504.054+574.23 ȼɚɫɢɥɢɣ Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɢɱ əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, , , . vasiliyarmishko@yandex.ru ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɂɪɢɧɚ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ Ʌɹɧɝɭɡɨɜɚ , irina@lya.spb.ru Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɦ. ȼ.Ʌ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɆɇɈȽɈɅȿɌɇəə ȾɂɇȺɆɂɄȺ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ɂ ɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂə ɏȼɈɂ PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ȺɗɊɈɌȿɏɇɈȽȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɂə ɇȺ ȿȼɊɈɉȿɃɋɄɈɆ ɋȿȼȿɊȿ Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ, ɚɷɪɨɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɧɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɯɜɨɢ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ. Kola peninsula, air-technogenic pollution, Pinus sylvestris, parameters of needles, heavy metals. , , , . - , , . III–IV [1, 18, 25–27], 10–12 [23–26]. 6–9, , 30 [12, 19, 23, 25, 26, 28]. [4, 8, 12, 16, 25, 26, 28]. – , [2, 3, 5, 11, 13, 14, 21]. , , - , - [7, 20, 22]. ( ) , , . - , , ( ), , . - [5, 13, 17]. , , , , , - ( , .), , – . Pinus sylvestris L., . Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. . 32° 48' . .), « », ( 1939 . [15]. : 67° 55' . , SO2 16 . 1973 . 230 . Ni Cu, 1993 - , , 1999 ., - 1992 . ( . 1). 31 , . 3–6, 1999 2006 . 40 5,2 . . , (2007–2009 35 4,7 .) . , – . [6]. 1981 2008 . - , : 0,1–0,15 * , . . - - . 1. , , . [26]: 0 – – 1– – 5 %; , – ( ) - , 10 % 2– ; – - 25 % ( ( 3 – 8–10 – ; 4 – 51 * , , ; – ), - , , ), 50 % – , 32 - 75 % , , ; [29]. - ɚ) ы . / 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 ɛ) ы . / 25 20 15 10 5 0 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 ы щ Ni Cu Ɋɢɫ. 1. (ɚ), , (ɛ) 33 1 Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɪɟɜɨɫɬɨɟɜ ɥɢɲɚɣɧɢɤɨɜɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɦɨɲɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɧɚ Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ( 1981–1982 .) - , , , , , ./ , 2 / 65 10 3,5 4,5 30 474 53 0,8 0,1 75 9 1 8,6 12,3 50 767 15 8,7 0,1 80 10 8,4 6,9 50 244 15 0,9 0,1 30 10 7,2 7,6 50 1852 170 8,1 1,0 30 10 6,0 7,0 40 1975 25 5,5 0,1 12 10 4,2 5,1 40 1790 0 3,9 0,0 8 10 4,2 5,6 40 600 120 1,4 0,2 5– 75 %, – – . - Pinus sylvestris. 450 ° , HCl Ni . Cu . - - . . . 34 Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ. 2008 .) (F = 4,39, p = 0,017) 28,7 ± 0,7, 32,0 ± 0,8, 29,7 ± 0,8 . 22,3 39,8 , : : 1979 – 1993 (1981– . ( 1987 . 2). 2004 ., (r = 0,46, p > 0,05), (r = 0,42 0,56, p > 0,05). 2006 ., – 1987 - 42 40 38 , 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 1 14 23 86 И 129 , . 132 Mean ±SE ±1,96*SE . Ɋɢɫ. 2. ( 2008 .) 35 ( , , p < 0,05). ) (r = 0,80, , , ( - . 3) [25, 26, 28]. - , ( ( . 2). 5 %) , / . 5% 20 % , , - , . 66 % , - 30 % , 5% ( . 2) [26, 28]. : 50 % , 10 % 6 ; (2–3 %) . (93–98 %) P. sylvestris ( . 2). , 1–5 % (6 %) 1–3- 2008 . , - . 78 %, , - 15 %. 1988 . 25 % , , ( 50 % . 2). - . , ( 36 3–5 ) , . ɚ) 50 , 40 30 20 10 0 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1993 1995 2001 2003 2005 2007 ɛ) 50 , 40 30 20 10 0 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1993 1995 2001 2003 2005 2007 Ɋɢɫ. 3. (ɚ) (ɛ) 37 2 ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɜɨɢ Pinus sylvestris ɩɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɭ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ - ,% ,% 38 <1 100 98 100 95 98 96 96 91 1–5 – – – 5 2 2 4 7 6–10 – – – – – – – 2 11–25 – 1 – – – – – – 26–50 – 1 – – – 2 – – 51–75 – – – – – – – – > 76 – – – – – – – – <1 66 98 17 93 10 94 – 78 1–5 31 1 56 6 56 6 10 – 6–10 3 – 17 – 16 – 50 18 11–25 – – 9 – 16 – 32 – 26–50 – 1 1 – 2 – 8 2 51–75 – – – 1 – – – – > 76 – – – – – – – 2 . 2 - ,% ,% <1 25 74 – 55 – 12 – 3 1–5 37 23 6 27 – 49 – 52 6–10 17 3 21 13 27 32 – 34 11–25 12 – 38 5 36 7 – 3 26–50 9 – 19 – 20 – – 2 51–75 – – 3 – 7 – – 3 > 76 – – 13 – 10 – – 3 . – 1988 ., – 2008 . . 8–10 . 2008 . , . 10 % ( , 4- . 3% 5 %. 75 % . 2). 26 %, - , , (3 % - ) . 5,7 6,7 ( . 4), - [23, 24]. 39 Ɋɢɫ. 4. Pinus sylvestris, , 1982 . (3,8 ± 0,3 , ( ), , . 4). , , - 1990 ., , - « »( . 1). 2005 2008 ( 6,1–6,4 . ) ( XXI . ( . 1). . 4). - , , , , Pinus sylvestris. 1982 1987 - ., , ( 1990 . (2,3 ± 0,1 , 40 . 4). ), - . 2005 2008 . ( 4,5 ± 0,1 . , , . 4). , - . (1981–2008 .) Ni Pinus sylvestris 4,7 ± 0,3 4,4 ± 0,2 / ( Cu ), . Ni 2,5–9,0, Cu – 2,8–7,5 / 4,3–8,7 40,9 ± 3,2 (Ni) - , ( . 5). 18,9 ± 0,9 (Cu) / . - 1,5–2,5 . Ni , 34 Cu 160 ± 24 79,5 ± 9,5 / 18 . 260 170 / ( . 5), 7,8–12,2 - . , (r = 0,87–0,94, p < 0,05). 1981–2008 . - , 3 , , [10]. , , - . 41 300 250 , / 200 150 100 50 0 1981 1984 1988 1997 2005 2008 1981 1984 1988 1997 2005 2008 1981 1984 1988 1997 2005 2008 Ф ы Б И Ni Cu Ɋɢɫ. 5. Pinus sylvestris , ( , , - ) (Ni, Cu) . [r = –(0,61–0,91), p < 0,05] ( , - ) , . [r = –(0,90–0,96), p < 0,05] - , , . ȼɵɜɨɞɵ 30- , , . 42 III–IV - 1. : 6,3 - , , 22 %. - (Ni, Cu) . 2–9 , - 2. 4,5 ± 0,1 , 70 % ; , . , 8–12 , . , . 3. ( , , ) - , . 4. Pinus syl- vestris . (97-04-49617, 04-04-49525, 06-04-48902) 01-04-49814, 03-04-49617, « ». Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ 1. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ, ȼ.Ⱥ. [ ] / 2. Ȼɚɪɚɯɬɟɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. .… - . . . .– / . . // , 1982. – . 97–115. .– [ ] : , 1993. – 34 . . 43 3. Ȼɚɪɚɯɬɟɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. ]/ . . , . . 4. ȼɥɚɫɟɧɤɨ, ȼ.ɗ. [ . . , . . 5. ɀɢɪɨɜ, ȼ.Ʉ. . . , . . .– , 1988. – 86 . , [ ] / . . . – 1995. – № 3. – . 193–196. // , . . .– [ ] / . . , 2007. – 166 . .: , 6. « » 2009 . [ ]. – : 7. Ʉɪɚɜɤɢɧɚ, ɂ.Ɇ. ]/ . . // 8. Ʌɭɤɢɧɚ, ɇ.ȼ. [ ]/ . . , 1996. – . 1–2. 9. Ʌɭɤɢɧɚ, ɇ.ȼ. [ ] / . . , 1998. – 316 . 10. Ʌɹɧɝɭɡɨɜɚ, ɂ.ȼ. [ , 2010. – 178 . . – 1991. – . 76, № 1. – . 3–9. , . . .– : . , . . . – : - [ ] / . . // .– .: , 2009. – . 25–58. 11. Ɇɚɥɶɯɨɬɪɚ, ɋ.ɋ. [ ]/ . . . – .: 12. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɚ, Ɍ.Ⱥ. , . . // , 1989. [ . . [ [ 44 , . . , , 2006. – 134 . 13. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.ɋ. ]/ . . .– 14. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.ɋ. [ ]/ . . 15. ɉɨɡɧɹɤɨɜ, ȼ.ə. , 1999. – 432 . 16. Ɋɹɡɚɧɰɟɜɚ, Ʌ.Ⱥ. ]/ . . , . . . – 1999. – № 2. – . 22–27. . . .– : : ] / - , 1979. – 278 . .– [ ., 1989. – 65 . ]/ . . .– .: - , . . , . . // - 17. ɋɟɪɝɟɣɱɢɤ, ɋ.Ⱥ. [ ] / . . .– : . , 1998. – 199 . 18. ɋɬɟɩɚɧɱɢɤ, ȼ.ȼ., [ ] / . . // .– , 1993. – . 37, . 1. – 19. Ɍɨɪɥɨɩɨɜɚ, ɇ.ȼ. . . , . . .– 20. Ɏɟɞɨɪɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ʌ. . . . . // 21. Ɏɭɤɫɦɚɧ, ɂ.Ʌ. .– 22. Ɏɭɤɫɦɚɧ, ɂ.Ʌ. , . . , . . , : . . . - . . . , - . 62–70. [ , 2003. – 146 . : [ ] / [ ] / . – 2002. – № 1. – . 70–72. : , 2002. – 164 . [ . . ]/ , . , . . . – 1997. – № 3. – . 213–217. 23. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ɏ. , . . , . . , [ . . // , 1991. – . 125–136. 24. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ɏ. [ ]/ . . . – 1985. – № 1. – . 32–39. 25. əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, ȼ.Ɍ. . . // . – .: 26. əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, ȼ.Ɍ. [ ]/ . . .– 210 . 27. əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, ȼ.Ɍ. , . . ] / // ] / . – - // [ ] / - , 1990. – . 55–64. , 1997. – .: [ .– ] / .: . . // , 2005. – . 28–57. (Pinus sylvestris L.) [ ] / 28. əɪɦɢɲɤɨ, ȼ.Ɍ. // . . .– .: , 2009. – . 58–73. 29. Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS) SCOPE Report 3 [Text]. – Canada, 1973. – 74 p. 45 30- III–IV . , , ( , , ) , . *** Almost 30-years monitoring of pine forests of III–IV age classes on Kola Peninsula under various regimen of air industrial pollution showed that the improvement of vital state of needle and decreasing value of heavy metals in it are exclusively conditioned by sharp decreasing of the level of air pollution, since increasing level of soil pollution is continued. Morphometric indices (length, width, thickness) of needle of various ages and its mass are closely interrelated, but any correlation of these features with the level of pollution on habitant and accumulation of heavy metals in it is absent. 46