ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (III) ɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɝɭɦɭɫɨɷɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ (0–24 ɫɦ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ SiO2 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ 73,5%, ɚ Ⱥl2Ɉ3 ɢ Fɟ2Ɉ3 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 6,90% ɢ 4,1%. ɋ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ SiO2 ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ 82,2%, ɚ Ⱥl2Ɉ3 ɢ Fɟ2Ɉ3 ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨ 6,4 ɢ 4,0%. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɤɢɫɥɵɟ. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 5,6. ɗɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɋɚɈ (0,5–0,8%), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɆgɈ (1,2–1,8%). Ɉɤɫɢɞɵ ɤɚɥɢɹ (Ʉ2Ɉ) ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ (Ɋ2Ɉ5) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0,9-1,2% ɢ 0,6–0,2% ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ: ɚɡɨɬɚ – 82,0 ɦɝ / ɤɝ, ɤɚɥɢɹ – 62,0 ɦɝ/ɤɝ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ – 124,0 ɦɝ/ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (B, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn), ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɛɭɪɨ-ɩɨɞɡɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɝɥɟɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɉɪɢɤɚɪɩɚɬɶɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɠɟɜɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ. ɉɈɑȼȿɇɇɕȿ ȼɈȾɈɊɈɋɅɂ ɈɄɍɅɖɌɍɊȿɇɇɈɃ ȾȿɊɇɈȼɈ-ɉɈȾɁɈɅɂɋɌɈɃ ɉȿɋɑȺɇɈɃ ɉɈɑȼɕ ɉɈȾ ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂȿɆ ɌɈɊɎɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɁȿɆɅȿȼȺɇɂə ȿ.ȿ. Ƚɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ, gaevski@rambler.ru ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɢɩ ɩɨɱɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɬɵ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ – ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɨɬɨɬɪɨɮɧɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɸ. ɂɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɛɢɨɝɟɨɰɟɧɨɡɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ, ɠɢɜɭɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɛɢɨɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ (Ⱦɨɦɪɚɱɟɜɚ, 1974, ɒɬɢɧɚ, Ƚɨɥɥɟɪɛɚɯ, 1976, Ʉɚɛɢɪɨɜ, 2007). 66 Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɬɨɪɮɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɥɶɝɨɮɥɨɪɭ ɧɢɡɤɨɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ. Ⱥɥɶɝɨɮɥɨɪɚ ɩɨɱɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ. ɐɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɞɟɪɧɨɜɨ-ɩɨɞɡɨɥɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɬɨɪɮɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ 2006 ɝ. ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ «ɉɆɄ-16 ȺȽɊɈ» ɨɤɨɥɨ ɚɝɪɨɝɨɪɨɞɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɫɚɞɵ Ȼɨɪɢɫɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪ-ɧɚ Ɇɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥ. ɧɚ ɞɟɪɧɨɜɨ-ɩɨɞɡɨɥɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɚ 5 ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ: ɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɹɧɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ 50 ɦ2 ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɨɤ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ 100, 200, 300 ɢ 400 ɬ/ɝɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɪɮɨɧɚɜɨɡɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ 200 ɬ/ɝɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɜɨɡɚ ɢ ɬɨɪɮɚ 1:1. ɇɚ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ-ɫɟɞɶɦɨɣ ɝɨɞ (2011-2012 ɝɝ.) ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɛɨɛɨɜɨɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɜɵ (ɤɥɟɜɟɪ ɥɭɝɨɜɨɣ, ɬɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɤɚ ɥɭɝɨɜɚɹ, ɟɠɚ ɫɛɨɪɧɚɹ). ɇɚ ɜɨɫɶɦɨɣ ɝɨɞ (2013 ɝ.) ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɜɟɫ. Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɢɸɥɟ ɢ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ 2011-2013 ɝɝ. ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɥɶɝɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ. ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɝɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. Ɍɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɭ Ɍ.Ɇ. Ɇɢɯɟɟɜɨɣ (1999). Ȼɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ 42 ɜɢɞɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɦ: Cyanophyta – 17 ɜɢɞɨɜ (40,5%), Bacillariophyta – 5 (11,9%), Xanthophyta – 4 (9,5%), Euglenophyta – 1 (2,4%), Chlorophyta - 14 (33,3%) ɢ Rhodophyta – 1 ɜɢɞ (2,4%). ɋɢɧɟɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡ 10 ɪɨɞɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ 7 ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɦ, 3 ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ Chroococcophyceae (11,8 %) ɢ Hormogoniophyceae (88,2 %). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ Oscillatoriales ɢ Nostocales (7 ɢ 8 ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ). ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ 4 ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦ, 6 ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ 8 ɪɨɞɚɦ; ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ Ulothrichales (10 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ). ȼ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɷɞɚɮɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɷɤɨɛɢɨɦɨɪɮ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɇ-ɮɨɪɦɵ – 13 ɜɢɞɨɜ (30,1 %). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɨ ɭɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɢ Ɋ-ɮɨɪɦɵ – 7 ɜɢɞɨɜ (16,7 %) ɢ Ch-ɮɨɪɦɵ – 5 ɜɢɞɨɜ (11,9 %). ȿɞɢɧɢɱɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɢɞɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɋ- ɢ N-ɮɨɪɦɚɦ. 67