OBFBQ?KDBCKHKL:<:GL:JDLBQ?KDHCFHJKDHCA<?A>U B??J?:DPBYG:=EML:FBGH<MX BDBGMJ?GH<MXDBKEHLU ODONTASTER

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ODONTASTER VALIDUSB??J?:DPBYG:=EML:FBGH<MX
BDBGMJ?GH<MXDBKEHLU1,2
‹]L>`Zg_kdbKJZdmaZKms_\kdbc
Hl^_e_gb_:glZjdlbq_kdhc[bheh]bbIhevkdZyZdZ^_fbygZmd
MkljamkdZ<ZjrZ\ZIhevrZ
_-mail: toja@dab.waw.pl; professor@dab.waw.pl
KlZlvyijbgylZdi_qZlb]
Mfhjkdhca\_a^uOdontaster validuskh^_j`Zgb_[_edZkhklZ\ey_lhlkmohcfZkku:fbghdbkehlguc
khklZ\ oZjZdl_jbam_lky hq_gv \ukhdbf mjh\g_f ]ebpbgZ =emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ \ dhgp_gljZpbb
10ffheve\fhjkdhc\h^_\uau\Z_lm\_ebq_gb_kdhjhklbf_lZ[hebafZm]heh^guoO. validusWlZj_Zdpbymkbeb\Z_lky k m\_ebq_gb_f i_jbh^Z ]heh^Zgby >\moqZkh\h_ \ha^_ckl\b_ dbgmj_gh\hc dbkehlu \ dhgp_gljZpbb
0.1ffheve[ehdbjm_lj_ZdpbxgZ]emlZfbgh\mxdbkehlm
Dexq_\u_keh\Z]emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZdbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZfhjkdZya\_a^ZOdontaster validus.
Chemical composition of the Antarctic starfish Odontaster validus and its reaction to glutamic and kynurenic
acids. T. Janecki, S. Rakusa-Suszczewski (Department of Antarctic Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ustrzycka
10/12, 02-141, Warsaw, Poland)
The protein content in dry body mass of the starfish Odontaster validus is 30%. Amino acid composition is characterized by a very high level of glycine (27%). Glutamic acid in a concentration of 10 mmol/liter in sea water causes an
increase in metabolic rate of starved O. validus. With increasing starvation period, this reaction is enhanced. A two-hour
exposure to kynurenic acid in a concentration of 0.1 mmol/liter blocks reaction to glutamic acid. (Biologiya Morya,
Vladivostok, 2004, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 406–408).
Key words: glutamic acid, kynurenic acid, starfish, Odontaster validus.
Odontaster validus .RHKOHU ± h^bg ba gZb[he__
fZkkh\uo \b^h\ fhjkdbo a\_a^ \ :^fbjZel_ckdhf aZeb\_
h\ Dhjhey =_hj]Z X`gu_ R_leZg^kdb_ hkljh\Z h[blZxsbc \ rbjhdhf ^bZiZahg_ ]em[bg Presler, Figielska, 1997).
KujZyfZkkZl_eZO. validusfh`_l^hklb]Zlv]0F&OLQWRFN
HWDOWlZfhjkdZya\_a^Z\k_y^gZghbgh]^Z\_^_lk_[y
dZd obsgbd g_djhnZ] beb nblhnZ] 'HDUERUQ 0F&OLQWRFNHWDO>hkboihjobfbq_kdbckhklZ\l_eZwlh]h\b^Z g_ [ue ba\_kl_g Hkh[_gghklb ih\_^_gby b f_lZ[hebafZ
O. validusbamq_guDb^Z\Z.LGDZDKh]eZkghgZ[ex^_gbyf -DQHFNL 5DNXVD6XV]F]HZVNL HW DO .LGDZD
]emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ hdZau\Z_l \ebygb_ gZ kdhjhklv
f_lZ[hebq_kdbo ijhp_kkh\ m ZglZjdlbq_kdbo [_kiha\hghqguoHgZbaf_gy_lqZklhlmk_j^_qguokhdjZs_gbcby\ey_lky
ijbqbghc baf_g_gby bo ih\_^_gby Hlf_q_gh lZd`_ qlh m
fhjkdbo`b\hlguo]emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZb]jZ_l\Z`gmxjhev
dZdobfbq_kdbcklbfmeylhj
P_ev ^Zgghc jZ[hlu ± obfbq_kdbc ZgZeba O. validus b
bamq_gb_j_Zdpbb^Zggh]h\b^ZgZ]emlZfbgh\mxbdbgmj_gh\mxdbkehlu
FZl_jbZe b f_lh^bdZ Bkke_^h\Zgb_ ijh\h^beb \ yg\Zj_ ] gZ ZglZjdlbq_kdhc klZgpbb + $jdlh\kdbc b \
Ihevr_Hkh[_cOdontaster validuskh[jZgguogZ]em[bg_±
fkh^_j`Zeb\Zd\ZjbmfZokfhjkdhc\h^hcijbl_fi_jZlmj_ ºK >ey ijh\_^_gby obfbq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ wda
O. validus [ueb i_j_\_a_gu \ Ihevrm \ fhjkdhc \h^_ \ oheh^ghf dhgl_cg_j_ < l_q_gb_ kmlhqghc ljZgkihjlbjh\db
`b\hlguo g_ dhjfbeb gh j_]meyjgh f_gyeb \h^m \ ljZgkihjlguoj_a_j\mZjZo<k_`b\hlgu_ijb[ueb\imgdlgZagZq_gby\ohjhr_fkhklhygbb
1
2
KmomxfZkkml_eZkh^_j`Zgb_[_edh\`bjh\wnbjguc
wdkljZdl b aheu hij_^_eyeb k ihfhsvx klZg^Zjlguo f_lh^bd :H:K :fbghdbkehlguc khklZ\ ZgZebabjh\Zeb
ihke_ijh\_^_gby]b^jhebaZqg+&Okbkihevah\Zgb_f
Zfbghdbkehlgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZ %HFNPDQ lbi F_lbhgbg
bpbkl_bghij_^_eyebihf_lh^mFhhjZ0RRUHljbilhnZg±ihf_lh^mW]]mfZ(JJXP
Wdki_jbf_glu ih bkke_^h\Zgbx ^uoZgby ijh\h^beb \
oheh^ghceZ[hjZlhjbbgZklZgpbbG$jdlh\kdbcG_kdhevdhhkh[_cO. validuskh^_j`Zeb\]_jf_lbqghaZiZygguokl_deygguoj_a_j\mZjZo_fdhklvxfe\l_q_gb_q\ohjhrh
Zwjbjh\Zgghcfhjkdhc\h^_ijbl_fi_jZlmj_ºKbkhe_ghklbÅIhlj_[e_gb_dbkehjh^Zhij_^_eyebhdkb^bf_ljhf
:7:/) /]emlZfbgh\mx b dbgmj_gh\mx dbkehlu bkihevah\Zeb \ dhgp_gljZpbb b ffheve fhjkdhc \h^u
khhl\_lkl\_gghIh^hiulguofhjkdboa\_a^g_dhjfbeb\l_q_gb_bg_^<h[s_ckeh`ghklbijh\_^_ghq_luj_\ZjbZglZwdki_jbf_glh\ih^uoZgbxO. validus.
LZ[ebpZHkgh\ghcobfbq_kdbckhklZ\Odontaster validus
IhdZaZl_ev
FZkkZl_eZ]
kujZy
kmoZy
;_edb Ebib^u
x ± SD
9.0±5.2 2.1±1.1 30.3±1.2
(n wda
3.3±0.3
AheZ
39.1±0.2
<ijhp_glZohlkmohcfZkkul_eZ
I j b f _ q Z g b _A^_kvb\lZ[e: n±dhebq_kl\h`b\hlguowda
JZ[hlZ\uiheg_gZijbnbgZgkh\hcih^^_j`d_]jZglZ‹PO4F 023 25.
I_j_\h^K<Ohlbfq_gdh
406
OBFBQ?KDBCKHKL:<
407
LZ[ebpZ:fbghdbkehlguckhklZ\]]N §]][_edZfhjkdhca\_a^uOdontaster validuskjZaghckujhcfZkkhcl_eZ
Ij_^_eukujhcfZkku]
:fbghdbkehlZ
=ebpbg
=emlZfbgh\ZydbkehlZ
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3.9–4.9
6.3–8.5
14.9
21.2
x ± SD
(n = 2)
(n = 6)
(n = 1)
(n = 1)
(™ )
24.41
11.24
9.10
5.99
5.70
5.19
4.97
5.16
4.19
4.35
4.22
3.45
3.25
3.10
1.63
1.53
1.65
–
28.84
11.49
9.24
6.08
5.42
5.29
5.15
5.19
4.59
4.20
4.23
3.33
3.08
3.07
1.64
1.46
1.60
0.82
26.72
11.38
9.08
6.10
5.32
5.48
5.32
5.02
4.60
4.15
4.18
3.24
3.04
2.95
1.56
1.55
1.55
0.84
28.10
11.37
8.92
6.25
5.74
5.43
5.20
5.28
4.53
4.37
4.20
3.51
3.08
3.14
1.62
1.5
1.51
0.9
27.02±1.95
11.37±0.10
9.09±0.13
6.11±0.11
5.55±0.21
5.35±0.13
5.16±0.15
5.16±0.11
4.48±0.19
4.27±0.11
4.21±0.02
3.38±0.12
3.11±0.09
3.07±0.08
1.61±0.04
1.51±0.04
1.57±0.04
0.85±0.04
J_amevlZlu b h[km`^_gb_ ;_edb khklZ\eyxl kmohc fZkku l_eZ fhjkdhc a\_a^u Odontaster validus lZ[e :fbghdbkehlguckhklZ\mijhZgZebabjh\Zgguowda_fieyjh\g_aZ\bkbfhhlbofZkkul_eZ[uekoh^gufHgoZjZdl_jbah\Zeky hq_gv \ukhdbf kh^_j`Zgb_f ]ebpbgZ gZ dhlhjuc
ijboh^behkv\k_oZfbghdbkehllZ[eMjh\_gv]ebpbgZ[ue\jZaZ\ur_q_f\ijhl_bgZofur_qghcldZgbju[
&RZH\ HW DO b [he__ q_f \ jZa \ur_ q_f \ ldZgb
djbey )HUJXVRQ 5D\PRQW Kh^_j`Zgb_ ^jm]bo Zfbghdbkehlmfhjkdboa\_a^ju[bdjbey[uehh^bgZdh\uf
=heh^Zgb_hdZau\ZehaZf_lgh_\ebygb_gZkdhjhklvf_lZ[hebq_kdboijhp_kkh\mO. validusKh]eZkghDb^Z\Z.LGD
ZDmgZdhjfe_gguofhjkdboa\_a^wlh]h\b^Zkdhjhklv
f_lZ[hebafZ gZ \ur_ q_f m hkh[_c ]heh^Z\rbo \ l_q_gb_ h^gh]h f_kypZ JZg__ fu ihdZaZeb qlh ]emlZfbgh\Zy
dbkehlZfh`_l[ulvibs_\ufZlljZdlZglhfbebj_i_ee_glhf
ZlZd`_fh`_l\ebylvgZkdhjhklvf_lZ[hebq_kdboijhp_kkh\
b ih\_^_gb_ fgh]bo ZglZjdlbq_kdbo [_kiha\hghqguo )DQWD
Kidawa, 1999; Janecki, 1999; Rakusa-Suszczewski et al., 1999;
Kidawa, 2000).
Ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_ihihlj_[e_gbxdbkehjh^ZihdZaZeb qlh /]emlZfbgh\Zy dbkehlZ \ dhgp_gljZpbb ffheve
m\_ebqb\Z_l kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ m O. validus q_f ^hevr_
i_jbh^ ]heh^Zgby l_f [hevr_ kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ lZ[e
Ihke_g_^kh^_j`Zgbyfhjkdboa\_a^[_aibsbhgZ\hajhkeZ^hZkimklyg_^±^hKdhjhklvihlj_[e_gby
dbkehjh^Ziheh`bl_evghdhjj_ebjm_lkfZkkhcl_eZm]heh^guobgZdhjfe_gguoO. validus.LGDZD<gZrbowdki_jbf_glZo ]heh^Z\rb_ g_^ `b\hlgu_ \ l_q_gb_ q ih^\_j]Zebkv\ha^_ckl\bxdbgmj_gh\hcdbkehluaZl_fhgb[ueb
ihf_s_gu \ jZkl\hj /]emlZfbgh\hc dbkehlu Fu g_ h[gZjm`beb m\_ebq_gby kdhjhklb f_lZ[hebafZ m ^Zgguo hkh[_c
\hlebqb_hl`b\hlguoih^\_j]Z\rboky\ha^_ckl\bxlhevdh
]emlZfbgh\hcdbkehlulZ[e
Ih^h[gu_ j_Zdpbb hlf_q_gu m g_djhnZ]Z ZglZjdlbq_kdhc Zfnbih^u Abyssorchomene plebs (Janecki, Rakusa6XV]F]HZVNL \ i_qZlb Dbgmj_gh\Zy dbkehlZ kZfZ ih
k_[_ g_ \uau\Z_l dZdboeb[h baf_g_gbc gb \kdhjhklb f_lZ[hebafZgb\ih\_^_gbbO. validus.LGDZDHkgh\u\Zykv gZ ihemq_gguo j_amevlZlZo fh`gh k^_eZlv \u\h^ h lhf
qlhdbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZ\dhgp_gljZpbbffheve[ehdbjm_l j_p_ilhju ]emlZfbgh\hc dbkehlu m fhjkdbo a\_a^ Wlh
ih^l\_j`^Z_l ]bihl_am ba dhlhjhc ke_^m_l qlh /]emlZfb
gh\Zy dbkehlZ y\ey_lky i_j_ghkqbdhf bgnhjfZpbb b]jZ_l
\Z`gmxjhev\ljhnho_fhj_p_ipbbmbkke_^h\ZgguoZglZjdlbq_kdbo`b\hlguo
LZ[ebpZ KujZy fZkkZ l_eZ Ww kdhjhklv ^uoZgby R b kdhjhklv f_lZ[hebafZ MR m Odontaster validus ihke_ bg_^_evgh]h]heh^Zgby
<ZjbZglwdki_jbf_glZ
=heh^Zgb_g_^
=heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve
=heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve
=heh^Zgb_g_^L-Gluffheve
ihke_Kynffheve
Ww±SD]
R±SDff3 O2bg^q
MR±SDff3 O2]q
21.3±6.0
27.4±7.9
20.6±5.9
128.5±58.5
217.2±65.4
199.5±61.2
5.94±1.87
7.99±1.61
9.68±1.36
20.5±1.1
113.2±46.7
5.47±2.06
I j b f _ q Z g b _Glu±]emlZfbgh\ZybKyn±dbgmj_gh\ZydbkehlZ
;BHEH=BYFHJYlhf‹
408
>@:G?KDB, J:DMA:-KMS?<KDBC
:\lhju \ujZ`Zxl [eZ]h^Zjghklv \k_f qe_gZf ;;9
IhevkdhcZglZjdlbq_kdhcwdki_^bpbb±]]aZl_ogbq_kdmxihfhsv
KIBKHD EBL?J:LMJU
AOAC. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists: 15th ed. Washington. 1990. Ch. 32.
Cowey C.B., Daisley K.W., Parry G. Study of amino acids, free
or as components of protein, and of some B vitamins in
the tissue of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, during
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Dearborn J.H. Food and feeding characteristics of Antarctic asteroids and ophiuroids // Adaptations within Antarctic ecosystems. Houston: Gulf Publishing. 1977. P. 293–326.
Eggum B.O. Determination of tryptophan // Acta Agric. Scand.
1968. Vol. 18. P. 127–131.
Fanta E., Kidawa A. The effect of amino acids and amphipod extract on the respiratory metabolism of the Antarctic spiny
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Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46, no. 3–4. P. 297–302.
Ferguson C.F., Raymont J.K.B. Biochemical studies on marine
zooplankton. XII. Further investigations on Euphausia superba Dana // J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 1974. Vol. 54.
P. 719–725.
Janecki T. Reactions of Antarctic sea urchins Sterechinus neumayeri (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) to glutamic acid and
glucose // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46, no. 3–4.
P. 325–330.
Kidawa A. Chemoreception in Branchinecta gaini (Anostraca,
Crustacea) – the impact of glutamic and kynurenic acids //
Pol. Polar Stud. XXVII Polar Symp. 2000. P. 61–64.
Kidawa A. Antarctic starfish, Odontaster validus, distinguish between fed and starved conspecifics // Polar Biol. 2001.
Vol. 24. P. 408–410.
Kidawa A. Behawioralne i metaboliczne reakcje antarktycznej
rozgwiazdy Odontaster validus .RHKOHU Z\ZRáDQH
UHFHSFM V\JQDáyZ WURIRFKHPLF]Q\FK VW HG =%$ 3$1
2002. (In Polish).
McClintock J.B., Pears J.S., Bosh I. Population structure and energetics of the shallow-water antarctic sea star Odontaster
validus in contrasting habitats // Mar. Biol. 1988. Vol. 99.
P. 235–246.
Moore S. On the determination of cysteine and cysteic acid // J.
Biochem. Chem. 1963. Vol. 238. P. 235–237.
Presler P., Figielska E. New data on the Asteroidea of Admiralty
Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands // Pol.
Polar. Res. 1997. Vol. 18. P. 107–117.
Rakusa-Suszczewski S., Kidawa A., Janecki T. The effect of amino
acids on the respiration and hart beat of necrophagous Antarctic amphipods // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 1999. Vol. 46,
no. 1. P. 3–8.
;BHEH=BYFHJYlhf‹
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