;BHEH=BYFHJYlhfk406–408 M>D ;BHOBFBY OBFBQ?KDBCKHKL:<:GL:JDLBQ?KDHCFHJKDHCA<?A>U ODONTASTER VALIDUSB??J?:DPBYG:=EML:FBGH<MX BDBGMJ?GH<MXDBKEHLU1,2 ]L>`Zg_kdbKJZdmaZKms_\kdbc Hl^_e_gb_:glZjdlbq_kdhc[bheh]bbIhevkdZyZdZ^_fbygZmd MkljamkdZ<ZjrZ\ZIhevrZ _-mail: toja@dab.waw.pl; professor@dab.waw.pl KlZlvyijbgylZdi_qZlb] Mfhjkdhca\_a^uOdontaster validuskh^_j`Zgb_[_edZkhklZ\ey_lhlkmohcfZkku:fbghdbkehlguc khklZ\ oZjZdl_jbam_lky hq_gv \ukhdbf mjh\g_f ]ebpbgZ =emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ \ dhgp_gljZpbb 10ffheve\fhjkdhc\h^_\uau\Z_lm\_ebq_gb_kdhjhklbf_lZ[hebafZm]heh^guoO. validusWlZj_Zdpbymkbeb\Z_lky k m\_ebq_gb_f i_jbh^Z ]heh^Zgby >\moqZkh\h_ \ha^_ckl\b_ dbgmj_gh\hc dbkehlu \ dhgp_gljZpbb 0.1ffheve[ehdbjm_lj_ZdpbxgZ]emlZfbgh\mxdbkehlm Dexq_\u_keh\Z]emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZdbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZfhjkdZya\_a^ZOdontaster validus. Chemical composition of the Antarctic starfish Odontaster validus and its reaction to glutamic and kynurenic acids. T. Janecki, S. Rakusa-Suszczewski (Department of Antarctic Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ustrzycka 10/12, 02-141, Warsaw, Poland) The protein content in dry body mass of the starfish Odontaster validus is 30%. Amino acid composition is characterized by a very high level of glycine (27%). Glutamic acid in a concentration of 10 mmol/liter in sea water causes an increase in metabolic rate of starved O. validus. With increasing starvation period, this reaction is enhanced. A two-hour exposure to kynurenic acid in a concentration of 0.1 mmol/liter blocks reaction to glutamic acid. (Biologiya Morya, Vladivostok, 2004, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 406–408). Key words: glutamic acid, kynurenic acid, starfish, Odontaster validus. Odontaster validus .RHKOHU ± h^bg ba gZb[he__ fZkkh\uo \b^h\ fhjkdbo a\_a^ \ :^fbjZel_ckdhf aZeb\_ h\ Dhjhey =_hj]Z X`gu_ R_leZg^kdb_ hkljh\Z h[blZxsbc \ rbjhdhf ^bZiZahg_ ]em[bg Presler, Figielska, 1997). KujZyfZkkZl_eZO. validusfh`_l^hklb]Zlv]0F&OLQWRFN HWDOWlZfhjkdZya\_a^Z\k_y^gZghbgh]^Z\_^_lk_[y dZd obsgbd g_djhnZ] beb nblhnZ] 'HDUERUQ 0F&OLQWRFNHWDO>hkboihjobfbq_kdbckhklZ\l_eZwlh]h\b^Z g_ [ue ba\_kl_g Hkh[_gghklb ih\_^_gby b f_lZ[hebafZ O. validusbamq_guDb^Z\Z.LGDZDKh]eZkghgZ[ex^_gbyf -DQHFNL 5DNXVD6XV]F]HZVNL HW DO .LGDZD ]emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ hdZau\Z_l \ebygb_ gZ kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebq_kdbo ijhp_kkh\ m ZglZjdlbq_kdbo [_kiha\hghqguoHgZbaf_gy_lqZklhlmk_j^_qguokhdjZs_gbcby\ey_lky ijbqbghc baf_g_gby bo ih\_^_gby Hlf_q_gh lZd`_ qlh m fhjkdbo`b\hlguo]emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZb]jZ_l\Z`gmxjhev dZdobfbq_kdbcklbfmeylhj P_ev ^Zgghc jZ[hlu ± obfbq_kdbc ZgZeba O. validus b bamq_gb_j_Zdpbb^Zggh]h\b^ZgZ]emlZfbgh\mxbdbgmj_gh\mxdbkehlu FZl_jbZe b f_lh^bdZ Bkke_^h\Zgb_ ijh\h^beb \ yg\Zj_ ] gZ ZglZjdlbq_kdhc klZgpbb + $jdlh\kdbc b \ Ihevr_Hkh[_cOdontaster validuskh[jZgguogZ]em[bg_± fkh^_j`Zeb\Zd\ZjbmfZokfhjkdhc\h^hcijbl_fi_jZlmj_ ºK >ey ijh\_^_gby obfbq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ wda O. validus [ueb i_j_\_a_gu \ Ihevrm \ fhjkdhc \h^_ \ oheh^ghf dhgl_cg_j_ < l_q_gb_ kmlhqghc ljZgkihjlbjh\db `b\hlguo g_ dhjfbeb gh j_]meyjgh f_gyeb \h^m \ ljZgkihjlguoj_a_j\mZjZo<k_`b\hlgu_ijb[ueb\imgdlgZagZq_gby\ohjhr_fkhklhygbb 1 2 KmomxfZkkml_eZkh^_j`Zgb_[_edh\`bjh\wnbjguc wdkljZdl b aheu hij_^_eyeb k ihfhsvx klZg^Zjlguo f_lh^bd :H:K :fbghdbkehlguc khklZ\ ZgZebabjh\Zeb ihke_ijh\_^_gby]b^jhebaZqg+&Okbkihevah\Zgb_f Zfbghdbkehlgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZ %HFNPDQ lbi F_lbhgbg bpbkl_bghij_^_eyebihf_lh^mFhhjZ0RRUHljbilhnZg±ihf_lh^mW]]mfZ(JJXP Wdki_jbf_glu ih bkke_^h\Zgbx ^uoZgby ijh\h^beb \ oheh^ghceZ[hjZlhjbbgZklZgpbbG$jdlh\kdbcG_kdhevdhhkh[_cO. validuskh^_j`Zeb\]_jf_lbqghaZiZygguokl_deygguoj_a_j\mZjZo_fdhklvxfe\l_q_gb_q\ohjhrh Zwjbjh\Zgghcfhjkdhc\h^_ijbl_fi_jZlmj_ºKbkhe_ghklbÅIhlj_[e_gb_dbkehjh^Zhij_^_eyebhdkb^bf_ljhf :7:/) /]emlZfbgh\mx b dbgmj_gh\mx dbkehlu bkihevah\Zeb \ dhgp_gljZpbb b ffheve fhjkdhc \h^u khhl\_lkl\_gghIh^hiulguofhjkdboa\_a^g_dhjfbeb\l_q_gb_bg_^<h[s_ckeh`ghklbijh\_^_ghq_luj_\ZjbZglZwdki_jbf_glh\ih^uoZgbxO. validus. LZ[ebpZHkgh\ghcobfbq_kdbckhklZ\Odontaster validus IhdZaZl_ev FZkkZl_eZ] kujZy kmoZy ;_edb Ebib^u x ± SD 9.0±5.2 2.1±1.1 30.3±1.2 (n wda 3.3±0.3 AheZ 39.1±0.2 <ijhp_glZohlkmohcfZkkul_eZ I j b f _ q Z g b _A^_kvb\lZ[e: n±dhebq_kl\h`b\hlguowda JZ[hlZ\uiheg_gZijbnbgZgkh\hcih^^_j`d_]jZglZPO4F 023 25. I_j_\h^K<Ohlbfq_gdh 406 OBFBQ?KDBCKHKL:< 407 LZ[ebpZ:fbghdbkehlguckhklZ\]]N §]][_edZfhjkdhca\_a^uOdontaster validuskjZaghckujhcfZkkhcl_eZ Ij_^_eukujhcfZkku] :fbghdbkehlZ =ebpbg =emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZ :kiZjZ]bgh\ZydbkehlZ :j]bgbg E_cpbg :eZgbg K_jbg Ebabg Ijhebg <Zebg Lj_hgbg Bahe_cpbg N_gbeZeZgbg Lbjhabg =bklb^bg Pbklbg F_lbhgbg LjbilhnZg 3.9–4.9 6.3–8.5 14.9 21.2 x ± SD (n = 2) (n = 6) (n = 1) (n = 1) ( ) 24.41 11.24 9.10 5.99 5.70 5.19 4.97 5.16 4.19 4.35 4.22 3.45 3.25 3.10 1.63 1.53 1.65 – 28.84 11.49 9.24 6.08 5.42 5.29 5.15 5.19 4.59 4.20 4.23 3.33 3.08 3.07 1.64 1.46 1.60 0.82 26.72 11.38 9.08 6.10 5.32 5.48 5.32 5.02 4.60 4.15 4.18 3.24 3.04 2.95 1.56 1.55 1.55 0.84 28.10 11.37 8.92 6.25 5.74 5.43 5.20 5.28 4.53 4.37 4.20 3.51 3.08 3.14 1.62 1.5 1.51 0.9 27.02±1.95 11.37±0.10 9.09±0.13 6.11±0.11 5.55±0.21 5.35±0.13 5.16±0.15 5.16±0.11 4.48±0.19 4.27±0.11 4.21±0.02 3.38±0.12 3.11±0.09 3.07±0.08 1.61±0.04 1.51±0.04 1.57±0.04 0.85±0.04 J_amevlZlu b h[km`^_gb_ ;_edb khklZ\eyxl kmohc fZkku l_eZ fhjkdhc a\_a^u Odontaster validus lZ[e :fbghdbkehlguckhklZ\mijhZgZebabjh\Zgguowda_fieyjh\g_aZ\bkbfhhlbofZkkul_eZ[uekoh^gufHgoZjZdl_jbah\Zeky hq_gv \ukhdbf kh^_j`Zgb_f ]ebpbgZ gZ dhlhjuc ijboh^behkv\k_oZfbghdbkehllZ[eMjh\_gv]ebpbgZ[ue\jZaZ\ur_q_f\ijhl_bgZofur_qghcldZgbju[ &RZH\ HW DO b [he__ q_f \ jZa \ur_ q_f \ ldZgb djbey )HUJXVRQ 5D\PRQW Kh^_j`Zgb_ ^jm]bo Zfbghdbkehlmfhjkdboa\_a^ju[bdjbey[uehh^bgZdh\uf =heh^Zgb_hdZau\ZehaZf_lgh_\ebygb_gZkdhjhklvf_lZ[hebq_kdboijhp_kkh\mO. validusKh]eZkghDb^Z\Z.LGD ZDmgZdhjfe_gguofhjkdboa\_a^wlh]h\b^Zkdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ gZ \ur_ q_f m hkh[_c ]heh^Z\rbo \ l_q_gb_ h^gh]h f_kypZ JZg__ fu ihdZaZeb qlh ]emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZfh`_l[ulvibs_\ufZlljZdlZglhfbebj_i_ee_glhf ZlZd`_fh`_l\ebylvgZkdhjhklvf_lZ[hebq_kdboijhp_kkh\ b ih\_^_gb_ fgh]bo ZglZjdlbq_kdbo [_kiha\hghqguo )DQWD Kidawa, 1999; Janecki, 1999; Rakusa-Suszczewski et al., 1999; Kidawa, 2000). Ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_ihihlj_[e_gbxdbkehjh^ZihdZaZeb qlh /]emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ \ dhgp_gljZpbb ffheve m\_ebqb\Z_l kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ m O. validus q_f ^hevr_ i_jbh^ ]heh^Zgby l_f [hevr_ kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ lZ[e Ihke_g_^kh^_j`Zgbyfhjkdboa\_a^[_aibsbhgZ\hajhkeZ^hZkimklyg_^±^hKdhjhklvihlj_[e_gby dbkehjh^Ziheh`bl_evghdhjj_ebjm_lkfZkkhcl_eZm]heh^guobgZdhjfe_gguoO. validus.LGDZD<gZrbowdki_jbf_glZo ]heh^Z\rb_ g_^ `b\hlgu_ \ l_q_gb_ q ih^\_j]Zebkv\ha^_ckl\bxdbgmj_gh\hcdbkehluaZl_fhgb[ueb ihf_s_gu \ jZkl\hj /]emlZfbgh\hc dbkehlu Fu g_ h[gZjm`beb m\_ebq_gby kdhjhklb f_lZ[hebafZ m ^Zgguo hkh[_c \hlebqb_hl`b\hlguoih^\_j]Z\rboky\ha^_ckl\bxlhevdh ]emlZfbgh\hcdbkehlulZ[e Ih^h[gu_ j_Zdpbb hlf_q_gu m g_djhnZ]Z ZglZjdlbq_kdhc Zfnbih^u Abyssorchomene plebs (Janecki, Rakusa6XV]F]HZVNL \ i_qZlb Dbgmj_gh\Zy dbkehlZ kZfZ ih k_[_ g_ \uau\Z_l dZdboeb[h baf_g_gbc gb \kdhjhklb f_lZ[hebafZgb\ih\_^_gbbO. validus.LGDZDHkgh\u\Zykv gZ ihemq_gguo j_amevlZlZo fh`gh k^_eZlv \u\h^ h lhf qlhdbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZ\dhgp_gljZpbbffheve[ehdbjm_l j_p_ilhju ]emlZfbgh\hc dbkehlu m fhjkdbo a\_a^ Wlh ih^l\_j`^Z_l ]bihl_am ba dhlhjhc ke_^m_l qlh /]emlZfb gh\Zy dbkehlZ y\ey_lky i_j_ghkqbdhf bgnhjfZpbb b]jZ_l \Z`gmxjhev\ljhnho_fhj_p_ipbbmbkke_^h\ZgguoZglZjdlbq_kdbo`b\hlguo LZ[ebpZ KujZy fZkkZ l_eZ Ww kdhjhklv ^uoZgby R b kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ MR m Odontaster validus ihke_ bg_^_evgh]h]heh^Zgby <ZjbZglwdki_jbf_glZ =heh^Zgb_g_^ =heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve =heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve =heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve ihke_Kynffheve Ww±SD] R±SDff3 O2bg^q MR±SDff3 O2]q 21.3±6.0 27.4±7.9 20.6±5.9 128.5±58.5 217.2±65.4 199.5±61.2 5.94±1.87 7.99±1.61 9.68±1.36 20.5±1.1 113.2±46.7 5.47±2.06 I j b f _ q Z g b _Glu±]emlZfbgh\ZybKyn±dbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZ ;BHEH=BYFHJYlhf 408 >@:G?KDB, J:DMA:-KMS?<KDBC :\lhju \ujZ`Zxl [eZ]h^Zjghklv \k_f qe_gZf ;;9 IhevkdhcZglZjdlbq_kdhcwdki_^bpbb±]]aZl_ogbq_kdmxihfhsv KIBKHD EBL?J:LMJU AOAC. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists: 15th ed. Washington. 1990. Ch. 32. Cowey C.B., Daisley K.W., Parry G. Study of amino acids, free or as components of protein, and of some B vitamins in the tissue of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, during spawning migration // Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1962. Vol. 7. P. 29–38. Dearborn J.H. Food and feeding characteristics of Antarctic asteroids and ophiuroids // Adaptations within Antarctic ecosystems. Houston: Gulf Publishing. 1977. P. 293–326. Eggum B.O. Determination of tryptophan // Acta Agric. Scand. 1968. Vol. 18. P. 127–131. Fanta E., Kidawa A. The effect of amino acids and amphipod extract on the respiratory metabolism of the Antarctic spiny plunderfish, Harpagifer antarcticus (Nybelin, 1947) // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46, no. 3–4. P. 297–302. Ferguson C.F., Raymont J.K.B. Biochemical studies on marine zooplankton. XII. Further investigations on Euphausia superba Dana // J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 1974. Vol. 54. P. 719–725. Janecki T. Reactions of Antarctic sea urchins Sterechinus neumayeri (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) to glutamic acid and glucose // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46, no. 3–4. P. 325–330. Kidawa A. Chemoreception in Branchinecta gaini (Anostraca, Crustacea) – the impact of glutamic and kynurenic acids // Pol. Polar Stud. XXVII Polar Symp. 2000. P. 61–64. Kidawa A. Antarctic starfish, Odontaster validus, distinguish between fed and starved conspecifics // Polar Biol. 2001. Vol. 24. P. 408–410. Kidawa A. Behawioralne i metaboliczne reakcje antarktycznej rozgwiazdy Odontaster validus .RHKOHU Z\ZRáDQH UHFHSFM V\JQDáyZ WURIRFKHPLF]Q\FK VW HG =%$ 3$1 2002. (In Polish). McClintock J.B., Pears J.S., Bosh I. Population structure and energetics of the shallow-water antarctic sea star Odontaster validus in contrasting habitats // Mar. Biol. 1988. Vol. 99. P. 235–246. Moore S. On the determination of cysteine and cysteic acid // J. Biochem. Chem. 1963. Vol. 238. P. 235–237. Presler P., Figielska E. New data on the Asteroidea of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands // Pol. Polar. Res. 1997. Vol. 18. P. 107–117. Rakusa-Suszczewski S., Kidawa A., Janecki T. The effect of amino acids on the respiration and hart beat of necrophagous Antarctic amphipods // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46, no. 1. P. 3–8. ;BHEH=BYFHJYlhf