УДК 544.77 С.М.Тажибаева, К.Б.Мусабеков, А.А.Жубанова

D. M-K. Artykova, K. B. Mussabekov.
Structural-mechanical modification of the particle surface hydro suspension koskudyk kaolinite
The influence Sodium carboxymehtyl cellulose on structural-mechanical properties of hydro suspension kaolin are
investigated. It is revealed that small concentration of NaCMC changes structural-mechanical properties of
hydrosuspension of Koskudyk kaolin. The possibility of management by structurally-mechanical properties kaolin
pastes is shown.
Keywords: kaolinite, sodium carboxymehtyl cellulose, structurally-mechanical properties, structural-mechanical
type.
ɍȾɄ 544.77
ɋ.Ɇ.Ɍɚɠɢɛɚɟɜɚ, Ʉ.Ȼ.Ɇɭɫɚɛɟɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ.ɀɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦ.ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ
Ʉɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ Torulopsis kefir var kumis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae ɢ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɮɚɡ ɦɚɫɥɨ/ɜɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ:
ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɮɚɤɬ
ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ
8 ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɂɗɌ ɞɥɹ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 5,0-5,2. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɤ ɢɨɧɚɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ, ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ.
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɧɨ- ɢ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ
ɫɬɵɤɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɚɹ ɯɢɦɢɢɹ ɛɢɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɝɟɦɨɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɛɢɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ. ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ: ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ, ɚɞɝɟɡɢɹ.
ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɛɢɨ- ɢ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɛɢɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɣ
ɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ʉɚɡɇɍ
ɢɦ. ɚɥɶ-Ɏɚɪɚɛɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ: ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɟ
ɤɥɟɬɤɢ Sacharomyces cerevisiae ɢ Torulopsis kefir var kumis, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ Pseudomonas mendocina ɢ
ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɟɣɫɟɪɚ ɢ ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ: ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɢɦɢɧ (ɉɗɂ)
ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 1·104 ɢ ɩɨɥɢɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɞɢɚɥɥɢɥɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɢɞ (ɉȾɆȾȺȺɏ) ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 2,5·105, ɚ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɞɢɚɬɨɦɢɬɵ Ɇɭɝɨɞɠɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ. ȼ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɯ (~10-7ɦ) ɞɨ
170
ɝɪɭɛɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɨɜ (~10-5-10-4 ɦ) [1], ɚ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɫ
ɞɢɩɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɥɢɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦ [2].
Ȼɟɥɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɟɟ ɞɢɮɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨ-ɥɢɩɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɚ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɩɨ
ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ ɢ ɬɟɮɥɨɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɝɥɵ
ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ ɢ ɬɟɮɥɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 130 ɢ 980, ɬɨ ɭ
ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɜɚɪɰɚ ɢ ɬɟɮɥɨɧɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 11,30 ɢ 10,30 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ [3].
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫ ɠɢɞɤɢɦɢ
ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɚɦɢ ɫɭɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ Ƚɢɛɛɫɚ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɮɚɡɚɦɢ [4, 5]. ɉɪɢ ǻG < 0 ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ, ɩɪɢ ǻG>0 ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.
ɜɨɞɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 – Ƚɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ/
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ
H
ɏɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦ
Ƚɟɤɫɚɧ
Ƚɟɩɬɚɧ
Ɉɤɬɚɧ
Ⱦɟɤɚɧ
4,80
1,89
1,92
1,94
1,99
ɏɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦ
Ƚɟɤɫɚɧ
Ƚɟɩɬɚɧ
Ɉɤɬɚɧ
Ⱦɟɤɚɧ
ɏɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦ
ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɵɣ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ
Ƚɟɤɫɚɧ
Ƚɟɩɬɚɧ
Ɉɤɬɚɧ
Ⱦɟɤɚɧ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, %
ɄɊ
Torulopsis kefir var kumis
1,24
55,42
0,31
23,78
0,29
22,60
0,19
16,39
0,15
13,49
Sacharomyces cerevisiae
4,80
1,48
59,71
1,89
0,58
36,99
1,92
0,46
31,83
1,94
0,30
23,61
1,99
0,27
21,70
ɋɮɟɪɨɫɨɦɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ
4,80
!1
!50
2,23
!1
!50
1,89
0,13
11,50
1,92
0,40
28,57
1,94
0,45
31,03
1,99
0,52
34,21
'G, ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ
-0,53
2,84
3,00
3,98
4,53
-0,96
1,28
1,85
2,86
3,13
0
0
0,48
2,23
1,94
1,59
ɋɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 1,89 – 4,80 [6], ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ
ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɨɦ, ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɜɨɞɵ – 4,80 – ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ʉɪ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
1,24 ɞɥɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɢ 1,48 ɞɥɹ Sacharomyces cerevisiae, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ.
Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ: ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ Ƚɢɛɛɫɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ: ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ƚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 55,42 %
ɢ 59,71 % ɞɥɹ Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɢ Sacharomyces cerevisiae ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɬ.ɟ. ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɟ, ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɤɚ ¨G ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ Kp
ɢ Ƚ ɞɥɹ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ. ɑɟɦ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɟɥɨɤ-ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ.
ɂɄ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɤ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ: ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɵɯ, ɚɦɢɧɧɵɯ,
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɯ, ɫɭɥɶɮɝɢɞɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. [7, 8] . Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
171
ɨɛɳɢɣ ɡɚɪɹɞ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɦ ɤ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɛɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɢɨɧɨɜ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɹɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ [8].
ɂɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɪɹɦɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɡɚɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ, ɫɢɦɛɚɬɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ –
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ȟ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ Torulopsis kefir var kumis
ɢ
Sacharomyces cerevisiae ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɪɇ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 10, ɚ
ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦɵ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɇ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ,
ɬɢɩɢɱɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ – ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɜ ɢɡɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɤɚ
ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɟ [3].
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ,
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɪɹɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɪɨɬɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɦɢɧɨɝɪɭɩɩ [1]. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɞɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ
Methylococcus capsulatus ȼɋȻ-86, Methylosinus trichosporium ɢ Azotobacter vinelandii [9, 10].
Ʉɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɞɨɧɨɪɧɨ-ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɨɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɸ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ȟ- ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɢ
Sacharomyces cerevisiae,
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ȟ- ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1). Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȟɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɢ
Sacharomyces cerevisiae ɪɚɜɧɵ -46 ɦȼ ɢ -38 ɦȼ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɸ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ȟ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ 10-6-10-4 Ɇ. ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɜɵɲɟ 10-4 Ɇ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1: ɚ, ɛ).
ɚ
ɛ
-], ɦȼ
-], ɦȼ
80
80
60
40
60
20
0
1
40
-20
-5
-3
1
-40
2
20
-1
lgCFeCl3, M
2
-60
-5
-3
-80
-1
lgCPb(NO3)2, M
1 - Torulopsis kefir var kumis, Ɍ-17; 2 - Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Ɋ-12
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ Pb(NO3)2 (ɚ) ɢ
CrCl3 (ɛ)
172
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [11, 12] ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ȟ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ, ɚ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ - ɫ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨ ɫɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ⱦɗɋ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɪ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0,7-0,8 ɧɦ.
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɦɢ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ Torulopsis kefir var kumis ,
Sacharomyces cerevisiae ɢ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ.
ȼ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ȟ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ: ɨɬ 10-5 ɞɨ 10-1
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ. ɂɡɨɬɟɪɦɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ ɢ Co2+ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɢ Sɚcharomyces cerevisiae ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜɢɞ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ [13, 14].
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ Ʌɟɧɝɦɸɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɚɯ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɢɢɨɧɧɨɣ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ Cd2+ ɭ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɨɱɟɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ 0,7 – 89 ɦɝ/ɝ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ
[15], ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɬ 200 ɞɨ 500 ɦɝ/ɝ ɢɨɧɨɜ Au3+, Cu2+ ɢ Ag+ [16].
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɩɨ
ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɬɨɦɢɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɢɦɢɧɚ. ȼɵɛɨɪ
ɉɗɂ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ, ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ, ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɪɹɠɚɬɶ ɟɟ. ɉɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɪɹɞ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
ɦɢɤɪɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɉɗɂ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ Torulopsis
kefir var kumis ɢ Pseudomonas mendocina ɇɁ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɬɨɦɢɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
0,03 Ɇ ɉɗɂ [17]. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɧɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɟ ɉɗɂ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɪ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɨɧɨɜ Cu2+ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɉɗɂ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɢ Pseudomonas mendocina ɇɁ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2. Ʉɚɤ
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ Ɇɟ- ɞɢɚɬɨɦɢɬ-ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 97,5% (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 – Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ Cu2+ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɬɨɦɢɬɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɢ Pseudomonas mendocina
C0,
ɦɝ/ɥ
ɋCu2+·102
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ
64
128
256
384
512
640
0,1
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
Torulopsis kefir var kumis
ɋɪɚɜɧ., ɦɝ/ɥ
1,54
5,03
22,0
54,5
96,0
146,75
ɋɫɜɹɡ., %
97,5
96,1
91,4
85,8
81
77
Ⱥ, ɦɝ/ɝ
0,6246
1,2297
2,340
3,295
4,160
4,9325
Pseudomonas mendocina
ɋɪɚɜɧ., ɦɝ/ɥ
1,6
6,1
18,75
45,23
81,0
128,3
ɋɫɜɹɡ., %
97,5
95,2
92,6
88,2
84,1
79,5
Ⱥ, ɦɝ/ɝ
0,624
1,219
2,3725
3,3877
4,31
5,117
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɥɨɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ- ɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ NaCl ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
(ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2), ɱɬɨ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ ɤ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 10-3-10-2 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɚɹ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 10-1 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ h•2500A0 ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɟɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
173
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ, ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 10-22 Ⱦɠ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɢɢ – ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɹɦɟ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɬɟɪɹɸɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɢɦɢɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɞɢɚɥɥɢɥɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ (ɉȾɆȾȺȺɏ). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (W). Ʉɪɢɜɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ W ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɬ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɭ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ Sɚcharomyces cerevisiae, ɚ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ – ɭ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦ. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɉȾɆȾȺȺɏ 10-4-10-3 ɨɫɧɨɜɨɦɨɥɶ/ɥ. ɗɬɢ ɠɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ȟ-ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɞɨ
ɧɭɥɹ.
Uǜ1017, Ⱦɠ
0,9
0,8
0,7
1
0,5
2
0,6
W
0,4
3
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
-6
h, Å
1.
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
lg C
Chlorella vulgaris (1);
ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦɵ (2);
Sacharamyces cerevisiae (3)
CNaCl=1ǜ10-3 Ɇ; 2. CNaCl=1ǜ10-2 Ɇ;
3.CNaCl=1ǜ10-1 Ɇ; 4.CNaCl=1 Ɇ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 – Ʉɪɢɜɵɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
Torulopsis kefir var kumis ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ 1-1- ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3 - Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɛɢɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɉȾɆȾȺȺɏ
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɤ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɮɥɨɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ,
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ- ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɭɱɟɬ ɢɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1 Ȼɚɪɚɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ɍɟɫɥɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ə. Ɏɥɨɤɭɥɹɧɬɵ ɜ ɛɢɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. – Ʌ.: ɏɢɦɢɹ, 1990. – 121 ɫ.
2 ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜ ɂ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. – Ʌ.: ɏɢɦɢɹ, 1971. – 192 ɫ .
3 Ɍɚɠɢɛɚɟɜɚ ɋ.Ɇ., Ɇɭɫɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ʉ.Ȼ., Ɉɪɚɡɵɦɛɟɬɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ȼ., ɀɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ // Ʉɨɥɥɨɢɞɧ. ɠɭɪɧ. – 2003 –. Ɍ.65, ʋ 1. – C. 132-135.
4 əɫɤɨɜɢɱ Ƚ.Ⱥ., ȿɥɶɤɢɧ Ƚ.ɗ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ //
Ɇɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥ. – 1995. – Ɍ.64, ʋ 1.- ɋ. 137-139.
5 əɫɤɨɜɢɱ Ƚ.Ⱥ., əɤɨɜɥɟɜɚ ȿ.ɉ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɬɚɦɦɨɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ //
Ɇɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥ. – 1996. – Ɍ.65, ʋ 4. – ɋ. 569-571.
6 Ɋɚɛɢɧɨɜɢɱ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɏɚɜɢɧ Ɂ.ə. Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ. - Ʌ.: ɏɢɦɢɹ, 1978. – 390 ɫ.
7 ɍɥɶɛɟɪɝ Ɂ.Ɋ., Ɇɚɪɨɱɤɨ ɉ.Ƚ., ɋɚɜɤɢɧ Ⱥ.Ƚ., ɉɟɪɰɨɜ ɇ.ȼ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ // Ʉɨɥɥɨɢɞɧ. ɠɭɪɧ. – 1998. – Ɍ. 60, ʋ 6. – ɋ. 836-842.
8 Lee D.C., Park C.J., Yang J.E., Jeong Y.H., Rhee H.I. Screening of hexavalent chromium biosorbent from
marine algae //Appl. microbial. and biotechnol. – 2000. – T. 54, ʋ 3. – Ɋ. 445-448.
174
9 Ƚɨɪɞɢɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɋ., Ʉɭɪɞɢɲ ɂ.Ʉ., Ʉɢɫɬɟɧɶ Ⱥ.Ɍ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɧɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɯ
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ // ɏɢɦɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥ. ɜɨɞɵ. – 1997. – Ɍ.19, ʋ 2. – ɋ. 216-221.
10 Ƚɨɪɞɢɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɋ., Ɍɢɬɨɜɚ Ʌ.ȼ., Ʉɭɪɞɢɲ ɂ.Ʉ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɡɨɬɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ
// Ɇɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥ. ɠɭɪɧ. – 1996. - Ɍ.58, ʋ 2. – ɋ. 22-28.
11 Ʉɚɪɚɦɭɲɤɚ ȼ.ɂ., Ƚɷɞɞ Ⱦ.Ɇ., Ƚɪɭɡɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ƚ., ɍɥɶɛɟɪɝ Ɂ.Ɋ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨ-ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ // Ʉɨɥɥɨɢɞɧ. ɠɭɪɧ. – 1998. – Ɍ.60, ʋ
6. – ɋ. 775-778.
12 ɍɥɶɛɟɪɝ Ɂ.Ɋ., Ɇɚɪɨɱɤɨ Ʌ.Ƚ., ɋɚɜɤɢɧ Ⱥ.Ƚ., Ƚɪɭɡɢɧɚ Ɍ.Ƚ., ɒɢɥɨɜ ȼ.ɇ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ
(Ag, Cu, Au) ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ // Ʉɨɥɥɨɢɞɧ.
ɠɭɪɧ. – 2005. – Ɍ.67, ʋ1 –ɋ. 113-123.
13 Ɍɚɠɢɛɚɟɜɚ ɋ.Ɇ. Ȼɢɨɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɇȺɇ ɊɄ. ɋɟɪ. ɯɢɦ. – 2004. – ʋ1 (345). – ɋ.
112-116.
14 C.Ɇ.Ɍɚɠɢɛɚɟɜɚ. Ⱥ.Ȼ.Ɉɪɚɡɵɦɛɟɬɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ.ɀɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʉ.Ȼ. Ɇɭɫɚɛɟɤɨɜ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɄɚɡȽɍ. ɋɟɪ.ɷɤɨɥ. – 2002 – ʋ1 (10). – ɋ. 51-54
15 Samuelson P., Wernerus H., Svedberg M., Stahl St. Staphylococcal surface display of metal-binding
polyhistidyl peptides //Appl. and environ. Ɇicrobial. – 2000. – T.66, ʋ 3. – Ɋ. 1243-1248.
16 Nondin I.S. // Biotechnol. ɜioeng. - 1984. – Vol.26, ʋ 2. – P.134.
17 Tazhibayeva S.M., Korzhynbayeva K.B.,Orazymbetova A.B., Musabekov K.B., Zhubanova A.A., Burkitbaev
M.M. Immobilization of microorganism cells on the diatomite surface // European science and technology: Materials of
the International research and practice Conference, January 31st, 2012.Wiesbaden, Germany. – Vol.1. – P.90-94.
S.M.Tazhibayeva, K.B.Musabekov, A.A.Zhubanova
Colloid-chemical properties of biological dispersions
The results of the study of colloid-chemical properties of microorganism cells were. The behavior of yeast cells
Torulopsis kefir var kumis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae and spherosome at the interface oil / water is determined by the
properties at boundaring phases: the dielectric constant, the nature and size of the molecules of the organic medium.
The fact of the immutability of charge electrokinetic potential of yeast cells when the pH from 2 to 8 and the presence
of electronic devices for spherosome and seaweed at pH 5.0-5.2. The high sorption capacity of the cells to metal ions.
Keywords: biological dispersions, microorganism cells, electrokinetic potential.
ɋ.Ɇ.Ɍԥɠɿɛɚɟɜɚ, Ԕ.Ȼ.Ɇԝɫɚɛɟɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ.ɀԝɛɚɧɨɜɚ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɬɵ-ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿ
Ɇɚԕɚɥɚɞɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɚԑɡɚɥɚɪ ɠɚɫɭɲɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɬɵ-ɯɢɦɢɹɥɵԕ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿɧ ɡɟɪɬɬɟɭ ɧԥɬɢɠɟɥɟɪɿ
ɤɟɥɬɿɪɿɥɝɟɧ. Ɇɚɣ/ɫɭ ɮɚɡɚɥɚɪ ɲɟɤɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚ Torulopsis kefir var kumis, Sacharomyces cerevisiae ɚɲɵɬԕɵ
ɠɚɫɭɲɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɠԥɧɟ ԧɫɿɦɞɿɤ ɠɚɫɭɲɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦɚɫɵɧɵԙ ɮɚɡɚɥɚɪ ɲɟɤɚɪɚɫɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɤԛɣɿ ɠɚɧɚɫԕɚɧ
ɮɚɡɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԕɚɫɢɟɬɬɟɪɿɦɟɧ (ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɥɿɤ ԧɬɤɿɡɝɿɲɬɿɝɿɦɟɧ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɨɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɬɚɛɢԑɚɬɵɦɟɧ ɠԥɧɟ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ԧɥɲɟɦɿɦɟɧ) ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԑɵ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɞɿ. Ɉɪɬɚɧɵԙ ɪɇ ɦԥɧɿɧ 2-ɞɟɧ 8-ɝɟ ɞɟɣɿɧ ԧɡɝɟɪɬɤɟɧɞɟ
ɚɲɵɬԕɵ ɠɚɫɭɲɚɥɚɪɵɧɵԙ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵɧɵԙ ɡɚɪɹɞɵ ԧɡɝɟɪɦɟɣɬɿɧɞɿɝɿ, ɚɥ ɫɮɟɪɨɫɨɦɚɥɚɪ ɦɟɧ
ɛɚɥɞɵɪɥɚɪ ԛɲɿɧ ɂɗɇ ɪɇ 5,0-5,2 ɚɣɦɚԑɵɧɞɚ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɬɵɧɞɵԑɵ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɞɵ. ɀɚɫɭɲɚɥɚɪɞɵԙ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɢɨɧɞɚɪɵɧ
ɫɨɪɛɰɢɹɥɚɭ ԕɚɛɿɥɟɬɿ ɤԧɪɫɟɬɿɥɞɿ.
Ʉɿɥɬɬɿɤ ɫΫɡɞɟɪ: ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵΙ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹɥɚɪ, ɦɢɤɪɨɚΕɡɚ ɠɚɫɭɲɚɥɚɪɵ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚɥɵΙ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ.
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