Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ¾Ëîìîíîñîâ 2014¿ Ñåêöèÿ ¾Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå è ìóíèöèïàëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå¿ ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÍÎÅ ÏÐÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ È ÇÀ ÐÓÁÅÆÎÌ Ìåëüíè÷óê Ìàðèÿ Àëåêñàíäðîâíà Àñïèðàíò Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò èìåíè Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, Ôàêóëüòåò ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ, Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ E-mail: m.oleynik257@gmail.com Êîíöåïöèÿ ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà (e-government) íà÷àëà ôîðìèðîâàòüñÿ íà Çàïàäå â êîíöå XX âåêà. Càì òåðìèí âîçíèê â êîíöå 90-õ ãîäîâ, îäíàêî èäåè èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé â ðàìêàõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ, çàðîäèëèñü åùå â 70-õ ãîäàõ. Èíîñòðàííûå àâòîðû âûñêàçûâàþò ìíåíèå î òîì, ÷òî ñèñòåìà ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî ñëîæíûì îáúåêòîì èññëåäîâàíèÿ [9]. Ýòî îáóñëîâëåíî òåì, ÷òî, âî-ïåðâûõ, äàííàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ïîÿâèëàñü îòíîñèòåëüíî íåäàâíî è åùå íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîëíîñòüþ îñìûñëåííîé, à âî-âòîðûõ, îíà íàõîäèòñÿ íà ñòûêå íåñêîëüêèõ äèñöèïëèí. Íà äàííûé ìîìåíò ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîæåñòâî îïðåäåëåíèé ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà. Êàê ñïðàâåäëèâî îòìå÷àåò Ï.Ó. Êóçíåöîâ, ñòîèò ó÷èòûâàòü, ÷òî ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèå ¾ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî¿ (electronic government) è åãî ñîêðàùåííûé âàðèàíò (egovernment) èçíà÷àëüíî âîçíèêëè â ìåæäóíàðîäíîé ïðàêòèêå, è ëèøü ïîòîì ñòàëè èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â Ðîññèè [3].  áîëüøèíñòâå çàðóáåæíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ â îïðåäåëåíèè ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà àêöåíò ñäåëàí íà ïðèìåíåíèè ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé â ðàìêàõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ [11, 12, 13]. Ñðåäè ðîññèéñêèõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé îòñóòñòâóåò åäèíñòâî â ðåøåíèè âîïðîñà, ÷òî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî [2,4,7].  ðàìêàõ íàñòîÿùåãî äîêëàäà èññëåäîâàíèå èñòîðèè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà îñíîâûâàåòñÿ íà òåîðèè, ðàñêðûòîé Ì.À. Ñåäèíêèíûì, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîé ñóùåñòâóåò ÷åòûðå îñíîâíûõ ìîäåëè ïîñòðîåíèÿ ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà: êîíòèíåíòàëüíî-åâðîïåéñêàÿ ìîäåëü (ñòðàíû Çàïàäíîé, Öåíòðàëüíîé è Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû); àíãëî-àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ìîäåëü (ÑØÀ, Êàíàäà, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ); àçèàòñêàÿ ìîäåëü (Þæíàÿ Êîðåÿ, Ñèíãàïóð); ðîññèéñêàÿ ìîäåëü [5]. Ëèòåðàòóðà 1. Ãäàëåâè÷ Ïðàâîâîé ñåðâèñ â Ðîññèè: òåîðåòèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèå è èñòîðèêîïðàâîâûå ïðîáëåìû èíñòèòóöèîíàëüíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ. Ì., 2013. 2. Êàøèíà Å.À. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè: ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêèé àñïåêò Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... êàíä. ïîëèò. íàóê. Ìîñêâà, 2009. 3. Êóçíåöîâ Ñ.Ë. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî - ÷òî ýòî òàêîå? // Äåëîïðîèçâîäñòâî. Ì., 2010. N 1. 1 Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ¾Ëîìîíîñîâ 2014¿ 4. Êóðíîñîâ È.Í. Ðåàëèçàöèÿ êîíöåïöèè ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà: íîâûé ýòàï // Èíôîðìàöèîííîå îáùåñòâî, Ì., 2004. âûï. 6, ññ. 18-26. 5. Ñåäèíêèí Ì.À. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî. Èëè êàê îòêðûòü âëàñòü äëÿ îáùåñòâà? E-Government. How to open authority for society? // Åêá., 2011. 6. Òåðåùåíêî Ë.Ê. Ìîäåðíèçàöèÿ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ îòíîøåíèé è èíôîðìàöèîííîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà. Ì., 2013. 7. Õàáèáóëèí Ð.È. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî êàê ýëåìåíò èíñòðóìåíòàðèÿ ïîëèòè÷åñêîé ìîäåðíèçàöèè Ðîññèè. Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... êàíä. ïîëèò. íàóê. Óôà, 2012. 8. Öåëèùåâà Å.Ô. Îò ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ê ýëåêòðîííîìó ãîñóäàðñòâó // ÝÃÎ: Ýêîíîìèêà. Ãîñóäàðñòâî. Îáùåñòâî, 2 (6) 2011. 9. Gr onlund, Ake and Horan, Thomas A. (2005) "Introducing e-Gov: History, Denitions, and Issues,"Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 15, Article 39. 10. Subhajit Basu E-Government and Developing Countries: An Overview // International Review of law computers & Technology, Volume 18, No. 1, pages 109-132, March, 2004 11. Âñåìèðíûé áàíê [ñàéò]: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTINF menuPK:702592 pagePK:148956 piPK:216618 theSitePK:702586,00.html 12. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4752 è ðàçâèòèÿ [ñàéò]: 13. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ îáúåäèíåííûõ íàöèé [ñàéò]: http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb/egovernment_overvi 14. Åâðîïåéñêàÿ ñôåðà èññëåäîâàíèé [ñàéò]: http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm. 15. Ýëåêòðîííàÿ Åâðîïà-2002 [ñàéò]: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_societ 16. Ýëåêòðîííàÿ Åâðîïà-2005 [ñàéò]: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_societ 17. Ñðåäíåñðî÷íûé îáçîð ðåçóëüòàòîâ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïðîåêòà ¾Ýëåêòðîííàÿ Åâðîïà 2005¿ [ñàéò]: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/l24226_ 18. Èíôîðìàöèîííî-êîììóíèêàöèîííûå òåõíîëîãèè è ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî: ïëàí äåéñòâèé íà 2011-2015 ãîäû [ñàéò]: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/si0021_en.htm 19. Âñåìèðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ â îáëàñòè ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÎÎÍ [ñàéò]: http://www.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/08report.htm 2