СВЯЗЬ ДЕФОЛИАЦИИ БЕРЕЗОВЫХ ДРЕВОСТОЕВ НЕПАРНЫМ

595.771: 630.443
ȼɚɫɢɥɢɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ,
,
v_i_ponomarev@mail.ru
Ɉɥɶɝɚ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ Ɍɨɥɤɚɱ,
,
tolkach_o_v@mail.ru
Ƚɟɨɪɝɢɣ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɢɱ Ʉɥɨɛɭɤɨɜ,
klobukov_g_i@mail.ru
ɋȼəɁɖ ȾȿɎɈɅɂȺɐɂɂ ȻȿɊȿɁɈȼɕɏ ȾɊȿȼɈɋɌɈȿȼ
ɇȿɉȺɊɇɕɆ ɒȿɅɄɈɉɊəȾɈɆ (LYMANTRIA DISPAR L.)
ɋ ɁȺȻɈɅȿȼȺȿɆɈɋɌɖɘ ȻȺɄɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɈɃ ȼɈȾəɇɄɈɃ
Ⱦɟɮɨɥɢɚɰɢɹ, ɜɫɩɵɲɤɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɵɟ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɢ,
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ, Erwinia, Pseudomonas.
Defoliation, outbreak, birch stands, bacterial diseases, Erwinia, Pseudomonas.
,
.
,
.
,
-
,
[1].
,
,
.
70-
. XX .
,
[2].
,
,
,
70 %.
teriaceae (
74
,
Erwinia)
Pseudomonadaceae (
EnterobacPseudomonas).
E. multivora Scz.-Parf.
[2],
.
,
–
,
Erwinia,
,
[3].
-
-
.
,
(Lymantria dis) [2].
,
.
,
par L.)
-
(
,
,
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ.
,
,
2005 2011 .
(
)
(75 %
2006, 2009 2010
(75 %
)
(
).
–
.
)
.
2000 .
,
[4].
(Betula pendula Roth)
(Betula alba L.), VII
, ,
,
),
.
– 22–28 . -
1986-87
II.
(
.(
)
,
(
,
).
,
-
.
-
.
. .
.
75
2005–2007, 2009–2011
15
,
2006 .
.
.
,
75 %,
2011 .
2009
2007
(
100 %.
2009
2011
.
2005 .
2008
,
,
.
50 %)
–
-
.
(%).
,
.
50 %,
-
.
Excel
MS Office.
Statistica 6.0.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ.
,
2005 .
16 % (
),
0,5
,
200
,
– 24 %.
(36
-
)
,
.
39 %,
2,5
66 %,
.
,
.
.
76
– 15,3;
-
2,75
Erwinia.
2006 .
19  ;
,
.
– 14,3  .
15 
,
2005 . (49
100
).
,
-
.
.
40
-
(
),
–
(
,
).
(
,
).
-
,
70 % (10
), . .
-
2005 .
.
Pseudomonas.
Erwinia,
-
:
,
.
2007 .
.
14,8  ,
–
.
15 
.
33 %
( -
– 19,
77
,
– 18,4  .
.
2007 .,
,
)
12 %.
-
2007 .
.
(47
(
39 %
,
),
,
2006 .
-
).
.
2006 .
[5].
,
-
.
2007
–
2008
.
.
2009 .
77
200
2009 .
100 %
(
2007 .
150
100 %)
31 %
(92 %) (
– 50–70 %.
,
-
62 %.
).
2010 .
.
2010 .
90 %.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɫɢɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɞɨɥɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɹɧɤɨɣ ɜ 2009 ɢ 2010 ɝɝ.
ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
(Ʉɚɦɟɧɫɤ–ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ)
-
,
,%
2009 2010 2009 2010 2009
20
20
65
95 38 ± 16
65 100
62
90 47 ± 15
,%
2009–2010
-
, %*
2010
32 ± 22 b
40 ± 19 c
.
80
100
.
)
,
80
100
–
29
19
31
–
89
84
87
80
100
–
–
24
91
–
–
95
85
–
–
39 ± 17 c
39 ± 20 c
30
–
21
–
50
–
31 ± 16 b
–
20
–
55
–
21 ± 11
(
)
2009–2010
,
(
2010
.(
–
37 ± 16 bc
46 ± 17 44 ± 17 c
)
(
)
-
*
.
78
.
2010 .
.
,
.
,
(
),
-
30 %.
2010 .,
2009 .,
,
5–10 %.
2005 .
(
)
.
-
,
.
,
-
,
.
2009
2010 .
2010
-
.–
.
.
2010
.
2010 .
,
.
.
100 %
,
2009 .
.
– 47 %.
,
2010 .
100
90
,
2009
61,5 %
-
40 %.
2009 .,
2010 .
,
100 %
.
,
80 %
,
79
–
-
,
.
.
2009 .
13
.
,
.
25 %.
-
-
30 %
50–60 %.
2010 .
100 %
.
15 %
-
,
.
2010 .
.
2010 .
-
.
41 %
,
.
,
,
,
2010 .
-
.
,
[6].
,
.
2009 .
,
(
. 1).
2009 .
,
2010 . (
2009 .
,
80
(
. 3).
,
,
,
. 2).
. 2010 .
,
,
-
,%
30
20
В
10
0
28.07.2009 .
13.08.2009 .
20.08.2009 .
Д
. 1.
,
,%
(
, 2009 .:
)–
;(
)–
30
20
В
10
0
28.07.2009 .
13.08.2009 .
20.08.2009 .
Д
. 2.
2009 .,
2009 .,
2010 .:
(
)–
;(
)–
81
,%
30
20
В
10
0
22.07.2010 .
29.07.2010 .
09.08.2010 .
Д
. 3.
,
(2010 .):
(
)–
;(
)–
,
2010 .,
,
-
,
,
,
.).
,
(
,
-
(
)
(
–
,
).
(
95 %
82
–
).
.
-
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ.
,
,
-
.
,
.
-
95 %
.
.
,
.
12- -4-1035.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1.
[
, . .
]/ . .
//
:
:
2.
[
.–
3. Ш
.№3
.–
-
, 2003. – . 98–101.
, Ю.И.
:
]/
. .
,
. .
-
, 2006. – 18 .
, . .
[
, 2008. – 117 .
, . .
.–
:
4.
, . .
[
]/ . .
, . .
, . .
, 1974. – 176 .
5.
, . .
[
]/ . .
. – .:
.
., 2006. – 742 .
6.
, .И.
[
]/ . .
, . .
//
. – 2011. – № 2. – . 13–18.
]/
. .
.–
:
, . .
-
, . .
-
83
.
,
-
.
,
.
***
Monitoring the development of bacterial wetwood among birch trees before gypsy
moth outbreak and during this outbreak allow to determine a quantitative contribution
of this factor in change of the pathological situation in birch forest stands of northern
pre-forest steppe. Found that the damage of trees by bacterial wetwood disease has no
influence on degree of defoliation. More significant the correlation of tree damage by
bacterial wetwood not with the defoliation, but with the forest site conditions of forest
growth and weather conditions during the subsequent refoliation.
84