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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 721, 2006
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /29/
Â.Í. Ìåëüíèêîâ, Â.À. Ëèòâèíîâ, Â.Ò. Êîïïå ...
Îá èñïîëüçîâàíèè ìåòîäà ÌÑÂÈ äëÿ ...
ɍȾɄ 537.534.8:577.15
ɈȻ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂɂ ɆȿɌɈȾȺ Ɇɋȼɂ ȾɅə ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə
ȼɁȺɂɆɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɂə ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɈȼ ȻɂɈɋȿɇɋɈɊȺ ɇȺ ȽɅɘɄɈɁɍ
ȼ.ɇ. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʌɢɬɜɢɧɨɜ, ȼ.Ɍ. Ʉɨɩɩɟ, ȼ.ȼ. Ȼɨɛɤɨɜ, ȼ.ȼ. Ɍɨɜɫɬɹɤ
ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ. ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɚɪɚɡɢɧɚ, ɩɥ. ɋɜɨɛɨɞɵ, 4, ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ 61077
E-mail: plip@lin.com.ua
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 13 ɦɚɪɬɚ 2006 ɝ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ
ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ (ɢɥɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ) ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ɉɪɨɛɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ “ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ + ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɜ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ”, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɨɣ, ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ). Ƚɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɢɤɚɦ ɟɟ ɞɟɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ “ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ + ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɜ
Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ” ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ, ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ, ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɵ. Ȼɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɵ – ɷɬɨ
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ [1]. Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ [2, 3]. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ
ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɚɯ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ. ɗɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɨɣ (ȽɈ) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ:
E D ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ O 2 ȽɈ
o D ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɥɚɤɬɨɧ H 2 O 2 ;
D ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɥɚɤɬɨɧ H 2 O 
o D ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ.
(1)
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɨɜ, ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɟ
ɢɥɢ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ (Ɇɋȼɂ) ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɥ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
ɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ [4–6]. Ɉɧ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ; ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ
ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɟɬɨɞ Ɇɋȼɂ ɟɳɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ (ɜɨɞɧɨɣ) ɫɪɟɞɟ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ Ɇɋȼɂ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ (ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɨɣ) ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ (ɢɥɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ) ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ “ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ + ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɜ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ”, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ.
ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɂ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɕ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ (ɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ) ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɢɡ ɫɥɚɛɨɥɟɬɭɱɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ [7, 8]. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ:
ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛóɥɶɲɢɯ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Ɇɋȼɂ [9], ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ,
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ (ɧɟ ɫɜɟɪɯɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ) ɜɚɤɭɭɦɟ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ:
ɚ) ɨɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɭɸ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɚ (ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ~ 10-2 ɉɚ);
ɛ) ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɪɦɵ “Vaishali Pharmaceuticals” (ɂɧɞɢɹ), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ – 0,175 %, ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ – ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,0005 %, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ – ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,0001 %.
96
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 721, 2006
Â.Í. Ìåëüíèêîâ, Â.À. Ëèòâèíîâ, Â.Ò. Êîïïå ...
I, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ 100 ɦɆ
Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɫ pH 7,3–7,4. Ȼɭɮɟɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ Na2HPO4
(100 ɦɆ, 4 ɱɚɫɬɢ) ɢ NaH2PO4 (100 ɦɆ, 1 ɱɚɫɬɶ). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɑȾȺ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ D-ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɭ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ D-ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɏɑ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ
ɢɡ Aspergillus niger. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ – 181,5 ɟɞ/ɦɝ; ɨɞɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ 1 ɦɤɦɨɥɶ
ȕ-D-ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ D-ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɥɚɤɬɨɧ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ. ɇɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ – ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (C6H12O7) – ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ. Ƚɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɫɨ ɳɚɜɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ
Ca(C6H11O7)2 + C2H2O4 = 2C6H12O7 + CaC2O4 p,
ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɞɨ 50%-ɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɛɵ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ Ɇɋȼɂ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1 : 5,6.
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ Cr (m = 12 Ⱦɚ)* ɢ CHr (m = 13 Ⱦɚ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɚɛɨ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ C – ɢ CH – ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ2
10000
ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɛɪɨɦɬɢɦɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ.
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ [10], ɢɡɦɟ1
ɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ
ɞɥɹ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ, ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɛɪɨɦɬɢɦɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
1000
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɤɚ
100
ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɩɢɤɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸ0,1
1
10
ɳɢɯ ɢɨɧɚɦ ɫ m = 12 Ⱦɚ ɢ m = 13 Ⱦɚ.
C, ɦɆ
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ C – (1) ɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ,
CH – (2) ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɛɪɨɦ- ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɬɢɦɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ
ɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɛɵɥɢ ɛɵ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɜɵɛɢɬɵɯ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [11]. ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ (ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɷɬɨ ɢɨɧɵ C3H7O3 – (m = 91 Ⱦɚ); ((C3H8O3)2 – H) – ɢ ɞɪ.; ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ –
(C3H8O3)H+ (m = 93 Ⱦɚ); (C3H8O3)2H+ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɜɵɛɨɪ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (Ob) ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ
ɦɚɫɫɟ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ (Gl), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɣ
r
r
r
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ “ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ” – K Ob
/ Gl ( mi ) I Ob ( mi ) / I Gl ( mi ) . ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
r
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ K Ob
/ Gl ( mi ) , ɬɟɦ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɨɧɚ ɫ
ɦɚɫɫɨɣ mi ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɩɪɨɛ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɫɫɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ (Buf) ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɨɧɵ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɟ
ɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɤɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɟɫɥɢ K Ob
/ Buf ( mi ) > K Ob / Buf (93) ɢɥɢ K Ob / Buf ( mi ) >
> K Ob
/ Buf (91) . ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɟɧ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɨɧɵ Ar+ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ 16 ɤɷȼ. Ɍɨɤ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɛɨ* Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɨ, ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
97
Îá èñïîëüçîâàíèè ìåòîäà ÌÑÂÈ äëÿ ...
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /29/
ɬɟ [12], ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ 0,025 ɦɤȺ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɨɛɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ~ 10 u 1,7 ɦɦ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ 0,15 ɦɤȺ/ɫɦ2. Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ 1–300 Ⱦɚ. ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ.
ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɂ ɈȻɋɍɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ: Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɵɣ ɛɭɮɟɪ (C = 100 ɦɆ), ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ
(T = 1,86 ˜ 10-3 ɝ/ɦɥ), ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ (C = 300 ɦɆ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (C = 300 ɦɆ).
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɨɥɛɱɚɬɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ 100 ɦɆ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ, ɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ 100 ɦɆ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɵɲɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ. Ʉ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɨɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɢɨɧɵ, ɞɥɹ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
K Buf
/ Gl ( mi ) > 2 ɢ I t 100 ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ. Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɦɚɫɫ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɢ 3 ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ 200 Ⱦɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɡɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɢɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ.
ɂɡ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ
(m = 12; 13; 16; 17; 24; 25 Ⱦɚ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ, ɷɬɨ
ɢɨɧɵ ɫ m = 63 Ⱦɚ – PO2 –, m = 79 Ⱦɚ – PO3 –, m = 97 Ⱦɚ – H2PO4 – (ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ), ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɨɧɵ ɫ m = 189 Ⱦɚ – (C3H8O3)H2PO4 –, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ
H2PO4 – ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ NaH2PO4 ɛɭɮɟɪɚ. ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɟɦ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɛɵ
ɛɭɮɟɪɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ.
180000
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɨ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ
160000
140000
I, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
m, Ⱦɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ 100 ɦɆ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɢɤɚ
ɢɨɧɨɜ H – (m = 1 Ⱦɚ) ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɚ ɜ 20 ɪɚɡ; ɩɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ O – (m = 16 Ⱦɚ) ɢ OH – (m = 17 Ⱦɚ) – ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ; ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɦɚɫɫ 100–200 Ⱦɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɵ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ Ɇɋȼɂ ɩɪɨɛɚ
ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1 : 5,6
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɨ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ
25000
I, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
m, Ⱦɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɇɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ 100 ɦɆ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ (ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛ
ɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2, ɩɪɢ K Buf / Gl (mi ) > 2 ɢ I t 100 ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.). ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɢɤɚ ɢɨ-
ɧɨɜ H – (m = 1 Ⱦɚ) ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɚ ɜ 100 ɪɚɡ; ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɦɚɫɫ 100–200 Ⱦɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɵ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ
98
«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 721, 2006
Â.Í. Ìåëüíèêîâ, Â.À. Ëèòâèíîâ, Â.Ò. Êîïïå ...
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɪɚɜɟɧ 196,16 Ⱦɚ; ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɨɧɵ ɞɟɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ [(C6H12O7) – H] – (m = 195 Ⱦɚ) ɢ
[(13CC5H12O7) – H] – (m = 196 Ⱦɚ). ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɦɚɫɫ m = 195, 196 Ⱦɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɨɧɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 3).
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɛ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ (C = 300 ɦɆ) ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɊɢɫ. 4. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ
ɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ (T = 1,86 ˜ 10-3 ɝ/ɦɥ) ɜ 100 ɦɆ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ. ȼ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɷɬɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɦɚɫɫ 195, 196 Ⱦɚ. ȼ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ (ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɢɤ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 6). ɗɬɨ ɩɢɤ ɢɨɧɨɜ [(C6H12O6) – H] – (m = 179 Ⱦɚ) – ɞɟɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ. ȼ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɨɧɵ CN – (m = 26 Ⱦɚ) ɢ CON – (m = 42 Ⱦɚ). ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɫ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ 195 ɢ 196 Ⱦɚ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ.
20000
2500
2000
I, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
I, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
15000
10000
5000
1500
1000
500
0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
m, Ⱦɚ
m, Ⱦɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ (300 ɦɆ). ɉɪɨɛɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɞɥɹ Ɇɋȼɂ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1 : 5,6
Ɋɢɫ. 6. Ɇɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ (ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5)
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ (1 : 5,6)
ɩɪɨɛɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɭ (1,86 ˜ 10-3 ɝ/ɦɥ) ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ (300 ɦɆ) ɜ
100 ɦɆ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɫɹ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ 3,72 ˜ 10-3 ɝ/ɦɥ ɢ 600 ɦɆ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1 : 1. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ
600 ɦɆ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ D-ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 24 ɱ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɭɬɚɪɨɬɚɰɢɢ D-ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ [13]. ȼɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 30 ɦɢɧ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ
ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɟ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɛ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ
m, Ⱦɚ
179
183
189
195
196
Ȼɭɮɟɪ
930
15000
2200
430
80
ȽɈ
1000
33000
3000
370
100
I, ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ
ȽɈ+Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ
2900
1600
22000
21000
2700
2700
430
3400
60
280
ȽɈ+Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ*
2800
27000
2700
400
100
* ɋɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ
[(C6H12O6) – H] –
[(C3H8O3)2 – H] –
(C3H8O3)H2PO4 –
[(C6H12O7) – H] –
[(13ɋC5H12O7) – H] –
99
Îá èñïîëüçîâàíèè ìåòîäà ÌÑÂÈ äëÿ ...
ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 1 /29/
ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ –
ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (m = 195, 196 Ⱦɚ). Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɤɚ ɢɨɧɨɜ [(C6H12O7) – H] – ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ
ɫ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ K ȽɄ
/ Ȼɭɮ (195) | 7,9. Ɇɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɩɢɤ ɢɨɧɨɜ [(C6H12O6) – H] –. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɚ ɩɨ
ɛɭɮɟɪɭ K Ƚɥɸɤ
/ Ȼɭɮ (179) | 3,1. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɚ ɢɨɧɨɜ [(C6H12O6) – H] – ɫ 2900 ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ.
(ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ) ɞɨ 1600 ɨɬɧ. ɟɞ. ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.).
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ: ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ
(3,72 ˜ 10-3 ɝ/ɦɥ) ɜɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1 : 11,2, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ
ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ (600 ɦɆ) ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɛɚ-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 1 : 5,6. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
60 ɦɢɧ., ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɟɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ Ɇɋȼɂ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɤɨɜ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫ m = 195 Ⱦɚ ɢ m = 196 Ⱦɚ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɢɤɨɜ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.). ɗɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɟ.
ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 7, ɚ–ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ (m = 192–197 Ⱦɚ) ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ
ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ. Ɋɢɫ. 7, ɚ, ɛ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ 50 ɦɆ ɢ 100 ɦɆ; ɪɢɫ. 7, ɜ – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ 50 ɦɆ ɩɪɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 1,86 ˜ 10-3 ɝ/ɦɥ, ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ – 60 ɦɢɧ.
ɚ
ɛ
ɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 7. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ 1,86 ˜ 10-3 ɝ/ɦɥ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɵ
ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ 60 ɦɢɧ. ɚ – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ 50 ɦɆ; ɛ – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ 100 ɦɆ; ɜ – ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ 50 ɦɆ,
ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ
ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7, ɚ, ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ (ɞɨ 100 ɦɆ) ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ (ɫɦ.
ɪɢɫ. 7, ɛ). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ (1) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 ɦɆ [14]. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɟ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɸɜɟɬɟ, ɚ ɜ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɲɩɪɢɰɟ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɢɝɥɨɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7, ɜ. ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 7, ɚ ɢ ɜ), ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ.
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ Ɇɋȼɂ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ɇɋȼɂ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ.
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«Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 721, 2006
Â.Í. Ìåëüíèêîâ, Â.À. Ëèòâèíîâ, Â.Ò. Êîïïå ...
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ “ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ + ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɜ Na-ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ”, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɨɣ, ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɢɤɚɦ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ
ɢɨɧɨɜ [(C6H12O7) – H] – (m = 195 Ⱦɚ) ɢ [(13CC5H12O7) – H] – (m = 196 Ⱦɚ). ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɤ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɢɞɟɬ ɫ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
“ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ + ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ” ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ Ɇɋȼɂ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ.
Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ʋ 2155.
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Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ.ɇ. ȼɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ AIIIBV ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ: Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫɫ. ... ɤɚɧɞ. ɮɢɡ.-ɦɚɬ. ɧɚɭɤ. – ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ: ɉɪɢɧɬɚɥ, 1987. – 24 ɫ.
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ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ // ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ȼɂɉ-2005). Ɇɚɬɟɪ. XVII Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ.
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ON THE APPLICATION OF SIMS METHOD TO INVESTIGATION OF GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR
COMPONENTS INTERACTION
V.N. Melnykov, V.A. Litvinov, V.T. Koppe, V.V. Bobkov, V.V. Tovstyak
Kharkov National University, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkov 61077
E-mail: plip@lin.com.ua
This work is dedicated to the issues of application of secondary ion mass-spectrometry with liquid matrix when studying interaction
of components in aqueous (or buffer) solutions of complex bioorganic systems. For the purposes of analysis, the probes from the
aqueous solutions of the systems under study are dissolved in glycerol matrix. The behavior of the secondary ions characteristic of
the reaction products is then studied in the course of this analysis. Investigation of the system "glucose + glucose oxidase in
Na-phosphate buffer" was carried out which serves as a model for interactions among glucose biosensor components. As a result of
glucose oxydation catalyzed by glucose oxydase, gluconic acid (the reaction product) is formed in solution. Gluconic acid is reliably
detected via peaks its deprotonated molecule in the mass-spectrum of the negative secondary ions. The effect of certain parameters of
the system "glucose + glucose oxidase in Na-phosphate buffer" on gluconic acid production was studied.
KEY WORDS: secondary ion mass-spectrometry, glycerol matrix, glucose oxidase, gluconic acid, glucose biosensor.