ДИНАМИКА ВЕГЕТАТИВНОЙ РЕГУЛЯЦИИ КАРДИРИТМА ПРИ

ʏǤʑǤʐ˃˘˚ˋː˃ˋˇ˓ǤȀʠˎˑˉːˑ˔˕˟Ǥʟ˃ˊ˖ˏǤʞˑ˔˕ːˈˍˎ˃˔˔ˋˍ˃ǤΫʹͲͳ͵Ϋ͒ͶΫʠǤͳͶǦʹͲǤͳͶ
ȾɂɇȺɆɂɄȺ ȼȿȽȿɌȺɌɂȼɇɈɃ ɊȿȽɍɅəɐɂɂ ɄȺɊȾɂɊɂɌɆȺ ɉɊɂ ɋɌɊȿɋɈȽȿɇɇɕɏ ɄɈȽɇɂɌɂȼɇɕɏ, ɗɆɈɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɂ ɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄȺɏ
Ȼɚɯɱɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɉɚɪɢɧ ɋ.Ȼ., ɉɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɋ.Ⱥ.
ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ
ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ
Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɯ:
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ, ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɚɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ, ɢɧɞɟɤɫɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɋɬɪɟɫɫ – ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɧɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ [6-8, 10].
ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɟ ɨ
ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɉ.Ʉ.Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧɚ, ɦɵ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ – ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɭ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ – ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ
ɡɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ – ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɬɟɫɬ ɋɬɪɭɩɚ – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ ɧɚ
ɷɬɚɩɟ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ. Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ – ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɡɨ- ɢ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ. Ⱥɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ –
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɚ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ
ɢ ɩɨɪɨɝɢ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɭɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɪɢɬɦɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɤɚɤ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚɞɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ
ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ (ɪɢɫ.1.).
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɪɢɬɦɚ (ȼɋɊ). ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ, ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. 50-ɬɢ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȼɋɊ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɤ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɥɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɞɟɟɣ Ʉɥɨɞɚ Ȼɟɪɧɚɪɚ ɨ ɧɟɣɪɨɤɚɪɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɜɹɡɹɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ȼɋɊ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ [1, 2], ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȼɋɊ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (fMRI, ɉɗɌ)
[1, 2]. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫ-
ʏǤʑǤʐ˃˘˚ˋː˃ˋˇ˓ǤȀʠˎˑˉːˑ˔˕˟Ǥʟ˃ˊ˖ˏǤʞˑ˔˕ːˈˍˎ˃˔˔ˋˍ˃ǤΫʹͲͳ͵Ϋ͒ͶΫʠǤͳͶǦʹͲǤͳͷ
ɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ȼɋɊ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ:
ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɩɨɫɬɢɧɫɭɥɶɬɧɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɞɢɚɛɟɬɨɦ ɢ ɞɪ. [1-3] ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ:
ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ: ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ, ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.
[1, 2]. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ, ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɨ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ȼɋɊ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ
(ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ) ɜ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ȼɋɊ.
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ⱦɜɭɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ [3, 68].
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɋɊ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜ
ɫɟɛɟ ɪɹɞ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ. Ʉ
ɷɬɢɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [4, 5]. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ, ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸ ɫɪɟɡɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ – ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɨ
ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.
ɗɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɧɹɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ –
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɫɬɚɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ. ɋ
ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ: ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ: ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɟɛɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɚɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ,
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɯ.
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɪɨɞɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ȼ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ –
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ, ɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ – ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ.
ʏǤʑǤʐ˃˘˚ˋː˃ˋˇ˓ǤȀʠˎˑˉːˑ˔˕˟Ǥʟ˃ˊ˖ˏǤʞˑ˔˕ːˈˍˎ˃˔˔ˋˍ˃ǤΫʹͲͳ͵Ϋ͒ͶΫʠǤͳͶǦʹͲǤͳ͸
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ (ȼɋɊ). ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ȼɋɊ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɬɟɥɟɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ [9].
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɢɧɢɚɬɸɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ZephyrBioHarness, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɤɪɟɩɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɲɢɬɵ ɞɜɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ. ɉɨɹɫ ɤɪɟɩɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɥɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ 1 ɢ
2 ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɨɦɭ
ɛɵɥɨ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɹɫɚ.
ɉɚɤɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɤ
ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɜɚɣɫɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɭ Bluetooth. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ – «HR-Reader». ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ
ɫɪɟɞɚ «HR-Reader» ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ on-line
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
RR-ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ (A, B, C, D, E, F) ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ.
ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɦɚɪɤɟɪ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ RR-ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ
ɦɚɪɤɟɪ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
Ɏɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ:
1. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
2. ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ (ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɢɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɚɥɨɧɟ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɚ ɞɥɹ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ. ȼ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
3. Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ.
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ (A, B, C, D, E, F) ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɋɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɤɨɞɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɤɜɚɯ. Ɇɚɪɤɟɪɵ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ RR-ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚ.
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ) ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ,
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɣɜɥɟɬ-ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ:
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ (ɑɋɋ), 1/ɫ; ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ
ɞɥɢɧɚ RR-ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ (ɦɫ); ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ RR-ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ
(SDNN),ɦɫ; ɨɛɳɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ (TɊ),
ɦɫ2; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɧ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (LF),
ɦɫ2; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɧ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (HF),
ɦɫ2;
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɫɢɦɩɚɬɨ-ɜɚɝɭɫɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɤ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ
(LF/HF).
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧ
ɧɚɛɨɪ
ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɧɟɬɪɢɜɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ:
1. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɨɬ 0,6 ɞɨ 2 Ƚɰ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (VHF –
very high frequency) ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ
ʏǤʑǤʐ˃˘˚ˋː˃ˋˇ˓ǤȀʠˎˑˉːˑ˔˕˟Ǥʟ˃ˊ˖ˏǤʞˑ˔˕ːˈˍˎ˃˔˔ˋˍ˃ǤΫʹͲͳ͵Ϋ͒ͶΫʠǤͳͶǦʹͲǤͳ͹
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯ
ɥɸɞɟɣ.
Ɇɵ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ,
ɱɬɨ
ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɵ,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ȼɋɊ: 1. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ
(ɉɑ); 2. Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
(Ɇɉɑ); 3. Ɋɚɡɦɚɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ: ɉɑɦɢɧ, ɉɑɦɚɤɫ,
¨ɉɑ.
2. Ɇɟɬɨɞ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɣɜɥɟɬ
–
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɇȼɉ) (ɜɟɣɜɥɟɬ Ɇɨɪɥɟ).
ɇȼɉ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɣ RR-ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ
ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɣ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɲɚɝɢ:
1 Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɇȼɉ, ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɜɟɣɜɥɟɬɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ;
2 ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɣɜɥɟɬ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ LF ɢ HF ɭɡɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ
(0,005 Ƚɰ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɜɟɣɜɥɟɬ-ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
(W2) ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;
3. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ – W2(t) –
(ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ).
Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɦɵ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ RRɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ,
ɚ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ:
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɭɸ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ
ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ – TP (ɦɫ2), ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬ – LF (ɦɫ2), ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ
ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ – HF
(ɦɫ2), ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ
ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
(ɂȼȻ)) – LF/HF.
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ Microsoft Excel ɢ Statistica 6.0 ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ: ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ
(t-ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ
ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ),
ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ (ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
Ʉ-ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ),
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
(ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ), ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ
ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ȼɋɊ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ
ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɭ 97% ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɢɬɦɚ (ɌɊ) ɢ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
- LF/HF (ɂȼȻ). Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚ ɜɫɩɥɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ – ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɂȼȻ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ
ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦɭ ɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ
(ɪɢɫ.2).
Ɋɢɫ.2. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȼɋɊ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ʏǤʑǤʐ˃˘˚ˋː˃ˋˇ˓ǤȀʠˎˑˉːˑ˔˕˟Ǥʟ˃ˊ˖ˏǤʞˑ˔˕ːˈˍˎ˃˔˔ˋˍ˃ǤΫʹͲͳ͵Ϋ͒ͶΫʠǤͳͶǦʹͲǤͳͺ
Ⱥ)
Ȼ)
Ɋɢɫ.3. Ⱥ - ȼɟɣɜɥɟɬ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ RR-ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɞɨ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨ-ɞɵɦɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ, Ȼ – ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ȼɋɊ (ɌɊ, LF/HF) ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ
ɝɚɡɨɜɨ-ɞɵɦɨɜɭɸ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɑɋɋ
(ɦɚɪɤɟɪ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ) ɢ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ Ɇɑɋ ɩɪɢ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɜɨ-ɞɵɦɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɟ (ɪɢɫ.3)
ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ, ɢɝɪɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ
ɢɝɪɵ, ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
[9].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ȼɋɊ ɜ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɝɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ: 1. ɗɬɚɩ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ
ɧɢɡɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɟ LF). ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɫ
ɫɢɦɩɚɬɨɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɨɜɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ.
2.
ɋɦɟɧɹɟɬ
ɷɬɨɬ
ɷɬɚɩ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ
ɂȼȻ) ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɢɬɦɚ (ɌɊ), ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɡɜɟɧɚ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ – ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɩɢɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ
ɝɢɩɨɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɨɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ.
ɉɨ
ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɣ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ
ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɌɊ ɢ ɂȼȻ ɭ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɛɵɥɢ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.
ȼ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ 4 ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ:
- ɩɨɫɚɞɤɚ – ɜɵɫɚɞɤɚ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ.
Ɇɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ
ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɟ –
ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
-ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪ.
Ɇɨɦɟɧɬɵ
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɢ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ
ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜɧɟɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɦɢ,
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪɚ (ɦɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɥɺɧɨɝɨ,
ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɠɺɥɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
-ɩɪɨɛɤɚ. Ɇɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ
ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɨɪɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɧɟɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɦ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɟɣɫɚ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
-ɦɚɧɺɜɪ. Ɇɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ,
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ:
ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ,
ɩɨɞɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɵ ɢ
ɞɪ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɦɢ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ȼɋɊ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ
ɪɚɡɧɵɟ
(ɩɨ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ) ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ
ɪɢɬɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɌɊ, VLF, LF, HF)
ʏǤʑǤʐ˃˘˚ˋː˃ˋˇ˓ǤȀʠˎˑˉːˑ˔˕˟Ǥʟ˃ˊ˖ˏǤʞˑ˔˕ːˈˍˎ˃˔˔ˋˍ˃ǤΫʹͲͳ͵Ϋ͒ͶΫʠǤͳͶǦʹͲǤͳͻ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ
ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɂȼȻ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧ. ɗɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ
ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ
ɜɵɲɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ȼɋɊ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
TP, ɦɫ2
VLF, ɦɫ2
LF, ɦɫ2
HF, ɦɫ2
LFn, %
HFn,%
LF/ HF
ɉɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
649,1 (313,0)
203,0 (117,5)
137,5 (78,9)
39,2 (12,8)
75,0 (8,7)
25,0 (8,7)
3,7 (2,3)
ɇɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
1396,2 (459,4)*
746,7 (479,2)*
423,7 (233,8)*
109,3 (38,9)*
75,6 (11,8)
24,4 (11,8)
4,3 (2,7)
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: * - ɪ<0,01.
ȼ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ȼɋɊ
ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ – ɦɚɧɺɜɪ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
(ɪɢɫ.4). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɜɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪ) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɌɊ ɢ ɂȼȻ –
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ.
Ɋɢɫ.4. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ȼɋɊ (ɌɊ, LF/HF) ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȼɋɊ,
ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵ
ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɜɚ,
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɚ: 1.
ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ȼɋɊ
(ɌɊ) ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ
(LF), ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɜɫɩɥɟɫɤɭ
ɫɢɦɩɚɬɨɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɨɜɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ;
2.
ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɂȼȻ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ȼɋɊ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɡɜɟɧɚ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
–
ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɩɢɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ȼɧɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ȼɋɊ ɢ ɂȼȻ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ.
Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɜ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ȼɋɊ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Acharya U.R., Kannathal N., Sing O.W.,
Ping L.Y., Chua T. 2004 Heart rate analysis in normal subjects of various age
groups // Biomed Eng Online. Jul. V. 20,
ʋ 3(1). P. 24.
2. Thayer J.F., Åhsc F., Fredriksonc M.,
Sollers J.J., Wagere T.D. 2012 A metaanalysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate
variability as a marker of stress and health.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
36, 747–756.
3. Ȼɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ɋ.Ɇ. 2004 Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɬɦɚ: ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ, ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ // Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ: ʋ
1(1). C. 54–64.
4. Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɧɳɢɤɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. // Ɇ.:ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɩɫɢɯɨ-ɥɨɝɢɢ ɊȺɇ; 2010, ɫ. 13-18.
5. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜ Ⱥ.Ʉ. , Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜ ɘ.ɂ., ɉɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɤɚɤ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ: ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. 2007. Ɍ.28. ʋ2. ɋ.106-113.
6. ɉɚɪɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʉɨɫɦɨɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ɏ.ɉ., Ⱦɭɲɤɨɜ Ȼ.Ⱥ. 1970 Ʉɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ // Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 220 ɫ.
7. ɉɚɪɢɧ ɋ.Ȼ. 2008 Ʌɸɞɢ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɜ
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ: ɧɟɣɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɫ-
ʏǤʑǤʐ˃˘˚ˋː˃ˋˇ˓ǤȀʠˎˑˉːˑ˔˕˟Ǥʟ˃ˊ˖ˏǤʞˑ˔˕ːˈˍˎ˃˔˔ˋˍ˃ǤΫʹͲͳ͵Ϋ͒ͶΫʠǤͳͶǦʹͲǤʹͲ
ɩɟɤɬ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɇȽɍ. Ɍ. 2, ɜɵɩ. 2. ɋ.
118–135.
8. ɉɚɪɢɧ ɋ.Ȼ., ɑɟɪɧɨɜɚ Ɇ.Ⱥ., ɉɨɥɟɜɚɹ
ɋ.Ⱥ. 2011 Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɨ ɪɚɫɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ: ɪɨɥɶ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɢɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ: ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ. Ɍ. 19, ʋ
6. ɋ. 65–73.
9. ɉɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɋ.Ⱥ., ɇɟɤɪɚɫɨɜɚ Ɇ.Ɇ., Ɋɭɧɨɜɚ
ȿ.ȼ., Ȼɚɯɱɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ƚɨɪɛɭɧɨɜɚ ɇ.Ⱥ.,
Ȼɪɹɧɰɟɜɚ ɇ.ȼ., Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., ɒɢɲɚɥɨɜ ɂ.ɋ., ɉɚɪɢɧ ɋ.Ȼ. Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɪɢɬɦɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ - Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɚɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ – ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ:
ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «Ɋɟɦɟɞɢɭɦ ɉɪɢɜɨɥɠɶɟ», ʋ 2
(26). - 2013. – ɋ. 151-155.
10. ɋɟɥɶɟ Ƚ. 1960 Ɉɱɟɪɤɢ ɨɛ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɟ / ɩɟɪ. ɫ ɚɧɝɥ. Ɇ. : Ɇɟɞɝɢɡ,. 275 c.
DYNAMICS OF CARDIAC VEGETATIVE REGULATION IN STRESS COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL
LOADS1
Bakhchina A.V., Parin S.B., Polevaya S.A.
Any sensory event causes a reaction in
four interrelated physiological modules: emotional, cognitive, motor and vegetative which
function is the optimal provision of resources
the previous three modules. Thus an excessive
load on the modules causes stress response.
Keywords: affective stressors, heart rate
variability,
vegetative
balance
index.
1
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ
ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ» ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ
ɞɨɤɥɚɞ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ.