_\ZgbcgZ-]h^u GZpbhgZevgZyijh]jZffZ[hjv[uk]_iZlblhf:Kb' GZpbhgZevgZyijh]jZffZijhnbeZdlbdbbe_q_gbylm[_jdme_aZ [uebijbgyluf_juih[hjv[_khKIB>hfb\_g_jbq_kdbfbaZ[he_\Zgbyfb 517. <khhl\_lkl\bbkh[ke_^h\Zgb_fijh\_^_gguf<k_fbjguf[Zgdhf\ ]h^m^ey wnn_dlb\ghcj_hj]ZgbaZpbbkbkl_fuf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsb\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z g_h[oh^bfhijbgylvke_^mxsb_f_ju Z j_hj]Zgbah\Zlvkbkl_fmf_^bpbgkdh]hh[kem`b\Zgbykl_fqlh[ui_j_\_klb j_kmjkubak_dlhjZlj_lbqgh]hf_^bpbgkdh]hh[kem`b\Zgby\k_dlhjijhnbeZdlbq_kdhc f_^bpbgu b) mdj_iblvkbkl_fmi_j\bqghcf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsb\u^_eb\nbgZgkh\u_ j_kmjkugZkha^Zgb_wnn_dlb\ghck_lbh[t_^bgyxs_c\jZq_crbjhdh]hijhnbey ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 191 k e_]Zebah\Zlvg_aZdhggu_ieZl_`bkl_fqlh[uba[_`Zlvg_h[oh^bfhklb hieZqb\Zlvg_gm`gu_bebebrgb_f_^bpbgkdb_mkem]by\eyxsb_ky^hjh]hklhysbfb^ey khpbZevghmya\bfuo]jmiigZk_e_gby d) hij_^_eblvgh\uciZd_lf_^bpbgkdbomkem]khhl\_lkl\mxsbc[x^`_lguf j_kmjkZfm^_eb\ijbwlhfi_j\hhq_j_^gh_\gbfZgb_i_j\bqghfmf_^bdh-kZgblZjghfm h[kem`b\Zgbx _ p_gljZebah\ZlvnbgZgkh\mxihfhsv\p_eyomemqr_gbyjZkij_^_e_gby j_kmjkh\f_`^mk_dlhjZfb 518. <klZlv_ AZdhgZh[hojZg_a^hjh\vyhl fZjlZ ]h^Zhij_^_ey_lkyijbgpbi kha^ZgbybkhojZg_gby[eZ]hijbylguo]b]b_gbq_kdbomkeh\bc`bagbbljm^Z>hey aZgyluogZ\j_^guoijhba\h^kl\ZobjZ[hlZxsbo\g_[eZ]hijbylguomkeh\byodhlhju_ i_jbh^bq_kdbijhoh^ylf_^bpbgkdb_hkfhlju\hajhkeZk\ ]h^m^hijbf_jgh \ ]h^mijbwlhf\k_evkdhfohayckl\_hgZkgbabeZkvk\ ]h^m^h 70,5%. 519. <khhl\_lkl\bbkAZdhghfhkZgblZjgh-wib^_fbheh]bq_kdhch[_ki_q_gbbgZk_e_gby hl bxgy ]h^Z[ueZkha^ZgZkbkl_fZkZgblZjgh-wib^_fbheh]bq_kdh]hh[_ki_q_gby GZhkgh\ZgbbAZdhgZ[uehjZajZ[hlZghIheh`_gb_h]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfkZgblZjghwib^_fbheh]bq_kdhfgZ^ahj_\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zhl fZy ]h^Zdhlhjh_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l ij_l\hj_gb_\`bagvijhnbeZdlbq_kdbobijhlb\hwib^_fbq_kdbof_jhijbylbc jZkrbj_gb_bffmgbaZpbbgZk_e_gbyijhlb\hij_^_e_gguobgn_dpbhgguo aZ[he_\Zgbc h[_ki_q_gb_[_ahiZkghklbibs_\h]hh[hjhlZ ihegh_h[t_dlb\gh_b^hklh\_jgh_bgnhjfbjh\Zgb_h[hkgh\guonZdlhjZo hij_^_eyxsbokZgblZjgh-wib^_fbheh]bq_kdmxh[klZgh\dm\kljZg_ 520. < ]h^mijh^he`Zehmom^rZlvkydZq_kl\hiblv_\hc\h^uLZd kZgblZjgh-obfbq_kdb_ihdZaZl_eb]jmglh\uo\h^\ujhkeb^hGZbom^r__ iheh`_gb_[uehaZj_]bkljbjh\Zgh\jZchg_Mg]_gu:LH=Z]ZmabyjZchg_ LZjZdebybjZchgZoJu[gbpubKeh[h^a_ggZe_\hf[_j_]m>g_kljZ< 1999 ]h^m [uehaZij_s_ghkljhbl_evkl\ha^Zgbcg_khhl\_lkl\mxsbokZgblZjgufghjfZf<lhf ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 192 `_]h^m[ueZaZij_s_gZwdkiemZlZpbyba a^Zgbcihijbqbg_boagZqbl_evgh]h g_khhl\_lkl\bykZgblZjgufghjfZf<^\mokemqZyo -\jZchg_;_evpubjZchg_ Dbrbg_\ -[uehij_djZs_ghkljhbl_evkl\ha^Zgbcihkdhevdmhgb\ha\h^bebkvk gZjmr_gb_f]b]b_gbq_kdbolj_[h\Zgbc 521. >_ckl\mxsb_gZhkgh\_\ur_mihfygmlh]hiheh`_gbymiheghfhq_ggu_hj]Zgu ijbgbfZxlf_juihijhnbeZdlbd_e_q_gbxb[hjv[_kwib^_fbq_kdbfbwg^_fbq_kdbfb b^jm]bfbaZ[he_\ZgbyfbFbgbkl_jkl\ha^jZ\hhojZg_gbyJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z ijh\h^blgZmqgu_bkke_^h\Zgby\kZgblZjgh-wib^_fbheh]bq_kdhch[eZklbhkms_kl\ey_l gZ^ahjaZj_ZebaZpb_cgZpbhgZevghcijh]jZffuhdZaZgbykZgblZjgh-wib^_fbheh]bq_kdhc ihfhsbgZk_e_gbxbbkihevah\Zgb_fgZmqgh-l_ogbq_kdbo^hklb`_gbc\h[eZklb ijhnbeZdlbdbaZ[he_\ZgbcjZajZ[Zlu\Z_l]hkm^Zjkl\_ggmxiheblbdm\kn_j_ bffmgheh]bq_kdhcijhnbeZdlbdbhj]Zgbam_lijhba\h^kl\hbijbh[j_l_gb_\Zdpbgkhe_c b[Zdl_jbheh]bq_kdboij_iZjZlh\\^bZ]ghklbq_kdbobe_q_[guop_eyohkms_kl\ey_l dhgljhevdZq_kl\Zbli 522. Hkms_kl\e_gb_wib^_fbheh]bq_kdh]hgZ^ahjZij_^mkfZljb\Z_lkylZd`_ ihklZgh\e_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Zhl fZjlZ ]h^Zhkbkl_f_ij_^mij_`^_gbyh[f_gZ bgnhjfZpb_cdeZkkbnbdZpbbqj_a\uqZcguokblmZpbcijbjh^gh]hbl_ogh]_ggh]h oZjZdl_jZbih\ur_gbbmjh\gy\f_rZl_evkl\Zhj]Zgh\im[ebqgh]hmijZ\e_gbyWlh ihklZgh\e_gb_ijh\h^blky\`bagviml_fmklZgh\e_gbybmkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgby eZ[hjZlhjgh]hdhgljheybk_jlbnbdZpbbkujvyijh^mdlh\iblZgbybiblv_\hc\h^u 523. AZdhgh[h[yaZl_evghff_^bpbgkdhfkljZoh\Zgbbhl n_\jZey ]h^Z ]ZjZglbjm_lf_^bpbgkdh_h[kem`b\Zgb_jZ[hlgbdh\\kemqZ_mljZluljm^hkihkh[ghklb bebbg\Zeb^ghklb\ke_^kl\b_ijhba\h^kl\_gghcljZ\fuE_q_gb_hieZqb\Z_lky ij_^ijbylb_fjZ[hlgbdZ 524. <k\yabkly`_eufwdhghfbq_kdbfiheh`_gb_fihgbablvp_gugZf_^bdZf_glu^ey ih`beuoebpg_ij_^klZ\ey_lky\hafh`gufI_gkbyg_fh`_lihdjulvjZkoh^ugZ f_^bpbgkdb_mkem]bhdZaZgb_dhlhjuog_ij_^mkfhlj_ghAZdhghfhfbgbfmf_ [_kieZlghcf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsb< khhl\_lkl\bbkAZdhghfh[hojZg_a^hjh\vy ]hkm^Zjkl\hhdZau\Z_lf_^bdh-khpbZevgmxihfhsvij_klZj_eufgZhkgh\_jy^Z dhfie_dkguoijh]jZff ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 193 525. H^gbfba]eZ\guogZijZ\e_gbcgZpbhgZevghciheblbdb\h[eZklba^jZ\hhojZg_gby y\ey_lkyij_^hklZ\e_gb_dhgkmevlZpbcbmqZklb_h[s_kl\Z\f_jhijbylbyoihhojZg_ a^hjh\vyH[yaZgghklvfbgbkl_jkl\Za^jZ\hhojZg_gbykh^_ckl\h\ZlvkZgblZjghfm ijhk\_s_gbxgZk_e_gbyaZdj_ie_gZ\klZlv_ AZdhgZh[hojZg_a^hjh\vyIjbgpbi hl\_lkl\_gghklbdZ`^h]haZk\h_kh[kl\_ggh_a^hjh\v_lZd`_aZdj_ie_gaZdhgh^Zl_evgh 526. <GZpbhgZevghckljZl_]bbmklhcqb\h]hjZa\blbygZihke_^mxsb_ e_lijbgylhc gZhkgh\_Jbh-^_-@Zg_cjkdhc^_deZjZpbbhij_^_e_guke_^mxsb_p_ebd^hklb`_gbx dhlhjuo^he`gZklj_fblvkyJ_kim[ebdZFhe^h\Z Z aZdj_iblvhkgh\hiheZ]Zxs__ijZ\hdZ`^h]hgZa^hjh\v_bkijZ\_^eb\uc ^hklmidf_^bpbgkdhfmh[kem`b\Zgbx b) m\_ebqblvijh^he`bl_evghklv`bagbgZh^bg-^\Z]h^Z k ih\ukblvdZq_kl\h`bagbkgbablvaZ[he_\Z_fhklvbk^_eZlvkbkl_fm a^jZ\hhojZg_gby[he__wnn_dlb\ghc 527. G_h[oh^bfhijbgylvke_^mxsb_f_ju Z mkdhjblvijh\_^_gb_j_nhjf\h[eZklba^jZ\hhojZg_gbyb^_p_gljZebabjh\Zlv fh[bebaZpbxbbkihevah\Zgb_kj_^kl\ b) memqrblvijhnbeZdlbq_kdh_f_^bpbgkdh_h[kem`b\Zgb_dhlhjh_dZd ba\_klghkqblZ_lkygZb[he__wnn_dlb\ghcbkZfhc^_r_\hcnhjfhchojZgua^hjh\vy k m\_ebqblvh[t_fnbgZgkbjh\Zgbykem`[ijhnbeZdlbdbbj_Z[beblZpbb d) ijh\_klbj_nhjfm\lhjbqgh]hblj_lbqgh]hk_dlhjh\a^jZ\hhojZg_gby _ jZkrbjblvkn_jmqZklguof_^bpbgkdbomkem] f) j_rblvijh[e_fuk\yaZggu_kk_j^_qgh-khkm^bklufbhgdheh]bq_kdbfbb ]_iZlblgufbaZ[he_\Zgbyfb g) ih\ukblvdhwnnbpb_gl\u`b\Z_fhklbaZkq_lkgb`_gbyfeZ^_gq_kdhcb fZl_jbgkdhckf_jlghklb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 194 h) ijhiZ]Zg^bjh\Zlva^hjh\uch[jZa`bagbbjZpbhgZevgh_iblZgb_\ ijhnbeZdlbq_kdbomqj_`^_gbyordheZobkj_^kl\ZofZkkh\hcbgnhjfZpbb i) ijh\_klbj_nhjfmf_^bpbgkdh]hh[jZah\Zgbykmq_lhfj_hj]ZgbaZpbbkbkl_fu a^jZ\hhojZg_gby KlZlvy KljmdlmjZbp_ebkbkl_fuh[jZah\Zgby 528. GZhkgh\ZgbbAZdhgZh[h[jZah\Zgbb]hkm^Zjkl\h]ZjZglbjm_lijZ\hgZh[jZah\Zgb_ g_aZ\bkbfhhlgZpbhgZevghklbiheZ\hajZklZijhbkoh`^_gbykhpbZevgh]hiheh`_gby iheblbq_kdbom[_`^_gbcj_eb]bbbebij_`g_ckm^bfhklb 529. IjZ\hj_[_gdZgZh[jZah\Zgb_aZdj_ie_gh\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZAZdhghfhijZ\Zo j_[_gdZbAZdhghfh[h[jZah\ZgbbWlhijZ\hbf__lke_^mxsb_ljbnhjfu Z ijZ\hdZ`^h]hj_[_gdZgZ[_kieZlgh_h[jZah\Zgb_\h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo rdheZoijhn_kkbhgZevgh-l_ogbq_kdbomqbebsZokj_^gbordheZodhee_^`Zobeb\maZo \khhl\_lkl\bbkaZdhghf b) ijZ\hj_[_gdZbf_xs_]hnbabq_kdmxbg\Zeb^ghklvihemqblvh[jZah\Zgb_\ ki_pbZevghcrdhe_ k ijZ\h^_l_c-kbjhlb^_l_cebr_gguojh^bl_evkdhchi_dbgZh[mq_gb_b [_kieZlgh_kh^_j`Zgb_\h\k_omq_[guoaZ\_^_gbyo 530. Kh]eZkghklZlv_AZdhgZh[h[jZah\Zgbbkbkl_fZh[jZah\Zgbyhj]Zgbah\ZgZih mjh\gyfbklmi_gyfbbf__lke_^mxsmxkljmdlmjm ^hrdhevgh_h[jZah\Zgb_ gZqZevgh_h[jZah\Zgb_ kj_^g__h[jZah\Zgb_ Z h[s__kj_^g__h[jZah\Zgb_ i) ]bfgZabq_kdh_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 195 ii) b) ebp_ckdh_kj_^gyyh[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgZyrdheZ kj_^g__ijhn_kkbhgZevgh_h[jZah\Zgb_ \ukr__h[jZah\Zgb_ Z kkhdjZs_ggufkjhdhfh[mq_gbydhee_^`b b) mgb\_jkbl_lkdh_h[jZah\Zgb_ 531. P_ev^hrdhevgh]hh[jZah\Zgbykhklhbl\kha^Zgbbmkeh\bc^eyjZa\blbyj_[_gdZ\ gZpbhgZevghckj_^_gZhkgh\__kl_kl\_gguoq_eh\_q_kdbop_gghkl_cbgZpbhgZevghc ^moh\ghklbjZa\blb_k\h[h^ghcbl\hjq_kdhcebqghklbiml_fnhjfbjh\ZgbykhagZgby j_[_gdZIjbgpbih[mq_gbyaZdexqZ_lky\bg^b\b^mZevghfb^bnn_j_gpbjh\Zgghf ih^oh^_d^_lyf<k\yabkwlbfbkdexqbl_evgh\Z`gh_agZq_gb_ijb^Z_lky klbfmebjh\ZgbxjZa\blbxbj_ZebaZpbbikbohnbabheh]bq_kdh]hbbgl_ee_dlmZevgh]h ihl_gpbZeZdZ`^h]hj_[_gdZ 532. >hrdhevgh_h[jZah\Zgb_y\ey_lkyi_j\hcklmi_gvxkbkl_fuh[mq_gbyb_]hp_ev khklhbl\ih^]hlh\d_^_l_cdmq_[_>_lb^hlj_oe_lihemqZxl^hrdhevgh_h[jZah\Zgb_ dZdijZ\beh\k_fv_Z^_lb\\hajZkl_hl^he_l-\^hrdhevguomqj_`^_gbyo 533. <ihke_^gb_g_kdhevdhe_lkbkl_fZ^hrdhevgh]hh[jZah\ZgbygZoh^blky\ khklhygbbihklhyggh]hmiZ^dZDgZqZemmq_[gh]h]h^Z\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z[ueh hldjulh^hrdhevguomqj_`^_gbc^ey^_l_cbebhlh[s_]hqbkeZ ^_l_c^hrdhevgh]h\hajZklZHdheh ^_lkdbokZ^h\\j_f_gghg_ nmgdpbhgbjmxlZaZdju\ZxlkygZoheh^gh_\j_fy]h^Z 534. Ijh[e_fZaZdjulbybebd\b^Zpbb^_lkdbokZ^h\dhkgmeZkv^hrdhevguomqj_`^_gbc bkdexqbl_evgh\k_evkdbojZchgZoJZaaZdju\rbkvhgbhklZxlky[_kohagufbbo hldexqZxlhll_ogbq_kdbodhffmgbdZpbchgb\_lrZxlbjZajmrZxlkyKms_kl\mxsb_ \[hevrbgkl\_jZchgguo^hrdhevguomqj_`^_gbcmkeh\byg_evaygZa\Zlvohjhrbfb J_fhglhfa^Zgbcijboh^blkyaZgbfZlvkyi_^Z]h]Zfbjh^bl_eyfHq_gvkdhjh\ky fZl_jbZevgZybgnjZkljmdlmjZ^hrdhevguomqj_`^_gbcjZa\Zeblkyihkdhevdmg_ ijh\h^ylkygbl_ogbq_kdb_gbijhnbeZdlbq_kdb_jZ[hlu<oheh^gh_\j_fy]h^Z^_lkdb_ kZ^ukgZ[`Zxlkylhieb\hfghbohldexqZxlhlkbkl_fuwg_j]hkgZ[`_gby ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 196 535. >jm]hcijh[e_fghch[eZklvxy\ey_lkyiblZgb_<k\yabk^_nbpblhfijh^mdlh\ iblZgbyhlkmlkl\b_fnbgZgkh\uokj_^kl\gZboijbh[j_l_gb_bjZklmsbfbp_gZfb^_lb g_\k_]^ZihemqZxlg_h[oh^bfh_^eyghjfZevgh]hjhklZbjZa\blbydhebq_kl\hdZehjbc Wlhg_ba[_`gh\_^_ldgZjmr_gbxh[f_gZ\_s_kl\qlh\k\hxhq_j_^vkem`blijbqbghc \blZfbgghcg_^hklZlhqghklbZg_fbbihy\e_gbyya\u`_em^dZbikbobq_kdh]hb nbabq_kdh]hbklhs_gby 536. ?s_h^ghck_jv_aghcijh[e_fhcy\ey_lkykgZ[`_gb_^b^Zdlbq_kdbfbfZl_jbZeZfb I_j_[hb\wlhch[eZklb[ehdbjmxlkbkl_fmh[jZah\Zgby<gZklhys__\j_fykbkl_fZ h[jZah\Zgbybkiulu\Z_lgZklhyl_evgmxihlj_[ghklv\jZajZ[hld_mq_[guoijh]jZffgZ hkgh\_kh\j_f_gguof_lh^bd 537. <k\yabkl_fqlhiheh\bgZ^_l_c^hrdhevgh]h\hajZklZg_ho\Zq_gZ hj]Zgbah\Zgghckbkl_fhch[jZah\Zgby\hagbdZ_lg_h[oh^bfhklvijbgylvf_juih i_j_^Zq_i_^Z]h]bq_kdboagZgbcjh^bl_eyf LZ[ebpZ Iheh`_gb_\h[eZklb^hrdhevgh]hh[jZah\Zgby 1992 Qbkeh ihklhyggh ^_ckl\mxsbo ^hrdhevguo mqj_`^_gbc Qbkeh f_kl \ ^hrdhevguo mqj_`^_gbyo luk Qbkeh ^_l_c ihk_sZxsbo ihklhyggh ^_ckl\mxsb_ ^hrdhevgu_ mqj_`^_gby luk I_^Z]h]bq_kdbc khklZ\ luk q_e >hey ^_l_c ihk_sZxsbo ihklhyggh ^_ckl\mxsb_ ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_ mqj_`^_gby % hl \k_o ^_l_c ^Zggh]h \hajZklZ - e_l Ihklhyggh ^_ckl\mxsb_ ^hrdhevgu_ mqj_`^_gby gZ b [he__ f_kl Qbkeh ^_l_c gZ h^gh]h i_^Z]h]Z ]h^ 1993 ]h^ 1994 ]h^ 1995 ]h^ 1996 ]h^ 1997 ]h^ 1998 ]h^ 1999 ]h^ 1 940 1 877 1 774 1 680 1 596 1 497 1 399 1 201 218 217 206 194 183 177 167 152 213,8 202,3 182,5 161,3 146,9 138,8 126,0 101,0 22,8 55 21,8 51 19,6 46 17,6 45 15,0 43 14,7 43 13,2 40 9,8 33 98 93 89 83 80 78 76 66 9 9 9 9 10 9 10 10 Bklhqgbd >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ 538. H[s__kj_^g__h[jZah\Zgb_\dexqZ_l\k_[ygZqZevgh_h[jZah\Zgb_I-IV deZkku ]bfgZabq_kdh_h[jZah\Zgb_V-IXdeZkkubebp_ckdh_h[jZah\Zgb_O-O,, deZkku 539. GZqZevgh_b]bfgZabq_kdh_h[jZah\Zgb_y\ey_lkyh[yaZl_evguf Ijh^he`bl_evghklvh[yaZl_evgh]hh[s_]hh[jZah\ZgbykhklZ\ey_l^_\ylve_lRdhem gZ^e_`blihk_sZlv\h[yaZl_evghfihjy^d_^hdhgpZmq_[gh]h]h^Z\dhlhjhfmqZs_fmky bkihegy_lkye_l ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 197 540. k_gly[jy]h^Zh[mq_gb_gZgZqZevghfwlZi_h[jZah\ZgbyklZehijh\h^blvky ihgh\hcrdhevghcijh]jZff_jZajZ[hlZgghc\khhl\_lkl\bbkgh\ufbmq_[gufb lj_[h\Zgbyfb;uebkhklZ\e_gubba^Zgugh\u_mq_[gbdb 541. IhkjZ\g_gbxk^jm]bfbklmi_gyfb\h[eZklbh[jZah\ZgbygZqZevgu_rdheu ihevamxlkyijbhjbl_lhf\lhfqlhdZkZ_lkyba^Zgby^b^Zdlbq_kdbofZl_jbZeh\ k\yaZgguokhkms_kl\e_gb_fgh\hcmq_[ghcijh]jZffuH^gZdhg_o\ZldZnbgZgkh\uo kj_^kl\g_iha\hey_lkh[ex^ZlvmklZgh\e_ggu_kjhdbim[ebdZpbbbjZkij_^_e_gby fZl_jbZeh\<kbeml_o`_ijbqbgijbrehkv\\_klbieZlmihegmxbebqZklbqgmxaZ mq_[gbdbqlhg_fh]ehg_kdZaZlvkygZ[x^`_l_k_f_ckh]jZgbq_ggufbfZl_jbZevgufb \hafh`ghklyfb 542. I_j_kfhljmq_[guoieZgh\iha\hebekhdjZlblvh[t_ffZl_jbZeZih^e_`Zs_]h mk\h_gbxmq_gbdZfbbhj]Zgbah\Zlvmq_[gucijhp_kkgZ[Za_iylb^g_\ghcg_^_eb 543. <p_eyohilbfbaZpbbk_lb^hrdhevguobgZqZevguoh[jZah\Zl_evguoaZ\_^_gbc [uekha^Zggh\uclbidhf[bgbjh\Zggh]hmq_[gh]haZ\_^_gby?kebj_hj]ZgbaZpby mq_[gh]hijhp_kkZ\jy^_hlghr_gbchdZaZeZkv[eZ]hijbylghc^eymqZsbokylh g_j_r_ggZyijh[e_fZk\yaZggZykg_h[oh^bfhklvxkha^ZgbyghjfZevguomkeh\bc^ey h[jZah\Zl_evghc^_yl_evghklbk\h^blgZg_l\hafh`ghklv^hklb`_gbyihablb\guo j_amevlZlh\ 544. <khhl\_lkl\bbkh[jZah\Zl_evgufbp_eyfb\rdhevguoijh]jZffZohljZ`_gu lZd`_dexq_\u_p_gghklbdZd klj_fe_gb_d^_fhdjZlbb m\Z`_gb_ijZ\q_eh\_dZ\lhfqbke_^_l_c khojZg_gb_wdheh]bq_kdh]hjZ\gh\_kby l_jibfhklvbfbj m\Z`_gb_dmevlmjguoljZ^bpbcbl^ 545. GZwlZi_]bfgZabq_kdh]hh[jZah\Zgbywlbp_gghklbjZkkfZljb\Zxlky\h\k_fbjghbklhjbq_kdhfZki_dl_klhqdbaj_gby]hkm^Zjkl\_gghciheblbdbbiheblbq_kdbob khpbZevguoijh]jZffjZaebqguoaZiZ^guokljZgDhg\_gpbyhijZ\Zoj_[_gdZbamqZ_lky hl^_evgh\jZfdZol_fu;jZdbk_fvy ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 198 546. Kj_^g__h[jZah\Zgb_h[_ki_qb\Z_lnmg^Zf_glZevgmxl_hj_lbq_kdmxih^]hlh\dmb h[s__\hkiblZgb_^eyijh^he`_gbyh[jZah\Zgby\<MA_bebijhn_kkbhgZevghl_ogbq_kdhfmqbebs_IhaZ\_jr_gbbh[mq_gby\kj_^g_crdhe_\uimkdgbdbk^Zxl wdaZf_gugZkl_i_gv[ZdZeZ\jZM\Z`_gb_dh[s_q_eh\_q_kdbfp_gghklyfgZwlhfwlZi_ ijb\b\Z_lkyihkj_^kl\hfbamq_gbylZdboij_^f_lh\dZdbklhjbynbehkhnbywdhghfbdZ bjmfugkdZyebl_jZlmjZ<khljm^gbq_kl\_kH[s_kl\hfihh[mq_gbxbijhk\_s_gbx\ h[eZklbijZ\q_eh\_dZ^eyklZjrbodeZkkh\kj_^g_crdheujZajZ[hlZgZijh]jZffZ ]jZ`^Zgkdh]h\hkiblZgbyHkgh\ghcmihj\wlhcijh]jZff_k^_eZggZbamq_gb_ f_`^mgZjh^guo^hdmf_glh\\h[eZklbijZ\q_eh\_dZbj_[_gdZ 547. QlhdZkZ_lkyihk_s_gbyrdheu^_lvfb\\hajZkl_-e_llhmklZgh\e_ghqlhih khklhygbxgZ^_dZ[jv]h^Zg_ihk_sZehrdhem\J_kim[ebd_ 377 ^_l_cIh kjZ\g_gbxkk_gly[j_f]h^ZqbkehlZdbo^_l_ckhdjZlbehkvgZq_eh\_dBa h[s_]hqbkeZ^_l_cg_ihk_sZxsbordhem 080 (24,7%) -wlh^_lbgZqZevgh]h rdhevgh]h\hajZklZHkgh\gufbijbqbgZfbg_ihk_s_gbyy\eyxlkyg_`_eZgb_jh^bl_e_c bfZl_jbZevgh_iheh`_gb_fgh]bok_f_c>_lbbak_f_ckgbadbffZl_jbZevguf ^hklZldhf\ugm`^_gukZfbaZjZ[Zlu\Zlvk_[_gZ`bagvihdZaZl_evihk_sZ_fhklb rdheuiZ^Z_l 548. H[jZah\ZgbxbjZa\blbxebqghklb^_l_cij_iylkl\mxllZdb_k_jv_agu_ijh[e_fu dZdg_o\ZldZlhieb\Zhldexq_gb_we_dljhwg_j]bbiehoh_iblZgb_h[\_lrZgb_rdhevghc f_[_ebbh]jZgbq_ggu_fZl_jbZevgu_\hafh`ghklb LZ[ebpZ =hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_jZkoh^ugZh[jZah\Zgb_ >hrdhevgu_ mqj_`^_gby ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ GZqZevgu_ rdheu h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ rdheu kj_^gb_ rdheu rdheu g_ihegh]h pbdeZ h[mq_gby ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ <_q_jgb_ h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ rdheu ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ Kj_^g__ ?`_]h^gu_ Kj_^g_]h^h\u_ jZkoh^u Kj_^g__ qbkeh ^_l_c jZkoh^u aZ ]h^ gZ ^mrm gZk_e_gby qbkeh aZ\_^_gbc luk q_e luk e__\ luk e__\ 1 596 1 497 1 399 1 201 146,9 138,8 126,0 101,0 192 812,1 198 753,4 139 254,4 1 640,5 1 713,5 1 137,1 1 530 1 536 1 549 1 558 649,5 652,7 650,7 643,1 353 337,1 384 950,0 314 339,8 358,9 605,5 492,0 10 9 7 7 2,9 2,7 2,5 2,1 1 236,9 1 107,5 1 010,0 418,4 389,1 346,4 ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 199 H[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ rdheubgl_jgZlu ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ Ijhn_kkbhgZevgh-l_ogbq_kdb_ mqbebsZ ]h^ ]h^ Fgh]hijhnbevgu_ ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_ mqbebsZ ]h^ ]h^ J_f_ke_ggu_ mqbebsZ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ Kj_^gb_ ki_pbZevgu_ mq_[gu_ aZ\_^_gby ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ Dhee_^`b ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ <ukrb_ mq_[gu_ aZ\_^_gby ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ >_lkdb_ ^hfZ k_f_cgh]h lbiZ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ >_lkdb_ ^hfZ j_kim[ebdZgkdh]h agZq_gby 1996 1997 1998 Kj_^g__ ?`_]h^gu_ Kj_^g_]h^h\u_ jZkoh^u Kj_^g__ qbkeh ^_l_c jZkoh^u aZ ]h^ gZ ^mrm gZk_e_gby qbkeh luk e__\ aZ\_^_gbc luk q_e luk e__\ 20 21 16 7 426 7 655 6 514 22 333,0 23 433,0 21 964,1 3 007,0 3 061,1 3 371,8 68 68 30 498 28 860 48 308,8 57 079,5 1 588,7 1 977,8 52 52 26,3 18,0 46 707,0 1 922,3 4 4 35 29 612 611 6,2 5,0 988,0 1 675,0 9 475,0 1 614,4 2 741,0 2 079,3 81 80 87 81 34,0 32,7 32,5 23,0 51 53 56 57 33,3 32,8 29,7 25,4 37 850,1 47 699,9 37 518,3 1 376,6 1 935,1 1 651,4 24 28 38 43 58,3 65,6 72,7 77,3 65 406,1 72 803,1 65 031,8 2 050,7 1 944,1 2 126,3 35 34 34 207 198 196 252,2 294,6 265,0 1 218,4 1 487,9 1 352,0 3 3 3 214 201 188 784,9 1 184,6 1 250,0 3 847,5 5 561,5 5 868,5 Bklhqgbd >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ 549. 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P_evx\ukr_]hh[jZah\Zgby- nhjfbjh\Zgb_jZa\blhcl\hjq_kdhcebqghklb ih^]hlh\dZih\ur_gb_d\ZebnbdZpbbbi_j_ih^]hlh\dZgZ\ukr_fmjh\g_ki_pbZebklh\ \jZaebqguoh[eZklyo<kbkl_fm\ukr_]hh[jZah\Zgby\oh^yldhee_^`bbgklblmlu mgb\_jkbl_lubZdZ^_fbbIjb_f\\ukrb_mq_[gu_aZ\_^_gbyhkms_kl\ey_lkygZ dhgdmjkghchkgh\_ihkj_^kl\hfijh\_^_gbywdaZf_gh\^eyebpbf_xsbo^biehfu [ZdZeZ\jZbZll_klZlhkj_^g_fh[jZah\ZgbbIjh^he`bl_evghklvh[mq_gby\dhee_^`Zo khklZ\ey_l-]h^ZZ\mgb\_jkbl_lZo- 4-e_l 551. <\ukrbomq_[guoaZ\_^_gbyoh[mqZ_lkyihjy^dZ 000 klm^_glh\Z\ 47 dhee_^`Zo- 32 300 klm^_glh\Hdhehq_eh\_dh[mqZ_lkyaZ]jZgbp_cJ_kim[ebdb 552. <ihke_^gb_]h^ugZ[ex^Z_lkyl_g^_gpbydjhklmqbkeZmqZsbokydZd\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguolZdb\qZklguoaZ\_^_gbyo<]h^mgZkqblu\Zehkv\h[s_c keh`ghklb 201 ^hrdhevgh_mqj_`^_gb_^_l_cbebrdhe]bfgZabc bebp__\ mqZsboky\ukrbomq_[guoaZ\_^_gbydhee_^`_cb 81 j_f_ke_ggh_mqbebs_ 553. <]h^mh[t_fZkkb]gh\ZgbcgZh[jZah\Zgb_khklZ\befege__\beb kf_lu[x^`_lZgZh[jZah\Zgb_\lhfqbke_fege__\ba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h [x^`_lZbfege__\ba[x^`_lh\Z^fbgbkljZlb\gh-l_jjblhjbZevguo _^bgbp<]h^m[ueb\u^_e_gukj_^kl\Zihdju\rb_ebrv\k_ojZkoh^h\gZ h[jZah\Zgb_<\b^mkhdjZs_gby[x^`_lguoZkkb]gh\Zgbc[ueZqZklbqghk\_jgmlZ ih^]hlh\dZki_pbZebklh\bh[\_lrZ\rbo^_lkdbokZ^Zb_s_^jm]bo^hrdhevguo mqj_`^_gbc[uebaZdjulugZoheh^gh_\j_fy]h^Z 554. >_lbbkiulu\Zxsb_ijh[e_fu\h[eZklbh[mq_gbykhklZ\eyxlagZqbl_evgmx qZklv\k_o^_l_cb\dexqZxl^_l_ck^_n_dlZfbhj]Zgh\qm\kl\^_n_dlZfbhihjgh^\b]Zl_evghckbkl_fu^_n_dlZfbj_qbikbobq_kdbfbhldehg_gbyfbbliHgb gm`^Zxlky\^hihegbl_evghf\gbfZgbbbh[mqZxlky\ki_pbZevguomq_[gh\hkiblZl_evguoaZ\_^_gbyoIhkdhevdmdZ`^ucj_[_ghdih-k\h_fmmgbdZe_ghg gm`^Z_lky\ihfhsbqlh[ujZa\blvkybgZclbk\h_f_klh\`bagb<wlhfkfuke_\k_ ^_lby\eyxlkyhkh[ufbb^eyij_h^he_gby\klj_qZxsbokyljm^ghkl_chgb^he`gu ijbeZ]Zlvk\hbkh[kl\_ggu_mkbebyZlZd`_hibjZlvkygZih^^_j`dmjh^bl_e_cKbkl_fZ ki_pbZevgh]hh[jZah\Zgby\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z\oh^bl\_^bgmx]hkm^Zjkl\_ggmx kbkl_fmh[jZah\Zgby ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 201 555. <\_^_gbbfbgbkl_jkl\Zljm^ZkhpbZevghcaZsblubk_fvb\Hjo__bObgq_kl_ gZoh^ylky^\Zbgl_jgZlZ^eymfkl\_gghhlklZeuo^_l_cQbkeh^_l_ch[mqZxsboky\ wlbobgl_jgZlZokhklZ\ey_lkhhl\_lkl\_gghb<\_^_gbb`_fbgbkl_jkl\Z h[jZah\ZgbybgZmdbgZoh^blkybgl_jgZlh\^eykbjhlrdhevgh]h\hajZklZ^_l_c ebr_gguojh^bl_evkdhchi_dbb^_l_cknbabq_kdbfbbikbobq_kdbfbhldehg_gbyfb 556. Ba\k_o^_l_ch[mqZxsboky\^_lkdbo^hfZobbgl_jgZlZoy\eyxlkykbjhlZfb Z-wlh^_lbjh^bl_ebdhlhjuokljZ^ZxljZaebqgufbnbabq_kdbfbjZkkljhckl\Zfbb ^_lbjh^bl_ebdhlhjuoj_r_gb_fkm^Zebr_gujh^bl_evkdboijZ\Kh^_j`Zgb_ ijh]jZffh[mq_gbybih^]hlh\db\wlboaZ\_^_gbyoaZ\bkblhlbg^b\b^mZevguo kihkh[ghkl_c^_l_c 557. <]h^mgZkqblu\Zekybgl_jgZl^ey^_l_ckikbobq_kdbfbbnbabq_kdbfb hldehg_gbyfb\dhlhjuoh[mqZehkv^_l_cGZgboba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h[x^`_lZ [ueh\u^_e_ghfege__\M\_ebq_gb_qbkeZ^_l_cklZdbfbg_^hklZldZfbk \ ]h^m^h\]h^mijb\_ehdkhdjZs_gbxjZkoh^h\gZh^gh]hj_[_gdZk 3 631 e_y\]h^m^he_y\]h^m<wlhli_jbh^]hkm^Zjkl\h\u^_ebeh 700 e__\gZkljhbl_evkl\hrdhe-kZgZlhjb_\]^_dmjke_q_gbyijhreb^_l_ck k_j^_qgh-khkm^bklufbaZ[he_\Zgbyfb LZ[ebpZ JZkoh^ugZ^_l_ckikbobq_kdbfbbnbabq_kdbfbhldehg_gbyfb Kj_^g__ qbkeh Kj_^g__ =h^h\u_ jZkoh^u luk e__\ aZ\_^_gbc qbkeh ^_l_c Ki_pbZevgu_ bgl_jgZlu ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ Rdheu-kZgZlhjbb ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ * Kj_^g_]h^h\u_ jZkoh^u gZ ^mrm gZk_e_gby luk e__\ 44 42 43 41 5 765 5 679 5 680 5 439 18 662,2 18 841,3 16 977,5 3 631,5 3 531,0 3 129,5 1 1 1 3 233 206 206 352 793,1 715,5 780,7 3 403,9 3 473,3 3 789,9 Rdheu ^ey ^_l_c k ikbobq_kdbfb b nbabq_kdbfb hldehg_gbyfb Bklhqgbd >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ 558. <ihjy^d_h[_ki_q_gbyijZ\Zkbjhlb^_l_cebr_gguojh^bl_evkdhchi_dbgZ h[jZah\Zgb_]hkm^Zjkl\hhdZau\ZehfZl_jbZevgmxih^^_j`dm^_lyfh[mqZ\rbfky\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguomq_[guoaZ\_^_gbyo<]h^mba]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h[x^`_lZ[ueh \u^_e_ghfege__\Z\]h^m-fege__\<]h^mgZp_ebhdZaZgby fZl_jbZevghcih^^_j`dbkbjhlZf]hkm^Zjkl\hZkkb]gh\Zehkmffm\fege__\ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 202 559. Kh]eZkghklZlbklbq_kdbf^ZggufihkhklhygbxgZfZjlZ ]h^Z\kljZg_ gZkqblu\Zehkv kbjhlb^_l_cebr_gguojh^bl_evkdhchi_dbL_`_klZlbklbq_kdb_ ^Zggu_mdZau\ZxlgZlhqlh^_l_c[uebmkugh\e_guDjhf_lh]h^_l_c ebr_gguojh^bl_evkdhchi_dbh[mqZxlky\bgl_jgZlZo< ]h^mgZihi_qbl_evkl\h [uebijbgylu kbjhlb^_l_cebr_gguojh^bl_evkdhchi_dbbj_[_ghd[ue mkugh\e_g<h[s_ckeh`ghklb\-]h^Zo[uehmkugh\e_gh^_l_c LZ[ebpZ >_lbbih^jhkldb\\hajZkl_-16 e_lg_ihk_sZ\rb_ rdhemihkhklhygbxgZgZqZehmq_[gh]h]h^Z Mq_[guc ]h^ H[s__ qbkeh ^_l_c \ \hajZkl_ -16 e_l g_ ihk_sZ\rbo rdhem 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/2000 14 675 13 393 13 834 10 829 11 156 9 696 10 426 Ih ijbqbg_ Ih ijbqbg_ ij_djZs_gby h[mq_gby [he_agb ih hdhgqZgbb IX deZkkZ 1 535 1 274 1 179 1 003 1 005 776 738 8 069 7 251 8 005 5 049 5 659 4 188 4 965 >_lb kj_^g_]h rdhevgh]h \hajZklZ <k_]h >_lb \ \hajZkl_ -16 e_l g_ ihk_sZ\rb_ rdhem 5 078 4 868 4 650 4 777 4 492 4 732 4 719 35 36 34 44 40 49 45 Bklhqgbd >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ 560. Wdhghfbq_kdbcdjbabk\kljZg_ihjh`^Z_lljm^ghklb\hj]ZgbaZpbb h[jZah\Zl_evgh]hb\hkklZgh\bl_evgh]hijhp_kkZ^_l_c\rdheZo-bgl_jgZlZo>_lkdb_ ^hfZbbgl_jgZlug_ihemqZxlg_h[oh^bfh]hnbgZgkbjh\ZgbyNbgZgkh\h_iheh`_gb_ g_iha\hey_lbfkha^ZlvghjfZevgu_mkeh\by^eye_q_gbyb`bagb^_l_ckhkh[ufb ihlj_[ghklyfb 561. Iheh\h_\hkiblZgb_<khhl\_lkl\bbkaZdhghfiheh\h_\hkiblZgb_\rdhe_ghkbl nZdmevlZlb\gucoZjZdl_jDeZkkgu_jmdh\h^bl_ebbijb]eZr_ggu_e_dlhju\jZqb ikboheh]bbl^ijh\h^ylki_pbZevgu_^bkdmkkbhggu_aZgylbyihjZagufl_fZf \dexqZy<BQKIB>b\_g_jbq_kdb_aZ[he_\ZgbyLZdb_aZgylbyy\eyxlkyh[uqgufb\ ]hjh^kdbordheZo^eyk_evkdbojZchgh\wlh-[hevrZyj_^dhklv 562. IhfbfhrdhevguoaZgylbcihiheh\hfm\hkiblZgbxj_ZebamxlkylZd`_ ijh]jZffuiheh\h]hijhk\_s_gbyijbih^^_j`d_jZaebqguog_ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo hj]ZgbaZpbclZdbodZdNhg^KhjhkZb;jblZgkdbcnhg^aZsblu^_l_cHgb hjb_glbjh\Zgueb[hgZ^_l_cbfheh^_`veb[hgZi_^Z]h]h\dhlhjufijboh^blky jZkijhkljZgylvg_h[oh^bfmxbgnhjfZpbxkmq_lhfmjh\gyihgbfZgbydZ`^hc \hajZklghc]jmiiuG_dhlhju_bawlboijh]jZffki_pbZevghZ^j_kh\Zguk_evkdhfm gZk_e_gbxihkdhevdmhghijZdlbq_kdbg_ho\Zq_ghkhhl\_lkl\mxsbfbf_jhijbylbyfb ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 203 JZa\e_dZl_evgZy^_yl_evghklvbhj]ZgbaZpby^hkm]Z 563. <khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c AZdhgZh[h[jZah\Zgbb]hkm^Zjkl\h]ZjZglbjm_lijZ\h ^_l_cgZhl^uok\h[h^gh_\j_fyb]jubjZa\e_q_gbydhlhju_hj]Zgbamxlky h[jZah\Zl_evgufbmqj_`^_gbyfb 564. AZdhghijZ\Zoj_[_gdZij_^mkfZljb\Z_lijZ\hj_[_gdZgZjZa\blb_k\hbo bgl_ee_dlmZevguokihkh[ghkl_c\oh^_jZaebqguo\g_rdhevguof_jhijbylbc < J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z\g_rdhevghc^_yl_evghklvxaZgbfZxlky mqj_`^_gby?x ho\Zq_gh\h[s_ckeh`ghklb 000 ^_l_cqlhkhklZ\ey_l\k_omqZsbokykj_^gbo mq_[guoaZ\_^_gbc\qbkehlZdbomqj_`^_gbc\oh^bl p_gljh\l\hjq_kl\Z]^_ aZgbfZxlky 753 j_[_gdZ p_gljh\l_ogbq_kdh]hl\hjq_kl\Z]^_aZgbfZxlky 7 895 ^_l_c p_gljh\lmjbafZbwdkdmjkbc^ey^_l_cbfheh^_`b]^_aZgbfZxlky 5 362 j_[_gdZb p_gljh\xguogZlmjZebklh\]^_aZgbfZ_lky 771 j_[_ghd 565. AZihke_^gb_^_kylve_l\g_rdhevgu_mqj_`^_gbyij_l_ji_ebagZqbl_evgu_ baf_g_gbyGZkf_gmklZjufh[s_kl\_ggh-iheblbq_kdb_p_gljZfijbreb wlghnhevdehjgu_j_f_ke_ggu_bebl_jZlmjgu_djm`db>_lbijhy\eyxl[hevrhc bgl_j_kdl_ogbq_kdbfgZmdZflmjbafmbkihjlmFgh]b_^_lbihk_sZxldmevlmjghZjlbklbq_kdb_djm`dbIheh`_gb_hkeh`gy_lkyl_fqlh\g_rdhevgu_mqj_`^_gby \ugm`^_gu\hkihegylvijh[_eu\om^h`_kl\_gghfh[jZah\Zgbb 566. Hj]Zgbamyijbylgh_bihe_agh_ijh\_^_gb_^hkm]Zbij_^hklZ\eyy[_kieZlgu_ mkem]b\h[eZklbh[jZah\Zgby\g_rdhevgu_mqj_`^_gbykha^Zxl[eZ]hijbylgu_mkeh\by ^eykZfhml\_j`^_gby^_l_cbafZehbfmsbobkhpbZevghmya\bfuok_f_cb^_l_c gm`^Zxsboky\ih\ur_gghf\gbfZgbbkhklhjhgui_^Z]h]h\ 567. G_kfhljygZ\k_khpbZevgh-wdhghfbq_kdb_ljm^ghklb\g_rdhevgu_mqj_`^_gby h[_ki_qb\Zxlijh\_^_gb_\g_rdhevguof_jhijbylbcgZ^hklZlhqghj_]meyjghchkgh\_ LjZ^bpb_cklZebohjh\u_bnhevdehjgu_n_klb\Zebom^h`_kl\_ggu_bnhlh\uklZ\db \uklZ\dbba^_ebcdmklZjgh]hijhfukeZkhj_\gh\Zgbyihom^h`_kl\_ggufbkihjlb\guf lZgpZfkihjlb\gu_lmjbklbq_kdb_bijbjh^h\_^q_kdb_f_jhijbylbyih_a^db\]hju\ Jmfugbx;he]Zjbxb=j_pbxFgh`_kl\h^_l_caZgbfZxsboky\h\g_rdhevguo mqj_`^_gbyomki_rghmqZkl\mxl\f_`^mgZjh^guon_klb\Zeyo\uklZ\dZobdhgdmjkZo ijh\h^bfuo\;he]ZjbbJmfugbbNjZgpbbLmjpbbIhevr_bl^ 568. <J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z^_ckl\m_l om^h`_kl\_gguo^hrdhevguomqj_`^_gbc\ dhlhjuofmaudhclZgpZfbbbah[jZabl_evgufbkdmkkl\hfaZgbfZxlky 905 ^_l_c < khhl\_lkl\bbkj_r_gb_fijZ\bl_evkl\Z hl ^_dZ[jy ]h^Z\\ur_mdZaZgguo ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 204 mqj_`^_gbyoklZeZ\abfZlvkyieZlZaZaZgylbyHgZihdju\Z_ljZkoh^h\ khhl\_lkl\mxs_]hmqj_`^_gbyJZagbpZf_`^m]h^h\ufbkf_lgufbbnZdlbq_kdbfb jZkoh^Zfbihdju\Z_lkyaZkq_lf_klguo[x^`_lh\<\b^mjhklZieZlubg_klZ[bevghklb wdhghfbq_kdh]hiheh`_gbyqbkeh^_l_cihevamxsbokymkem]Zfbwlbomqj_`^_gbc khdjZsZ_lky 569. Kbkl_fZ\g_rdhevgh]hom^h`_kl\_ggh]hh[jZah\Zgbyijba\ZgZ\uy\eylvjZa\b\Zlv bihhsjylvlZeZgleb\uo ^_l_cIhwlhfmmqZsb_kyfmaudZevguolZgp_\Zevguob om^h`_kl\_gguordhe^h[bebkv\i_qZleyxsboj_amevlZlh\gZgZpbhgZevguob f_`^mgZjh^guon_klb\Zeyo 570. <Fhe^h\_^_ckl\mxlq_luj_om^h`_kl\_gguoebp_yFmaudZevgucebp_c Imjmf[_kdm mqZsbokyFmaudZevgucebp_cbf K JZofZgbgh\Z mqZsboky J_kim[ebdZgkdbcohj_h]jZnbq_kdbcebp_cmqZsbokybJ_kim[ebdZgkdbcebp_c bah[jZabl_evguobkdmkkl\mqZsbokyHgbijba\ZgujZa\b\ZlvebqghklvblZeZgl j_[_gdZijb\b\Zlvwkl_lbq_kdbc\dmkb\hkiblu\Zlvm\Z`_gb_dgZpbhgZevgufb \k_h[sbfp_gghklyf< 1997-1998 ]h^ZomqZsb_ky\ur_mdZaZgguoebp__\aZ\h_\ZebgZ j_kim[ebdZgkdbobf_`^mgZjh^guodhgdmjkZo ij_klb`guogZ]jZ^Z\ 1998-1999 ]h^Zo - 147 gZ]jZ^>\Z^pZlviylv ^_l_cbaom^h`_kl\_gguordheihemqZeb klbi_g^bbNhg^Z;jbg^mk_e_Ki_jZgl_bZ\-1999 ]h^Zob\ihke_^mxs_f]h^m qbkehklbi_g^bZlh\m^\hbehkv 571. JZ[hlZ_lhdheh \g_rdhevguo^_lkdbo[b[ebhl_d< ihke_^gb_]h^u [b[ebhl_qgZykbkl_fZbkiulu\ZeZljm^ghklbk\yaZggu_kkh^_j`Zgb_fjZkrbj_gb_fb h[gh\e_gb_fk\h_]hdgb`gh]hnhg^ZHlqZklbbom^Zehkvij_h^he_lv[eZ]h^Zjyihfhsb kihgkhjh\bfh[bebaZpbb\g_[x^`_lguoj_kmjkh\ 572. >_ckl\m_l ^_lkdboom^h`_kl\_gguodhee_dlb\h\lZdbodZd]jmiiZgZjh^gh]h lZgpZNhdmkhjwlghnhevdehjgZy]jmiiZFhkl_gblhjbbNehjbe_^Ze[_ba Dbrbg_\ZQbh[ZgZkmebaDZgl_fbjZ^_lkdZylZgp_\ZevgZy]jmiiZba^_j_\gb ;ZcfZdeby:jlZjZkmeba^_j_\gbI_e_gbyJZkdZgbQbf[jbkhjba>jhobbb l^ 573. Fbgbkl_jkl\hdmevlmjuFhe^h\uhdZau\Z_lih^^_j`dmg_lhevdhh[jZah\Zl_evghfm ijhp_kkm\h\g_rdhevguoom^h`_kl\_gguomqj_`^_gbyoebp_yobdhee_^`Zoghb jZaebqguf^_lkdbff_jhijbylbyfijh\h^bfufklm^byfbl\hjq_kdbfbp_gljZfbb om^h`_kl\_ggufbdhee_dlb\Zfb< 1997 ]h^m \g_rdhevgufmqj_`^_gbyfba [x^`_lh\\k_omjh\g_c[ueh\u^_e_gh feg e__\ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 205 574. >eyhj]ZgbaZpbbe_lg_]hhl^uoZ^_l_cbardhe-bgl_jgZlh\bkhpbZevghmya\bfuo k_f_cbaijZ\bl_evkl\_ggh]hj_a_j\gh]hnhg^Z[ue\u^_e_g feg e__\ LZ[ebpZ <g_rdhevgu_^_lkdb_mqj_`^_gbyihkhklhygbxgZdhg_p]h^Z Mqj_`^_gb_ P_glju l_ogbq_kdh]h l\hjq_kl\Z P_glju xguo l_ogbdh\ P_glju xguo gZlmjZebklh\ :\lhghfgu_ e_lgb_ eZ]_jy FmaudZevgu_ b om^h`_kl\_ggu_ rdheu >_lkdb_ [b[ebhl_db >_lkdb_ b xghr_kdb_ kihjlb\gu_ rdheu P_glju l_ogbq_kdh]h l\hjq_kl\Z P_glju xguo l_ogbdh\ P_glju xguo gZlmjZebklh\ :\lhghfgu_ e_lgb_ eZ]_jy FmaudZevgu_ b om^h`_kl\_ggu_ rdheu >_lkdb_ [b[ebhl_db Kihjlb\gu_ rdheu ^ey \ajhkeuo ]h^ 50 32 19 25 127 304 129 ]h^ 48 16 9 11 123 227 100 ]h^ 48 15 9 12 119 226 87 ]h^ 47 15 9 11 119 211 83 ]h^ 47 11 7 9 118 206 83 ]h^ 46 10 6 8 115 184 79 >_lb ihk_sZxsb_ mdZaZggu_ mqj_`^_gby luk q_e ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 39,0 16,6 6,9 10,5 25,8 312,5 54,4 35,7 7,3 3,1 5,1 21,6 239,3 41,0 33,8 7,9 2,8 5,4 20,9 223,4 37,5 32,6 8,2 2,8 4,8 20,4 216,3 35,3 33,0 6,3 2,4 3,6 19,9 211,7 34,1 28,8 6,0 2,3 2,7 16,3 203,7 32,7 Bklhqgbd >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ 575. AZdhghijZ\Zoj_[_gdZ]ZjZglbjm_l^_lyf\hafh`ghklvjZa\b\Zlvk\hb bgl_ee_dlmZevgu_kihkh[ghklb\h\g_deZkkguomqj_`^_gbyo< 1997 ]h^mgZp_eb nbgZgkbjh\Zgby \g_deZkkguomqj_`^_gbcba[x^`_lh\\k_omjh\g_c[ueh\u^_e_gh 25,5 fege__\>eyhj]ZgbaZpbbe_lg_]hhl^uoZ^_l_cbardhe-bgl_jgZlh\bkhpbZevgh mya\bfuok_f_cbaijZ\bl_evkl\_ggh]hj_a_j\gh]hnhg^Z[ue\u^_e_g feg e__\ <\b^mg_o\ZldbnbgZgkh\uoj_kmjkh\qbkeh\g_deZkkguomqj_`^_gbckhdjZlbehkv =hkm^Zjkl\hm^_ey_lhkh[h_\gbfZgb_^_lyfjh^bl_ebdhlhjuoihkljZ^Zeb\oh^_ \h_gguo^_ckl\bcbebihemqbebm\_qvy\j_amevlZl_g_kqZklguokemqZ_\ 576. < klZlv_ AZdhgZ 909-O,,H khpbZevghcaZsbl_]jZ`^ZgihkljZ^Z\rbo \ke_^kl\b_Q_jgh[uevkdhcZ\Zjbbhl yg\Zjy ]h^Z]h\hjblkyqlh g_ljm^hkihkh[gu_qe_guk_fvb[u\rb_gZb`^b\_gbbmqZklgbdZebd\b^Zpbb ihke_^kl\bcZ\ZjbbgZQ_jgh[uevkdhc:WKbf_xlijZ\hgZ_`_f_kyqgmxdhfi_gkZpbx ijbihl_j_dhjfbevpZJZaf_jdhfi_gkZpbbkhklZ\ey_lfbgbfZevghci_gkbbih \hajZklmbg_aZ\bkblhlmklZgh\e_gghc^eywlboebpi_gkbb>_lyfihl_jy\rbf dhjfbevpZ\uieZqb\Z_lky_`_]h^ghfZl_jbZevgZyihfhsv\jZaf_j_h^gh]hFJHL ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 206 577. 25 n_\jZey ]h^ZiZjeZf_glJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\ZijbgyeAZdhghihijZ\dZod AZdhgmhkhpbZevghcaZsbl_]jZ`^ZgihkljZ^Z\rbo\ke_^kl\b_Q_jgh[uevkdhcZ\Zjbb <khhl\_lkl\bbkwlbfAZdhghf[uebij_^mkfhlj_gug_dhlhju_\b^udhfi_gkZpbcb ihkh[bcbihfhsbdZd^eyebd\b^Zlhjh\bbo^_l_clZdbk_f_cdhlhju_ihl_jyeb dhjfbevp_\\h\j_fybeb\k\yabkebd\b^Zpb_cihke_^kl\bcZ\ZjbbKh]eZkghklZlv_ 9, k_fvyf\uieZqb\Z_lkydhfi_gkZpby\jZaf_j_kj_^g_f_kyqguoaZjZ[hlguoieZl 578. <p_eyokhpbZevghcaZsblubf_^bpbgkdhcihfhsbbha^hjh\e_gby^_l_c jh^b\rbokyihke_Zij_ey]h^Zh^bgbajh^bl_e_cdhlhjuoihkljZ^Ze\ke_^kl\b_ q_jgh[uevkdhcdZlZkljhnuZlZd`_^_l_cw\Zdmbjh\Zgguobaf_jl\hcahgubf ij_^hklZ\ey_lky\k_\hafh`gZyihfhsvbihkh[by^h^hklb`_gby-e_lg_]h\hajZklZ Hgbbf_xlijZ\hgZ[_kieZlgh__`_]h^gh_h[_ki_q_gb_iml_\dZfb\kZgZlhjghdmjhjlgu_b^jm]b_ha^hjh\bl_evgu_mqj_`^_gbyjZkiheh`_ggu_gZl_jjblhjbb J_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zijbg_\hafh`ghklbij_^hklZ\e_gbyiml_\hd-gZihemq_gb_ ^_g_`ghcdhfi_gkZpbb\jZaf_j_kj_^g_cklhbfhklbh^ghciml_\db>jm]bfbev]hlZfb y\eyxlky[_kieZlgu_e_dZjkl\Zb[_kieZlgucijh_a^kh^gbfbajh^bl_e_cbebebphf hi_dmghfZ\lhfh[bevguf\h^guf\ha^mrgufbeb`_e_agh^hjh`gufljZgkihjlhfd f_klme_q_gbybh[jZlghIjbaZ[he_\Zgbyodjh\_l\hjguohj]Zgh\hklju_e_cdhau sblh\b^ghc`_e_auZ^_ghfujZdaehdZq_kl\_ggufbhimoheyfb^jm]bohj]Zgh\^_lbb ih^jhkldbbf_xlijZ\hgZev]hluij_^mkfhlj_ggu_klZlv_c gZklhys_]hAZdhgZ 579. Jh^bl_eyf^_l_c\\hajZkl_^he_lij_^hklZ\eyxlkyke_^mxsb_ev]hlu Z hieZlZ[hevgbqguoebklh\\jZaf_j_gZhkgh\_f_^bpbgkdhckijZ\db g_aZ\bkbfhhlklZ`ZjZ[hlu b) ij_[u\Zgb_h^gh]hbajh^bl_e_ck[hevgufj_[_gdhf\e_q_[ghfmqj_`^_gbb \l_q_gb_\k_]hi_jbh^Ze_q_gbyk\u^Zq_cbhieZlhc[hevgbqgh]hebklZ Ke_^m_lhlf_lblvqlhwlbiheh`_gby\uihegyxlkyg_\iheghcf_j_\\b^mg_o\Zldb nbgZgkh\uokj_^kl\ihkh[bybdhfi_gkZpbyij_^hklZ\eyxlkykhagZqbl_evguf hiha^Zgb_f >_lbijbgZ^e_`Zsb_dwlgbq_kdbff_gvrbgkl\Zf 580. =hkm^Zjkl\_ggZyiheblbdZJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Z]ZjZglbjm_lhkgh\gu_ijZ\Z aZdj_ie_ggu_\Dhg\_gpbbhijZ\Zoj_[_gdZ[_adZdhc-eb[h^bkdjbfbgZpbbihijbagZdm jZkuyaudZj_eb]bbkhpbZevgh]hijhbkoh`^_gbybebbguoh[klhyl_evkl\< klZlv_ 30 Dhg\_gpbb]h\hjblkyqlhj_[_gdmijbgZ^e_`Zs_fmdgZpbhgZevguff_gvrbgkl\Zf ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 207 g_ fh`_l[ulvhldZaZgh\ijZ\_kh\f_klghk^jm]bfbqe_gZfbk\h_c]jmiiu ihevah\Zlvkyk\h_cdmevlmjhc«ZlZd`_ihevah\Zlvkyjh^gufyaudhfJZ\gu_ \hafh`ghklb^_l_c\dexqZy^_l_cijbgZ^e_`Zsbodf_gvrbgkl\Zf^eyihemq_gby h[jZah\Zgby]ZjZglbjh\ZguDhgklblmpb_cklZlvybAZdhghfh[h[jZah\Zgbb 581. <kljZg_gZkqblu\Z_lkyjmfugh-yauqguordhemqZsboky 270 jmkkdhyauqguordhe mqZsbokybrdhekhkf_rZggufbyaudZfb ij_ih^Z\Zgby mqZsboky\dhlhjuoh[mqZ_lkyjmfugh]h\hjysbo mq_gbdh\ 400 jmkkdh]h\hjysbomq_gbdh\bmq_gbdh\]h\hjysbogZmdjZbgkdhf yaud_< jZchgZodhfiZdlgh]hijh`b\ZgbygZpbhgZevguof_gvrbgkl\hj]Zgbah\Zguih bgbpbZlb\_jh^bl_e_cdeZkkubamq_gbyjh^gh]hyaudZ]Z]Zmakdh]h[he]Zjkdh]hbl^ < Dbrbg_\_ihbgbpbZlb\_h[sbghj]Zgbah\Zgu\hkdj_kgu_rdheu^eyij_ih^Z\Zgby eblh\kdh]hihevkdh]hg_f_pdh]hZa_j[Zc^`Zgkdh]hZjfygkdh]hb[_ehjmkkdh]hyaudh\ LZ[ebpZ JZkij_^_e_gb_rdhebmq_gbdh\ihyaudZfij_ih^Z\Zgby bkdexqZyrdheu^ey^_l_ckmfkl\_ggufbbnbabq_kdbfb g_^hklZldZfbbrdheu-kZgZlhjbb 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/2000 <k_]h rdhe K ij_ih^Z\Zgb_f gZ fhe^Z\kdhf jmfugkdhf yaud_ GZ jmkkdhf yaud_ GZ fhe^Z\kdhf jmfugkdhf b jmkkdhf yaudZo GZ mdjZbgkdhf b jmkkdhf yaudZo GZ [he]Zjkdhf b jmkkdhf yaudZo GZ jmkkdhf b Zg]ebckdhf yaudZo GZ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ GZ lmj_pdhf yaud_ <k_]h mqZsboky luk q_e < lhf qbke_ \ fhe^Z\kdbo jmfugkdbo rdheZo Jmkkdbo MdjZbgkdbo ;he]Zjkdbo :g]ebckdbo Lmj_pdbo H[s__ qbkeh mq_gbdh\ bamqZxsbo jh^ghc yaud dZd hl^_evguc ij_^f_l =Z]Zmakdbc ;he]Zjkdbc MdjZbgkdbc Ihevkdbc G_f_pdbc ?\j_ckdbc Lmj_pdbc ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ ]h^ 1 432 1 020 1 444 1 031 1 458 1 047 1 470 1 065 1 485 1 081 1 493 1 097 1 505 1 115 1 514 1 118 313 99 609,4 431,5 177,9 25,7 284 123 6 614,9 444,9 169,4 0,6 19,9 281 123 7 623,9 458,5 164,1 1,3 31,3 283 113 7 1 1 636,9 477,4 157,2 2,2 0,03 0,1 29,2 279 115 8 1 1 643,7 485,0 156,9 1,7 0,03 0,1 32,1 279 111 3 1 1 1 647,0 492 154,5 0,3 0,06 0,1 0,1 31,8 268 114 3 3 1 1 645,0 495,1 149 0,3 0,06 0,1 0,2 32,2 270 114 5 4 1 2 637,7 494,8 142,0 0,4 0,2 0,3 27,3 6,9 1,3 0,02 0,4 - 6,1 0,6 0,03 0,05 0,5 - 6,8 1,3 0,04 0,1 0,5 - 7,1 1,8 0,06 0,4 0,3 - 7,8 2,4 0,06 0,5 0,5 - 8,3 2,9 0,04 0,1 0,6 0,1 7,8 2,3 0,1 0,1 0,6 - 7,5 5,9 0,1 5,3 0,7 - Bklhqgbd >_iZjlZf_gl klZlbklbq_kdh]h b khpbheh]bq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ ]h^ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 208 582. =hkm^Zjkl\h]ZjZglbjm_ljZ\gu_ijZ\ZgZbamq_gb_hnbpbZevgh]hyaudZ\k_f^_lyf g_aZ\bkbfhhlbogZpbhgZevghklbIhijb]eZr_gbxkljZgijhbkoh`^_gbyijb ih^^_j`d_boij_^klZ\bl_evkl\\Fhe^h\_m^_l_cijbgZ^e_`Zsbodwlgbq_kdbf f_gvrbgkl\Zf_klv\hafh`ghklvihk_sZlvwlbkljZgu]^_hgbfh]mlihemqblvagZgbyh[ bklhjbbdmevlmj_ljZ^bpbyobjh^ghfyaud_ 583. <J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z[ueijbgyljy^ij_ab^_glkdbomdZah\bijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo ihklZgh\e_gbcdZkZxsboky]hkm^Zjkl\_gghcih^^_j`dbgZpbhgZevguof_gvrbgkl\\bo dmevlmjghfjZa\blbbbbamq_gbbjh^gh]hyaudZ<j_amevlZl_[uebkha^Zgu^_lkdb_ kZ^urdheubebp_b^eygZpbhgZevguof_gvrbgkl\HgblZd`_bf_xl\hafh`ghklv bamqZlvhnbpbZevgucyaudHldjulu[b[ebhl_db\dhlhjuobf_xlkydgb]bgZjmkkdhf mdjZbgkdhf[he]Zjkdhf]Z]ZmakdhfyaudZoyaudZob^brb\jbl[_ehjmkkdhfyaud_ GZ yaud_gZpbhgZevguof_gvrbgkl\\uoh^yl]Za_lujZ^bh-bl_e_\babhggu_ijh]jZffu Ij_^klZ\bl_eyfwlgbq_kdbof_gvrbgkl\bwlgbq_kdbodmevlmjguohj]ZgbaZpbc ij_^hklZ\ey_lkyihfhsv\mklZgh\e_gbbihklhygguodhglZdlh\kjh^bghc 584. J_ZebaZpb_cgZpbhgZevghciheblbdbaZgbfZ_lky>_iZjlZf_glihgZpbhgZevguf hlghr_gbyfbyaudmHgij_^klZ\ey_lbgl_j_ku[hevrbgkl\ZgZjh^Zb`b\msbo\f_kl_k gbfwlgbq_kdbof_gvrbgkl\h[_ki_qb\Z_lbkihevah\Zgb_hnbpbZevgh]hyaudZbyaudh\ wlgbq_kdbof_gvrbgkl\hdZau\Z_lih^^_j`dm\aZdhghl\hjq_kdhc^_yl_evghklb dmevlmjgh-wlgbq_kdboh[sbg\kljZg_bihfh]Z_l]jZ`^ZgZfFhe^h\uijh`b\ZxsbfaZ jm[_`hf 585. MdZahfij_ab^_glZhln_\jZey]h^Z[uekha^Zg>hfgZpbhgZevghkl_c Hkgh\gu_dmevlmjgh-wlgbq_kdb_hj]ZgbaZpbbbf_xl\>hf_gZpbhgZevghkl_ck\hb ij_^klZ\bl_evkl\Z<g_fijh\h^ylky\Z`gu_\uklZ\dbbf_jhijbylbyLZf`_h[uqgh hj]Zgbamxlky\uklZ\dbijhba\_^_gbcbah[jZabl_evgh]hbkdmkkl\Zh^Zj_gguo^_l_c ?`_]h^ghcljZ^bpb_c>_iZjlZf_glZy\ey_lkyijh\_^_gb_Jh`^_kl\Zb^g_c[he]Zjkdhc ]Z]ZmakdhcjmkkdhcmdjZbgkdhcbl^dmevlmjuZlZd`_wlgbq_kdbon_klb\Ze_c\ F_`^mgZjh^guc^_gvaZsblu^_l_c Dmevlmjgu_f_jhijbylby 586. J_^Zdpby^_lkdbobxghr_kdboijh]jZffGZpbhgZevgh]hjZ^bhih^]hlh\beZpbde i_j_^Zqihk\ys_gguoijh[e_f_mdj_ie_gbybihhsj_gbym\Z`_gbyijZ\j_[_gdZ<h \aZbfh^_ckl\bbkP_gljhfbgnhjfZpbbb^hdmf_glZpbbhijZ\Zoj_[_gdZ\rdheZob ebp_yo[uehih^]hlh\e_ghg_kdhevdh\ur_^rbo\wnbjdhff_glZjb_\ih^Zgghcl_f_ ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 209 ;ueih^]hlh\e_gpbdei_j_^Zqih^jm[jbdhcMgZklh`__klvijZ\Z\jZfdZodhlhjuo ^_lbbf_eb\hafh`ghklvaZ^Zlv\hijhkuhk\hboijZ\ZoXGBK?Nbp_gljZevguf ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufhj]ZgZfDF_`^mgZjh^ghfm^gxaZsblu^_l_cj_^Zdpby]hlh\bl i_j_^Zqbih^jm[jbdhc>_lbf_gyxlfbj\dexqZy - bgl_j\vxkij_ab^_glhf - \hijhkuhijZ\Zoj_[_gdZh[jZs_ggu_dqbgh\gbdZfkn_juh[jZah\Zgby a^jZ\hhojZg_gbybkhpbZevghcihfhsb - F_qlufh]mlhkms_kl\blvky-jZkkm`^_gby^_l_ch[m^ms_fkljZguhlhf qlh[uhgbbaf_gbebklZ\ij_ab^_glhfij_fv_j-fbgbkljhffbgbkljZfbb l^ Djhf_lh]hJ_^ZdpbybP_gljbgnhjfZpbbb^hdmf_glZpbbhijZ\Zoj_[_gdZihklZ\beb\ gZpbhgZevghchi_j_ki_dlZdevIjbdexq_gby=bhq_eZhijZ\_j_[_gdZbf_lvk_fvx 587. I_j\h]hbxgy\>hf_jZ^bhgZj_kim[ebdZgkdhfmjh\g_hlf_qZ_lky>_gvj_[_gdZ KeZ^dbckhg-^_lkl\h<wlhf]h^mmqZklb_\ijZa^gh\Zgbbijbgyebihqlb ^_l_c <h \j_fywlh]hij_^klZ\e_gbyljZgkebjh\Z\r_]hky\ijyfhfwnbj_ihl_e_\b^_gbx [uehiheh`_ghgZqZeh[eZ]hl\hjbl_evghcdZfiZgbb<f_kl_fufh`_fk^_eZlv[hevr_ ?_p_evaZdexqZeZkv\lhfqlh[ukh[jZlvkj_^kl\Z^eyijbh[j_l_gbyg_h[oh^bfuo dj_k_e-dZlZehd^ey^_l_c-bg\Zeb^h\DZfiZgby^ebeZkvihe]h^Zb[ueZhj]Zgbah\ZgZ\h \aZbfh^_ckl\bbkXGBK?NbP_gljhfihj_Z[beblZpbb^_l_c-bg\Zeb^h\ 588. <Fhe^h\_ba^Z_lkyfgh`_kl\hi_jbh^bq_kdboba^Zgbc^ey^_l_cbxghr_kl\Z Z Nehjbe_^Ze[_-_`_g_^_evguc`mjgZe^ey^_l_cbxghr_kl\Z<g_f jZkkdZau\Z_lkyhrdhevghc`bagbijh[e_fZomq_[ub\g_deZkkguof_jhijbylbyo ijh\h^bfuop_gljZfbl\hjq_kl\Z[b[ebhl_dZfbfmaudZevgufbbom^h`_kl\_ggufb rdheZfbbdjm`dZfbihbgl_j_kZf b) `mjgZe c) Ghb-i_jbh^bq_kdh_ba^Zgb_^eyxghr_kl\Z_`_f_kyqgucebl_jZlmjguc :emg_eme-`mjgZe^ey^_l_c-^hrdhevgbdh\ d) :-beexkljbjh\Zgguc`mjgZe^ey^_l_cbxghr_kl\Z?]hba^Z_lqZklgZy dhfiZgby ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 210 e) hj_iexkb_abba^Z_lkyDbrbg_\kdbf^_iZjlZf_glhfdmevlmju :kkhpbZpb_cGhbbba^Zl_evkl\hf:[_p_emk 589. 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H[t_f]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo[x^`_lguoZkkb]gh\ZgbcgZp_ebdmevlmjukhklZ\be\ 1995 ]h^mfege__\\ ]h^m-fege__\\ ]h^m-fege__\Z\ 1998 ]h^m-21,0 fege__\bebkhhl\_lkl\_gghb<<I 601. <ur_ijb\_^_ggu_pbnjumdZau\ZxlgZl_g^_gpbxdkgb`_gbx[x^`_lguo Zkkb]gh\ZgbcdZdgZp_gljZevghflZdbf_klghfmjh\gyoWlhijb\_ehdnbgZgkh\hfm djbabkm\h[eZklbjZa\blbykhojZg_gbybijhiZ]Zg^ugZpbhgZevguodmevlmjguo ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 212 p_gghkl_c>eymemqr_gbyiheh`_gbyhkgh\gu_gZpbhgZevgu_dmevlmjgu_mqj_`^_gby kh\f_klghkf_klgufbhj]ZgZfb^b\_jkbnbpbjh\Zebbf_xsb_ky\bojZkihjy`_gbb bklhqgbdb\g_[x^`_lguokj_^kl\ 602. >h]h^Z\g_[x^`_lgufbkj_^kl\Zfbg_agZqbl_evgufbihemqZ_fufbhl ijh^Z`b[be_lh\gZwdkdmjkbbb\uklZ\dbjZkiheZ]Zeblhevdhfma_bK]h^Z mqj_`^_gby^b\_jkbnbpbjmxlk\hbbklhqgbdb\g_[x^`_lguokj_^kl\^h[Z\eyyd i_j\bqguflZdb_dZdieZlZaZh[mq_gb_\om^h`_kl\_gguomq_[guoaZ\_^_gbyohdZaZgb_ wdki_jlguomkem]ijbj_ZebaZpbbom^h`_kl\_gguoijh_dlh\bnbevfh\k^ZqZ g_^\b`bfhklb\Zj_g^m\h\k_\hafh`guodmevlmjguomqj_`^_gbyo 603. <]h^mih^\_^hfkl\_ggu_fbgbkl_jkl\mdmevlmjuhj]Zguihemqbeb jZaj_r_ggu_km[kb^bbhlohayckl\_gguokm[t_dlh\xjb^bq_kdboebpbhj]ZgbaZpbc\ \b^_kihgkhjkdhcihfhsbb^hlZpbcgZh[smxkmffm\e__\qlhkhklZ\eyeh h[s_ckmffu\g_[x^`_lgh]hnbgZgkbjh\ZgbybjZkoh^h\ihdju\Z_fuoaZkq_l ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h[x^`_lZH[t_f\g_[x^`_lguokj_^kl\\h[sbojZkoh^ZogZ ^_yl_evghklvdmevlmjguobom^h`_kl\_gguomq_[guomqj_`^_gbck_]h^gyij_\urZ_l 4 fege__\ 604. <J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Z^_ckl\m_lAZdhghkihgkhjkl\_<]h^mgZp_eb nbgZgkbjh\Zgbydmevlmjguomqj_`^_gbcf_klgu_kihgkhju\u^_ebebfege__\ij_bfms_kl\_gghgZba^Zl_evkdmx^_yl_evghklvbrhm-[bag_kI_j\u_h[s_kl\_ggu_ nhg^uhdZau\Zxlih^^_j`dm]eZ\gufh[jZahflZeZgleb\hcfheh^_`bij_^hklZ\eyybf klbi_g^bb]jZglugZmq_[maZ]jZgbp_cbkihgkbjmybomqZklb_\n_klb\ZeyodhgdmjkZo b\uklZ\dZo 605. DgZqZem-o]h^h\\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Zm`_knhjfbjh\ZeZkvjZa\blZy dmevlmjgZybgnjZkljmdlmjZ\dexqZxsZy Z k_lvki_pbZevguoom^h`_kl\_gguobh[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguomqj_`^_gbc b) kbkl_fmijhn_kkbhgZevghcih^]hlh\dbihrbjhdhfmdjm]mki_pbZevghkl_c\ h[eZklbdmevlmju c) kbkl_fmijh\_^_gbydhgp_jlguof_jhijbylbc d) kbkl_fmfma__\dhgp_jlguob\uklZ\hqguoaZeh\ e) jZa\blmx[b[ebhl_qgmxkbkl_fm ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 213 f) ba^Zl_evkdmxkbkl_fmbkbkl_fmjZkijhkljZg_gbyiheb]jZnbq_kdhc ijh^mdpbb g) kbkl_fmf_klguodmevlmjguomqj_`^_gbc h) kbkl_fmijhnkhxaguodmevlmjguomqj_`^_gbc i) dbghbg^mkljbxbkbkl_fmdbghijhdZlZ 606. K ]h^Z\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\Znmgdpbhgbjm_lfma__\dmevlmjguop_gljZ l_Zljh\\k_]hdbghl_ZljZ\b^_hl_Zljh\im[ebqguo[b[ebhl_d 128 om^h`_kl\_gguomq_[guoaZ\_^_gbcl\hjq_kdbokhxah\bZkkhpbZpbc om^h`gbdh\ 607. <klZlv_AZdhgZhdmevlmj_h]h\Zjb\Z_lkyhkh[ucj_`bfojZg_gbykhojZg_gbyb bkihevah\Zgbydmevlmjgh]h^hklhygbykljZguIjb\ZlbaZpbyij_^f_lh\bh[t_dlh\ y\eyxsbokygZpbhgZevgufdmevlmjguf^hklhygb_faZij_sZ_lkyDjhf_lh]h\ khhl\_lkl\bbkhklZlv_c^Zggh]hAZdhgZijZ\bl_evkl\hjZajZ[Zlu\Z_l]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ ijh]jZffuihkhojZg_gbxbjZa\blbxdmevlmju 608. Ihijbqbg_g_o\ZldbnbgZgkh\uoj_kmjkh\k]h^Zhj]Zguhl\_lkl\_ggu_aZ hojZgmdmevlmjguoiZfylgbdh\g_\hkklZgh\bebgbh^gh]hh[t_dlZ 609. KlZlbklbq_kdb_^Zggu_mdZau\ZxlgZkhdjZs_gb_h[s_]hqbkeZmqZsboky om^h`_kl\_gguordhegZ\i_jbh^-]h^h\Dmevlmjgu_mqj_`^_gby bkiulu\ZxlgZk_[_g_]Zlb\gu_ihke_^kl\bywdhghfbq_kdh]hdjbabkZ< ]h^m khklhygb_ebrv\k_odmevlmjguoh[t_dlh\khhl\_lkl\h\ZehmklZgh\e_gguf lj_[h\Zgbyf 610. 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Gh\u_f_lh^umijZ\e_gbyjZpbhgZevgh]hbkihevah\Zgbyq_eh\_q_kdh]hihl_gpbZeZ bfZl_jbZevguobnbgZgkh\uoj_kmjkh\kp_evxba[_`Zlvg_hijZ\^Zgguoihl_jvb jZkoh^h\bh[_ki_qblvfZdkbfZevghrbjhdh_mqZklb_i_jkhgZeZ\hj]ZgbaZpbb l\hjq_kdh]hijhp_kkZy\eyxlkyg_h[oh^bfufbmkeh\byfbbp_eyfbijZ\bl_evkl\_gghc ijh]jZffujZa\blbybaZsbludmevlmjubbkdmkkl\Z\J_kim[ebd_Fhe^h\ZgZ 1997-1998 ]h^uHgZ[ueZijh^e_gZ^h ]h^Zb^hiheg_gZkhhl\_lkl\mxsbf ijh_dlhfwdhghfbq_kdhckljZl_]bbgZi_jbh^^h]h^Z\dhlhjhf[uebhij_^_e_gu aZ^Zqbiheblbdb\h[eZklbdmevlmju ?/1990/5/Add.52 page 215 617. >_yl_evghklbfbgbkl_jkl\Zdmevlmjuihmemqr_gbxbfb^`ZkljZguaZjm[_`hf q_j_aihkj_^kl\hgZpbhgZevghcdmevlmju[ueZhjb_glbjh\ZgZgZijh\_^_gb_ dZq_kl\_gghcj_nhjfudmevlmjgh]hkhljm^gbq_kl\ZJ_kim[ebdbFhe^h\Zk^jm]bfb kljZgZfbbf_`^mgZjh^gufbhj]ZgbaZpbyfbkmq_lhfhkgh\guogZpbhgZevguol_g^_gpbc bbgl_j_kh\\kn_j_\g_rg_ciheblbdbZlZd`_iheblbdh-wdhghfbq_kdbohkh[_gghkl_c i_j_oh^gh]hi_jbh^Z;uehjZajZ[hlZghkh]eZkh\Zghbih^ibkZgh f_`^mgZjh^guo ^h]h\hjh\ih\hijhkZfdmevlmjuHgbkha^ZebijZ\h\mxhkgh\m^ey^Zevg_cr_]h jZa\blby^_yl_evghklb\kn_j_dmevlmju 618. 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